cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural phase-dependent hole localization and transport in bismuth vanadate

We present theoretical evidence for the phase dependence of hole localization and transport in bismuth vanadate (BiVO${}_{4}$). Our hybrid density-functional theory calculations predict that, in the tetragonal phase [tetragonal scheelite BiVO${}_{4}$ ($ts$-BiVO${}_{4}$)], an excess hole tends to localize around a BiO${}_{8}$ polyhedron with strong lattice distortion, whereas, in the monoclinic phase [monoclinic scheelite BiVO${}_{4}$ ($ms$-BiVO${}_{4}$)], it spreads over many lattice sites. The phase-dependent behavior is likely related to the higher structural stability of $ms$-BiVO${}_{4}$ than $ts$-BiVO${}_{4}$, which may suppress hole-induced lattice distortions. Our study also demonstrates that the relatively weakly localized hole in $ms$-BiVO${}_{4}$ undergoes faster diffusion compared to the case of $ts$-BiVO${}_{4}$, irrespective of the fact that the degrees of localization and mobility vary depending on the choice of exchange-correlation functional. The mobility difference may provide an explanation for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of $ms$-BiVO${}_{4}$ over $ts$-BiVO${}_{4}$ for water oxidation, considering that the increased mobility would lead to an increase in the hole current to the catalyst surface.
Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): an experimental and natural host of Dirofilaria immitis (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) in Florida, U.S.A.

Females of an Aedes albopictus (Skuse) colony from southeastern Florida, U.S.A., ingested low (22.9 ± 3.2 mg/ ♀) and high (243.2 ± 37.6 mf/ ♀) numbers of microfilariae from a dog infected with Dirofilaria immitis ( Leidy ). High mortality of females occurred during the first 4 d after infection regardless of the number of microfilariae ingested; daily mortality was almost negligible during 5-15 d after infection. Percentage of survival 15 d after infection was higher (63%) in females that ingested low numbers of microfilariae than those (15%) that ingested high numbers of microfilariae. The development of most of the D. immitis larvae was arrested in late L 1 stage with some of the L 1 stage larvae becoming melanized intracellularly in the Malpighian tubule cells of Ae. albopictus. Fifteen days after infection, development of D. immitis to the infective L 3 stage occurred in only 10.9% of the surviving F 1 and F 2 Ae. albopictus that ingested low numbers of microfilariae, but in 94% of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say ingesting similar numbers of microfilariae, as a control. Females of Ae. albopictus ingesting high numbers of microfilariae had more surviving females with L 3 than those ingesting low numbers of microfilariae. The number of L 3 larvae in the Malpighian tubules, hemocoel, head capsule and proboscis ranged from 1 to 37 per female, indicating the potential of Ae. albopictus to transmit D. immitis. Development of D. immitis larvae was not affected by co-infection with Ascogregarina taiwanensis (Lien & Levine), although both parasites infect the Malpighian tubules, the first intracellularly and the second extracellularly. After one generation of selection, a strain of Ae. albopictus susceptible to D. immitis developed 2.5 times more L 3 than the parent strain. These results show that a small portion of the natural population of Ae. albopictus is susceptible to infection with D. immitis and that susceptibility may be increased rapidly by selection. The presence of developing Dirofilaria sp. larvae in the Malpighian tubules of field-caught females indicated that Ae. albopictus may be infected naturally with D. immitis in Florida.
A Vector Analysis of the Infrared Emission of Night Flying Moths, with a Discussion of the System as a Directional Homing Device

The corn earworm moth, Heliothis zea (Boddie), emits a 10-µm infrared signal which is chopped by the wings. The oscilloscope recordings demonstrate that the signal has an azimuth and a glide path vector. A burning candle randomly mimics the vectored infrared output of the corn earworm and other moths. The output of the moth is related to the peculiar affinity of a moth for a candle flame. It is postulated that the vectored infrared signal may serve as a homing device between the sexes. It is believed that a candle flame is a confusing mimic to the moth signal and that the infrared from the flame triggers the “candle flame” behavior of the moth. There are picket-fence sensors (coeloconica) on the antennae which may be infrared detectors for the signal.
SAMPLING PROPERTIES OF GENEALOGICAL PATHWAYS UNDERLYING POPULATION PEDIGREES

In sexual species, autosomal alleles are transmitted through multigeneration organismal pedigrees via pathways of descent involving both genders. Here, models assess the sampling properties of these gender-described transmission pathways. An isolation-by-distance model of mating was used to construct a series of computer population pedigrees by systematically varying neighborhood size and the timing of isolation events in sundered populations. For each known pedigree, a matrix of true coancestry coefficients between all individuals in the final generation was calculated and compared (using cophenetic correlations) to mean pairwise times to common ancestry as estimated by sampling varying numbers of gender-defined lineage routes available to individual alleles through that pedigree. When few lineage routes were sampled, agreement between the estimated and the true pedigree was poor and showed a large variance. Agreement improved as more lineage routes were incorporated and asymptotically approached plateau levels predictably relatable to the magnitude of population structure. Results underscore a distinction between the composite genealogical information in a population pedigree and the subsets of that information registered in allelic lineage pathways.
Lack of Synergism When Strobane®-DDT Mixtures are Injected Into the Boll Weevil

