cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternation of sex ratio in a partially bivoltine bee, Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Data on offspring production by the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), from three site-years were used to examine predictions of parental investment and sex ratio theory. In northern Utah, spring-emergent adults produce two types of offspring: those that develop directly to the adult stage and emerge in midsummer, and those that develop to the prepupal stage and enter diapause until the following year. For species with this kind of life cycle, it has been hypothesized that spring parents should bias their investment in summer emergent progeny towards females if spring males survive to participate in the summer mating. Results from all site-years support the theory. The sex ratio of summer-emergent progeny is always biased towards females, that of diapausing progeny is usually biased towards males, and there is always a significant difference between the two; and there is no difference in the sex ratio of diapausing offspring, whether produced by the spring or summer generations. However, the main premise of the theory remains unsubstantiated: in a preliminary estimate, we found the probability that spring males participate in summer matings to be very low. The import of the unexpected finding that diapausing progeny are 50% larger than summer-emergent progeny is discussed.
Three-dimensional chemical structures by protein functionalized micron-sized beads bound to polylysine-coated silicone surfaces.

A novel method is described here that allows three-dimensional (3D) control of both chemistry and morphology by a series of wet chemical steps: the attachment of protein functionalized micron-sized beads onto a flat silicone surface that has been functionalized with a distinct chemical modification. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), laminin, or polylysine is covalently bound to 6.5-μm-diameter spherical beads. A chemical method is then used to bind these beads to a flat silicone surface that is subsequently functionalized with polylysine. This process leads to a nonspecific cell adhesive background on the flat surface (polylysine) with the option of differing chemistry on the third-dimension due to the protein BSA or laminin on the bead protruding from the surface. The beads do not detach during cyclic stretching in vitro. Neo-natal rat cardiac fibroblasts are cultured on the beaded surfaces and compared with fibroblasts cultured on nonbeaded, flat polylysine surfaces. Fibroblast plating density, integrin, and physical responses are examined as a function of varying the ligands on the beads. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 373–380, 2005
Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Pleckstrin Homology and Phosphotyrosine-binding Domains Are Both Involved in Plasma Membrane Targeting *

The localization of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) molecules may be responsible for the differential biological activities of insulin and other peptides such as platelet-derived growth factor. The subcellular localization of IRS-1 is controversial, with some reports suggesting association with the cytoskeleton and other studies reporting membrane localization. In this study, we used immunofluorescence microscopy to define the localization of IRS-1. In the basal state, recombinant IRS-1 was localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. In response to insulin, recombinant IRS-1 translocated to the plasma membrane. We have also studied the localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins. Unlike native IRS-1, a fusion protein containing GFP plus full-length IRS-1 appeared to localize in inclusion bodies. In contrast, when GFP was fused to the N terminus of IRS-1 (i.e. the pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains), this fusion protein was targeted to the plasma membrane. Mutations of phosphoinositide-binding sites in both the pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains significantly reduced the ability of Myc-tagged IRS-1 to translocate to the plasma membrane following insulin stimulation. However, these mutations did not cause a statistically significant impairment of tyrosine phosphorylation in response to insulin. This raises the possibility that IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation may occur prior to plasma membrane translocation.
Surface 12 lead electrocardiogram recordings using smart phone technology

Abstract Importance AliveCor ECG is an FDA approved ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitor that records a single channel (lead I) ECG rhythm strip using an iPhone. In the past few years, the use of smartphones and tablets with health related applications has significantly proliferated. Objective In this initial feasibility trial, we attempted to reproduce the 12 lead ECG using the bipolar arrangement of the AliveCor monitor coupled to smart phone technology. Methods We used the AliveCor heart monitor coupled with an iPhone cellular phone and the AliveECG application (APP) in 5 individuals. Results In our 5 individuals, recordings from both a standard 12 lead ECG and the AliveCor generated 12 lead ECG had the same interpretation. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating a 12 lead ECG with a smart phone. The validity of the recordings would seem to suggest that this technology could become an important useful tool for clinical use. This new hand held smart phone 12 lead ECG recorder needs further development and validation.
Effects of face and inanimate-object contexts on stimulus–response compatibility

Prior studies have shown that a left–right spatial compatibility effect occurs for vertically oriented stimuli relative to a background context of a face rotated 90° clockwise or counterclockwise from upright. For stimuli presented at the location of the eyes, the mapping of the right eye to a right response and the left eye to a left response, as would be viewed by the participant, yields better performance than does the opposite mapping. An issue of current interest in social cognition is whether animate objects are processed differently from inanimate ones. We investigated this issue in two experiments in which we compared the compatibility effects obtained with inanimate objects to those obtained with animate, face stimuli. The results showed left–right compatibility effects from the participant’s perspective for vehicles and faces from frontal and profile views, as well as for a road sign. Our findings indicate that coding of stimulus location relative to an external frame of reference is not restricted to face backgrounds.
Energy dependence, kinetic isotope effects, and thermochemistry of the nearly thermoneutral reactions N+(3P)+H2(HD,D2)→NH+(ND+)+H(D)

