cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of 381 Cases of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Prostitutes

Objective To investigate the prevalent of sexually transmitted diseases(STD) and its characteristics in 381 prostitutes and whoremasters in Yizheng from 2010 to 2012,and provide basis for formulating prevention policy.Methods General information about the 381 compulsory for prostitutes and whoremasters is analyzed,and sexual transmitted diseases are detected and analyzed.Results Among 381 prostitution and whoring personnel: women from other places from 30 to 39 years old group are in the largest number(42.67%,76 / 178).Whoring personnel,who are more local men,and over 50 years old,are in the largest number(38.92%,79 /203).Prostitutes in STD prevalence rate was significantly higher than that of whoremasters.In the detection of the STD,asymptomatic infection of syphilis(63.64%,35/55) and Chlamydia trachomatis(27.27%,15/55) are the main parts.Conclusion The infection rate of STD in prostitutes and whoremasters is high,characterized by venereal diseases with asymptomatic infection.Monitoring and regulating on prostitution treatment,and promotion of safe sex should be strengthened.
One-day cold perfusion of bimakalim and butanedione monoxime restores ex situ cardiac function

Bimakalim (Bim), an opener of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, was given alone or with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), a reversible uncoupler of contractility, to protect myocardial function during 1 day of hypothermia. Left ventricular pressure (LVP), coronary flow (CF), percent O2 extraction (%O2E), and cardiac efficiency were measured in 96 isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts divided into seven groups: 1) cold control (no drugs); 2) BDM; 3) Bim; 4) BDM + Bim; 5) BDM + glibenclamide (Glib, a blocker of KATP channels); 6) BDM + Bim + Glib; and 7) time control (6 h warm perfusion only). Drugs were given before, during, and initially after 22 h of low CF at 3.8 degrees C. At 26 h (cold groups) or 4 h (warm group) LVP (mmHg; means +/- SE) was similar for time control (94 +/- 4) and BDM + Bim (92 +/- 4) groups, lower and equivalent in the BDM (65 +/- 7) and BDM + Bim + Glib (64 +/- 7) groups, but LVP was higher than in the Bim group (46 +/- 3), and lowest in the cold control (30 +/- 8) group. In addition, only in the BDM + Bim group were basal CF, %O2E, and cardiac efficiency returned to values obtained in the time control group. Epinephrine increased LVP to that of the time control (106 +/- 3) group only in the BDM + Bim group (106 +/- 3) after hypothermia, and CF increases with adenosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and nitroprusside were similar to that of the time control group only in the BDM + Bim group after hypothermia. All of the effects of Bim were reversed by Glib. These results indicate that Bim, given with BDM, effectively preserves myocardial function and metabolism as well as inotropic and vasodilatory reserve during long-term hypothermic preservation as if the 1-day hypothermic state had not been instituted. Because the beneficial effects of Bim are blocked by Glib, the protective effect of Bim likely results from maintained KATP channel opening. Treatment with exogenous KATP openers may prove useful in preserving cardiac function in the transplanted heart.
Retrieval Analysis of Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Prostheses: Characterizing Fretting and Corrosion at Modular Interfaces

Introduction Wear debris generation in metal-on-metal (MOM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) has emerged as a compelling issue. In the UK, clinically significant fretting corrosion was reported at head-taper junctions of MOM hip prostheses from a single manufacturer (Langton 2011). This study characterizes the prevalence of fretting and corrosion at various modular interfaces in retrieved MOM THA systems used in the United States. Methods and Materials 106 MOM bearing systems were collected between 2003 and 2012 in an NIH-supported, multi-institutional retrieval program. From this collection, 88 modular MOM THA devices were identified, yielding 76 heads and 31 stems (22 modular necks) of 7 different bearing designs (5 manufacturers) for analysis. 10 modular CoCr acetabular liners and 5 corresponding acetabular shells were also examined. Mean age at implantation was 58 years (range, 30–85 years) and implantation time averaged 2.2 ± 1.8 years (range, 0–11.0 years). The predominant revision reason was loosening (n=52). Explants were cleaned and scored at the head taper, stem taper, proximal and distal neck tapers (for modular necks), liner, and shell interfaces in accordance with the semi-quantitative method of Goldberg et al. (2002). Results Fretting and corrosion were observed on 68/76 (89%) head tapers, 21/31 (68%) stem tapers, 15/22 (68%) proximal modular neck tapers, 20/22 (91%) distal modular neck tapers, 10/10 (100%) modular liners and 5/5 (100%) modular shells. Scores were lower at proximal stem tapers than within the head tapers (p = 0.001) but were positively correlated (ρ = 0.56, p = 0.001). At the head-neck interface, significantly more damage was noted on head tapers of devices with modular necks (p Discussion These results support the inclusion of fretting and corrosion evaluation in standardized MOM retrieval inspection protocols. Adaptation of the method developed by Goldberg and colleagues is suitable for the variety of modular connections in contemporary MOM THA implants, which may incorporate modular femoral and/or acetabular components. Further quantitative assessment of wear at modular interfaces of retrieved MOM devices is therefore warranted.
Ultra-bright and highly efficient organic electroluminescent devices with Al cathode

