cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring Metabolizable Energy with Mature Hens

Abstract Metabolizable energy (ME) values of some ingredients were determined using laying hens. Diets used in these studies were composed primarily of the test ingredient plus minerals and vitamins. Mature hens, housed in separate cages, were permitted to adjust to each test diet for about 2 weeks, followed by a 3 or 4 day collection during which total feed intake and excreta output were recorded for individual birds. ME values for rice bran, wheat middlings, brewers dried grains, and alfalfa meal were found to be 2.54, 1.90, 1.84, and 1.78 kcal/g, respectively. ME for rice bran was substantially higher and for brewers dried grains lower than the reported chick values. Autoclaving rice bran (15 psi, 30 min) resulted in no significant change in its ME value. The rice bran contained 8% fat.
TOS motif-mediated raptor binding regulates 4E-BP1 multisite phosphorylation and function.

Abstract Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, is a serine/threonine kinase that controls cell growth and proliferation via the translation regulators eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). We recently identified a TOR signaling (TOS) motif in the N terminus of S6K1 and the C terminus of 4E-BP1 and demonstrated that in S6K1, the TOS motif is necessary to facilitate mTOR signaling to phosphorylate and activate S6K1. However, it is unclear how the TOS motif in S6K1 and 4E-BP1 mediates mTOR signaling. Results: Here, we show that a functional TOS motif is required for 4E-BP1 to bind to raptor (a recently identified mTOR-interacting protein), for 4E-BP1 to be efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by the mTOR/raptor complex, and for 4E-BP1 to be phosphorylated in vivo at all identified mTOR-regulated sites. mTOR/raptor-regulated phosphorylation is necessary for 4E-BP's efficient release from the translational initiation factor eIF4E. Consistently, overexpression of a mutant of 4E-BP1 containing a single amino acid change in the TOS motif (F114A) reduces cell size, demonstrating that mTOR-dependent regulation of cell growth by 4E-BP1 is dependent on a functional TOS motif. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the TOS motif functions as a docking site for the mTOR/raptor complex, which is required for multisite phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, eIF4E release from 4E-BP1, and cell growth.
A neural network approach to the construction of Delaunay tessellation of points in R/sup d/

Since a neural network may be designed directly from either the Delaunay tessellation (DT) or its abstract dual, the Voronoi diagram, the procedure advanced here for training a dynamic feedforward neural network to generate the DT of specified points representing exemplars in multidimensional feature space, contributes toward the goal of an all-neural approach to the synthesis of neural networks. As the expected number of simplexes in the DT over n points is linear in n, the procedure is convenient for real-time implementation of pattern classifiers. >
International Service and the Perceived Impacts on Volunteers

Although international volunteer service is growing in prevalence worldwide, there is little rigorous research about its impacts. This quasi-experimental study assesses the perceived impacts of int...
Simulation of a Psychological Decision Process in Personnel Selection

Considerable attention in recent years has been given to the computer simulation of human thought processes in problem solving. This paper describes the computer simulation of the decision processes of a psychologist dealing with the ill-structured problem of analyzing psychological test scores and other data concerning individuals being considered for various types of clerical and clerical-administrative positions. The computer model was designed to output, as did the psychologist in his decision making, both: 1 numerous interpretive comments about each applicant, and 2 a specific recommendation as to whether the individual should be employed. The methodology and results of this research are described, and the possibility of utilizing computerized models of this type as an aid in personnel selection is suggested.
On the sum capacity of a class of 3 user deterministic interference channels

A class of 3-user deterministic interference channels is considered in which there is no interference between two of the users. We refer to this channel as the ‘shoe-string’ interference channel. Bounds on the sum-rate of this class of channels are given. These bounds are shown to be tight for several classes of symmetric linear deterministic models by providing explicit achievable schemes.
"Just a telephone call away": transforming the nursing profession with telecare and telephone nursing triage.

MossPurpose The purpose of this article is to examine the Institute of Medicine's recommendations, the National Prevention Council Action Plan, the medical home model, and the nursing standards that drive quality for telephone nursing triage. Findings These guidelines require reconceptualizing nursing roles, a commitment to lifelong learning, continued competence, and transformational leadership as demonstrated in a best practice case study. Conclusion Given the changing climate of the healthcare system, telephone nurses are capable of improving healthcare delivery in the twenty-first century. Moss
Individuals with schizophrenia present hypo- and hyperactivation during implicit cueing in an inhibitory task.

