cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supply planning models for a remanufacturer under just-in-time manufacturing environment with reverse logistics

We study a supply planning problem in a manufacturing system with two stages. The first stage is a remanufacturer that supplies two closely-related components to the second (manufacturing) stage, which uses each component as the basis for its respective product. The used products are recovered from the market by a third-party logistic provider through an established reverse logistics network. The remanufacturer may satisfy the manufacturer’s demand either by purchasing new components or by remanufacturing components recovered from the returned used products. The remanufacturer’s costs arise from product recovery, remanufacturing components, purchasing original components, holding inventories of recovered products and remanufactured components, production setups (at the first stage and at each component changeover), disposal of recovered products that are not remanufactured, and coordinating the supply modes. The objective is to develop optimal production plans for different production strategies. These strategies are differentiated by whether inventories of recovered products or remanufactured components are carried, and by whether the order in which retailers are served during the planning horizon may be resequenced. We devise production policies that minimize the total cost at the remanufacturer by specifying the quantity of components to be remanufactured, the quantity of new components to be purchased from suppliers, and the quantity of recovered used products that must be disposed. The effects of production capacity are also explored. A comprehensive computational study provides insights into this closed-loop supply chain for those strategies that are shown to be NP-hard.
The evolution of the Chinese online gaming industry

Purpose – This paper seeks to examine the growth of the Chinese online gaming industry and disentangle the mechanisms behind the emergence of unique online gaming culture in China. Design/methodology/approach – This is a review paper that provides a detailed and state-of-the-art overview of the development of the Chinese online gaming Industry. Findings – The findings indicate that online gaming is a remarkable example of an industry that is rapidly growing due to innovative business models of Chinese companies. Chinese companies are also working with the government to improve formal institutions to promote the growth of online gaming. Furthermore, we also found that Chinese online gaming industry resembles other technology industries in the country such as those related to handset and PC. Although Chinese companies were traditionally weak in creating new technologies, they have demonstrated success in some modern technologies in recent years. In the early stage of the growth, foreign players dominated the Chinese gaming industry. In recent years, this industry is characterized by the dominance of domestic players in the ecosystem catering to the full value chain of the industry. Research limitations/implications – A lack of primary data and empirical documentation and a lack of in-depth treatment of some of the key issues are major limitations here. Practical implications – The paper examines the implications of China's rapidly growing online gaming industry for high-technology businesses all over the world. The findings of this paper would help understand the opportunities for foreign multinational companies to enter the Chinese technology market or to intensify their operations in the country as well as the risks associated with China's unique institutions. Originality/value – This paper's greatest value stems from the fact that it analyzes demand conditions, industry structure and transfer and export conditions from the standpoint of the Chinese online gaming industry and market.
Range Resolution of Targets

The problem of resolving targets in range is formulated as a hypothesis-testing problem. A generalized likelihood approach is developed and very good results are obtained, e. g., targets separated by more than a pulsewidth can almost always be resolved, Specifically, simulations showed that when using a sampling rate of 1.5 samples per pulsewidth, two 20 dB nonfluctuating targets can be resolved at a resolution probability of 0.9 and at a false-alarm probability of 0.01 at separations varying between ? and ? of a pulsewidth, depending on the relative phase difference between the targets. The effect of increasing the sampling rate was investigated and it appears that there is only marginal benefit in increasing the sampling rate beyond 1.5 samples per pulsewidth. Finally, the generalized likelihood approach was compared to several easily implemented adhoc approaches and an adhoc approach involving fitting a pulse shape to the data is only slightly (approximately 10%) less accurate than the likelihood approach.
Steady spherical hypercritical accretion onto neutron stars

The present study of hypercritical accretion flows onto neutron stars considers steady-state, spherically symmetric flows whose accretion rate range is characterized by the carrying away of gravitational-accretion energy by neutrinos. The models used encompass pair production, radiation diffusion, and general relativistic effects. While pair pressure dominates throughout the accretion envelope when accretion rates above about 100 solar masses/yr, radiation diffusion becomes important when the accretion rate falls below about 0.001 solar masses/yr. At the lower accretion rates, free fall toward the neutron-star surface stops and an extended, quasi-static, radiation pressure-supported envelope emerges which is probably dynamically unstable. 35 refs.
Statutory Right of Redemption and the Selling Price of Foreclosed Houses

In some states properties are subject to a statutory right of redemption, which allows the previous homeowner and other parties to “redeem” the property for some designated period of time after the date of foreclosure. The statutory right of redemption exposes purchasers to the risk that they may lose their property ownership and may not be reimbursed for property improvements. This study examines a large sample of Alabama foreclosure transactions to determine the effect of the statutory right of redemption on the net selling price. The findings of a search of redeemed properties indicate that the actual number of property redemptions is quite small; however, the average economic loss is estimated to approach 40 %. Also, an examination of 1,860 foreclosed properties from 2004 to 2012 shows that the right of redemption option influences the net selling price. For a property purchased with a $90,000 exercise price (foreclosed auction selling price), a 10 % increase in the foreclosed auction price increases the net selling price by as much as $250 in 2007–2012. The effect of the redemption option is less during 2004–2006 but it is still statistically significant for the most distant time to expiry.
Jovian chromophore characteristics from multispectral HST images

