cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary fat impacts fetal growth and metabolism: uptake of chylomicron remnant core lipids by the placenta

The fetus requires significant energy for growth and development. Although glucose is a major source of energy for the fetus, other maternal nutrients also appear to promote growth. Thus, the goal of these studies was to determine whether triglyceride-rich remnants are taken up by the placenta and whether maternal dietary lipids, independently of adiposity, can impact fetal growth. To accomplish our first goal, chylomicron particles were duallly labeled with cholesteryl ester and triglycerides. The placenta took up remnant particles/core lipids at rates greater than adipose tissue and skeletal muscle but less than the liver. Although the placenta expresses apoE receptors, uptake of chylomicron remnants and/or core lipids can occur independently of apoE. To determine the impact of dietary lipid on fetal growth, independent of maternal adiposity, females were fed high-fat diets (HFD) for 1 mo; there was no change in adiposity or leptin levels prior to or during pregnancy of dams fed HFD. Fetal masses were greater in dams fed HFD, and mRNA levels of proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation (CPT I, PPARα), but not glucose oxidation (pyruvate kinase) or other regulatory processes (HNF-4α, LXR), were increased with maternal dietary fat. There was also no change in mRNA levels of proteins involved in placental glucose and fatty acid transport, and GLUT1 protein levels in microvillous membranes were similar in placentas of dams fed either diet. Thus, the ability of the placenta to take up chylomicron remnant core lipids likely contributes to accelerated fetal growth in females fed high fat diets.
Signal processing for high-density digital magnetic recording

The signal-processing techniques most often used in digital magnetic recording systems are run-length limited (RLL) coding and peak detection (PD). The application of more advanced methods, such as partial-response (PR) signaling and maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), allows a further increase in the recording densities and reliability presently achieved. After reviewing RLL coding an PD schemes, recording systems using PR signaling and MLSD (PRML) are described. Viterbi decoding and decision-directed algorithms for automatic gain control and timing recovery are discussed for the two types of PR scheme best suited for magnetic recording, class-IV (PR-IV) and extended class-IV (EPR-IV). Results of a performance study on PD and PRML systems which demonstrate the superiority of the PRML approach are presented. For the two PRML systems considered, sensitivity to various parameters and performance in an off-track situation were investigated. The results shown indicate that the two schemes are equally robust and that PR-IV signaling is superior to EPR-IV in off-track situations. A PRML system based on PR-IV signaling is also simpler to realize. >
Interrelationship of voltage and temperature dependence of oxide breakdown for ultrathin oxides

We report that voltage acceleration of time- or charge-to-breakdown is insensitive to temperature variations over a wide range of temperature (30 to 200/spl deg/C) for oxides below 3 nm, regardless of oxide process, injection polarity or device type (NFET, PFET). Based on this observation, an essentially universal, non-Arrhenius temperature dependence for ultrathin oxide is obtained by a natural normalization scheme. The consequences of these findings for reliability projection are discussed.
Coning reduction in spinning flying vehicles

Gun launched projectiles designed to maintain body spin can often exhibit a gyroscopic phenomenon called coning. Coning can increase a projectile's susceptibility to loss of control conditions and is generally undesirable. Using a simplified model, a method is proposed to reduce coning motion and any bias the projectile body exhibits with respect to heading direction. Simulation results show the proposed method is able to reduce coning and bias to within an acceptable region of the heading direction.
Negotiating Multiple Identities in a Queer Vietnamese Support Group

ABSTRACT My participant-observation with 0-M6i, a support group for Vietnamese lesbians, bisexual women and female-to-male transgenders, and interviews with members, focusing on how different identity issues are negotiated, suggest that despite 0-M6i's claim of supporting its members' multiple marginalized identities, group processes in everyday pragmatic interactions construct a hierarchy that centers and normalizes experiences of bilingual Vietnamese lesbians. This renders the marginalization of bisexual women, transgender men, and Vietnamese/English monolingual members. Using the concept of “identity work” to examine the intersection of race/ethnicity, class, and gender/sexuality as everyday (counter)hegemonic processes, I discuss how organizational structure, discourse resources, and personal politics orient and mold members' talk and interactions leading to normalization and/or marginalization of certain groups' experiences.
Diet-Based Strategies for Cancer Chemoprevention: The Role of Combination Regimens Using Dietary Bioactive Components