We report on devices with an Al/LiF cathode that exhibit luminance in excess of 17,000 cd/m2 and an external quantum efficiency of 2.5 %. The electron injection process in quinacridone doped organic light emitting devices has been enhanced tremendously by inserting a buffer layer of LiF.
From Face-to-Face to Facebook: The Role of Technology and Social Media in Adoptive Family Relationships with Birth Family Members

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study of 77 individuals in 40 couples (same-sex and heterosexual), who had adopted publically, privately, or internationally, examined parents' engagement with their child's birth family via technology (e.g., texting, e-mail, social media) through the lens of the Couple and Family Technology frame-work (Hertlein & Blumer, 2014). Parents used three approaches to contact: active, passive, and no contact. Regardless of approach, some parents described concerns about boundaries. Couples were generally in agreement in their perspectives on engaging with birth family via technology. Practitioners must be know-ledgeable about management of relationships via technology and help adoptive families set healthy boundaries.
CHAPTER 2 – A REVIEW OF SOME BASIC CONCEPTS AND RESULTS FROM THEORETICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA

This chapter establishes some notations and quickly reviews the basic definitions and concepts on matrices and vectors. The chapter describes fundamental results on vector and matrix norms in some details. It states some fundamental concepts and results involving the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, rank, range, null spaces, and the inverse of a matrix. It also explains the Cayley-Hamilton theorem with mathematical formulation and derivation. It presents orthogonal matrices and their important properties that are attractive for numerical computations such as the inverse of an orthogonal (unitary) matrix is just its transpose (conjugate transpose), the product of two orthogonal (unitary) matrices is an orthogonal (unitary) matrix, and the 2-norm and the Frobenius norm are invariant under multiplication by an orthogonal (unitary) matrix.
Non-White Race is an Independent Risk Factor for Hospitalization for Aortic Dissection.

Objective: To evaluate racial differences in the burden of aortic dissection. Design: Retrospective analysis of a comprehensive state-wide inpatient database. Setting: Acute care hospitals in the state of Maryland, 2009 – 2014. Participants: All hospitalized adults with aortic dissection (AD), stratified by race. Main Outcome Measures: Statewide and county-level population adjusted hospitalization rates, access to specialty aortic care, and mortality. Results: Of 3,719,412 admissions to Maryland hospitals during the study period, 3,190 had AD (.09%; 1665 White, 1525 non- White). Non-White race was more common in patients with AD than without (48% vs. 41%, P<.0001). Adjusted for statewide demographics, admission for AD was 1.4 times more common among non-Whites (11 vs. 8 per 100,000, P<.0001). Non-White race was an independent risk factor for AD admission (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4 – 1.7). Among patients with AD, non-Whites were younger and more often female, but had similar or lower rates of cardiovascular comorbidities. Non-White race was not associated with decreased access to care or increased mortality. Conclusion: Hospitalization for AD is more common among non-Whites, who develop AD at younger ages despite fewer comorbidities. While clinical correlates are limited from this dataset, this may reflect more severe pathophysiology related to clinical or socioeconomic factors among non-Whites. Further study is warranted to better define this disparity and identify high-risk subgroups who may benefit from aggressive primary prevention. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(3):363-368; doi:10.18865/ed.26.3.363
Female cystectomy with orthotopic urinary diversion: Is fear of urethral recurrence justified?

e16006Background: Orthotopic urinary diversion (OUD) following radical cystectomy (RC) is performed significantly less frequently in females compared with males. Reasons for this disparity are like...
Effect of Pre-Cure Freezing and Thawing on the Microflora, Fat Characteristics and Palatability of Dry-Cured Ham1

Hams were placed in cure after thawing by 3 methods: at 2C, at 16C, and in water at 37C. A fourth group was placed in cure while still frozen. Microbiological populations and fat rancidity tests were determined at various intervals during processing. Sensory scores and tenderness values were determined after 3 months of aging. Clostridium perfringens , Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli , coliforms and enterococci were not detected after salt equalization. Hams cured without thawing had lower initial bacterial, yeast and mold counts but no differences among thaw groups were observed in counts during aging. Hams thawed in water had lower flavor and overall satisfaction scores than the other groups. Fat breakdown as noted by FFA, TBA and peroxide values increased with aging but were erratic although ham cured without thawing had lower peroxide values. Satisfactory dry-cured aged hams were produced regardless of method of thawing. However, since hams cured without thawing had less weight loss, lower peroxide numbers, lower initial microbial counts and similar final microbial counts and sensory scores, it appears that hams do not need to be thawed to produce dry-cured aged hams.
Resolving Perceived Maternal-Fetal Conflicts Through Active Patient-Physician Collaboration

Mrs. Ford's preemptive refusal to allow a cesarean delivery may seem to Dr. Raymond to put the patient's wishes in conflict with her fetus's welfare. This perceived potential for maternal–fetal con...
Understanding the Functional Roles of Multiple Extracellular Domains in Cell Adhesion Molecules with a Coarse-Grained Model.

