cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plate detachment, asthenosphere upwelling, and topography across subduction zones

This study analyzes the topography across subduction zones, considering the separate contributions of the crust and the mantle lithosphere to the observed surface elevation. We have found a transition from a region where the overriding plate is coupled to the descending slab and pulled down along with it to a region where the overriding plate floats freely on the asthenosphere. When the subducting slab retreats oceanward rapidly this transition is abrupt, and the edge of the overriding plate is uplifted. We propose that at some point during rapid slab rollback the overriding plate detaches and rebounds like a boat released from its keel. This event is associated with suction of asthenospheric material into the gap that is opened between the plates up to the base of the crust. As a result, the forearc uplifts, and magmatism in the arc increases.
Crossover of microscopic dynamics in metallic supercooled liquid observed by NMR.

Nuclear magnetic resonance is used to characterize local atomic motions in the glassy and supercooled liquid states of the bulk metallic glass system Pd43Ni10Cu27P20. The temperature dependence of the Knight shift reveals that certain local atomic motion decreases rapidly below a crossover temperature Tc down to the glass transition temperature Tg. Above Tc as well as below Tg the mean-squared amplitude of local motions depends linearly on the temperature. The observed gradual transition below Tc is inconsistent with heterogeneity effects. It reveals that qualitative changes of microscopic properties in the supercooled liquid take place at temperatures significantly above Tg.
Results From Experimental Rain-Gages At Coshocton, Ohio

Satisfactory shields and enclosures for the standard United States Weather Bureau type of rain-and-snow gage are essential to the accurate measurement of precipitation by gages placed in open areas. By using a limited number of widely distributed gages, it is usually possible to place them in properly sheltered sites. However, when the number and distribution-density of the gages are increased, it is often extremely difficult to find suitable exposures. In connection with the watershed-studies being conducted by the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture near Coshocton, Ohio, where rain-and-snow gages are distributed at intervals of about one-third mile over privately owned watersheds of several thousand acres area, many gages are necessarily exposed directly to wind-action. In order that equipment may be developed for improving the catch of gages so exposed, an experimental plot has been established in the watershed-area and equipped with several standard rain-and-snow gages on which various types of shields and enclosures are being tested.
Canonical Proper Time Formulation for Physical Systems

The canonical proper time formulation of relativistic dynamics provides a framework from which one can describe the dynamics of classical and quantum systems using the clock of those very systems. The framework utilizes a canonical transformation on the time variable that is used to describe the dynamics, and does not transform other dynamical variables such as momenta or positions. This means that the time scales of the dynamics are described in terms of the natural local time coordinates, which is the most meaningful parameterization of phenomena such as the approach to equilibrium, or the back reaction of interacting systems. We summarize the formalism of the canonical proper time framework, and provide example calculations of the eigenvalues of the hydrogen atom and near horizon description of a scalar field near a Schwarzschild black hole.
Extrapolating movement without retinal motion.

In contrast to the perception of a stationary object that is briefly flashed in the dark, a continuously visible moving object is seen as being ahead of its actual position at the time of the flash. An explanation for this simple effect, in which a stimulus moving on the retina is seen as being further along its path and not where it was in space when its signal impinged on the retina, is keenly debated1,2,3,4,5,6. We show here that this illusion is not just limited to retinal motion, and that perceptual mislocalization occurs even when stimulus motion is inferred entirely from extra-retinal information, for example by movement of the observer's head or whole body, without retinal motion. The phenomenon may therefore rely on a much more general mechanism.
Mixed methods for the approximation of liquid crystal flows

The numerical solution of the flow of a liquid crystal governed by a particular instance of the Ericksen–Leslie equations is considered. Convergence results for this system rely crucially upon energy estimates which involve H2 (Ω) norms of the director field. We show how a mixed method may be used to eliminate the need for Hermite finite elements and establish convergence of the method.
Breast conservation surgery and interstitial brachytherapy in the management of locally recurrent carcinoma of the breast: the Allegheny General Hospital experience.

