cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of la antigens and Fc receptor-bearing T-cells in the inhibition of macrophage receptors for cytophilic antibody induced by soluble immune complexes

Abstract Soluble antigen-antibody complexes composed of 3 M KCl-extracted L1210 antigens and alloantibody to L1210 given to C3H mice caused immunosuppression in the mice. This was reflected in part by the inhibition of cytophilic antibody receptors on macrophages which could be used as a measure of the suppression. Thymocytes or splenic T cells from mice treated with immune complexes could adoptively transfer the suppression to normal syngeneic mice. These cells, which we have termed suppressor inducers, were found to be Ia positive: specifically, I-A + , I-J − . Thus, treatment of the inducers with anti-la or anti-I-A antibodies and complement in vitro abrogated their ability to transfer the suppression to normal mice. In contrast treatment with anti-I-J serum and complement had no effect. Through a similar approach, the cooperating (acceptor) T cells were found to be I-A + , I-J − . Pretreatment of mice with anti-Ia or anti-I-A serum before the administration of antigen-antibody complexes prevented the inhibition of macrophages. This was due at least in part to steric hindrance of adjacent Fc receptors on the FcR + T cells with which the complexes interacted. Early interaction of immune complexes with FcR + T cells was in fact demonstrated directly by the inability of the complexes to induce suppression when FcR + T cells were depleted. The thymocytes or splenic T cells from anti-Ia-pretreated mice failed to transfer the suppression to recipient mice. In contrast, treatment with either anti-Ia or anti-I-A after the immune complexes did not abrogate the generation of suppressor inducers. Treatment of normal recipient mice with anti-Ia serum in vivo before they received the suppressor inducer cells did not prevent cooperation between the two types of cells. By the same token, blocking of Ia antigens of the inducers in vitro with anti-Ia serum (without complement) also did not impair the cooperative interaction. These results indicate that antigen-antibody complexes generate I-A-positive, I-J-negative T-suppressor inducer cells from FcR + naive T cells. These in turn interact with Ia-positive (I-A + and I-J − ) normal thymocytes or spleen T cells. This interaction most likely generates the ultimate suppressor T cells that suppress cytophilic antibody receptors on macrophages in vivo . However, the I-region determined antigens did not appear to be directly involved in the T-T interaction of suppressor inducer and acceptor cells.
Lake Basin Characteristics and Morphometry

Limnological analyses of a lake or stream very often require a detailed knowledge of morphometry, particularly of the volume characteristics of the body of fresh water. Depth analyses, including measurement of areas of sediments and of water strata at various depths, volumes of strata, and shoreline characteristics, are often critical to detailed analyses of biological, chemical, and physical properties of fresh waters. Morphometric parameters are needed, for example, to evaluate erosion, nutrient loading rates, chemical mass, heat content and thermal stability, biological productivity and effectiveness of growth, and many other structural and functional components of the ecosystem. Management techniques, such as the loading capacity for effluents and the selective removal of undesirable components of the biota, are also heavily dependent on a detailed knowledge of the morphometry and water retention times in freshwater ecosystems.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE EFFECTS ON TBA VALUES OF COOKED MEAT

Ground chicken breast and beef top round (semimembranosus) muscles were treated with CaCl2 (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% on final sample weight basis) and cooked to an internal temperature of 80C. Cooked samples were aerobically stored at 4C for 0 or 4 days and analyzed for 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substances. Results indicated that CaCl2 can either inhibit or accelerate lipid oxidation in cooked meat depending on its concentration/meat animal species. TBA values of chicken samples were decreased by CaCl2 used at ≥ 0.1% of final weight. However, only beef samples treated with the highest CaCl2 level (0.20%) tended to have lower TBA values when compared to control samples (treated with deionized water only). CaCl2 used at low levels (0.05% for chicken and ≤0.15% for beef) tended to elevate cooked meat TBA values.
Topological design of computer communication networks

The author develops a nonlinear formulation of the topological design problem, and obtains a Lagrangean relaxation of the problem. The Lagrangean solutions provide lower bounds on the optimal solutions, which are further improved using subgradient optimization procedures. Heuristics are developed for generating feasible solutions to the problem. The quality of solutions generated by this heuristic are compared to the lower bounds generated by the Lagrangean procedures on a set of test cases. >
Sex-determining genes in the homosporous fern Ceratopteris