The chromophores responsible for coloring the jovian atmosphere are embedded within Jupiter's vertical aerosol structure. Sunlight propagates through this vertical distribution of aerosol particles, whose colors are defined by omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda), and we remotely observe the culmination of the radiative transfer as I/F(lambda). In this study, we employed a radiative transfer code to retrieve omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) for particles in Jupiter's tropospheric haze at seven wavelengths in the near-UV and visible regimes. The data consisted of images of the 2008 passage of Oval BA to the south of the Great Red Spot obtained by the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on-board the Hubble Space Telescope. We present derived particle colors for locations that were selected from 14 weather regions, which spanned a large range of observed colors. All omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curves were absorbing in the blue, and omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) increased monotonically to approximately unity as wavelength increased. We found accurate fits to all omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curves using an empirically derived functional form: omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) = 1 A exp(-B lambda). The best-fit parameters for the mean omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) curve were A = 25.4 and B = 0.0149 for lambda in units of nm. We performed a principal component analysis (PCA) on our omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) results and found that one or two independent chromophores were sufficient to produce the variations in omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda). A PCA of I/F(lambda) for the same jovian locations resulted in principal components (PCs) with roughly the same variances as the omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) PCA, but they did not result in a one-to-one mapping of PC amplitudes between the omega-bar (sub 0)(lambda) PCA and I/F(lambda) PCA. We suggest that statistical analyses performed on I/ F(lambda) image cubes have limited applicability to the characterization of chromophores in the jovian atmosphere due to the sensitivity of 1/ F(lambda) to horizontal variations in the vertical aerosol distribution.
Why are the effects of money-supply shocks asymmetric? Evidence from prices, consumption, and investment

This paper investigates why the effects of money on output are asymmetric. We show that Cover's (1992) methodology is a special case of a more general model which enables us to distinguish between two sets of theories consistent with the output asymmetries: a convex aggregate supply, and a pushing-on-a-string view. We find that the effects of money on prices are symmetric, which is consistent with both sets of theories being operative at once. We also show that consumption responds symmetrically to money, whereas the response of fixed investment is characterized by asymmetries very similar to those that affect output. Finally, we find that the asymmetries in the effects of money-supply shocks are intensified by increases in the rate of inflation.
A generation of microwave ferrite devices

The development of microwave ferrite materials and devices over the last thirty years is traced. The status of materials, devices, and theoretical understanding prevalent in the mid-1950s is first reviewed. Developments in materials engineering of garnets and lithium ferrites in the 1960s and 1970s are described, along with the evolution of circulators and phase shifters. Current levels of performance achievable in circulators and phase shifters are described, and future challenges and opportunities are discussed. >
A COMPARISON OF THE DIAGNOSES OF A GRAPHOLOGIST WITH THE RESULTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS

A class of twenty-four students who had previously been given intelligence, interest, and personality tests wrote to a newspaper graphologist for vocational guidance, their university connection being disguised and the requests being staggered over a period of more than one week. The vocational recommendations and the diagnoses of personality traits were then compared with the test scores. It was found that: 1. Assuming that a certain minimum intelligence is necessary for a given occupation, the occupations recommended by the graphologist showed no more than a change relationship with the recommendations which a psychologist would have made on the basis of intelligence tests. 2. Assuming that a certain pattern of interests is desirable for adjustment in an occupation, the occupation recommended by the graphologist were quite different from those which a psychologist would have recommended on the basis of an interest inventory, certain unsuitable occupations being recommended with more than chance frequency by the graphologist. 3. The graphologist's estimates of the students' personality traits showed no more than a chance agreement with those made by a psychologist on the basis of personality inventories in the case of four traits, and in the case of the two others were worse than change, again revealing a constant error. 4. There was reason for ascribing these constant errors to a belief in the existence of opportunities in certain areas rather than to poor diagnosis alone, and to the use of clues to personality traits not intrinsic in handwriting. 5. It was pointed out that, with certain graphological principles gaining acceptance in scientific circles, it is still important to check the activities of persons who claim to use these newer principles.
Euler Integrals for Commuting SLEs

Schramm-Loewner Evolutions (SLEs) have proved an efficient way to describe a single continuous random conformally invariant interface in a simply-connected planar domain; the admissible probability distributions are parameterized by a single positive parameter κ. As shown in, Ref. 8 the coexistence of n interfaces in such a domain implies algebraic (“commutation”) conditions. In the most interesting situations, the admissible laws on systems of n interfaces are parameterized by κ and the solution of a particular (finite rank) holonomic system.
Reconnection Electric Field and Hardness of X-Ray Emission of Solar Flares