Abstract Background. The primary purpose of this investigation was to assess the neural correlates of implicit cueing during an inhibitory task in schizophrenia when performance accuracy was matched with healthy comparison subjects. Methods. We compared 17 individuals with chronic schizophrenia (SZ; medicated, 13.9 average years of illness) and 17 healthy comparison subjects (HC) matched for hit and false alarm rates, age, and education on a visual Go/Nogo task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this task, one of the go stimuli also served implicitly as a cue predictive of a subsequent inhibitory (Nogo) trial. Conclusions. Findings suggest that even when matched for overall performance accuracy, individuals with SZ exhibit difficulties with inhibition and cue processing that may relate to core deficits in cognitive control and stimulus processing. In particular, these findings point towards an important role of the parietal cortex for cued inhibitory processes in healthy populations.
Cross bridge-dependent activation of contraction in cardiac myofibrils at low pH.

Striated muscle contracts in the absence of calcium at low concentrations of MgATP ([MgATP]), and this has been termed rigor activation because rigor cross bridges attach and activate adjacent acti...
Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis: The Role of Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing:

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare form of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) characterized by pulmonary capillary proliferation and pseudoinvasion of collagenous septal structures. PCH is often accompanied by veno-occlusive changes and pulmonary hypertensive arterial remodeling. The clinical and pathological diagnosis of PCH can be subtle and easily missed. Most reported cases of PCH have been associated with resting PAH. We report the cases of 3 patients who initially presented with exertional dyspnea with normal to mildly elevated resting pulmonary arterial pressures and marked intrapulmonary shunting. In all 3 patients, invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing was suggestive of pulmonary vascular disease. Owing to abnormalities on invasive exercise testing, lung biopsies were performed; these were diagnostic of PCH, and the patients were referred for lung transplantation. We describe unique features of these 3 cases-including novel pathological findings and the presence of intrapulmonary shunting in all 3 patients-and we discuss the role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the evaluation of PCH.
User Instructions for the CiderF Individual Dose Code and Associated Utility Codes

Historical activities at facilities producing nuclear materials for weapons released radioactivity into the air and water. Past studies in the United States have evaluated the release, atmospheric transport and environmental accumulation of 131I from the nuclear facilities at Hanford in Washington State and the resulting dose to members of the public (Farris et al. 1994). A multi-year dose reconstruction effort (Mokrov et al. 2004) is also being conducted to produce representative dose estimates for members of the public living near Mayak, Russia, from atmospheric releases of 131I at the facilities of the Mayak Production Association. The approach to calculating individual doses to members of the public from historical releases of airborne 131I has the following general steps: • Construct estimates of releases 131I to the air from production facilities. • Model the transport of 131I in the air and subsequent deposition on the ground and vegetation. • Model the accumulation of 131I in soil, water and food products (environmental media). • Calculate the dose for an individual by matching the appropriate lifestyle and consumption data for the individual to the concentrations of 131I in environmental media at their residence location. A number of computer codes were developed to facilitate themore » study of airborne 131I emissions at Hanford. The RATCHET code modeled movement of 131I in the atmosphere (Ramsdell Jr. et al. 1994). The DECARTES code modeled accumulation of 131I in environmental media (Miley et al. 1994). The CIDER computer code estimated annual doses to individuals (Eslinger et al. 1994) using the equations and parameters specific to Hanford (Snyder et al. 1994). Several of the computer codes developed to model 131I releases from Hanford are general enough to be used for other facilities. This document provides user instructions for computer codes calculating doses to members of the public from atmospheric 131I that have two major differences from the Hanford modeling sequence. First, the air transport code HYSPLIT (Draxler et al. 2012) is used instead of the RATCHET code. Second, the new individual dose code CiderF replaces the older CIDER code and five auxiliary codes.« less
Simultaneous Ion Chromatographic Analysis of Anions and Mono- or Divalent Cations

Systeme utilisant une colonne pour separer les cations, un premier detecteur, une seconde colonne pour les anions, une colonne pour suppression d'anions, un second detecteur. En jouant sur les eluants et les colonnes on peut detecter tous les differents ions
Localization of thermoprecipitable activity to the "heavy" polypeptide chain of a G myeloma pyroglobulin.

SummaryA G myeloma pyroglobulin was reduced, alkylated and separated into “heavy” and “light” polypeptide chains. The type of thermoprecipitability which characterized the pyroglobulin was localized to the “heavy” chain. It is suggested that this myeloma protein is a subclass which could be termed G myeloma P (pyroglobulin).
Storage of Queen Honey Bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in Solitary Confinement

Holding of any of the 3 castes (queen, worker, drone) of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., in solitary confinement for extended periods is difficult (Park 1949). Workers have been held for 1–2 weeks (Butler 1963). A recent study (Gary 1966) indicated queens could be held for extended periods, but with high mortality rates. The queens were not reintroduced to colonies after storage.
Annealing behaviour of amorphous Fe80B20 on continuous heating

