cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of polydeoxynucleotides using chemically modified subunits

Abstract New approaches have been explored for enzymatic preparation of polydeoxynucleotides involving a variety of chemically synthesized 5′-triphosphates. Calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase utilized N4-acetyldeoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate, N6-isobutyryldeoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate and deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate to form polymers. Triphosphates found to be unreactive were arabinosylcytosine 5′-triphosphate and pp(dT)5; 3′-O-acetyldeoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate failed to give the desired single terminal addition. When pp(dT)5 was used to initiate polymerization of deoxythymidine 5′-triphosphate, reaction occurred with retention of the 5′-terminal triphosphate group. This group was shown to be further retained during a successful replication reaction employing calf thymus DNA polymerase.
Stability of hybrid systems

Hybrid systems combine discrete and continuous behavior. We study properties of trajectories of a rectangular hybrid system in which the discrete state goes through a loop. This system is viable if there exists an infinite trajectory starting from some state. We show that the system is viable if and only if it has a limit cycle or fixed point. The set of fixed points is a polyhedron. The viability kernel may not be a polyhedron. However, under a “controllability” condition, the viability kernel is a polyhedron.
White matter alterations in cognitively normal apoE ε2 carriers: insight into Alzheimer resistance?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The basis for decreased vulnerability to AD among apoE ɛ2 carriers is unknown. The purpose of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging to detect possible differences in white matter integrity between cognitively normal elderly apoE ɛ2 carriers and apoE ɛ3/ɛ3 controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine cognitively normal elderly individuals (19 heterozygous carriers of the apoE ɛ2 allele, 20 apoE ɛ3/ɛ3 subjects as controls) underwent diffusion tensor MR imaging on a 4T scanner. Fractional anisotropy, MD, and axial and radial diffusivity were compared using a ROI approach. In addition, an exploratory whole-brain analysis of fractional anisotropy between the 2 groups was undertaken using TBSS. RESULTS: apoE ɛ2 carriers had higher FA in the posterior cingulate white matter ( P = .01) and anterior corpus callosum ( P = .005) than apoE ɛ3/ɛ3 controls, secondary to lower radial diffusivity. No significant differences in the FA of the posterior corpus callosum, anterior cingulate white matter, or parahippocampal white matter were seen. Whole-brain TBSS analysis detected regions of higher FA in the apoE ɛ2 group in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, right thalamus, and the bilateral anterior limbs of the internal capsule, in addition to the posterior cingulum and corpus callosum ( P CONCLUSIONS: apoE ɛ2 carriers harbor more robust white matter integrity that may be associated with decreased vulnerability to developing AD. This provides further evidence that regional DTI metrics may serve as early imaging biomarkers of AD risk.
Response characteristics of inelastic 2-DOF primary-secondary system

Dynamic analysis of primary‐secondary systems with consideration of inelastic response has recently become an important issue in the design of civil engineering structures. The purpose of this paper is to develop a fundamental understanding of the response of such systems to wide‐band input. Previous research on linear response has shown that two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) primary‐secondary systems contain most of the essential properties of more general systems, yet are sufficiently simple to allow derivation of analytical expressions that mathematically quantify and characterize these properties. In this paper, these results are combined with nonlinear random vibrations theory to examine how nonlinear response differs from linear response. By assuming moderately small nonlinearities, perturbation methods are used to develop analytical expressions for wide‐band nonlinear response. The results show that small nonlinearities results in significant reduction of the response. In the final section of the paper...
Stepwise methane steam reforming : a route to CO-free hydrogen

A method for the production of clean hydrogen is demonstrated. The process consists of two steps involving the decomposition of methane to CO-free hydrogen and surface carbon in the first step followed by steam gasification of this surface carbon in the second step. This process can be operated in cycles and could be an excellent hydrogen source for fuel cells and other devices or processes requiring CO-free hydrogen.
CFTR Function and Prospects for Therapy

Mutations in the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) epithelial anion channel cause cystic fibrosis (CF). The multidomain integral membrane glycoprotein, a member of the adenine nucleotide-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, conserved in metazoan salt-transporting tissues, is required to control ion and fluid homeostasis on epithelial surfaces. This review considers different therapeutic strategies that have arisen from knowledge of CFTR structure and function as well as its biosynthetic processing, intracellular trafficking, and turnover.
Prelude to populism Mass electoral support for the Grange and Greenback parties

