cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL HETEROGENEITY OF MURINE LYMPHOID CELLS V. LYMPHOCYTES LACKING DETECTABLE SURFACE ϑ OR IMMUNOGLOBULIN DETERMINANTS

An appreciable percent (3–14%) of the lymphocyte-like cells of the mouse spleen lack both the θ-isoantigen and sufficient surface immunoglobulin to be detected by conventional immunofluorescence or autoradiographic procedures. These θ-,Ig- cells are increased in frequency after treatment of mice with antithymocyte serum or in mice that have been thymectomized, irradiated (850 R), and reconstituted with bone marrow cells. Moreover, in chimeric C57BL/6 mice in which the T cells are derived from (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 donors, θ-,Ig- cells also lack BALB/c histocompatibility antigens. These experiments indicate that θ-,Ig- cells are not θ- T lymphocytes. Removal of complement receptor lymphocytes from spleen cell populations increases the frequency of θ-,Ig- cells, indicating that such cells lack the complement receptor. Partially purified populations of θ-,Ig- cells have been obtained by cytolysis by anti-θ- and anti-κ-antibody and complement and by density gradient ultracentrifugation. These cells closely resemble lymphocytes in morphology. The only exceptional feature is the existence of prominent nucleoli. The θ-,Ig- cells lack hemoglobin and endogenous peroxidases, are not actively phagocytic, and do not adhere to glass. This suggests they are not of the erythroid, myeloid, or monocytoid lines. [3H]Thymidine labeling studies indicate that θ-,Ig- cells are members of a relatively slowly dividing cell pool. Whether θ-,Ig- cells are members of the "classical" B lymphocyte line or belong to another, as yet undescribed, lineage is not yet certain.
An Allosteric Circuit in Caspase-1

Structural studies of caspase-1 reveal that the dimeric thiol protease can exist in two states: in an on-state, when the active site is occupied, or in an off-state, when the active site is empty or when the enzyme is bound by a synthetic allosteric ligand at the dimer interface approximately 15 A from the active site. A network of 21 hydrogen bonds from nine side chains connecting the active and allosteric sites change partners when going between the on-state and the off-state. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of these nine side chains shows that only two of them-Arg286 and Glu390, which form a salt bridge-have major effects, causing 100- to 200-fold reductions in catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)). Two neighbors, Ser332 and Ser339, have minor effects, causing 4- to 7-fold reductions. A more detailed mutational analysis reveals that the enzyme is especially sensitive to substitutions of the salt bridge: even a homologous R286K substitution causes a 150-fold reduction in k(cat)/K(m). X-ray crystal structures of these variants suggest the importance of both the salt bridge interaction and the coordination of solvent water molecules near the allosteric binding pocket. Thus, only a small subset of side chains from the larger hydrogen bonding network is critical for activity. These form a contiguous set of interactions that run from one active site through the allosteric site at the dimer interface and onto the second active site. This subset constitutes a functional allosteric circuit or "hot wire" that promotes site-to-site coupling.
Lipid-protein interactions. I. Role of divalent ions in binding of glycylglycine to phosphatidylserine.

Abstract The reaction between glycylglycine, divalent metals, and phosphatidylserine has been investigated. Calcium is unique among eight ions in forming a mixed lipid-dipeptide-Ca 2+ complex exclusively. The pH dependence of complex formation and results for all eight ions are reported.
Efficacy of infliximab for luminal and fistulizing Crohn's disease and in ulcerative colitis.

Infliximab is arguably the first major advance in therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in more than a quarter of a century. Although it is important to distinguish efficacy from effectiveness, the data from clinical practice mirror those from randomized controlled trials. Infliximab has proven efficacious for luminal manifestations of Crohn’s disease (CD) regardless of location. It also has proven efficacy in the subset of penetrating disease to the skin and perianal area, and it increases rates of steroid-free remission. These benefits are reflected in improved quality of life, with limited data showing that infliximab can decrease rates of hospitalization and CD-related surgery. Infliximab also has proven to be efficacious in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and has increased rates of steroid-free remission. Whether infliximab will have an impact on the risk of colorectal cancer in UC and Crohn’s colitis has yet to be determined. The combination of strong evidence from large randomized controlled trials with substantial examination of use in the practice setting has moved biologic therapy with infliximab from novel to mainstream. In this review, the data for the efficacy of infliximab in controlled trials will be discussed in the context of real world effectiveness.
Short-term neuropsychological recovery in clients with substance use disorders

