cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A context-management framework for telemedicine: an emergency medicine case study

Patient care can be intense and stressful, especially in emergency care situations. Emergency care has two parts, field care by a paramedic and in-hospital care. Paramedics often consult with physicians before the patient reaches the hospital. To do this effectively, they must convey the patient's condition rapidly and effectively. Upon hospital arrival they must also transfer as much patient data as possible to ensure continuation of care. In this paper, we present a context-management framework for telemedicine that is designed to capture sensor data for transfer to a remote location. We further describe an application developed on top of the framework for emergency medicine. We examine design considerations for the application based on collaboration with medical personnel. Finally, we present technical results obtained from use of the technology in simulated emergency scenarios.
Results from real-time laser speckle-shift strain measurement system

A real-time two-color laser speckle-shift strain measurement system based on the technique of Yamaguchi was designed, built, and tested at room temperature. This noncontact 1-D system detects surface strain in a structural fiber as it is pulled in a tensile test machine. Inter- ference or speckle patterns from the laser-illuminated fiber test specimen are recorded. As the fiber is pulled, its speckle pattern shifts in proportion to the strain, translational, and rotational components of the sample de- formation. Shifting speckle patterns are detected using two linear CCD arrays with image processing performed in realtime by a hardware cor- relator. Surface strain is detected in fibers with diameters on the order of 100 mm and can be resolved to 20 mm/m. This system was designed to be robust and compact and generally does not require surface prepara- tion of the structural fibers. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engi- neers. (S0091-3286(00)03502-9)
Vibrational Labels used to Examine Changes in Disordered and Modular Protein Structures through Binding Events

In proteins with large conformational distributions, new techniques are needed to reveal the conformational distribution in arbitrarily complex systems. Vibrational spectroscopy of functional groups on protein side chains can reveal the distribution of environments around the minimally perturbative, often very small probe group. We use the CN stretching band of the artificial amino acid cyanylated cysteine to report on binding-induced shifts in the local conformational distribution of two proteins: calmodulin, which displays extreme modularity in its quaternary interactions with binding partners, and alpha-synuclein, whose membrane-bound conformational distribution varies depending on the lipid system. In each case, new microscopic details related to the interplay between a dynamic protein and its binding target are revealed that could not be seen by other techniques.
Divisors on general curves and cuspidal rational curves

In t roduc t ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 0. Pre l iminar ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 1. A Pl i icker formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 2. D imens iona l t ransversa l i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 3. D i m e n s i o n of families of r a t iona l curves with fixed degree and ass igned cusps in a project ive space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 4. L inear series on curves with universa l s ingular i t ies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 5. L inear series and project ive embedd ings of general curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 6. Embedd ings of general cuspidal curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 7. Degenera t ion of Schuber t in tersect ions; some special cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 8. Degene ra t ion of Schuber t in tersect ions; ma in results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 9. G](C) is reduced for general cuspidal r a t iona l C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Amenities and regional differences in returns to worker characteristics

Average wages in regions in the United States vary considerably. In trying to explain these differences in the average wage across regions a number of studies have found that differences in the returns to characteristics of workers, such as years of schooling, are as important as differences in the skill composition of the labor force [4, 6, 10, 141. These differences in returns are generally interpreted as reflecting regional differences in demand for worker characteristics coupled with barriers to factor mobility. This interpretation is based on the argument that “the presence of at least one perfectly mobile factor, with perfect information will cause spatial convergence in characteristic prices, as that particular factor exploits any spatial price differential” [4, p. 2161. This paper suggests an alternative to this demand-based explanation for regional differences in the structure of wages, one based on regional differences in the supply of worker characteristics.’ This explanation does not rely on impediments to the movement of workers or firms and is consistent with an equilibrium view of wages in which regional wage differentials are viewed as compensation for local amenities. The theoretical model, presented in the following section, assumes capital and labor are perfectly mobile, with perfect information implying that in equilibrium the utility of workers with similar characteristics is the same in all locations. This convergence of utility, however, does not necessarily imply convergence of characteristic prices. Equilibrium differences in the returns to a specific worker characteristic can exist if worker characteristics affect an individual’s valuation of an area’s amenities relative to the individual’s demand for land.
Goodness of Fit Tests for the Gamma and Exponential Distributions

Goodness of fit tests based on generalized minimum x 2 techniques are developed for the gamma and exponential distributions. The power of these tests has been found for several alternative families of distributions by utilizing the asymptotic non-null distribution of the test statistic. The tests behave very well for the types of alternatives considered here. Applications to some failure data of Proschan (1963) are included for illustrative purposes.
Natural fertility and family limitation in Roman marriage.