Chemopreventive agents that the general population can consume for prolonged periods of time with minimal risk of any side effects are of great interest to all in search of a solution to the pervasive incidence of cancer. Dietary bioactive components have been found to modulate many deregulated molecular pathways associated with the initiation and progression of different types of cancer. Combination regimens with dietary bioactive components are a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention because they may offer enhanced protective effects against cancer development but cause little or no adverse effects. This article provides an overview of studies examining the combination of dietary bioactive components for the chemoprevention of major types of cancer. A better understanding of existing research on the combination of dietary bioactive components will provide an important basis for the rational design of future combination studies and the successful development of cancer chemoprevention strategies.
Triangulating a polygon in parallel

Abstract In this paper we present an efficient parallel algorithm for polygon triangulation. The algorithm we present runs in O (log n ) time using O ( n ) processors, which is optimal if the polygon is allowed to contain holes. This improves the previous parallel complexity bounds for this problem by a log n factor. If we are also given a trapezoidal decomposition of the polygon as input, then we can triangulate the polygon in O (log n ) time using only O( n log n ) processors. This immediately implies that we can triangulate a monotone polygon in O (log n ) time using O( n log n ) processors, which is optimal. All of our results are for the CREW PRAM computational model.
Reaction, trapping, and multifractality in one-dimensional systems

In the first part of this paper, we present two variants of the A+A→A and A+A→P reaction in one dimension that can be investigated analytically. In the first model, pairs of neighboring particles disappear reactively at a rate which is independent of their relative distance. It is shown that the probability density ϕ(x) for a nearest neighbor distance equal tox approaches the scaling formϕ(x) ∼c exp(−cx/2)/(cx)1/2 in the long-time limit, withc being the concentration of particles. The second model is a ballistic analogue of the coagulation reaction A+A→ A. The model is solved by reducing it to a first-passagetime problem. The anomalous relaxation dynamics can be linked in a direct way to the fractal time properties of random walks. In the second part of this paper, we discuss the complications that arise in systems with disorder. We present a new approach that relates first-passage-time characteristics in a one-dimensional random walk to properties of random maps. In particular, we show that Sinai disorder is a borderline case for the appearance of multifractal properties. Finally, we apply a previously introduced renormalization technique to calculate the survival probability of particles moving on the line in the presence of a background of imperfect traps.
Patterns of plant community structure within and among primary and second-growth northern hardwood forest stands

Forest scientists advocate the use of natural disturbance-based forest management for restoring the characteristics of old-growth forests to younger second-growth northern hardwood stands. However, prescriptions rely upon studies that have (1) not spanned the full range of conditions and species assemblages, and (2) focused primarily on contrasting old-growth and mature second-growth stands at a single scale. To examine how the legacy of historical logging activities influences forest structure and function, we compared and contrasted patterns of plant community structure within and among secondgrowth and primary stands on the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota, USA — near the current range limits of the dominant species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum). We expected second-growth stands to be in younger developmental stages, and structurally less heterogeneous both within and among stands. Furthermore, we expected those differences to be associated with patterns of plant community composition and diversity. Three of the four primary stands and one of the eight second-growth stands were in the old-growth stage of development. Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and conifers as a group (Thuja occidentalis, Picea glauca and Abies balsamea) were more abundant, and yellow birch was more variable, within primary stands than second-growth stands. The volume and heterogeneity of coarse woody debris in intermediate decay- and size classes was also greater within and among primary stands relative to second-growth stands. While mean subplot richness of overstory tree species was greater in primary stands, mean quadrat richness, and rates of species accumulation for forest herbs as well as total herbaceous cover, and graminoid cover were greater in second-growth stands. Furthermore, total basal area (BA), the BA of conifer species, the density of yellow birch trees, understory vegetation and light transmittance were more variable among second-growth stands. At the multivariate level, primary stands were distinguished from second-growth stands not by differences in stand structure, but by a greater abundance of yellow birch and conifer species in the canopy, which was also related to O-horizon depth and understory plant species composition and structure. Differences in community structure between primary and second-growth stands may have resulted from the original cutover as well as highgrade logging, which together may have disrupted the mechanisms that maintain populations of important co-dominant tree species and associated understory plant communities in northern hardwood stands.
Classification of laser welds by acoustic signature

The application of a backpropagation neural network to the classification of acoustical signals emanating from the laser welding process is discussed. The investigations which are discussed demonstrate that, at least in a relatively simple setting, the backpropagation network is capable of determining whether or not a laser weld has achieved full or partial penetration from its acoustical signature. This result is seen as having important implications for future developments in monitoring and control of these processes. >
Benchmarking a Soil Moisture Data Assimilation System for Agricultural Drought Monitoring