Strong synergistic action was obtained following topical application of Strobane® (terpene polychlorinates [65% chlorine])-DDT (2:1) to 3 resistant strains of Anthonomus Grandis Boheman. However, when mixtures of Strobane-DDT were injected, very little or no synergism was observed. Injected DDT was more toxic than injected Strobane.
Understanding the Stability and Electronic and Adsorption Properties of Subnanometer Group XI Monometallic and Bimetallic Catalysts

Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the physicochemical and (CO and O2) adsorption properties of six-atom Ag, Au, and Cu clusters and their bimetallic combinations. The physicoche...
Observations on dietary sodium chloride.

To eat or not to eat salt is now the question, What is the effect of “too little” or “too much”?
Mechanism of DNA damage tolerance

DNA damage may compromise genome integrity and lead to cell death. Cells have evolved a variety of processes to respond to DNA damage including damage repair and tolerance mechanisms, as well as damage checkpoints. The DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway promotes the bypass of single-stranded DNA lesions encountered by DNA polymerases during DNA replication. This prevents the stalling of DNA replication. Two mechanistically distinct DDT branches have been characterized. One is translesion synthesis (TLS) in which a replicative DNA polymerase is temporarily replaced by a specialized TLS polymerase that has the ability to replicate across DNA lesions. TLS is mechanistically simple and straightforward, but it is intrinsically error-prone. The other is the error-free template switching (TS) mechanism in which the stalled nascent strand switches from the damaged template to the undamaged newly synthesized sister strand for extension past the lesion. Error-free TS is a complex but preferable process for bypassing DNA lesions. However, our current understanding of this pathway is sketchy. An increasing number of factors are being found to participate or regulate this important mechanism, which is the focus of this editorial.
Clinical significance of abnormal heart sounds.

Continued advances in the treatment of heart disease have increased the importance of exact diagnosis of abnormal heart sounds. If auscultation of the heart is carried out under optimal external conditions, the physician should be able to distinguish between normal sounds and those of pathologic significance. The authors discuss the identification of additional heart sounds and emphasize the importance of the physician's being able to interpret these sounds.
Rediscovering Hope: Understanding and Working with Survivors of Trauma

Publisher Summary The chapter explores the application of hope therapy in working with survivors of trauma. Although varieties of treatment modalities are available effective in treating victims of trauma, the diverse symptoms and associated problems may benefit from an integrative approach. Regardless of the specific therapeutic techniques employed, the argument that effective psychotherapy for survivors of trauma can be conceptualized as precipitation increases in their levels of hope. The chapter explains Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), its etiology, symptomatology, course, and appropriate treatment within the conceptual framework of hope theory. It states that while the distinct and personal nature of an individual's trauma is critically important to therapeutic work, many of the principles can be applied to survivors of other traumas as well. However, the person's developmental stage when a traumatic event occurs has a major impact on the eventual manifested effects; the younger a person is, the more profound the physiological dysregulation. Any improvements that are attained can stimulate the process of reclaiming hope: the ability to see future returns, and with that, meaningful personal goals and the belief in one's ability to attain these goals as well as the strategies for doing so. The steps may be slow and cumbersome, but the trip is worth the effort for those who are willing to take the first step.
Cell-free and circulating tumor cell–based biomarkers in men with metastatic prostate cancer: Tools for real-time precision medicine?

The recent expansion of therapeutic options for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer highlights the need for precision medicine approaches to enable the rational selection of appropriate therapies for individual patients. In this context, circulating biomarkers in the peripheral blood are attractive as readily accessible tools for predicting and monitoring therapeutic response. In the case of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA, they may also serve as a noninvasive means of assessing molecular aberrations in tumors at multiple time points before and during therapy. These so-called "liquid biopsies" can provide a snapshot view of tumor molecular architecture and may enable clinicians to monitor the molecular status of tumors as they evolve during treatment, thus allowing for individualized precision therapeutic decisions for patients over time. In this review, we outline recent progress in the field of circulating biomarkers in metastatic prostate cancer and evaluate their potential for enabling this vision of real-time precision medicine.
Collision Detection with Navigation Meshes