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairments are frequently observed in clients who enter treatment programs for substance abuse. The potential for early recovery of cognitive abilities is suggested by previous research; however, the extent of improvement and risk factors that may help predict individual differences in rates of recovery remain unclear. This study is a 6-week follow-up and retest of an original sample of 197 men and women who had received a broad neuropsychological assessment at addiction treatment entry. The aim was to examine the potential clinical significance of changes in cognitive functioning and the extent to which differential recovery was predictable from client background information. METHODS: Fifteen neuropsychological tests were readministered to 169 of 197 clients 6 weeks after treatment entry. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate separately the practice effects and recovery in four cognitive domains: executive function, memory, information processing speed, and verbal ability. Client background information included age, sex, education, substance use and consequences, psychopathology, medical problems, familial alcoholism history, and childhood behavior problems. RESULTS: A four-factor model of latent neuropsychological ability that was previously identified at treatment entry was replicated at follow-up. Statistically significant increases in the means of the four latent abilities were found. Memory showed a medium effect size improvement. Executive function, verbal ability, and information processing speed, however, showed only small effect size improvements, suggesting limited clinical significance. Substance use between treatment entry and follow-up, antisocial personality disorder, negative use consequences, less education, and medical problems were modestly predictive of less recovery. CONCLUSION: Cognitive recovery in the first 6 weeks of treatment is possible, but, with the possible exception of memory, improvement may be minor in terms of clinical relevance. Language: en
Surgical management of oral and mucosal dysplasias: The case for laser excision.

Oral leukoplakia is a whitish patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease and is not associated with any physical or chemical causative agent, except tobacco. Leukoplakia most commonly involves the tongue, followed by the floor of the mouth. 1 Although leukoplakia represents a clinical entity, approximately 15% to 25% of these lesions demonstrate cellular atypia or dysplasia when examined microscopically. 2 Leukoplakia is by far the most common precancerous disease in the oral cavity; the presence of epithelial dysplasia in an area of leukoplakia increases the risk of malignant degeneration with a rate ranging from 6% to 23% over 20 years. 1,3-7 While the majority of lesions are identified as benign hyperkeratoses, all leukoplakias should be treated surgically. 4,7 Leukoplakia and other lesions of the oral cavity, such as mucosal dysplasia and carcinomas, are generally treated with either laser or cold steel surgical excision. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser excision or ablation has been an accepted treatment modality since the early 1970s. 3,4,8
Modular forms arising from spherical polynomials and positive definite quadratic forms

Abstract The dimension over the complex numbers of the vector space of θ-series Φ(τ;P,Q)=∑nϵZ r P(n)e 2πiQ(n)τ , where P(X) is a “spherical polynomial” with respect to the positive definite quadratic form Q(X) is computed for binary forms. A sufficient condition that θ(τ; P, Q) be identically zero is proved, and its necessity is also proved for binary forms.
Real-Time Manipulation of Alternative Routeings in Flexible Manufacturing Systems: A Simulation Study

This paper presents the results of a simulation study of a typical flexible manufacturing system (FMS) that has routeing flexibility. The objective is this study is to test the effectiveness of the dissimilarity maximisation method (DMM) for real-time FMS scheduling. DMM is an alternative process plan selection method developed for routeing selection in off-line FMS scheduling. An integrated framework that consists of a computer simulation model, which mimics a physical system, a C++ + module, and a linear program solver is used to evaluate the effects of various operational control rules on the system performance. The hypothetical FMS employed in this study consists of seven machining centres, a loading and an unloading area, and six different part types. Owing to the existence of identical machining centres in the system, the part types have alternative routeings. For selecting an incoming part and later routeing it to a machining centre for its next operation, three control rules, namely, first-in first-out/first available (FIFO/FA), equal probability loading (EPL), and dissimilarity maximisation method/first-in first-out (DMM/ FIFO) are used. In this study, DMM is 1. Used as a real-time decision-making tool to select routeings for the parts that are in the system. 2. Tested and benchmarked against FIFO/FA and EPL. The results show that DMM/FIFO outperforms FIFO/FA and EPL on system throughput. Other measures such as average waiting time, average transportation time, and percentage utilisation rates are also investigated to provide insights for the effectiveness of the DMM rule for real-time FMS control applications.
Distribution and incorporation of [3H]orotic acid in free and membrane-bound ribosomes in rat liver after whole body γ-irradiation and prolonged fasting

Abstract Following either whole body γ-irradiation or prolonged fasting, membrane-attached ribosomes in liver were more heavily labeled with [3H]orotic acid than free ribosomes. Furthermore, there was a higher percentage of free ribosomes in the selected post-mitochondrial population. In contrast, the distribution of these two classes of ribosomes in the post-nuclear supernatant was unaltered. Thus, it appears unlikely that the irradiated liver cell responds by increasing free ribosome synthesis following exposure.
On phase-separation in Fermi-Bose mixtures

Abstract Phase-separation in a Fermi-Bose mixture is investigated on the basis of a hard sphere model using the hard sphere diameter as a perturbation parameter.
Equilibrium entrainment of fine sediment over a coarse immobile bed