Resistance measurements during direct heating of Fe80B20 amorphous alloys indicate phase changes occur at 395, 500, 720 and 840° C. Samples heated to these temperatures, and maintained for five minutes in a neutral atmosphere, show that a hardness maximum occurs at the crystallization temperature of 395° C and that annealing at 500° C produces a material with the same hardness. Above 500° C the microhardness is seen to drop below that of the amorphous alloy. Saturation magnetization measurements show a steady increase following each anneal, up to a temperature of 720° C, and the rate of increase is seen to drop in the range of 720 to 840° C. X-ray diffraction studies show that only a small fraction of the matrix is crystallized following the anneal at 395° C and the transformed phases are α-Fe and Fe3B. Following annealing at 500° C, an increased proportion of α-Fe and Fe3B are observed with complete crystallinity while samples heattreated at 720° C are seen to consist of a three-phase mixture of α-Fe, Fe23B6 and Fe2B. Annealing at 840° C is seen to produce an equilibrium phase mixture of α-Fe and Fe2B phases. Only in the sample annealed at 395° C is a fraction of the amorphous phase seen to persist, indicating that a 5 min anneal is not sufficient, at this temperature, to induce complete crystallization. These structural features are corroborated by field ion microscope analyses, made at liquid nitrogen temperature in a medium of pure neon, and scanning electron microscopy, and are also consistent with our earlier study involving the isothermal annealing, for various times, of Fe80B20 alloy at 780° C.
Acute Exercise and Oxidative Stress: CrossFit™ vs. Treadmill Bout

CrossFit™, a popular high-intensity training modality, has been the subject of scrutiny, with concerns of elevated risk of injury and health. Despite these concerns empirical evidence regarding physiologic stresses including acute oxidative stress is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute redox response to a CrossFit™ bout. Furthermore, these findings were compared to a high-intensity treadmill bout as a point of reference. Ten males 26.4 ± 2.7 yrs having three or more months of CrossFit™ experience participated in the present study. Blood plasma was collected at four time points: Pre-exercise (PRE), immediately-post-exercise (IPE), 1 hr-post (1-HP) and 2 hr-post (2-HP), to examine oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity. Regarding plasma oxidative damage, CrossFit™ and Treadmill elicited a time-dependent increase of lipid peroxides 1-HP (CrossFit™=+143%, Treadmill=+115%) and 2-HP (CrossFit™=+256%, Treadmill+167%). Protein Carbonyls were increased IPE in CF only (+5%), while a time-dependent decrease occurred 1-HP (CrossFit™=−16%, Treadmill=−8%) and 2-HP (CF=−16%, TM=−1%) compared to IPE. Regarding antioxidant capacity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power also demonstrated a time-dependent increase within CrossFit™ and Treadmill: IPE (CrossFit™=+25%, Treadmill=+17%), 1-HP (CrossFit™=+26%, Treadmill=+4.8%), 2-HP (CrossFit™=+20%, Treadmill=+12%). Total Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity showed a time-dependent decrease in IPE (CrossFit™=−10%, Treadmill=−12%), 1-HP (CrossFit™=−12%, Treadmill=−6%), 2-HP (CrossFit™=−7%, Treadmill=−11%). No trial-dependent differences were observed in any biomarker of oxidative stress. The CrossFit™ bout elicited an acute blood oxidative stress response comparable to a traditional bout of high-intensity treadmill running. Results also confirm that exercise intensity and the time course of exercise recovery influence oxidative responses.
Amplification of Enantioselectivity on Solid Surfaces Using Nonchiral Adsorbates

The amplification of enantioselectivity during the adsorption of chiral molecules on solid surfaces by using nonchiral agents was demonstrated for the case of Pt(111) seeded with a small amount of enantiopure propylene oxide and then dosed with propylene as the amplifier. Chiral chemical titration and isothermal kinetic adsorption experiments using collimated effusive molecular beams indicated the possibility of reaching enantioselectivity excesses of over 60% this way. Monte Carlo simulations provided a kinetic explanation for this effect in terms of both an adsorbate-assisted adsorption process and a bias in the chiral configuration the propylene molecules are driven to upon adsorption on the surface.
Neural control of gastric mucosal blood flow in the rat.