Abstract Intercellular contacts in multicellular organisms are maintained by membrane receptors called cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which are expressed on cell surfaces. One interesting feature of CAMs is that almost all of their extracellular regions contain repeating copies of structural domains. It is not clear why so many extracellular domains need to be evolved through natural selection. We tackled this problem by computational modeling. A generic model of CAMs was constructed based on the domain organization of neuronal CAM, which is engaged in maintaining neuron–neuron adhesion in central nervous system. By placing these models on a cell–cell interface, we developed a Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm that incorporates both molecular factors including conformational changes of CAMs and cellular factor including fluctuations of plasma membranes to approach the physical process of CAM-mediated adhesion. We found that the presence of multiple domains at the extracellular region of a CAM plays a positive role in regulating its trans-interaction with other CAMs from the opposite side of cell surfaces. The trans-interaction can further be facilitated by the intramolecular contacts between different extracellular domains of a CAM. Finally, if more than one CAM is introduced on each side of cell surfaces, the lateral binding (cis-interactions) between these CAMs will positively correlate with their trans-interactions only within a small energetic range, suggesting that cell adhesion is an elaborately designed process in which both trans- and cis-interactions are fine-tuned collectively by natural selection. In short, this study deepens our general understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell adhesion.
Diagnostic Testing Requested Before Surgical Evaluation for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Purpose We sought to evaluate how often physicians who perform carpal tunnel release in the state of Michigan routinely request electrodiagnostic studies (EDS) or other diagnostic tests prior to an initial consultation and whether provider or practice characteristics had an influence on requirements for preconsultation diagnostic tests. Methods Through online data sources, we identified 356 providers in 261 practices throughout the state of Michigan with profiles confirming hand surgery practice or surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We recorded American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) membership, teaching facility status, practice size, and primary specialty for each provider. Using a standardized telephone script, 219 providers were contacted by telephone to determine whether any diagnostic tests were needed before an appointment. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated the relationship between the requirement for preconsultation testing and surgeon and practice characteristics. Results Among the 134 providers who were confirmed to perform carpal tunnel release, 57% (n = 76) required and 9% (n = 12) recommended a diagnostic test prior to the initial consultation. Of the 88 physicians who required/recommended testing, 85% (n = 75) requested EDS, 22% (n = 19) requested magnetic resonance imaging, 13% (n = 11) requested a computed tomography scan, and 9% (n = 8) requested an x-ray. Patients were asked to have multiple studies by 19 (22%) of the 88 surgeons who requested/recommended testing. In the multivariable analysis, ASSH membership, size of practice, and teaching facility status did not have a significant relationship with the requirement for preconsultation testing. Conclusions Most surgeons who treat CTS in the state of Michigan routinely request EDS before evaluation, rather than reserving the test for cases in which the diagnosis is unclear. Clinical relevance In the quest for high-value care, providers must consider whether the benefit of diagnostic tests for CTS likely outweighs the costs, inconvenience, and potential for treatment delay.
SOUTH–SOUTH AND NORTH–SOUTH ECONOMIC EXCHANGES: DOES IT MATTER WHO IS EXCHANGING WHAT AND WITH WHOM?

This paper surveys the literature on costs and benefits of South–South versus North–South economic exchanges. Unlike the case for North–South exchanges, academic work on South–South economic relations has been historically limited given their marginal importance in the global economy. After the 1990s, the literature has changed in two main ways. First, South–South trade and finance since then has increased dramatically, leading to a bourgeoning literature on the topic. Second, the rise of the Emerging South has opened up new lines of inquiry to include not just the traditional topics of trade and preferential trading agreements, but also cover technology transfer, capital flows, labor migration, institutions, and environment. We discuss how this literature has evolved to take into account the greater complexity of South–South relations with a focus on China in Africa as well as the blurring of the lines between heterodox and mainstream analysis of South–South relations. We end the review by showing how the empirical and theoretical literature is exploring the increasing divergence within the global South between what we refer to as the Emerging South and the Rest of South.
Type I interferon signaling restrains IL-10R+ colonic macrophages and dendritic cells and leads to more severe Salmonella colitis