[1] The transported load in most fluvial systems, including gravel-bedded rivers, includes fine-grained sediment. Models for suspended sediment transport have focused on sand-covered beds, rendering incomplete the theoretical and empirical framework for predicting fine sediment transport and routing. We conducted laboratory experiments involving sand transport over large immobile grains. The experiments were scaled such that immobile particles were much larger than the mobile sediment, but less than 10% of flow depth, and that bed shear stresses, scaled by the size of the mobile sediment, were indicative of transport in suspension. The experiments were conducted in equilibrium transport and included measurements of near-bed sediment concentration and interstitial sand storage for a range of flow and transport rates. Partial filling of grain interstices occurred over a narrow range of flow and transport rates, indicating a sharp threshold between no interstitial sand storage and a sand-covered bed. Less sand coverage on the bed resulted in higher near-bed sand concentrations per unit area of sand than runs with greater sand coverage. As sand bed elevation decreased relative to the coarse grains, turbulent wakes shed by the large grains appeared to enhance grain entrainment more than the corresponding decrease in bed area covered by sand resulted in decreased entrainment. Elevated concentrations were maintained until the bed was depleted of fine sediment. These results are formalized in a proposed sand elevation correction function that scales the entrainment rate for a bed partially covered by sand to the entrainment rate that would be predicted for a sand-covered bed.
A Study of Feature Design for Online Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Based on Continuous-Density Hidden Markov Models

We present a new feature extraction approach to online Chinese handwriting recognition based on continuous-density hidden Markov models (CDHMM). Given an online handwriting sample, a sequence of time-ordered dominant points are extracted first, which include stroke-endings, points corresponding to local extrema of curvature, and points with a large distance to the chords formed by pairs of previously identified neighboring dominant points. Then, at each dominant point, a 6-dimensional feature vector is extracted, which consists of two coordinate features, two delta features, and two double-delta features. Its effectiveness has been confirmed by experiments for a recognition task with a vocabulary of 9119 Chinese characters and CDHMMs trained from about 10 million samples using both maximum likelihood and discriminative training criteria.
Talking About Race Without Talking About Race Color Blindness in Genomics

“Race” is a human invention that is deeply institutionalized within society as racial practices and understandings shaping how people interact and perceive reality. By changing how it is approached and discussed “race” as an ideology is adept at transforming and adapting to societal shifts and resistance without significantly altering its basic structures. The ideology of color blindness represents a new “race” alteration. This study evaluates how color blindness as a normative sensemaking frame operates as a rhetorical mask that obscures researchers’ racial thinking in genomics. Drawing on 20 open-ended primary interviews with genomicists from various subfields, the article demonstrates that it is impossible to comprehend the persistence of racial thinking in genomics without considering how color-blind racial definitions and engagements mediate genomicists’ understanding of genomics.
A scientific database system for polymers and materials engineering needs

This paper describes the environment, the issues and the progress made in developing a database management system for managing data generated by fracture study experiments in polymers and materials engineering. The experiment data produced by materials engineers is large and has several data types that include summary data, image data, spatial data, and temporal data obtained by applying differing amounts of multiaxial stresses to materials at different times. The types of queries on the experiment data include statistical queries, matching queries, mapping queries, and spatiotemporal queries. We discuss the data model, query language, and spatial data structure issues associated with our environment, and how they translate into specific research problems. We also briefly summarize the progress made in each area. >
Factors associated with pedal ulceration in patients with diabetes mellitus

Understanding the factors associated with pedal ulceration in patients with diabetes mellitus will increase the successful management of the high-risk diabetic foot and decrease the occurrence of ulcerative events. The authors review the associative factors that have been shown to be involved with pedal ulceration.
Broadly Hysteretic H2 Adsorption in the Microporous Metal−Organic Framework Co(1,4-benzenedipyrazolate)

Reaction of Co(CF3SO3)2 with the new molecule 1,4-benzenedi(4′-pyrazolyl) (H2BDP) in N,N′-diethylformamide (DEF) at 130 °C generates the metal−organic framework Co(BDP)·2DEF·H2O (1). X-ray analysis reveals the structure of 1 to contain chains of tetrahedrally ligated Co2+ ions linked through BDP2− ligands to generate a three-dimensional framework with 10 × 10 A2 channels. Thermogravimetric data shows the framework to have a high thermal stability, and complete desolvation occurs upon heating at 170 °C under dynamic vacuum for two days to afford 1d. X-ray powder diffraction data indicates that 1d possesses a substantially different structure, but converts back to 1 upon exposure to DEF, consistent with the presence of a flexible framework. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms measured for 1d at 77 and 87 K reveal an unprecedented five-step adsorption process and a Langmuir surface area of 2670 m2/g. In addition, high-pressure H2 adsorption data reveal hysteretic uptake and release, with hysteresis loops of width ...
Using pascal in a fortran environment