This article uses underutilized individual-level data to examine who supported two third parties, the Grange and Greenbackers, in the final decades of the nineteenth century. We find that Greenbackers attracted individuals employed in non-agrarian occupations and others who were wealthier compared to major party voters. However, the Grange principally appealed to farmers, indicating third parties that are believed to have appealed to similar constituencies often appealed to different electoral groups. Both the Grange and the Greenbackers appealed to voters lacking strong ethnocultural identifications with either major party.
Ten-year Echo-Doppler evaluation of forearm circulation following radial artery removal for coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective: To investigate the chronic consequences of radial artery removal for coronary artery bypass surgery on the forearm circulation. Methods: Thirty-ninepatients submitted to radial artery removal for coronaryartery bypass were submitted to serial Echo-Doppler evaluationof the flow and morphology of the forearm arteries until 10 years follow-up. Results: The peak systolic velocity of the ulnar artery of the operated side was significantly higher than the control site. The intima-media thickness of the ulnar artery was always significantly higher on the operated side, and this difference reached statistical significance at 10 years follow-up. There was a significantly higher prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques in the ulnar artery (UA) of the operated versus control arm (11/39 vs 0/39; p = 0.005). Conclusions: Radial artery removal for coronary artery bypass surgery leads to a chronic increase in ulnar flow accompanied by increased intima-media thickness and accelerated atherosclerotic disease. These findings may have potentially important implications for surgical indications and patients management. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Clinical status of agents being developed for leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis, which exists in both visceral and cutaneous forms, is currently treated with intramuscular antimony or intravenous amphotericin B. The primary unmet need is for oral therapy. Of the several drugs in clinical development, miltefosine is unique in being an oral agent with efficacy against both forms of the disease. Sitamaquine is an oral agent with substantial but not sufficient efficacy against visceral disease. Oral fluconazole has been shown to be more effective than placebo in one instance: for Leishmania major cutaneous disease from Saudi Arabia. Paromomycin is in widespread trial. Topical paromomycin formulations are being tested for cutaneous disease, and intramuscular paromomycin is in Phase III trial for Indian visceral disease. The most likely replacements for present therapy are oral miltefosine for many of the visceral and cutaneous syndromes, intramuscular paromomycin for visceral disease and topical paromomycin for some forms of cutaneous disease.
Childhood Experience, Interpersonal Development, and Reproductive Strategy: An Evolutionary Theory of Socialization.

The concept of "reproductive strategy" drawn from the field of behavioral ecology is applied to the study of childhood experience and interpersonal development in order to develop an evolutionary theory of socialization. The theory is presented in terms of 2 divergent development pathways considered to promote reproductive success in the contexts in which they have arisen. One is characterized, in childhood, by a stressful rearing environment and the development of insecure attachments to parents and subsequent behavior problems; in adolescence by early pubertal development and precocious sexuality; and, in adulthood, by unstable pair bonds and limited investment in child rearing, whereas the other is characterized by the opposite. The relation between this theory and prevailing theories of socialization, specifically, attachment, social-learning, and discrete-emotions theory, is considered and research consistent with our evolutionary theory is reviewed. Finally, directions for future research are discussed.
Parasites of Fishes in the Colorado River and Selected Tributaries in Grand Canyon, Arizona

abstract: As part of the endangered humpback chub (HBC; Gila cypha) Adaptive Management Program, a parasite survey was conducted from 28 June to 17 July 2006 in 8 tributaries and 7 adjacent sections of the main stem of the Colorado River, U.S.A. In total, 717 fish were caught, including 24 HBC. Field necropsies yielded 19 parasite species, 5 of which (Achtheres sp., Kathlaniidae gen. sp., Caryophyllaidae gen. sp., Myxidium sp., and Octomacrum sp.) are new records for Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S.A. Spearman's correlation coefficient analyses showed no correlations between parasite burden and fork length for various combinations of fish and parasite species. Regression analyses suggest that no parasite species had a strong effect on fish length. The most diverse parasite community (n = 14) was at river kilometer (Rkm) 230, near the confluence of Kanab Creek. The most diverse parasite infracommunity (n = 12) was found in the non-native channel catfish (CCF; Ictaluris punctatus). Overall parasite prevalen...
Pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broilers caused by Enterococcus faecalis.

A field strain of Enterococcus faecalis was administered to broiler chicks at doses of 0, 3 × 106, 1.5 × 107, and 2 × 107 bacteria/bird either intra-abdominally or intravenously. In trials 1 to 3, birds were reared communally in a broiler house on pine shaving litter. In trial 4, challenged and control birds were maintained in separate isolation rooms in metal cages with raised wire floors. Challenged birds exhibited a characteristic cavity or depression in the external wall of the right ventricle. A subjective scoring system was devised to quantify challenge effects by assigning each heart a score of 1 to 4. The average number of birds, over all trials and over all dose levels, exhibiting the ventricular cavity was 93%. This value in controls was 5%. The average heart score for challenged birds was 3.1, and that for controls was 0.20. Heart scores of challenged and control chicks were not different in birds reared communally or in separate isolation rooms. Additionally, both routes of administration were equally effective. Results suggest that challenge with E. faecalis caused pulmonary hypertension.
Robust Confidence Interval for a Ratio of Standard Deviations