Type I interferons (IFNα, IFNβ) are key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity, modulating the severity of both viral and bacterial infections. While type I IFN signaling leads to improved outcomes in viral infections, its role in bacterial infections is more contextual and depends on the specific pathogen and route of infection. Given the limited evidence on whether type I IFN signaling affects enteric bacterial pathogens, we investigated the role of this signaling pathway in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium)-induced colitis. Comparing mice deficient in IFNAR1- the common receptor for IFNα and IFNβ- with wild-type mice, we found that type I IFN signaling leads to more rapid death, more severe colonic inflammation, higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and greater bacterial dissemination. Specific ablation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which are prominent producers of type I IFNs in antiviral responses, did not alter survival after infection. This result established that pDCs do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of S. typhimurium colitis. Flow cytometric analysis of macrophages and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) during active colitis demonstrated an increase in CD11c- macrophages and CD103+ cDCs in the colon of Ifnar1-/- animals. Interestingly, cells expressing the anti-inflammatory cytokine receptor IL-10R are more abundant within these subsets in Ifnar1-/- than in wild-type mice. Moreover, blockade of IL-10R in Ifnar1-/- mice increased their susceptibility to S. typhimurium colitis, suggesting that altered numbers of these immunoregulatory cells may underlie the difference in disease severity. This cross-talk between type I IFN and IL-10R signaling pathways may represent a key host cellular mechanism to investigate further in order to unravel the balance between pathogenic inflammation and homeostasis of the colon. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrate that type I IFN signaling is pathogenic in S. typhimurium colitis.
Antonio Pasquali. Un pasaje intelectual de la filosofía a la comunicación (1955-1958)

Fil: Sanchez Narvarte, Roberto Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicacion Social. Centro de Invetsig. En Problematicas Socio-simbolicas Latinoamericanas "anibal Ford"; Argentina
Marrow Hypocellularity, But Not Residual Blast Count or Receipt of Reinduction Chemotherapy, Is Prognostic on Day-14 Assessment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients With Morphologic Residual Disease.

Abstract Background Induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on the “7+3” cytarabine/anthracycline regimen. A nonhypocellular day 14 (D14) bone marrow sample with a blast count > 5% to 10% is suggestive of residual leukemia, for which a second course of induction chemotherapy has been recommended. Although the prognostic value of D14 bone marrow findings has been established, its use as a decision point is controversial because the benefit of repeat induction has been questioned. Patients and Methods In the present single-center retrospective study of 113 patients with newly diagnosed AML, we evaluated the role of cellularity on the clinical outcomes of patients with residual morphologic leukemia (blasts ≥ 5%). Among 64 patients with D14 bone marrow samples, 31 had residual morphologic leukemia. Results The complete remission (CR) rates were greater for the hypocellular (11 of 16) than for the nonhypocellular (4 of 15) patients (P = .03). The median overall survival (OS) for the hypocellular D14 patients was longer than that for the nonhypocellular patients (17 vs. 8 months; P = .02). No significant difference between the receipt of reinduction therapy and CR or OS was found on logistic or survival model analysis. The specificity for residual leukemia on D14 bone marrow samples was better for cellularity ≥ 20% and blasts ≥ 20% than for blasts ≥ 5%. Conclusion The results of our study have shown that patients with
Influence of body condition score on by-product yield and value from cull beef cows.

Mature beef cows (n = 122) represent- ing British and Continental phenotypes were slaugh- tered to measure the influence of body condition score (BCS) on by-product yield and value. All cows were weighed and assigned BCS, based on a 9-point scale, 24 h before slaughter. By-product weights were obtained during the slaughter process and included blood, feet (with hooves attached), oxlips, tongue, gullet, trachea, cheek meat, head meat, skull, tripe, honeycomb tripe, large and small intestines, spleen, mesenteric fat, wea- sand meat, kidneys, heart, lungs, and oxtail. By-prod- uct yields were calculated as a percentage of the ani- mal's live weight taken 24 h before slaughter. By-prod- uct values were computed by multiplying the weight of each piece removed during the slaughter process by the 1997 average price. Live weight increased linearly (P < .001) as BCS increased from 2 to 8, whereas Continental cows were approximately 86 kg heavier (P < .05) at slaughter than British cows. Cows assigned a BCS of 2 or 3 had greater (P < .05) skull, feet, tongue, tripe, honeycomb tripe, trachea, and lung yields than cows assigned a BCS of 4 or higher. On the other hand, BCS-
Computing with Spikes: The Advantage of Fine-Grained Timing.

Neural-inspired spike-based computing machines often claim to achieve considerable advantages in terms of energy and time efficiency by using spikes for computation and communication. However, fund...
Olympian: Scheduling GPU Usage in a Deep Neural Network Model Serving System

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are emerging as important drivers for GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) usage. Routinely, now, cloud offerings include GPU-capable VMs, and GPUs are used for training and testing DNNs. A popular way to run inference (or testing) tasks with DNNs is to use middleware called a serving system. Tensorflow-Serving (TF-Serving) is an example of a DNN serving system. In this paper, we consider the problem of carefully scheduling multiple concurrent DNNs in a serving system on a single GPU to achieve fairness or service differentiation objectives, a capability crucial to cloud-based TF-Serving offerings. In scheduling DNNs, we face two challenges: how to schedule, and switch between, different DNN jobs at low overhead; and, how to account for their usage. Our system, Olympian, extends TF-Serving to enable fair sharing of a GPU across multiple concurrent large DNNs at low overhead, a capability TF-Serving by itself is not able to achieve. Specifically, Olympian can run concurrent instances of several large DNN models such as Inception, ResNet, GoogLeNet, AlexNet and VGG, provide each with an equal share of the GPU, while interleaving them at timescales of 1-2 ms, and incurring an overhead of less than 2%. It achieves this by leveraging the predictability of GPU computations to profile GPU resource usage models offline, then using these to achieve low overhead switching between DNNs.
Advanced Prescription of Emergency Contraceptive Pills Among Adolescents and Young Adults.