The ability to use existing libraries is essential if a programming language is to be of practical value. This paper presents the experience gained in using Pascal in a Fortran environment and details the resolution of problems encountered in file communication, parameter passing and establishing default values under the condition of mixed language programming. It is concluded that Pascal is viable as a practical programming language, provided that EXTERN and FORTRAN procedures are implemented.
PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATION AND ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF GENETICALLY DIFFERENT SEASONAL POPULATIONS OF SKELETONEMA COSTATUM (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1

Clones of Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cl. isolated from Narragansett Bay, R.I., during different seasons were grouped according to their electrophoretic banding patterns. The growth rates, pg chlorophyll · cell−1, carbon uptake · cell−1· h−1, and carbon uptake · pg chl−1· h−1 were measured at 20°C, in a 14:10 h L:D cycle at 180 μE · m−2· s−1. Statistically significant sources of variation were found among groups of clones in growth rate, pg chl · cell−1, and carbon uptake · pg chl−1· h−1. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between the physiological characteristics of clones isolated from populations in different seasons and patterns of genetic variation inferred from the electrophoretic studies. However, genetic diversity detected by banding patterns tends to underestimate the total genetic diversity in natural populations. The groups of clones most common in summer bloom populations had significantly higher growth rates, lower values of pg chl · cell−1, and higher rates of carbon uptake · pg chl−1· h−1 at 20°C than did the group of clones most common in winter bloom populations. However, differences among groups in these parameters at 20°C alone cannot account for the seasonal cycling of genetically variable populations of Skeletonema in Narragansett Bay. The range of growth rates among clones of this species is 0.1–5.0 divisions · d−1 under a single set of temperature and light conditions. Chlorophyll concentrations range from 0.2–1.7 pg chl · cell−1 and carbon uptake · pg chl−1· h−1 varies by a factor of 7 among clones. The range of physiological variation in this species means that it is difficult to use laboratory studies of single clones to analyze the responses of natural populations of Skeletonema.
Why People e-File (or Don't e-File) Their Income Taxes

In 2005, 52% of taxpayers filed their federal returns electronically. This is far short of the IRS goal of having 80% of returns filed electronically by 2007. Using the e-commerce technology adoption literature, this exploratory study investigates factors that differentiate e-filers from non-e-filers. People who e-file perceived e-filing to be less useful measured as convenience, and less expensive than non-e-filers, with convenience making the greatest contribution. The results for perceived usefulness were unexpected. People who e-file also perceived e-filing to be safer but less easy-to-use than those who do not e-file; however, these variables were not significant discriminators of e-filers from those who did not e-file. As the costs associated with e-filing differentiate it from most other consumer e-commerce applications, this study contributes to the e-commerce technology adoption literature. Further, the findings suggest that the e-commerce adoption literature is an appropriate theoretical basis for studying adoption of e-government applications
Perturbation theory to plan dynamic locomotion in very rough terrains

Although the problem of dynamic locomotion in very rough terrain is critical to the advancement of various areas in robotics and health devices, little progress has been made on generalizing gait behavior with arbitrary paths. Here, we report that perturbation theory, a set of approximation schemes that has roots in celestial mechanics and non-linear dynamical systems, can be adapted to predict the behavior of non-integrable state-space trajectories of a robot's center of mass, given its arbitrary contact state and center of mass (CoM) kinematic path. Given an arbitrary kinematic path of the CoM and known step locations, we use perturbation theory to determine phase curves of CoM behavior. We determine step transitions as the points of intersection between adjacent phase curves. To discover intersection points, we fit polynomials to the phase curves of neighboring steps and solve their differential roots. The resulting multi-step phase diagram is the locomotion plan suited to drive the behavior of a robot or device maneuvering in the rough terrain. We provide two main contributions to legged locomotion: (1) predicting CoM state-space behavior for arbitrary paths by means of perturbation theory, and (2) finding step transitions by locating common intersection points between neighboring phase curves. Because these points are continuous in phase they correspond to the desired contact switching policy. We validate our results on a human-size avatar navigating in a very rough environment and compare its behavior to a human subject maneuvering through the same terrain.
Oral estrogen improves serum lipids, homocysteine and fibrinolysis in elderly men