This chapter presents a technique to extend the navigation meshes generated using the adaptive space-filling volume (ASFV) algorithms to support and improve the speed of collision queries for objects present in the game world. This is done by providing four algorithms to extend navigation meshes to allow for object management (insert, update, remove, and find collidable objects). By utilizing a navigation mesh in this manner, a game or simulation developer is able to reduce the run time expenses in memory and CPU cycles of creating and maintaining one data structure for collision detection and another structure for agent navigation. The chapter shows experimentally that the navigation mesh actually performs better than the commonly used k-d tree data structures in all types of collision across multiple game environments. Overall, the navigation mesh is an excellent general spatial data structure and it is ready for uses going beyond that of agent navigation.
Distributed Approach for Implementing Genetic Algorithms

Genetic Algorithms are search techniques for global optimization in a complex search space. One of the interesting features of a Genetic Algorithm is that they lend themselves very well for parallel and distributed processing. This feature of Genetic Algorithm is useful in improving its computation efficiency for complex optimization problems. In this paper, we have implemented Genetic Algorithm in a distributed environment such that its implementation problem independent. This key attribute of distributed implementation allows it to be used for different types of optimization problems. Fault tolerance and user transparency are two other important features of our distributed Genetic Algorithm implementation. The effectiveness and generality of Genetic Algorithms have been demonstrated by solving two problems of network topology design and file allocation.
Development of a subunit vaccine for prevention of Clostridium difficile associated diseases: Biophysical characterization of toxoids A and B.

Inactivation of bacterial toxins for use in human vaccines traditionally is achieved by treatment with formaldehyde. In contrast, the bivalent experimental vaccine for the prevention of C. difficile infections (CDI) that is currently being evaluated in clinical trials was produced using a different strategy. C. difficile toxins A and B were inactivated using site-directed mutagenesis and treatment with 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC/NHS). In the present work we investigate the effect of genetic and chemical modifications on the structure of inactivated toxins (toxoids) A and B. The far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra of wild type toxins, mutated toxins, and EDC/NHS-inactivated toxoids reveal that the secondary structure of all proteins is very similar. The near-UV CD spectra show that aromatic residues of all proteins are in a unique asymmetric environment, indicative of well-defined tertiary structure. These results along with the fluorescence emission maxima of 335 nm observed for all proteins suggest that the tertiary structure of toxoids A and B is preserved as well. Analytical ultracentrifugation data demonstrate that all proteins are predominantly monomeric with small fractions of higher molecular weight oligomeric species present in toxoids A and B. Differential scanning calorimetry data reveal that genetic mutations induce thermal destabilization of protein structures. Subsequent treatment with EDC/NHS results either in a minimal (1 °C) increase of apparent thermostability (toxoid B) or no change at all (toxoid A). Therefore, our two-step inactivation strategy is an effective approach for the preparation of non-toxic proteins maintaining native-like structure and conformation.
Erratum to: Do the Military’s Frontline Psychiatry/Combat and Operational Stress Control Doctrine Help or Harm Veterans?—Part one: Framing the Issue

This is the first of a three-part systematic review of the potential benefits and harmful effects of the military’s century-old doctrine of frontline psychiatry or combat and operational stress control (COSC). Since the Second World War, psychiatric casualties have outnumbered the combined total of American service members both wounded and killed-in-action. The original, explicit purpose of frontline psychiatry programs established during the First World War was to prevent mass evacuation and attrition of military personnel experiencing acute war stress injuries by emphasizing brief, nonpsychiatric interventions resulting in return to duty (RTD). Although frontline psychiatry continues to evolve, these bedrock principles of RTD and avoiding psychiatric evacuation remain unchanged. Today, the US military explicitly predicts that over 95% of war stress casualties will be RTD with evacuation limited to those deemed either grossly impaired and/or clear safety risks to self or others. The military justifies its mental health policy by claiming that studies have demonstrated its health benefits to individual service members and their families, as well as findings that medical evacuation and subsequent psychiatric treatment are harmful. However, the only systematic review of the effectiveness of frontline psychiatry was published in 2003, warranting critical examination of the military’s claims. Specifically, the actual evidence for or against the military’s primary mental health policy has never been fully examined, so that any conclusions are tentative. The sheer complexity and national security implications underlying the military’s unchallenged 100-year doctrine required a three-part review. In this study, we frame the debate on the military’s frontline psychiatry/COSC by examining its historical origins, ethical-legal controversies, and contemporary program descriptions.
Management of Nasal Fractures in Sports