Magnetic reconnection is believed to be the prime mechanism that triggers solar flares and accelerates electrons up to energies of MeV. In the classical two-dimensional reconnection model, the separation motion of chromospheric ribbons, manifests the successive reconnection that takes place higher up in the corona. Meanwhile, downward traveling energetic electrons bombard the dense chromosphere and create hard X-ray (HXR) emissions, which provide a valuable diagnostic of electron acceleration. Analyses of ribbon dynamics and the HXR spectrum have been carried out separately. In this Letter, we report a study of the comparison of reconnection electric field measured from ribbon motion and hardness (spectral index) of X-ray emission derived from X-ray spectrum. Our survey of the maximum average reconnection electric field and the minimum overall spectral index for 13 two-ribbon flares shows that they are strongly anticorrelated. The former is also strongly correlated with flare magnitude measured using the peak flux of soft X-ray emissions. These provide strong support for electron acceleration models based on the electric field generated at reconnecting current sheet during flares.
Nonlinear Control of Motion Synchronization for Satellite Proximity Operations

This paper considers the problem of motion synchronization of free-flying robotic spacecraft and serviceable floating objects in space. The synchronization maneuvers are a combination of relative position tracking and attitude reorientation. Control laws are developed that ensure that the relative position vector between a pursuer and target spacecraft is always directed toward the docking port of the target. The tracking-error reference signals are generated based on a novel "virtual target" construction. Also, the attitude reorientation of the pursuer is achieved by constructing a desired attitude from the virtual target, and the control law seeks to nullify the errors between the current and desired attitude parameters. The control law synthesis proceeds along familiar, established procedures motivated by feedback-linearization-based approaches. Disturbance torques due to gravity gradient and other unknown but bounded disturbances are accounted for using an adaptive control formulation. The stability of the control laws are demonstrated via Lyapunov analysis and Matrosov's theorem Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the efficacy of this control formulation.
Fourier transform spectrometry with a near infrared supercontinuum source

Near-infrared Fourier transform absorption spectrometry with a supercontinuum (SC) source is demonstrated for trace methane detection. The SC source allows for long distance propagation while exhibiting amplitude noise ten times greater than comparable incandescent sources.
Integrating economic and environmental models: Some preliminary considerations

Abstract In many regions, there are major nonpecuniary components of income in the form of services of environmental assets and of human activities that protect and enhance the environment. Therefore, an important research frontier in regional forecasting and simulation modeling should be the incorporation of environmental assets into input-output and econometric models. Despite its importance, however, work on integrated economic-environmental models has lagged after a spurt of model building in the 1970s. I discuss the importance of the topic and a number of issues that arise in building such integrated models. Specific topics include: theoretical principles that should guide the research; a general matrix framework that accounts for flows within the economy and between the economy and environmental media, and that identifies “environment-improving industries” as separate sectors; possibilities for applying principles of environmental benefit-cost analysis to regional forecasting and simulation models; and important conclusions for regional modeling research. The paper is wholly theoretical; while it presents what one might call a “model of a model”, it has no operational model or empirical specifications.
Pedestrian Detection and Tracking Using Three-dimensional LADAR Data

The approach investigated in this work employs three-dimensional LADAR measurement to detect and track pedestrians over time. The sensor is employed on a moving vehicle. The algorithm quickly detects the objects which have the potential of being humans using a subset of these points, and then classifies each object using statistical pattern recognition techniques. The algorithm uses geometric and motion features to recognize human signatures. The perceptual capabilities described form the basis for safe and robust navigation in autonomous vehicles, necessary to safeguard pedestrians operating in the vicinity of a moving robotic vehicle.
The Sub-surface Structure of a Large Sample of Active Regions

We employ ring-diagram analysis to study the sub-surface thermal structure of active regions. We present results using a large number of active regions over the course of Solar Cycle 23. We present both traditional inversions of ring-diagram frequency differences, with a total sample size of 264, and a statistical study using Principal Component Analysis. We confirm earlier results on smaller samples that sound speed and adiabatic index are changed below regions of strong magnetic field. We find that sound speed is decreased in the region between approximately r=0.99 R ⊙ and r=0.995 R ⊙ (depths of 3 Mm to 7 Mm) and increased in the region between r=0.97 R ⊙ and r=0.985 R ⊙ (depths of 11 Mm to 21 Mm). The adiabatic index [Γ1] is enhanced in the same deeper layers where sound-speed enhancement is seen. A weak decrease in adiabatic index is seen in the shallower layers in many active regions. We find that the magnitudes of these perturbations depend on the strength of the surface magnetic field, but we find a great deal of scatter in this relation, implying that other factors may be relevant.
Evidence for a Massive Black Hole in the S0 Galaxy NGC 4342