Haploid Ceratopteris gametophytes are either hermaphroditic or male. The determinate of sex type is the pheromone antheridiogen (ACE) which is secreted by the meristic hermaphrodite and promotes ameristic male development of sexually undetermined gametophytes. Several mutations effecting the sex of the haploid gametophyte have been isolated and are described. The hermaphroditic (her) mutants are insensitive to ACE and develop as meristic hermaphrodites. These mutations effect ameristic male development in the presence of ACE but have no effect on hermaphroditic development. While most her mutations also have no effect on diploid sporophyte development, some partially ACE-insensitive her mutations have profound effects on sporophyte development. The transformer (tra) mutation effects both meristem and archegonia formation and causes the gametophyte to be an ameristic male under conditions that promote hermaphroditic development. The feminization (fem) mutation effects antheridia development in both male and hermaphroditic gametophytes and causes the gametophyte to develop as a meristic female in the absence or presence of the pheromone. The her1 tra1 double mutant is male in the absence or presence of ACE, indicating that tra1 is epistatic to her1. The phenotypes of her1, tra1 and fem1 single gene mutant phenotypes and the her1 tra1 double mutant phenotype are used to deduce a model suggesting how the products of these genes might interact in a regulatory pathway to control sex determination.
Bias and backwardation in natural gas futures prices

This paper tests the fair-game efficient-markets hypothesis for the natural gas futures prices over the period 1990 through 2003. We find evidence consistent with the Keynesian notion of normal backwardation. Regressing the future spot prices on the lagged futures prices and using the Stock-Watson (1993) procedure to correct for the correlation between the error terms and the futures prices, we find that natural gas futures are biased predictors of the corresponding future spot prices for contracts ranging from 3 to 12 months. These results cast a serious doubt on the commonly held view that natural gas futures sell at a premium over the expected future spot prices, and that this bias is due to the systematic risk of the futures price movements represented by a negative “beta.” We also find evidence for the Samuelson effect. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:281–308, 2005
Age of riverine carbon suggests rapid export of terrestrial primary production in tropics

The balance between the storage of vascular plant carbon in soils, oxidation to carbon dioxide, and export via rivers affects calculations of the strength of terrestrial ecosystems as carbon sinks. The magnitude and timescale of the riverine export pathway are not well constrained. Here we use radiocarbon dating of lignin phenols to show that plant-derived carbon carried by suspended sediment of the Mekong River is very young, having been produced within the last 18 years. Further, this plant-derived carbon remains young during times of the year when bulk carbon varies from modern to over 3000 radiocarbon years old. Our results demonstrate that primary-production derivatives are exported rapidly and suggest that the age of riverine lignin is similar to estimates of the residence time of terrestrial organic carbon in tropical catchments. These results are relevant for modeling predictions of the influence of the terrestrial biosphere on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
The Influence of Periodic Removal of Calcium Sources from Rations of Chickens on Growth and Egg Production

Abstract THE calcium requirement of young chicks as determined by various workers ranges from 0.66 to 2.14 percent of the diet (Ewing, 1951). This author suggests that the minimum calcium requirement for growing chicks is about 0.70%, but to provide a margin of safety the diet should furnish about 1.0% as recommended by the National Research Council (1954). The value of antibiotics administered in feed or water in the treatment of diseases of poultry has been well documented. Recently it has been demonstrated that the in vitro antibacterial activity of antibiotics is impaired by salts of various metallic ions (Newton, 1953; Weinberg, 1955; Donovick el al., 1948; Schoehhard and Stafseth, 1953). The relative susceptibility of 10 antibiotics to inhibition by salts of calcium was determined by Price et al. (1955). They found that streptomycin and neomycin were markedly inhibited, that the tetracycline antibiotics were substantially inhibited, but that the antibacterial action …
Sources of Variability of Evapotranspiration in California

Abstract The variability (1990–2002) of potential evapotranspiration estimates (ETo) and related meteorological variables from a set of stations from the California Irrigation Management System (CIMIS) is studied. Data from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and from the Department of Energy from 1950 to 2001 were used to validate the results. The objective is to determine the characteristics of climatological ETo and to identify factors controlling its variability (including associated atmospheric circulations). Daily ETo anomalies are strongly correlated with net radiation (Rn) anomalies, relative humidity (RH), and cloud cover, and less with average daily temperature (Tavg). The highest intraseasonal variability of ETo daily anomalies occurs during the spring, mainly caused by anomalies below the high ETo seasonal values during cloudy days. A characteristic circulation pattern is associated with anomalies of ETo and its driving meteorological inputs, Rn, RH, and Tavg, at daily to seasonal time sc...
Universality in Higher Order Spin Noise Spectroscopy

Higher order time correlators of spin fluctuations reveal considerable information about spin interactions. We argue that in a broad class of spin systems, one can justify a phenomenological approach to explore such correlators. We predict that the third and fourth order spin cumulants are described by a universal function that can be parametrized by a small set of parameters. We show that the fluctuation theorem constrains this function so that such correlators are fully determined by lowest nonlinear corrections to the free energy and the mean and variance of microscopic spin currents. We also provide an example of microscopic calculations for conduction electrons.
More modeling but still no stages: Reply to Borowsky and Besner