Nasal fractures represent approximately 60% of all maxillofacial injuries that occur in athletic activities; however, there are no current guidelines regarding immediate sideline management of these injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to (1) summarize the anatomy, etiology, and incidence of nasal fractures, and (2) evaluate the current body of literature regarding immediate on-field and subsequent outpatient management. It is imperative to establish that the athlete’s airway is not compromised and there are no other severe concomitant injuries, such as a concussion, ocular injury, or leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Immediate closed reduction should not be attempted unless there is airway compromise or the practitioner has experience in performing it. The majority of athletes with these injuries in isolation may return to play; however, in our practice, we recommend they wear a face mask for 6 weeks after their injury. Despite our recommendations, we know there is a paucity of clinical studies on immediate sideline and longer-term management. Future studies should focus on establishing therapeutic algorithms that will allow physicians to make treatment recommendations to patients with strong evidence to support their decision.
An examination of body size discrepancy for female college students wanting to be fashion models

ABSTRACTThis study is designed to understand body sizes of female college students wanting to be fashion models. Also, this study examines body size discrepancies between the actual and perceived body sizes for college students involved in fashion. Data were collected from 127 female college students who applied to be fashion models. The actual body dimensions were assessed with Body Mass Index weight status, and ASTM D 5585-11e1 standard size charts for adult female misses figure types. The result indicates that college students with fashion involvement tend to be confident about their body sizes. They seem to know or pretend not to know about their body sizes. Although this might be related to current inconsistent sizing systems in the apparel industry, we found that students involved in fashion have a discrepancy between the actual and perceived body sizes. This result is beneficial to the fashion industry’s understanding of the young generation.
Near-optimal quantum circuit for Grover's unstructured search using a transverse field

Inspired by a class of algorithms proposed by Farhi et al. (arXiv:1411.4028), namely, the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), we present a circuit-based quantum algorithm to search for a needle in a haystack, obtaining the same quadratic speedup achieved by Grover's original algorithm. In our algorithm, the problem Hamiltonian (oracle) and a transverse field are applied alternately to the system in a periodic manner. We introduce a technique, based on spin-coherent states, to analyze the composite unitary in a single period. This composite unitary drives a closed transition between two states that have high degrees of overlap with the initial state and the target state, respectively. The transition rate in our algorithm is of order $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}(1/\sqrt{N})$, and the overlaps are of order $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Theta}}(1)$, yielding a nearly optimal query complexity of $T\ensuremath{\simeq}\sqrt{N}\phantom{\rule{0.4pt}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{\pi}/2\sqrt{2})$. Our algorithm is a QAOA circuit that demonstrates a quantum advantage with a large number of iterations that is not derived from Trotterization of an adiabatic quantum optimization (AQO) algorithm. It also suggests that the analysis required to understand QAOA circuits involves a very different process from estimating the energy gap of a Hamiltonian in AQO.
Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles to lactating beef cows: impact of excess protein and fat on post-weaning progeny growth, glucose tolerance and carcass traits

Feeding dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), a feed high in fat and protein, to lactating beef cows can alter milk production and composition, resulting in improved pre-weaning growth of progeny. This alteration in milk profile may consequently alter the growth and carcass composition of the offspring after weaning. Therefore, Angus×Simmental steers (n=48) whose dams were fed one of two diets supplemented with either DDGS or soybean meal (CON) from calving to mid-lactation were placed in a feedlot to determine the effects of maternal nutrition during lactation on progeny development and carcass composition. Cow-calf pairs were allotted to two treatments at birth based on cow and calf BW, breed and age. Maternal diets were isocaloric (3.97 MJ/kg NEg) and consisted of rye hay supplemented with DDGS at 1% of BW (19.4% CP; 8.76% fat) or rye hay and corn silage supplemented with CON (11.7% CP; 2.06% fat). After conclusion of the treatments at 129 days postpartum, cow-calf pairs were comingled and managed as one group until weaning at 219 days postpartum. Steers were then transitioned to a common diet composed of 60% DDGS, 34% corn silage and 6% vitamin/mineral supplement and were placed indoors in individual pens with slatted floors. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed 134 days after feedlot entry on 16 steers (CON, n=7; DDGS, n=9) to determine the effect of maternal diet on glucose and insulin sensitivity. Steers were slaughtered at a target BW of 645 kg. Categorical and continuous data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX and MIXED procedures of SAS, respectively. Steers from DDGS dams tended to be heavier on day 85 of feedlot finishing (P=0.09) compared with steers from CON dams. However, there were no differences in final weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake or efficiency (gain:feed, P⩾0.18). Maternal treatments did not affect progeny days on feed (P=0.15), despite a mean difference of 9 days in favor of DDGS. Glucose and insulin concentrations and area under the curve of progeny as measured by IVGTT were not affected by maternal diet (P⩾0.16). Maternal DDGS supplementation decreased marbling score (P=0.04), but did not influence carcass grading percentage or any other carcass characteristic (P⩾0.17).
The Relationship Between Gambling Severity and Risk of Criminal Recidivism