We present axisymmetric dynamical models of the edge-on S0 galaxy NGC 4342. This small low-luminosity galaxy harbors, in addition to its outer disk, a bright nuclear stellar disk. A combination of observations from the ground and with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has shown that NGC 4342 rotates rapidly and has a strong central increase in velocity dispersion. We construct simple two-integral Jeans models as well as fully general, three-integral models. The latter are built using a modified version of Schwarzschild's orbit-superposition technique developed by Rix et al. and Cretton et al. These models allow us to reproduce the full line-of-sight velocity distributions, or "velocity profiles" (VPs), which we parameterize by a Gauss-Hermite series. The modeling takes seeing convolution and pixel binning into account. The two-integral Jeans models suggest a black hole (BH) mass between 3 and 6×108 M☉, depending on the data set used to constrain the model, but they fail to fit the details of the observed kinematics. The three-integral models can fit all ground-based and HST data simultaneously, but only when a central BH is included. Models without BHs are ruled out to a confidence level of better than 99.73%. We determine a BH mass of 3.0+1.7−1.0×108 M☉, where the errors are the formal 68.3% confidence levels. This corresponds to 2.6% of the total mass of the bulge, making NGC 4342 one of the galaxies with the highest BH mass to bulge mass ratio currently known. The models that best fit the data do not have a two-integral phase-space distribution function. They have rather complex dynamical structures: the velocity anisotropies are strong functions of radius reflecting the multicomponent structure of this galaxy. When no central BH is included, the best-fit model tries to fit the high central velocity dispersion by placing stars on radial orbits. The high rotation velocities measured, however, restrict the amount of radial anisotropy such that the central velocity dispersion measured with the HST can be fit only when a massive BH is included in the models.
Necessary and sufficient conditions to perform Spectral Tetris

Abstract Spectral Tetris is a powerful tool for constructing sparse equal norm Hilbert space frames. We introduce a new form of Spectral Tetris which works for non-equal-norm frames. It is known that this method cannot construct all frames—even in the new case introduced here. Until now, it has been a mystery why Spectral Tetris sometimes works and sometimes fails. We provide a complete answer by giving necessary and sufficient conditions for Spectral Tetris to construct frames with prescribed vector norms and prescribed frame operator. We present a variety of examples and include cases where Spectral Tetris always works.
Room temperature palladium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes.

A mild and facile Pd-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes is described. This reaction takes place at room temperature and is tolerant of synthetically useful acid-sensitive functional groups. The formation of hydroamination products rather than oxidative amination products is due to the use of a tridentate ligand on Pd which effectively inhibits β-hydride elimination.
A Comparison of Two-Phase Inflow Performance Relationships

Petroleum engineers are routinely required to predict the pressure-production behavior of individual oil wells. These estimates of well performance assist the engineer in evaluating various operating conditions, determining the optimum production scheme, and designing production equipment and artificial lift systems. In this paper, commonly used empirical inflow performance relationships for estimating the pressure-production behavior during two-phase flow are investigated. Relationships studied include those proposed by Vogel, Fetkovich, Jones, Blount and Glaze, Klins and Majcher, and Sukarno. Each method will be briefly described and methods used to develop the relationship will be discussed. Based on actual vertical well data, the relationships are used to predict performance for twenty-six cases. The predicted performance is then compared to actual measured rate and pressure data. The variation between the predicted and measured data are analyzed. From this analysis, recommendations are made on the use of inflow performance relationships to predict performance, collection of data, and the quality of performance estimates.
Endogenous Trip Scheduling: The Henderson Approach Reformulated and Compared with the Vickrey Approach

Abstract The Henderson approach to modeling peak-period congestion lacks equilibria when lateness is prohibited. This paper reformulates the Henderson approach and compares it to the Vickrey approach both analytically and numerically. The behavior of the reformulated Henderson approach varies with its elasticity of travel delay with respect to traffic flow, while the Vickrey approach lacks such flexibility. The behavior of the Vickrey approach is the limit of that of the reformulated Henderson approach as the elasticity of travel delay goes to infinity.
Diversity Polynomials for the Analysis of Temporal Correlations in Wireless Networks

The interference in wireless networks is temporally correlated, since the node or user locations are correlated over time and the interfering transmitters are a subset of these nodes. For a wireless network where (potential) interferers form a Poisson point process and use ALOHA for channel access, we calculate the joint success and outage probabilities of n transmissions over a reference link. The results are based on the diversity polynomial, which captures the temporal interference correlation. The joint outage probability is used to determine the diversity gain (as the SIR goes to infinity), and it turns out that there is no diversity gain in simple retransmission schemes, even with independent Rayleigh fading over all links. We also determine the complete joint SIR distribution for two transmissions and the distribution of the local delay, which is the time until a repeated transmission over the reference link succeeds.
Indeterminacy, home production, and the business cycle: A calibrated analysis