The reactions of N+(3P) ions with H2, HD, D2 are examined using guided ion beam tandem mass spectroscopy. Absolute reaction cross sections are measured from near thermal energies to 30 eV relative energy. The low energy cross section behavior is analyzed using empirical threshold models and phase space theory. The results are compared to other recent studies of the N++H2 system. The reaction endothermicity for N+(3P)+H2→NH++H, ΔH○0 =0.033±0.024 eV (0.76±0.55 kcal/mol), and the bond energy of NH+, D○0(N–H+) =3.51±0.03 eV (80.9±0.6 kcal/mol), are derived from the results.
Mammographically Occult Breast Cancer

Figure 1. A right axillary mass was palpated by a 62-year-old woman while she was exercising. Surgical biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma, suggestive of metastatic breast cancer. The results of physical examination and mammography of the right breast were normal. One minute after a bolus intravenous injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.1 mmol per kilogram of body weight), 1.5-T, high-resolution, T1-weighted, three-dimensional, water-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the right breast revealed an irregular mass (arrow). MRI-guided needle localization was performed, and the location of the lesion was marked with an MRI-compatible hook wire. Subsequent lumpectomy revealed a 1.2-cm invasive ductal . . .
Cationic dyes reveal proteoglycans structurally integrated within the characteristic lesions of Alzheimer's disease.

The cationic dyes ruthenium red (RR) and cuprolinic blue (CB) were used to preserve proteoglycans (PGs) for visualization at the ultrastructural level in brain tissue from seven cases of Alzheimer's disease (obtained at autopsy within 3–4 h after death). PGs were visualized as RR-positive granules specifically localized to the amyloid fibrils in neuritic plaques. In neurofibrillary tangles, RR granules were localized to the paired helical filaments and straight filaments usually at a consistent periodicity of 40–70 nm. CB, known to preserve PGs as short punctate filaments, also demonstrated PGs specifically localized to the amyloid fibrils in neuritic plaques and in association with paired helical filaments and straight filaments in neurofibrillary tangles. Persistent staining with CB at magnesium chloride concentrations of 0.3 and 0.7 M in the neuritic plaques suggested the presence of highly sulfated PGs, whereas abolishment of CB staining at 0.7 M magnesium chloride in the neurofibrillary tangles implied that different PGs and/or glycosaminoglycans were present in the neurofibrillary tangles. The specific ultrastructural localization of PGs to the characteristic lesions in Alzheimer's disease suggests that PGs are part of a complex structural network with amyloid fibrils in neuritic plaques and the filamentous structures present in neurofibrillary tangles.
The product of hedgehog autoproteolytic cleavage active in local and long-range signalling

The secreted protein products of the hedgehog (hh) gene family are associated with local and long-range signalling activities that are responsible for developmental patterning in multiple systems, including Drosophila embryonic and larval tissues and vertebrate neural tube, limbs and somites. In a process that is critical for full biological activity, the hedgehog protein (Hh) undergoes autoproteolysis to generate two biochemically distinct products, an 18K amino-terminal fragment, N, and a 25K carboxy-terminal fragment, C (ref. 16); mutations that block autoproteolysis impair Hh function. We have identified the site of autoproteolytic cleavage and find that it is broadly conserved throughout the hedgehog family. Knowing the site of cleavage, we were able to test the function of the N and C cleavage products in Drosophila assays. We show here that the N product is the active species in both local and long-range signalling. Consistent with this, all twelve mapped hedgehog mutations either affected the structure of the N product directly or otherwise blocked the release of N from the Hh precursor as a result of deletion or alteration of sequences in the C domain.
Neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir blocks GM1 ganglioside-regulated excitatory opioid receptor-mediated hyperalgesia, enhances opioid analgesia and attenuates tolerance in mice.