Family limitation is a form of birth control in which married couples stop procreating after they reach what they perceive to be a sufficient number of children. Family limitation is therefore a parity-related form of fertility control. In developed nations of the modern world family limitation is most commonly achieved through contraception and to a lesser extent abortion and it is often accompanied by deliberate birth spacing and other efforts at planned parenthood. Some scholars posit that ordinary couples in the ancient Roman world anticipated such modern behavior. All reliable comparative evidence however indicates that no general population practiced family limitation before the modern fertility transition. Ancient Rome was no exception. He discusses the fertility transition from natural fertility to family limitation marital fertility in Roman Egypt and John Riddles hypothesis that chemical birth control agents were readily available in the ancient world and that family limitation was practiced by the lower classes.
Importance of orthotic subtalar alignment for development and gait of children with cerebral palsy

Purpose:This case report addresses the assumption that ankle and foot orthoses assist children with cerebral palsy.Key Points:Outcome research reports are not consistent. Clinical observations and research studies suggest that inappropriate fit and design of orthoses may contribute to poor outcomes.
Locating Bridges: Connecting Research Agendas on Cognition and Strategic Choice

To understand political behavior we must appreciate both the cognitive and affective processes that influence actors' preferences and their perceptions of the world around them. Strategic choice analysts, who focus on the situational incentives associated with interdependent outcomes, contend that we may often adequately account for actors' behavior without examining cognitive or affective processes in any detail. The result is two research programs, both of which capture key pieces of politics but speak almost entirely past each other. This paper identifies three kinds of bridges between the cognitive and strategic choice research programs. Identifying these bridges serves two purposes. They will give each research agenda a stronger positive heuristic on its own terms, one that will help both sets of scholars to explain the distinctive questions that interest them. By suggesting how these connections can be identified, we also contribute to a set of shared reference points that could facilitate conversations across different scholarly communities.
Current Methods for Recurrent Events Data with Dependent Termination: A Bayesian Perspective.

There has been a recent surge of interest in modeling and methods for analyzing recurrent events data with risk of termination dependent on the history of the recurrent events. To aid future users in understanding the implications of modeling assumptions and modeling properties, we review the state-of-the-art statistical methods and present novel theoretical properties, identifiability results, and practical consequences of key modeling assumptions of several fully specified stochastic models. After introducing stochastic models with 2 noninformative termination process, we focus on a class of models that allows both negative and positive association between the risk of termination and the rate of recurrent events through a frailty variable. We also discuss the relationship, as well as the major differences between these models in terms of their motivations and physical interpretations. We discuss associated Bayesian methods based on Markov chain Monte Carlo tools, and novel model diagnostic tools to perf...
Tuning of a fuzzy rule set for controlling convergence of a CFD solver in turbulent flow

Abstract Under-relaxation in an iterative CFD solver is guided by fuzzy logic to achieve automatic convergence with minimum CPU time. The fuzzy rule set uses information from a Fourier transform of a set of characteristic values. The control algorithm adjusts the relaxation factors for the system variables on each iteration and restarts the solver if divergence occurs. Two turbulent problems based on a k – e model are solved. They include buoyancy driven flow in a rectangular cavity and mixed convection over a backward facing step. The incompressible Newtonian conservation equations are solved by the SIMPLER algorithm with simple substitution. In order to achieve the best performance of the fuzzy controller, the membership functions were tuned by using a gradient method. The fuzzy control algorithm with the optimal membership functions significantly reduced the CPU time needed for solving the problem, compared to the highest set of constant relaxation factors which do not cause divergence. For turbulent flow over a backward facing step, the CPU time was more than five times shorter with the fuzzy controller than with the constant relaxation factors. For turbulent buoyancy driven flow in a rectangular cavity, the CPU time required for convergence with a fuzzy controller was reduced by a factor of two, compared to the constant relaxation factors.
Optimal geographic scales for local spatial statistics

Local spatial statistics are used to test for spatial association in some variable of interest, and to test for clustering around predefined locations. Such statistics require that a neighbourhood be defined around the location of interest. This is done by specifying weights for surrounding regions, and this is tantamount to specification of the scale at which the local dependence or clustering is tested. In practice, weights are usually assigned exogenously, with little thought given to their definition. Most common is the definition of binary adjacency - weights are set equal to one if the region is adjacent to the focal region and to zero otherwise. But this implies a spatial scale that may or may not be the best one to evaluate the variable under study - the actual scale of dependence or clustering is one that is smaller or larger. An alternative strategy is to try different sets of weights corresponding to different spatial scales. The purpose of this article is to provide statistical tests that allow for examination of several local statistics across multiple spatial scales, and yet avoid the need for simulation. Application of these tests leads to a choice of spatial scale through the weights, as well as an assessment of statistical significance. The approach is illustrated using data on leukemia from central New York State.
Population and Economic Data in Transit Analysis

