cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C in Schizophrenia: Screening Experience in a Community-Dwelling Clozapine Cohort

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs in up to 20% of patients with chronic mental illnesses. To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C in a diagnostically well-defined sample, the authors screened all schizophrenia outpatients in a clozapine clinic (N=98) for HCV antibodies. Eight patients were positive for hepatitis C antibodies (antibody-positive prevalence: 8.2%); of those, 50% had detectable viral loads (viremia-positive prevalence: 4.1%). Screening for HCV infection should be considered for outpatients with schizophrenia. However, clinical experience treating HCV in schizophrenia patients is limited; in this cohort, 2 years after screening, no patient had received interferon/ribavirin treatment.
A neuroadaptive control architecture for nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems with input actuator constraints

This paper presents a new model reference neuroadaptive control architecture for multivariable nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems with input actuator constraints. In particular, we consider both linear and nonlinear in the parameters neural network approximations to design neuroadaptive controllers for stabilization and command following in the presence of actuator dynamics that can effectively account for actuator amplitude and rate saturation constraints. An illustrative numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Delay analysis of feedback-synchronization signaling for multicast flow control

Feedback signaling plays a key role in flow control because the traffic source relies on the signaling information to make correct and timely flow-control decisions. Design of an efficient signaling algorithm is a challenging task since the signaling messages can tolerate neither error nor latency. Multicast flow-control signaling imposes two additional challenges: scalability and feedback synchronization. Previous research on multicast feedback-synchronization signaling has mainly focused on the algorithm design and implementation. However, the delay properties of these algorithms are, despite their vital importance, neither well understood nor thoroughly studied. In this paper, we develop both deterministic and statistical binary-tree models to study the delay performance of the multicast signaling algorithms. The deterministic model is used to derive the expressions of each path's feedback roundtrip time in a multicast tree, while the statistical model is employed to derive the general probability distributions of each path becoming the multicast-tree bottleneck. Using these models, we analyze and contrast the signaling delay scalability of two representative multicast signaling protocols--the Soft-Synchronization Protocol (SSP) and the Hop-By-Hop (HBH) scheme--by deriving the first and second moments of multicast signaling delays. Also derived is the optimal flow-control update interval for SSP to minimize the multicast signaling delay.
Ibuprofen elevates immunoreactive β-endorphin levels in humans during surgical stress

Release of beta-endorphin is modulated by physiologic stress and a variety of hormonal and pharmacologic factors. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits release of beta-endorphin and corticotropin from pituitary corticotroph cells, suggesting that suppression of prostaglandin levels should increase beta-endorphin release. This hypothesis was tested by administration of 600 mg ibuprofen before surgical stress in humans in comparison to placebo and methylprednisolone. Plasma samples were analyzed for immunoreactive beta-endorphin with concurrent measurement of pain and apprehension. Levels of immunoreactive beta-endorphin increased during surgery in the placebo group but were significantly greater in the group of patients pretreated with ibuprofen. Methylprednisolone suppressed intraoperative immunoreactive beta-endorphin, compared with both placebo and ibuprofen. Parallel in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug potentiation of endorphin release is mediated at the level of the pituitary corticotroph cell. These results show that ibuprofen enhances pituitary release of beta-endorphin by corticotroph cells in response to stress.
Rates of initiation in vinyl polymerization

The rates of initiation Ri of polymer chains in styrene and methyl methacrylate have been measured for four different catalysts. The results for styrene at 60°C are: Ri = 1.28 × 10−5[azo]; Ri = 2.96 × 10−6[Bz2O2]; Ri = 6.12 × 10−7[CHP]; Ri = 9.96 × 10−5[BHP]. Azo, Bz2O2, CHP, and BHP refer to 2-azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, respectively. Rates are expressed in moles per liter per second. The corresponding results for methyl methacrylate at 60° are: Ri = 1.42 × 10−5[azo]; Ri = 6.62 × 10−6[Bz2O2]; Ri = 3.92 × 10−7[CHP]; Ri = 7.30 × 10−8[BHP]. Catalyst efficiencies for azo and Bz2O2 are shown to be nearly unity in both monomers. Chain transfer constants were calculated for all catalysts in both monomers. Photopolymerization was shown to proceed via chains growing in one direction only. The polymerizations were all carried out in the pure monomers (bulk polymerization) with exclusion of oxygen and other inhibitors.
Multi-Agent Organisms for Persistent Computing