Abstract The endogenous glycolipid GM1 ganglioside plays a critical role in nociceptive neurons in regulating opioid receptor excitatory signaling demonstrated to mediate “paradoxical” morphine hyperalgesia and to contribute to opioid tolerance/dependence. Neuraminidase (sialidase) increases levels of GM1, a monosialoganglioside, in these neurons by enzymatic removal of sialic acid from abundant polysialylated gangliosides. In this study, acute treatment of mice with the neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir enhanced morphine analgesia. Acute oseltamivir also reversed “paradoxical” hyperalgesia induced by an extremely low dose of morphine, unmasking potent analgesia. In chronic studies, co-administration of oseltamivir with morphine prevented and reversed the hyperalgesia associated with morphine tolerance. These results provide the first evidence indicating that treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir, blocks morphine's hyperalgesic effects by decreasing neuronal levels of GM1. The present study further implicates GM1 in modulating morphine analgesia and tolerance, via its effects on the underlying excitatory signaling of Gs-coupled opioid receptors. Finally, this work suggests a remarkable, previously unrecognized effect of oseltamivir—which is widely used clinically as an antiviral agent against influenza—on glycolipid regulation of opioid excitability functions in nociceptive neurons.
Mitral valve prolapse: Comparative Value of M-mode, two-dimensional and doppler echocardiography

M-mode, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were used to assess the comparative value of each in the detection of clinically diagnosed mitral valve prolapse; 125 consecutive patients with a mid- to late systolic click, with or without a late systolic murmur, were included. There were 46 men and 79 women; their mean age was 42 years. M-mode echocardiography detected 62 of 125 cases (sensitivity 50%). Two-dimensional echo-cardiography was positive in 85 cases (sensitivity 68%) and 90 cases were detected with Doppler echocardiography (sensitivity 72%). When all three techniques were combined, 116 cases were correctly diagnosed (total echo-graphic sensitivity 93%). The relative insensitivity of the M-mode technique and the additive value of two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in the detection of auscultatory mitral prolapse are emphasized.
A phenomenological contact model: Understanding the graft–tunnel interaction in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery

Abstract In this paper, we sought to expand the fidelity of a validated model of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) procedure by incorporating a stick–slip contact model with linear pressure–overclosure relationship at the interface. The suggested model is characterized by three unknown parameters, friction coefficient, shear stress softening and contact stiffness. In the absence of any isolated experiments exploring the graft–tunnel interactions during an aggregate joint load, the calibration data used in this study are derived from a reported biomechanical study. A Bayesian calibration procedure was employed to find the unknown probability distribution function (PDF) of these contact parameters. Initially, the response surface approximations of the predicted graft forces from laxity test simulations was adopted to estimate the likelihood of noisy experimental data reported in the literature. Then, the wide domain of contact parameters was sampled sequentially based on the Marcov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with acceptance–rejection criteria to search for population of samples in significantly narrower domain of unknown parameters that are associated with the highest occurrence likelihood of noisy experimental data. Our simulations with calibrated contact parameters indicate that pre-tensioning applied at 30° of flexion leads to larger graft force after the joint is fully extended compared to the graft force when the same pre-tensioning force is applied at full extension. Moreover, regardless of the pre-tensioning force, the graft–tunnel contact pressure is larger when the fixation of the graft is performed at full extension, increasing with the pre-tensioning force.
On the steady laminar flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in a curved pipe of elliptical cross-section

A literature survey (Berger, Talbot & Yao 1983) indicates that laminar viscous flow in curved pipes has been extensively investigated. Most of the existing analytical results deal with the case of circular cross-section. The important studies dealing with elliptical cross-sections are mainly due to Thomas & Walters (1965) and Srivastava (1980). The analysis of Thomas & Walters is based on Dean's (1927, 1928) approach in which the simplified forms of the momentum and continuity equations have been used. The analysis of Srivastava is essentially a seminumerical approach, in which no explicit expressions have been presented.In this paper, using elliptic coordinates and following the unsimplified formulation of Topakoglu (1967), the flow in a curved pipe of elliptical cross-section is analysed. Two different geometries have been considered: (i) with the major axis of the ellipse placed in the direction of the radius of curvature; and (ii) with the minor axis of the ellipse placed in the direction of the radius of curvature. For both cases explicit expressions for the first term of the expansion of the secondary-flow stream function as a function of the ellipticity ratio of the elliptic section have been obtained. After selecting a typical numerical value for the ellipticity ratio, the secondary-flow streamlines are plotted. The results are compared with that of Thomas & Walters. The remaining terms of the expansion of the flow field are not included, but they will be analysed in a future paper.
Single-Sex Education in Public School Settings

Abstract Although researchers have studied the effectiveness of single-sex education (SSE), the findings have been mixed. This exploratory study reports the perceived goals and effectiveness of single-sex education based on interviews with a small group of educators involved with SSE in various ways. Research participants included a school principal and two teachers from the same elementary school, and two university professors. The interview data regarding single-sex education for girls and boys are categorized according to the following areas: reasons for using single-sex settings, strengths and weaknesses of single-sex schooling, suggestions for successful SSE implementation, and future directions of and suggested research for single-sex education. The study participants offer experience-based ideas that both resonate with and expand on current literature.
Growing a Virtual Insurgency: Using Massively Parallel Gaming to Simulate Insurgent Behavior:

Models and simulations of counter-insurgency warfare and irregular (COIN) operations are only as effective as their underlying models of insurgent behavior. Existing simulations of insurgencies rely upon strong assumptions that may limit their validity, and thus their use in training for COIN operations. This paper suggests an alternative approach to modeling insurgencies: using a massively parallel game architecture. Massively parallel systems exhibit surprising capacities for learning, adapting and solving complex problems, while games may stimulate individual learning. By harnessing these adaptive capabilities, the proposed massive multiplayer online first-person shooter (MMOFPS) game holds promise for a more realistic and valid simulation of the behavior of insurgencies by incorporating actual human players. Furthermore, by constructing a persistent virtual world in which human players simulate insurgents, the MMOFPS game allows researchers and decision-makers to observe and measure the behavior of ‘meta-insurgents’, allowing for model validation. Data collection and post-game interviews of players also allow for both quantitative and ethnographic experimentation. This paper proposes a gaming architecture and evaluates the technical risks.
Computing the fine structure of real reductive symmetric spaces

Much of the structure of Lie groups has been implemented in several computer algebra packages, including LiE, GAP4, Chevie, Magma and Maple. The structure of reductive symmetric spaces is very similar to that of the underlying Lie group and a computer algebra package for computations related to symmetric spaces would be an important tool for researchers in many areas of mathematics. Until recently only very few algorithms existed for computations in symmetric spaces due to the fact that their structure is much more complicated than that of the underlying group. In recent work, Daniel and Helminck [Daniel, J.R., Helminck, A.G., 2004. Algorithms for computations in local symmetric spaces. Comm. Algebra (in press)] gave a complete set of algorithms for computing the fine structure of Riemannian symmetric spaces. In this paper we make the first step in extending these results to general real reductive symmetric spaces and give a number of algorithms for computing some of their fine structure. This case is a lot more complicated since it involves the intricate relations of five root systems and their Weyl groups instead of just two as in the Riemannian case. We show first that this fine structure can be obtained from the setting of a complex reductive Lie group with a pair of commuting involutions. Then we proceed to give a number of algorithms for computing the fine structure of the latter.
Improved FET noise model extraction method for statistical model development

An analytic method is presented for extracting gate-source leakage resistance, R/sub gs/, from S-parameter measurements /spl ges/500 MHz. Subsequent noise source parameter extraction is frequency independent. Consequently, model parameter optimization is eliminated and physical correlations between parameters preserved. Compact statistical noise models can then be developed using the Principal Component method. R/sub gs/ also improves modeled low-frequency stability characteristics. >
Dealloying below the Critical Potential

Conventionally, the critical potential represents the potential marking the onset of bulk dealloying. The current density below the critical potential is only weakly dependent on potential, and the physical processes responsible for this passive-like behavior are poorly understood. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy was used to study the nature of the surface morphology which develops at potentials less than the critical potential. At fixed potential, the time-dependent evolution of the surface morphology was correlated with the observed current decay. This allowed the authors to identify and model the physical processes which control the current decay. They find two general regimes of power law behavior in the current decay corresponding to exhaustion of an activation-controlled dissolution process (t{sup {minus}1}) and the operation of one of three mechanisms of surface mass-transport control (t{sup {minus}5/8}, t{sup {minus}1/2}, and t{sup {minus}1/4}). Potential-pulsing experiments were performed in order to examine the effect of a blocking noble-metal layer on the nucleation and growth of the porous structure associated with bulk dealloying. These results were analyzed using a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami analysis. The Avrami exponents found were fractional and in the range of 1.25 to 1.8. The fractional exponents were interpreted in terms of the fractal dimension characterizing themore » initial stages of porosity formation during bulk dealloying.« less
Dyson's equations for nucleon-pion-delta interactions: Toward a self-consistent solution in nuclear matter☆

Abstract A formalism is developed for the self-consistent solution of Dyson's equations for the pion and the delta in cold nuclear matter. The nucleon-delta and nucleon-pion “loop integrals” are evaluated and are inserted into the pion and delta-particle propagators, respectively. The resulting pion propagator displays two distinct families of “spikes” which are dramatically different from the free-space behavior. In particular, there are significant high-momentum components of the pion which give large contributions to the nucleon-pion loop integral. Such contributions lead to severe spikes in the iterated delta propagator. Studies are made too of the sensitivity of the results of the cutoff range of the “form factor” used to evaluate the loop integrals, to the starting solution, and to the density. Also, for the densities studies here, the pion propagator exhibits pure delta-function singularities, which occur over a small range of energies just above the mass of the pion. However, it is shown that such delta functions have a negligible effect on the main calculation. Finally, this paper gives a comprehensice treatment of the main methods used to solve the nuclear matter Dyson's equations.
Monitoring technology and firm boundaries: Physician–hospital integration and technology utilization