This study was designed to determine (1) whether sympathetic nerve stimulation reduces gastric mucosal blood flow through the opening of submucosal arteriovenous anastomoses (“shunts”); and (2) whether parasympathetic nerve stimulation increases gastric mucosal blood flow through a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle as well as through metabolic factors secondary to increased acid secretion. An in vivo microscopy technique for the direct visualization of the rat gastric microcirculation was employed. Stimulation of the splanchnic nerve for 3 min caused an initial constriction of submucosal arterioles followed by escape (dilation during continued splanchnic stimulation) in all rats. No arteriovenous anastomoses were seen either in the resting state or during nerve stimulation. Mucosal studies with splanchnic stimulation revealed an initial progressive slowing of flow in the capillaries, followed by escape (partial return of flow). There were no significant differences between the times to maximum initial circulatory change in the submucosa and mucosa, and between the times to maximum escape in the submucosa and mucosa. These findings indicate that, in the rat, sympathetic stimulation decreases mucosal blood flow through a constricting effect on the supplying submucosal arterioles and not through the opening of “shunts”. In studies with vagal stimulation, the submucosal arterioles dilated within 10 sec of beginning stimulation in 45 of 51 observations (P
Who makes the rules of globalization? Corporate influence in global and regional trade agreements

In this paper I argue that profit maximizing firms, even though they contribute to social welfare when they compete in the market, may not do so when they influence the political process. In particular, I suggest, through several examples from both the real world and from economic theory, that corporations have played a significant role in the formulation of the rules of the international trading system. They did this in the formation of the WTO, where they were responsible for the expansion to cover both intellectual property and services. And they do this in preferential trading arrangements such as the NAFTA, where they inserted the notorious Chapter 11 and specified rules of origin for automotive products. All of this is quite consistent with economic theory, including the literature on the political economy of trade policy. I also use a simple duopoly model to illustrate a domestic firm's interest in setting rules of origin. The corporate influence on rules need not be bad, but there is no reason why it should be good either, as these examples illustrate.
Improving Credibility of Machine Learner Models in Software Engineering

Given a choice, software project managers frequently prefer traditional methods of making decisions rather than rely on empirical software engineering (empirical/machine learning-based models). One reason for this choice is the perceived lack of credibility associated with these models. To promote better empirical software engineering, a series of experiments are conducted on various NASA datasets to demonstrate the importance of assessing the ease/difficulty of a modeling situation. Each dataset is divided into 3 groups, a training set, and “nice/nasty” neighbor test sets. Using a nearest neighbor approach, “Nice neighbors” align closest to same class training instances. “Nasty neighbors” align to the opposite class training instances. The “Nice,” “Nasty” experiments average 94 and 20 percent accuracy respectively. Another set of experiments show how a 10-fold cross-validation is not sufficient in characterizing a dataset. Finally, a set of metric equations is proposed for improving the credibility assessment of empirical/machine learning models.
Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, 2nd Edition

Edited by Joseph I. Boullata, Pharm.D. and Vincent T. Armenti, M.D., Ph.D., Published Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, 2010. xxvii + 818 p. Price $199.00. This book reviews all aspects of drug-nutrient interactions. The first
Role of Islamic Financial Institutions in Promotion of Pakistan Halal Food Industry

Halal has become a universal sign for quality assurance and standard of living. The world market for halal goods and services is rising into influential energy in the pitch of world commerce and finance. Halal products industry have market share of over US$ 3 trillion annually, and rapid growth is expected in forthcoming years. The aim of this study is to survey the potential and expectations of Pakistani halal food producers, financial institutions, government, NGO’s and advisory services anticipate in promoting Pakistan halal food industry as potential halal food hub. The study suggest that Pakistan have abundant opportunities to unlock new business potentials by catering to the financial assistance, government support and NGOs services to the halal economy stakeholders. This study also explores upon the growth determinants and prospects of the Pakistan halal industry that Islamic finance institutions, government and NGOs offer to hold up businesses in the world halal industry.
Multi-scale simulation of radiation damage accumulation and subsequent hardening in neutron-irradiated α-Fe

A hierarchical methodology is introduced to predict the effects of radiation damage and irradiation conditions on the yield stress and internal stress heterogeneity developments in polycrystalline α-Fe. Simulations of defect accumulation under displacement cascade damage conditions are performed using spatially resolved stochastic cluster dynamics. The resulting void and dislocation loop concentrations and average sizes are then input into a crystal plasticity formulation that accounts for the change in critical resolved shear stress due to the presence of radiation induced defects. The simulated polycrystalline tensile tests show a good match to experimental hardening data over a wide range of irradiation doses. With this capability, stress heterogeneity development and the effect of dose rate on hardening is investigated. The model predicts increased hardening at higher dose rates for low total doses. By contrast, at doses above 10–2 dpa when cascade overlap becomes significant, the model does not predict significantly different hardening for different dose rates. In conclusion, the development of such a model enables simulation of radiation damage accumulation and associated hardening without relying on experimental data as an input under a wide range of irradiation conditions such as dose, dose rate, and temperature.
Topological Exciton Bands in Moiré Heterojunctions.