The defining characteristic of a multicellular organism is unity of purpose. In biology, the purpose is survival of the organism. The purpose of our multi-agent system is to provide a persistent computing environment in harsh conditions where repairs are difficult, or impossible. The multi-agent organism is a single entity built from logically dependent cells, where each cell is a discrete, independent hardware-processing unit. Similar to biology, each cell contains a full description of the system encoded as genes in a software genome. Cells choose which gene to express depending on internal state, the genome, and the state of neighboring cells. Gene expression involves executing a program fragment, which, when combined with all other genes in the genome, defines the full system. The multi-agent architecture provides a computing environment that adapts to unexpected changes in the hardware by reconfiguring to the new hardware without losing functionality, although performance may be affected.
Energy Expenditure in Humans and Other Primates: A New Synthesis*

This review examines the proximate, ecological, and evolutionary determinants of energy expenditure in humans and primates, with an emphasis on empirical measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE). Body size is the main proximate determinant of TEE, both within and between species; physical activity, genetic variation, and endocrine regulation explain substantially less of the variation in TEE. Basal metabolism is the single largest component of TEE, far exceeding the cost of physical activity, digestion, growth and reproduction, and thermoregulation in most instances. Notably, differences in physical activity do not generally result in corresponding differences in TEE, undermining the utility of activity-based factorial estimates of TEE. Instead, empirical measurements of energy expenditure in humans and other primates suggest that the body adapts dynamically to long-term changes in physical activity, maintaining TEE within an evolved, and relatively narrow, physiological range.
Can ANOVA measure causal strength

The statistical technique of analysis of variance is often used by biologists as a measure of the relative strength or importance of causal factors. I argue that it is a tool ill-suited to this purpose, on several grounds. I suggest a superior alternative and outline its implications. I finish with a diagnosis of the source of error—an unwitting inheritance of bad philosophy that now requires the remedy of better philosophy.
Potential effects of arboreal and terrestrial avian dispersers on seed dormancy, seed germination and seedling establishment in Ormosia (Papilionoideae) species in Peru

The relative effectiveness of arboreal or terrestrial birds at dispersing seeds of Ormosia macrocalyx and O. bopiensis (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) were studied in south-eastern Peru. Seeds of both species were either scarified, to represent seed condition after dispersal by terrestrial birds, or left intact, to represent seed condition after dispersal by arboreal birds. Seeds were distributed along forest transects, and germination, seedling development and mortality were monitored to determine the successes of the two groups at producing seedlings. Scarified seeds germinated with the early rains of the dry-to-wet-season transition, when erratic rainfall was interspersed with long dry spells. Intact seeds germinated 30 d later when the rain was more plentiful and regular. Intact seeds of O. macrocalyx gave rise to significantly more seedlings (41.1% vs. 25.5%) than did scarified seeds, in part, because significantly more seedlings from scarified seeds (n = 20) than from intact seeds (n = 3) died from desiccation when their radicles failed to enter the dry ground present during the dry-to-wet-season transition. Also, seedlings from scarified seeds were neither larger nor more robust than those from intact seeds despite their longer growing period. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that dispersal effectiveness of arboreal birds, at least for O. macrocalyx, is greater than that of terrestrial birds. Screen-house experiments in which seedlings developed under different watering regimes supported this result. Numbers of seedlings developing from intact and scarified seeds of 0. bopiensis did not differ significantly.
A senior-level engineering course that meets general education requirements

The use of a senior-level engineering course to meet general education requirements for an upper-division writing course is discussed. An engineering course was developed following guidelines for an upper-division in-major course that requires (a) frequent writing tasks with feedback on the content and quality of the writing, (b) a process-oriented approach to writing instruction, (c) study of models of writing by professionals in the discipline, and (d) significant engineering content. While the first three requirements could be met by any writing course, the last requirement meant that a required engineering course with both technical content and significant nontechnical content had to be developed. The solution was to coordinate the writing course with the senior project sequence that is immediately following. Technical subject matter used for assignments was chosen for its applicability to the senior project courses that follow using input from the instructor for those courses. In addition, written and oral projects were chosen to introduce formats useful within the design cycle of a project. Results are presented regarding enhancements of an existing course.
The Signal Recognition Particle

The signal recognition particle (SRP) and its membrane-associated receptor (SR) catalyze targeting of nascent secretory and membrane proteins to the protein translocation apparatus of the cell. Components of the SRP pathway and salient features of the molecular mechanism of SRP-dependent protein targeting are conserved in all three kingdoms of life. Recent advances in the structure determination of a number of key components in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic SRP pathway provide new insight into the molecular basis of SRP function, and they set the stage for future work toward an integrated picture that takes into account the dynamic and contextual properties of this remarkable cellular machine.
Descriptors of Auditory Magnitude and Methods of Rating Community Noise