Abstract We study the relationship between physician–hospital integration and its relation to monitoring IT utilization. We develop a theoretical model in which monitoring IT may complement or substitute for integration and test these relationships using a novel data source. Physician labor market heterogeneity identifies the empirical model. We find that monitoring IT utilization is increasing in integration, implying that expanded firm boundaries complement monitoring IT adoption. We argue that the relationship between monitoring IT and firm boundaries depends upon the contractibility of the monitored information.
Mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running exhibit lower blood pressure during withdrawal from wheel access

► Exercise is rewarding and has positive effects on mental and physical health. ► Excessive exercise may sometimes reflect an underlying addiction. ► We studied lines of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running (HR). ► During withdrawal from wheel access, HR had lower blood pressure than controls. ► Mice from the selectively bred HR lines may be addicted to wheel running. abstract article i nfo Exercise is known to be rewarding and have positive effects on mental and physical health. Excessive exercise, however, can be the result of an underlying behavioral/physiological addiction. Both humans who exercise reg- ularly and rodent models of exercise addiction sometimes display behavioral withdrawal symptoms, including depression and anxiety, when exercise is denied. However, few studies have examined the physiological state that occurs during this withdrawal period. Alterations in blood pressure (BP) are common physiological indica- tors of withdrawal in a variety of addictions. In this study, we examined exercise withdrawal in four replicate lines of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running (HR lines). Mice from the HR lines run almost 3-fold greater distances on wheels than those from non-selected control lines, and have altered brain activity as well as increased behavioral despair when wheel access is removed. We tested the hypothesis that male HR mice have an altered cardiovascular response (heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure (MAP)) during exercise withdrawal. Measurements using an occlusion tail-cuff system were taken during 8 days of baseline, 6 days of wheel access, and 2 days of withdrawal (wheel access blocked). During withdrawal, HR mice had significantly lower systolic BP, diastolic BP, and MAP than controls, potentially indicating a differential dependence on voluntary wheel running in HR mice. This is the first characterization of a cardiovascular with- drawal response in an animal model of high voluntary exercise.
Two Intermembrane Space Tim Complexes Interact with Different Domains of Tim23p during Its Import into Mitochondria

Tim23p (translocase of the inner membrane) is an essential import component located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. To determine how the Tim23 protein itself is transported into mitochondria, we used chemical cross-linking to identify proteins adjacent to Tim23p during its biogenesis. In the absence of an inner membrane potential, Tim23p is translocated across the mitochondrial outer membrane, but not inserted into the inner membrane. At this intermediate stage, we find that Tim23p forms cross-linked products with two distinct protein complexes of the intermembrane space, Tim8p–Tim13p and Tim9p–Tim10p. Tim9p and Tim10p cross-link to the COOH-terminal domain of the Tim23 protein, which carries all of the targeting signals for Tim23p. Therefore, our results suggest that the Tim9p–Tim10p complex plays a key role in Tim23p import. In contrast, Tim8p and Tim13p cross-link to the hydrophilic NH2-terminal segment of Tim23p, which does not carry essential import information and, thus, the role of Tim8p–Tim13p is unclear. Tim23p contains two matrix-facing, positively charged loops that are essential for its insertion into the inner membrane. The positive charges are not required for interaction with the Tim9p–Tim10p complex, but are essential for cross-linking of Tim23p to components of the inner membrane insertion machinery, including Tim54p, Tim22p, and Tim12p.
Combined high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopy increase extent of resection and progression-free survival for pituitary adenomas

The clinical benefit of combined intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and endoscopy for transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection has not been completely characterized. This study assessed the impact of microscopy, endoscopy, and/or iMRI on progression-free survival, extent of resection status (gross-, near-, and sub-total resection), and operative complications. Retrospective analyses were performed on 446 transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgeries at a single institution between 1998 and 2012. Multivariate analyses were used to control for baseline characteristics, differences during extent of resection status, and progression-free survival analysis. Additional surgery was performed after iMRI in 56/156 cases (35.9 %), which led to increased extent of resection status in 15/156 cases (9.6 %). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression revealed no increase in extent of resection status following iMRI or endoscopy alone; however, combining these modalities increased extent of resection status (odds ratio 2.05, 95 % CI 1.21–3.46) compared to conventional transsphenoidal microsurgery. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that reduced extent of resection status shortened progression-free survival for near- versus gross-total resection [hazard ratio (HR) 2.87, 95 % CI 1.24–6.65] and sub- versus near-total resection (HR 2.10; 95 % CI 1.00–4.40). Complication comparisons between microscopy, endoscopy, and iMRI revealed increased perioperative deaths for endoscopy versus microscopy (4/209 and 0/237, respectively), but this difference was non-significant considering multiple post hoc comparisons (Fisher exact, p = 0.24). Combined use of endoscopy and iMRI increased pituitary adenoma extent of resection status compared to conventional transsphenoidal microsurgery, and increased extent of resection status was associated with longer progression-free survival. Treatment modality combination did not significantly impact complication rate.
Tennessee Williams and Jo Mielziner: The Memory Plays