The effects of estrogen on cardiovascular risk factors have been less well defined in men than in women. We measured lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, lipoprotein particle size distributions, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and markers of thrombosis and fibrinolysis in 22 healthy elderly men (age 7493 years, mean9 S.D.) before and after 9 weeks of treatment with 0.5, 1 or 2 mg:day of oral micronized 17b-estradiol. LDL-C (6%), apo B ( 9%), triglyceride ( 5%), and homocysteine (11%) concentrations decreased with estradiol, whereas HDL-C ( 14%) increased. Intermediate-size VLDL subclass concentrations were lowered and LDL and HDL subclass levels altered in such a way as to cause average LDL and HDL particle size to increase. Lipoprotein (a) did not change. Fibrinogen (13%) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations (26%) decreased, but there were no changes in thrombotic markers including thrombin-antithrombin III complex, prothrombin fragment 1.2, D-dimer, antithrombin activity, protein-C and S and von Willebrand factor antigen. Breast tenderness occurred in four men and heartburn in five but did not require discontinuation of treatment. We conclude that oral estrogen in men reduces homocysteine, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 concentrations and favorably influences VLDL, LDL and HDL subclass levels without increasing markers of thrombotic risk. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Sympathetic Resonance: A New Use for an Old Demonstration

I spent the 1972“73 academic year on sabbatical leave at the Kingston, Jamaica, campus of the University of the West Indies. One of my duties was to give Saturday morning enrichment lectures to the students, and the best one was on suspension bridges. The demonstration lecture then went on tour to high schools in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. During the course of the talk, I “built ”the suspension bridge in Fig. 1; this picture was published in the January 1974 issue of The Physics Teacher.1
Initial studies of steady inductive helicity injection on the HIT-SI experiment

The helicity-injected torus (HIT-SI) is designed to produce a "bow tie" spheromak, formed and sustained by steady inductive helicity injection (SIHI) current drive (Jarboe, 1999). SIHI is implemented via two "helicity injectors." Each injector acts as a 180/spl deg/ segment of a reversed-field pinch (RFP), with a typical peak current of 11 kA and a peak flux of 0.5 mWb. The toroidal loop voltage, toroidal injector plasma current, and toroidal flux of a single injector all oscillate sinusoidally at a frequency of 5 kHz and nearly in phase, so the single injector helicity injection rate and power input to the plasma are always positive. Operating the two injectors 90/spl deg/ out of phase in time provides nearly constant power input and helicity injection rate. To date, injector plasmas have been sustained in this manner for over 5 ms. An internal magnetic probe array has been installed in one of the injectors. Observations of the injector fields will be presented, illustrating the evolution of the field structure through the injector cycle.
Reactions to Safer-Sex Public Service Announcement Message Features: Attention, Perceptions of Realism, and Cognitive Responses

For this article, we conducted a qualitative investigation of participants’ reactions to five televised public service announcements (PSAs) that were aired as part of a large safer-sex mass media campaign to increase condom use among young adults. We conducted qualitative interviews (N = 139) to determine which features of PSAs participants thought were most effective in terms of attention and recall, perceived realism of characters and situations, and cognitive responses. Our analysis of the results highlights the importance of high-sensation-value messages for gaining attention as well as the critical role of personal relevance for enhancing perceptions of realism. Cognitive responses to PSAs were mostly positive, but there was evidence of third-person effects. That is, many participants indicated that the safer-sex messages were important for other people but not for themselves. We discuss the implications of our results for designing PSAs that are attention-catching, realistic, and persuasive.
Information-theoretic analysis of information hiding

An information-theoretic analysis of information hiding is presented, forming the theoretical basis for design of information-hiding systems. Information hiding is an emerging research area which encompasses applications such as copyright protection for digital media, watermarking, fingerprinting, steganography, and data embedding. In these applications, information is hidden within a host data set and is to be reliably communicated to a receiver. The host data set is intentionally corrupted, but in a covert way, designed to be imperceptible to a casual analysis. Next, an attacker may seek to destroy this hidden information, and for this purpose, introduce additional distortion to the data set. Side information (in the form of cryptographic keys and/or information about the host signal) may be available to the information hider and to the decoder. We formalize these notions and evaluate the hiding capacity, which upper-bounds the rates of reliable transmission and quantifies the fundamental tradeoff between three quantities: the achievable information-hiding rates and the allowed distortion levels for the information hider and the attacker. The hiding capacity is the value of a game between the information hider and the attacker. The optimal attack strategy is the solution of a particular rate-distortion problem, and the optimal hiding strategy is the solution to a channel-coding problem. The hiding capacity is derived by extending the Gel'fand-Pinsker (1980) theory of communication with side information at the encoder. The extensions include the presence of distortion constraints, side information at the decoder, and unknown communication channel. Explicit formulas for capacity are given in several cases, including Bernoulli and Gaussian problems, as well as the important special case of small distortions. In some cases, including the last two above, the hiding capacity is the same whether or not the decoder knows the host data set. It is shown that many existing information-hiding systems in the literature operate far below capacity.
Aerosol Medications for Treatment of Mucus Clearance Disorders