AbstractDespite considerable interest in the application of land surface data assimilation systems (LDASs) for agricultural drought applications, relatively little is known about the large-scale performance of such systems and, thus, the optimal methodological approach for implementing them. To address this need, this paper evaluates an LDAS for agricultural drought monitoring by benchmarking individual components of the system (i.e., a satellite soil moisture retrieval algorithm, a soil water balance model, and a sequential data assimilation filter) against a series of linear models that perform the same function (i.e., have the same basic input/output structure) as the full system component. Benchmarking is based on the calculation of the lagged rank cross correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil moisture estimates acquired for various components of the system. Lagged soil moisture/NDVI correlations obtained using individual LDAS components versus their linear analo...
Investigating Business Needs Fluctuations on IT Delivery Operations

The management of IT services is increasingly driven by the necessity of cost reduction and quality improvement. As a result, new organizational models have been created and implemented aiming at achieving economies of scale, while improving customer satisfaction and experience has been one of the main focuses of recent research in Service Science. In this context, translating business elements and necessities of customers into IT components of service operations is a challenging and key task that can affect the long-term relationship between customers and IT provider. Further, market fluctuations and peaks that affect the business of customers of IT outsourcing shall, carefully, be taken into account by support teams in charge of managing customers' infrastructures. Thus, to incorporate it to the dynamics of IT support activities, service delivery teams of IT providers must develop abilities to understand and mechanisms to retain and use the knowledge of the core business of each customer. This paper addresses relevant aspects of service delivery affected by the peaks that impose variations on demands and levels of service expected by customers of IT outsourcing. Also, it proposes some insights to transform customer (business driven) needs into elements already existing inside IT support organizations and argue that this transformation may reduce substantially the overhead of translating customer business to support operations. In order to corroborate the argument and instantiate the discussion, incident data collected by an IT service delivery provider are presented and analyzed graphically in details.
Selection, characterization and application of new RNA HIV gp 120 aptamers for facile delivery of Dicer substrate siRNAs into HIV infected cells

The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) consists of an exterior glycoprotein (gp120) and a trans-membrane domain (gp41) and has an important role in viral entry into cells. HIV-1 entry has been validated as a clinically relevant anti-viral strategy for drug discovery. In the present work, several 2'-F substituted RNA aptamers that bind to the HIV-1(BaL) gp120 protein with nanomole affinity were isolated from a RNA library by the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) procedure. From two of these aptamers we created a series of new dual inhibitory function anti-gp120 aptamer-siRNA chimeras. The aptamers and aptamer-siRNA chimeras specifically bind to and are internalized into cells expressing HIV gp160. The Dicer-substrate siRNA delivered by the aptamers is functionally processed by Dicer, resulting in specific inhibition of HIV-1 replication and infectivity in cultured CEM T-cells and primary blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, we have introduced a 'sticky' sequence onto a chemically synthesized aptamer which facilitates attachment of the Dicer substrate siRNAs for potential multiplexing. Our results provide a set of novel inhibitory agents for blocking HIV replication and further validate the use of aptamers for delivery of Dicer substrate siRNAs.
Why do Chinese firms tend to acquire strategic assets in international expansion

More Chinese companies are using cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) to access and source strategic assets so as to address their competitive disadvantage. However, there is lack of research on the rationale for such strategic-asset-seeking M&A. This paper intends to address this critical issue from an institutional perspective. Building on institutional theory, we propose a model of resource-driven motivation behind Chinese M&A. To shed light on the explanatory power of this institutional framework, we draw on a multiple-case study of three leading Chinese firms—TCL, BOE and Lenovo. By arguing that cross-border M&A from Chinese firms represents a means to acquire strategic assets is the logic of Chinese unique institutional environment, this study is of importance not only to stimulate possible theoretical extensions but also to draw implications to other emerging market firms.
Cloning, mapping and nucleotide sequencing of a gene encoding a universal stress protein in Eschericha coli

The response of non-differentiating bacteria to nutrient starvation is complex and includes the sequential synthesis of starvation-inducible proteins. Although starvation for different individual nutrients generally provokes unique and individual patterns of protein expression, some starvation stimulons share member proteins. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the synthesis of a small (13.5 kDa) cytoplasmic protein in Escherichia coli was greatly increased during growth inhibition caused by the exhaustion of any of a variety of nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, sulphate, required amino acid) or by the presence of a variety of toxic agents including heavy metals, oxidants, acids and antibiotics. To determine further the mode of regulation of the protein designated UspA (universal stress protein A) we cloned the gene encoding the protein by the technique of reverse genetics. We isolated the protein from a preparative two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel, determined its N-terminal amino acid sequence, and used this sequence to construct a degenerate oligonucleotide probe. Two phages of the Kohara library were found to contain the gene which then was subcloned from the DNA in the overlapping region of these two clones. The amino acid sequence, deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the uspA gene, shows no significant homology with any other known protein. The uspA gene maps at 77 min on the E. coli W3110 chromosome, and is transcribed in a clockwise direction. The increase in the level of UspA during growth arrest was found to be primarily a result of transcriptional activation of the corresponding gene. The induction was independent of the RelA/SpoT, RpoH, KatF, OmpR, AppY, Lrp, PhoB and H-NS proteins during stress conditions that are known to induce or activate these global regulators. The -10 and -35 regions upstream of the transcriptional start site of the uspA gene are characteristic of a sigma 70-dependent promoter.
Reflections on integrating theories of adult education into a medical school faculty development course.