PURPOSE: To evaluate lumpectomy followed by interstitial brachytherapy as an acceptable sal- vage therapy for women who have developed localized recurrence of breast cancer after conserva- tion surgery and postoperative external radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1/1998 and 10/2006, 21 patients with T0 or T1 in- breast recurrence of carcinoma were offered interstitial low-dose rate brachytherapy after tumor re-excision as an alternative to salvage mastectomy. All patients had failed lumpectomy followed by standard postoperative external beam radiotherapy (range, 5000e6040 cGy) as treatment for the initial breast carcinoma. Seven recurred as ductal carcinoma in situ, 2 as infiltrating lobular car- cinoma, and 12 as recurrent invasive carcinoma. The recurrent tumors were excised with final mar- gins of resection free of residual disease per National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project definition. Tumor bed implantation was then carried out with an interstitial technique using 192 Ir with the target volume consisting of the tumor bed plus a minimum 1.0-cm clinical margin. The required minimum dose delivered to the target volume was 4500e5000 cGy (range, 4500e5530). RESULTS: Twenty of 21 patients were free of local disease with a median observation time of 40 months (range, 3e69). The single patient who developed a second local recurrence was treated suc- cessfully with simple mastectomy. Two patients succumbed to systemic disease at 17 and 24 months after salvage implant therapy. One patient developed a contralateral breast cancer. Cosmetic results defined by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project cosmesis scale were acceptable. One patient developed a localized seroma requiring multiple needle aspirations before complete resolution. Two patients developed localized skin breakdown in the tumor bed. One healed after 6 months of conservative treatment. The other healed 9 months later with Grade II cosmesis. This patient also developed a concurrent postoperative wound infection. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat lumpectomy followed by brachytherapy is feasible and may be an ac- ceptable alternative to salvage mastectomy in patients who locally fail conservation breast therapy; however, longer followup and greater patient numbers may be needed to better define the role of salvage brachytherapy. 2008 American Brachytherapy Society. All rights reserved.
Collaborative algorithms for bandwidth and allocation in wireless networks

We propose resource allocation strategies for a class of wireless networks with a clustering protocol. The nodes are assumed stationary and establish connections with the master node according to a priority scheme that relates to their distances from the master node. The paper considers bandwidth and rate allocation.
Improving alarm management efficacy through predictive modeling and trending

Alarm fatigue, the progressive desensitization of clinical staff to audible alarms in their environment, has been reestablished as a National Patient Safety Goal by The Joint Commission as of January 2014. In order to manage the number of alarms experienced by hospital staff, facilities are charged with finding a way to measure their existing alarm load and then develop methods and policies by which to reduce or mitigate the threat of alarm fatigue. This study used access to a large archive of patient monitoring alarms in order to develop a process by which patient monitoring alarms could be analyzed with high specificity across multiple units of differing specialties and acuity levels. Trends in the distributions of patient monitoring alarm data were identified, with the greatest potential contributors to alarm fatigue being confirmed as the medium and low priority alarms, comprising 70+% of patient monitoring alarms, and condition-based distributions showing strong correlation (with most R 2 values exceeding 0.990) to average distributions across patient care units of differing specialties and acuity levels. A trend of spikes in heart rate alarms was also observed, suggesting that heart rate limits should be considered differently than those for other vital signs.
Citation characteristics of research published in emergency medicine versus other scientific journals

Abstract Study Objective: We sought to examine how a cohort of published emergency medicine research is cited in scientific journals. Methods: Data were collected on all research submitted to the 1991 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine meeting and subsequently published. Outcome measures included all citations of these studies found in journals listed in the Science Citation Index, as well as the impact factors (citations per manuscript per year) of citing journals. Results: Two hundred four of the 493 submitted studies were published and met study entry criteria; the average article was cited 2.04 times a year during the study period. Twelve percent were never cited, and 39% were cited only once or twice. Thirty percent were published in non–emergency medicine journals, and these were cited at least twice as often (and by almost 3 times as many journals) as apparently similar studies published in emergency medicine journals. The percentage of studies never cited by anyone was about threefold higher when published in emergency medicine journals. Forty-two percent of the citations of research published in emergency medicine journals came from within the specialty. Emergency medicine journals provided only 16% of the citations of emergency medicine research published in non–emergency medicine journals because these studies were cited 3 times as often by authors in other disciplines. Rejection of research for presentation at the meeting did not predict the number or quality of citations or citing journals. Conclusion: Research submitted to the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine meeting and subsequently published is cited about as often as the average scientific journal article but receives more impact, is cited more widely, and is more likely to be cited by a broader range of authors when published by non–emergency medicine journals. The ability of emergency medicine journals to compete with larger non–emergency medicine journals for their larger audiences may help shape perceptions of the specialty. [Callaham M, Weber E, Wears R. Citation characteristics of research published in emergency medicine versus other scientific journals. Ann Emerg Med. November 2001;38:513-517.]
Identity and equivalence conservation: longitudinal field studies in sequence and significance