The conventional reliance upon “memory,” the lyric subtleties of both writing and scenery, and the ubiquitous mood of emotional despair characterize three early Tennessee Williams plays — The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Summer and Smoke — and set them a part from the less “poetic” currents in the Williams canon. The plays are remarkably similar in organic configuration; their shape and texture reveal a theatrical form of considerable distinction. Although they gained articulate theatrical expression under three different directors, the scenery for all three was designed (in the “Broadway” productions) by Jo Mielziner, whose ideas have continued to influence subsequent productions. The unique fusion of the Williams-Mielziner artistry has given the American drama a consummate theatre aesthetic: a vision of dramatic life most subtle in its use of human values and most articulate in its visual definition of mood.
Environmental Change, Family Adaptations, and Child Development: Longitudinal Research in India

John and Beatrice Whiting provided both the research tools and the theoretical framework for the author’s longitudinal study of children and their families in a rapidly changing town in India. This article describes some of the major findings of that research project, beginning with a 2-year study of young children from 1965 to 1967 and follow-up work with the same children and families through 1999. Results of the Six Culture Study and the larger sample of communities in Bea Whiting and Carolyn Edwards’s Children of Different Worlds are used to put the author’s research findings into a broader, cross-cultural framework.
A Novel Optical Microring Resonator Accelerometer

A unique optical accelerometer based on a microring resonator fabricated on a flexible substrate is experimentally demonstrated and its performance analyzed. This accelerometer measures the applied acceleration by measuring the shift of the resonant wavelength of the flexible microring resonator. The measured sensitivity of 31 pm/g is in accordance with our calculations. Some schemes of tailoring the sensitivity and the dynamic range are also suggested.
High magma storage rates before the 1983 eruption of Kilauea, Hawaii

After a magnitude 7.2 earthquake in 1975 and before the start of the ongoing eruption in 1983, deformation of Kilauea volcano was the most rapid ever recorded. Three-dimensional numerical modeling shows that this deformation is consistent with the dilation of a dike within Kilauea's rift zones coupled with creep over a narrow area of a low-angle fault beneath the south flank. Magma supply is estimated to be 0.18 cubic kilometers per year, twice that of previous estimates. The 1983 eruption may be a direct consequence of the high rates of magma storage within the rift zone that followed the 1975 earthquake.
Low-power repeaters driving RC and RLC interconnects with delay and bandwidth constraints

Interconnect plays an increasingly important role in deep-submicrometer very large scale integrated technologies. Multiple design criteria are considered in interconnect design, such as delay, power, and bandwidth. In this paper, a repeater insertion methodology is presented for achieving the minimum power in an RC interconnect while satisfying delay and bandwidth constraints. These constraints determine a design space for the number and size of the repeaters. The minimum power is shown to occur at the edge of the design space. With delay constraints, closed form solutions for the minimum power are developed, where the average error is 7% as compared with SPICE. With bandwidth constraints, the minimum power can be achieved with minimum-sized repeaters. The effects of inductance on the delay, bandwidth, and power of an RLC interconnect with repeaters are also analyzed. By including inductance, the minimum interconnect power under a delay or bandwidth constraint decreases as compared with an RC interconnect.
The FEAR Protein Slk19 Restricts Cdc14 Phosphatase to the Nucleus until the End of Anaphase, Regulating Its Participation in Mitotic Exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitosis, the protein Slk19 plays an important role in the initial release of Cdc14 phosphatase from the nucleolus to the nucleus in early anaphase, an event that is critical for proper anaphase progression. A role for Slk19 in later mitotic stages of Cdc14 regulation, however, has not been demonstrated. While investigating the role of Slk19 post-translational modification on Cdc14 regulation, we found that a triple point mutant of SLK19, slk19(3R) (three lysine-to-arginine mutations), strongly affects Cdc14 localization during late anaphase and mitotic exit. Using fluorescence live-cell microscopy, we found that, similar to slk19Δ cells, slk19(3R) cells exhibit no defect in spindle stability and only a mild defect in spindle elongation dynamics. Unlike slk19Δcells, however, slk19(3R) cells exhibit no defect in Cdc14 release from the nucleolus to the nucleus. Instead, slk19(3R) cells are defective in the timing of Cdc14 movement from the nucleus to the cytoplasm at the end of anaphase. This mutant has a novel phenotype: slk19(3R) causes premature Cdc14 movement to the cytoplasm prior to, rather than concomitant with, spindle disassembly. One consequence of this premature Cdc14 movement is the inappropriate activation of the mitotic exit network, made evident by the fact that slk19(3R) partially rescues a mutant of the mitotic exit network kinase Cdc15. In conclusion, in addition to its role in regulating Cdc14 release from the nucleolus to the nucleus, we found that Slk19 is also important for regulating Cdc14 movement from the nucleus to the cytoplasm at the end of anaphase.
Optimal capacity of p-persistent CSMA protocols