The study of semantic priming in lexical tasks has yielded rich and highly intricate patterns of results that have provided important insights into the nature of lexical and semantic processing (see McNamara, 2005; Neely, 1991, for reviews). As various theories have grappled with the complexities of these findings, though, they have been led to augment basic processing mechanisms (e.g., spreading activation) with additional, seemingly independent mechanisms (e.g., expectancy-list generation, retrospective matching, resource limitations), many of which seem directly tailored to the experimental priming manipulation itself. In this way, researchers have begun offering theories of priming rather than theories of lexical processing that give rise to priming. In Plaut and Booth (2000), we offered an account of lexical processing, grounded in general (connectionist) principles, that we claimed could account for certain aspects of the relevant empirical phenomena, including some findings thought to implicate additional mechanisms. We supported this account by a specific computational implementation that, although necessarily limited and intentionally simplified, instantiated the core aspects of the theory. To enable the quantitative adequacy of the implemented model to be evaluated in detail, we developed it in the context of three specific empirical studies: adults and children tested on primed lexical decision at a long (800 ms) stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) and adults tested at a short (200 ms) SOA. Previous work had found greater semantic priming (i.e., faster reaction times [RTs] following related vs. unrelated primes) for low- versus high-frequency target words and inhibition (i.e., slower RTs following unrelated vs. neutral primes) at a long, but not short, SOA (see Neely, 1991). We examined the extent to which these effects depended on individual differences among participants in age or perceptual ability. In brief, we found that greater priming for low-frequency targets was exhibited only by participants with high perceptual ability and that adults but not children exhibited inhibition at the long SOA. We went on to show that our implemented model behaved similarly. Here, we present a brief review of the Plaut and Booth model before addressing recent challenges to it.
Decision Analysis and Cost-effectiveness Analysis.

Healthcare decision making can be complex, often requiring decision makers to weigh serious trade-offs, consider patients' values, and incorporate evidence in the face of uncertainty. Medical decisions are made implicitly by clinicians and other decision-makers daily. Decisions based largely on personal experience are subject to many biases. Decision analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis are systematic approaches used to support decision-making under conditions of uncertainty that involve important trade-offs. These mathematical tools can provide patients, physicians, and policy makers with a useful approach to complex medical decision making.
Experimental study of individual ferromagnetic sub-micron cylinders

Nickel cylinders were grown by electroplating into Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ membranes. They have various lengths and radius around 20 /spl mu/m and 0.15 /spl mu/m respectively, they are highly crystalline and of constant radius throughout their length. Magnetic Force Microscopy indicates that they are single domain and that the reversal mechanism for the magnetization is indicative of curling for all angles between the anisotropy axis and the field direction, but independent of radius.
EMERGENT INSECT PRODUCTION IN POST-HARVEST FLOODED AGRICULTURAL FIELDS USED BY WATERBIRDS

Abstract California's Tulare Lake Basin (TLB) is one of the most important waterbird areas in North America even though most wetlands there have been converted to cropland. To guide management programs promoting waterbird beneficial agriculture, which includes flooding fields between growing periods, we measured emergence rates of insects, an important waterbird food, in three crop types (tomato, wheat, alfalfa) in the TLB relative to water depth and days flooded during August–October, 2003 and 2004. We used corrected Akaike's Information Criterion values to compare a set of models that accounted for our repeated measured data. The best model included crop type and crop type interacting with days flooded and depth flooded. Emergence rates (mg m−2 day−1) were greater in tomato than wheat or alfalfa fields, increased with days flooded in alfalfa and tomato but not wheat fields, and increased with water depth in alfalfa and wheat but not tomato fields. To investigate the relationship between the range of die...
Peasants Make Their Own History, But Not Just as They Please . . .

This essay employs contemporary peasant mobilizing discourses and practices to evaluate the terms in which we understand agrarian movements today, through an exercise of historical specification. First, it considers why the terms of the original agrarian question no longer apply to agrarian change today. The shift in the terms corresponds to the movement from the late-nineteenth century and twentieth century, when states were the organizing principle of political-economy, to the twenty-first century, when capital has become the organizing principle. Second, and related, agrarian mobilizations are viewed here as barometers of contemporary political-economic relations. In politicizing the socio-ecological crisis of neoliberalism, they problematize extant categories of political and sociological analysis, re-centring agriculture and food as key to democratic and sustainable relations of social production.
Obstacle detection using adaptive color segmentation and color stereo homography

Obstacle detection is a key component of autonomous systems. In particular, when dealing with large robots in unstructured environments, robust obstacle detection is vital. In this paper, we describe an obstacle detection methodology which combines two complementary methods: adaptive color segmentation, and stereo-based color homography. This algorithm is particularly suited for environments in which the terrain is relatively flat and of roughly the same color. We will show results in applying this method to an autonomous outdoor robot.
J/ ψ production and suppression