The purpose of this study was to test a three-day course model for medical school faculty designed to promote self-directed learning, teaching skills, personal awareness and interdisciplinary collegiality. The training program described was conducted three times in our medical school. Fifty-eight faculty from 11 clinical departments have participated in this intensive experience of learning how to teach, based on principles of learner-centered learning and adult education theory. Participants defined their own learning objectives and worked collaboratively in facilitated small groups to develop teaching skills. Reflection groups engaged in discussion on critical incidents of experience as teachers and learners, and promoted awareness regarding personal approaches to teaching. Qualitative and quantitative data showed that the course was effective in: (1) providing an academically and emotionally safe environment for learning; (2) enabling participants to recognize and value learner-centered learning; (3) i...
A microprocessor-controlled ink jet printing system for electronic circuits

The development of a microprocessor-controlled ink jet printing system for hybrid microelectronic circuits is described. The hardware, development, software development, and the performance of the system are discussed. Well-defined circuit patterns have been obtained by the ink-jet printing of metalorganic inks. The application of this technology to the fabrication of microelectronic circuits is demonstrated to be feasible. >
Fluorescence properties of gold nanorods and their application for DNA biosensing

This communication reveals new and unique optical properties with respect to enhanced fluorescence of gold nanorods as they elongate; a novel strategy for DNA hybridization studies based on monitoring the fluorescence intensity of gold nanorods has been demonstrated.
Direct ab Initio Dynamics Studies of the Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions of Hydrogen Atom with Fluoromethanes

A direct ab initio dynamics study on the gas-phase reactions of atomic hydrogen with different fluoromethanes has been carried out. The thermal rate constants were calculated using canonical variational transition state (CVT) theory augmented by multidimensional semiclassical zero and small curvature tunneling approximations. The potential energy surfaces for the reactions were calculated using hybrid density functional theory, namely, Becke’s half-and-half (BH) nonlocal exchange and the Lee -Yang-Parr (LYP) nonlocal correlation functionals using the cc-pVDZ basis set. The reaction energies and barrier heights were improved by single-point energy calculations along the minimum energy path (MEP) at the spin-projected fourth order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (PMP4) using the cc-pVTZ basis set. The calculated forward and reverse thermal rate constants are in the good agreement with the experimental data. The electronic effects of fluorine substitution on the rate of this class of reactions are examined.
Explaining women's intentions and use of hormones with menopause.

The purposes of this theoretically-based study were (a) to examine the contributions of psychosocial variables (i.e., affect, beliefs, and norms), habit, and facilitating conditions to explaining women's intentions and use of hormones with menopause and (b) to assess whether clinical or demographic factors explained intentions and use, when controlling for psychosocial, habit, and facilitating conditions variables. In a cross-sectional design, 184 pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women completed questionnaire measures. To explain intentions, data from 124 participants who were not using hormones were analyzed. To explain use, data from 125 peri- and postmenopausal participants were analyzed. In multivariate analyses, anxiety was associated inversely with use; norms were associated positively with intentions and use. Age was associated inversely with intentions; hot flashes were associated inversely with use. Future researchers can examine the combined influences of affect, beliefs, and norms on decisions about hormones. Clinicians can address anxieties and assess social influences about hormone use, as well as offer ways to deal with hot flashes.
Information diffusion through social networks

