cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical analysis of the CYC1-sup4 interval in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract CYC1 and sup4 are part of a tightly linked cluster of genes on chromosome X in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using as probes previously cloned fragments containing the CYC1 and sup4 genes, we have identified and cloned the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) present between these genes in one strain of yeast. We find that the CYC1 and sup4 genes are approximately 21 kilobases apart. In the same strain, the meiotic map distance is approximately 3.7 centimorgans, for a ratio of 5.6 kilobases per centimorgan in this interval. The physical mapping has allowed unambiguous determination of the orientation of CYC1 and sup4 relative to each other, the centromere, and a nearby transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA(2Ser)) gene. The spontaneous mutation cyc1-1 inactivates the CYC1 gene as well as the neighboring loci OSM1 and RAD7. We have determined that a cyc1-1-bearing strain lacks approximately 13 kilobases of single-copy DNA from the CYC1-sup4 region, including all of the CYC1 coding information. There is a sequence homologous to the middle-repetitive element Ty1 at or near the breakpoint of the cyc1-1 deletion. We discuss the possibility that Ty elements play a role in the formation of such large, spontaneous deletions, which occur frequently in this region of chromosome X in certain yeast strains.
A Modular Systems Perspective of IT Infrastructure Configurations and Productivity.

Research on IT infrastructure investments and organizational productivity has been marked with ambiguity, evidenced by the much debated productivity paradox. Part of the ambiguity arises from a paradigmatic aggregated treatment of IT infrastructure and productivity constructs along with a disregard for contingencies and time lags. The focus in this paper is to extend the component based view to understand IT infrastructure productivity. Using a modular systems perspective, revisiting the constructs in an attempt to disaggregate them for a more detailed examination is proposed. This study adds to the body of knowledge through a holistic examination of the relationship between IT infrastructure configurations, contingencies, and organizational productivity. The object of all science is to co-ordinate our experiences into a logical system Einstein (1922)
Circadian rhythm changes in autotrophic euglena induced by organic carbon sources.

SYNOPSIS. Acetate added to autotrophic Euglena cultures changed the period length of the circadian rhythm of phototaxis. Phase shifts were induced by acetate pulses. Since transition from one metabolic state to another (autotrophic/mixotrophic) caused a phase shift or a period change, such effects possibly result from switching metabolic pathways. As suggested (Brinkmann, K., 1966. Planta70, 344–89), differences in the temperature responses of the rhythm in mixotrophic and autotrophic cells might also be caused by participation of different metabolic pathways with different Q10 values, e.g. dark reactions vs photochemical reactions. However the Q10 of a given dark reaction, e.g. protein synthesis, can differ in the 2 states. Therefore temperature experiments alone do not suffice for deciding whether the pathways include photochemical reactions, dark reactions, or both.
LIFT: A new framework of learning from testing data for face recognition

In this paper, a novel learning methodology for face recognition, LearnIng From Testing data (LIFT) framework, is proposed. Considering many face recognition problems featured by the inadequate training examples and availability of the vast testing examples, we aim to explore the useful information from the testing data to facilitate learning. The one-against-all technique is integrated into the learning system to recover the labels of the testing data, and then expand the training population by such recovered data. In this paper, neural networks and support vector machines are used as the base learning models. Furthermore, we integrate two other transductive methods, consistency method and LRGA method into the LIFT framework. Experimental results and various hypothesis testing over five popular face benchmarks illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Lewis Acid-Promoted Oxidative Addition of Thioimidates to Pd(0)

The isomeric S-methyldihydropyrrins 9-Z and 9-E exhibit markedly different behavior in Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Thioimidates 9-Z are readily converted to imines 10-Z employing Pd(0)/AlkZnI. Under identical conditions 9-E are inert. Oxidative addition to Pd(0) requires activation by Zn or other Lewis acids, which is sterically unfavorable with 9-E. Analogous results were obtained with the related thioimidates 11-E,Z as well as with methylthiopyridines 19α−γ. In the case of both 11 and 19 oxidative addition to Pd(0) was greatly facilitated in the presence of BF3·Et2O. The importance of Lewis acid activation to Pd(0) oxidative addition in such substrates appears to be a general phenomenon not previously recognized.
Endothelin induced contractility of stellate cells from normal and cirrhotic rat liver: implications for regulation of portal pressure and resistance