Objective To examine healthcare providers' adherence to professional recommendations for advanced prescription of emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 432 visits by 282 unique nonpregnant women 14 to 25 years of age seen at an obstetrics and gynecology teaching clinic to determine the percentage of visits during which advanced prescriptions of ECPs were provided when indicated. A logistic regression model, which accounted for nonindependent observations through generalized estimating equations, was used to identify factors associated with the provision of ECP advanced prescriptions. Results Approximately one-fifth of eligible visits (19.9%) and eligible patients (19.1%) had documentation of an ECP advanced prescription when indicated. Healthcare providers in this clinical setting were more likely to prescribe ECPs to adolescents and women whose primary contraceptive methods were associated with higher failure rates in typical use, such as condoms. Compared with women aged 20 to 25 years, the adjusted odds ratio of receiving an advanced prescription for ECPs was 5.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.85-12.41) for adolescents. Compared with users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, the adjusted odds ratio was 4.25 (95% CI 1.62-11.15) for condom users, and 3.90 (95% CI 1.54-9.86) for users of other short-term hormonal contraceptives. Conclusions Despite clear professional recommendations for ECP advanced prescriptions for all women at risk for unintended pregnancy, a substantial gap exists between this standard of care and routine clinical service provision in an obstetrics and gynecology teaching clinic.
Stump-to-truck cable logging cost equations for young-growth douglas-fir

Logging cost simulators and data from logging cost studies have been assembled and converted into a series of equations that can be used to estimate the cost of logging young-growth coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco var. menziesii) in mountainous terrain of the Pacific Northwest. These equations were developed for two small cable yarders and one medium-sized yarder and are applicable for harvests of timber from 6 to 24 inches in diameter on slopes of 10 to 50%. Cost components can be easily calculated on a hand calculator. A computer pogram that can be adapted to many desktop computers and that will calculate the total stump-to-truck logging cost for a specified set of logging conditions is also available.
Learning to pose collaborative mathematics problems with secondary prospective teachers

Abstract The quality of mathematics problems has been a concern to mathematics educators. There are many frameworks to support teachers’ posing problems to students, however, these frameworks have tended to focus primarily on their cognitive demand (e.g., Smith & Stein, 1998 ). Rarely are mathematics problems considered in relation to their social and participation dimensions, namely whether or not they are designed to support students’ collaborative problem solving ( Featherstone et al., 2011 ; Horn, 2012 ; Lotan, 2003 ). In this article the authors explore secondary prospective teachers’ (PTs) analysis and adaptations of mathematics problems after they are introduced to frameworks that foreground collaboration and equity in the teaching and learning of mathematics. Implications are offered to future teachers of mathematics and mathematics education researchers.
Trauma and Sexual Risk: Do Men and Women Veterans Differ?

Abstract Purpose Trauma has been associated with risky sexual behavior in diverse populations. However, little is known about this association among men and women veterans. This study hypothesized that 1) a history of trauma would be associated with risky sexual behavior among men and women veterans, 2) interpersonal trauma would predict risky sexual behavior among women, whereas noninterpersonal trauma would predict risky sexual behavior among men, and 3) military-related trauma would constitute additional risk. Using data from 567 women and 524 men veterans enrolled at the Veterans Health Administration, this study investigated the association between trauma-related experiences and risky sexual behavior in the last 12 months. Risk and protective factors that have been frequently associated with sexual behavior in previous research were also included in the model. Methods This study was drawn from the Women Veterans Cohort Study, a national survey of veterans. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed after multiple imputation for missing data. Results Predictive factors associated with risky sexual behavior differed between men and women veterans. Among women, childhood sexual victimization and intimate partner violence were associated with risky sexual behavior. Among men, binge drinking was the single significant risk factor. Military exposures were not significantly associated with risky sexual behavior in either men or women. Conclusions This study lays the groundwork for theory-generating research into the psychological underpinnings of noted associations and underscores the importance of integrated health services to address the range of issues affecting sexual behavior and related health outcomes.
SpartanShield: A Layered Defense against Malvertising