Abstract In this paper I present a business cycle model with one market sector that produces a standard good, and another that produces a non-market, or home, good. The model can have multiple equilibria, and therefore cycles driven only by self-fulfilling expectations, with low externalities to market production. In particular, an upward sloping aggregate labor demand, as e.g., in Farmer and Guo (J. Economic Theory 63 (1994) 42–72), is not required for indeterminacy. The effect of technology shocks is also studied. In all cases the time series that are generated have properties that are comparable to the real US postwar series.
Map-guided interpretation of remotely-sensed imagery

Aerial and satellite imagery provide an economical means of gathering large amounts of data on the earth's resources and environment. However, except in the area of survey tasks such as crop inventories and land use that can be performed with multispectral analysis, there are few economically feasible techniques for automatically extracting the useful information from such imagery.
An infrared determination of the reddening and distance to dwingeloo 1

We present the first published infrared observations of the nearby, highly obscured galaxy Dwingeloo 1 (Dw 1), including deep H-band imaging covering a total of 49 × 49, together with J and Ks imagingof the central 25 × 25. We used the small dispersion of the intrinsic infrared colors of spiral galaxies to determine an infrared H-band extinction of AH = 0.47 ± 0.11 mag toward Dw 1. Using infrared colorsreduces the uncertainties in the reddening and distance by a factor of 3. The H-band magnitude, corrected for extinction, and the infrared Tully-Fisher relation are then used to estimate a distance modulusof (m - M)0 = 28.62 ± 0.27 and, thus, a distance of d = 5.3 Mpc, which places Dw 1 at the far end of the IC 342/Maffei 1-2 group of galaxies. Our result is largely independent of the nature of the reddening law because we estimated both the reddening and the distance at the same wavelength range.
Revising the Local Bubble Model due to Solar Wind Charge Exchange X-ray Emission

The hot Local Bubble surrounding the solar neighborhood has been primarily studied through observations of its soft X-ray emission. The measurements were obtained by attributing all of the observed local soft X-rays to the bubble. However, mounting evidence shows that the heliosphere also produces diffuse X-rays. The source is solar wind ions that have received an electron from another atom. The presence of this alternate explanation for locally produced diffuse X-rays calls into question the existence and character of the Local Bubble. This article addresses these questions. It reviews the literature on solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) X-ray production, finding that SWCX accounts for roughly half of the observed local 1/4 keV X-rays found at low latitudes. This article also makes predictions for the heliospheric O VI column density and intensity, finding them to be smaller than the observational error bars. Evidence for the continued belief that the Local Bubble contains hot gas includes the remaining local 1/4 keV intensity, the observed local O VI column density, and the need to fill the local region with some sort of plasma. If the true Local Bubble is half as bright as previously thought, then its electron density and thermal pressure are \(1/\sqrt{2}\) as great as previously thought, and its energy requirements and emission measure are 1/2 as great as previously thought. These adjustments can be accommodated easily, and, in fact, bring the Local Bubble’s pressure more in line with that of the adjacent material. Suggestions for future work are made.
An explanation of the solar transition region

Prompted by high-resolution observations, I propose an explanation for the 40+ year old problem of structure and energy balance in the solar transition region. The ingredients are simply cross-field diffusion of neutral atoms from cool threads extending into the corona, and the subsequent excitation, radiation, and ionization of these atoms via electron impact. The processes occur whenever chromospheric plasma is adjacent to coronal plasma, and are efficient even when ion gyrofrequencies exceed collision frequencies. Cool threads—fibrils and spicules perhaps—grow slowly in thickness as a neutral, ionizing front expands across the magnetic field into coronal plasma. Radiative intensities estimated for H Lyα are within an order of magnitude of those observed, with no ad hoc parameters; only thermal parameters and geometric considerations are needed. I speculate that the subsequent dynamics of the diffused material might also explain observed properties of trace elements.
Further considerations of the skeletal system as a biomarker of episodic chlorpyrifos exposure.