Individuals involved with the criminal justice system have the highest prevalence of gambling disorder. Yet, this is an understudied area, especially in relation to postrelease functioning and recidivism risk. Participants (N = 100) were recruited from a local nonprofit organization and a federal probation office. Participants completed both self-report and interviewer-administered questionnaires assessing past-year and lifetime gambling behaviors and problems, legal history, health, and risk of recidivism. Past-year (8%) and lifetime (18%) rates of gambling disorder among the current sample are significantly greater than those of the general population and similar to rates found in incarcerated populations. Furthermore, 13% of individuals reported a direct relationship between their gambling and crime, and analyses revealed that increased gambling severity was a significant predictor of increased recidivism risk. Results suggest the need for screening and intervention efforts and call for policy reform among incarcerated and ex-offender populations.
The United States federal budget project

Abstract This project was developed to enable you to learn about the fiscal challenges that the federal government faces. Your class is asked to perform an analysis of the federal budget in light of increasing federal debt and make recommendations on how to address the fiscal challenges. This project is designed to increase your understanding of federal budgeting and accounting issues, and to help you better understand the public-interest complexities that occur in federal budgetary decision-making. The project achieves four primary learning objectives, and after completing the project you should be able to: (1) describe the federal budget process and accounting model; (2) explain the roles and responsibilities of key federal organizations and agencies with budgetary and spending responsibilities; (3) describe the inherent political factors involved in the federal budgeting process; and (4) communicate federal budget recommendations based on research conducted.
Religious Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Individuals Who Hold Different Religious Beliefs and Perspectives: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

This exploratory qualitative study examined how individuals’ religious beliefs and values influence how they engage with individuals who have different religious views. Graduate students in their first year at Christian seminaries (N = 205) were asked to describe how their religious faith affects th
Laurence Sterne’s “Poor Maria” as Model of Empathic Response

Late eighteenth-century England’s textual and visual interest in a melancholy literary figure from the works of Laurence Sterne known as “Poor Maria” valorized and stimulated a subject–object relationship that, considered through the lens of cognitive theory, offers insights into both the widespread cultural-historical phenomenon of “sensibility” and the general nature of empathic response. Paired with the depictions of the character, particularly as popularized through prints, elements of Douglas Watt’s wide-ranging 2007 overview of recent cognitive research illuminate late-eighteenth-century empathic response to Maria, responses shaped by a prevailing cultural atmosphere that emphasized fellow feeling, itself a culmination of a century’s preoccupation with the role of altruism in human nature.
PET System Technology Designs for Achieving Simultaneous PET/MRI

The combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows promise to be a powerful tool for disease characterization as it enables the simultaneous measurement of molecular, physiological, and anatomical information of the patient. Recently, PET and MR systems have been integrated for preclinical and clinical uses.
Effect of curvature in the magnetic shear profile on micro-tearing modes in the tokamak pedestal

The pedestal region of a tokamak plasma differs from the core in several respects. This work emphasizes the magnetic shear profile in the pedestal which is distinctive for two reasons: the pedestal is close to a magnetic-field separatrix so that the q-profile is intrinsically steep, and the steep pedestal gradients cause a peak in the bootstrap current with obvious effects on q(r). In fact, the pedestal q-profile has a complicated structure yielding a curved magnetic shear profile. Global linear simulations suggest that such a q-profile could substantially affect the nature of micro-instabilities. This paper analytically investigates this special feature of the pedestal, after appropriately modifying the slab-model field equations to allow for more complicated variation of the parallel wave vector. Surprisingly, the departure from a locally linear q profile (flat magnetic shear), even when small, supports a qualitatively novel mode whose width is fixed by curvature in the profile. The mode is unstable; its substantial growth rate is robust in the sense of persisting even when the q-profile modification is assumed to be small. However, this mode, originating from details of the q-profile, will not be found in a typical local ballooning gyrokinetic simulation.
Knowledge, attitudes, treatment practices, and health behaviors of nurses regarding blood cholesterol.

BACKGROUND This study, from a sample of west Texas RNs (n = 42), replicated a survey of New York City RNs' (n = 206) knowledge, attitudes, treatment practices, and health behaviors concerning cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. METHOD A random sample of 42 RNs completed a 48-item questionnaire developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Responses were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Differences between the present and previous study samples were analyzed by chi square. RESULTS Nurses expressed enthusiasm for counseling clients regarding cholesterol management; yet, only approximately one eighth of respondents in either study agreed strongly they were prepared to counsel clients. Chi-square analyses showed no significant differences in most responses between the two samples. CONCLUSION These findings suggest nurses could benefit from continuing education offerings targeted to client cholesterol management.
When the Imaging is No Help – A Rare Presentation of Primary CNS Lymphoma (P3.163)