Abstract In recent years, the J / ψ signal in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN SPS has attracted much attention as a potential quark–gluon plasma signature. This review discusses the prediction of J / ψ suppression and the systematics of this signature as a function of the transverse energy of the collision and the transverse momentum of the J / ψ . Since J / ψ suppression was already present in hadron–nucleus interactions, hadronic models of absorption by nucleons and scattering with comoving secondaries soon emerged. After a discussion of J / ψ and other related production data in pp, pA , and AB interactions, hadronic suppression models are introduced and compared with the CERN SPS data. Plasma model predictions are also given for CERN SPS collisions as well as for the future RHIC and LHC heavy-ion colliders.
Imaging the molecular rovibrational coherence through time-gated, frequency-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

Abstract The time-gated frequency-resolved detection of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (TGFCARS) induced by femtosecond pulses allows the imaging of molecular coherences as a polarization interferogram in the time-frequency plane. We illustrate this for the rovibronic coherence of molecular iodine in the gas phase.
MOVEMENT PATTERNS OF WINTERING GRASSLAND SPARROWS IN ARIZONA

Abstract I used mark-recapture analysis and radio telemetry to characterize winter movement patterns of six grassland sparrows in southeastern Arizona. Mark-recapture data were generated by banding birds captured during repeated flush-netting sessions conducted on a series of 7-ha plots over three consecutive winters. This resulted in 2,641 captures of 2,006 individual sparrows of the six species. Radio telemetry was conducted concurrently on 20 individuals of four of these species. Recapture data and radio telemetry indicated that Cassin's Sparrow (Aimophila cassinii) and Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) were the most sedentary, followed by Baird's Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii), Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus), Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), and Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri). Grasshopper, Baird's, Savannah, and Vesper sparrows tended to remain within fixed home ranges during winter. With the exception of Savannah Sparrows, whose movement behavior varied among study sit...
The Other Pathway to the Boardroom: How Interpersonal Influence Behavior can Substitute for Elite Credentials and Demographic Majority Status in Gaining Access to Board Appointments

Using survey data on interpersonal influence behavior from a large sample of managers and chief executive officers (CEOs) at Forbes 500 companies, we examine how ingratiatory behavior directed at individuals who control access to board positions can provide an alternative pathway to the boardroom for managers who lack the social and educational credentials associated with the power elite. Findings show that top managers who engage in ingratiatory behavior toward their CEO, with ingratiation comprising flattery, opinion conformity, and favor-rendering, will be more likely to receive board appointments at other firms where their CEO serves as director and at boards to which the CEO is indirectly connected in the board interlock network. Further results suggest that interpersonal influence behavior substitutes to some degree for the advantages of an elite background or demographic majority status. Our findings help explain why norms of director deference to CEOs have persisted despite increased diversity in the corporate elite and have implications for research on corporate governance, social networks in the corporate elite, and for the sociological question of whether demographic minorities and individuals who lack privileged backgrounds have equal access to positions of leadership in large U.S. companies. Our study ultimately suggests that such individuals face a rather subtle and perhaps unexpected form of social discrimination, in that they must engage in a higher level of interpersonal influence behavior in order to have the same chance of obtaining a board appointment.
Chapter 7 More Algorithms

We begin this chapter with a fresh look at recursive curves—from an entirely different viewpoint. The instructions for drawing a curve can be in the form of a string. For instance the basic Z shape can be written “LL+L+LL-L-LL”, where L means “line segment”, + means turn forward, means turn backward. The idea, called “string rewriting system”, of using a string of characters to represent a recursive graphics figure was worked out by P. Prusinkiewicz, based on earlier work on modeling organism growth. See Saupe, D, Appendix C in Peitgen H-O, et al, Fractal Images, Springer-Verlag, 1988.
Coherent optical and acoustic phonon generation correlated with the charge-ordering phase transition in La 1-x Ca x MnO 3

We have observed coherent optical and acoustic phonon generation, which are strongly coupled to the charge-ordering (CO) transition in (, 0.58) using femtosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy. Coherent optical phonons, observed at low temperatures, disappear above the charge-ordering temperature , while coherent acoustic phonons display the opposite behavior, disappearing gradually below . Coherent optical phonons are generated by the displacive excitation mechanism where their coupling to the photoexcited charge carriers is enhanced by the structural change corresponding to the CO phase transition. The oscillation frequency for the coherent acoustic phonon depends on the probe wavelength, which is consistent with the propagating strain pulse mechanism. The dramatic change of lattice constants across the charge-ordering transition explains the overall temperature dependence of the coherent acoustic phonon amplitude.
Metabolic Responses of White Pekin Ducks to Ambient Temperature

Metabolic responses of unrestrained White Pekin ducks, Anas platyrhynchos, were determined at ambient temperatures of -5 degrees, 1 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees C. Temperatures from the pectoralis and the subcutaneous back were monitored. Unrestrained ducks exhibited two metabolic states, a high response (540 cc. O2/kg/hr. at 20 degrees C.) and a low response (427 cc. O2/kg./hr. at 20 degrees C). Pectoralis muscle temperature did not vary greatly over the range of ambient temperatures tested and was considered to be a good representative of body temperature.
The gram-negative cocci in “colds” and influenzaInfluenza studies VII