An investigation is made on the nature of impacts of public investment in a Light Rail Rapid Transit System in Buffalo, New York. In particular, the impact of the public investment is measured against population and employment declines that have occurred in the region in the last ten years. By assuming that the investment in rail is justified by more than the usual travel measures, associated redevelopment trends in the CBD, the focus of the transit development, are noted. While regional employment declines, service-oriented employment increases. This increase coupled with an increase in the number of women in the labor force, and increases in household income make private investment in the CBD more attractive. New construction, related to these trends (offices, hotels, retail space) has begun, reinforcing the transit decision.
Should public plans engage in social investing

* Alicia H. Munnell is the Director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College (CRR) and the Peter F. Drucker Professor of Management Sciences at Boston College’s Carroll School of Management. Jerilyn Libby served as the major research assistant on this project; Dan Muldoon also provided able assistance. John Langbein and Alan Marcus provided valuable comments.
Thoughts on the Corporation as a Person for Purposes of Corporate Criminal Liability

This brief piece explores basic connections between Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and corporate criminal liability. An opinion of the Tennessee Attorney General released after Citizens United acts as a further discussion catalyst for, and illustration of, the arguments advanced in this Article. Ultimately, the Article urges a way of looking at corporate criminal liability that is not 'wooden' - an approach that shows some sensitivity to issues of policy and theory (including those related to agency law and punishment).
Simulation based comparison of semiconductor AMHS alternatives: continuous flow vs. overhead monorail

Automation is an essential component in today's semiconductor manufacturing. As factories migrate to 300 mm technology, automated handling becomes increasingly important for variety of ergonomic, safety, and yield considerations. Traditional semiconductor AMHS systems, such as the Overhead Monorail Vehicles (OMV) or Overhead Hoist, can be overly expensive. Cost projections for a 300 mm inter/intrabay AMHS installation are in the range of $50 M-$100 M. As an alternative, a lower cost alternative AMHS, called Continuous Flow Transport has been proposed. The CFT system is similar to what has historically been identified as a conveyor based movement system. The CFT system provides cost savings at reduced flexibility and longer delivery time. This study compares the CFT to Overhead Monorail transport, determining a cumulative delivery time distribution. As expected, the CFT system requires a longer average delivery time interval than OMV, but may provide total savings through reduced transport variability.
Relations of learner-centered teaching practices to adolescents’ achievement goals

Abstract The present study used an achievement goal framework to examine the utility of learner centered teaching practices for improving the academic engagement and achievement of adolescents (using a national sample of n = 4615 students). Analyses revealed significant relations among measures of achievement goals, self-efficacy, and strategy use. Hierarchical modeling procedures indicated that students’ individual perceptions of teaching practices explained considerable variation in achievement goals at the student level. Adolescents reported stronger mastery and performance goals when they perceived their teachers as using learner-centered teaching practices that involved promoting positive relations, encouraging higher order thinking, and adapting instruction to individual needs.
GEOLOGIC CYCLES OF EARTH, MOON, AND MARS: ABSTRACT

The geologic cycle of a planet depicts the interaction of impact, surface, and internal tectonic processes on the planetary surface. The earth has a "closed-loop" geologic cycle in which source rocks are eroded but are continuously recycled. In contrast, the moon apparently has an "open-loop" geologic cycle in which the primitive crust is irreversibly destroyed. On the earth, impact plays a minor role and surface and tectonic processes are approximately equally active; that is, if averaged over the globe throughout geologic history, the rate of uplift equals the rate of erosion. On the moon, impact processes are dominant and there are only minor surface and tectonic effects. Preliminary interpretations of the rock cycle and the "ice cycle" of Mars are presented as sources of questions for future analysis. Apparently, the geologic cycle of Mars involves surface and tectonic phenomena as well as impact phenomena. Surface processes active on Mars include eolian erosion and deposition. The "channels" in the equatorial regions are evidence of intermittent stream erosion. The tectonic processes of Mars have been investigated by mapping regional stress patterns from analysis of observed lineament (fracture) systems. End_of_Article - Last_Page 963------------
A TRANSCULTURAL VIEW OF SIBLING RANK AND MENTAL DISORDER

