cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conjugated Porphyrin Polymers: Control of Chromophore Separation by Oligophenylenevinylene Bridges

A series of new porphyrin polymers in which the porphyrin units are linked by a variety of controllable oligophenylenevinylene bridges has been synthesized. The new materials are soluble and thermally stable with strong fluorescence properties that suggest limited electronic communication between the chromophore and conjugated bridge in solution.
Modified porous Nafion®: Membrane characterization and two-phase separations

Abstract Perfluorosulfonated ionomer membranes (Nafion®) were modified by a chemical treatment to increase the permeability of membrane structures. The treatment consisted of a single phase propylene carbonate–water mixture which, in the presence of the sulfonic acid groups of the Nafion®, yielded CO2. This CO2 presumably expanded having the effect of creating larger pores within the Nafion® framework. The resulting membrane had filtration characteristics in the ultrafiltration–microfiltration range with a maximum flux of ∼10 kg m−2 h at 1.3782 × 105 Pa (20 psig). These structures were characterized using flux, solute rejection, neutron scattering and water volume measurements. Further, these membranes were found to be suitable for emulsion separations with the water phase permeating through the membrane. In preliminary results, a water–xylene mixture exhibited a single phase permeate with approximately 60% of the flux of pure water.
Area minimization in a three-sided switchbox by sliding the modules

An optimal algorithm for minimizing the number of columns (width) in a three-sided switchbox, when the modules are allowed to slide, is presented. The proposed algorithm runs in O(mn+e log e) time, where m and n are the number of terminals on the top and on the bottom, and e is the total number of feasible alignments (e >
Cybercrimes against Consumers: Could Biometric Technology Be the Solution?

Although information technology's positive impacts on businesses and individuals are substantial, cybercrime continues to represent one of the greatest threats in the digital world. Advances in biometric technology's capabilities hold promise for solving this problem by offering users greater protection, but more legislative and social-policy work is needed to help realize the technology's full potential. In the near term, however, organizations can begin by incorporating users' security and privacy concerns into their biometric policies in terms of data collection, storage, access, and use
THE COMBINATION OF CERTAIN PROTEINS WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

Electromotive force measurements of cells without liquid junction, of the type Ag, AgCl, HCl + protein, H2, have been made at 30°C. with the proteins gelatin, edestin, and casein in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. The data are consistent with the assumptions of a constant combining capacity of each protein for hydrogen ion, no combination with chloride ion, and Failey's principle of a linear variation of the logarithm of the mean activity coefficient of the acid with increasing protein concentration. The combining capacities for hydrogen ion so obtained are 13.4 x 10–4 for edestin, 9.6 x 10–4 for gelatin, and 8.0 x 10–4 for casein, in equivalents of combined H+ per gm. of protein.
Benevolent interpersonal schemas facilitate therapeutic change: Further analysis of the menninger psychotherapy research project

Abstract Drawing from findings on the important role of patients’ pretreatment personality in psychotherapy (e.g., Cronbach, 1953), we examined the effect of pretreatment interpersonal schemas on response to 2 forms of long-term treatment: psychoanalysis and supportive–expressive psychotherapy. Renanalyzing data from the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project (Wallerstein, 1986), we found that patients with more benevolent interpersonal schemas at the beginning of both treatments showed greater clinical improvement in the period between pretreatment and termination. These findings provide further support for the central role of patients’ pretreatment personality in the therapeutic process, particularly as assessed by their pretreatment interpersonal schemas.
Focusing of time-reversed reflections

Recently time-reversal techniques have emerged as a new, important and fascinating discipline within wave propagation. Many of the problems involved can best be understood, analysed and optimized based on a random field model for the medium. Here we discuss stable refocusing of second-order time-reversed reflections. This phenomenon may appear as surprising at first. However, we show how it can be understood in very simple terms viewing the wavefield as a stochastic process. We give sufficient conditions on the Green function of the propagation problem for the phenomenon to happen. In particular we discuss acoustic wave propagation in the regime of weak random medium fluctuations and give explicitly the derivation of stable refocusing in this case, illustrating it with numerical examples. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
VEGF gene delivery to myocardium: deleterious effects of unregulated expression.