No affection is more common in temperate zones, probably, than that group of conditions, varying largely in clinical type and manifestations, which are classed together as "common colds." Relatively little investigation has, however, been directed toward the determination of their etiology. Their usual mild course and the absence of a fatal termination doubtless account for this fact. The tremendous economic
A comparison of immediate with deferred zidovudine therapy for asymptomatic hiv-infected adults with cd4 cell counts of 500 or more per cubic millimeter

Background The clinical benefits of zidovudine remain unproved in patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection when CD4 cell counts exceed 500 per cubic millimeter. We compared zidovudine therapy given immediately with deferred therapy in such subjects. Methods Beginning in 1987, subjects with asymptomatic HIV infection and 500 or more CD4 cells per cubic millimeter were randomly assigned to receive placebo or zidovudine (either 500 or 1500 mg per day, starting immediately). In 1989, the study was modified so that open-label treatment with 500 mg of zidovudine per day (deferred therapy) was offered when CD4 cell counts fell below 500 per cubic millimeter. The study end points included overall survival, survival free of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), toxic effects, and changes in CD4 cell counts. Results There were 1637 subjects who could be evaluated: 547 in the deferred-therapy group, 549 in the group receiving 500 mg of zidovudine immediately, and 541 in the 15...
Great Company, Great Investment Revisited

Fortune magazine publishes an annual list of America’s most-admired companies. These companies’ virtues are well known and presumably already factored into stock prices, yet Anderson and Smith found that a portfolio of the 10 most admired stocks outperformed the overall market by a substantial and statistically significant margin over the first 22 years that the list was compiled. This article uses 10 additional years of data to see whether this finding is replicated or refuted. TOPICS:Security analysis and valuation, information providers/credit ratings, performance measurement
Magic angle spinning NMR on single crystals as a new aid in characterizing phase transitions: application to squaric acid

Accurate measurement of δISO, the isotropic part of the NMR chemical shift tensor, is usually difficult for solids. This study suggests that the technique of magic angle sample spinning (MAS), employing single crystals, might be suitable for this purpose. In our 13C CP(cross polarization)/MAS measurements on squaric acid (H2C4O4), single crystals yielded about five-fold narrower line widths than powder samples. The resolution enhancement thus obtained enabled us to measure δISO for all four carbons of squaric acid, and to show that the average O-H distance can serve as an order parameter for the phase transition at 373 K. Additionally, the 13C δISO data suggest that the transition mechanism involves a significant displacive component, in addition to the known order-disorder behavior, thus demonstrating the high potential of the single crystal MAS-NMR methodology for studying the microscopic mechanism of phase transitions.
Distinct Synaptic Strengthening of the Striatal Direct and Indirect Pathways Drives Alcohol Consumption

Abstract Background Repeated exposure to addictive drugs or alcohol triggers glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) plasticity in many neuronal populations. The dorsomedial striatum (DMS), a brain region critically involved in addiction, contains medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine D 1 or D 2 receptors, which form direct and indirect pathways, respectively. It is unclear how alcohol-evoked plasticity in the DMS contributes to alcohol consumption in a cell type–specific manner. Methods Mice were trained to consume alcohol using an intermittent-access two-bottle-choice drinking procedure. Slice electrophysiology was used to measure glutamatergic and GABAergic strength in DMS D 1 - and D 2 -MSNs of alcohol-drinking mice and control mice. In vivo chemogenetic and pharmacologic approaches were employed to manipulate MSN activity, and their consequences on alcohol consumption were measured. Results Repeated cycles of alcohol consumption and withdrawal in mice strengthened glutamatergic transmission in D 1 -MSNs and GABAergic transmission in D 2 -MSNs. In vivo chemogenetic excitation of D 1 -MSNs, mimicking glutamatergic strengthening, promoted alcohol consumption; the same effect was induced by D 2 -MSN inhibition, mimicking GABAergic strengthening. Importantly, suppression of GABAergic transmission via D 2 receptor–glycogen synthase kinase–3β signaling dramatically reduced excessive alcohol consumption, as did selective inhibition of D 1 -MSNs or excitation of D 2 -MSNs. Conclusions Our results suggest that repeated cycles of excessive alcohol intake and withdrawal potentiate glutamatergic strength exclusively in D 1 -MSNs and GABAergic strength specifically in D 2 -MSNs of the DMS, which concurrently contribute to alcohol consumption. These results provide insight into the synaptic and cell type–specific mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction and identify targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches to alcohol abuse.
Role of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatment in HCC Recurrence After Liver Transplantation

Liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within Milan criteria is a curative approach that is considered standard of care. Liver-directed therapy before LT has been used as a bridging therapy and as a down-staging method for patients with intermediate HCC. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation are effective treatments that can down-stage intermediate staged HCC to fulfill Milan criteria for LT. New modalities such as drug-eluting beads (DEB) TACE, transarterial radioembolization (TARE), and stereotactic radiation therapy (SBRT) have shown similar efficacy in advanced HCC over conventional TACE with better toxicity profiles. Use of multimodality approach, taking advantage of the benefits of different locoregional therapy for HCC have been adopted as down-staging and bridging therapy for LT. HCC recurrence rates after LT for patients within the Milan criteria have been shown to be 8–15 % and higher in those patients beyond the Milan criteria. The value of adjuvant therapy using systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy after LT has been disappointing. Sorafenib has been used for treatment in recurrent HCC after LT, and the data of safety and efficacy profile in post-transplant setting suggest potential role as adjuvant treatment in high-risk patients.
Use of a journal club for professional development: Outcomes in a school-based occupational therapy practice

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the outcomes of a journal club on the evidence-based practice (EBP) skills of school-based practitioners. Participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of EBP were collected using pre- and postsurveys following 6 monthly journal club sessions. Participants identified time, availability of articles, and decreased understanding of results as barriers. On the postsurvey, participants reported improvements in comfort with evidence-based skills, including leading an EBP discussion, using evidence in documentation, and referring colleagues to appropriate evidence-based resources. Journal club sessions improved practitioners’ comfort with the ability to discuss and utilize evidence-based resources.
Sorption of Testosterone to Soil Colloids of Different Size Fractions: Development of a Centrifugation and Mass Balance–Based Methodology

AbstractSoil colloids play critical roles during the fate and transport of micropollutants (e.g., pesticides and hormones) due to their high sorption affinity and mobility. In this study, the authors developed a centrifugation and mass balance–based methodology for studying sorption of testosterone to soil colloids of different size fractions (DSFs). The method should allow one to conduct the sorption tests with the whole soil first and then separate soil colloids of DSFs to evaluate their contributions to sorption. Results indicate the colloids diameter ranges (i.e., 900–600, 600–400, and 400–200 nm) can be controlled by a group of series centrifuge conditions (i.e., speed and time). The sorption affinity of soil colloids for testosterone is three times higher than that of the bulk soil and increases significantly with decreasing diameter size because of the difference of specific surface area and organic carbon content. The authors propose that the centrifuge condition of 2,844 relative centrifugal forc...
A Community-Level Comparison of Terrorism Movements in the United States

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to identify characteristics of communities where persons indicted under terrorism charges lived, planned, and prepared prior to carrying out a terrorist act. Guided by a model of community deterioration and using data from the Terrorism and Extremist Violence in the United States database, findings indicate: (1) half of all census tracts where terrorists planned and prepared for attacks were located in the western United States; nearly one fourth were in the Northeast; (2) nationally, terrorist pre-incident activity is more likely to occur in census tracts with lower percentages of high school graduates for Al Qaeda and associated movements (AQAM) terrorism but not for far-right terrorism, higher percentages of households living below the poverty level, more urban places, and more unemployed; and (3) communities with terrorist pre-incident activity are different types of places compared to those where there was no pre-incident activity, generally between different region...
The Magic Formula for Distance Running

(1957). The Magic Formula for Distance Running. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 60-60.
The Philosophy of Mary Astell: An Early Modern Theory of Virtue, by Jacqueline Broad

As Jacqueline Broad points out in her Introduction to The Philosophy of Mary Astell: An Early Modern Theory of Virtue, Astell has been interpreted in a variety of ways: as an early English feminist...
Establishing agreements in dynamic virtual organizations

We present a framework that introduces key concepts relevant to agreement negotiation in virtual organizations (VO). The framework serves as a foundation for implementing an automated system that facilitates the establishment of VO agreements, considerably reduces the effort for setting up a VO and consequently reduces the VO's time for operation. The framework captures the relationship between the initial participants' behaviors, expectations, obligations and agreements, making sure that in implementing a system, one does not overlook the important aspects of the agreement structure and negotiation. The framework can be used to validate a negotiation, ensure validity of the achieved agreement and form strategies for future negotiations. A novel aspect of the initial trust establishment described in this paper is the consideration of the effects of the participants' behaviors during the negotiation process on mutual trust. We use the concepts to describe our work-in-progress for specification and negotiation of the agreements that govern the behavior of VO entities.
Are self-identified Christian fundamentalists really more supportive of capital punishment? Exploring the relationship between fundamentalism and death penalty attitudes

Christian fundamentalism has often been linked to death penalty support, despite mixed results across more than a decade of empirical studies. More recently, a line of research has emerged that has...
Abstract 472: Galectin-3 modulates glioblastomas (GBM) tumor microenvironment, and is linked to glioblastoma invasion