Assuming that a transcultural view of sibling rank and mental disorder might clarify discrepant East-West observations and point the way towards universal hypotheses, the author, on the basis of work in Malaysia, discusses the range of psychological, social psychological, and physiological theories. He presents his own biphasic hypothesis, which proposes elevated vulnerability to mental disorder for oldest and youngest siblings. It reconciles universal family psychodynamics with cultural variables, opens a valuable new epidemiological approach to the problem, and refutes the view that sibling rank differences are merely birth rate artifacts. He also suggests areas of further research that might bridge the psychological-physiological gap, and points out the social and educational implications of sibling rank differnces.
Polarization anisotropy of transient carrier dynamics in single Si nanowires

We present the first ultrafast time-resolved, polarization-dependent experiments on both single- and ensemble-silicon nanowires using non-degenerate spectroscopy. Anisotropy was observed for polarizations perpendicular and parallel to the nanowire.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures

Diastolic dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Although it is still controversial whether or not patients with preserved ejection fraction have depressed left ventricular (LV) systolic function, LV filling pressures determine exercise tolerance independent of the severity of systolic dysfunction. Therefore, estimation of LV filling pressures is important not only for diagnosis, but also for management of patients with heart failure. The efficacy and limitations of different diagnostic approaches, including Doppler imaging, are discussed.
An Experimental Investigation of Personal Selling Job Attributes and their Effects on Job Desirability, Prestige and Dimensions of Sales Success

Firms of all types rely on recent college graduates to fill entry level sales positions. Consequently, research on the recruitment process is of great interest to both academics and managers (c.f., Wotruba, Simpson, and ReedDraznik 1989; Weilbaker and Merritt 1992). Previous research on student attitudes towards sales careers has chronicled their generally negative perceptions of sales careers and noted its negative effects on recruitment (Staunton 1958; Mason 1966; Dubinsky 1978; Weeks and Muehling 1987).
Teaching Asian American History and Foodways

As early as the 1849 Gold Rush, people of all ethnicities flocked to eat at Chinese restaurants in San Francisco. Since then, Asian immigrants have taken their food with them across the country, sustained both by home cooking and the income earned by serving tasty dishes to the public. Particularly during the period of exclusion before World War II, ethnic eateries provided not only nourishment but also camaraderie and a place for social gatherings, whether a wedding banquet or a group of second-generation youth chowing down after a basketball game. Asian supermarkets, bakeries, produce stands, confectionary shops and restaurants - ranging from fast-food chains like Panda Express to the haute cuisine of Crustacean - continue to do booming business in California, reflecting a long, varied past and the growth of new communities.
Incarcerated fracture fragments of Longevity polyethylene liners after total hip arthroplasty

Highly cross-linked polyethylene liners are widely used in total hip arthroplasty because they experience lower wear rates than conventional polyethylene liners. However, the cross-linking process does decrease the resistance of polyethylene to fatigue failure and fracture. This report describes 2 cases of highly cross-linked polyethylene liner fracture occurring in association with hip dislocation and unsuccessful closed reduction consequent to blockage by an incarcerated liner fragment. These cases highlight the known polyethylene fracture risk factors of thin and unsupported polyethylene and large bearing sizes. They also reinforce the importance of a careful evaluation of postreduction radiographs for the presence of a concentric reduction and provide a possible explanation for postoperative hip instability, multiple dislocations, and incomplete seating of the femoral head on attempts at closed reduction.
BREEDING SYSTEMS OF TREE SPECIES OF A LOWLAND TROPICAL COMMUNITY.

Little information is available on the breeding systems of tropical forest trees. Yet a knowledge of reproductive methods is essential for an understanding of the patterns of gene flow and genetic differentiation within and between populations. Such information, in turn, is fundamental to an understanding of speciation and the genetic relationships between species. This paper reports the results of a study on the breeding systems of tree species of a lowland tropical community. The main objective was to determine the relative proportions of self-compatible and selfincompatible species in the community. Controlled pollinations were performed to test for self-compatibility. Supplementary data in the form of observations on floral biology were collected to determine the frequency of dioecious, monoecious, and dichogamous species.
Control of enzyme-solid interactions via chemical modification.