Background—Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is being investigated for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium. Primarily, transient delivery systems have been tested. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous expression of VEGF in myocardium by use of myoblast-mediated delivery. Methods and Results—Primary murine myoblasts (5×105 cells in 10 μL of PBS with 0.5% BSA) expressing both the murine VEGF gene and the β-galactosidase (β-gal) gene from a retroviral promoter were implanted in the ventricular wall of immunodeficient mice (n=11) via a subdiaphragmatic approach. Control immunodeficient mice (n=12) were injected with the same number of myoblasts expressing only the β-gal gene. Between days 14 and 16, surviving mice were euthanized and the hearts processed for histology. In the experimental group, 11 of 11 mice demonstrated failure to thrive by day 13; 5 deaths occurred between days 8 and 15. There were no complications in the control mice. Histochemistry docum...
Development and attributes of z/Architecture

The IBM z/Architecture™ instruction set architecture (ISA) is an extension of the IBM Enterprise Systems Architecture/390® (ESA/390) ISA and features 64-bit general registers, 64-bit operations, and 64-bit virtual and real addressing. In addition, z/Architecture includes new instructions to optimize the handling of modern multi-byte character encodings and to improve the performance of programs written in high-level languages. It provides compatibility for ESA/390 application programs and increases the ease of development of new application programs. This paper presents an overview of the interesting aspects of z/Architecture and some of the associated decisions and tradeoffs made in its development.
Root desiccation and drought stress responses of bareroot Quercus rubra seedlings treated with a hydrophilic polymer root dip

Root hydrogel, a hydrophilic polymer, has been used to improve transplanting success of bareroot conifer seedlings through effects on water holding capacity. We examined mechanisms by which Terra-sorb® Fine Hydrogel reduces damage that occurs when roots of 1-year old, dormant northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) were subjected to short-term (1, 3, and 5 h) pre-transplanting desiccation and long-term (45 days) drought stress following transplanting in a controlled environment chamber or greenhouse conditions. Hydrogel-treated seedlings had 80% greater root moisture content than non-root dipped control seedlings following the pre-transplanting desiccation period. Hydrogel reduced root membrane leakiness by 31% 5 h after the desiccation exposure. Hydrogel-treated seedlings did not show greater differences in shoot length, plant dry mass, root volume, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance compared with control seedlings following the 45-day drought stress exposure. A reduction in mean number of days to bud break in hydrogel-treated seedlings, combined with delayed tissue moisture loss (linked to higher stem water potential), suggests that hydrogel may have provided stress protection to aid survival under short-term desiccation, which may be beneficial toward alleviating initial transplanting stress.
Telecommunications reform in Southern Africa: the role of the Southern African Development Community

Abstract This article examines telecommunications reform and related infrastructure and service developments in Southern African states. In focusing on this region, the article analyses the role of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the different associations and commissions it has created to develop the telecommunications sector and facilitate reform, which is essential to promote network efficiencies and extend the infrastructure to rural areas. As a regional organisation, SADC is poised to promote restructuring of the telecommunications sector in its 14 member states, as it seeks to achieve complementary national and regional programs and promote sustainable development and economic growth through regional integration.
Inhibitory effects of turf pesticides on Bacillus popilliae and the prevalence of milky disease

Fourteen pesticides (fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides) were tested to determine whether they had deleterious effects on the bioinsecticide Bacillus popilliae, the causal agent of milky disease. All of these pesticides reduced levels of spore viability, spore germination, and/or vegetative cell growth when they were tested over a range of concentrations from 0 to 1,000 ppm of active ingredient, and the fungicides had the greatest detrimental effects. As determined by tests in water, the level of spore viability was significantly reduced by chlorothalonil, iprodione, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid plus 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, and 2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]propionic acid plus (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid. In tests performed with iprodione, loss of viability was evident at concentrations less than the concentration calculated to result from recommended use. Tests performed in soil demonstrated that triadimefon, chlorothalonil, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid plus 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, and pendimethalin at concentrations resulting from recommended rates of application reduced spore titers. Spore germination did not occur in the continued presence of 2-[(4-chloro-otolyl)oxy]propionic acid plus (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, isofenphos, and chlordane, whereas exposure of spores to triadimefon or pendimethalin for 2 days stimulated germination. The tests to determine effects on spore germination were inconclusive for all other pesticides. Triadimefon, chlorothalonil, iprodione, pendimethalin, and chlorpyrifos at concentrations less than the concentrations recommended for use inhibited vegetative cell growth of B. popilliae, and chlordane at a concentration that was twice the concentration expected to result from the recommended rate of application repressed cell growth. My data support the hypothesis that use of synthetic pesticides can contribute to a low incidence of milky disease in white grubs.
A novel IP-over-optical network interconnection model for the next-generation optical Internet

The paper proposes a novel IP-over-optical network interconnection model that takes the best features from both the overlay and peer models while avoiding their limitations. Specifically, the proposed model utilizes an optical layer-based unified control plane that manages both routers and optical switches (analogous to the peer model), while still retaining complete separation between the optical and IP layers of the overlay model. This is achieved by shifting the control plane functionalities previously associated with the IP layer to the IP/MPLS-aware, non-traffic bearing OXC controller modules located within the optical domain. In this architecture, better decisions can be made for provisioning and managing network resources, leading to their more efficient use. Based on the proposed model, an integrated dynamic routing algorithm, that takes into account the combined topology and resource usage information at both the IP and optical layers, is developed.
Childhood trauma and METH abuse among men who have sex with men: Implications for intervention