Abstract The mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus , is a common inhabitant of eastern seaboard estuaries. As such, it can be affected by coastal agricultural and other nonpoint source runoff. We examined the effects of short-term episodic exposures to an agricultural pesticide, chlorpyrifos, on brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and vertebral yield strength in lab-reared and wild-caught fish. Brain AChE activity was chosen as an indicator because it is the target system for organophosphate action. Vertebral yield strength was chosen as an indicator because previous research warranted further investigation ( Karen et al., 1998 ). Four daily or weekly 6 h exposures (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/l chlorpyrifos) in decreased salinity seawater (5 g/kg) significantly reduced brain AChE activity. The lowest concentration was within the range of reported environmental chlorpyrifos concentrations; thus inhibition of brain AChE from environmental chlorpyrifos exposures may pose a hazard to estuarine organisms. Yield strength measured in lab-reared fish appeared to be more sensitive to episodic chlorpyrifos exposures, because chlorpyrifos was a significant factor in 75% (3 out of 4) of tests performed with lab-reared fish. Chlorpyrifos exposure was a significant factor in only 25% (1 out of 4) tests performed with wild fish. These results suggested that changes in the responses of bone to load testing, following several short exposures to an organophosphate, could be sensitive indicators in lab-reared organisms.
Multi-activity contests

In many contests, players can influence their chances of winning through multiple activities or “arms”. We develop a model of multi-armed contests and axiomatize its contest success function. We then analyze the outcomes of the multi-armed contest and the effects of allowing or restricting arms. Restricting an arm increases total effort directed to other arms if and only if restricting the arm balances the contest. Restricting an arm tends to reduce rent dissipation because it reduces the discriminatory power of the contest. But it also tends to increase rent dissipation if it balances the contest. Less rent is dissipated if an arm is restricted as long as no player is excessively stronger than the other with that arm. If players are sufficiently symmetric in an arm, both players are better off if that arm is restricted. Nevertheless, players cannot agree to restrict the arm if their costs of using the arm are sufficiently low.
RISK PREFERENCES AND INFORMATION FLOWS IN RACETRACK BETTING MARKETS

Racetrack betting markets provide a unique environment to study risk preferences of investors. In this paper, we define the effects of different risk preferences on the subjective and objective probabilities of winning at racetracks. Our results indicate that up to three groups of bettors participate in these markets: risk loving, risk averse with an entertainment value in their utility functions, and risk averse with superior information or analytical ability. We find that information flows from the tote board concerning the three groups' behavior may be used to earn abnormal and possibly positive returns.
Periodic trim solutions with hp-version finite elements in time

We have studied finite elements in time as an alternative strategy for rotorcraft trim problems. The research treats linear flap and linearized flap-lag response both for quasi-trim and trim cases. The connection between Fourier series analysis and hp-finite elements for periodic problems is also examined. It is shown that Fourier series is a special case of space-time finite elements for which one element is used with a strong displacement formulation. Comparisons are made with respect to accuracy among Fourier analysis, displacement methods, and mixed methods over a variety of parameters. The hp trade-off is studied for the periodic trim problem to provide an optimum step size and optimum polynomial order for a given error criteria. It is found that finite elements in time can outperform Fourier analysis for certain given error criteria. The mixed method provides better results than does the displacement method.
Properties of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn on S/Mo(110) surfaces and MoSx films: metal-metal interactions and the behavior of HDS catalysts

Abstract Recent studies on the physical and chemical properties of surfaces that contain sulfur, molybdenum and a second metal (X  Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn) are discussed. The exposure of Mo(110) to large amounts of S 2 gas produces only a chemisorbed layer of sulfur, without forming molybdenum sulfides. The sulfidation of Mo occurs after exposing X/Mo(110) surfaces to S 2 . Bimetallic bonding increases the reactivity of Mo toward sulfur. A good correlation exists between trends seen for the activity of XS y /MoS 2 catalysts in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions and trends found for the sulfidation of Mo in S/X/Mo(110) surfaces. Co and Ni exhibit a unique ability to promote Mo↔S interactions that can be attributed to electronic effects induced by metal↔metal interactions. On X/S/Mo(110) surfaces and X/MoS y films, the slow step in the H 2 (gas) + S(solid) → H 2 S(gas) reaction is the dissociation of molecular hydrogen. Co/MoS y and Ni/MoS y films interact strongly with atomic hydrogen, sorbing this element and forming gaseous hydrogen sulfide. The behavior of molybdenum sulfide catalysts in HDS processes is discussed in light of these results.
Time-dependent corrections to effective rate and event statistics in Michaelis-Menten kinetics

The authors generalise the concept of the geometric phase in stochastic kinetics to a non-cyclic evolution. Its application is demonstrated on kinetics of the Michaelis-Menten reaction. It is shown that the non-periodic geometric phase is responsible for the correction to the Michaelis-Menten law when parameters, such as a substrate concentration, are changing with time. The authors apply these ideas to a model of chemical reactions in a bacterial culture of a growing size, where the geometric correction qualitatively changes the outcome of the reaction kinetics.
Driving forces for adsorption of polyols onto zeolites from aqueous solutions.