Airway mucus hypersecretion and secretion retention can result from inflammation, irritation, stimulation, or mucus-producing tumors. Secretion clearance can be furthered hampered by ciliary dysfunction and by weakness or restrictive lung disease, leading to an ineffective cough. There are a number of different mucoactive medications that have been used to reduce hypersecretion, make secretions easier to transport, or increase the efficiency of cough or mucus clearance. In this paper, I review the pathophysiology of secretory hyper-responsiveness and mucus hypersecretion and discuss the different aerosol medications that can be used to augment secretion clearance.
Aspects of the Biology of Salicornia bigelovii Torr. In Relation to a Proposed Restoration of a Wind-Tidal Flat System on the South Texas, USA Coast

Wind-tidal flats are the dominant coastal wetland type in southern Texas, USA. Succulent vascular plants are colonizing the flats in some locations, often where past dredge disposal along navigation channels and other activities have interrupted natural water communication between hypersaline bays and large areas of wind-tidal flats. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of proposed removal of a causeway at Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge to restore the historic hydrologic regime and eradicate encroaching vascular plants, mostly Salicornia bigelovii, on the assumption that high sediment salt excluded these vascular plants under natural conditions. Assessment in spring 1998 of the density of Salicornia in relation to elevation and sediment salt of bare and vegetated zones on the vegetated flats on one side of the causeway and entirely barren flats with unimpaired connection to Laguna Madre on the other side of the causeway suggested that sediment salt > 0.1 g ml−1 excluded vascular plants. However, bimonthly sampling in 1999–2000 revealed that sediment salt concentrations were > 0.1 g ml−1 throughout the vegetated zone in July and more locally in the period of winter low water, with little impairment to established plants. This indicates that if control is desired, it must be exerted at germination and early establishment during and after fall high water. Continuous monitoring of water levels on either side of the causeway suggests that, even with removal of the causeway, flooding with hypersaline lagoon water will be too infrequent to counteract the freshening effect of a permanent hydraulic connection to the main agricultural drain of the lower Rio Grande Valley that has developed at the other end of the salt flat. Monitoring Salicornia distribution over six years documented huge variation between years but no trend toward increasing dominance of the flats. The results of this study illustrate that the most obvious alterations to a site may not be the most influential on function and that the scale of analysis may have to extend far beyond the site in space and time to evaluate a proposed restoration properly.
Heterogeneity and microtubule interaction of the CHO1 antigen, a mitosis-specific kinesin-like protein. Analysis of subdomains expressed in insect sf9 cells

The CHO1 antigen is a mitosis-specific kinesin-like motor located at the interzonal region of the spindle. The human cDNA coding for the antigen contains a domain with sequence similarity to the motor domain of kinesin-like protein (Nislow et al., Nature 359, 543, 1992). Here we cloned cDNAs encoding the CHO1 antigen by immunoscreening of a CHO Uni-Zap expression library, the same species in which the original monoclonal antibody was raised. cDNAs of CHO cells encode a 953 amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 109 kDa. The N-terminal 73% of the antigen was 87% identical to the human clone, whereas the remaining 27% of the coding region showed only 48% homology. Insect Sf9 cells infected with baculovirus containing the full-length insert produced 105 and 95 kDa polypeptides, the same doublet identified as the original antigen in CHO cells. Truncated polypeptides corresponding to the N-terminal motor and C-terminal tail produced a 56 and 54 kDa polypeptide in Sf9 cells, respectively. Full and N-terminal proteins co-sedimented with, and caused bundling of, brain microtubules in vitro, whereas the C-terminal polypeptide did not. Cells expressing the N terminus formed one or more cytoplasmic processes. Immunofluorescence as well as electron microscopic observations revealed the presence of thick bundles of microtubules, which were closely packed, forming a marginal ring just beneath the cell membrane and a core in the processes. The diffusion coefficient and sedimentation coefficient were determined for the native CHO1 antigen by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intercarrier Compensation and Universal Service

Reform of federal programs and regulations that subsidize phone companies in rural areas is a perennial topic of debate at the Federal Communications Commission and in Congress. Economic analysys suggests several principles that would lead to a reform plan most conducive to overall consumer welfare: (1) minimize charges on services whose demand is price-sensitive, (2) use fixed charges to recover fixed costs, (3) eliminate hidden cross-subsidies between different groups of customers, and (4) reduce incentives for waste and inefficiency. This paper employs these principles to assess three alternative reform proposals considered by the FCC in late 2008. It was originally submitted as a comment in the FCC's proceedings on intercarrier compensation and universal service in November 2008.
Resilience from coastal protection