Methamphetamine (METH) has become one of the most widely abused drugs in South Florida, particularly among MSM who may or may not be HIV seropositive. High rates of childhood trauma have been reported among HIV-infected MSM (Chartier et al., 2010), but, the association of childhood trauma, and mood disorders with methamphetamine use in HIV-infected men, has not been comprehensively explored. A better understanding of the association between these factors could improve existing substance abuse treatment intervention strategies and medical treatment programs (e.g., medication adherence; Carrico, 2010) to enhance positive health outcomes for male meth abusers living with the psychological consequences of childhood abuse. This study, as part of a larger study, examined the occurrence of childhood trauma and depression in a group of HIV seropositive METH abusing MSM. Significantly higher levels of depression symptom severity were found among METH users relative to non-METH users (p < .001). Irrespective of HIV status, METH users also reported higher frequencies of emotional, physical and sexual child abuse relative to non-METH users (p < .001). Among meth users, depression was predicted by childhood emotional neglect. These results suggest that childhood maltreatment may be implicated in the development of emotional distress (e.g., depression) and higher prevalence of methamphetamine/drug abuse in this population. These findings have important implications for substance abuse interventions, specifically targeting METH addiction among MSM. Addressing childhood trauma and depression may play a key role in enhancing the effectiveness of interventions for methamphetamine addiction.
Reducing multi-state to binary perfect phylogeny with applications to missing, removable, inserted, and deleted data

Multi-State Perfect Phylogeny is an extension of Binary Perfect Phylogeny where characters are allowed more than two states. In this paper we consider four problems that extend its utility: In the Missing Data (MD) Problem some entries in the input are missing and the question is whether (bounded) values can be imputed so that the resulting data has a multi-state Perfect Phylogeny; In the Character-Removal (CR) Problem we want to minimize the number of characters to remove from the data so that the resulting data has a multi-state Perfect Phylogeny; In the Missing-Data Character-Removal (MDCR) Problem we want to impute values for the missing data to minimize the solution to the resulting Character-Removal Problem; In the Insertion and Deletion (ID) Problem insertion and deletion mutational events spanning multiple characters are also allowed. In this paper, we introduce a new general conceptual solution to these four problems. The method reduces k-state problems to binary problems with missing data. This gives a new conceptual solution to the multistate Perfect Phylogeny problem, and conceptual solutions to the MD, CR, MDCR and ID problems for any k significantly improving previous work. Empirical evaluations of our implementations show that they are faster and effective for larger input than previously established methods for general k.
Regulation of mRNA Translation as a Conserved Mechanism of Longevity Control

Appropriate regulation of mRNA translation is essential for growth and survival and the pathways that regulate mRNA translation have been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution. Translation is controlled by a complex set of mechanisms acting at multiple levels, ranging from global protein synthesis to individual mRNAs. Recently, several mutations that perturb regulation of mRNA translation have also been found to increase longevity in three model organisms: the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Many of these translation control factors can be mapped to a single pathway downstream of the nutrient responsive target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase. In this chapter, we will review the data suggesting that mRNA translation is an evolutionarily conserved modifier of longevity and discuss potential mechanisms by which mRNA translation could influence aging and age-associated disease in different species.
Parvovirus vectors for cancer gene therapy

Parvoviruses comprise a group of single-stranded DNA viruses with greater potential for gene therapy applications. Unique characteristics of paroviruses, such as non-pathogenicity, antioncogenicity and methods of efficient recombinant vector production, have drawn more attention towards utilising parvovirus-based vectors in cancer gene therapy. Although > 30 different parvoviruses have been identified so far, recombinant vectors derived from adeno-associated virus (AAV), minute virus of mice (MVM), LuIII and parvovirus H1 have been successfully tested in many preclinical models of human diseases, including cancer. The present article will focus on the potential of non-replicating and autonomously replicating parvoviral vectors in cancer gene therapy, including strategies that target tumour cells directly or indirectly.
The chain-rule processor: optimal classification through signal processing

The chain-rule processor is a method of constructing an optimal Bayes classifier from a bank of processors. Each processor is a feature extractor designed to separate the given class from a class-dependent reference hypothesis, thereby avoiding the curse of dimensionality. This work builds upon prior work in optimal classifier design using class-specific features. The chain-rule processor is an improvement that recursively applies the PDF projection theorem.
Glutamate as a differential nitrogen source for the characterization of acetylene‐reducing Rhizobium strains