Hepatic stellate cells are similar to tissue pericytes and have been shown to be contractile. In this study, we examined the effects of known mediators of stellate cell contraction on portal pressure in rat livers after carbon tetrachloride induced injury (including cirrhosis) and investigated the contractility of stellate cells as a function of liver injury. Sarafotoxin S6C, an endothelin B (ETB) receptor agonist, had minor effects on portal pressure when perfused into normal livers at concentrations known to elicit stellate cell contraction (2 nmol/L). In contrast, both endothelin-1 (2 nmol/L) and angiotensin II (8.6 nmol/L) caused a rapid and pronounced rise in portal pressure. The effects of sarafotoxin S6C (a potent stellate cell contractile agonist) on portal pressure were greater in cirrhotic than normal liver, whereas those of angiotensin II were unchanged after liver injury. Endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin S6C induced contractility of stellate cells increased in proportion to the degree of liver injury. Contractility was greatest for stellate cells isolated from cirrhotic livers, a population of cells that displayed the most activated phenotype, as measured by immunoblot of smooth muscle alpha actin. Autoradiography of cirrhotic livers after perfusion with 125I-endothelin-1 revealed binding to cells in both sinusoidal spaces and collagenous fibrotic bands, consistent with known locations of stellate cells. Finally, the mixed endothelin-A (ETA) and ETB receptor antagonist, bosentan, reduced portal pressure in portal hypertensive animals, consistent with its inhibitory effect on stellate cell contraction. We conclude that stellate cell contractility increases with progressive liver injury and is proportional to the degree of stellate cell activation, becoming most prominent in the cirrhotic liver. Endothelin-stimulated contraction of stellate cells in cirrhotic liver may contribute to increased intrahepatic resistance and portal pressure.
RNA decapping inside and outside of processing bodies

Decapping is a central step in eukaryotic mRNA turnover. Recent studies have identified several factors involved in catalysis and regulation of decapping. These include the following: an mRNA decapping complex containing the proteins Dcp1 and Dcp2; a nucleolar decapping enzyme, X29, involved in the degradation of U8 snoRNA and perhaps of other capped nuclear RNAs; and a decapping 'scavenger' enzyme, DcpS, that hydrolyzes the cap structure resulting from complete 3'-to-5' degradation of mRNAs by the exosome. Several proteins that stimulate mRNA decapping by the Dcp1:Dcp2 complex co-localize with Dcp1 and Dcp2, together with Xrn1, a 5'-to-3' exonuclease, to structures in the cytoplasm called processing bodies. Recent evidence suggests that the processing bodies may constitute specialized cellular compartments of mRNA turnover, which suggests that mRNA and protein localization may be integral to mRNA decay.
Experimental Performance of a Miniature Fabry-Perot Fiber Optic Hydrophone

The advantages of fiber optic sensors in hydrophone applications are well known. They offer excellent sensitivity, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and all active electronics are kept out of the water. One aspect where they are not clearly superior to conventional piezoelectric transducers is their size. For some applications size is critical and existing designs are too large.
Critical Crossings: The New York Intellectuals in Postwar America

The period immediately following the Second World War was a time, observed Randall Jarrell, when many American writers looked to the art of criticism as the representative act of the intellectual. Rethinking this interval in our culture, Neil Jumonville focuses on the group of writers and thinkers who founded, edited, and wrote for some of the most influential magazines in the country, including "Partisan Review," "Politics," "Commentary," and "Dissent." In their rejection of ideological, visionary, and romantic outlooks, reviewers and essayists such as Sidney Hook, Irving Howe, Lionel Trilling, Harold Rosenberg, and Daniel Bell adopted a pragmatic criticism that had a profound influence on the American intellectual community. By placing pragmatism at the center of intellectual activity, the New York Critics crossed from large belief systems to more tentative answers in the hope of redefining the proper function of the intellectual in the new postwar world. Because members of the New York group always valued being intellectuals more than being political leftists, they adopted a cultural elitism that opposed mass culture. Ready to combat any form of absolutist thought, they found themselves pitted against a series of antagonists, from the 1930s to the present, whom they considered insufficiently rational and analytical to be good intellectuals: the Communists and their sympathizers, the Beat writers, and the New Left. Jumonville tells the story of some of the paradoxes and dilemmas that confront all intellectuals. In this sense the book is as much about what it means to be an intellectual as it is about a specific group of thinkers.
Two types of striated muscle suggest two‐geared swimming in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina

Forward locomotion in the pteropod mollusc Clione limacina occurs in two distinct speeds, slow and fast. Fast swimming can include an initial ballistic escape phase following proper stimulation. Escape swimming is always followed by a period of fast swimming (both are forms of fast swimming), but changes from slow to fast swimming can occur without activation of the escape phase. Light and electron microscopical examination of the swim musculature reveals two types of striated muscles, suggesting that the neuromuscular system is designed to operate with two distinct “gears”. Histochemical staining for myosin ATPase (alkaline preincubation) and NADH diaphorase suggests that swim musculature includes slow-twitch, fatigue-resistant fibers and fast-twitch fatigable fibers. Combined electrophysiological and force transducer recordings support the twitch speed dichotomy, as fast-twitch motor units were found to have twitch times of 20 ms (time to peak tension) while slow-twitch motor unit twitch times were found to be more than three times as long. Fatigue tests were used to simulate both slow and fast swimming. Fatigue rates during simulated fast swimming suggest that the change from escape swimming to fast swimming may be partly explained by fatigue in the fast-twitch motor units, but other factors, possibly including peripheral modulation of muscle activity, must also contribute to the change.
Monte Carlo electron-trajectory simulations in bright-field and dark-field STEM: implications for tomography of thick biological sections.