A principal reason for measuring sound is to relate our acoustic environment to measures of human response. Characterization of the relevant relationships between physical exposure and the effects of noise on people has been fostered through the use of a wide variety of sound descriptors. Many of these descriptors were historically derived from sets of contours representing judgments of loudness, noisiness, or acceptability of sound. Many of these evolved merely as variations of one another. The apparent differences between the many assorted descriptors are simply due to differences in treatment of the many acoustic and non-acoustic parameters which are known or thought to influence human response to sound. The purpose of this tutorial paper is to review some of the more common sound descriptors used to portray our acoustic environment, as well as their derivations, formulation, applicability, and limitations.
Large scale analysis of web revisitation patterns

Our work examines Web revisitation patterns. Everybody revisits Web pages, but their reasons for doing so can differ depending on the particular Web page, their topic of interest, and their intent. To characterize how people revisit Web content, we analyzed five weeks of Web interaction logs of over 612,000 users. We supplemented these findings by a survey intended to identify the intent behind the observed revisitation. Our analysis reveals four primary revisitation patterns, each with unique behavioral, content, and structural characteristics. Through our analysis we illustrate how understanding revisitation patterns can enable Web sites to provide improved navigation, Web browsers to predict users' destinations, and search engines to better support fast, fresh, and effective finding and re-finding.
Phosphorylation of Ser211 in the Chicken Progesterone Receptor Modulates its Transcriptional Activity

The chicken progesterone receptor has been shown to be phosphorylated in vivo at four major sites. Previous studies have shown that mutation of one of the hormone-dependent phosphorylation sites, Ser530, to alanine decreases the transcriptional activity of the receptor under conditions where ligand is limited. Here, we present evidence for the functional significance of another phosphorylation site, Ser211. Mutation of Ser211 to alanine results in a decrease in the transcriptional activity of the receptor and affects the phosphorylation-dependent decrease in mobility of the receptor in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The degree of reduction in transcriptional activity is dependent on both the cell type and the reporters used in the studies but is independent of hormone concentration, suggesting that phosphorylation at Ser211 regulates the activity of the receptor through a mechanism distinct from Ser530 phosphorylation.
Design of a custom VEE core in a chip multiprocessor

Chip multiprocessors provide an opportunity for continuing performance growth in the face of limited single-thread parallelism. Although the best design path for such chips remains open, application-specific core designs have shown promise. This work considers the design of an application-specific core for a virtual execution environment. We use Pin, a widely-used dynamic binary instrumentation system, as a representative process-level VEE. Through a combination of microarchitectural simulation and hardware performance counters, we profile the VEE in terms of cache behavior, functional unit usage, and branch predictor behavior, and compare its performance to the performance of benchmark applications. We then show that running the VEE on our specialized core uses up to 15% less power per cycle and up to 5% less energy overall than running the same VEE on a general-purpose core.
BAROQUE: a browser for relational databases

The standard, most efficient method to retrieve information from databases can be described as systematic retrieval: The needs of the user are described in a formal query, and the database management system retrieves the data promptly. There are several situations, however, in which systematic retrieval is difficult or even impossible. In such situations exploratory search (browsing) is a helpful alternative. This paper describes a new user interface, called BAROQUE, that implements exploratory searches in relational databases. BAROQUE requires few formal skills from its users. It does not assume knowledge of the principles of the relational data model or familiarity with the organization of the particular database being accessed. It is especially helpful when retrieval targets are vague or cannot be specified satisfactorily. BAROQUE establishes a view of the relational database that resembles a semantic network, and provides several intuitive functions for scanning it. The network integrates both schema and data, and supports access by value. BAROQUE can be implemented on top of any basic relational database management system but can be modified to take advantage of additional capabilities and enhancements often present in relational systems.
Thyroid function in anhidrotic horses.

Background: This study was performed to determine whether anhidrotic horses have altered thyroid function compared with horses that sweat normally. Hypothesis: Anhidrotic horses have normal thyroid function. Animals: Ten client-owned horses with clinical signs of anhidrosis were paired with 10 horses living in the same environment that had normal sweat production. Methods: Horses were diagnosed as having normal sweat production or being anhidrotic based on responses to intradermal injections of terbutaline and physiologic responses to lunging exercise. Control horses were selected from the same environment and matched as closely as possible to anhidrotic horses in terms of age, sex, breed, and athletic condition. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests were performed in both horses at the same time, once in the summer or fall, and once again in winter. Results: Anhidrotic horses produced less sweat in response to intradermal injections of terbutaline and exercise than did control horses. They also had greater increases in body temperature and respiratory rate in response to exercise. Resting concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were not different between anhidrotic and control horses. Thyroid hormone responses to TRH also were not different between the 2 groups of horses. However, anhidrotic horses had a significantly different TSH response to TRH compared with control horses, particularly in the winter. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The biologic relevance of the altered TSH response to TRH in anhidrotic horses is uncertain, considering that TSH concentrations remained within previously reported normal ranges and thyroid hormone responses were not different between anhidrotic and control horses.
The Metabolic Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Clinical Relevance, and Use of Niacin