A majority (36 of 44) of Rhizobium japonicum strains tested reduced acetylene asymbiotically when grown on an agar medium containing 0.1% (w/v) L-glutamate as a sole nitrogen (N) source. Glutamate as N source led to pinpoint colonies and uniform glutamine synthetase activity of three selected, slow-growing acetylene-reducing strains (R. japonicum L-259 and 110 and a cowpea-type Rhizobium 32H1). The three test strains were characterized further by antibiotic resistance, colony type, cellular morphology, and differential growth on different N sources. The evidence suggests that, in an agar medium, glutamate creates a growth condition leading to acetylene reduction activity, pinpoint colonies and pleomorphism.
Perceiving the Community Norms of Alcohol Use among Students: Some Research Implications for Campus Alcohol Education Programming*

Data drawn from a comprehensive survey of alcohol use in a college student community (N= 1, 116) show most students holding a moderate personal attitude regarding alcohol use while misperceiving their peer environment as being much more liberal. Drinking behavior is significantly related to gender, type of living unit, personal attitudes toward drinking, and also the degree of consistency/discrepancy between the individual's own attitude and his or her perception of the campus norm regarding drinking. Students who saw the campus norm to be similar to their own attitude were found to drink more heavily, and in more public settings, than students with discrepant attitudes and perceptions. Implications of findings for alcohol abuse prevention programs on college campuses are discussed.
Improving Reverse Supply Chain Operational Performance: A Transshipment Application Study for Not‐for‐Profit Organizations

SUMMARY This paper describes an approach for improving the operational performance in the reverse supply chain in a not-for-profit environment. The authors present a model based on risk pooling through preventive lateral transshipment as a method for improving the responsiveness of not-for-profit core business practice of redistributing donated products in order to increase revenues. The model considers a three-echelon structure consisting of three collection centers, one sorting and disposition center, and three retail stocking locations. The ensuing simulation indicates a favorable response of the model. Results indicated that while the daily average inventories slightly increased, the frequency of lost sales significantly decreased, thus offering the potential increased revenues.
Suicidality assessment with PRISM-S - simple, fast, and visual: a brief nonverbal method to assess suicidality in adolescent and adult patients.

Background: The PRISM-S task was developed at the Crisis Intervention Center (KIZ) Winterthur, Switzerland, to enable an assessment of the degree of suicidality in less than 5 minutes with a simple, visual instrument. Aims: Comparison of validity and clinical use of the new PRISM-S task with other instruments known as “gold standards”. Method: Quantitative pilot study enlisting 100 inpatients admitted to the KIZ, aged 15–42 years. Patients’ suicidality was assessed by the PRISM-S task during the first clinical interview and compared to data obtained by standardized suicidality instruments. Results: The patients completed the PRISM-S task in 2 to 5 minutes without difficulty. Data show significant positive correlations between the suicidality as assessed by PRISM-S and the gold standards, i.e., DSI-SS (r = 0.59, N = 65, p < .0001). Limitations: There is no strong evidence that PRISM-S is useful for outpatients or in other settings. The experiences gained with outpatients/patients with other disorders are p...
Tyrosine- and phenylalanine-restricted formula diet augments immunocompetence in healthy humans

Previous studies indicate that limiting tyrosine and phenylalanine intake in the diet decreases tumor growth and metastasis. General health status, immune status, and platelet function were studied in nine healthy human subjects consuming low-protein foods supplemented with formula diets free of tyrosine and phenylalanine to maintain total daily intake of tyrosine at 2.4 mg/kg body wt and phenylalanine at 3.5 mg/kg body wt. This regimen decreased plasma tyrosine (p less than 0.05) but not phenylalanine. Blood indicators of protein status were not changed. Platelet aggregation decreased in response to adenosine diphosphate and platelet activating factor in seven of nine subjects. Natural killer, T-helper, and T-cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocyte numbers proportionally increased relative to neutrophils (p less than 0.05). Natural killer cell activity increased in six of nine subjects. Increased natural killer cell activity and decreased platelet aggregation are two indices associated with decreased tumor growth and metastasis.
Physiological and Behavioral Responses to Changes in Salinity in the Invasive Bivalve Nuttallia obscurata Compared to the Native Bivalve Leukoma staminea

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES ix INTRODUCTION 1 Osmolyte Concentration 3 Filtration Rates 5 Experimental Questions 7 MATERIALS AND METHODS 8 Osmolyte Analysis 8 Osmolyte levels of whole animals under long-term conditions 8 Osmolyte levels of gill tissue under short-term conditions in N. obscurata 12 Filtration Rates 12 RESULTS 15 Osmolyte levels of whole animals under long-term conditions 15 Osmolyte levels of gill tissue under short-term conditions in N. obscurata 18 Filtration Rates 18 DISCUSSION 25 Filtration Rates 25 Osmolyte Concentration 32 Conclusion 35 LITERATURE CITED 37
The “Other” in Nathanael West's Fiction: Jewish Rejection or Jewish Projection