We modeled the core mechanisms of petition diffusion in online social networks.We added insights about awareness, interest, sharing, and forgetting mechanisms.We compared our model with the Bass Diffusion Model.Comparing the 'push' and 'pull' processes, spread is largely a pull process.Targeting the right population initially is the key to increase the sharing rate. People regularly use online social networks due to their convenience, efficiency, and significant broadcasting power for sharing information. However, the diffusion of information in online social networks is a complex and dynamic process. In this research, we used a case study to examine the diffusion process of an online petition. The spread of petitions in social networks raises various theoretical and practical questions: What is the diffusion rate? What actions can initiators take to speed up the diffusion rate? How does the behavior of sharing between friends influence the diffusion process? How does the number of signatures change over time? In order to address these questions, we used system dynamics modeling to specify and quantify the core mechanisms of petition diffusion online; based on empirical data, we then estimated the resulting dynamic model. The modeling approach provides potential practical insights for those interested in designing petitions and collecting signatures. Model testing and calibration approaches (including the use of empirical methods such as maximum-likelihood estimation, the Akaike information criterion, and likelihood ratio tests) provide additional potential practices for dynamic modelers. Our analysis provides information on the relative strength of push (i.e., sending announcements) and pull (i.e., sharing by signatories) processes and insights about awareness, interest, sharing, reminders, and forgetting mechanisms. Comparing push and pull processes, we found that diffusion is largely a pull process rather than a push process. Moreover, comparing different scenarios, we found that targeting the right population is a potential driver in spreading information (i.e., getting more signatures), such that small investments in targeting the appropriate people have 'disproportionate' effects in increasing the total number of signatures. The model is fully documented for further development and replications.
Dietary Blueberry Attenuates Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in High Fat-Fed Mice by Reducing Adipocyte Death and Its Inflammatory Sequelae

Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation promotes insulin resistance (IR) and other obesity complications. AT inflammation and IR are associated with oxidative stress, adipocyte death, and the scavenging of dead adipocytes by proinflammatory CD11c+ AT macrophages (ATMPhi). We tested the hypothesis that supplementation of an obesitogenic (high-fat) diet with whole blueberry (BB) powder protects against AT inflammation and IR. Male C57Bl/6j mice were maintained for 8 wk on 1 of 3 diets: low-fat (10% of energy) diet (LFD), high-fat (60% of energy) diet (HFD) or the HFD containing 4% (wt:wt) whole BB powder (1:1 Vaccinium ashei and V. corymbosum) (HFD+B). BB supplementation (2.7% of total energy) did not affect HFD-associated alterations in energy intake, metabolic rate, body weight, or adiposity. We observed an emerging pattern of gene expression in AT of HFD mice indicating a shift toward global upregulation of inflammatory genes (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase), increased M1-polarized ATMPhi (CD11c+), and increased oxidative stress (reduced glutathione peroxidase 3). This shift was attenuated or nonexistent in HFD+B-fed mice. Furthermore, mice fed the HFD+B were protected from IR and hyperglycemia coincident with reductions in adipocyte death. Salutary effects of BB on adipocyte physiology and ATMPhi gene expression may reflect the ability of BB anthocyanins to alter mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB stress signaling pathways, which regulate cell fate and inflammatory genes. These results suggest that cytoprotective and antiinflammatory actions of dietary BB can provide metabolic benefits to combat obesity-associated pathology.
Polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1, NAT1 and NAT2 genes and bladder cancer risk in men and women

Background: Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for bladder cancer. Epidemiological and biological data suggest that genetic polymorphisms in activating and detoxifying enzymes may play a role in determining an individual's susceptibility to bladder cancer in particular when in combination with specific environmental exposures such as cigarette smoking. N-acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, NAT1 and NAT2, are involved in the activation and detoxification of tobacco smoke constituents. Polymorphisms in these genes alter the ability of these enzymes to metabolize carcinogens, as certain allelic combinations result in a slow or rapid acetylation phenotype. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) also detoxify tobacco smoke constituents, and polymorphisms within the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes can result in a complete lack of enzyme activity. Methods: We assessed the association between common polymorphisms identified in the GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT1, and NAT2 genes and the risk of bladder cancer in two nested case-control studies within the Nurses' Health Study (n = 78 female cases, 234 female controls) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (n = 139 male cases, 293 male controls). We also evaluated whether cigarette smoking modified the associations of the genotypes and bladder cancer risk in men and women. Results: Overall, we observed no statistically significant associations between the polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk among men and women, although given our sample size, we had limited power to detect small to moderate effects. There was however the suggestion of an increased risk among female ever smokers with the NAT2 slow genotype and an increased risk in male never smokers with the GSTM1 null genotype. Conclusion: In summary, these prospective results are consistent with previous literature supporting associations between bladder cancer and the NAT2 slow acetylation and the GSTM1 null genotypes.
Pleiotropic effects of corticotropin releasing hormone on normal human skin keratinocytes.