A Monte Carlo electron-trajectory calculation has been implemented to assess the optimal detector configuration for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography of thick biological sections. By modeling specimens containing 2 and 3 at% osmium in a carbon matrix, it was found that for 1-μm-thick samples the bright-field (BF) and annular dark-field (ADF) signals give similar contrast and signal-to-noise ratio provided the ADF inner angle and BF outer angle are chosen optimally. Spatial resolution in STEM imaging of thick sections is compromised by multiple elastic scattering which results in a spread of scattering angles and thus a spread in lateral distances of the electrons leaving the bottom surface. However, the simulations reveal that a large fraction of these multiply scattered electrons are excluded from the BF detector, which results in higher spatial resolution in BF than in high-angle ADF images for objects situated towards the bottom of the sample. The calculations imply that STEM electron tomography of thick sections should be performed using a BF rather than an ADF detector. This advantage was verified by recording simultaneous BF and high-angle ADF STEM tomographic tilt series from a stained 600-nm-thick section of C. elegans. It was found that loss of spatial resolution occurred markedly at the bottom surface of the specimen in the ADF STEM but significantly less in the BF STEM tomographic reconstruction. Our results indicate that it might be feasible to use BF STEM tomography to determine the 3D structure of whole eukaryotic microorganisms prepared by freeze-substitution, embedding, and sectioning.
A low cost platform for linking transport properties to the structure of nanomaterials

A low cost platform made of a silicon nitride window with pre-patterned metallic leads has been fabricated. The platform is compatible for both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies and electrical transport measurements. We demonstrated that TEM analyses, in situ local structure modification with a high intensity electron beam and ex situ transport measurements can be performed for the same individual nanowire assembled on this platform. The platform can therefore be used to directly link the transport properties of a testing nanomaterial or a nanodevice to its morphological, structural and chemical properties.
FYVE Domain Targets Pib1p Ubiquitin Ligase to Endosome and Vacuolar Membranes

Signaling by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) is often mediated by proteins which bind PI3K products directly and are localized to intracellular membranes rich in PI3K products. The FYVE finger domain binds with high specificity to PtdIns(3)P and proteins containing this domain have been shown to be important components of diverse PI3K signaling pathways. The genome of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae encodes five proteins containing FYVE domains, including Pib1p, whose function is unknown. In addition to a FYVE finger motif, the primary structure of Pib1p contains a region rich in cysteine and histidine residues that we demonstrate binds 2 mol eq of zinc, consistent with this region containing a RING structural domain. The Pib1p RING domain exhibited E2-dependent ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro, indicating that Pib1p is an E3 RING-type ubiquitin ligase. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate that a GFP-Pib1p fusion protein localized to endosomal and vacuolar membranes and deletional analysis of Pib1p domains indicated that localization of GFP-Pib1p is mediated solely by the FYVE domain. These results suggest that Pib1p mediates ubiquitination of a subset of cellular proteins localized to endosome and vacuolar membranes, and they expand the repertoire of PI3K-regulated pathways identified in eukaryotic cells.
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF A SUPERCONDUCTING FILM WITH MAGNETIC NANOSTRIPES

Studies of the transport properties of a Sn superconducting film with several (1–7) parallel nickel magnetic nanostripes deposited on the top of a thin Ge insulating layer covering the surface of the superconducting film are reported. Measurements of the dependence of the resistance on the in-plane magnetic field with two magnetic field orientations (parallel to the stripes direction and perpendicular to the stripes) and the temperature have been made. We have studied resistance versus in-plane magnetic field direction. Different types of strong hysteresis in the resistance dependence on the magnetic field for different magnetic field orientations were observed.
Homologous nucleotide sequences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs: the 5'-end sequence of the mRNA of the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane.

Abstract The sequence of the first 89 nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA for the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane is: GCUACAUGGAGAUUAACUCAAUCU-AGAGGGUAUUAAUAAUGAAAGCUACUAAACUGGUACU-GGGCGCGGUAAUCCUGGGUUCUACUCUG. The sequence of the first 72 nucleotides was established by direct sequencing methods and was extended to 89 residues on the basis of the known sequences of oligonucleotides obtained from complete digestion of the mRNA by ribonuclease T1 or A and the known amino acid sequence of the prolipoprotein. The mRNA has an untranslated region of 38 residues before the initiation codon, AUG. A unique feature of the 5'-end sequence of the mRNA is that the sequence of 12 nucleotides (GUAUUAAUAAUG) prior to, and including, the initiation codon is the same as that found at the ribosome-binding site for 80S ribosomes in brome mosaic virus RNA4, a eukaryotic mRNA [Dasgupta, R., Shih, D., Saris, C. & Kaesberg, P. (1975) Nature 256, 624-628].
Cbfb/Runx1 repression–independent blockage of differentiation and accumulation of Csf2rb-expressing cells by Cbfb-MYH11