Summary. In a cumulative field study, classroom observation of over 4,000 4–5-year-old children over one-year periods and of over 1,000 children over two-year periods found 1,006 pupils who conserved identity but not equivalence up to eight months later. Six-hundred and thirty-nine pupils conserved both identity and equivalence. Follow-up studies of 61 and 54 pupils showed no relationship between conservation abilities in kindergarten and mathematical skills and concepts in Grade 1. Performance in Grade 6, however, correlated significantly with conservation of equivalence by the end of kindergarten. Results are discussed in the context of methodological concerns.
Evaluation of a Novel Emergence Trap to Study Culex Mosquitoes in Urban Catch Basins

5 ABSTRACT. Stormwater catch basins in urban areas provide important larval habitat for Culex mosquitoes. In this study we quantified adult Culex emergence using a newly designed emergence trap deployed in catch basins in suburban Chicago, IL. Traps were deployed from late June to mid-October, 2009-10, in 19 catch basins for a total of 461 trap-days. Based on laboratory trials, the percentage of adults emerging under the trap and reaching the collection cup ranged from 37.7 6 6.5% for closed-cup and 50.5 6 3.8% for open-cup configurations. In 2009, catch basins containing immature mosquitoes produced an estimated 58.9 6 30.8 female and 86.2 6 36.4 male Culex spp. per day. Most (84.4% )w ereCulex pipiens and the remainder were Cx. restuans. The trap was also effective in documenting reductions in adult emergence following intense precipitation events that caused ''flushing'' of larvae and pupae. In general, the new emergence trap was effective for studying Culex production in catch basins and should be broadly useful in studies of container-breeding mosquitoes.
Impact of donor age in liver transplantation from donation after circulatory death donors: A decade of experience at Cleveland Clinic.

The use of liver grafts from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors remains controversial, particularly with donors of advanced age. This retrospective study investigated the impact of donor age in DCD liver transplantation. We examined 92 recipients who received DCD grafts and 92 matched recipients who received donation after brain death (DBD) grafts at Cleveland Clinic from January 2005 to June 2014. DCD grafts met stringent criteria to minimize risk factors in both donors and recipients. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft survival in DCD recipients was significantly inferior to that in DBD recipients (82%, 71%, 66% versus 92%, 87%, 85%, respectively; P = 0.03). Six DCD recipients (7%), but no DBD recipients, experienced ischemic-type biliary stricture (P = 0.01). However, the incidence of biliary stricture was not associated with donor age (P = 0.57). Interestingly, recipients receiving DCD grafts from donors who were <45 years of age (n = 55) showed similar graft survival rates compared to those receiving DCD grafts from donors who were ≥45 years of age (n = 37; 80%, 69%, 66% versus 83%, 72%, 66%, respectively; P = 0.67). Cox proportional hazards modeling in all study populations (n = 184) revealed advanced donor age (P = 0.05) and the use of a DCD graft (P = 0.03) as unfavorable factors for graft survival. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of DBD graft failure increased with increasing age, but the risk of DCD graft failure did not increase with increasing age (P = 0.13). In conclusion, these data suggest that stringent donor and recipient selection may ameliorate the negative impact of donor age in DCD liver transplantation. DCD grafts should not be discarded because of donor age, per se, and could help expand the donor pool for liver transplantation.
Influence of trait behavioral inhibition and behavioral approach motivation systems on the LPP and frontal asymmetry to anger pictures

Behavioral approach and avoidance are fundamental to the experience of emotion and motivation, but the motivational system associated with anger is not well established. Some theories posit that approach motivational processes underlie anger, whereas others posit that avoidance motivational processes underlie anger. The current experiment sought to address whether traits related to behavioral approach or avoidance influence responses to anger stimuli using multiple measures: ERP, electroencephalographic (EEG) -asymmetry and self-report. After completing the behavioral inhibition system/behavioral approach system (BIS/BAS) scales, participants viewed anger pictures and neutral pictures. BAS predicted larger late positive potentials (LPPs) to anger pictures, but not to neutral pictures. In addition, BAS predicted greater left-frontal asymmetry to anger pictures. Moreover, larger LPPs to anger pictures related to greater left-frontal EEG asymmetry during anger pictures. These results suggest that trait approach motivation relates to neurophysiological responses of anger.
NANOPHOSPHORS FOR WHITE LIGHT LEDS

In this article, a salted sol-gel and a salted sol-gel combustion method were developed for nanophosphor synthesis. Massive nanophosphor production becomes possible by using these novel methods. Some blue, green, and red LED nanophosphors were prepared by using these novel methods. Morphology, growth mechanism, and luminescent properties of these phosphors were investigated. Concentration quenching effect is reduced in nanophosphors. Energy transfer process is limited by increase of the surface/volume ratio. These results show that nanophosphors have great potential to enhance efficiency of phosphors, but the thermal quenching effect is increased for nanophosphors that are prepared by wet chemical methods.
Structural Parameters and Negotiated Orders: Comment on Benson, and Day and Day*