Online advertising is a cornerstone of the internet in today's digital age. Malicious Advertising, colloquially known as malvertising, uses advertisements as an attack vector to spread malicious software to unsuspecting victims. As a solution, this research aims to provide a low cost and easy to use layered defense against malvertising using a web browsing configuration of the ad blocking Browser Brave, ad blocking extension uBlock Origin, and the Pi-Hole DNS sinkhole. This configuration, aptly dubbed SpartanShield, provides significant performance gains and ad blocking over the base browsers used for comparison which are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Opera.
MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN

There are several macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP), MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, MIP-1γ/CCL9/10, MIP-1δ/CCL15, MIP-4/CCL18, MIP-3α/CCL19, MIP-3β/CCL20, and MIP-2/CXCL2. With the exception of MIP-2/CXCL2 they are all CC chemokines. In contrast MIP-2/CXCL2 is a CXC chemokine that is a murine functional homolog of CXCL8/IL-8. With the exception of MIP-2/CXCL2 and in common with the other CC chemokines they are all chemotactic for mononuclear leukocytes with varying specificity for particular cell types. In contrast the sole member of the CXC chemokine family, MIP-2/CXCL2, is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and promotes angiogenesis in vivo. Various members of the MIP family have been implicated in pulmonary host defense and the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
A grounded theory of adoption and maintenance of physical activity among autistic adults.

Background:Although a growing body of literature has explored the physical activity experiences from the perspective of children on the autism spectrum, the perspective of autistic adults remains l...
From containment to harm reduction from SARS-CoV-2: a fabric mask for enhanced effectiveness, comfort, and compliance

Although the COVID-19 pandemic shows no signs of abating, public health strategies have transitioned from containment to harm reduction. In light of this paradigm shift, it is critical that individ...
Arctic Climate Change, Variability, and Extremes

Global warming over the past half century has been amplified in the Arctic, especially in the cold season. Other Arctic indicators, especially those of the cryosphere, show signals consistent with the warming of the past half century. This Arctic amplification of the warming arises from a number of processes in the climate system, including the feedbacks associated with the loss of sea ice and snow, the increase of atmospheric moisture, and the vertical temperature structure of the Arctic atmosphere. Ocean heat fluxes into the Arctic from the North Atlantic and North Pacific also appear to have contributed to the Arctic warming through a reduction of sea ice. Internal variability, which played a major role in Arctic warming during the early twentieth century, appears to have been a minor contributor to the more recent warming, which has also been associated with unprecedented extremes of Arctic temperature and sea ice. There is evidence for increased moisture content of the Arctic atmosphere and corresponding impacts on episodes of extreme warmth. The recent variations of Arctic temperature and associated variables fit well with the simulations of Arctic climate by global and regional climate models. Projected changes include a continued warming of the Arctic even under moderate mitigation scenarios, and an increase of Arctic precipitation consistent with the higher temperatures and atmospheric humidities.
Matrices and Homogeneous Coordinates

As shown in Chap. 1, we can define the real projective plane as a set of ordered triples in a way that points at infinity are included. Further, a collineation ϕ can be defined by matrix multiplication: \(\phi (\vec {x})= M \vec {x} \) where M is a 3-by-3 non-singular matrix and \(\vec {x}\) is an ordered triple. (A 3-by-3 matrix is non-singular when its determinant is not zero.)
100th anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: Enabling advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques

In the past few decades there has been a revolution in the field of optical microscopy with emerging capabilities such as super-resolution and single-molecule fluorescence techniques. Combined with...
Single-case experimental designs: Characteristics, changes, and challenges

Tactics of Scientific Research (Sidman, 1960) provides a visionary treatise on single-case designs, their scientific underpinnings, and their critical role in understanding behavior. Since the foundational base was provided, single-case designs have proliferated especially in areas of application where they have been used to evaluate interventions with an extraordinary range of clients, settings, and target foci. This article highlights core features of single-case experimental designs, how key and ancillary features of the designs have evolved, the special strengths of the designs, and challenges that have impeded their integration in many areas where their contributions are sorely needed. The article ends by placing the methodological approach in the context of other research traditions. In this way, the discussion moves from the specific designs toward foundations and philosophy of science issues in keeping with the strengths of the person and book we are honoring.
Computing Security Scores for IoT Device Vulnerabilities

In today’s computing edge, security and data privacy is considered as one of the most critical aspects that hinders the wide spread adoption of large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Therefore, being able to understand the device-level vulnerabilities and determine the security level of a certain device is crucial for their acceptance. Motivated with this, we compute the security score for each common vulnerability of IoT devices within three primary IoT domains (i.e., healthcare, commerce, and home-automation) using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) method. Specifically, IoT devices within these primary domains are isolated and analyzed for common vulnerabilities to generate quantitative and qualitative scores using the CVSS exploitability, impact, and scope metrics. The finding of this research work will empower different stakeholders (e.g., risk analysts, IT departments, or any individual user) with the ability to understand the security risks associated with the IoT devices.
Myosin II and Arp2/3 cross-talk governs intracellular hydraulic pressure and lamellipodia formation.