Objective: To describe a case of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) with unusual imaging characteristics leading to a delay in the diagnosis. Background: Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) usually presents with nonspecific neurologic symptoms. The diagnosis is suggested by neuroimaging, which classically demonstrates a solitary or multiple, homogenously enhancing lesions with moderate degree of edema. Definitive diagnosis requires pathological evaluation of the tissue from identified lesions or CSF analysis. Design/Methods: Case Report Results: A 54-year-old right-handed male presented with one year of progressive neurological deterioration including ataxia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and altered mental status. An extensive workup included several MRIs which only demonstrated mild, non-specific T2/FLAIR abnormalities and multiple lumbar punctures were notable only for high CSF protein and pleocytosis. He was ultimately treated empirically with several courses of steroids with only transient improvement. Following further clinical deterioration, he eventually re-presented with seizures and now had a homogenously enhancing mass on imaging. This brain lesion was subsequently biopsied, revealing a diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this represents the first case of PCNSL presenting with such a long clinical prodrome with largely unremarkable MRI findings. The appearance of diffuse T2/FLAIR hyperintensity prior to formation of a discrete lesion could be related to prior steroid treatment; alternatively, it raises the possibility of a preceding paraneoplastic effect. This case questions the sensitivity of MRI for PCNSL and suggests that this diagnosis be considered even when imaging is negative. Disclosure: Dr. Low has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Romba has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mrugala has received personal compensation for activities with Xcenda.
Ventricular violation increases the risk of leptomeningeal disease in cavity-directed radiosurgery treated patients

Stereotactic radiosurgery is increasingly used in patients with limited brain metastases and good baseline performance to avoid the toxicities of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Patients with resected brain metastases are undergoing cavity-directed radiosurgery, withholding WBRT. Multiple institutions have published concerning incidences of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) when using this approach. We assess the risk of LMD in patients treated with this approach and identify risk factors for developing LMD. We identified 58 patients treated at our institution with cavity-directed SRS without WBRT for brain metastases between 2009 and 2015. Fifty-one (87.9%) had adequate follow-up for analysis, and 50 were treated to 30 Gy in 5 fractions to the resection cavity and are analyzed here. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. With a median follow-up of 12.9 months (range, 1.9–63.2), the 1-year and 2-year incidences of LMD were 20 and 24%, respectively. The median time from SRS to the development of LMD was 6.0 months (range, 0.7–14.5). On multivariate analysis, ventricle violation during surgery (HR = 7.1, P = .030) and number of metastases (HR = 1.9, P = .034) were associated with an increased risk of LMD. One-year and 2-year leptomeningeal failure-free survival was 76 and 64%, and 1-year and 2-year survival of the entire cohort was 56 and 32%, respectively. LMD incidence is relatively high in patients receiving postoperative cavity-directed SRS. Ventricular violation during surgery causes a significantly higher risk of LMD, and consideration of WBRT, greater SRS target volumes, or preoperative treatment in these patients may be warranted.
Favorable Formulary Placement of Branded Drugs in Medicare Prescription Drug Plans When Generics Are Available

This study examines Medicare Part D prescription drug plans to assess how often branded products were given more favorable formulary placement than generic products.
Secrets and lyase: Control of sphingosine 1‐phosphate distribution

The signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays key roles in many physiological processes. In the immune system, S1P's best-described function is to draw cells out of tissues into circulation. Here, we will review models of S1P distribution in the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and nonlymphoid tissues. These models have been challenging to construct, because of the lack of tools to map lipid gradients. Nonetheless, evidence to date suggests that S1P distribution is exquisitely tightly controlled, and that concentrations of signaling-available S1P cannot be predicted by standard rules of thumb. The fine regulation of S1P gradients may explain how S1P can simultaneously direct multiple cell movements both between tissues and circulation and within tissues. It may also make it feasible to develop drugs that enable spatially specific modulation of S1P signaling.
Optical Molasses with a New Twist

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines the essential features of optical molasses for multilevel atoms in the present scenario. When the three-dimensional cooling and confinement of atoms was first demonstrated, the so-called optical molasses was consistent with the predictions of a two-level theory. As more experiments were conducted, it became clear that many of the features of molasses worked better than predicted. The most startling discovery was that atoms could be cooled to temperatures well below the Doppler limit predicted for a two-level system and that the lowest temperatures were found at detunings larger than the optimum detuning for a two-level system. Recently, enhanced cooling of multilevel atoms has been observed, which provides a new insight into the behavior of optical molasses. The new cooling mechanism depends on the presence of Zeeman sublevels of an atom and the interaction of these levels in a light field with polarization gradients.
Using online resources in health co-inquiry: A bifurcated method for analyzing stakeholder narratives