It is known that CBFB-MYH11, the fusion gene generated by inversion of chromosome 16 in human acute myeloid leukemia, is causative for oncogenic transformation. However, the mechanism by which CBFB-MYH11 initiates leukemogenesis is not clear. Previously published reports showed that CBFB-MYH11 dominantly inhibits RUNX1 and CBFB, and such inhibition has been suggested as the mechanism for leukemogenesis. Here we show that Cbfb-MYH11 caused Cbfb/Runx1 repression–independent defects in both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. During primitive hematopoiesis, Cbfb-MYH11 delayed differentiation characterized by sustained expression of Gata2, Il1rl1, and Csf2rb, a phenotype not found in Cbfb and Runx1 knockout mice. Expression of Cbfb-MYH11 in the bone marrow induced the accumulation of abnormal progenitor-like cells expressing Csf2rb in preleukemic mice. The expression of all 3 genes was detected in most human and murine CBFB-MYH11+ leukemia samples. Interestingly, Cbfb-MYH11+ preleukemic progenitors and leukemia-initiating cells did not express Csf2rb, although the majority of leukemia cells in our Cbfb-MYH11 knockin mice were Csf2rb+. Therefore Csf2rb can be used as a negative selection marker to enrich preleukemic progenitor cells and leukemia-initiating cells from Cbfb-MYH11 mice. These results suggest that Cbfb/Runx1 repression–independent activities contribute to leukemogenesis by Cbfb-MYH11.
The Economics of Eco-Labeling: Theory and Empirical Implications ∗

Over the past several years, environmental economists have been increasingly attracted to the use of information as an alternative to traditional methods for regulating externalities. An example of this approach is ‘‘eco-labeling,’’ where a third party certifies firms’ products; this approach is particularly popular in practice, having been adopted in a variety of countries. With this widespread adoption of eco-labeling, a literature has developed in environmental economics. In this paper, I survey the equilibria that may occur with eco-labeling, and discuss the resultant welfare effects.
Multi-Period Insurance Contracts

This paper examines the form of insurance contracts in the presence of asymmetric information about consumers’ accident probabilities. Our goal is to understand the adjustment in contract terms as a function of accident histories in a finite horizon model. We also compare these adjustments between alternative market structures. Our principal findings indicate that history dependent insurance contracts serve a useful sorting role. Individuals who declare themselves ‘low risks’ to insurance companies face adverse contracturai terms if they subsequently have many accidents. These adjustments are strongest in the case of a single insurance seller but are present in the competitive model as well.
ON POINT DEFECTS IN THE FLUXON LATTICE: SOME ATOMIC CALCULATIONS.

Abstract The stability and configurations of vacancies and interstitials in the flux line lattice were examined by a self-consistent variational calculation by computer. The calculations confirm the known experimental observations, but also show that pinning forces directly determine which configuration is more stable.
A Network Flow Model for Forecasting and Evaluating Criminal Displacement

In this article, the characteristics of crime patterns in geographic areas over time are described by a network flow model. A method forforecastingfuture crime patterns with the network model is discussed along with procedures for evaluating future displacement by component randomization. An illustrative example of the model building and output analysis from actual arrest data is presented.
The Lipid Portion of Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma Significantly Contributes to Its Wound Healing Properties.

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a popular choice for the treatment of chronic wounds. Current dogma attributes these healing properties to the peptide growth factors of PRP. However, PRP is also rich in bioactive lipids whose contribution to healing has not been characterized and warrants investigation due to the protease-rich environment of chronic wounds. Approach: The lipid fraction of PRP was tested with respect to proliferation and migration of primary adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa)±exposure to chronic wound fluid (CWF). This fraction was also characterized via LC-MS/MS for bioactive lipids. A synthetic formulation of the bioactive lipid composition was developed and tested for the ability to overcome proliferative growth arrest induced by CWF. Results: The data demonstrate the ability of the lipid fraction of PRP to significantly enhance the migration and proliferation of HDFa, and to overcome the proliferative growth arrest induced by CWF. Furthermore, the synthetic lipid formulatio...
Measuring Change in Health-System Pharmacy Over 50 Years: "Reflecting" on the Mirror, Part II.

The Director’s Forum guides pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. 2013 marked the 50th anniversary of the publication of the Mirror to Hospital Pharmacy, which was a comprehensive study of hospital pharmacy services in the United States. This iconic textbook was co-authored by Donald Francke, Clifton J. Latiolais, Gloria N. Francke, and Norman Ho. The Mirror’s results profiled hospital pharmacy of the 1950s; these results established goals for the profession in 6 paradigms: (1) professional philosophy and ethics; (2) scientific and technical expansion of health-system pharmacy; (3) development of administrative and managerial acumen; (4) increased practice competence; (5) wage and salary commensurate with professional responsibilities; and (6) health-system pharmacy as a vehicle for advancing the profession as a whole. This article critically reviews our progress on the last of 3 goals. An understanding of the profession’s progress on these goals since the seminal work of the Mirror provides directors of pharmacy a platform from which to develop strategies to enhance patient-centered pharmacy services.
Meteorological, Geological, and Biological Conditions on Venus

THE absence of oxygen in the atmosphere of Venus, as shown by St. John's spectroscopic observations, and the consequent absence of life such as we know, are scarcely what one would expect at first sight on a planet so much like the earth in size and mass and having a mean temperature within the range of terrestrial abodes of life. An explanation, however, is suggested by further consideration of what might happen to the earth and its inhabitants if it could be transferred to the orbit of Venus, and also have its axial rotation speed reduced to one revolution in several weeks.
Nonlinear Dynamics of an Oilless Linear Drive Reciprocating Compressor