We deal with the characterization and computation of the p value, say p/sub opt/, corresponding to the maximum protocol capacity in p-persistent carrier-sense multiaccess (CSMA) protocols. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we give an analytical justification, and a numerical validation of a heuristic formula widely used in the literature to characterize the p/sub opt/. Second, we provide closed formulas for the p/sub opt/, and we show that the optimal capacity state, given the message length distribution, is characterized by an invariant figure: the Mp/sub opt/ product.
Direct and Indirect Human Computer Interaction Based Biometrics

In this paper we survey the state of the art in direct and indirect human computer interaction based biometrics. Direct HCI biometrics are based on abilities, style, preference, knowledge, or strategy used by people while working with a computer. The indirect HCI-based biometrics are events that can be obtained by monitoring users’ HCI behavior indirectly via observable low-level actions of computer software. We examine current research and analyze the types of features used to describe HCI behavior. After comparing accuracy rates for verification of users using different HCI- based biometric approaches we address privacy issues which arise with the use of HCI dependant biometrics. Finally, we present results of our experiments with direct and indirect HCI-based behavioral biometrics employed as a part of an intrusion detection system.
Predicting DO Variations Caused by Algae

Eutrophic environments are often dominated by planktonic algal populations (phytoplankton) which can cause diurnal variations in DO concentrations through respiratory activity and photosynthesis. Photo synthetic oxygenation and respiratory deoxygenation rates of estuarine phytoplankton were measured at various standing crop (chlorophyll) levels. Oxygen production and consumption rates for actively growing phytoplankton populations were related to standing crop at 20○C and non-limiting light. Variations in algal photo synthetic production rate, as related to light adaption, age of cells, nutrition, temperature and algal type, are considered. The Streeter-Phelps equation was modified to include phytoplankton production and respiration rates in formulations designed to predict DO concentrations over a 24-hr period. An example is given, and the resulting predictions are compared with field measurements from a tidal reach of the San Joaquin River, California.
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy of the Lower Lobe: Superior and Basilar Segmentectomy

Although the Lung Cancer Study Group published worse outcomes in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer who underwent sublobar resection, these data are fairly old and not reflective of the current patient population or surgical techniques. With the change in lung cancer pathology over these past few decades, our increased understanding of lung cancer and the era of screening for lung cancer, video-assisted thorascopic segmentectomy will likely play a greater role in the management of our patients.
Disability in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Idiopathic Chronic Fatigue

The current investigation classified 31 people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and 44 people with idiopathic chronic fatigue (ICF) into mild, moderate, and severe/very severe categories of self reported functional impairment. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics, symptom frequency, symptom severity, and functional impairment were examined between individuals with CFS and ICF, and were examined among the three categories of functional impairment. Results indicated that there were no differences between the CFS and ICF groups in their functional impairment classification. People who were classified into the more disabled categories reported more severe symptoms, and were more likely to have scores indicating higher disability on other measures of functional status. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a cutaneous cases based update

Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus (NLE) is an uncommon autoimmune disease characterized by cutaneous, hepatic, hematological, neurological and cardiac involvement. Here we report four cases of cutaneous NLE which were referred to our department in the last 10 years and update literature. The newborns presented with different skin, clinical and laboratory features. This underlines the phenotypic variability of NLE. We investigated the passage of maternal antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen antibodies (ENA) - particularly anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB and anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein RNP - through the placenta. Despite the positive family background, cutaneous NLE and serological data improved in infants within 4 months without treatment. The evolution of cutaneous NLE may be the spontaneous regression of lesions within six months without progression to Systemic Lupus Erytehmatosus.
Embryonic Stem Cells as a Source of Pancreatic Precursors and Islet Cells in Vitro