OBJECTIVETo review the pathophysiology and clinical relevance for using niacin to treat the metabolic syndrome.DATA SOURCESPrimary articles were identified through a MEDLINE search (1966–January 2003), and recommendations for treatment were obtained from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP) III guidelines.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONPublished studies showing the effects of the metabolic syndrome, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and niacin were evaluated and reviewed.DATA SYNTHESISThe metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition that affects 24% of American adults and significantly increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Most patients with metabolic syndrome have atherogenic dyslipidemia characterized by elevated triglycerides, low high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and small, dense low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) particles. The NCEP-ATP III identifies patients with the metabolic syndrome as candidates for intensified therapy....
“I Learned the Bad Things I'm Doing”: Adolescent Mothers' Perceptions of a Relationship Education Program

The purpose of this study was to explore what pregnant and parenting adolescent mothers felt they learned from a relationship education program. A total of 148 primarily Hispanic adolescent mothers who participated in the Strengthening Relationships Program took part in focus-group interviews. Narratives revealed that adolescent mothers perceived the program as effective in changing how they communicated and dealt with conflict with their partners. Specifically, they reported understanding the importance of communication and effective conflict-resolution strategies. In addition, narratives revealed adolescent mothers grew in self-awareness as a result of their program participation. These findings affirm the importance of providing relationship education to adolescent parents.
Gas-phase methylation of the 2-hydroxypyridine/2-pyridone system by the dimethylchlorinium ion

The gas-phase reactions of 2-methoxypyridine, 1-methyl-2-pyridone and the tautomeric 2-hydroxypyridine/2-pyridone system with the dimethylchlorinium ion have been investigated in the chemical ionization (CI) source of a tandem mass spectrometer. The mechanisms of these reactions were determined by analyzing the unimolecular fragmentation reactions of the product ions, which were compared, where possible, with the fragmentation reactions of the independently synthesized postulated products. (CH3)2Cl + methylates both 2-methoxypyridine and the 2-hydroxypyridine tautomer at nitrogen, while methylating 1-methyl-2-pyridone and the 2-pyridone tautomer at oxygen. These results are consistent with the ab initio calculated (at the MP2(FC)/6-31G * //HF/6-31G * level) relative stabilities of various isomeric [M + CH 3] + ions of 2-hydroxypyridine and 2-pyridone. Comparisons with solution reactivity are made.
Variation in Establishing a Diagnosis of Obesity in Children

Consensus guidelines provide recommendations for the diagnosis and management of obesity. We conducted a medical record review of children initially diagnosed with obesity at a general pediatrics visit. The diagnosis was made most often at health maintenance visits (46%). Body mass index was documented in 5% of initial visits; 74% had documentation of obesity-related history; 64% had documentation of counseling. In multivariate analysis, male patients were more likely to have diet history documentation; female patients were more likely to have weight loss program referrals. Future research should assess pediatricians' perceptions about obesity to better understand clinical practice patterns.
Lawyers, Ignorance, and the Dominance of Delaware Corporate Law

Why does Delaware continue to dominate the market for incorporations even though recent research has shown that the quality of Delaware corporate law has declined substantially? We focus on the rational ignorance of lawyers and investors. Using the results of our survey of lawyers involved in initial public offerings (IPOs) as well as our analysis of companies involved in IPOs, we conclude that lawyers recommend Delaware because they are ignorant about other states’ law. Because Delaware is so dominant, law schools focus on Delaware corporate law, and a lawyer rationally learns the corporate law only of Delaware and her home state. Regardless of the quality of the law of other states, lawyers will not recommend it because they are unfamiliar with it. Likewise, lawyers recommend only Delaware law because they believe that investors are ignorant of other states’ law.
Phylogenetic signal in nucleotide data from seed plants: implications for resolving the seed plant tree of life