Comparing variability of test scores across alternate forms, test conditions, or subpopulations is a fundamental problem in psychometrics. A confidence interval for a ratio of standard deviations is proposed that performs as well as the classic method with normal distributions and performs dramatically better with nonnormal distributions. A simple and accurate sample size planning formula is proposed for estimating a ratio of standard deviations with desired confidence and precision.
Imaging pitfalls of pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm and its potential mimickers

The aim of this article is to clarify diagnostic pitfalls of pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm (SCN) that may result in erroneous characterization. Usual and unusual imaging findings of SCN as well as potential SCN mimickers are presented. The diagnostic key of SCN is to look for a cluster of microcysts (honeycomb pattern), which may not be always found in the center. Fibrosis in SCN may be mistaken for a mural nodule of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). The absence of cyst wall enhancement may be helpful to distinguish SCN from mucinous cystic neoplasm. However, oligocystic SCN and branch duct type IPMN may morphologically overlap. In addition, solid serous adenoma, an extremely rare variant of SCN, is difficult to distinguish from neuroendocrine tumor.
THE FUNDING OF ECONOMICS RESEARCH: DOES SOCIAL CAPITAL MATTER FOR SUCCESS AT THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION?

Utilizing data on research proposals submitted to the National Science Foundation (NSF) Economics Program over a 5-year period, this paper examines whether the social capital stock of grant applicants enhances their access to research resources by increasing the probability of being awarded a research grant. We estimate latent-variable specifications of the NSF decision to fund a research proposal. Our results show that, given ability, being a National Bureau of Economic Research associate increases the probability of a research proposal being funded. We interpret this as being consistent with the hypothesized causal effects of social capital.
Comparison of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Measurements at 3.0 T versus 1.5 T with and without Parallel Imaging

The diffusion properties of biological tissues are independent of magnetic field strength. Field strength, however, does affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and artifacts of diffusion-weighted (DW) images, which ultimately will influence the quantitative and spatial accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In this article, the effects of field strength on DTI are reviewed. The effects of parallel imaging also are discussed. A small study comparing DTI measurements both as a function of field strength (1.5 T and 3.0 T) and parallel imaging was performed. Overall, the SNR of the DW images roughly doubled going from 1.5 T to 3.0 T, and there was a relatively small decrease in SNR (15% to 30%) when parallel imaging was used. The increased SNR at 3.0 T resulted in smaller variances in the estimated mean diffusivities and fractional anisotropies. As expected, the amount of echo-planar image distortion roughly doubled going from 1.5 T to 3.0 T, but was reduced by 50% when using parallel imaging. In summary, DTI studies at 3.0 T using parallel imaging will provide significantly improved DTI measurements relative to studies at 1.5 T.
Quit for keeps: tailored smoking cessation guides for pregnancy and beyond.

Although health care providers appear to be an obvious choice for delivering smoking cessation education, they often lack the resources, training, and time to provide anything more than a recommendation to quit and generic pamphlets for reinforcement. Traditionally, this type of material is designed to include information for many potential users, thus making it difficult for an individual to find the pieces most relevant to them. In contrast, tailored print materials provide only information which is relevant to a subject, making it far more usable. One study assessing tailored print messages found a threefold increase in cessation rates among patients in a family practice setting, four months after receipt of tailored versus untailored smoking cessation messages.1 Numerous other studies, targeting a number of different populations, have also shown that tailored messages are an effective intervention for smoking cessation.2 In tailoring, we use individual patient responses to select only relevant behaviour change messages. These messages provide information specific to an individual's needs and interests and can reinforce messages from health professionals. Because they are personalised, tailored materials offer a potentially superior alternative to generic materials designed to reach a broad audience. Quit for Keeps used a pre-test/post-test experimental design to test the effects of tailored interventions on pregnant smokers. Participants in this study included 92 women enrolled at the Taubman obstetrics and gynaecology (ob/gyn) clinic at the University of Michigan and 81 women enrolled at the ob/gyn clinic at the University of North Carolina hospital from December 1996 to December 1997. Eligible participants were those who reported having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who were either still smoking or had quit since becoming pregnant. Subjects were screened for eligibility during the New to the Nurse orientation program in North Carolina or during their first pre-natal …
A unified approach on fast training of feedforward and recurrent networks using EM algorithm

In this work, we provide a theoretical framework that unifies the notions of hidden representations and moving targets through the expectation and maximization (EM) algorithm. Based on such a framework, two fast training algorithms can be derived consistently for both feedforward networks and recurrent networks.
RCSB PDB Mobile: iOS and Android mobile apps to provide data access and visualization to the RCSB Protein Data Bank