Abstract The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the major stress response system. Several components of the HPA axis, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and POMC peptides and their receptors are also present in the skin. In earlier studies, we showed that CRH inhibits cellular proliferation of immortalized human keratinocytes. We now examine further the functional activity of the HPA axis in the skin, by characterizing the actions of CRH on normal foreskin keratinocytes. The CRH receptor was detected as CRH-R1 antigen at 47 kDa in the cultured keratinocytes by Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated its presence in the epidermal and follicular keratinocytes. CRH is also biologically active in cultured keratinocytes, where it inhibits proliferation and enhances the interferon-γ–stimulated expression of the hCAM and ICAM-1 adhesion molecules and of the HLA-DR antigen. These effects were concentration-dependent, with maximal activity at CRH 10−7 M. Thus, in the keratinocy...
Metacognitive Strategies in the Introduction to Political Science Classroom

ABSTRACTThis article examines metacognitive-based teaching strategies and provides preliminary evidence about their effectiveness in the political science classroom. In a 2013 Fall semester Introduction to Political Science course, three metacognitive-based teaching strategies were designed and implemented for improving student learning through greater self-regulation and awareness. This article compares the student learning outcomes to a previous version of the course and also assesses student learning over the semester, including a pre- and postassessment of course-based knowledge. By assessing changes in student learning, the article investigates, identifies and isolates specific and transferable classroom interventions for improving student learning and proposes using metacognitive-based teaching strategies in a political science classroom.
Dialectical Thinking and Adult Creativity

Perhaps because most work on creativity has originated in personality and social psychology, there has been little attention given to transformations of creativity across the lifespan. Researchers have generally taken one of two approaches. Those interested in deriving nomothetic tests of creative ability or in studying social factors affecting creative performance have focussed on very general features of the creative process equally applicable to people of a wide range of ages and levels of expertise in a domain. Other researchers have been interested in describing the creative process in adults who have made notable creative achievements in public fields, for example, creative artists and scientists. Although both of these approaches have been fruitful to the study of creativity, neither lends itself to the investigation of developmental changes in creative functioning.
Social efficacy in the reintegration of the self: A groupwork model in schizophrenia care with older adults

Freud discounted that persons living with schizophrenia could benefi t from psychoanalysis because they were incapable of attaining insight. Departing from classical Freudian psychodynamic theory, Heinz Kohut formulated a theory of self psychology to give a prominent place to the development of the self in an interactional fi eld. Using the interactional fi eld, Harry Stack Sullivan applied relational theory in his work with schizophrenics. Now, drawing on Kohut’s theory and Sullivan’s pioneering work, the author retrospectively analyzes the interactional fi elds and processes observed in her groupwork with older adults with schizophrenia residing in long-term care. Data on psychosocial interventions for older adults with schizophrenia are lacking. This article underscores the need for addressing this gap in the research.
Scenario-based assessment of physicians' information needs.

Physicians’ information needs routinely arise during their practice. Several studies have demonstrated that a useful way to understand the nature of the needs is to examine questions posed by physicians during the course of medical care. This paper presents an analysis of clinical questions collected when physicians were engaged in reviewing clinical cases. The main objective of the study was to investigate characteristics of the physicians’ information needs to provide insight into the development of a conceptual guidance approach in information retrieval. The analysis focused on categories, search contexts, and patterns of the questions with respect to the scenarios. The results of the study showed that physicians’ information needs exhibited distinct characteristics according to the scenarios, and that their needs could be expressed with a relatively small number of question patterns. These observations supported our approach of using patterns of information needs in facilitating digital information access.
Power Plant's Recovery Use Technology of City's Sewage Regenerated Water

To reuse the city's sewage regenerated water for power plant is one good way to solve the resourceoriented use of city's sewage and short of water problem.This article details the deep treatment method of city's sewage regenerated water,material sslection and operation management of condenser,disinfection and aquatic plants eradication treatment,as well as the treatment scheme selection of circulating water scale fouling,and emphatically indicates,the anticorrosion treatment of circulating water system is the key to the power plant's reuse of city's sewage regenerated water,and provides the concrete effective measures.
The design and application of an automatic monitoring-control system based on configuration technology for oil drilling pipe production

With the rapid development of our petroleum industry,the drilling pipes are in greater demand than ever not only for quantity,but also for quality.The automatic monitoring-control system is designed for use with the drilling pipe production,which can make use of the powerful function of the 'kingview' configuration software to realize the real-time monitoring functions,fault alarm,data tendency analysis,printing,recording and inquiring the history data of the drilling operation,which can improve the automation level in the petroleum industry and insure the quality of the drilling pipe production.
Where Have You Gone, Atticus Finch?

This is a book review of Go Set a Watchman by Harper Lee. This prequel to Lee’s classic To Kill a Mockingbird recounts an episode in the life of the fictional lawyer Atticus Finch several decades after he undertook the representation of a Black Man falsely accused of rape. Finch’s daughter Scout who narrates the earlier novel is now a grown woman and in a difficult relationship with her father because of his conventional racists beliefs.
Adenosine deaminase activity in human diploid skin fibroblasts varies with the age of the donor.