(1978). Structural Parameters and Negotiated Orders: Comment on Benson, and Day and Day. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 491-496.
The molecular basis for the immunogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans mannoproteins

T-cell-mediated immunity is necessary for effective host defenses against infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. Clinical and experimental studies have identified a heterogeneous family of mannoproteins as critical cryptococcal antigens responsible for stimulating T-cell responses. The archetypal mannoprotein has a signal sequence, a functional domain, a serine/threonine-rich region and a site for attachment of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Extensive O-mannosylation, which occurs at the serine/threonine region, facilitates recognition by mannose receptors on antigen-presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells. This results in efficient antigen uptake, processing and presentation to T cells. Inhibition of mannose receptors or deglycosylation of mannoproteins profoundly inhibits T-cell responses, demonstrating the crucial contribution of mannosylation to immunogenicity.
Leadership in educational technology: Insights from the corporate world

More than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods. Twenty-first-century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums. The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education. The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
A three-phase soft-switched high power density DC/DC converter for high power applications

Three DC/DC converter topologies suitable for high-power-density high-power applications are presented. All three circuits operate in a soft-switched manner, making possible a reduction in device switching losses and an increase in switching frequency. The three-phase dual-bridge converter proposed is shown to have the most favorable characteristics. This converter consists of two three-phase inverter stages operating in a high-frequency six-step mode. In contrast to existing single-phase AC-link DC/DC converters, lower turn-off peak currents in the power devices and lower RMS current ratings for both the input and output filter capacitors are obtained. This is in addition to smaller filter element values due to the higher-frequency content of the input and output waveforms. Furthermore, the use of a three-phase symmetrical transformer instead of single-phase transformers and a better utilization of the available apparent power of the transformer (as a consequence of the controlled output inverter) significantly increase the power density attainable. >
Gravity Modeling for High‐Accuracy GPS/INS Integration

The feasibility of improving airborne GPS/INS integrated navigation by use of accurate deflection of the vertical (DOV) information is investigated in this paper. Based on the available 2 times 2 arcmin DOV grid, tests were run on GPS/INS navigation data, and the results were compared with the corresponding results where the DOV compensation was not used. The issue of stochastic modeling of the anomalous gravity field in the state vector of the integrated filter is also addressed. The tests were conducted using the Airborne Integrated Mapping System (AIMS™), whose positioning component is based on a tightly integrated GPS/INS. The system is designed to provide orientation and position of an aerial platform, with estimated accuracy of 4–7 cm in position and ∼ 10 arcsec in orientation in postmission mode. A brief overview of the system is also given, including a discussion of current error modeling and airborne test results.
Transcriptional repression in the Drosophila embryo.

Transcriptional repression is essential for the conversion of crude maternal gradients into sharp territories of tissue differentiation in the Drosophila embryo. Evidence will be presented suggesting that some of the embryonic repressors function through a short-range 'quenching' mechanism, whereby a repressor works over short distances (ca. 50 b.p.) to block neighbouring activators within a target enhancer. This type of repression can explain how different enhancers work autonomously within complex modular promoters. However, at least one of the repressors operating in the early embryo works through a long-range, or silencing, mechanism. The binding of a silencer to a given enhancer leads to the inactivation of all enhancers within a complex promoter. The analysis of chromatin boundary elements suggest that silencers and enhancers might work through distinct mechanisms. We speculate that silencers constrain the evolution of complex promoters.
Cloud CPU Verification Scheme for Individual End Users

In this paper, a user-based CPU verification scheme is proposed for the cloud cheating detection problem, where the cloud service provider offers insufficient CPU resources that are bought by the user. In this scheme, a predefined computational task is constructed for the cloud to execute. Then, we compare the difference of the actual execution time (recorded by the user) and the theoretical execution time, as to determine whether the cloud is cheating or not. A time-lock puzzle is introduced to construct the predefined computational task, so that this task is guaranteed to be fully executed by the cloud. Our cheating detection process has a higher probability of detecting cloud cheating if using a larger predefined computational task, which in turn costs more time. Further analysis shows that, if the total detection time is limited, it is better to detect cloud cheating using small-scale and short-length cheating detecting processes multiple times, as opposed to large-scale and long-length processes a few times. We also discuss the heterogeneity of CPU resources through two simple models. Finally, the feasibility and validity of our scheme is shown in the real system evaluations.
Computational prediction of ATC codes of drug-like compounds using tiered learning