Electrostatic forces could contribute significantly toward enzyme–solid interactions, and controlling these charge–charge interactions while maintaining high affinity, benign adsorption of enzymes on solids is a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that chemical modification of the surface carboxyl groups of enzymes can be used to adjust the net charge of the enzyme and control binding affinities to solid surfaces. Negatively charged nanosolid, α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O (abbreviated as α-ZrP) and two negatively charged proteins, glucose oxidase (GO) and methemoglobin (Hb), have been chosen as model systems. A limited number of the aspartate and glutamate side chains of these proteins are covalently modified with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) to convert these negatively charged proteins into the corresponding positively charged ones (cationized). Cationized proteins retained their structure and activities to a significant extent, and the influence of cationization on binding affinities has been tested. Cationized GO, for...
Magnetic Anisotropy of $\tau $ -MnAl Thin Films

Manganese compounds such as MnAl, MnBi, MnGa have received much attention for their high magnetic anisotropy constants, and also for rare-earth free permanent magnet applications. Despite the fact that voluminous work has been conducted regarding the magnetic anisotropy, the origin of this high magnetic anisotropy energy is not well understood. In the case of MnAl, both Mn and Al elements are known to possess low spin-orbit coupling constants, but the τ-phase MnAl is well known to exhibit high magnetic anisotropy constant K in the order of 1×107 erg/cm3 at room temperature [1]. A systematic study of temperature dependence of both the saturation magnetization M S and magnetic anisotropy constant K in τ-MnAl thin films has been carried out in order to elucidate the magnetic anisotropy mechanism.
A Machine Learning Approach to Identify Functional Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Using fNIRS in the prefrontal cortex, multivariate machine learning approach has been used to analyze hemodynamic responses from a group of 31 healthy and 30 TBI subjects performing complexity task, High accurate classification has been obtained.
Luteolysis induced by prostaglandin F2α in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis

Abstract The effect of exogenous prostaglandin F 2α (PGF) on luteal function and morphology was examined in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis . Reproductively active females were injected with 1.0 μg PGF, 0.1 μg PGF, or 0.05 ml saline. Animals were killed 2, 6, or 24 hr after injection. Prostaglandin treatment induced luteolysis as evidenced by significant decreases in plasma progesterone concentration in animals sacrificed 6 and 24 hr after treatment. Both doses of PGF were effective. However, 0.1 μg PGF induced luteolysis in less than 50% of the treatment group. Luteal degradation became apparent at the cellular level 24 hr after PGF treatment whereas no significant changes were observed in corpora lutea of the 2- or 6-hr postinjection specimens. These data suggest that PGF is a luteolytic agent in reptiles.
Monitoring RhoGTPase Activity in Lymphocytes

L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) that is essential for the tethering and subsequent rolling of naive lymphocytes along the luminal wall of postcapillary venules entering lymph nodes. As with many CAMs, L-selectin has the capacity to transduce intracellular signals in response to ligand binding. This implicates CAMs involved in tethering and rolling as contributors to intracellular signals that lead to the transition from rolling to arrest. In addition, studies in L: -selectin-null mice have also revealed a role for L: -selectin in chemokine-directed cell migration of leucocytes in tissues. The Ras homology (Rho) family of small GTPases are intracellular proteins that respond to signals received from the surrounding environment. The RhoGTPases typically activate downstream targets involved in the remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton, which is essential for continued progression through the multi-step adhesion cascade. This chapter will focus on how to prepare, perform and monitor RhoGTPase activation assays in response to L: -selectin stimulation. Although this section focuses on L: -selectin stimulation, the methods outlined here can be applied to analysing RhoGTPase activity in response to stimulating other receptors involved in tethering/rolling such as CD44, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and E-selectin ligand-1.
A Current-Reused Back-Gate Coupling QVCO Using Transformer Feedback Structure

A current-reused back-gate coupling quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) using transformer feedback for $K$ - band frequency applications is presented. The coupling scheme used to couple the two VCOs is a back-gate technique which removes the need for any extra coupling components that would degrade the phase noise performance and increase the power consumption. Utilizing current-reuse topology, which is inherently immune to the phase noise degradation, eliminates the second harmonic term at the common-source node of the conventional QVCOs. Moreover, the transformer feedback structure allows the QVCO to operate at low supply voltage. The tuning range of the proposed QVCO is 23.65–24.85 GHz, making the device applicable for $K$ - band frequency wireless transceivers. The QVCO achieves a phase noise of −119.4 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with a center frequency of 24 GHz as well as consumes 3.86 mW from a 0.8 V supply voltage. The QVCO is implemented in a standard 0.13 $\mu\text{m}$ CMOS process with core area of 0.29 mm2.
International Trade and Economic Integration as a Means of Over-Coming the Disadvantages of a Small Nation

I propose in this paper to attempt a theoretical discussion, first of some of the factors that inhibit efficiency and growth in too small an economy, and second of the influence international trade and economic integration are likely to exert on these factors. Strictly speaking, the task I have been asked to undertake comprises only the second of these two. But to discuss the influence of trade and integration on the inhibiting factors, these latter must first be analysed; also, the discussion of these factors and their influencing must be closely co-ordinated; and at the time of writing I have no way of knowing the coverage and approach of the other papers. I can only hope, therefore, that this paper will not repeat too much of what has already been said and discussed at an earlier stage, and that whatever repetition it contains may not be too boring.
Background Scope of the Problem