Malignant glioblastomas (GBM) are lethal form of brain tumors, and are difficult to treat due to their invasion into the brain parenchyma. Aggressive and invasive nature of GBM is at least partly attributable to GBM associated stem cells (GSC). Soluble factors released by GBM and GSC can recruit inflammatory cells, including brain resident microglia to tumor micro-environment (TME) that support angiogenesis and invasion. We have previously shown that exogenous Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a carbohydrate binding lectin increases the migratory potential of BV2 microglial cells, and promotes the formation of pro-angiogenic structures in an in vitro HUVEC culture and 3D matrigel model. Furthermore, Gal-3 supports the survival of microglial cells under hypoxic environment. In this study, we investigated the role of Gal-3 in GBM by utilizing the biochemical and molecular approaches. Using well characterized GBM tumor cell lines, and GSC lines that exhibit various degrees of invasive potential, we have identified that the expression of the Gal-3 is significantly up-regulated in GSCs that are highly invasive as compared to those that form only focal tumors in a mouse xenotransplantation model. Gal-3 is also highly expressed in microglia that accumulated in and around the GSC tumors in mouse brain, as indicated by co-localization of Gal-3 and Iba1, the maker for activated microglia. Furthermore, Gal-3 expression is significantly increased in GBM tumor cells when exposed to in vitro hypoxic conditions. Importantly, Gal-3 increased the migratory potential of GBM tumor cells in vitro, indicating its role as a chemo-attractant. Taken together, these results suggest that Gal-3 plays a critical role in promoting GBM invasion through modulating the interaction of microglia in TME and GBM. Thus Gal-3 may be a potential therapeutic target for GBM. Citation Format: Umadevi V. Wesley, Esat Resad, Paul Clark, Carolina Larrain, John Kuo, Robert J. Dempsey. Galectin-3 modulates glioblastomas (GBM) tumor microenvironment, and is linked to glioblastoma invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 472. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-472
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation as a Salvage Treatment for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Refractory to Dorsal Column Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Case Series

Objective The efficacy of traditional spinal cord stimulation (t-SCS) tends to decay over time in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). While it has been shown that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation is extremely effective in t-SCS-naive patients with CRPS, its efficacy in patients who had previously failed t-SCS is unknown. Given that DRG-SCS and t-SCS target different spinal pathways, a failure with t-SCS should not automatically preclude a patient from attempting DRG-SCS. Materials and Methods Two patients with lower extremity CRPS, previously implanted with t-SCS systems, experienced relapses in the pain despite exhaustive reprogramming. Both patients were offered DRG stimulation as a means to salvage treatment. Results Patient 1 reported 90% pain reduction with significant gait improvement during the DRG stimulation trial. The patient subsequently proceeded to implant and have the t-SCS implantable pulse generator explanted. Patient 2 was unable to undergo a trial with DRG-SCS because of health insurance constraints, so she elected to undergo a surgical revision of her existing system whereby a DRG-SCS system was added to the existing t-SCS to create a hybrid system with two implantable pulse generators. The patient reported an immediate improvement in pain because of the introduction of the DRG-SCS. Additionally, she was instructed to document her pain scores with each system on individually, as well as with both on—her pain scores were at the lowest with the DRG-SCS on by itself. At eight-month follow-up, both patients reported sustained pain improvement and retained their functional gains. Conclusions Our case series demonstrates that a failure of t-SCS is not necessarily a failure of neurostimulation as a whole. The efficacy of DRG-SCS is independent of prior t-SCS therapy outcomes in these two patients and a history of t-SCS failure serves no predictive value in these two patients for future DRG stimulation success. Therefore, DRG-SCS can be considered as a reasonable next-step to salvage patients with CRPS who had failed other SCS treatments.
Quantification of the Aesthetically Desirable Female Midface Position.

Background The purpose of this study was to attempt to determine a reliable method of evaluating midface position. We assessed a novel parameter called WIZDOM (Width of the Interzygomatic Distance of the Midface) and its relationship to other facial metrics. Objectives The goal was to evaluate midfacial position quantitatively in women by examining 2-dimensional photographs of a subset of women with idealized facial proportions. Methods Three examiners analyzed stock photographs of nonsmiling female model faces. Numerous parameters were analyzed for each photograph, including: interpupillary distance, medial canthus (MC) to lip, brow length, WIZDOM, WIZDOM to MC, WIZDOM to hairline, WIZDOM to chin vertical, and lateral brow to WIZDOM. Meaningful relationships between various parameters were statistically analyzed. Examiner measurements were assessed for interobserver reliability. Results Fifty-five female model photographs were included in the analysis. The average interpupillary distance was 59.2 mm ± 3.54 (range, 50.5-67.3 mm). The WIZDOM average was 108 mm ± 5.81 (range, 93-127 mm) and brow length was 107 mm ± 5.87 (range, 96.7-124 mm). The difference between brow length and WIZDOM was not statistically different (P = 0.834). The interobserver reliability between the 3 examiners was excellent for all parameters (P < 0.01), ranging from 0.718 (WIZDOM-MC) to 0.993 (interpupillary distance). The WIZDOM measurement was reproducible with an interobserver coefficient of 0.939. Conclusions WIZDOM can be used to quantify aesthetically desirable midfacial position in patients and can be used as a measurement to aid in assessment and as an ideal to achieve balanced aesthetic results in midface restorative procedures-lifting or volumization-in females.
Vaccine-driven pharmacodynamic dissection and mitigation of fenethylline psychoactivity