RhoA signaling can inhibit lamellipodia formation via two distinct pathways in high-pressure cells.
Inherent Beta Cell Dysfunction Contributes to Autoimmune Susceptibility

The pancreatic beta cell is a highly specialized cell type whose primary function is to secrete insulin in response to nutrients to maintain glucose homeostasis in the body. As such, the beta cell has developed unique metabolic characteristics to achieve functionality; in healthy beta cells, the majority of glucose-derived carbons are oxidized and enter the mitochondria in the form of pyruvate. The pyruvate is subsequently metabolized to induce mitochondrial ATP and trigger the downstream insulin secretion response. Thus, in beta cells, mitochondria play a pivotal role in regulating glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In type 2 diabetes (T2D), mitochondrial impairment has been shown to play an important role in beta cell dysfunction and loss. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoimmunity is the primary trigger of beta cell loss; however, there is accumulating evidence that intrinsic mitochondrial defects could contribute to beta cell susceptibility during proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, there is speculation that dysfunctional mitochondrial responses could contribute to the formation of autoantigens. In this review, we provide an overview of mitochondrial function in the beta cells, and discuss potential mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to T1D pathogenesis.
Electromagnetic Modeling of High-Channel Count Head Receiver Arrays for ultra-High Field MRI

Electromagnetic simulations of ultra-high field receive coil arrays featuring 32, 64, and 128 channels are currently being performed to support of head imaging coil development for 7 and 10.5 Tesla MRI systems. Ultra-High field is a powerful tool for research and medical diagnostics. For typical head and brain imaging applications, it is desirable to have many receiver channels to take advantage of parallel imaging techniques to provide acceleration and reduce susceptibility artifacts [1] , [2] . Acceleration comes at the cost of SNR, so maximizing signal to noise ratio (SNR) is critical for optimal imaging and spectroscopy. While high channel count receive arrays will have adequate SNR in the peripheral regions of the brain, SNR in the central regions poses a challenge. Increased static magnetic field is expected to improve the central SNR [3] and is one of the main research goals of the 10.5T system at Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR) at the University of Minnesota. A series of coils is currently under development at CMRR to investigate the relative merits of field strength, receive channel count, and geometry. These coils feature an outer transmitter housing with an exchangeable head conforming receiver assembly with nominal channel counts of 32, 64, and 128.
Nodal metastases in small rectal neuroendocrine tumours.

AIM Rectal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are the most common type of gastrointestinal NET. European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society guidelines suggest that rectal NETs measuring ≤10 mm are indolent with low risk of spread. In practice, many patients with lesions ≤1 cm do not undergo complete tumour staging. However, the size of the lesion may not be the only risk factor for nodal involvement/metastases. The aim of this study was to determine if MRI ± nuclear medicine imaging alters tumour stage in patients with rectal NETs ≤10 mm. METHODS Patients referred to a tertiary NET centre between 2005 and 2020 who met the inclusion criteria of a rectal NET ≤10 mm, full cross-sectional imaging, primarily an MRI scan and, if abnormal findings were identified, a subsequent 68 Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography scan were included. All patients were followed up at our institution. RESULTS In all, 32 patients with rectal NETs 10 mm or less were included in the study: 16 women; median age 58 years (range 33-71); 47% (n = 15) were referred from bowel cancer screening procedures. The median size of the lesions was 5 mm (range 2-10 mm). 81% (n = 26) were World Health Organization Grade 1 tumours with Ki67 <3%. Radiological staging confirmed nodal involvement in 25% (8/32); two cases had distant metastatic disease. Lymphovascular invasion was present in 3% (1/32) of patients but none demonstrated peri-neural invasion. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that small rectal NETs can develop nodal metastases; therefore it is important to stage these tumours accurately with MRI at baseline and, if there are concerns regarding potential lymph node metastases, to consider 68 Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography imaging.
Coral Reef Algae

Benthic macroalgae, or “seaweeds,” are key members of coral reef communities that provide vital ecological functions such as stabilization of reef structure, production of tropical sands, nutrient retention and recycling, primary production, and trophic support. Macroalgae of an astonishing range of diversity, abundance, and morphological form provide these equally diverse ecological functions. Marine macroalgae are a functional rather than phylogenetic group comprised of members from two Kingdoms and at least four major Phyla. Structurally, coral reef macroalgae range from simple chains of prokaryotic cells to upright vine-like rockweeds with complex internal structures analogous to vascular plants. There is abundant evidence that the historical state of coral reef algal communities was dominance by encrusting and turf-forming macroalgae, yet over the last few decades upright and more fleshy macroalgae have proliferated across all areas and zones of reefs with increasing frequency and abundance. Ecological processes that sustain these shifts from coral- to algal-dominated tropical reefs include increases in open suitable substrate due to coral mortality, anthropogenic increases in nutrient supply, reductions in herbivory due to disease and overfishing, and the proliferation of algae with chemical defenses against herbivory. These shifts are likely to be accelerated and the algal state stabilized by the impacts of invasive species and climate change. Thus, algal-dominated tropical reefs may represent alternative stable states that are resistant to shifts back to coral domination due to the strength and persistence of ecological processes that stabilize the algal state.
HISTOLOGY OF THE UTERUS AND OVARIES AFTER LONG-TERM CYCLIC NORETHYNODREL THERAPY