The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Code System is a World Health Organization (WHO) proposed classification that assigns codes to compounds based on their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical characteristics as well as the in-vivo site of activity. The ability to predict the ATC code of an arbitrary compound with high accuracy can go a long way in selecting molecules for lead identification. We propose a computational approach to this problem that utilizes a natural pharmacological constraint, namely, that anatomical-therapeutic biological activity of certain types must preclude activities of many other types. The method proposed here utilizes machine learning in a tiered architecture; prediction of the ATC code at a certain level is constrained by the ATC code at the higher levels. Using this learning architecture, we have built classifiers that incorporate information from a compound's structure, as well as its chemical and protein interactions. The proposed approach has been validated using 2335 drugs from the ChEMBL database in both cross-validation and test setting. The prediction accuracy obtained with this approach is 78.72% and is comparable or better than the prediction accuracy of other methods at the state of the art.
Uncertainty Treatment for Level-2 Probabilistic Safety Analysis

In a level-2 probabilistic safety analysis (PSA), two types of uncertainty have to be taken into account: the uncertainty related to random variation (variability) and the uncertainty related to li...
On the action of temperature and humidity on the organism

The main object of the present research is to discover whether objective signs of physical inefficiency may be found in individuals when subjected to an atmosphere of high temperature and high humidity. Cats were used as the subject of experimentation, and were confined individually for a period of six hours within a small chamber supplied with abundant moving air. With one group of animals the temperature averaged approximately 21° C. and the humidity approximately 54 per cent.; with the other a temperature of 33° C. and a humidity of 89 per cent, were employed; that is, the animals of the first group were kept under comfortable atmospheric conditions, those of the second group were given air approximating that of a hot, humid summer day. In some of the animals the rectal temperature was observed at the beginning and the end of the period of confinement. At the end of this period the cats were taken from the chamber and killed by instantaneous decapitation. The blood was collected for the estimation of s...
Studies on the Culicoides of Baker County, Georgia (Diptera, Heleidae): I. Preliminary Survey and Observations

No comprehensive studies have been conducted previously in Georgia on the haematophagous flies of the genus Culicoides, vectors of filariid parasites and virus diseases of man and animals in various parts of the world. This investigation was initiated to determine what species occur in southwestern Georgia, to obtain as much information as possible on the bionomics of the respective species, and to attempt to establish laboratory colonies so that disease transmission studies might be conducted and adults might be associated with their immature stages. A start was made on August 4, 1952, by initiating studies to determine the species in the area and conducting investigations on the biology of several of these species.
Radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle-part 5. The phalanges.

Background: The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional). Methods: Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation. Results: Images of each foot and distal leg bone (“front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique. Conclusions: Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs ...
Design and synthesis of model and practical palladium catalysts using atomic layer deposition

We investigated the “one-batch” synthesis of model and practical palladium catalysts using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Two types of model catalysts and one type of powder-based nanocatalyst were synthesized simultaneously by ALD under viscous flow conditions. In addition, Pd/TiO2(110) model catalysts were prepared by the identical ALD process but under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Because of the self-limiting surface reaction that defines ALD, the local structure of all the Pd catalysts were essentially the same as confirmed by a suite of microscopic and spectroscopic characterization techniques. A comprehensive understanding of the Pd-based catalysts was achieved by applying both surface science probes and advanced synchrotron techniques, and by strategically selecting the catalyst substrate best suited for each characterization. Both X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray resonant photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that Pd only weakly interacted with the TiO2 support. The one-batch synthesis approach facilitated by ALD can potentially bridge the “synthesis gap” between model catalysts and practical catalysts.
Geometric morphometric analyses of worn cheek teeth help identify extant and extinct gophers (Rodentia, Geomyidae)