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a commonly found disease affecting approximately 7–9 % of the population over the age of 65 years with higher prevalence in those that are smokers [1]. It is a lethal disease with those presenting with ruptured AAAs having an overall mortality of over 90 %. Annually, ruptured AAA accounts for approximately 15,000 deaths in the United States, and it is the 15th leading cause of death. Unfortunately, the first clinical presentation of an AAA is when it ruptured [2]. The classic triad of abdominal pain, pulsatile abdominal mass, and hypotension is presented in only 25–50 % of patients, and many patients with ruptured AAA are misdiagnosed [3, 4]. In recent years, endovascular therapy has advanced and is now the first-line treatment of ruptured AAA. Endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured AAA has led to reduce mortality with centers of excellence reporting 30-day mortality as low as 25 % with an endovascular first approach and formalized treatment protocols [5, 6]. As such, the rapid recognition and diagnose of a ruptured AAA is critical so that the patient can be appropriately triaged and offered definitive lifesaving therapy.
Decision analysis of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for women with sporadic, unilateral, early-stage breast cancer.

e12572 Title: Decision analysis of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy for women with sporadic, unilateral, early-stage breast cancer Background: An increasing number of women with sporadic, unil...
Opioids Cause Central and Complex Sleep Apnea in Humans and Reversal With Discontinuation: A Plea for Detoxification.

Central sleep apnea (CSA) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) emergent CSA are common in patients for whom opioids have been prescribed for chronic pain management. It is not known if op...
Predicting file system actions from prior events

We have adapted a multi-order context modeling technique used in the data compression method Prediction by Partial Match (PPM) to track sequences of file access events. From this model, we are able to determine file system accesses that have a high probability of occurring as the next event. By prefetching the data for these events, we have transformed an LRU cache into a predictive cache that in our simulations averages 15% more cache hits than LRU. In fact, on average our four-megabyte predictive cache has a higher cache hit rate than a 90 megabyte LRU cache.
Demographic response of Piping Plovers suggests that engineered habitat restoration is no match for natural riverine processes

ABSTRACT Globally, riparian ecosystems are in decline due to anthropogenic modifications, including damming. Reduced frequency and altered timing of flood events decreases sandbar deposition, which reduces habitat for sandbar-breeding birds, including the threatened Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus). In response to limited breeding habitat and small populations, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed 255 ha of sandbar habitat on the Missouri River, USA, from 2004 to 2009. During the breeding seasons of 2010 and 2011, historically high flows resulted in the creation of 1,046 ha of suitable sandbar habitat on the Missouri River. We compared the demographic responses of Piping Plovers to this anthropogenic and natural habitat creation. We found that demographic parameters, including nest success (xpreflood = 0.45 ± 0.02 SE vs. xpostflood = 0.74 ± 0.02 SE), prefledging chick survival (xpreflood = 0.39 ± 0.09 SE vs. xpostflood = 0.65 ± 0.03 SE), and hatch-year survival (xpreflood = 0.16 ± 0.03 SE v...
Characterizing the Equilibrium

Assuming that an equilibrium exists, this chapter characterizes the economic equilibrium. The key result in this chapter is a characterization of the equilibrium supermartingale deflator as a function of the economy’s primitives: beliefs, preferences, and endowments. Indeed, using a representative trader economy equilibrium that reflects the equilibrium in the original economy, an equilibrium supermartingale deflator is characterized as a function of the representative trader’s (aggregate) utility function and aggregate market wealth. Finally, this chapter derives the intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) and the consumption capital asset pricing model (CCAPM) as special cases of this characterization.
Development of General Finite Differences for complex geometries using a sharp interface formulation

Abstract We apply sharp interface boundary conditions to collocated meshfree approximations. Using the sharp interface formulation with the General Finite Difference (GFD) shape functions, we solve several test cases on meshfree grids with uniform and variable resolutions. Numerical results for the 2D Poisson equation indicate that the sharp interface formulation performs as well as the traditional collocated boundary approach with respect to both the convergence rate and accuracy. The analytic lid driven cavity results indicate that our discretization of a semi-implicit approximate projection scheme is indeed consistent and spatially converges at a second order rate under diffusive time stepping and at a first order rate under convective time stepping due to the first order in time splitting error. To resolve sharp gradients, variable resolution meshfree grids are considered for the classic lid driven cavity problem and for the uniform flow over a cylinder problem. Comparison to appropriate data sets indicate that our approach accurately estimates the various flow parameters using small cloud sizes of 13 neighbors while using high clustering ratios.
Trends in Food Insecurity in the USA for Individuals with Prediabetes, Undiagnosed Diabetes, and Diagnosed Diabetes