A vaccine-driven approach shows that the prominent stimulant features of the psychoactive profile of fenethylline can be attributed to amphetamine, with synergistic support from theophylline, and no direct contributions from the parent drug molecule. Vaccination approaches have been developed for a number of drugs of abuse, including for opioids, cocaine and fentanyl. Here, Kim Janda and colleagues report a dissection through vaccination approach termed DISSECTIV (determining the identities of species supporting expression of CNS activity through incremental vaccination) for fenethylline, a synthetic psychostimulant implicated in pharmacoterrorism. In DISSECTIV, the vaccination of discrete fenethylline metabolites is used to explain the behavioural effects of the drug by isolating the effects of these individual compounds in a diverse chemical system. Vaccination against fenethylline using this approach attenuated its addiction behavioural effects in mice. Moreover, this work uncovers the underlying pharmacology of fenethylline, which produces synergistic stimulant effects from its metabolites amphetamine and theophylline. This approach could be used to uncover the often complex pharmacology of other complex chemical systems. Fenethylline, also known by the trade name Captagon, is a synthetic psychoactive stimulant that has recently been linked to a substance-use disorder and ‘pharmacoterrorism’ in the Middle East1,2,3,4. Although fenethylline shares a common phenethylamine core with other amphetamine-type stimulants, it also incorporates a covalently linked xanthine moiety into its parent structure5,6. These independently active pharmacophores are liberated during metabolism, resulting in the release of a structurally diverse chemical mixture into the central nervous system7,8,9. Although the psychoactive properties of fenethylline have been reported to differ from those of other synthetic stimulants, the in vivo chemical complexity it manifests upon ingestion has impeded efforts to unambiguously identify the specific species responsible for these effects10,11. Here we develop a ‘dissection through vaccination’ approach, called DISSECTIV, to mitigate the psychoactive effects of fenethylline and show that its rapid-onset and distinct psychoactive properties are facilitated by functional synergy between theophylline and amphetamine. Our results demonstrate that incremental vaccination against a single chemical species within a multi-component mixture can be used to uncover emergent properties arising from polypharmacological activity. We anticipate that DISSECTIV will be used to expose unidentified active chemical species and resolve pharmacodynamic interactions within other chemically complex systems, such as those found in counterfeit or illegal drug preparations, post-metabolic tissue samples and natural product extracts.
The Aesthetics of Everyday Life

In this chapter Plato’s discussion of the built environment furnishes the direction for an analysis of the various features of that world. Architecture is basic and is filled with varying formed objects: interior decoration, furniture design, artworks, utensil design. In everyday life there is clothing, wine, food, dining, manners, overall aesthetic taste and physical fitness, the automobile, sports, entertainment, and kitsch.
Abstract LB-A04: Transcriptional regulatory programs in gynecological cancers

Cancer cells acquire genetic and epigenetic alterations that often lead to dysregulation of oncogenic signal transduction pathways, which in turn alter downstream transcriptional programs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has studied several of the most common and aggressive gynecologic tumors including high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS), and the serous-like subset of endometrial cancer (UCEC), together with basal breast cancer, which shares many genomic features with serous ovarian tumors. These tumors all lack accurate predictors of response and resistance and share an unmet need for adequate treatment of recurrent disease. We developed a multitask learning framework for integrating regulatory sequence from ATAC-mapped promoters and enhancers with RNA-seq data from patient tumors in order to infer transcription factor (TF) regulatory activities and explore similarities and differences between endometrial, ovarian, and basal breast tumors. We showed that our multitask learning framework enables us to selectively share the information across tumors and strongly improves the accuracy of gene expression prediction models for gynecological and basal breast tumors. Our analysis identified histologic type specific and common TF regulators of gene expression as well as predicted distinct dysregulated transcriptional regulators downstream of somatic alterations in these different cancers. Moreover, many of the identified TF regulators were significantly associated with survival outcome within the histological subtype. Computationally dissecting the role of TFs in these cancers may ultimately lead to new therapeutics tailored to subtype or individual. Citation Format: Hatice U. Osmanbeyoglu, Petar Jelinic, Douglas Levine, Christina S. Leslie. Transcriptional regulatory programs in gynecological cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-A04.