cells or β cells from an abundant, renewable, and readily accessible source for transplantation would probably render current transplantation therapies obsolete. Although this ultimate goal is on the distant horizon, recent progress, representing the first step, has been made in identifying pancreatic precursor cells and differentiated islet cells generated from both mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells. The next hurdle, achieving enrichment of these cell types from ES cell cultures and isolating purified populations for functional testing, may be a more challenging step. It is becoming clear that a better understanding of the sequential genetic and epigenetic signals occurring during normal mouse and human development will be necessary. Particularly relevant is the need to understand the nature and identity of true embryonic pancreatic precursor cells and islet progenitor cells, and to identify conditions that allow their efficient, large-scale isolation. An ES cell-based in vitro differentiation system can facilitate these goals by providing a straightforward means to select and purify progenitor cells, and to investigate conditions that promote their expansion and differentiation ex vivo. Specifically, a human ES cell-based in vitro model system would be invaluable for studying human islet development and for providing cells for transplantation. The Clinical Problem
Accessory subunit of ISW2, Itc1 senses extranucleosomal DNA for regulating nucleosome remodeling

Abstract ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to bring about changes in the chromatin structure and make DNA accessible to regulatory factors. One suc...
Patterns in the Distribution of Gypsy Moth ( Lymantria dispar ) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Egg Masses Over an 11-Year Population Cycle

The location and aggregation of gypsy moth egg masses in a population near New Paltz, N.Y., were monitored yearly during the period from 1971 to 1981. The population went from a peak in 1971, through a trough between 1974 and 1977, to another peak in 1981. Warm, dry conditions during May and June were associated with population increases, while cooler and wetter conditions were associated with decreases. During the years of greater abundance the egg mass density (no. per ha bark) varied with the abundance of xeric soils, xeric indicator tree species, and the preferred food plants. During the trough, however, the density of egg masses on vegetation was unrelated to woodland type. The ratio of egg masses found on human-built structures to those on vegetation varied inversely with the total egg mass count. During the trough and nontrough periods the density of egg masses on structures in a woodland depended on both the amount and types of structures present. Egg mass aggregation was determined at the following levels: microsite, individual plant, species, and landscape (woodland). In all cases aggregation was greatest during the trough. After the trough, landscape scale aggregation decreased sharply. By 1980 it attained a level similar to that of 1981 when the egg mass density was two orders of magnitude greater. The possible meanings of these changes in egg mass location and aggregation are explored in terms of gypsy moth survival strategies.
Older Men's Perceptions of Personal Control: The Effect of Health Status

Data from the Older Male Cohort of the National Longitudinal Surveys are analyzed in this study to investigate antecedents of perceptions of personal control. Particular attention is given to the effects of individual health factors. The findings support the life stress model that assumes that social conditions and environmental changes affect individual perceptions of control via opportunities and resources for carrying out efficacious actions. The analysis suggests, however, that various untested moderating conditions determine the nature and direction of the impact. Future investigations are needed to identify these moderating variables and specify their differential effects.
The Fulvous Harvest Mouse in New Mexico

Four specimens of the fulvous harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys fulvescens (Allen), were captured by us on three successive nights, January 27–30, 1957, 22 miles south and two miles east of Rodeo, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The site of capture is located in the Peloncillo Mountains at the point where the Geronimo Trail (the road between Douglas, Arizona and the Animas valley, New Mexico) crosses the crest of the range at an altitude of approximately 5,900 feet. The animals were trapped …
Immunofluorescent labelling of k-papovavirus antigens in glycol methacrylate embedded material: A method for studying infected cell populations by fluorescence microscopy and histological staining of adjacent sections

Trypsin and protease V (pronase) were studied for their ability to enhance immuno-fluorescent labelling of papovavirus antigens in glycol methacrylate embedded sections of organs infected with murine K-papovavirus. Treatment of Bouin's fixed sections with 0.4% trypsin for 30 minutes resulted in specific immunofluorescent staining equal to that seen in frozen sections and produced little if any loss of histological detail. Treatment with protease V resulted in less brilliant fluorescence and less satisfactory tissue preservation. Studies were then conducted to determine the fixative which would produce brightest specific fluorescent antibody staining of papovavirus-infected cells while providing clearest definition of intranuclear inclusions and best morphological detail in histologically stained adjacent sections. Brightest immunofluorescence staining was accomplished on material fixed in 96% ethanol/1% glacial acetic acid or Bouin's solution. These fixatives also gave clear definition of intranuclear inc...
Study of Distributed Anonymous Routing Protocol for Self-Managed Confidential Network

Traffic analysis reveals valuable information about end users and their relationships.MIX networks and onion routing are examples of technologies that mask real traffic and establish anonymous path against traffic analysis.To establish these anonymous paths,all routers require a global view of the network topology by exchanging routing information.A distributed anonymous routing protocol(DARP) is developed.It does not require any node to gather and store information about the network topology.Simulation results indicate the average processing time increases linearly with the increase of the number of nodes.