Activities of adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase were determined in extracts prepared from human skin fibroblast strains derived from 7 normal newborn males and 4 normal adult males. All strains were harvested between passages 9 and 12. Adenosine deaminase activity in adult strains, 40.80 +/- 1.76 (mean +/- S.E.) nanomoles/min per mg protein, was almost twice the activity in neonatal strains, 22.40 +/- 3.02. This difference was significant at the 99.5% confidence level. Moreover, there was no overlap between the adult and neonatal activities. In contrast, adenosine kinase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities did not differ with the age of the donor.
Palivizumab Prophylaxis for Healthy Preterm Infants: More Data Supporting American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines.

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics RSV — : respiratory syncytial virus As licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration, “palivizumab is indicated for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in pediatric patients at high risk of RSV disease”.1 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Infectious Diseases has endeavored to provide pediatricians and other health care providers with guidance for determining who is at high risk for RSV disease since palivizumab was first licensed in 1998.2 Over the years, evidence has accumulated regarding the risk of RSV hospitalization and the AAP guidance for palivizumab use has become more restrictive. The most recent recommendations,3 published in 2014, removed otherwise healthy preterm infants born at or after 29 weeks of gestation from the high-risk groups recommended to receive palivizumab prophylaxis. In this issue of Pediatrics , Farber et al4 provide data from nine Medicaid managed care health programs in Texas supporting the 2014 recommendation. The investigators evaluated the effect of palivizumab administration on hospitalization for bronchiolitis with or without an RSV diagnosis among healthy preterm infants born at 29 to 36 weeks of gestation during their first RSV season occurring in 2012, 2013, or 2014.4 These infants did not have conditions known to increase hospitalization rates for RSV, specifically, chronic lung disease of prematurity or congenital heart disease. Although the recommendations to limit use of palivizumab in healthy preterm infants were released in July 2014, the Texas Medicaid program did not fully adopt them until 2015. Interestingly, even though they would have qualified under previous guidelines, the majority of the infants in the Farber study4 evaluated from 2012 to 2014, did not have paid claims for palivizumab. Overall, … Address correspondence to Carrie L. Byington, MD, HA and Edna Benning Presidential Professor of Pediatrics, Associate Vice President for Faculty and Academic Affairs, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 26 2000 East HSEB, Suite 5515, Salt Lake City, UT. E-mail: carrie.byington{at}hsc.utah.edu
Immune Deficiency Disease: Thymic Aplasia

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the details of workshop focusing on thymic aplysia. In this workshop much new material was presented, and numerous questions to be answered by future effort were placed in perspective. The workshop opened with a consideration of the morphology of the thymus from a developmental and functional perspective. One participant was concerned with human and guinea pig thymus and especially with the Hassall's corpuscles. His data indicateed that Hassall's corpuscles are morphologically intimately related to blood vessels and are very poorly developed in early life in man and the neonatal period in guinea pigs. Hassall's corpuscles also develop strikingly in the early weeks of life. Compounds capable of stimulating delayed allergic reactions or cell-mediated immunity were observed to be rapidly taken up by thymus. Compounds like Danayl-L-aspartic acid dicyloheximide appear first in the cortico-medullary junctions and then soon in Hassall's corpuscles. Such stimulation induces alterations in the epithelium of the medulla and an increase in size and number of Hassall's corpuscles.
CHAPTER 19 – Radio and Modulation

This chapter discusses radio waves and modulation. It presents experiments on crystal radio receiver and damped wave transmitter. It discusses modulation and demodulation and examines amplitude modulated transmission, frequency modulated transmission, and binary digital transmission. Digital electronics can be billions of times more accurate than analog, and the disadvantage of digital technology is that it requires very complex equipment. A digital radio receiver cannot be made with just a loose coil and a diode; it requires hundreds of transistors. The type of digital coding that is used most often for telephones, and also for CD and DVD music recordings, is pulse code modulation. Impedance matching and reflections are discussed at the end of the chapter.
Clinical Utility of Unbiased Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Diagnosis of Acute Infectious Diseases: A Prospective Case Series