Effects of taxonomic sampling and conflicting signal on the inference of seed plant trees supported in previous molecular analyses were explored using 13 single-locus data sets. Changing the number of taxa in single-locus analyses had limited effects on log likelihood differences between the gnepine (Gnetales plus Pinaceae) and gnetifer (Gnetales plus conifers) trees. Distinguishing among these trees also was little affected by the use of different substitution parameters. The 13-locus combined data set was partitioned into nine classes based on substitution rates. Sites evolving at intermediate rates had the best likelihood and parsimony scores on gnepine trees, and those evolving at the fastest rates had the best parsimony scores on Gnetales-sister trees (Gnetales plus other seed plants). When the fastest evolving sites were excluded from parsimony analyses, well-supported gnepine trees were inferred from the combined data and from each genomic partition. When all sites were included, Gnetales-sister trees were inferred from the combined data, whereas a different tree was inferred from each genomic partition. Maximum likelihood trees from the combined data and from each genomic partition were well-supported gnepine trees. A preliminary stratigraphic test highlights the poor fit of Gnetales-sister trees to the fossil data.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Family and Its Relationship to Renal Complications of the Metabolic Syndrome

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Three PPAR isoforms, designated PPARalpha, -beta/delta, and -gamma, have been identified and attracted enormous attention as a result of the key role that these receptors play in regulating adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and BP. Growing evidence points to a causative relationship between PPAR activity and the metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and albuminuria. Importantly, both PPAR-alpha activators, such as the fibric acid class of hypolipidemic drugs, and PPAR-gamma agonists, including antidiabetic thiazolidinediones, have been proved to be effective for improving diverse aspects of the metabolic syndrome. All three PPAR isoforms seem to play important roles in the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. Accumulating data suggesting that PPAR may serve as potential therapeutic targets for treating the metabolic syndrome and its related renal complications have begun to emerge. This article reviews the literature pertaining to the action, ligand selectivity, and physiologic role of PPAR. Particular emphasis is placed on their pathogenic roles in the metabolic syndrome and the therapeutic utility of PPAR modulators in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Impact of α-hydroxy-propanodeoxyguanine adducts on DNA duplex energetics: Opposite base modulation and implications for mutagenicity and genotoxicity

Acrolein is an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde that is a major environmental pollutant, as well as a product of cellular metabolism. DNA bases react with acrolein to form two regioisomeric exocyclic guanine adducts, namely γ-hydroxy-propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OH-PdG) and its positional isomer α-hydroxy-propanodeoxyguanosine (α-OH-PdG). The γ-OH-PdG isomer adopts a ring-opened conformation with minimal structural perturbation of the DNA host duplex. Conversely, the α-OH-PdG isomer assumes a ring-closed conformation that significantly disrupts Watson-Crick base-pair alignments within the immediate vicinity of the damaged site. We have employed a combination of calorimetric and spectroscopic techniques to characterize the thermodynamic origins of these lesion-induced structural alterations. Specifically, we have assessed the energetic impact of α-OH-PdG centered within an 11-mer duplex by hybridizing the adduct-containing oligonucleotide with its complementary strand harboring a central base N [where N = C or A], yielding a pair of duplexes containing the nascent lesion (α-OH-PdG·C) or mismatched adduct (α-OH-PdG·A), respectively. Our data reveal that the nascent lesion is highly destabilizing, while its mismatched counterpart partially ameliorates α-OH-PdG-induced destabilization. Collectively, our data provide energetic characterizations of the driving forces that modulate error-free versus error-prone DNA translesion synthesis. The biological implications of our findings are discussed in terms of energetically probing acrolein-mediated mutagenicity versus adduct-induced genotoxicity.
Failure of Ticks to Transmit Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Deuteromycota), a Common Filamentous Fungal Commensal of Ticks

Abstract The capacity of ticks to transmit a fungus was examined by analyzing tick saliva, host tissue from feeding sites, and host blood for presence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier, an internal mycosymbiont of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). Although >85% of ticks were infected with S. brevicaulis, conidia presence was low (0–5% of samples) in microscopic observations and mycological culturing of saliva expressed from larvae, nymphs, and adults. Additionally, the recovery of S. brevicaulis from blood and tissue feeding sites from a rabbit where S. brevicaulis-positive adult ticks had attached and fed was not increased compared with control tissue where no feeding occurred, indicating that transmission does not occur by the blood-feeding route. Tick mouthparts were found to contain S. brevicaulis in addition to Penicillium glabrum (Wehmer) Westling, but these agents were sparse in isolations from the feeding sites, which ma...
Outcomes of Tube Thoracostomies Performed by Advanced Practice Providers vs Trauma Surgeons