Moir\'e patterns are common in van der Waals heterostructures and can be used to apply periodic potentials to elementary excitations. We show that the optical absorption spectrum of transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers is profoundly altered by long period moir\'e patterns that introduce twist-angle dependent satellite excitonic peaks. Topological exciton bands with nonzero Chern numbers that support chiral excitonic edge states can be engineered by combining three ingredients: (i) the valley Berry phase induced by electron-hole exchange interactions, (ii) the moir\'e potential, and (iii) the valley Zeeman field.
Bringing in China: Insights for Building Comparative Political Theory

What do comparativists have to gain by reading recent work on China? In this article, I focus specifically on the ways in which scholarship on China can contribute to the task of theory building in...
An Overview of the Changing Landscape of Treatment for Advanced Melanoma.

Melanoma-the deadliest form of skin cancer-leads to thousands of deaths each year. Although melanoma is less common than basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, melanoma is more dangerous because it is more likely to spread to other parts of the body, such as lymph nodes, if not diagnosed and treated early. Data from the National Cancer Institute indicate a steady rise in new cases of melanoma and, unfortunately, a steady rate in the number of deaths through 2013. Ninety percent of melanomas are linked to inadequate sun protection from ultraviolet rays or the tanning habits of young adults. Over the past 5 years, however, there have been a variety of new pharmacologic treatments for advanced melanoma including immunotherapy, targeted agents (BRAF and MEK inhibitors), and oncolytic viral therapy. In this article, we review the current literature on the treatment of melanoma, with a focus on emerging therapies.
Zooming Out, Then Zooming In: Using International Law to Advance Justice

The article shares the struggles and voices of social movement leaders resisting the Conga mining project in the Cajamarca region of Peru. It zooms out to situate those struggles within global legal, socio-political, and economic structural forces, and then zooms back in to describe how students in the Columbia Law School Human Rights Clinic worked to create spaces in the halls of global power where the voices of local leaders would be heard and have impact. The article encourages lawyers and law students to resist the capture of international law and to work collaboratively to restructure global power imbalances, by ensuring that the content, interpretation, and application of international law are defined by the communities and individuals that most strongly feel its consequences. The article was adapted from keynote remarks delivered at the Columbia Society of International Law Faculty Honors Award Reception at Columbia Law School, on April 20, 2016.
Calibration of Thermocouples at Low Temperatures

Scientists and engineers have been confronted with the problem of a low cost, accurate thermometer for low temperatures. The thermocouple is one of the most logical answers. However, conventional thermocouples have inadequate sensitivities at 20°K and below. From previous investigations by the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratories in Leiden, it has been found that dilute alloys of transition metals in Group 1B can have high thermoelectric power near absolute zero and the alloy of gold-2.1 atomic per cent cobalt has been suggested as a practical thermoelement. Consequently, the purpose of this investigation has been to find the sensitivity at temperatures from 4° to 300°K and to study the stability of the thermoelement. An apparatus is required that is capable of maintaining one junction of the thermocouple at a fixed reference temperature (4°, 20°, and 76°K), while allowing the temperature of the other junction to be varied.
The Remodernization of Automation in the Iron and Steel Industries in North America

Abstract This paper discusses the current state of the computerization of the control systems in North American steel mills. The title “remodernization” is appropriate since these mills are now working to recover their once preeminent place as users of computerized control systems. After pioneering the field in the 1960s and very early 70s a series of unfortunate decisions by steel mill management during the remainder of the 19708 and early 80s caused a near halt to the earlier pace of rapid development. This allowed the mills of other nations to assume the mantle of leadership once held on the North American continent. Fortunately, a reappraisal of the situation in recent years has allowed these same companies to reaffirm the necessity of again developing leadership in the field that they had been neglecting in previous years. This paper will recount some of the major new initiatives now occurring. It will particularly visit the area of overall hierarchical control of the complete mill or the steel industry equivalent of computer integrated manufacture. There is general agreement in the industry that such systems represent the ultimate in plant system computerization and the goal toward which most, if not all, companies appear to be ultimately headed.
A Lewis Acidic, π-Conjugated Stibaindole with a Colorimetric Response to Anion Binding at Sb(III)

We describe 1-chloro-2,3-diphenylstibaindole (1-Cl), a Sb(III) heterocycle which exhibits visible-wavelength absorption due to conjugation of the σ*(Sb–Cl) orbital with the π* system of the conjugated backbone. Because the σ*(Sb–Cl) orbital is accessible, stibaindole 1-Cl is a Lewis acid that readily binds halide anions at the site opposite the Sb–Cl bond. This binding induces a “turn-off” colorimetric response due to the suppression of the σ*−π* conjugation in the anion-bound form.
Identification of pre-mRNA Splicing Factors and Analysis of RNA—Protein Interaction