Health Co-Inquiry is a process whereby stakeholders in management of chronic health (or mental health) conditions collaborate, with efforts toward stakeholder activation, person-centeredness, evidence-based practice, and integrated care. With rapid growth of Internet use by the general population in the new millennium, persons with chronic conditions and their caregivers, friends, family, and health providers may be using the Internet more in order to seek information, share advice, and give or find support and services. Thus, the Internet can provide an important avenue for Health Co-Inquiry and for researchers who want to know about stakeholder experiences. A fundamental aim of the current authors’ “Health Co-Inquiry Project” is to better understand stakeholder experiences in chronic conditions through their online narratives. Here we report, specifically, about our development of a Bifurcated Method for analyzing narratives online. It involves: (1) thematic analysis of narratives from publicly available blogs, forums, and other websites related to chronic health conditions, and (2) creation of a computer program that “crawls” the URLs to locate and count the frequencies of general health and condition-specific terms and provide pictorial representations of the relative frequencies of words on a web page. The Bifurcated Method is novel in social research, using online forums as data, evaluating them thematically, and crawling them with a computer program that quantitizes specified search terms. One benefit is comparison of results from the two sub-parts to look for apparently convergent and divergent information across the two prongs of analysis. Safeguards include removing stakeholder monikers from quoted narratives, and striving to use only publicly available URLs. The present report provides details about the Bifurcated Method and considers limitations of the approach for those who might use it. Specific results for each health condition from the larger Health Co-Inquiry Project are provided elsewhere.
Does Airbnb have a homogenous impact? Examining Airbnb’s effect on hotels with different organizational structures

Abstract Although a number of studies have examined Airbnb’s impact on hotels, previous studies have yielded mixed results and are limited in their geographical scope. Additionally, the impact of Airbnb on hotels with different organizational structures has not been previously analyzed. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to add to our understanding of the impact of an increase of Airbnb inventory by clarifying previously inconclusive results; 2) to examine the extent to which Airbnb listings affect hotel performance measures in the overall U.S. hotel market; and 3) to investigate the influence of Airbnb on key hotel metrics by elaborating the effect of Airbnb on hotels operated under different organizational forms- chain-managed, franchised, and independent. Our results show an adverse impact of Airbnb on hotel RevPAR and ADR metrics across different organizational structures. However, interestingly, Airbnb listings did not negatively affect occupancy numbers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Absorbable antibiotic beads as an adjuvant therapy in treating ventricular assist devices driveline infection: A case report.

Background Ventricular assist devices driveline infections are common, recalcitrant, and carry high morbidity and mortality. Herein, we reported a patient with driveline infection that was successfully treated with a combination of systemic antibiotics, surgical debridement, and instillation of absorbable antibiotic beads to the wound bed. Methods and results A 39-year-old man with nonischemic cardiomyopathy underwent insertion of a continuous flow left ventricular assist device. Four years postoperatively, the patient presented with clinical, laboratory, and radiologic signs of driveline tract infection. He underwent extensive surgical debridement, installation of absorbable antibiotic beads that consisted of calcium sulfate, vancomycin, and tobramycin, into the wound bed, and systemic antibiotics. The patient was free of infection 9 month postoperatively. Conclusion Absorbable calcium sulfate antibiotic beads may serve as a beneficial adjunct to surgical debridement and systemic antibiotics for the treatment of ventricular assist device driveline infection, and merit further investigation.
Higher baseline cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with lower arrhythmia recurrence and death after atrial fibrillation ablation

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to correlate with incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and AF burden. In recent years there has been increasing recognition of the pivotal role of modifying risk factors before AF ablation. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether higher baseline CRF measured using exercise stress testing (EST) was associated with improved outcomes after AF ablation. Methods We studied 591 patients who underwent EST within 12 months before AF ablation. Patients were categorized into low ( 100% predicted) CRF groups. Outcomes of interest included arrhythmia recurrence, cessation of antiarrhythmic therapy, repeat hospitalization for arrhythmia, repeat rhythm control procedures, and all-cause mortality. Results During mean follow-up of 32 months after ablation, arrhythmia recurrence was observed in 79% of patients in the low CRF group compared to 54% in the adequate CRF group and 27.5% in the high CRF group (P Conclusion Higher CRF is associated with reduced arrhythmia recurrence rates and death among patients undergoing AF ablation. Efforts should be made to enhance CRF before AF ablation.
Discovering heterogeneous consumer journeys in online platforms: implications for networking investment