Background The role of advanced registered nurse practitioners and physician assistants in emergency departments, trauma centers, and critical care is becoming more widely accepted. These personnel, collectively known as advanced practice providers, expand physicians' capabilities and are being increasingly recruited to provide care and perform invasive procedures that were previously performed exclusively by physicians. Objectives To determine whether the quality of tube thoracostomies performed by advanced practice providers is comparable to that performed by trauma surgeons and to ascertain whether the complication rates attributable to tube thoracostomies differ on the basis of who performed the procedure. Methods Retrospective blinded reviews of patients' charts and radiographs were conducted to determine differences in quality indicators, complications, and outcomes of tube thoracostomies by practitioner type: trauma surgeons vs advanced practice providers. Results Differences between practitioner type in insertion complications, complications requiring additional interventions, hospital length of stay, and morbidity were not significant. The only significant difference was a complication related to placement of the tube: when the tube extended caudad, toward the feet, from the insertion site. Interrater reliability ranged from good to very good. Conclusions Use of advanced practice providers provides consistent and quality tube thoracostomies. Employment of these practitioners may be a safe and reasonable solution for staffing trauma centers.
Professional user radio systems

Professional user radio systems come in a very wide range of forms and complexity. They vary from simple 'infrastructureless' systems in which users with handportable or vehicle-mounted radios talk only to each other, to systems that are more complex and sophisticated than present day digital cellular telephone systems. In this chapter we will look at how and why these different systems have evolved, their structure and how they operate. We will see how digital techniques are coming into use in these systems, and will review briefly the Trans-European Trunked Radio (TETRA) standard developed by ETSI for digital professional user radio systems.
Evaluation of Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy at a Veterans Affairs Hospital.

We reviewed outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center to identify opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship intervention. A definite or possible modification would have been recommended in 60% of courses. Forty-one percent of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy courses were potentially avoidable, including 22% involving infectious diseases consultation. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(9):1103–1105
A Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm for Bus Type Assignments in Random Topology Power Grid Model

Our previous work proposed a random topology power grid model, called RT-nested-smallworld, formulated based on a comprehensive study of the real-world grid topologies and electrical properties. The model can be used to produce a sufficiently large number of power grid test cases with scalable network size and featuring the same kind of small-world topology and electrical characteristics found in realistic grids. However, the proposed RT-power grid model has a shortcoming that is its random assignment of bus types (i.e. Generation, Load, or Connection), which is inconsistent with that of a realistic grid. Because our recent study found that the bus type assignment in a realistic power grid is not random but a correlated one. With the help of Bus Type Entropy, a novel measure which provides a quantitative means to better represent the correlation of bus type assignments in a grid topology, we propose a multi-objective optimization algorithm for the bus type assignments in the random topology power grid modeling. The proposed search algorithm is able to locate the best set of bus type assignments for a given random "electrical" topology generated by RT-nested-smallworld, so that each bus type assignment in the target set will have a Bus Type Entropy value close to that of a realistic grid with comparable network size. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed multi-objective algorithm, we experiment our algorithm on three sets of realistic power systems, namely, the IEEE-300 bus system, the NYISO system and the MPC system. The obtained results confirm the validity of our proposed method.
Being a Parent or Having a Parent? The Perceived Employability of Men and Women Who Take Employment Leave:

We explore one way family caregiving shapes inequality at work by analyzing the evaluations of men and women who took employment leave to care for a newborn or elderly parents or to recover from a personal injury. Roughly 500 undergraduate students evaluated the employability, qualifications, responsibility, and adherence to leave policies of a fictitious applicant for a professional job. Evaluators rated fathers and male elder caregivers as the most employable. This advantage was not explained by evaluators’ thinking that fathers and male elder caregivers were qualified, responsible, and policy abiding, suggesting the operation of taste discrimination. Likewise, accounting for these factors widens the gap in perceived employability between male and female noncaregivers. We discuss what these findings reveal about the family-work link as well as their methodological and policy implications.
Calculation of rate of synthesis of chromosomal DNA in cells with chromosome-number dispersion

The rate of chromosomal DNA synthesis in an exponentially growing population of cells having chromosome-number dispersion is calculated using DNA histogram data, chromosome-number distribution data, and the assumptions that the synthesis rate is constant and DNA double exactly.
Curative Effects of Budesonide Suspension Combined with Ubertaline Solution for Nebulization on Infantile Asthma

Objective To study the clinic effects and safety of budesonide suspension combined with tubertaline solution for nebulization therapy on infantile asthma.Methods Seventy-five cases with asthma were divided into 3 groups randomly,double-blinded and controlled,each group having 25 cases.Group A inhaling tubertaline solution(bricanyl),while group B inhaling pulmicort respules combined with bricanyl,group C inhaling budesonide suspension(pulmicort respules)only.Results In group A,16 cases was cure,3 cases was markedly improved,6 cases was failure,the total efficacy rate was 76 percent.In group B,22 cases was cure,2 cases was markedly improved,1 case failed,the total efficacy rate was 96 percent.While in group C,14 cases was cure,4 cases was markedly improved,7 cases failed,the total efficacy rate was 72 percent.The difference of efficacy rate between group A and group B was significant(P0.05),the difference between group C and group B was also significant(P0.05),while the difference between group A and group C was not significant(P0.05).Conclusion Pulmicort respules combined with bricanyl for nebulising inhalation is effective and safety on infantile asthma and its effect is better than inhaling bude-sonide or tubertaline only.
Survey on growth and physical quality among grade three junior high school students in Shenbei new district,Shenyang city,2005,2014