Ambient temperature adsorption isotherms have been developed for C2−C6 diols and triols on small (FER), medium (MWW, MFI, BEA), and large (MOR, FAU) pore zeolites as well as on ordered mesoporous materials (MCM-36, 3DOm-MFI, and SBA-15) using gravimetry. Henry’s constants for diol and triol adsorption on silicalite-1 increase exponentially with carbon number demonstrating that confinement of the adsorbate in the zeolite pores is the primary driving force for adsorption. This conclusion is supported by results for propylene glycol adsorption at low coverages on materials differing in topology and chemical composition. It is shown that adsorption decreases with an increase in the adsorbent pore size, and aluminum content only has a marginal effect. Comparison of diol and triol adsorption on silicalite-1 shows that increasing the number of hydroxyl groups causes a decrease in the Henry’s constant possibly due to a change of the configuration of the adsorbate in the zeolite pores, while the location of the hy...
A database of local fields

We describe our online database of finite extensions of Q"p, and how it can be used to facilitate local analysis of number fields.
Mediated electrochemical reduction of CO2. Preparation and comparison of an isoelectronic series of complexes

The preparation and characterization of complexes of the type (M(triphos)L)(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ are described (for M = Ni, L is P(OMe)/sub 3/ and PEt/sub 3/; for M = Pd, L is CH/sub 3/CN, P(OMe)/sub 3/, PEt/sub 3/, P(CH/sub 2/OH)/sub 3/, and PPh/sub 3/; for M = Pt, L is PEt/sub 3/; triphos is PhP(CH/sub 2/CH/sub 2/PPh/sub 2/)/sub 2/). On the basis of cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis experiments, the Pd complexes are shown to catalyze the electrochemical reduction of CO/sub 2/ to CO in acidic acetonitrile solutions. The analogous Ni and Pt complexes are not catalysts for CO/sub 2/ reduction under the same conditions. Kinetic studies have been carried out on (Pd(triphos)(PEt/sub 3/))(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ and a mechanism for the reduction of CO/sub 2/ is proposed.
Compact bipolar transistor model for circuit simulation

The Gummel-Poon model is improved for more accurate bipolar transistor circuit simulation. In the present model, the junction capacitance model accounts for more physical effects and, with the aid of a two-dimensionational device simulator (PISCES), the junction voltage nodes are more explicitly and accurately defined than by the Gummel-Poon model. To demonstrate its applications in computer-aided circuit design, the present model is implemented in a circuit simulator (SLICE) and subsequently verified using PISCES similation.
Synthesis of new nitrogen-containing perfluoroalkyl iodides

Abstract Perfluoro(dimethylamino)-, perfluoro(diethylamino)-, perfluoro(1-pyrrolidinyl)-, perfluoromorpholino-, perfluoropiperidino- and perfluoropropoxy-subs perfluoroalkyl iodides were synthesized directly by the reaction of the corresponding perfluoroacyl fluorides with lithium iodide in high yield. Under controlled reaction conditions, it was possible to synthesize either iodo-perfluoroacyl fluorides or perfluoroalkylidene diiodides by the reaction of perfluoro(alkanedioyl) difluorides with lithium iodide. Perfluoro(α-alkylamino-substituted alkyl) iodides may be good candidates for the media of solar-pumped lasers.
A Unified SCR Model for Continuous Topology CADA

The principle of SCR model parameter estimation from device specification sheets [7] is combined with a reduced version of the intrinsic SCR model [2] to provide improved computational efficiency and better simulation of device turn-off dynamics. The small element count makes computer-aided design and analysis (CADA) of circuits containing several SCR's more feasible. The easy to understand intrinsic model and analytical parameter estimation procedure produce a user-oriented model with common topology applicable to popular CADA programs such as SPICE2 and SUPER-SCEPTRE.
Indium tert-butylthiolates as single source precursors for indium sulfide thin films: Is molecular design enough?

Abstract The dimeric indium thiolates [R2In(μ-StBu)]2 R  tBu (1), nBu (2), Me (3), and [(tBuS)MeIn(μ-St Bu)]2 (4) have been synthesized and used as single source precursors for the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of In/InS and InS thin films. In the case of the atmospheric pressure film grown from either 1 or 2, deposition at temperatures between 290 and 350°C results in the formation of indium rich films (In: S ∼ 2) consisting of indium metal and orthorhombic InS, while at 400°C a single phase; the tetragonal high pressure phase of InS, is the only product deposited. Use of compound 3 as the precursor results in amorphous indium rich films being deposited at 300°C. While films grown from 3 at 400°C have a In: S ratio of 1, they consist of an indium rich phase and In2S3. The dependence of the film composition i.e., indium rich versus stoichiometric InS and structure (orthorhombic versus tetrag onal InS) with the deposition temperature and molecular precursor is discussed with respect to the decomposition pathways available to the precursor molecules (1–3). Based on these results compound 4 was proposed to be a suitable precursor for the low temperature deposition of stoichiometric InS, indeed its solid state pyrolysis does yield InS. However, although low pressure MOCVD using 4 yields amorphous films of stoichiometry InS, upon annealing β-In2S3 is formed as the crystalline phase. The efficacy of molecular design of solid state materials is discussed. The indium thiolates were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Analysis of the deposited films has been obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with associated energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
Bounding the photon mass with solar probes