Coastal areas are important residential, commercial and industrial areas; but coastal hazards can pose significant threats to these areas. Shoreline/coastal protection elements, both built structures such as breakwaters, seawalls and revetments, as well as natural features such as beaches, reefs and wetlands, are regular features of a coastal community and are important for community safety and development. These protection structures provide a range of resilience to coastal communities. During and after disasters, they help to minimize damages and support recovery; during non-disaster times, the values from shoreline elements shift from the narrow focus on protection. Most coastal communities have limited land and resources and few can dedicate scarce resources solely for protection. Values from shore protection can and should expand to include environmental, economic and social/cultural values. This paper discusses the key aspects of shoreline protection that influence effective community resilience and protection from disasters. This paper also presents ways that the economic, environmental and social/cultural values of shore protection can be evaluated and quantified. It presents the Coastal Community Hazard Protection Resilience (CCHPR) Index for evaluating the resilience capacity to coastal communities from various protection schemes and demonstrates the use of this Index for an urban beach in San Francisco, CA, USA.
Medication errors in a pharmacy-coordinated drug administration program

The medication error rate in a pharmacy-coordinated drug administration program was determined. During a five-week study period, two pharmacy interns observed pharmacy technicians administering medications to patients on five nursing units. Observations were made from 0800 to 1200 and from 1700 to 2100, Monday through Friday. The ASHP Standard Definition of a Medication Error served as the basis for the classification of medication errors. A total of 2028 usable observations were made. The predominant type of error was wrong-time error. The overall medication error rate was 4.4%; excluding wrong-time errors yielded a medication error rate of 1.6%. Comparison of this medication error rate with those of other studies must be made cautiously, with consideration given to methods, study objectives, and definitions.
AMPK activation and metabolic reprogramming by tamoxifen through estrogen receptor-independent mechanisms suggests new uses for this therapeutic modality in cancer treatment

Tamoxifen is the most widely used adjuvant chemotherapeutic for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, yet a large body of clinical and preclinical data indicates that tamoxifen can modulate multiple cellular processes independently of ER status. Here, we describe the ER-independent effects of tamoxifen on tumor metabolism. Using combined pharmacologic and genetic knockout approaches, we demonstrate that tamoxifen inhibits oxygen consumption via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, resulting in an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio and activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo AMPK in turn promotes glycolysis and alters fatty acid metabolism. We also show that tamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity is modulated by isoform-specific effects of AMPK signaling, in which AMPKα1 promotes cell death through inhibition of the mTOR pathway and translation. By using agents that concurrently target distinct adaptive responses to tamoxifen-mediated metabolic reprogramming, we demonstrate increased cytotoxicity through synergistic therapeutic approaches. Our results demonstrate novel metabolic perturbations by tamoxifen in tumor cells, which can be exploited to expand the therapeutic potential of tamoxifen treatment beyond ER(+) breast cancer. Cancer Res; 76(11); 3295-306. ©2016 AACR.
Indian Giving: Economies of Power in Indian-White Exchanges

Whether they involved goods, words or ideas, acts of giving and trading were fundamental in early Indian-white contacts. But how did these transactions function across the two cultures, and what did they mean to each? In this book, David Murray explores a range of early exchanges between Europeans and Indians, showing how they operated within a set of interlocking economies - lingusitic, religious, as well as material. Murray begins by examining the crucial role of gift-giving. Like the double function of the key, which both locks and unlocks, the gift - with its simultaneous action of offering something and demanding a return - expressed the paradoxical nature of early Indian-white encounters. Because the power to give was associated with ideas of sovereignty, both sides often preferred to represent exchanges as gift-giving rather than trading or selling. To illustrate the complexities of these cross-cultural transactions, the author looks closely at the work of linguist, trader and missionary Roger Williams, whose ""A Key into the Languages of America"" at once serves the purposes of translation, conversion and trade. Murray also examines the changing meaning and representation of wampum, the quintessential medium of exchange in the early colonial period, as well as the multiple processes of conversion taking place as Christian ideas were incorporated into Indian cultures. According to the author, only by recognizing the ways in which objects and ideas circulated and took on value in interrelated economies can we understand the contested ""middle ground"" between Europeans and Indians of the colonial Northeast.
Reduced Order Modeling for a One-Dimensional Nozzle Flow with Moving Shocks

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) has been used with great success to produce accurate Reduced Order Models (ROMs) for low-speed flow fields. The application of POD/ROM to low-speed flow control, aeroelastic analysis, and iterative design is currently an active field of research. The goal of this paper is to analyze the utility of POD/ROM for accurate modeling of high-speed flows with moving shock waves. The potential for the use of POD in high-speed design analysis and control applications warrants this inquiry. The challenge to using POD for high-speed flows is presented by the presence of discontinuities in the flow field. The ability of POD/ROM to model a high-speed quasi 1-D nozzle flow is analyzed. The quasi 1-D nozzle contains a standing shock which can be moved by varying boundary parameters or the ratio of specific heats (7) in the flow field. The accuracy of POD/ROM in modeling this flow field is quantified. The robustness of the POD/ROM to varying flow parameters is explored. Finally, a domain decomposition approach for reduced order modeling of shocked flows with POD is developed, and its performance is quantified.^
Is a ventilator-associated pneumonia rate of zero really possible?