Objective To understand the physical quality,lung function,and the trend of change among grade three junior high school students in Shenbei new district,Shengyang city,and explore the correlation of the lung function and physical quality. Methods The physical quality among junior high school students in Shenbei new district,Shenyang city,2014 was measured,and assessed according to the high school students' physical quality standard for evaluation.The correlation between lung function and physical quality was explored. Results The qualified rate of male and female students' physical quality was 52.00%and 58.80%respectively in Shenbei new district,Shenyang city,2014,and the male students' qualified rate decreased 14.60%,compared with the data in 2005(P 0.05).The height,weight,and chest circumference increased,compared with the data in 2005.Height,weight,chest circumference increased the least among the 15 year old girls group(P 0.05).The lung function indices decreased,reducing the least among the 15 year old boys group(P 0.05),except the male students' lung capacity.A positive correlation was found between physical quality scores and lung function indices(r0),and there was statistical significance(P 0.05).The correlation coefficient of vital capacity of body weight and physical quality was greater than lung capacity,Vital capacity weight index correlation coefficient was greater than 0.80,the correlation was stronger. Conclusion The qualified rate of male students' physical quality decreases in Shenbei new district,Shenyang city,2014,compared with the data in 2005.All body shape indices improve in2014.The lung function indices decrease in 2014,except the male students.A positive correlation is found between physical quality scores and lung function indices.
Concepts In Pharyngoesophageal Reconstruction

Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction remains a challenge in head and neck surgery. The anatomical defect dictates different reconstruction options possible for closure. This article highlights concepts in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction emphasizing a thought process used when choosing reconstruction options based on the anatomical defect. Both the partial pharyngoesophageal and total circumferential defects are discussed.
The Dynamics of Spoken Word Recognition in Second Language Listeners Reveal Native-Like Lexical Processing.

Models of spoken word recognition in monolingual, native listeners account for the dynamics of lexical activation of intended words and their phonologically similar “competitors,” in terms of continuous, cascaded processing dynamics. Here we explore how the dynamics of spoken word recognition differ for second language listeners. Groups of native Korean speakers (KL1) and native English speakers (EL1) listened to recordings of words in three conditions: phonological overlap at the beginnings of the words (cohort), at the ends of the words (rhyme), or without phonological overlap (unrelated), and used a computer mouse to select the matching stimulus from an array of two pictures. There are many reasons to predict that KL1 participants would differ from EL1 participants; for example, participants with nonnative speech sound perception might strategically reduce the contribution of anticipatory processes to avoid committing to an incorrect response and thus demonstrate smaller effects of anticipatory competition (cohort effect). Instead, the results did not reveal any interactions between language background and performance across the cohort, rhyme and unrelated conditions. Nor were effects of similarity related to overall performance on independent tests of speech sound categorization or vocabulary. The results suggest that the cohort and rhyme effects are robust features of proficient second language spoken word recognition, despite demonstrable differences in speech sound recognition.
Implications of Heterogeneous Memories in Next Generation Server Systems

Next generation datacenter and exascale machines will include significantly larger amounts of memory, greater heterogeneity in the performance, persistence or sharing properties of the memory components they encompass, and increase in the relative cost and complexity of the data paths in the resulting memory topology. This poses several challenges to the systems software stacks managing these memory-centric platform designs. First, technology advances in novel memory technologies shift the data access bottlenecks into the software stack. Second, current systems software lacks capabilities to bridge the multi-dimensional non-uniformity in the memory subsystem to the dynamic nature of the workloads it must support. In addition, current memory management solutions have limited ability to explicitly reason about the costs and tradeoffs associated with data movement operations, leading to limited efficiency of their interconnect use. To address these problems, next generation systems software stacks require new data structures, abstractions and mechanisms in order to enable new levels of efficiency in the data placement, movement, and transformation decisions that govern the underlying memory use. In this talk, I will present our approach to rearchitecting systems software and services in response to both node-level and system-wide memory heterogeneity and scale, particularly concerning the presence of non-volatile memories, and will demonstrate the resulting performance and efficiency gains using several scientific and data-intensive workloads.
The Economy and the Workers