Two modeling methodologies of the dynamics of a motor-compressor system are presented. The first approach considered only the mechanical system subjected to a sinusoidal input force with the pressure term in the equation of motion treated as a nonlinear stiffness term. The second methodology consisted of a mathematical model that couples the electromagnetic and thermodynamic equations to the dynamic equations that describe the motion of the piston. The mathematical model which consisted of a set of four first order simultaneous nonlinear time varying differential equations was solved by numerical integration routines that use the Adams-Moulton method with an adaptive integration step. The two methodologies are illustrated through an example. Steady-state operation was shown to be reached rapidly after a 0.13s transient. An analysis at various amplitudes and frequencies of the input voltage in the driver-coil of the motor showed the amplitude dependence of the natural frequency of the mechanical system, and a heavily damped system when operating at the design amplitude. The most efficient frequency of operation was also determined for a variety of required mass flow rates.
Charakterisierung der Endomorphismenringe beschränkter abelscher Gruppen

Problem 44 in L. FucHs [3] besagt: Man finde notwendige und hinreichende Bedingungen daffir, dab ein Ring zum Endomorphismenrinlg einer abelschen Gruppe isomorph ist. Fiir beschr~inkte Gruppen ~ (mit mindestens zwei unabh~ingigen Elementen maximaler Ordnung) wurde dieses Problem von R. BAER [1] gel6st. In der vorliegenden Arbeit geben wir eine weitere abstrakte Charakterisierung der Endomorphismenringe der beschr~inkten p-Gruppen. Dabei lassen wir die Endomorphismen von rechts auf den Gruppen operieren. Sei E ein abstrakter assoziativer Ring. 1st der Modul E + von E eine p-Gruppe und pk das Maximum der Ordnungen ihrer Elemente, so nennen wir E einen p-Ring vom Exponenten pk. Ein Rechtsbzw. Linksannullator von E ist die Gesamtheit 9teJ bzw. ~ J aller Elemente von E, die eine Teilmenge J von E elementweise yon rechts bzw. links annullieren. Ein Ideal von E bezeichnen wir als potent, wenn es kein Nilideal ist. Bedeutet 1 den Ring der ganzen rationalen Zahlen, dann k6nnen wir unser Hauptresultat (Satz 4.3) folgendermagen formulieren : Ist S,(E) der potente Rechtssockel, d. h. die Summe aller minimalen potenten Rechtsideale yon E, so ist E dann und nur dann zum voIlen Endomorphismenring EA einer besehrdnkten p-Gruppe A vom Exponenten pk isomorph, wenn die folgenden seehs Bedingungen erj~llt sind : (1) E ist ein p-Ring vom Exponenten pk (2) 0 + pka S,(E) C= Z j~r alle zweiseitigen Ideale Z ~ 0 yon E. (3) Ist J ein minimales potentes Rechtsideal yore Exponenten pk YOn E, so gilt J c~ 52EgteH = J c~ H J~r alle Linksideale H yon E. (4) Die Summe zweier Linksannullatoren yon E, deren Durehschnitt das Nullideal ist, ist wieder ein Linksannullator. (5) Fiir jedes primitive ldempotent a yon Emi t pk1 a +_ 0 gilt aEa = la. (6) E besitzt eine Eins. Die Gruppe A ist dabei der Modul eines minimalen potenten Rechtsideals vom Exponenten pk von E. Wenn wir E als endlich voraussetzen, k6nnen wir S,(E) = E schreiben und Bedingung (3) weglassen (Korollar 4.5). Eine andere L6sung von FUCHSs Problem 44 ftir endliche Gruppen findet sich bei W. LmBERT [-63.
MAGSONDE (patent pending): a device for making angular measurements on spinning projectiles using magnetic sensors

Accurate measurement of angular motions of spinning bodies with on-board sensors has long been recognized as a daunting task. Recent advances in magnetic sensor technologies have yielded devices small enough, rugged enough, and sensitive enough to be useful in systems making high-speed, high- resolution measurements of attitude relative to magnetic fields when installed on free-flying bodies. Such a measurement system, called a `MAGSONDE' (MAGnetic SONDE), has been designed for use in spinning projectiles for the estimation of in-flight angular orientation with respect to the earth's magnetic field.
Electric-field enhancement of dielectronic recombination from a continuum of finite bandwidth

A small electric field is shown to increase the dielectronic recombination, via autoionizing Rydberg states, of an electron from a continuum of finite bandwidth. The continuum of finite bandwidth is a broad autoionizing state which is part of a series converging to a higher limit, and the field enhancement of the rate occurs because the field converts the nl Rydberg states to nk Stark states, increasing the number of contributing recombination paths. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of an isolated resonance approximation treatment and show clearly both the positive effect of Stark mixing and the negative effect of field ionization on dielectronic recombination.
Leiomyoma Simultaneously Impair Endometrial BMP-2-Mediated Decidualization and Anticoagulant Expression through Secretion of TGF-β3

TGF-β3 mediates leiomyoma-induced uterine bleeding and infertility by a direct effect on endometrium.
US Policy and the Conflict of Powers in the Middle East

(1973). Us Policy and The Conflict of Powers in the Middle East. Journal of Palestine Studies: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 30-50.
The economics of diabetes prevention.