Summary: The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) resource provides tools for query, analysis and visualization of the 3D structures in the PDB archive. As the mobile Web is starting to surpass desktop and laptop usage, scientists and educators are beginning to integrate mobile devices into their research and teaching. In response, we have developed the RCSB PDB Mobile app for the iOS and Android mobile platforms to enable fast and convenient access to RCSB PDB data and services. Using the app, users from the general public to expert researchers can quickly search and visualize biomolecules, and add personal annota
Image retrieval by inter-media fusion and pseudo-relevance feedback

This paper presents our participation at the ImageCLEF Photo 2008 task. We submitted six runs, experimenting with our own block-based visual retrieval as well as with query expansion. The results we obtained show that despite the poor performance of the visual and text retrieval components, better results can be obtained through pseudorelevance feedback and the inter-media fusion of the results.
Beyond resource mobilization: Emerging trends in social movement theory.

Resource mobilization theory became the dominant paradigm for studying social movements in the 1970s because it was better able to account for the 1960s cycle of protest than previous theories of collective behavior. After almost two decades of theoretical development, the resource mobilization framework is now under increasing challenge. Drawing on research on women's movements in the United States, this article identifies ten issues which collectively pose a major theoretical challenge to the dominance of resource mobilization theory and which may initiate a paradigm shift to a new framework for the study of social movements.
Reactive oxygen species regulate F‐actin dynamics in neuronal growth cones and neurite outgrowth

Reactive oxygen species are well known for their damaging effects due to oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA that ultimately result in cell death. Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species also have important signaling functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, cell motility and apoptosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis whether reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in regulating F-actin structure and dynamics in neuronal growth cones. Lowering cytoplasmic levels of reactive oxygen species with a free radical scavenger, N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone, or by inhibiting specific sources of reactive oxygen species, such as NADPH oxidases or lipoxygenases, reduced the F-actin content in the peripheral domain of growth cones. Fluorescent speckle microscopy revealed that these treatments caused actin assembly inhibition, reduced retrograde actin flow and increased contractility of actin structures in the transition zone referred to as arcs, possibly by activating the Rho pathway. Reduced levels of reactive oxygen species ultimately resulted in disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton. When neurons were cultured overnight in conditions of reduced free radicals, growth cone formation and neurite outgrowth were severely impaired. Therefore, we conclude that physiological levels of reactive oxygen species are critical for maintaining a dynamic F-actin cytoskeleton and controlling neurite outgrowth.
WLAN and ad-hoc network coexistence

Wireless communication is not only one of the fastest growing technologies; it is also one of the more important technologies in the field of networking. The phenomenal growth this technology has seen in recent years has been due to the ease of implementation. Advancements in wireless technology have made it possible to deploy wireless communication networks in both infrastructured as well as ad-hoc environments. Due to the nature of these networks, the possibility of these networks coexisting with one another cannot be denied. While there have been several studies conducted to test the performance of a purely infrastructured network or a purely ad-hoc network, the paper explores the issues related to a hybrid wireless network environment with both infrastructured and ad-hoc networks in close proximity. Preliminary results indicate substantial performance deterioration for the participating nodes in such a hybrid network compared to the individual networks.
Induction of cyclin D2 in rat granulosa cells requires FSH-dependent relief from FOXO1 repression coupled with positive signals from Smad

Ovarian follicles undergo exponential growth in response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), largely as a result of the proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs). In vitro under serum-free conditions, rat GCs differentiate in response to FSH but do not proliferate unless activin is also present. In the presence of FSH plus activin, GCs exhibit enhanced expression of cyclin D2 as well as inhibin-alpha, aromatase, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), cholesterol side chain (SCC), and epiregulin. In this report we sought to identify the signaling pathways by which FSH and activin promote GC proliferation and differentiation. Our results show that these responses are associated with prolonged Akt phosphorylation relative to time-matched controls and are dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and Smad2/3 signaling, based on the ability of the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or infection with adenoviral dominant negative Smad3 (DN-Smad3) mutant to attenuate induction of cyclin D2, inhibin-alpha, aromatase, SCC, SF-1, and epiregulin. The DN-Smad3 mutant also abolished prolonged Akt phosphorylation stimulated by FSH plus activin 24 h post-treatment. Infection with the adenoviral constitutively active forkhead box-containing protein, O subfamily (FOXO)1 mutant suppressed induction of cyclin D2, aromatase, inhibin-alpha, SF-1, and epiregulin. Transient transfections of GCs with constitutively active FOXO1 mutant also suppressed cyclin D2, inhibin-alpha, and epiregulin promoter-reporter activities. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results demonstrate in vivo the association of FOXO1 with the cyclin D2 promoter in untreated GCs and release of FOXO1 from the cyclin D2 promoter upon addition of FSH plus activin. These results suggest that proliferation and differentiation of GCs in response to FSH plus activin requires both removal of FOXO1-dependent repression and positive signaling from Smad2/3.
Abstract MP25: Is Surgical Menopause Associated With Future Cardiovascular Risk Factors Independent Of Antecedent Levels? The Cardia Study