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with identification of pre- messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) splicing factors and analysis of RNA-protein interaction. Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in a large particle termed the “spliceosome,” composed of multiple protein and protein–RNA complexes. Unlike the situation of self-splicing introns, it seems likely that metazoan intron excision and exon ligation are ribonucleic acid (RNA)-catalyzed events, probably involving the U family of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. However, protein factors are clearly required for metazoan pre-mRNA splicing. Genetic systems allow for the identification of many proteins involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The chapter discusses about the pre-mRNA splicing and the role of the polypyrimidine tract. The chapter also explains concepts related to analysis of RNA binding proteins by UV cross-linking. Analysis of protein–RNA interaction by fluorescence spectroscopy is also discussed. The chapter also discuses about the analysis of pre-mRNA splicing complexes and identification of associated factors by UV cross-linking. Gel filtration of splicing complexes is elaborated in depth. The chapter also discusses about the identification of RNA binding proteins by a complementary DNAs (cDNA) expression library screen.
Rewriting Critical Pedagogy for Public Schools: Technological Possibilities

Critical pedagogy has been a powerful and persistent force in academia, informing dissertations, courses, and research. Despite this impact on higher education, critical pedagogy has not had similar success in public schools, even though these institutions host large numbers of marginalized students. One reason for this lack of influence in public schools is that the space of schooling is not particularly receptive to the ambitions and priorities of critical pedagogy. In this article, we build on the claim that there is a poor fit between public schools and critical pedagogy by laying out an argument for improving this fit by extending critical pedagogy. This extension can lead to the creation of new school spaces—spaces of difference—that will provide a more conducive environment to use critical pedagogy. To do this, we take the unconventional position that critical pedagogy be used with technology to create spaces of difference that will further opportunities for marginalized students and their ability to “name the world.” An in-depth consideration of these spaces of difference and their relation to critical pedagogy is presented to reveal how it can lead to forms of critical learning to address the needs of all students, including those most marginalized as they move through public schools.
Influence of Oligonucleotides of Known Composition on Rates of DNA Synthesis in Pneumococci

For some time, we have been interested in the ability of virulent strains of pneumococci and streptococci to synthesize DNA in excess of their normal content in resting cell suspensions provided that a mixture of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and a substrate pool of deoxyribonucleosides and -tides is present (Firshein, 1961; Firshein and Zimmermann, 1964). In the case of pneumococci, this excess DNA has been shown to be genetically competent (Firshein, 1965). Comparable stimulatory effects are not produced in cell suspensions of avirulent strains of these genera. Experimental evidence has indicated that the oligodeoxyribonucleotides (derived from a variety of deoxyribonuclease treated DNAs) induce the synthesis of high levels of two deoxyribonucleotide kinases (deoxy-cytidylate and deoxyguanylate) which are present in very low amounts in unsupplemented cell suspensions. The two remaining kinases (deoxyadenylate and thymidylate), which are present in sufficient amounts throughout the incubation period, are unaffected by the supplementation of cell suspensions with oligodeoxyribonucleotides. The net result of this apparent induction is an increase in the intracellular pool of all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates required for DNA synthesis (Firshein, 1965).
Stigma perception: social comparison among mentally retarded persons.

Two studies were conducted in order to determine whether a group concept problem (i.e., relatively unfavorable opinions of other retarded persons; Gibbons, 1981): (a) includes retarded persons' perceptions of their peers' social desirability, such as dating appeal and physical attractiveness; (b) occurs among persons living in community settings; and (c) differs by sex. Results provided affirmative answers for all questions and indicated that the problem is most severe among community women. In addition, there was evidence of self-derogation among both community-based and institutionalized retarded persons in terms of social success (e.g., dating behavior). I suggested that this type of person perception may be interfering with retarded persons' social behavior and their adjustment to community-based and institutional environments.
On Integration of the Verbal and Motor Domains

Investigators of memory for movement believe, or often appear to believe, that verbal memory and motor memory are governed by one set of laws. Concepts and variables of verbal memory are freely applied in experiments on the retention of movement. The three ways that qualitatively different phenomena, like verbal and motor behavior, are integrated in science are examined. They are: Reductionism, widening the scope of theoretical laws, and integration of domains. The integration of domains, where boundaries between dissimilar facts and variables disappear as similarities and principles are found that erase them, is seen as a stronger determiner of scientific activity than the other two ways of integrating qualitatively different phenomena. The conclusion is that verbal memory and motor memory cannot be assumed the same a priori , but that unification, if it ever happens, will come when similarities of knowledge in the domains are perceived. Similarities, if they exist, will become apparent when the level of knowledge in each domain is sufficiently mature. A mature level for the domain of motor retention will come from concentrating retention research on variables and concepts that are significant for motor behavior.
The long-lasting neurobiological scars of early-life stress: Implications for the neurobiology of depression