In the United States, the costs of diabetes mellitus are increasing. The cost of medical care for people with diagnosed diabetes increased from $1 billion per year in the 1970s to $116 billion per year in 2007. (1,2) Although people with diabetes comprise <6% of the U.S. population, approximately one in five health care dollars is spent caring for people with diabetes. (2) In 2007, the annual per capita health care expenditure for a person with diabetes was $11,700 and for a person without diabetes was $2,900. (2) The unadjusted per capita cost ratio for a person with diabetes compared to one without diabetes is 4.0. (2) People with diabetes are older than people without diabetes and health care costs increase with age, but even after adjusting for age, the per capita cost ratio is 2.3. (2) Healthy lifestyle interventions for the general population and intensive lifestyle and medication interventions for high-risk individuals present opportunities for diabetes prevention. The entire population is at risk for diabetes. One in three Americans born today will develop diabetes over his or her lifetime. (3) To prevent diabetes, everyone in the population should be encouraged to eat a healthy diet, be physically active, and maintain an optimal weight. This approach, termed primordial prevention, seeks to address the underlying causative risk factors for disease by changing environmental conditions and social values to encourage positive health behaviors among children, adolescents, and young adults. Observational studies have suggested that both favorable and unfavorable changes in lifestyles are related to population level changes in disease burden. (4) Unfortunately, a recent large clinical trial of a school-based intervention program that involved changes in the schools’ food service environment and gym programs, and behavioral interventions to support healthy diet and physical activity at home had only a modest impact on risk factors for type 2 diabetes. (5) More intensive, targeted interventions are appropriate for individuals who are at higher risk for diabetes including people who are older, obese, or who have impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or HbA1c levels indicative of increased risk for future diabetes. This approach, termed primary prevention, includes screening to identify high risk individuals and both intensive lifestyle interventions that may entail substantial costs and/or the use of medications that incur costs or may in fact cause harm. Randomized, controlled clinical trials from Asia, Europe, and North America have demonstrated that treating people who have glucose intolerance with intensive lifestyle interventions or medications can delay or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. (6–11) In this article, we describe the costs of glucose intolerance and diabetes, the impact of glucose intolerance and diabetes on quality-of-life, and the cost-effectiveness of screening and primary prevention interventions for diabetes prevention.
CATHOLIC AMBIGUITY OR SECTARIAN CERTAINTY

Abstract Controversy surrounding a Catholic philosophy of education and the Catholic “identity” of institutions of higher learning reveals the vitality and the genuine liberality of contemporary Catholic higher education. Rather than being symptoms of political correctness or of a lost capacity to celebrate Catholic or any other particularity, these controversies reveal the openness and authenticity of Catholic higher education. They show the willingness of many leaders in Catholic higher education to let go of ecclesiastical sectarianism, of absolute claims inconsistent with God's universal love and availability, and of classicism, and to embrace a reverent religious pluralism, a historical perspective, and the sheer exhilaration of intellectual discourse which aims to be universal. Such openness is no more risky than the more narrow and triumphal perspectives it replaces, and is well worth the risks.
Dopa and Dopamine in Glusulase: Possible Artifact in Studies on Catecholamine Metabolism

Relatively high concentrations of dopa and dopamnine were found in Glusulase, an enzyme preparation widely used in studies on catecholamine metabolism. This contamination may be a source of error in some studies, particularly in those measuring the endogenous concentrations of these catechols and their metabolic products.
Definitions of mathematical knowledge for teaching: using these constructs in research on secondary and college mathematics teachers

The construct “mathematical knowledge for teaching” (MKT) has received considerable attention in the mathematics education community in recent years. The development and refinement of the MKT construct, including the components of common content knowledge (CCK) and specialized content knowledge (SCK), came from research into elementary teachers’ practices. In this article, we argue that various issues arise as these constructs are used in research on secondary and post-secondary teachers. For example, elementary teachers typically differ from teachers of higher grades in their content preparation. What then is the relationship of CCK to SCK for those holding a bachelors degree or higher in mathematics? The MKT construct is based on CCK being knowledge held or used by an average mathematically literate citizen and that SCK is different. However, among those teaching in secondary and post-secondary contexts, what should be considered CCK? Is conceptual understanding of the CCK among those with bachelor’s degrees or higher level mathematics the same as SCK? We examine these questions as well as others that arose from our examination of definitions of CCK and SCK as we attempted to utilize those definitions to characterize the nature of MKT at secondary and undergraduate levels. We illustrate these issues with data from two instructional settings.
Delivering exposure and ritual prevention for obsessive–compulsive disorder via videoconference: Clinical considerations and recommendations