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare changes in selected CVD risk factors prior to and after natural or surgical (hysterectomy with or without bilateral oophorectomy) menopause. Methods: Data were obtained from women aged 18 to 30 years at baseline without hysterectomy enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study and followed for 25 years. Piecewise linear mixed effects models were used to examine changes in waist circumference (WC) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) from baseline to index visit (first visit after the date of natural or surgical menopause) and after index visit to the end of observation. Results: During follow up, 639 women reached natural menopause (NM), 304 reported hysterectomy with one or both ovaries conserved (HO) and 153 reported hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy (HBO). Baseline mean values of WC were 73.9, 76.4, 75.9 cm, p=0.005 for NM, HO, and HBO respectively while those for HDL-c were 57.6, 54.6, 54.2 mg/dL, p=0.001. After adjustmen...
Sharp Kolmogorov Inequalities in WrHα(ℝ)

Let m, r: 0 < m ≤ r, be integers. In this chapter we first describe the discrete family of Chebyshev ω-splines extremal in the problem $$ {{f}^{{(m)}}}(0) \to \sup ,\quad f \in {{W}^{\tau }}{{H}^{\omega }}[ - 1,1],\quad {{\left\| f \right\|}_{{\mathbb{C}[ - 1,1]}}} \leqslant B, $$ (P.1) for certain choices of B and all concave modulii of continuity ω. Then, we characterize the extremal functions in the problem $$ {{\left\| {{{f}^{{(m)}}}} \right\|}_{{\mathbb{L}\infty \left( \mathbb{R} \right)}}} \to \sup ,\quad f \in {{W}^{\tau }}{{H}^{\alpha }}(\mathbb{R}),\quad {{\left\| f \right\|}_{{\mathbb{L}\infty \left( \mathbb{R} \right)}}} \leqslant B, $$ (P.2) for all B > 0 and α ∈ (0,1].
Qatar’s Natural Sustainability: Plans, Perceptions, and Pitfalls

CIRS publishes original research on a variety of topics of relevance to the Middle East in general and to the Gulf region in particular.
Vortex collisions and energy-dissipation rates in the Ginzburg-Landau heat flow Part II: The dynamics

We deduce from the first part of this paper \cite{part1} estimates on the energy-dissipation rates for solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau heat-flow, which allow to study various phenomena occurring in this flow, among which vortex-collisions; allowing in particular to extend the dynamical law of vortices passed collisions.
Urological Complications of Cyclophosphamide

Complication frequente de la cyclophosphamide: la cystite hemorragique. Article de synthese sur la toxicite de la cyclophosphamide et sur les preventions et traitements possibles de ces complications
Reynolds Number Scalability for Separation Control on a Laminar Airfoil

Wind tunnel tests are performed on a NACA 643-618 airfoil over a Reynolds number range of 0.06-4.0x10 in order to study several aspects of a laminar airfoil. Studies of blowing flow control and the effect of Reynolds number are the major topics of this effort. The tools used for investigation are surface pressure measurements for lift and wake surveys for drag. Preliminary testing at Re = 64,000 determined that four distinct flow regimes exist with respect to angle of attack: weak laminar separation, moderate laminar separation, laminar separation bubble, and strong leading edge laminar separation. A portion of the study investigates the cause of such dynamic flow physics. Attempts are then made to employ blowing to induce or imitate the laminar separation bubble. By creating the laminar separation bubble, significant lift increase and drag reduction are realized over a broader range of angles of attack. Normal, steady blowing is used because it is a well-characterized device that limits the number of parameters to be varied. Lift is increased significantly and separation is delayed for most cases, where attempts are made to describe the physical mechanisms that induce change. It is observed that the optimal blowing ratio changes between angle of attack regimes because different flow physics are required to induce a change. Studies of Reynolds number scaling found that the lift increased and drag decreased as Reynolds number increased. Importantly noted is that the laminar separation bubble becomes naturally effective at most angles of attack by Re = 180,000. Therefore, the value of flow control diminishes except in regions where strong leading edge separation is the limiting element of the airfoil. This research suggests that the laminar airfoil can be controlled in an energy efficient manner such that high performance is gained across all flight regimes with straightforward actuation.
Idiopathic pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery mimicking pigmented villonodular synovitis

Pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery is uncommon and is usually associated with a history of trauma to the vessel. Without such a history, the diagnosis may be challenging, because the mass may be confused with other common soft tissue masses in the foot. This case report describes a 67-year-old man with an idiopathic pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery that mimicked pigmented villonodular synovitis.
Design and Implementation of Intrusion Detection System Based on Dynamic Agent Distribution

The theory of common intrusion detection framework and its implementation strategy are analytically studied,a model based on Agent distributional intrusion detection is provided and an in- trusion detection system based on dynamic Agent distribution is designed. Its working principle,o- verall structure,event producer,analyzer,responder and design of event database are introduced. The system has good distribution and expansion properties.
T-cell gene rearrangements and the diagnosis of T-cell neoplasms.