Studies of the biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of fossil vertebrate assemblages require large samples of accurately identified specimens. Such analyses can be hampered by the inability to assign isolated and worn remains to specific taxa. Entoptychine gophers are a diverse group of burrowing rodents found in Oligo-Miocene deposits of the western United States. In both entoptychines and their extant relatives the geomyines, diagnostic characters of the occlusal surface of the teeth are modified with wear, making difficult the identification of many isolated fossil teeth. We use geometric morphometrics to test the hypothesis that tooth shape informs taxonomic affinities and expected levels of morphological variation across gopher taxa. We also incorporate data from microcomputer tomography to investigate changes in occlusal surface shape through wear within individuals. Our analyses demonstrate the usefulness of our approach in identifying extant geomyines to the genus, subgenus and species levels, and fossil entoptychines to the genus and, in some cases, the species level. Our results cast doubt on the validity of some species within Entoptychus and suggest future revisions to entoptychine taxonomy. The amounts of morphological divergence observed among fossil and extant genera are similar. Fossil species do not differ greatly from extant ones in that regard either. Further work evaluating the morphological variation within and across entoptychine species, including unworn teeth and osteological material, will allow revised analyses of the biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of important Oligo-Miocene mammalian assemblages of the western United States and help to infer the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of gophers.
Mystery Case: Diagnostic challenges in a young patient with hypereosinophilia.

A 48-year-old woman with recent diagnosis of nonischemic cardiomyopathy and longstanding history of asthma and allergic rhinitis without additional vascular risk factors had intermittent chest pain and dyspnea for 6 weeks, treated with antibiotics and oral steroids without benefit. Subsequently, she developed bilateral leg edema, orthopnea, and chest pain, and was hospitalized twice at another institution. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) demonstrated an ejection fraction (EF) of 30%. Cardiac catheterization was normal. CT of the chest showed a large pericardial effusion (∼300 mL) and bilateral pleural effusions. She had urgent pericardiocentesis and right thoracentesis, and was transferred to our institution for further evaluation and care.
Doppelgänger Queens: Elizabeth Tudor and Mary Stuart

Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots have been perennially considered polar opposites. By looking at the moments when the two queens become almost interchangeable, I suggest that the contrast between Elizabeth and Mary is sustained—and sometimes defeated—by their essential likeness. Within these examples of amalgamation, Elizabeth and Mary’s commonality emerges alongside their differences, sometimes in ways that seem almost irrational yet psychologically convincing. The three parts of this essay focus on three such occurrences: a historical anecdote, a bizarre case of marriage negotiations, and a miniature portrait that may or may not depict one of the rival queens. Collectively, these three cases register the currents of competition, substitution, and identification that characterize the ways Elizabeth, Mary, and their audiences respond to the threat of interchangeability.
Catching them Early: An Examination of Chicano/Latino Middle School Boys’ Early Career Aspirations

The authors draw from a 16-month ethnographic study to examine Latino middle school boys’ early college and career aspirations. Sources of information and support for students, as well as contextual factors that shaped students’ early career aspirations were explored. Findings indicate that early college and career exposure may allow Latino middle school males to form feasible college and career plans. While parents and older siblings served as sources of encouragement, teachers and other institutional agents played a more direct role in assisting students prepare and plan for college. The AVID program provided exposure and concrete information that allowed students to identify different colleges and admissions requirements. Findings from this study may be beneficial for school leaders who hope to engage Latino males during this critical stage of development and help improve their college participation rates.
Conversion of α-Helical Proteins into an Alternative β-Amyloid Fibril Conformation

Abstract The propensity of proteins or peptides to misfold into amyloid deposits is associated with many neurodegenerative and systemic amyloid related diseases. It was originally thought that information stored in a polypeptide chain encodes only a single native fold. The transition of a protein from its soluble functional form into the β-sheet-rich insoluble ordered filamentous polymer is a special form of misfolding which poses a great intellectual challenge to the scientific community which seeks to understand the underlying mechanism. It is now believed that amyloid fibrillation may be a separate alternative folding pathway. This process is not unique to any specific class of proteins and appears to be an alternative conformation of the polypeptide backbone, in which fibrillation conditions are dictated by the amino acid sequence. Unlike native protein folding, in fibrillation, a single polypeptide chain can produce polymorphic fibrils that differ in intra- or inter-residue interactions, and which result in variations of filament number, arrangement and conformation. In this chapter we survey all the α-helical proteins that have been shown to undergo this transition to the amyloid-like form. Moreover, we discuss the unique polymorphisms that may be associated with each α-helical protein, and advances in our understanding of the transition of helical proteins into amyloid fibrils.
A Boussinesq Model of a Slurry

The general theory of a nonequilibrium slurry developed by Loper and Roberts [1] is used as the basis for developing a Boussinesq model of a slurry. This simple model employs the assumptions of constant composition of the solid phase and fast melting, i.e. rapid approach to phase equilibrium. The boundary conditions appropriate for the set of equations is developed. A simple static solution of the set of equations is tested for dynamical stability and is found to be almost always unstable. The mode of instability is new, involving melting and freezing of solid particles as the constraint of the liquidus condition dictates.
REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS

ABSTRACT Regulation of immune responses to the hapten azobenzenearsonate involves Lyt 1 + 2 − T cells in the induction of cell-mediated immunity and at least three subsets of suppressor T cells in the suppression of immunity. Suppression is regulated through a series of idiotype-anti-idiotype and I-J mediated events. Lyt 1 + 2 − T cells also play a critical role in the induction of immunity in the S1509a fibrosarcoma. Suppression in this system is mediated through at least two sets of suppressor T cells and can be enhanced or inhibited by alloantiserum directed at I-A or I-J gene products. In vitro suppression of mouse myeloma antibody production can be mediated by two subsets of anti-idiotype suppressor T cells or by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Regulation of myeloma by the suppressor cells and its potential clinical importance are discussed.
Optical Regulation Using Crystalline Silicon

The use of pulsed laser beams for transient thermal processing of various materials has increased dramatically over the past decade [1]. It is usually most desirable in such applications to control the processing parameters within specific limitations in order to achieve optimum reproducibility. In this respect, since the interaction of intense laser radiation with semiconductors and the subsequent energy redistribution mechanisms are usually highly nonlinear, it is important to minimize any shot-to-shot variations and to deliver essentially a constant beam f1uence to the material [2]. In pulsed beam processing, unlike cw beam processing, the irradiation times are too short to allow any positive feedback techniques to operate in real-time. Therefore, a method for ensuring maximum reproducibi1ity of the incident energy on the sample would be particularly desirable. In this paper we report a new picosecond nonlinear optical energy regulator for 1 micron radiation that effectively clamps the transmitted energy at a constant value for variations in incident energy of nearly two orders of magnitude. A potential application to short pulse laser beam processing is described.
Biosynthesis of the Cell Surface Sialomucin from Ascites 13762 Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells: Intracellular Maturation

Considerable attention has been directed in recent years toward tumor cell surface sialomucins (Carraway and Spielman, 1986). The presence of these O-glycosylated glycoproteins has been correlated with metastasis in the 13762NF rat mammary adenocarcinoma (Steck and Nicolson, 1983), and they are proposed to protect carcinomas from immune destruction by “masking” cell surface antigens, including histocompatibility antigens (Codington, 1981). Monoclonal antibodies prepared against whole tumor cells (Lan et al., 1985), tumor cell membranes (Kufe et al., 1984) or human milk fat globule membranes (Taylor-Papadimitriou, 1981) in many cases react specifically with carcinoma cell sialomucins and are being investigated for their potential in diagnosis and therapy (Schlom, 1986). Why should these mucin-like molecules, which are also products of normal tissues (Ceriani et al., 1983), be recognized as “carcinoma-associated antigens”? One possibility is that changes in the glycosylation of these glycoproteins in carcinomas yields epitopes which are absent or uncommon in normal tissues or other tumors (Hull and Carraway, 1988).
Exploring constitutional statutes in common law systems

Constitutional Statutes seem to describe an oxymoron that challenges the traditional hierarchical dichotomy between regular statutes and constitutional provisions. Constitutional Statutes might mean different things to different political actors (including judges) and academics within the same legal system and across countries. This article argues that we should analyze constitutional statutes along two vectors: what makes these statutes constitutional (identification) and what are the ramifications of such identification (consequences). It further argues that the answer to the first question affects the results of the second. The article argues that statutes are identified as constitutional based on either the process of their enactment or their content, which may itself be subdivided into two classifications: content in terms of importance and content in terms of entrenchment language. Constitutional statutes discussed in the literature and jurisprudence are often treated as though they are made of one cloth, when in fact they belong to different categories based on the justification for, as well as ramifications of, their constitutionality. The article’s approach is examined with relation to the U.S., U.K., Canada, Israel, New Zealand and Australia.
A Preliminary Study Measuring Social Self-Efficacy among Early Adolescents and Its Association with Aggressive Behavior.

This study evaluated a brief social self-efficacy (SSE) measure among 4,122 public middle school adolescents and its association with aggressive behavior. Data analytic procedures included calculat...
Depletion of CD8+ cells in patients with multiple sclerosis on dimethyl fumarate and its association with shingles (S24.002)