Abstract Decades of research have led to the inexorable conclusion that early life stress (ELS) in a variety of forms plays an undeniable role in the vulnerability, development, course, and treatment outcome of depression. Our understanding of how ELS impacts its victims across the domains of the endocrine system, epigenetics, inflammation, gene-environment interactions, neuroanatomy, and neurotransmitter systems has been quite remarkable. This is a review of the epidemiology of ELS and its significant impact on the global population. Recent imaging studies suggest unique neuroanatomical and neurophysiological consequences in the pathology of different forms of ELS. EEG findings have showed significant associations between ELS and certain changes in brain regions.
Issues in Assessing Conceptual Understanding in Probability and Statistics

Research has shown that adults have intuitions about probability and statistics that, in many cases, are at odds with accepted theory. The existence of these strongly-held ideas may explain, in part, why learning probability and statistics is especially problematic. One objective of introductory instruction ought to be to help students replace these informal conceptions with more normative ones. Based on this research, items are currently being developed to assess conceptual understanding before and after instruction.
A divided movement: urban activists, NGOs, and the fault-lines of a peasant struggle

Contemporary rural social movements in South Asia are increasingly dependent on NGOs and urban civil society networks to expand their local struggle to the national and even international levels. T...
Evaluating the Impact of Interruptive Alerts within a Health System: Use, Response Time, and Cumulative Time Burden.

Background Health systems often employ interruptive alerts through the electronic health record to improve patient care. However, concerns of “alert fatigue” have been raised, highlighting the importance of understanding the time burden and impact of these alerts on providers. Objectives Our main objective was to determine the total time providers spent on interruptive alerts in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Our secondary objectives were to analyze dwell time for individual alerts and examine both provider and alert-related factors associated with dwell time variance. Methods We retrospectively evaluated use and response to the 75 most common interruptive (“popup”) alerts between June 1st, 2015 and November 1st, 2016 in a large academic health care system. Alert “dwell time” was calculated as the time between the alert appearing on a provider's screen until it was closed. The total number of alerts and dwell times per provider per month was calculated for inpatient and outpatient alerts and compared across alert type. Results The median number of alerts seen by a provider was 12 per month (IQR 4–34). Overall, 67% of inpatient and 39% of outpatient alerts were closed in under 3 seconds. Alerts related to patient safety and those requiring more than a single click to proceed had significantly longer median dwell times of 5.2 and 6.7 seconds, respectively. The median total monthly time spent by providers viewing alerts was 49 seconds on inpatient alerts and 28 seconds on outpatient alerts. Conclusion Most alerts were closed in under 3 seconds and a provider's total time spent on alerts was less than 1 min/mo. Alert fatigue may lie in their interruptive and noncritical nature rather than time burden. Monitoring alert interaction time can function as a valuable metric to assess the impact of alerts on workflow and potentially identify routinely ignored alerts.
Neutron-Induced Radiation Damage in LYSO, BaF 2 , and PWO Crystals

One crucial issue for the application of scintillation crystals in future high-energy physics experiments is radiation damage in a severe radiation environment, such as the high luminosity large hadron collider. While radiation damage induced by ionization dose in inorganic scintillators is well understood, investigations are ongoing to understand radiation damage induced by hadrons, including both charged hadrons and neutrons. Aiming at understanding neutron-induced radiation damage in fast inorganic scintillators, lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO)/lutetium fine silicate (LFS), BaF2, and PWO crystals were irradiated at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center by a combination of particles, including neutrons, protons, and $\gamma $ -rays. The results indicate that LYSO/LFS and BaF2 crystal plates are radiation hard up to a 1-MeV equivalent neutrons fluence of $9 \times 10^{15}$ equivalent neutron (neq)/cm2, but not PWO, and the neutron-induced radiation damage in LYSO crystals is a factor of ten less than protons.
Mothers' distancing language relates to young children's math and literacy skills.

Abstract Parents’ distancing language—language that requires cognitive abstraction and moves beyond the “here and now”—relates to children’s literacy skills, but its association with mathematics remains unexamined. Participants were 242 mother–child dyads from African American, Chinese American, Dominican American, and Mexican American backgrounds. Mothers’ distancing language was examined while mothers shared a wordless book with their 5-year-olds; children’s math and literacy skills were assessed when children were 5.0 and 6.5 years of age. Mothers’ distancing language, but not amount of language (word tokens), related to children’s concurrent math and literacy skills. Mothers’ distancing language predicted growth in children’s literacy skills over time and related to later math indirectly through associations with early math. The importance of distancing language for cognitive growth may have implications for parenting and classroom practice.
Does Diaphragm Pacing for Bilateral Phrenic Nerve Paralysis Improve Function or Quality of Life