"To me, if you live in New York or any other big city, you are Jewish. It doesn't matter even if you're Catholic; if you live in New York you're Jewish. If you live in Butte, Montana, you're going to be goyish even if you're Jewish. Evaporated milk is goyish even if the Jews invented it. Spam is goyish and rye bread is Jewish. Negroes are all Jews. Italians are all Jews. Irishmen who have rejected their religion are Jews."
Atopophthirus emersoni, new genus and new species (Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from Petaurista elegans (Rodentia: Sciuridae), with a key to the genera of Enderleinellinae

This paper presents the description of a new genus and new species of sucking louse, Atopophthirus emersoni , collected from the Lesser Giant Flying Squirrel, Petaurista elegans Muller, in Johore, Mersing, West Malaysia. Male, female and 2nd nymphal instar are described and illustrated. The subfamily Enderleinellinae is discussed and redefined, and a key to the genera is presented.
The 3'-nontranslated region of rat renal glutaminase mRNA contains a pH-responsive stability element.

Rat kidney expresses two forms of glutaminase (GA) mRNA which probably result from the use of alternative polyadenylation signals. The two mRNAs are increased coordinately in response to metabolic ...
Ilusões de escolha: experimentando testes pré-natais

Prenatal testing for fetal anomaly does what medicalization often does: it individualizes social problems, and places the responsibility for managing them on the shoulders of individual women. If as a society we do not provide the services and assistance that families of disabled children require, we leave women in the impossible position of terminating otherwise wanted pregnancies, and asking them to see that as a moment of 'choice'.
Gamma Radiation Aging Study of a Dow Corning SE 1700 Porous Structure Made by Direct Ink Writing

Dow Corning SE 1700 (reinforced polydimethylsiloxane) porous structures were made by direct ink writing (DIW). The specimens (~50% porosity) were subjected to a compressive strain of ~25% while exposed to a gamma radiation dose of 1, 5, or 10 Mrad under vacuum. Compression set and load retention of the aged specimens were measured after a ~24 h relaxation period. Compression set (relative to deflection) increased with radiation dose: 11, 35, and 51% after 1, 5, and 10 Mrad, respectively. Load retention was 96-97% for the doses tested. The SE 1700 compared favorably to M9763 cellular silicone tested under the same conditions.
Listening to Perpetrators

In the nearly two decades since the violent upheavals in Rwanda and Yugoslavia, rape and sexual violence in wartime have gained public visibility and political prominence on the international human rights agenda. Although the tenor of calls for action has become increasingly urgent, attendant progress in successful prevention, interventions, and instructive research has been slower to evolve. This is partly due to interventions that seek to respond to victims’ and survivors’ immediate needs after the fact while leaving perpetrators to the criminal justice system. Conflict-related sexual violence presents a particular challenge to this intervention model because necessary institutions, such as the police and courts, are often crippled during and after war, and the number of alleged perpetrators exceeds what even a well-functioning legal system could handle. For these and other reasons, the prevailing legal and legalistic responses to war-related sexual violence appear to have failed to deliver justice to survivors and societies. By not engaging with alleged perpetrators they also do not engender healthier relationships or serve rehabilitation ends.
Using the Smartphone to Support Successful Aging: Technology Acceptance with Selective Optimization and Compensation Among Older Adults

Aging populations and the rapid dissemination of technological innovations both underscore the importance of the use and adoption of new technologies among older adults. Most studies have focused primarily on the barriers older adults face in adopting new technologies without paying much attention to how seniors might purposefully make use of new technologies to handle age-related changes. In this study, we filled both theoretical and empirical gaps by focusing on the roles smartphones might play in helping older adults handle challenges in their daily lives. Drawing upon a web-based survey of older adults 55–75 years old, our study revealed that having a positive attitude is key to successful aging and that this positive attitude toward aging motivates the elderly to utilize smartphones to compensate for aging-related deficits in daily life. We conclude our paper with a discussion of the theoretical implications of these results and directions for future research.
On the Legitimacy of Quantifying Aesthetics

Is it legitimate to quantify aesthetics? Aesthetics is thought to be a matter of subjectiveness; on the other hand, design may not be found in formulas. For instance, Jason K. McDonald states “One reason design formulas and routines are inadequate is because design so often addresses the untried, the unproven, and the unknown” [32]. However, we believe that with advances in computing, the phenomenon of big data, and, more importantly, the fundamental difference between art and visual design, it is possible to quantify aesthetics of visual design.
Paired many-to-many disjoint path covers of hypertori

Let n be a positive integer, and let d=(d1,d2,,dn) be an n-tuple of integers such that di2 for all i. A hypertorus Qnd is a simple graph defined on the vertex set {(v1,v2,,vn):0vidi1 forall i}, and has edges between u=(u1,u2,,un) and v=(v1,v2,,vn) if and only if there exists a unique i such that |uivi|=1 or di1, and for all ji, uj=vj; a two-dimensional hypertorus Q2d is simply a torus. In this paper, we prove that if d13 and d23, then Q2d is balanced paired 2-to-2 disjoint path coverable if both di are even, and is paired 2-to-2 disjoint path coverable otherwise. We also discuss a connection between this result and the popular game Flow Free. Finally, we prove several related results in higher dimensions.
IgG4-Related Kidney Disease: Pathological Features: Membranous Glomerulonephritis