Objective: To determine the risk of shingles based on a decrease in CD8+ T cells seen in multiple sclerosis patients on dimethyl fumarate Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a very effective multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment but can cause lymphopenia in approximately 38% of patients. DMF appears to reduce the CD8+ T cell subset disproportionately, which may increase the risk of viral infection or reactivation. An example of this is seen with varicella zoster virus (VZV), the causative agent of shingles. Design/Methods: We investigated the CD8+ cells in patients with MS on DMF who developed shingles versus those who did not at the BIDMC MS Center. We also looked at other cell lines including absolute lymphocyte count, CD4+ cells and the CD4:CD8 ratio. Results: In our cohort of 194 MS patients treated with DMF, we have documented 11 cases of shingles, giving an incidence of 20.8 cases per 1000 patient-years (p-y). The incidence of shingles on DMF is considerably higher than the reported 11.8 per 1000 p-y documented for 0.5 mg fingolimod and 5.3 per 1000 p-y for untreated MS patients. We found shingles developed an average of 12.4 months after starting DMF. There were no cases of disseminated shingles. Comparing CD8+ counts around the time of shingles onset, we found there was a reduction in the average CD8+ cells of those patients who developed shingles (180.3) versus those who did not (259.4). A less pronounced decrease in the absolute lymphocyte count, CD4+ count, and the CD4:CD8 ratio was also observed. Conclusions: We suggest that preferential depletion of CD8+ cells drives an increased risk of developing shingles on DMF. This finding may be helpful in stratifying the risk of shingles in patients on dimethyl fumarate. Study Supported by: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Siddiqui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sloane has nothing to disclose. Dr. Egnor has nothing to disclose. Dr. Johnson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mojica has nothing to disclose.
Heterogeneous creep deformation in Dissimilar Metal Welds (DMWs)

Abstract Dissimilar Metal Welds (DMWs) made between ferritic low alloy steels and austenitic alloys are widely used in high temperature components of nuclear and fossil energy power plants. Literature shows that these bimetallic welds fail prematurely by creep mechanism close to the interface of the ferritic (BCC) and austenitic regions (FCC), with lifetimes much less than the creep lives of both materials. These creep failures are associated with cavity formation close to BCC/FCC interfaces. However, the spatial and temporal variations of creep strain rates in these DMWs have not been measured. In this research, DMW coupons were fabricated between 2.25Cr-1Mo steel and Alloy 800 H base material using a Ni base Inconel weld consumable. These samples were aged at 600 ℃ for 2000 h and 4000 h to induce two different sizes and distributions of Type I interfacial carbides and further subjected to a short term (~1 month) creep testing. Surface strains were measured with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to extract local creep strain rates. In both samples, creep strain concentration occurred in the BCC matrix. The location of creep strain concentration from the BCC/FCC interface, changed from 5 µm (2000 h aged condition) to 400 µm (4000 h aged condition) depending on the initial carbide distributions in these regions.
A 3D Cross-Hemisphere Neighborhood Difference Convnet for Chronic Stroke Lesion Segmentation

Chronic stroke lesion segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging scans plays a critical role in helping physicians to determine stroke patient prognosis. We propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) segmentation network - a 3D Cross-hemisphere Neighborhood Difference ConvNet -which utilizes brain symmetry. The main novelty of this network lies on a 3D cross-hemisphere neighborhood difference layer which introduces robustness to position and scale in brain symmetry. Such robustness is important in helping the CNN distinguish between minute hemispheric differences and the asymmetry caused by a lesion. We compared our model with the state-of-the-art method using a chronic stroke lesion segmentation database. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the benefit of a CNN that combines the physiologically based information, that is, the brain symmetry property.
DOES THE NEWS MEDIA FOSTER A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT FOR OLDER ADULTS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NEWS ARTICLES

The media has become increasingly more agenda-driven and politically biased in recent years. This research explores whether the major news outlets fosters an environment of negative sentiment towards the older adult population over a 4-year-period from 2016-2019. The paper uses a content analysis approach. 199 news articles that include keywords such as "older adults", "seniors" or "elderly" are randomly selected among those published in the first week of March in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 from the online archives. Main attitudes towards the older adults are extracted and categorized. In the 4-year span, regression analysis shows that negative attitudes are apolitical and are found in almost two-thirds (64%) of the 199 news articles in both liberal and conservative news outlets, suggesting that the current media creates a ubiquitously hostile environment for older adults. However, more liberal news outlets tend to produce more articles with positive messages about the older adults (p<0.05), and more conservative news outlets tend to create more content that reinforces negative stereotypes of older adults as being vulnerable and less productive (p<0.01). The high percentage of negative attitudes and the ubiquitous negative attitudes in news organizations, in spite of their political leaning, suggests that the media environment has some influence on the news content. Political biases of the organization are associated to numbers of articles with positive messages and negative stereotyping. Promoting professional development and self-regulating mechanisms in journalism could aid in reducing ageism perpetuated in the media.