The Soviet Union represents the first major experiment in devising a centrally planned socialist economy. The development of a Marxist economy, however, did not occur immediately after the Bolsheviks seized power in 1917. In fact, prior to the Revolution, few if any socialists had seriously considered how to organize and plan an economy; they were too preoccupied with overthrowing the existing capitalist system. Some elements of the new Marxist economic order were predictable, however. State ownership of the means of production would replace private ownership, and the State would dictate allocations of investment capital and labor resources, as well as set prices. Centralized state planning was not a fundamental tenet of Marx and came to be a prominent feature of the Soviet economy only in 1928.
The Nature and Dimensions of Complexity in Morphology

The multifacetedness of morphological complexity stems partly from the fact that linguistic complexity can be construed in more than one way, but also from the very nature of morphology. The complexity of morphological systems can be compared with respect to their morphotactics, to their word forms’ morphosyntactic content, to their exponence relations, to their derivational semantics, to their reliance on morphomic patterns, to the implicative relations among the forms in their inflectional paradigm, to their interfaces with other grammatical components, and to the relative parsability of their word forms. Recent research on morphological complexity has led to a precise proposal for quantifying complexity in some of these different dimensions; some dimensions, however, lend themselves to quantification more straightforwardly than others.
Clients' Workplace Environment and Corporate Audits

SUMMARY: We obtain a novel dataset of workplace satisfaction ratings submitted by about 100,000 employees working for large public U.S. companies. We document that lower workplace ratings are assoc...
Improving care with portfolio of physician-led cancer quality measures at an academic center.

49Background: Development and implementation of robust reporting processes to systematically provide quality data to care teams in a timely manner is challenging. National cancer quality measures are useful, but the required manual data collection is slow and resource-intensive. We designed a largely automated measurement system with our multidisciplinary cancer care programs (CCP). Methods: CCP physician leaders (MD) identified two measures that were meaningful to their team and patients. The quality team worked with hospital and university analytics teams to develop metrics and reports. Hospital leadership provided financial incentives (FI) for each CCP if jointly set targets were met. Results: 16 metrics were identified and measured for 13 CCPs (Table). Measures spanned from new diagnosis (ND) through end of life or survivorship care, and were a mix of process and outcome measures. To build and manage metrics required 2 full-time equivalent data analysts and quality specialists over 12 months. CCP MDs ...
Robust mid-infrared photothermal imaging system for characterization of thin films at high spatial resolution

We demonstrate robust performance of a mid-infrared photothermal imaging system with sensitive detection. Imaging of a patterned thin film shows a resolving power of 3.1 μm, below the diffraction-limited spot size of the pump beam.
Troubling Metaphors and International Student Adjustment: Reflections from a Transnational Place

On many campuses, offices of International Student Affairs address the perceived needs of international students. However, a number of underlying assumptions and persistent metaphors shape these efforts and influence their outcomes. All students are uniquely different and face equally different challenges in adjusting to higher education. Labeling students “international” may make institutional sense, but it can potentially hinder their transition, adjustment, and ultimate success. Applying restrictive labels can perpetuate stereotypes, reinforce institutional silos, and potentially fracture international students from the rest of the student body. This article reflects on how students—irrespective of national origins—are viewed and assisted in a transnational setting that includes more than 70% of students who might, in other contexts, be classified as “international.”
A Novel Indirect Reduction Technique in Ankle Syndesmotic Injuries: A Cadaveric Study

Objective:To describe a novel technique using preoperative computed tomography (CT) to plan clamp tine placement along the trans-syndesmotic axis (TSA). We hypothesized that preoperative CT imaging provides a reliable template on which to plan optimal clamp tine positioning along the TSA, reducing m
Hereditary Lung Cancer Risk: Recent Discoveries and Implications for Genetic Counseling and Testing

Most lung cancer risk is attributed to environmental factors such as cigarette smoke. Family history also impacts lung cancer risk and as smoking rates decrease, the importance of understanding hereditary risk factors will increase. The goal of this paper is to review recent literature on germline variants that affect lung cancer risk, particularly in non-smokers. Germline EGFR T790M mutations have been identified in several families with a high density of lung cancer. Individuals with EGFR T790M appear to be predisposed to multifocal lung cancer and ground glass opacities. Other variants in EGFR (V769M, R776H, V843I), HER2 (G660D), and YAP1 (R331W) have also been identified in families with striking lung cancer histories. Several case reports have identified germline mutations in oncogenes as candidate high-risk lung cancer alleles. There are likely other germline lung cancer risk variants that have yet to be described. There are currently limited clinical testing options for these variants and limited guidance for medical management of carriers. More research with larger cohorts is needed to better understand hereditary lung cancer risks.