IgG4-related membranous glomerulonephritis (IgG4-MGN) is the most commonly occurring glomerular disease in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). Patients present with proteinuria, usually nephrotic-range, with or without renal insufficiency. The male predominance and occurrence in middle-aged to older adults parallels other recognized organ manifestations of IgG4-RD. IgG4-MGN shows histologic and immunophenotypic similarity to primary membranous glomerulonephritis, with the notable exception of negative staining for antibodies to the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R). By definition, immune complex deposits containing IgG, kappa, and lambda and C3 are present along the subepithelial aspect of the glomerular basement membranes. In one series of IgG4-MGN, approximately half of the cases did not show concurrent IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN), although patients had other organ involvement by IgG4-RD. IgG4-MGN represents a pattern of tissue involvement that is distinct from most other manifestations of IgG4-RD. Although most organs affected by IgG4-RD demonstrate an “inflammatory” histologic picture, IgG4-MGN is characterized by immune complex deposits in the absence of corresponding inflammation.
Seeing through the face of deception

Thermal imaging offers a promising hands-off approach to mass security screening. We have developed a high-definition thermal-imaging technique that can detect attempted deceit by recording the thermal patterns from people's faces. This technique has an accuracy comparable to that of polygraph examination by experts and has potential for application in remote and rapid security screening, without the need for skilled staff or physical contact.
Correlative imaging across microscopy platforms using the fast and accurate relocation of microscopic experimental regions (FARMER) method

Imaging specific regions of interest (ROIs) of nanomaterials or biological samples with different imaging modalities (e.g., light and electron microscopy) or at subsequent time points (e.g., before and after off-microscope procedures) requires relocating the ROIs. Unfortunately, relocation is typically difficult and very time consuming to achieve. Previously developed techniques involve the fabrication of arrays of features, the procedures for which are complex, and the added features can interfere with imaging the ROIs. We report the Fast and Accurate Relocation of Microscopic Experimental Regions (FARMER) method, which only requires determining the coordinates of 3 (or more) conspicuous reference points (REFs) and employs an algorithm based on geometric operators to relocate ROIs in subsequent imaging sessions. The 3 REFs can be quickly added to various regions of a sample using simple tools (e.g., permanent markers or conductive pens) and do not interfere with the ROIs. The coordinates of the REFs and the ROIs are obtained in the first imaging session (on a particular microscope platform) using an accurate and precise encoded motorized stage. In subsequent imaging sessions, the FARMER algorithm finds the new coordinates of the ROIs (on the same or different platforms), using the coordinates of the manually located REFs and the previously recorded coordinates. FARMER is convenient, fast (3–15 min/session, at least 10-fold faster than manual searches), accurate (4.4 μm average error on a microscope with a 100x objective), and precise (almost all errors are <8 μm), even with deliberate rotating and tilting of the sample well beyond normal repositioning accuracy. We demonstrate this versatility by imaging and re-imaging a diverse set of samples and imaging methods: live mammalian cells at different time points; fixed bacterial cells on two microscopes with different imaging modalities; and nanostructures on optical and electron microscopes. FARMER can be readily adapted to any imaging system with an encoded motorized stage and can facilitate multi-session and multi-platform imaging experiments in biology, materials science, photonics, and nanoscience.
Abstract 5105: Structure-activity relationship study of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as microtubule targeting antitumor agents

Microtubules are cytoskeleton protein polymers composed of αs-tubulin heterodimers which play pivotal roles in cell division, cellular transport and cell signaling. Interfering with microtubule dynamics is a well-established strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, clinical utility of microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) in cancer chemotherapy is often limited by the emergence of drug resistance. Expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or the βIII isotype of tubulin, are two clinically established drug resistance mechanisms. We previously reported that compound AG346 binds to the colchicine site of tubulin and has microtubule depolymerization activity in A-10 cells (EC50 = 365 nM). Molecular modeling and docking studies of this compound in the X-ray crystal structure of tubulin (PDB: 402B) suggested that the pyrrole NH can be substituted with alkyl chains of optimal length to obtain an altered binding conformation which can facilitate interaction with the hydrophobic pocket formed by amino acid Val181 of side chain A, and Lys352 and Thr314 of side chain B. We designed and synthesized a variety of pyrrole NH-alkyl substituted compounds and determined that the compound AG473 shows a 43-fold improved microtubule depolymerization potency (EC50 = 8.4 nM) in A-10 cells, compared to the lead compound. In addition, this compound inhibited the growth of human melanoma cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 in culture with an IC50 of 7.2 nM, which is a 5-fold improvement in potency over the parent compound. These analogs also circumvented resistance mediated by Pgp and βIII-tubulin. These attributes provide the impetus for further preclinical development of these compounds as microtubule targeted antitumor agents in vivo and these studies are currently underway. Citation Format: Aleem Gangjee, Tasdique M. Quadery, Susan L. Mooberry. Structure-activity relationship study of pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidines as microtubule targeting antitumor agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5105. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5105
Integrated zero-index supercouplers