Rearrangements of the T-cell antigen receptor genes serve as unique, clonal tumor markers of T-cell neo-plasms. This approach provides a reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool to document both clonality and lineage of T-cell lymphoproliferative processes.
Enzyme inhibition as an aid to simplify pharmacokinetic measurements

The widely used chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been in the oncologist's armamentarium for the last 40 y. In spite of the widespread use of 5-FU the success rate varies between 10% and 30%; thus, any method of either predicting or rapidly monitoring the response of any particular
[Quality evaluation of hospitalized hepatitis C cases reporting in Henan province, 2014].

Objective To evaluate the network reporting quality of hepatitis C cases in Henan province in 2014. Methods The data of hepatitis C case reporting was collected from selected medical institutions in Henan province in 2014. According to current reporting standards, the evaluation of reporting rate, the timely reporting rate, the underreporting rate, the false reporting rate and the anti HCV positive and HCV-RNA positive reporting rate of hepatitis C cases were evaluated. Results A total of 2 778 hospitalized hepatitis C cases in 170 medical and health institutions were surveyed, the reporting rate was 84.10%, the timely reporting rate was 100.00%, the underreporting rate was 15.90%, the false reporting rate was 13.17% and the anti-HCV positive and HCV-RNA positive reporting rate was 91.06%. The coincidence rate of diagnosis and reporting was 58.61%, the coincidence rate of acute or chronic cases was 30.93%. More clinical diagnosed cases were underreported. The coincidence rate of laboratory confirmed cases reporting were low. The diagnosis and reporting coincidence rate was low in provincial medical institutions. Conclusion In Henan, the hepatitis C case reporting rate was high, the anti-HCV positive and HCV-RNA positive reporting rate needs to be improved. The coincidence rate of hepatitis C reporting was low. Underreporting and false reporting still existed. The quality of hepatitis C reporting in provincial medical and health institutions needs to be improved. Key words: Hepatitis C; Case reporting; Quality evaluation
Polynucleotide phosphorylase and the T3SS

Low temperatures as well as encounters with host phagocytes are two stresses that have been relatively well studied in many species of bacteria. The exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) has previously been shown to be required by several species of bacteria, including Yersinia, for low-temperature growth. We have shown that PNPase also enhances the ability of Yersinia to withstand the killing activities of murine macrophages. We have gone on to show that PNPase is required for the optimal functioning of Yersinia's type three secretion system (T3SS), an organelle that injects effector proteins directly into host cells. Surprisingly, the PNPase-mediated effect on T3SS activity is independent of PNPase's ribonuclease activity and instead requires only its S1 RNA-binding domain. In stark contrast, the catalytic activity of PNPase is strictly required for enhanced growth at low temperature. Preliminary experiments suggest that the RNA-binding interface of the S1 domain is critical for its T3SS-enhancing activity. Our findings indicate that PNPase plays versatile roles in promoting Yersinia's survival in response to stressful conditions.
The Pontoon Transitional Design: A Missing Link in the Research on Interdisciplinary Teaming

AbstractThe Pontoon Transitional Design was significant among team teaching efforts during the 1960s and early 1970s because it was a staff utilization model that placed emphasis on scheduling, grouping, instruction, and curriculum. This comprehensive model was a forerunner of many of the current teacher collaborative efforts.Ten studies of the Pontoon Transitional Design (two published in research journals, one published by a school district, and seven doctoral studies) were conducted in grades 7, 8, and 9 of middle schools, intermediate schools, junior high schools, and high schools between 1964 and 1972. Although the evidence for the pontoon as a more effective way to bring about student achievement was unclear, nine of the ten studies did show significance in favor of the pontoon group in at least one academic area or test. Findings in support of affective gains for both students and teachers were also found throughout the studies.The Pontoon Transitional Design has significance not only for its contr...
A Case Based Approach to Serve Information Needs in Knowledge Intensive Processes

Case workers who are involved in knowledge intensive business processes have critical information needs.When dealing with a case, they often need to check how similar cases were handled and what best practices, methods and tools proved useful. In this paper, we present our Solution Information Management SIM system developed to assist case workers by retrieving and offering targeted and contextual content recommendations to them. In particular, we present a novel method for intelligently weighing different fields in a case when they are used as context to derive recommendations. Experimental results indicate that our approach can yield recommendations that are approximately 15 more precise than those obtained through a baseline approach where the fields in the context have equal weights. SIM is being actively used by case workers in a large IT services company.
Bayesian Explanatory Arguments