Background. Unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) allows the identification of any pathogen based on nucleic acid sequence. Pan-pathogen detection may constitute an ideal diagnostic test for acute infectious diseases (ID), often caused by a wide variety of pathogens. Methods. To evaluate mNGS utility for ID diagnosis, acutely ill patients were enrolled in a prospective, institutional review board-approved research study comparing mNGS with conventional testing. Patients were referred for mNGS testing by ID specialists. Inclusion criteria included (1) high clinical suspicion of infection but no diagnosis to date, (2) extensive negative workup (“last resort” testing), (3) confirmation of infection by an agent suspected based on symptoms and travel history for which testing was not readily available or (4) for which speciation or genomic characterization might be clinically useful. Clinical samples were sequenced by mNGS, and data were analyzed using the SURPI bioinformatics pathogen detection pipeline. Results were communicated to referring providers. Results. We enrolled 28 patients from 4 hospitals with clinical syndromes including neurological symptoms (n = 15), pneumonia (n = 2), influenza-like illness (4) or other (n = 7). (1) In patients with high suspicion of infection, credible infectious etiology was found in 4 of 9 patients by mNGS, including neuroleptospirosis and astrovirus encephalitis diagnoses impacting management. (2) “Last resort” mNGS testing was performed in 10 cases; mNGS as well as conventional testing revealed no infectious etiology in all 10. (3) mNGS confirmed suspected etiology in 4 of 4 patients, including Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a patient with eosinophilic meningitis. (4) In 4 cases, mNGS was used to confirm infection by genomic characterization. Leishmania infantum was speciated in an imported case of visceral leishmaniasis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a lung transplant patient, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 in 2 previously vaccinated individuals. Conclusion. mNGS for pan-pathogen ID adds diagnostic value where infectious etiologies are suspected. In all 15 cases in which mNGS testing failed to detect a credible infectious etiology, conventional microbiological testing was also negative, suggesting that mNGS testing may be potentially useful as a “rule-out” assay to exclude infection. Disclosures. All authors: No reported disclosures.
Thick Silicon Strip Detectors for Small-Animal SPECT Imaging

In this work we report first experimental characterization of the detectors for an ultra-high-resolution, dual-headed, stationary SPECT system for 125I imaging. The detectors used for this purpose are one millimeter thick silicon double-sided strip detectors (DSSD) that have a measured intrinsic resolution of 59 mum. Such a high resolution allows the use of pinhole collimators at low magnification and very small pinhole diameters. The new detector is the second generation of silicon DSSD being investigated by our group for this application. Because the stopping power of silicon in the neighborhood of 30 keV is modest, significant increase in detection efficiency can be obtained by increasing the detector thickness from the standard thickness from 300 mum in the prototype detector to one mm in the current detector. Further improvements in SPECT imaging capabilities result from the increase in active area from 28 mm times 63 mm to 60 mm times 60 mm.
The Origin of Proteid Yolk in Drosophila melanogaster

1. The origin of the proteid yolk granules in the eggs of Drosophila melanogaster has been traced to precursors embedded in the matrix material of flakes which are emitted by the nucleoli of the nurse cells. 2. These emissions are of a lipoidal nature, as shown by their behaviour towards fixatives and stains. They have never been observed to come from the nucleolus of the germinal vesicle. 3. The precursors, once released from the matrix of the flakes, develop directly into individual proteid yolk granules.
CATALYTIC DEPHOSPHORYLATION USING CERIA NANOCRYSTALS

Phosphorus is a crucial element for living systems and plays significant roles in plant growth. The world’s supply of phosphorus today, however, relies on depleting feedstocks such as phosphate rocks, while the demand for phosphorus fertilizers escalates as the population continues to grow. It is thus urgent to develop sustainable sources and production methods for phosphorus. Here, we report on catalytic dephosphorylation for phosphorus recovery from organic and biological molecules. Ceria (CeO2) nanocrystals were synthesized with shape control and applied as artificial phosphatases to cleave the phosphate ester bond in para-nitrophenyl phosphate and release free phosphate anions in aqueous solutions. The dephosphorylation reaction was studied on the CeO2 nanocrystals at various temperatures to evaluate the dependences of rate constant, activation energy, and recyclability on the particle shape. The structure–property relationships established in these studies suggest that the oxygen vacancies on the sur...
Tape Casting of High-Performance Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Cells with Thin La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ Electrolytes and Impregnated Nano Anodes

Low-temperature solid oxide cells (LT-SOCs), operating at 400 to 650 °C, have great potential for commercialization since they can provide lower cost and improved long-term durability. Low operating temperature can also enable high round-trip efficiency of SOCs as reversible energy storage devices. This paper describes Sr0.8La0.2TiO3-α (SLT) anode supported LT-SOC with thin La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte made by tape casting, with screen printed La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3-δ (LSCF) cathode and impregnated Ni anode. Optimization of the anode functional layers is described; the best anodes had 68 vol % LSGM and 12.3 vol % Ni and yielded maximum power density of 1.6 Wcm-2 with a cell area specific resistance (ASR) of 0.21 Ωcm2 at 650 °C. Most of the cell ASR was associated with the cathode. Reversible electrolysis and fuel cell operation yielded similar characteristics with both 50% H2-50% H2O and syngas fuel. Life testing over 500 h showed that the cathode impedance stabilized after an initial break-in period; the ohmic and anode resistances, though relatively small, increased slightly with time.