Bilateral phrenic nerve paralysis leading to diaphragm paralysis causes significant pulmonary morbidity in patients. Diaphragm pacing (DP) was developed to overcome this problem and provide natural negative pressure ventilation. In spinal cord injured patients dependent on mechanical ventilation, there is strong evidence in the literature to support the use of DP to wean these patients off of mechanical ventilation. Recent evidence supports early implantation which can improve results, decrease intensive care unit time, decrease the morbidity of ventilator associated pneumonias, and decrease early mortality.
Adopting Real-world Learning Opportunities in Fashion Design Pedagogy for Undergraduate Students

The purpose of the study was to deepen the understanding of student learning through a course project that integrated real-world sustainability challenges in an undergraduate apparel design course. Real-world learning opportunities help students gain hands-on experience to link knowledge to action for sustainability. By collaborating with two notable fashion companies in the United States, the project aimed to bridge the gap between theoretical learning gained in the classroom with sustainable challenges the industry is currently facing, such as designing for repairability or pattern efficiency, researching efficient methods of sampling, and sustainably purging obsolete or mutilated samples. Finally, students learned about critical issues in fashion sustainability and enhanced their research abilities to provide solutions for the fashion industry.
Medicine and war.

Michael Gross's essay, "Bioethics and Armed Conflict: Mapping the Moral Dimensions of War and Medicine," is surely meant to provoke. In the wake of criticisms that American military physicians subordinated their ethical obligations to detained combatants at the behest of interrogators, Gross urges that in war the "interests of state and political community ... may outweigh the considerations of patients' welfare." Indeed, the foil for Gross's argument is the World Medical Association's resolution, passed in 1982 and reaffirmed in October 2004, that medical ethics during armed conflict are identical to those in peacetime. The core of Gross's argument is that during war, the principles of dignity, autonomy, and protection of life must be balanced against the principle of utility, which justifies war as a means of protecting the welfare of the nation-state and the community it represents. Although utility does not always trump other values, Gross recognizes that it may "run roughshod" over them. Moreover, Gross finds no grounds to exempt physicians from weighing these competing principles in decisions ranging from offering medical aid to a wounded soldier to participating in the development of chemical weapons. Rather, he says, in times of war, "every citizen, regardless of profession, has the same obligation to weigh reason of state and evaluate humanitarian principles." He therefore concludes that medicine in armed conflict poses difficult dilemmas for physicians. We could debate Gross's proposition; adherence to traditional ethical rules may be essential to enable physicians to perform their core function. But more critical questions lurk beneath the surface: first, how to ground decisions when state demands conflict with traditional physician obligations, and second, how to protect physicians from being placed in an untenable position when subjected to these demands. Though the conflicts arise in civilian as well as in military life, (1) they receive far too little attention in the field. Consider how physicians judge when to lend "their expertise to the prosecution of war, rather than simply to relieve the suffering it causes." Which principle should prevail, and under which circumstances? In most cases, the answer is reasonably clear, since armed conflict is governed by well-accept ed principles of human rights and humanitarian law. For example, the Geneva Conventions prohibit the deliberate targeting of civilians and protect medical care for noncombatants, regardless of state interest. …
Novel blood coagulation molecules: Skeletal muscle myosin and cardiac myosin.

Two striated muscle myosins, namely skeletal muscle myosin (SkM) and cardiac myosin (CM), may potentially contribute to physiologic mechanisms for regulation of thrombosis and hemostasis. Thrombin is generated from activation of prothrombin by the prothrombinase (IIase) complex comprising factor Xa, factor Va, and Ca++ ions located on surfaces where these factors are assembled. We discovered that SkM and CM, which are abundant motor proteins in skeletal and cardiac muscles, can provide a surface for thrombin generation by the prothrombinase complex without any apparent requirement for phosphatidylserine or lipids. These myosins can also provide a surface that supports the inactivation of factor Va by activated protein C/protein S, resulting in negative feedback downregulation of thrombin generation. Although the physiologic significance of these reactions remains to be established for humans, substantive insights may be gleaned from murine studies. In mice, exogenously infused SkM and CM can promote hemostasis as they are capable of reducing tail cut bleeding. In a murine myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model, exogenously infused CM exacerbates myocardial infarction damage. Studies of human plasmas show that SkM antigen isoforms of different MWs circulate in human plasma, and they can be used to identify three plasma SkM phenotypes. A pilot clinical study showed that one SkM isoform pattern appeared to be linked to isolated pulmonary embolism. These discoveries enable multiple preclinical and clinical studies of SkM and CM, which should provide novel mechanistic insights with potential translational relevance for the roles of CM and SkM in the pathobiology of hemostasis and thrombosis.