The exploration in Chapter 6 focused on the explanatory nature of classical empirical arguments for survival. While I was mainly interested in outlining the structure of such arguments, and suggesting how they might be formalized as likelihood arguments, I concluded that explanatory arguments pose something of a challenge to the widespread survivalist interest in drawing conclusions about the plausibility or probability of the survival hypothesis. If the empirical case for survival is based solely on the explanatory power of the survival hypothesis and if the only determinant of explanatory power is how well the survival hypothesis leads us to expect the relevant data in contrast to alternative hypotheses, then at best we are in a position to conclude only that our evidence confirms or favors the survival hypothesis over some competing hypothesis. However, this does not justify conclusions about the net plausibility of the survival hypothesis, nor therefore does it sufficiently inform us whether we should accept the survival hypothesis. So the “modest explanatory argument” (MEA), and its formalization as a likelihood argument, justifies only a rather modest conclusion concerning the evidence for survival.
NIR Frequency Comb Spectroscopy

Near-infrared frequency-comb spectroscopy is a powerful tool with which to measure concentrations of gasses relevant to combustion and atmospheric monitoring (CO2, CH4, H2O, HDO) over meter and kilometer scale paths.
Transhumanism: The Growing Worldview

Transhumanism established a set of values conveying emerging technology and humanity in three essential areas: critical thinking, visionary narratives, and technological innovation. The philosophy established values, goals, and principles that synthesize epistemological and metaphysical views. Its roots stem from historical systems of thinking that form social and cultural attitudes. For example, the diversity of global culture, human rights, the economics of techno production and supply, the ecology of well-being, the development of human enhancement interventions, radical life extension, and the politics of laws and policy-making. This synergistic approach brought greater insight into assessing the challenges and conflicts we face and how to build practical and applied solutions. The expression of transhumanist thinking is practical optimism.
A Review of Case Analysis and Simulation for Use in Hospitality Marketing Education

(1992). A Review of Case Analysis and Simulation for Use in Hospitality Marketing Education. Hospitality & Tourism Educator: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 16-19.
Wireless footprints in the WiFi sandbox

This paper describes a sufficiently detailed step-by-step account that will allow instructors with some experience using a notebook computer, the networking hardware now commonplace in most homes, and a little experience with web server setup, to create an self-contained wireless network with its own content management system, and the ability to project the screen contents of the instructor notebook across the network.
Potlining failures in aluminum electrolysis cells

1. Sidelining failures can be controlled by sufficient cooling to form a layer of frozen bath over the side walls. 2. Transverse cracks do not by themselves cause tap-outs. With adequate side shell reinforcement, longitudinal cracks do not lead to tap-outs. 3. Cracks, growth, hydrodynamics, and magnetics are involved in pothole formation.
Equivalent static and dynamic games

We consider a dynamic game with T non-cooperative agents that act in a pre-specified sequence. The information available to an agent may depend on actions taken by preceding agents. We showed that this dynamic game is equivalent to a static game where agents' information has no dependence on decisions. This equivalence suggests that questions of equilibrium existence and equilibrium characterization in a dynamic game can potentially be investigated by considering its static reduction.
One more time: does a computer–based decision support system improve managerial decisions?

The literature contains a number of studies dealing with the effectiveness of decision support systems (DSS). The results from these studies have been inconclusive in providing an answer to the question: does a computer–based DSS improve decision effectiveness? These studies have suggested a number of methods to provide a clearer answer to the question. The research reported in this paper has built on the previous research by incorporating a number of recommendations into the design. A highly restrictive design of a decisional guidance decision support system was tested in a laboratory setting. The results support the notion that DSS can enhance managerial decision making. More specifically, the experiments indicate that decision makers perform better with computer–based support that directs a change in the decision process toward a normative decision model.
Prosecuting the Press: What Does the Law Allow When Freedom of the Press Conflicts with the Government’s Need to Keep Secrets?

We live in interesting times. The press has accused the Obama Administration of waging an unprecedented “War on Journalism” for its efforts control leaks of classified information but the same administration has witnessed the massive leaks by Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden. The reaction has been mixed, with some calling one or both of those leakers heroes and others traitors. More interestingly, for leakers have always spurred mixed emotions, has been the reaction of the press itself. David Gregory of NBC News famously asked Glenn Greenwald, who has written extensively on both the Manning and Snowden leaks, whether he might be criminally liable for printing such information. The Daily Mail has accused The Guardian, Greenwald’s employer, of treason for printing these secrets. Recently, DNI James Clapper has suggested that these newspapers might be Snowden's “accomplices”.But what does the law really say? This paper examines the Espionage Act, how it has been interpreted by the Supreme Court and how it has been balanced by the First Amendment. Its conclusion is that, for good or for ill, US law is clear that the press is liable for publishing government secrets – and of a much broader category than just the Top Secret kind Mr. Snowden released – and it is only political decisions, and perhaps a bit of prosecutorial discretion, that has limited the prosecutions thus far, a tenuous reed for any active journalist.
Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentration and emission patterns for mono-slope beef cattle facilities in the Northern Great Plains