Approximately 12% of the adult population have diabetes, with nearly 1 in 4 being undiagnosed [1]. Additionally, 84.1 million US adults have prediabetes [1]. A healthy diet is important for disease management, both to promote weight loss and to prevent progression or complications [1]. However, social factors influencing diet, such as food security, can impact an individual’s ability to manage or delay disease [2]. Food insecurity indicates either a lack of availability or a lack of ability to acquire healthy food [3]. While food insecurity in the overall population has decreased since 2011, in those diagnosed with cardiometabolic diseases, it has continued to climb [2]. In addition, little research on food insecurity has been conducted in populations with undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetes. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate trends in food insecurity for those with diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes using nationally representative data from 2005 to 2014.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among US Adolescents, 2010-2016:

Objective:Although research suggests racial/ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination and mortality rates, few studies have examined racial/ethnic trends among US adolescents. We used national cr...
Internal Bracing in Multiple-Ligament Knee Reconstruction

The multiple-ligament injured knee is a complex environment of three-dimensional instability. In many cases, conventional techniques suffice for restoring function and decreasing pain in this patient population. However, in cases of extreme instability, high energy trauma, high demand patients, or revision, conventional reconstruction techniques may be insufficient. An emerging technique, commonly referred to as “internal bracing” or “suture tape augmentation,” has great potential to improve stability and restore function in these cases. In this chapter, we will explore the historical roots of this technique. We will then discuss the biomechanical theory and available clinical data. Finally, we will present two case examples and describe the senior author’s preferred surgical technique.
SIMPLE Is a Good Idea (and Better with Context Learning)

Selective and iterative method for performance level estimation (SIMPLE) is a multi-atlas segmentation technique that integrates atlas selection and label fusion that has proven effective for radiotherapy planning. Herein, we revisit atlas selection and fusion techniques in the context of segmenting the spleen in metastatic liver cancer patients with possible splenomegaly using clinically acquired computed tomography (CT). We re-derive the SIMPLE algorithm in the context of the statistical literature, and show that the atlas selection criteria rest on newly presented principled likelihood models. We show that SIMPLE performance can be improved by accounting for exogenous information through Bayesian priors (so called context learning). These innovations are integrated with the joint label fusion approach to reduce the impact of correlated errors among selected atlases. In a study of 65 subjects, the spleen was segmented with median Dice similarity coefficient of 0.93 and a mean surface distance error of 2.2 mm.
Coherent Anti-Stokes–Stokes Raman Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy: Asymmetric Frequency Shifts in Hydrogen-Bonded Pyridine-Water Complexes:

Hydrogen bonding is a vital molecular interaction for bio-molecular systems, yet deep understanding of its ways of creating various complexes requires extensive empirical testing. A hybrid femtosec...
Monolithic and Staggered Strategies Using Solid-Shell Formulations for Nonlinear Coupled Thermoelasticity

AbstractIn this work, monolithic and staggered schemes using a locking-free solid-shell element are proposed to analyze the behavior of thin-walled structural components subjected to combined therm...
Scar Revision in the Office Setting

Scar revision is based on the body’s regenerative capacity. This chapter presents both surgical and non-surgical modalities for the management of facial scars in the outpatient, office setting.
Geochemical characterization of the Upper Mississippian Goddard Formation, Noble Ranch Group, and related oils in the Anadarko Basin of Oklahoma

The Woodford Shale is anecdotally assumed to be the major source of oil for plays in the Anadarko Basin, including the stacked oil and condensate play in the southcentral Oklahoma oil province (SCOOP). However, there is little published geochemical work to confirm this assumption. This study set out to identify a characteristic geochemical fingerprint for the Goddard Formation, another potential source rock in the SCOOP, to determine if the Goddard is contributing to oil accumulations within the SCOOP. The Upper Mississippian Goddard Formation has been a target for unconventional production in SCOOP since 2012. Published geochemical interpretations for the Goddard Formation are still limited, and this study represents the first detailed oil–source rock correlation for the Goddard in the SCOOP area. The most characteristic geochemical signature of the Goddard extracts is a predominance of tricyclic terpanes relative to the hopanes in the mass-to-charge ratio 191 chromatogram, possibly related to enrichment via thermal stress or a unique source signature. Additional distinctive signatures were also identified for the triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenoids, and steranes. The biomarker fingerprints of SCOOP oils are nearly identical with those of the Goddard extracts in this study. Oils in the SCOOP, therefore, appear to originate from a Mississippian source, such as the Goddard rather than the Woodford. This observation demonstrates the value of oil–source rock correlation studies and suggests that there may be effective source rocks in the Anadarko Basin that have been overlooked in the past and should be re-evaluated in detail.
Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of structured molecules: II. Isomeric effects on the viscosity of models for n-hexane, cyclohexane and benzene