We model consumer journeys for user-created programs published in an online programming platform (OPP) and uncover factors that predict their occurrence. We build our model on a theoretical framework where consumer journeys involve three latent stages (Learn, Feel, Do), in which users gather information about, express fondness toward, and try the published items, respectively. Using a dataset from an OPP where users publish multimedia items and follow other users, we find that there is no one dominant consumer journey; instead, the sequences of stages in a journey (e.g., Learn → Feel → Do) vary across published items. Furthermore, we find that the social capital (i.e., social network) of a publisher influences the occurrence of spillover effects between latent stages (the phenomenon that one stage in a period triggers another stage in the next period) for the items posted by the publisher. We also find that a publisher’s social capital has only a transient impact on the consumer journeys for the publisher’s projects, underlining the importance of consistently making new network connections in order to promote the growth of user activities surrounding the publisher’s projects. We apply our findings to the publishers’ networking investment decisions to show that publishers’ networking investment would be severely suboptimal if journey heterogeneity is not considered.
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, is required for human endometrial stromal cell decidualization†

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first appeared in December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Although much of the focus is on respiratory symptoms, recent reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can cause pregnancy complications such as pre-term birth and miscarriages; and women with COVID-19 have had maternal vascular malperfusion and decidual arteriopathy in their placentas. Here, we report that the ACE2 protein is expressed in both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, and the expression increases in stromal cells in the secretory phase. It was observed that the ACE2 mRNA and protein abundance increased during primary human endometrial stromal cell (HESC) decidualization. Furthermore, HESCs transfected with ACE2-targeting siRNA impaired the full decidualization response, as evidenced by a lack of morphology change and lower expression of the decidualization markers PRL and IGFBP1. Additionally, in mice during pregnancy, the ACE2 protein was expressed in the uterine epithelial cells, and stromal cells increased through day 6 of pregnancy. Finally, progesterone induced Ace2 mRNA expression in mouse uteri more than vehicle or estrogen. These data establish a role for ACE2 in endometrial physiology, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may be able to enter endometrial stromal cells and elicit pathological manifestations in women with COVID-19, including an increased risk of early pregnancy loss.
In the Eye of the Beholder: Body Weight Misperceptions among African Americans Living in Kentucky

Body weight status misperception, perceiving one’s self to be thinner than one’s body mass index (BMI), is growing in the United States. At risk for lifestyle-related disease, African Americans fac...
2020 ASHG presidential address: the ‘BIG TENT’ of genetics/genomics and our world

This article is based on the address given by the author at the 2020 virtual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) on October 26, 2020. The video of the original address can be found at the ASHG website.
The Correlation between the Using of English Language for Business Communication and Applying in e-Commerce of the Students in Thailand

This research is to study the correlation between the use of English language for business communication and applying English language in e-Commerce of the students in Thailand. The sample group consisted of fourth year students studying in the Departments of Liberal Arts, Humanities and Social Science, major in English Language for Communication. The random search of 382 students is done by stratifying sample, having types of institutions of higher education as stratified criteria, from Krejce and Morgan chart. Tools used are questionnaires, statistic is by mean, t-Test, pearson’s simple correlation moment product. It is found from the findings that 1) The levels of using English language for business communication of the students are at a high level 2) The levels of applying the English language in e-Commerce of the Thai students are at a high level 3) There is no different in the levels of competency in using the English language for business communication of the students in the government institution of higher education or the private institution of higher education 4) There is no different in the level of competency of the students in the government institution of higher education or the private institution of higher education in applying the use of English language in e-Commerce and 5) Overall, there is a correlation between using English language for business communication and applying the English language in e-Commerce of the Thai students at a moderate level, with statistic significant at .01 and correlation coefficient at .563.
The smooth, expanding universe

This chapter introduces two necessary tools, general relativity and statistical mechanics, to understand the ramifications of an expanding universe. Most of cosmology can be learned with only a passing knowledge of general relativity. One must be familiar with the concept of a metric, understand geodesies, and be able to apply the Einstein equations to the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric, thereby relating the parameters in the metric to the density in the universe. The great advantage of the metric is that it incorporates gravity. Instead of thinking of gravity as an external force and talking of particles moving in a gravitational field, one can include gravity in the metric and talk of particles moving freely in a distorted or curved space–time, one in which the metric cannot be converted everywhere into Euclidean form. The concept of a metric and the realization that nontrivial metrics affect geodesies both exist completely independently of general relativity. .
Induction of cytochrome P-450 by alcohols and 4-substituted pyrazoles. Comparison of structure-activity relationships.

Abstract A comparison was made between 4-substituted pyrazoles and short-chain alcohols as inducers of cytochrome P-450. A quantitative structure-activity analysis of the data led to the following equations: (I) Pyrazoles: Log 1/C = 0.85 (±0.21) Log P + 1.93 (±0.38), r = 0.970 (II) Alcohols: Log l /C = 0.78 (±0.14) Log P + 1.46 (±0.13), r = 0.988 where C is the concentration that caused a 50% increase in cytochrome P-450, P is the partition coefficient between octanol and water, and r is the correlation coefficient. The results suggest that induction of cytochrome P-450 by these compounds depends on hydrophobicity alone. Electronic and steric factors have insignificant roles.