Abstract. Mono-slope buildings are one type of roofed and confined cattle feeding facility that is becoming increasingly popular in the Northern Great Plains. In response to questions and concerns about the barn environment and air quality regulations, the objectives of this study were to determine gas concentrations in and emissions from these beef cattle facilities and relate these air quality parameters to environmental and manure management factors. Four producer-owned and operated mono-slope beef cattle facilities were monitored continuously for one month each quarter for two years to capture both daily and seasonal variations in gas concentrations, airflow and related environmental data. Two barns maintained deep-bedded manure packs (Pack) and two barns scraped manure and bedding from the pens weekly (Scrape). The north wall curtain openings were adjusted by the producers seasonally or daily, and classified as Open (> 1.5 m, mean = 2.1 m) or Closed (
Acoustic Power Transfer and Communication With a Wireless Sensor Embedded Within Metal

Thick metal barriers prevent the use of conventional electromagnetic wireless power transfer due to Faraday shielding effects. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate power transfer to and communication with a compact wireless sensor transponder fully embedded within a solid piece of metal through the use of ultrasonic waves. This technique is an important innovation for applications, such as structural health monitoring of solid metal structural components, which would be weakened by the presence of holes for wiring. The embedded sensor system consists of a single piezoelectric transducer used for both power and data communication, along with an energy storage unit and associated charging circuitry, as well as a representative sensor and sensor data acquisition electronics. The entire sensor transponder was packaged within a compact volume of 11.9 cm3 (0.73 in3) and can be further miniaturized to millimeter-scale sizes with the use of widely available system-on-chip technologies. The measured power transfer and sensor data results were found to closely match modeling results, achieving a power transfer efficiency of 33% at 440 kHz, showcasing the feasibility and potential of this approach.
Financial hardship and drug use among men who have sex with men.

Little is known about the role of financial hardship as it relates to drug use, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). As such, this study aimed to investigate potential associations between financial hardship status and drug use among MSM. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 580 MSM in Paris recruited using a popular geosocial-networking smartphone application (GSN apps). Descriptive analyses and multivariate analyses were performed. A modified Poisson model was used to assess associations between financial hardship status and use of drugs (any drugs, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, inhalant nitrites, and club drugs). In our sample, 45.5% reported that it was somewhat, very, or extremely difficult to meet monthly payments of bills (high financial hardship). In multivariate analyses, a high level of financial hardship was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of reporting use of any substance use (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.05–1.27), as well as use of tobacco (aRR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.19–1.78), marijuana (aRR = 1.48; 95% CI =1.03–2.13), and inhalant nitrites (aRR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.03–1.50). Financial hardship was associated with drug use among MSM, suggesting the need for interventions to reduce the burden of financial hardship in this population.
Designing with Distributed Objects

As businesses grow, they often set up operations over large geographic areas that may span multiple states or even countries and often find it desirable to process data at their point of origin or create results at the location where they are needed. As a consequence, businesses usually install multiple computer systems that are interconnected by communication links, and applications run across a network of computers rather than on a single machine. Such systems are called distributed systems
Confucian Constitutionalism: Globalization and Judicial Review in Korea and Taiwan

This paper documents the recent emergence of judicial review of legislative and administrative action in Korea and Taiwan, two East Asian countries seen to be historically resistant to notions of judicial activism and constitutional constraint. It argues that the ability to draw from foreign legal traditions, especially those of the United States and Germany, empowered judges in these countries and therefore helped to alter the structure of public law away from executive-centered approaches of the past. Nevertheless, the institution of judicial review can be described in terms compatible with the Confucian tradition, a point that has implications for how we think about globalization and institutional transfers across borders. By constructing a locally legitimate account of what is undeniably a modern institution of foreign origin, the paper argues that globalization should not be viewed as an imposition of Western norms, but as a more complex process of adaptation and institutional transformation.
Quaternion Based General Purpose Techniques for Activity Recognition Using Wearables

Human activity recognition (HAR) is challenging, particularly in natural settings, due to issues like confounding gestures present in different activities, diversity in performing the same activity, and the wide range of possible human activities. Acceleration and rotation rate, two of the most widely used sensing modalities for HAR, are limited in addressing these issues. Also, many solutions for wearables are focused on some particular activities, and they do not generalize to others. One challenge is to develop underlying generic techniques for activity recognition that can be used in many different wearable based applications. We present a set of general purpose techniques for activity recognition using wearables. The techniques are based on quaternions that represent the orientation of a device in three-dimensional space. The techniques can be used for different purposes like reducing computation, increasing robustness and accuracy, and better understanding movements for HAR.