To investigate the inter-relationship of structure and viscosity, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of Lennard-Jones site-site models representing selected simple molecules were performed. The simulation conditions nearly span the liquid density range over which experimental data are currently avalaible. The relationship between fluid structuer and the applied shear field are discussed
Code‐switching in conversation‐for‐learning: Creating opportunities for learning while on study abroad

This article evaluates the use of audio‐recorded conversations and reflections for assisting study abroad participants in critically analyzing conversational interactions. The participants recorded a series of conversations with native speakers of Japanese using digital audio recorders, and, subsequently, analyzed the recordings in a journal and a final paper. After noticing the use of code‐switching by native speakers of Japanese, the participants concluded that the use of English code‐switching was disadvantageous to their learning process. This article explores code‐switching in conversations recorded on study abroad to examine if code‐switching creates opportunities for learning and, if so, what conclusions learners/researchers made based on their observations and analysis. The native speakers used code‐switching for various purposes: repairing a source of trouble, indexing their identities as speakers of another language, and marking opportunities for learning. The results exposed the participants’ misconceptions and demonstrated that code‐switching offered opportunities for learning.
Is Increased Sleep Responsible for Reductions in Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus has had devastating consequences across the globe. However, multiple clinics and hospitals have experienced a decrease in rates of acute myocardial infarction and corresponding cardiac catheterization lab activations, raising the question: Has the risk of myocardial infarction decreased during COVID? Sleep deprivation is known to be an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction, and sleep has been importantly impacted during the pandemic, possibly due to the changes in work-home life leading to a lack of structure. We conducted a social media-based survey to assess potential mechanisms underlying the observed improvement in risk of myocardial infarction. We used validated questionnaires to assess sleep patterns, tobacco consumption and other important health outcomes to test the hypothesis that increases in sleep duration may be occurring which have a beneficial impact on health. We found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to shifts in day/night rhythm, with subjects waking up 105 minutes later during the pandemic (p <0.0001). Subjects also reported going to sleep 41 minutes later during the pandemic (p <0.0001). These shifts led to longer duration of sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Before the pandemic, subjects reported sleeping 6.8 hours per night, which rose to 7.5 hours during the pandemic, a 44 minute or 11% increase (p <0.0001). We acknowledge the major negative health impact of the global pandemic but would advocate for using this crisis to improve the work and sleep habits of the general population, which may lead to overall health benefits for our society.
Find the Needle in the Haystack, Then Find It Again: Replication and Validation in the 'Omics Era.

Advancements in high-throughput technologies have made it feasible to study thousands of biological pathways simultaneously for a holistic assessment of health and disease risk via ‘omics platforms. A major challenge in ‘omics research revolves around the reproducibility of findings—a feat that hinges upon balancing false-positive associations with generalizability. Given the foundational role of reproducibility in scientific inference, replication and validation of ‘omics findings are cornerstones of this effort. In this narrative review, we define key terms relevant to replication and validation, present issues surrounding each concept with historical and contemporary examples from genomics (the most well-established and upstream ‘omics), discuss special issues and unique considerations for replication and validation in metabolomics (an emerging field and most downstream ‘omics for which best practices remain yet to be established), and make suggestions for future research leveraging multiple ‘omics datasets.
Is supplemental regional anesthesia associated with more complications and readmissions after ankle fracture surgery in the inpatient and outpatient setting

Abstract Background There is concern that regional anesthesia is associated with increased risk of complications, including return to the hospital for uncontrolled pain once the regional anesthetic wears off. Methods Retrospective database review of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a closed ankle fracture from 2014–16 who received general anesthesia alone (GA) or general anesthesia plus regional anesthesia (RA). Results 9459 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients in the RA group had significantly longer operative duration in both inpatient (GAI = 71 min vs RAI = 79 min, p = 0.002) and outpatient setting (GAO = 66 min vs RAI = 72 min, p Conclusions Patients who received supplemental regional anesthesia had shorter hospital LOS, increased operative time, and increased readmission rates for rebound pain. However, the small number of patients needing readmission are not clinically significant demonstrating that regional anesthesia is safe, effective and readmission for rebound pain should not be a concern. Level of Evidence III.