Abstract Proposed close-encounter solar probes (Vulcan and Solar Probe) are planned to have highly eccentric orbits, with a perihelion of about 4 R S and an inclination close to 90° out of the plane of the ecliptic. We show this could allow at least an order-of-magnitude improvement in the present directly measured limit on the photon mass.
Dirac gauginos, negative supertraces and gauge mediation

In an attempt to maximize General Gauge Mediated parameter space, I propose simple models in which gauginos and scalars are generated from disconnected mechanisms. In my models Dirac gauginos are generated through the supersoft mechanism, while independent R-symmetric scalar masses are generated through operators involving non-zero messenger supertrace. I propose several new methods for generating negative messenger supertraces which result in viable positive mass squareds for MSSM scalars. The resultant spectra are novel, compressed and may contain light fermionic SM adjoint fields.
Is CP a gauge symmetry

Abstract Conventional solutions to the strong CP problem all require the existence of global symmetries. However, quantum gravity may destroy global symmetries, making it hard to understand why the electric dipole moment of the neutron (EDMN) is so small. We suggest here that CP is actually a discrete gauge symmetry, and is therefore not violated by quantum gravity. We show that four-dimensional CP can arise as a discrete gauge symmetry in theories with dimensional compactification, if the original number of Minkowski dimensions equals 8 k +1, 8 k +2 or 8 k +3, and if there are certain restrictions on the gauge group; these conditions are met by superstrings. CP may then be broken spontaneously below 10 9 GeV, explaining the observed CP violation in the kaon system without inducing a large EDMN. We discuss the phenomenology of such models, as well as the peculiar properties of cosmic “ CP strings” which could be produced at the compactification scale. Such strings have the curious property that a particle carried around the string is turned into its CP conjugate. A single CP string renders four-dimensional space-time nonorientable.
Decomposition of a relation scheme into Boyce-Codd Normal Form

Decomposition into Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) with a lossless join and preservation of dependencies is desired in the design of a relational database scheme. However, there may be no decomposition of a relation scheme into BCNF that is dependency preserving, and the known algorithms for lossless join decomposition into BCNF require exponential time and space. In this paper we give an efficient algorithm for lossless join decomposition and show that the problem of deciding whether a relation scheme has a dependency-preserving decomposition into BCNF is NP-hard. The algorithm and the proof assume that all data dependencies are functional. We then discuss the extension of our techniques to the case where data dependencies are multivalued.
Self-Fulfilling Currency Crises with Borrowing Constraints and Domestic Currency Debt

This paper presents a model of self-fulfilling currency crises in economies that do not suffer from domestic liability dollarization but whose international borrowing is subject to a collateral constraint. The model shows that when the collateral is a non-traded asset the expectation of a real exchange rate depreciation may trigger the constraint and cause a crisis in which the capital outflow and the real depreciation reinforce each other. Since in the model debt is denominated in domestic currency this paper highlights that borrowing constraints can cause self-fulfilling currency crises even in the absence of foreign-currency debt.
Delaunay graphs are almost as good as complete graphs

LetS be any set ofN points in the plane and let DT(S) be the graph of the Delaunay triangulation ofS. For all pointsa andb ofS, letd(a, b) be the Euclidean distance froma tob and let DT(a, b) be the length of the shortest path in DT(S) froma tob. We show that there is a constantc (≤((1+?5)/2) ??5.08) independent ofS andN such that % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVy0de9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaaie% aacaWFebGaa8hvaiaa-HcacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaWFPaaabaGa% amizaiaa-HcacaWGHbGaaiilaiaadkgacaWFPaaaaiabgYda8iaado% gacaGGUaaaaa!4248! $$\frac{{DT(a,b)}}{{d(a,b)}}< c.$$
Knot Floer homology, genus bounds, and mutation

Abstract In an earlier paper, we introduced a collection of graded Abelian groups HFK (Y,K) associated to knots in a three-manifold. The aim of the present paper is to investigate these groups for several specific families of knots, including the Kinoshita–Terasaka knots and their “Conway mutants”. These results show that HFK contains more information than the Alexander polynomial and the signature of these knots; and they also illustrate the fact that HFK detects mutation. We also calculate HFK for certain pretzel knots, and knots with small crossing number ( n ⩽9). Our calculations give obstructions to certain Seifert fibered surgeries on the knots considered here.
Separating stretching from folding in fluid mixing

Stretching and folding are distinct processes that govern turbulent mixing, but distinguishing them in experiments has proved difficult. By adapting tools more commonly used to study glasses, it is now possible to determine their individual contributions in two-dimensional flows.