Purpose of reviewThe increasing number of hospitals reporting ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rates at or close to zero begs the question of whether zero should become the national benchmark for VAP. This article explores the significance of very low VAP rates, reviews differences in surveilla
University to Promote the Cultural Heritage of Innovation: the Contemporary Circumstances,Principles and Approaches

Facing the unique cultural and ecological during society in transition,Role and significance of university to promote the cultural heritage of innovation in the contemporary context is becoming increasingly important.University culture,once formed,will become the spiritual strength to achieve the mission and goals,become a source of social influence.Promote the the university cultural heritage innovation,Firstly,apply the philosophy of "educating people" in the University of cultural innovation;Secondly,the university culture have cohesion and lofty value orientation in the internal and have charisma and spirit charm in the external;Thirdly,concerned about system innovation and cultural innovation fit.
Optimization of the Rapid Purity Identification System of Hybrid Rice Seeds by Using SSR Markers

To overcome the limiting factors in the commercialization of the existing rapid purity identification system of hybrid rice seeds by using SSR markers,the studies were conducted on the improvement of the technology system in the aspects of DNA extraction,PCR amplification procedure and gel electrophoresis.After optimization,the time for DNA extraction,PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis was decreased from 300,200 and 180~210 minutes to 2.5,65 and 60 minutes,respectively.Meanwhile,the cost was greatly reduced and the pollution to the environment was abated by cutting down the dosage of dNTP and Taq DNA polymerase,and reusing the gelose gel.Therefore,an optimized accurate,simple,rapid and low costing technical system of fast purity identification of hybrid rice seeds was established.
Le gouvernement du social au Maroc

In 2005 King Mohammed VI inaugurated a wide-ranging quality-of-life programme, Initiative Nationale pour le Developpement Humain (INDH), that intended to overcome poverty and upgrade the environmen...
Quality of life after quitting smoking and initiating aerobic exercise.

AbstractQuitting smoking and aerobic exercise each improve health. Although smokers may be concerned that quitting smoking will reduce their quality of life (QOL), recent research has shown that cessation is associated with QOL benefits. Elements of smoking cessation interventions, such as exercise, may contribute to changes in QOL. However, it is unknown whether initiating exercise in the context of smoking cessation is associated with greater or different effects on QOL than smoking cessation alone. The current study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial (n = 61) of an exercise intervention for smoking cessation. We hypothesized that smoking abstinence and engagement in exercise would have positive, additive effects on QOL at end-of-treatment, 6- and, 12-month follow-ups. Sedentary adult smokers were randomized to the exercise intervention or a health education control (HEC) group. Additionally, all participants received smoking cessation counseling and nicotine patches. Data were anal...
Anesthetic Considerations for Angelman Syndrome: Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background Angelman syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, severe speech impairment, ataxia, seizures, happy demeanor, distinctive craniofacial features, high vagal tone, and gamma-amino butyric acid receptor abnormalities. The aim of this report is to review our experience of patients with Angelman syndrome undergoing anesthetic management. Methods We retrospectively reviewed perioperative course of patients with Angelman syndrome who underwent procedures under anesthesia from 2000 to 2016. Results Six patients with Angelman syndrome underwent 18 procedures; 14 performed under general anesthesia, and 4 with monitored anesthetic care, many for minor procedures (e.g., dental and diagnostic). Five patients had profound developmental delay and were nonverbal and 4 of them had epilepsy. The perioperative courses were uncomplicated except a 2 year-old girl having an intraoperative bronchospasm, a 16 year-old girl requiring flumazenil administration, and 28 year-old man who was electively intubated with a videolaryngoscope because of airway management concerns. No patients were documented as having postoperative pain. Conclusions Angelman syndrome patients often require anesthesia for relatively innocuous procedures, and their speech impairment and happy demeanor can confound postoperative pain assessment. Patients can have atypical responses to benzodiazepines. Craniofacial abnormalities can complicate airway management. Although not encountered in this series, anesthesiologists need to be aware that Angelman syndrome patients have developed malignant bradydysrhythmias while anesthetized.
A Peircean Perspective on Integrating Economics and Evolutionary Theory

… Peirce’s philosophical approach provides a powerful conceptual framework which allows integrating different scientific disciplines, in particular Thermodynamics, Information Theory, and Evolution...