Zero-index supercoupling offers a mechanism through which light is confined to sub-diffraction limited length scales and efficient coupling between disparate modes is achieved. We explore this phenomena in an integrated metamaterial platform toward experimental demonstration.
Catholic High Schools: Facing the New Realities

Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Conditions for Success Chapter 2: Historical Developments Chapter 3: American Culture and Religion Chapter 4: The Mission: Moral and Religious Formation Chapter 5: Leadership: Theological Resources Chapter 6: Leadership: Moral Sources Chapter 7: Students Today: Descriptions Chapter 8: Teachers: Calling and Response Chapter 9: New Models and More Money Chapter 10: The Future of Catholic High Schools Index
Ethnic food perspective of North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat and relevance for health benefits targeting type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background Ancient grains with ethnic food origins are gaining renewed interest in contemporary food design due to its balanced nutritional profiles and health benefits. The "North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat" ( Triticum dicoccum ), a tetraploid species, had ethnic origins with German immigrants from Russia migrating to North Dakota in late 19 th century. Targeting such grains with ethnic origins that are rich in fibers, amino acids, minerals, and other bioactive compounds has significant merit for advancing health benefits against emerging diet-linked chronic diseases. Based on this rationale, phenolic-linked antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties of North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat was compared with those of other commercial wheat cultivars in order to integrate it into a health-targeted food design based on past ethnic food insights. Methods Aqueous extracts of the North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat (with and without hull) and two other commercial wheat varieties, Barlow and Coteau, were analyzed before and after milling. The total soluble phenolic content, phenolic acid profile, protein content, antioxidant activity, type 2 diabetes relevant α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activities were determined using in vitro assay models. Results North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat with hull had highest total soluble phenolic content and associated antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties (before and after milling) when compared to the other commercial wheat cultivars. Conclusion Results indicated that North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat with hull can be integrated into a health-targeted contemporary food design as a part of dietary support against chronic hyperglycemia and oxidative stress associated with early stages type 2 diabetes.
Pseudohyperkalemia in a Patient with T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Hyperleukocytosis.

A 7-year-old girl presented with lymphadenopathy and bruising suggestive of leukemia. Complete blood count was significant for white blood cell count of 479,000/mm 3 . Basic metabolic panel sent via pneumatic tube system was significant for potassium > 10 mEq/L. The stat venous blood gas potassium level was 4.6 mEq/L. A 12-lead-ECG showed sinus tachycardia without peaked T-waves. It was determined that this was pseudohyperkalemia associated with significant hyperleukocytosis. This brief report discusses rare causes of pseudohyperkalemia that can be overlooked, and details the postulated mechanisms for pseudohyperkalemia in the setting of hyperleukocytosis.
Traditional and nontraditional glycemic markers and risk of peripheral artery disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study

Abstract Background and aims Traditional glycemic markers, fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), predict incident peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, it is unknown whether nontraditional glycemic markers, fructosamine, glycated albumin, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol, are associated with PAD and whether these glycemic markers demonstrate particularly strong associations with severe PAD, critical limb ischemia (CLI). Methods We quantified the associations of these five glycemic markers with incident PAD (hospitalizations with PAD diagnosis or leg revascularization) in 11,634 ARIC participants using Cox regression models. Participants were categorized according to diabetes diagnosis and clinical cut-points of glycemic markers (nontraditional glycemic markers were categorized according to percentiles corresponding to the HbA1c cut-points). Results Over a median follow-up of 20.7 years, there were 392 cases of PAD (133 were CLI with tissue loss). HbA1c was more strongly associated with incident PAD than fasting glucose, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) 6.00 (95% CI, 3.73–9.66) for diagnosed diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 7% and 3.53 (2.39–5.22) for no diagnosed diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% compared to no diagnosed diabetes with HbA1c Conclusions Nontraditional glycemic markers were associated with incident PAD independent of fasting glucose but not necessarily HbA1c. Our results also support the importance of glucose metabolism in the progression to CLI.
Mutations Affecting Cardiac Development in Zebrafish