The histologic findings in the ovaries and uteri of 27 women who had taken Enovid for up to 2 years are presented. Cervices showed hypersecretion in the endocervical glands consistently in patients who had taken the drug for more than 6 cycles. Endometrial changes included : 1) sparse straight glands throughout the cycle 2) secretory activity beginning about Day 9 and exhausted by Day 20 3) mild edema between Days 8 and 17 and 4) extreme thinness. Ovaries were generally inactive; inactive cystic and atretic follicles were present in most cases and no corpora lutea were found. 3 instances of pelvic thrombi were found. In a small number of women studied after cessation of therapy ovulation was frequently delayed 10 days to 2 weeks beyond the usual 14-day point. Discussion includes the findings of pelvic thrombi and the possible relation of Enovid therapy to fatal pulmonary embolism.
Cutaneous larva migrans in northern climates: A souvenir of your dream vacation

Three young women recently returned to the metropolitan Detroit area with cutaneous larva migrans. All three had vacationed at a popular club resort on the Caribbean island of Martinique. Cutaneous larva migrans is frequently seen in the southern United States, Central and South America, and other subtropical areas but rarely in northern climates. Several organisms can cause cutaneous larva migrans, or creeping eruption. The larvae of the nematode Ancylostoma braziliense are most often the causative organisms. Travel habits of Americans make it necessary for practitioners in northern climates to be familiar with diseases contracted primarily in warmer locations. The life cycle of causative organisms and current therapy are reviewed.
An opamp with 375V&#181;s slew rate, &#177;100mA output current

A report on a bipolar opamp which exhibits a 375V/μs slew rate, a 60MHz gain bandwidth product, and a voltage gain of 25K will be presented. The output circuit can drive ±100mA.
Modeling and classification of biological signals using least squares Prony-SVD AR modeling [underwater acoustics]

Examines various marine biological signals and estimates models of these signals using a least-squares Prony/SVD algorithm. Two classification procedures are presented; the first technique uses a back-propagation neural network, and the second method is based on various spectral distances. Performances of the methods are compared and the characteristics of each technique are discussed. >
Run-time type checking for binary programs

Many important software systems are written in the C programming language. Unfortunately, the C language does not provide strong safety guarantees, and many common programming mistakes introduce type errors that are not caught by the compiler. These errors only manifest themselves at run time through unexpected program behavior, and it is often hard to isolate and identify their causes. This paper presents the Hobbes run-time type checker for compiled C programs. Our tool interprets compiled binaries, tracks type information for all memory and register locations, and reports warnings when a variety of type errors occur. Because the Hobbes type checker does not rely on source code, it is effective in many situations where similar tools are not, such as when full source code is not available or when C source is linked with program fragments written in assembly or other languages.
Clinical Evaluation of Ftorafur (Pyrimidine-deoxyribose N1-2′-Furanidyl-5-fluorouracil)

Ftorafur, a possible sustained-release formulation of 5-fluorouracil, was administered to 27 patients with metastatic cancers. The majority of patients had adenocarcinoma, most of which (60%) arose from the gastrointestinal tract. Ftorafur was given i.v. at doses ranging from 1 to 3 g/sq m/day for 5 days, repeated every 2 to 3 weeks. Gastrointestinal (68%) and neurological (17%) toxicities were the most common side effects encountered in this study and became dose limiting at doses greater than 2 g/sq m/day for 5 days. Myelosuppression (7%) was infrequent. Other toxicities included weakness (20%), chills and fever (8%), and phlebitis (1%). Of 24 evaluable patients, 4 (17%) responded (1 complete and 3 partial remissions). Responses were seen in 1 of 8 carcinomas of the lung, 1 of 5 carcinomas of the stomach, 1 of 3 carcinomas of the colon, and 1 of 1 carcinoma of the jejunum. The duration of response ranged from 4 to 58 weeks. The results of this study resemble somewhat those obtained with the laborious 5-day continuous i.v. infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Daily doses of 2 g/sq m for 5 days, repeated every 3 weeks, produced significant antitumor effect and tolerable toxicity.
A uniform approximation to the sampling distribution of the coefficient of variation

Abstract According to Hendricks and Robey (1936) the coefficient of variation from a normal population with sample size n can be approximated by a function defined on the positive real line, which depends on the standard normal moment of order n − 1 about some well-defined point. Simple conditions under which this approximation is valid are derived. It is shown that the approximation error depends upon a standard normal stop-loss moment of order n − 1 about some point. As a main result we obtain a uniform error bound to the exact sampling density of the order of magnitude exp (− n /2 k 2 ), where k is the coefficient of variation.