Abstract Exposure and ritual prevention (ERP) has been shown to be effective for treating obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but many people with OCD are not able to access this specialized, evidence-based mental health treatment. Internet-mediated technologies, e.g., videoconferencing, represent a way to increase the availability of evidence-based treatments such as ERP, but given that OCD is a complex disorder requiring a nuanced treatment approach, clinicians attempting to implement ERP remotely should appreciate not only the advantages but also the challenges associated with treating OCD from a distance. Using a case example, we describe this treatment method and discuss relevant clinical considerations.
Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Replenishment of Bone

This review examines the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of bone injuries and to stimulate bone formation. Studies examining both in vivo bone healing and in vitro actions of PRP on osteoblasts are reviewed. Overall, the available literature suggests that PRP does not appreciably impact bone healing or induce bone formation. However, there is some evidence to suggest that PRP might augment recruitment of osteoblast progenitors to injection sites or in sites expected to experience delayed healing. In this capacity PRP might be utilized to initiate repair of an otherwise poorly healing skeletal lesion. The demonstration that PRP is a viable therapy is hindered by a lack of standardized criteria for what constitutes PRP, and more studies are needed to compare the efficacy of PRP to that of transforming growth factor-β or platelet-derived growth factor used as sole agents.
Fatty acids of doxantha seed oil

The seed oil ofDoxantha unguis-cati was found to have the following fatty acid composition:cis-9-hexadecenoic 64,cis-11-octadecenoic 15, oleic 4, hexadecadienoic 1, linoleic 4, palmitic 12 and stearic <1%. The significance of the unusual fat composition is discussed in relation to biosynthetic mechanisms.
Cross talk study of flexible multimode fibers

The multimode fiber is one of the important components in optical imaging and multichannel sensing systems. The critical issue in the design of such systems is the level of the crosstalk ratio (light leakage between adjacent fibers or interchannels). The system performance degrades whenever crosstalk leads to a transfer of power from one fiber to another (or one channel from another). This paper develops a unique approach to derive and compute the crosstalk ratio, effective coupling coefficient and field distribution of flexible multimode fibers. Our results also demonstrate that Gaussian approximation can be used to compute the crosstalk ratio successfully. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the Gaussian approximation, we can obtain quantitative correlation between the crosstalk ratio and fiber parameters in order to reduce crosstalk. This may lead to improved contrast and sensitivity of fiber imaging and multichannel sensing systems.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Positron annihilation spectroscopy and small-angle neutron scattering characterization of the effect of Mn on the nanostructural features formed in irradiated Fe-Cu-Mn alloys

The size, number density, and composition of the nanometre-sized defects responsible for the hardening and embrittlement in irradiated Fe–0.9 wt% Cu and Fe–0.9 wt% Cu–1.0 wt% Mn model reactor pressure vessel alloys were measured using small-angle neutron scattering and positron annihilation spectroscopy. These alloys were irradiated at 290°C to relatively low neutron fluences (E > 1 MeV, 6.0 × 1020 to 4.0 × 1021 n m−2) in order to study the effect of manganese on the nucleation and growth of copper-rich precipitates and secondary defect features. Copper-rich precipitates were present in both alloys following irradiation. The effect of Mn was to reduce the size and increase the number density of precipitates in the Fe–Cu–Mn alloy relative to the Fe–Cu alloy. Vacancy clusters were observed in the Fe–Cu alloy, but not in the Fe–Cu–Mn alloy. These results suggest a strong effect of Mn on vacancy diffusion and clustering.
Parkinson's disease spatial covariance pattern: noninvasive quantification with perfusion MRI

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with elevated expression of a specific disease-related spatial covariance pattern (PDRP) in radiotracer scans of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. In this study, we scanned nine early-stage patients with PD and nine healthy controls using continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI). Parkinson's disease-related metabolic pattern expression in CASL pMRI scans was compared with the corresponding 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography values. The PDRP expression was abnormally elevated (P<0.01) in patients scanned with either modality, and the two values were highly intercorrelated (P<0.0001). Perfusion MRI methods can be used for accurate quantification of disease-related covariance patterns.
Efficient repopulation of denuded rabbit arteries with autologous genetically modified endothelial cells.

BACKGROUND In an effort to determine whether specific genetic modifications of cells of the vascular system might improve the efficacy of existing clinical procedures such as endarterectomy, atherectomy, and percutaneous angioplasty, we investigated the utility of gene transfer to rapidly and efficiently repopulate injured arteries with genetically modified cells in an animal model. METHODS AND RESULTS The method involves the harvest of autologous venous-derived endothelial cells, the efficient genetic modification of the cells through the use of recombinant retroviruses, and the subsequent implantation of the genetically modified cells on the surface of balloon-denuded arterial segments. With a rabbit model, freshly isolated endothelial cells were transduced with a recombinant retrovirus encoding the bacterial enzyme beta-galactosidase. The autologous transduced cells were then implanted on the surface of balloon-denuded ileofemoral arterial segments at different cell densities; after 1 to 14 days, the animals were killed, and the vessel segments were examined. Cells expressing the bacterial gene product, as determined by in situ staining for beta-galactosidase, were found to be present on the surface of 28 of the 32 arteries seeded with genetically modified cells. Vessels examined at 4 to 7 days after seeding displayed 40% to 90% coverage with transduced cells, even when seeded at subconfluent density, and an intact endothelial cell monolayer, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy studies. Vessels examined at 14 days after seeding revealed more variable staining for beta-galactosidase yet, again, in most cases, an intact endothelial cell monolayer. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate the feasibility of generating segments of arterial vessels containing genetically modified cells in a rapid and efficient fashion. Further studies are now necessary to determine whether the local expression of specific polypeptides within a region of vessel for a finite period of time will be clinically useful.
Steganalysis-aware steganography: statistical indistinguishability despite high distortion