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the zebrafish as a genetic model system, describing the characteristics that make it amenable to classical genetic analyses, and briefly cover the basics of zebrafish embryonic development. The chapter then describes the heart development of a zebrafish in detail, in particular noting similarities to other vertebrate species. Finally, it proceeds stepwise through the process of heart development, discussing what is known about particular events and describing mutants whose study may shed light on these various processes. The zebrafish heart mutants described in this review offer tremendous opportunities to further the understanding of essentially all aspects of early cardiac development. As detailed morphological and molecular analyses of the mutant phenotypes emerge, a more precise classification of the various mutants will become possible. This classification will enable these loci to be ordered into genetic pathways controlling specific aspects of heart development, such as definitive heart tube formation or looping, and may also indicate those loci critical for the coordination of these diverse developmental events. The generation of allelic series of varying phenotypic strength will aid epistasis testing and may allow additional genes important for heart development to be identified through screens for phenotypic suppressors or enhancers. The isolation of the genes affected in the zebrafish cardiac mutants reveal the molecules that control vertebrate heart development. The embryological manipulations and detailed observation possible in the zebrafish also allows to extend molecular knowledge, revealing how genes regulate the behavior of the cells that form the heart and the rest of the cardiovascular system.
Interpretation of Analytical Data

PCB chemistry is relatively straightforward (Chapter 2), but the possible presence of 209 CBs along with metabolites and atropisomers makes some selection necessary for comprehension. More recent efforts can focus on fewer congeners but the data are still extensive. Even when restricted to the 60 or so most prevalent congeners and the highly potent coplanar congeners, the continuum of data collection→presentation→comprehensioncan be overwhelming. The large ranges in partition coefficients, volatilities, and bioconcentration factors insure that the mixtures will have different profiles in different matrices. This adds another level of complexity to the accurate assessment of PCB exposures.
Cell migration and cortisone induction of sucrase activity in jejunum and ileum.

The increase of sucrase activity in homogenates of jejunum and ileum of suckling rats after cortisone administration has been investigated. Serial tissue sections of villi and crypts were also assayed for sucrase activity and these results were compared with the migration of cells labelled with [3H]thymidine along the villus. By using a low dose of cortisone (0.5mg/day per 100g body wt.) it was found that the sensitivity of the small intestine producing system to cortisone stimulation increased during the suckling period. On the other hand, 5mg of cortisone/day per 100g body wt. produced practically the same increase of sucrase during the entire suckling period. Sucrase activity in homogenates of the entire small-intestinal wall was first detected 24h after the first injection of cortisone (5mg/day per 100g body weight) to 9-day-old animals and maximum activity both in the jejunum and ileum was reached by 120h. Jejunal activity was greater than ileal activity, but the rate of the increase was similar. The half-time of the increase was 23–27h, whereas enterocytes migrate from the base to the tip of the villi in approximately 72h. Comparison of sucrase activity in serial tissue sections of villi and crypts at various times after cortisone treatment showed that the leading edge of sucrase activity proceeds toward the tip of the villi at the same rate as the advancing edge of newly formed cells. Sucrase activity increased in the newly induced cells as they migrated to the tip of the villi. It was concluded that the increase of sucrase activity in suckling rats after cortisone stimulation is due to at least three factors: (1) increase of activity in newly differentiating cells, (2) increased percentage of villus cells with sucrase activity and (3) continued production or activation of sucrase activity as the cells migrate along the villi.
Impaired innate immune signaling due to combined Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 deficiency affects both periodontitis and atherosclerosis in response to polybacterial infection

Plasma membrane-associated Toll-like receptor (TLR2 and TLR4) signaling contributes to oral microbe infection-induced periodontitis and atherosclerosis. We recently reported that either TLR2 or TLR4 receptor deficiency alters recognition of a consortium of oral pathogens, modifying host responses in periodontitis and atherosclerosis. We evaluated the effects of combined TLR2-/-TLR4-/- double knockout mice on innate immune signaling and induction of periodontitis and atherosclerosis after polybacterial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum in a mouse model. Multispecies infections established gingival colonization in all TLR2-/-TLR4-/- mice and induced production of bacterial-specific IgG antibodies. In combined TLR2-/-TLR4-/- deficiency there was, however, reduced alveolar bone resorption and mild gingival inflammation with minimal migration of junctional epithelium and infiltration of inflammatory cells. This indicates a central role for TLR2 and TLR4 in periodontitis. Atherosclerotic plaque progression was markedly reduced in infected TLR2-/-TLR4-/- mice or in heterozygotes indicating a profound effect on plaque growth. However, bacterial genomic DNA was detected in multiple organs in TLR2-/-TLR4-/- mice indicating an intravascular dissemination from gingival tissue to heart, aorta, kidney and lungs. TRL2 and TLR4 were dispensable for systemic spread after polybacterial infections but TLR2 and 4 deficiency markedly reduces atherosclerosis induced by oral bacteria.
Inpatient and Outpatient Infection as a Trigger of Cardiovascular Disease: The ARIC Study

Background Acute infections are known cardiovascular disease (CVD) triggers, but little is known regarding how CVD risk varies following inpatient versus outpatient infections. We hypothesized that...