We consider the interplay between steganographer and the steganalyzer, and develop a steganalysis aware framework for steganography. The problem of determining a stego image is posed as a feasibility problem subject to constraint of data communication, imperceptibility, and statistical indistinguishability with respect to steganalyzer's features. A stego image is then determined using set theoretic feasible point estimation methods. The proposed framework is applied effectively on a state of the art steganalysis method based on higher order statistics (HOS) steganalysis. We first show that the steganographer can significantly reduce the classification performance of the steganalyzer by employing a statistical constraint during embedding, although the image is highly distorted. Then we show that steganalyzer can develop a counter-strategy against steganographer's action, gaining back some classification performance. This interchange represents an empirical iteration in this game between the steganographer and steganalyzer. Finally we consider mixture strategies to find the Nash equilibrium of the interplay.
Quantum interference effects in semiconductors: a bibliography

The bibliography has been compiled as an introduction and study guide to this field. The papers listed describe the extensive theoretical and experimental results that have been obtained on quantum interference effects and discuss possible application areas. Works of a fundamental nature concerning phenomena that are basic to all semiconductor behavior have not been included. Articles on the properties and band structure of semiconductors, which are essential to a complete understanding of quantum interference effects, have not been included. Conference papers, though frequently very important, have not been included to conserve space. The papers are listed alphabetically according to the first author's surname. As in the compilation of any bibliography, numerous valuable and pertinent articles have probably been inadvertently omitted. >
Kinetics of Hydrogen Oxidation Downstream of Lean Propane and Hydrogen Flames

The decay of hydrogen was measured downstream of lean, flat, premixed hydrogen and propane-air flames seated on cooled porous burners. Experimental variables included temperature, pressure, initial equivalence ratio and diluent. Sampling of burned gas was done through uncooled quartz orifice probes, and the analysis was based on gas chromatography. An approximate treatment of the data in which diffusion was neglected led to the following rate expression for the zone downstream of hydrogen flames d[H (sub 2)] divided by (d times t) equals 1.7 times 10 (sup 10) [H (sub 2)] (sup 3) divided by (sub 2) [O (sub 2)]e (sup (-8100 divided by RT)) moles per liters per second. On the basis of a rate expression of this form, the specific rate constant for the reaction downstream of hydrogen flames was about three times as great as that determined downstream of propane flames. This result was explained on the basis of the existence of a steady state between hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the burned gas downstream of propane flames.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 rapidly increases nuclear calcium levels in rat osteosarcoma cells

1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases intracellular calcium in rat osteoblast-like cells that possess the classic receptor (ROS 17/2.8) as well as those that lack the classic receptor (ROS 24/1), indicating that a separate signalling system mediates this rapid nongenomic action. To determine the intracellular sites of this calcium increase, cytosolic and nuclear fluorescence (340 nm/380 nm ratio) were measured in Fura 2AM loaded ROS 17/2.8 cells using digital microscopy. Within 5 min, cytosolic fluorescence increased by 29% (P < 0.05) and nuclear fluorescence by 30% (P < 0.01) after exposure to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (20 nM). This effect was blocked by the inactive epimer 1 beta,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In an individual cell, cytosolic and nuclear fluorescence increased gradually after 1, 3, and 5 min exposure to vitamin D. Nuclei were then isolated from ROS 17/2.8 cells to directly measure the hormone's effect on nuclear calcium. The calcium content of Fura 2AM loaded nuclei was not affected by increasing the calcium concentration in the incubation buffer from 50 nM to 200 nM. After 5 min, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 20 nM, increased the calcium of isolated nuclei in medium containing 50 nM calcium and 200 nM calcium. 1 beta,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 20 nM, had no effect on nuclear calcium but blocked the 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced rise in the isolated nuclei. The results indicate that the nuclear membrane of the ROS 17/2.8 cells contain calcium permeability barriers and transport systems that are sensitive to and specific for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Traditional medical beliefs and the choice of practitioners in a Philippine city.

Abstract This paper is concerned with traditional beliefs about a disease, its causality and proper treatment. The beliefs and their effects on medical judgements are described, judgements often marked by a choice of practitioners that can substantially increase risk to life. In these circumstances, beliefs that falsify advantage often are persuasive. Factors that help to account for this situation are discussed, and the problem is considered in relation to certain theoretical and practical aspects of the persistence of traditional medical systems.