cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Economic Analysis of a Nuclear Reactor Powered High-Temperature Electrolysis Hydrogen Production Plant

A reference design for a commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) plant for hydrogen production was developed to provide a basis for comparing the HTE concept with other hydrogen production concepts. The reference plant design is driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear reactor coupled to a direct Brayton power cycle. The reference design reactor power is 600 MWt , with a primary system pressure of 7.0 MPa, and reactor inlet and outlet fluid temperatures of 540°C and 900°C, respectively. The electrolysis unit used to produce hydrogen includes 4,009,177 cells with a per-cell active area of 225 cm2 . The optimized design for the reference hydrogen production plant operates at a system pressure of 5.0 MPa, and utilizes an air-sweep system to remove the excess oxygen that is evolved on the anode (oxygen) side of the electrolyzer. The inlet air for the air-sweep system is compressed to the system operating pressure of 5.0 MPa in a four-stage compressor with intercooling. The alternating-current (AC) to direct-current (DC) conversion efficiency is 96%. The overall system thermal-to-hydrogen production efficiency (based on the lower heating value of the produced hydrogen) is 47.1% at a hydrogen production rate of 2.356 kg/s. An economic analysis of this plant was performed using the standardized H2A Analysis Methodology developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program, and using realistic financial and cost estimating assumptions. The results of the economic analysis demonstrated that the HTE hydrogen production plant driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear power plant can deliver hydrogen at a competitive cost. A cost of $3.23/kg of hydrogen was calculated assuming an internal rate of return of 10%.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Stress-induced decrease of the afternoon prolactin surge the influence of the adrenal gland☆

Blood sampling initiated during the afternoon in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats resulted in a suppression of the prolactin (PRL) surge. The administration of 2.5 micrograms or 25 micrograms of corticosterone (B) immediately after the first blood sample did not alter the course of the PRL suppression. Plasma B levels of adrenal intact controls were not acutely altered by blood sampling and the normal afternoon increase was evident. Similar treatment of adrenalectomized rats resulted in a similar pattern of PRL suppression. The data indicated that adrenal secretions were not responsible for the decrease in plasma PRL induced by blood sampling initiated in the afternoon.
Academic Procrastination in STEM: Interactive Effects of Stereotype Threat and Achievement Goals

A host of academic outcomes have been investigated as consequences of stereotype threat for women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), including attrition and decreased academic performance. However, the role of a potentially important precursor to these negative outcomes—academic procrastination—remains unclear. The present research sought to address this issue. University students (N = 223) enrolled in biology, chemistry, physics, and psychology courses participated in the study. Mastery approach, mastery avoidance, and performance avoidance achievement goals were hypothesized to moderate the effect of stereotype threat on academic procrastination. Results indicated significant interactions for women but not for men; however, interactions were not in the hypothesized direction for the avoidance goal moderators. Mastery approach goals exerted a significant buffering effect on the stereotype threat–academic procrastination relationship, but, contrary to prediction, both mastery avoidance and performance avoidance goals exerted a significant buffering effect. Implications for career-related outcomes among women in STEM are discussed.
The Prophet/sup TM/ risk management tool set

Raytheon has developed a powerful risk management tool set, named Prophet/sup TM/, which has proven highly successful in managing several programs, and is now being deployed throughout Raytheon. This paper describes Prophet/sup TM/ features, the processes it supports, and the concepts behind them. Features include user-friendly input screens, roll-up risk factors, automated risk reduction charts, expected cost impact analysis, assessment history and rationale tracking, process productivity aides, tailorability features to suit a broad assortment of programs, integration with master planning and scheduling, tracking of technical performance measures, and risk metrics for technical trade studies.
World wide failures

The one issue that unites almost all approaches to distributed computing is the need to know whether certain components in the system have failed or are otherwise unavailable. When designing and building systems that need to function at a global scale, failure management needs to be considered a fundamental building block. This paper describes the development of a system-independent failure management service, which allows systems and applications to incorporate accurate detection of failed processes, nodes and networks, without the need for making compromises in their particular design.
Polyhydric alcohol production by osmophilic yeasts: studies with C14-labeled glucose.

D-Glucose was dissimilated aerobically by a strain of osmophilic yeast producing glycerol, D-arabitol, ethanol, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of succinic acid. Glucose-1-C14 gave glycerol labe...
Chronic fluid flow is an environmental modifier of renal epithelial function.

Although solitary or sensory cilia are present in most cells of the body and their existence has been known since the sixties, very little is been known about their functions. One suspected function is fluid flow sensing- physical bending of cilia produces an influx of Ca++, which can then result in a variety of activated signaling pathways. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a progressive disease, typically appearing in the 5th decade of life and is one of the most common monogenetic inherited human diseases, affecting approximately 600,000 people in the United States. Because ADPKD is a slowly progressing disease, I asked how fluid flow may act, via the primary cilium, to alter epithelial physiology during the course of cell turnover. I performed an experiment to determine under what conditions fluid flow can result in a change of function of renal epithelial tissue. A wildtype epithelial cell line derived the cortical collecting duct of a heterozygous offspring of the Immortomouse (Charles River Laboratory) was selected as our model system. Gentle orbital shaking was used to induce physiologically relevant fluid flow, and periodic measurements of the transepithelial Sodium current were performed. At the conclusion of the experiment, mechanosensitive proteins of interest were visualized by immunostaining. I found that fluid flow, in itself, modifies the transepithelial sodium current, cell proliferation, and the actin cytoskeleton. These results significantly impact the understanding of both the mechanosensation function of primary cilia as well as the understanding of ADPKD disease progression.
ALLGROVE (TRIPLE-A) SYNDROME IN PUERTO RICAN KINDREDS MAPS TO CHROMOSOME 12(12q13). † 630

Allgrove syndrome (AS), also known as “triple-A syndrome”, is a rare cause of congenital adrenal insufficiency. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is associated with achalasia, alacrima and other neurologic defects. The disease was recently linked to chromosome 12q13 in consanguineous families of European ancestry. In the present study, we investigated 4 nonconsanguineous families with documented inheritance of AS for linkage with the reported 12q13 locus. Eighteen subjects were studied; DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and amplified by PCR with primers from polymorphic sequence tagged sites (STSs) located in the chromosome 12q13 region. Two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) score analysis revealed a maximum LOD score of 1.7 for STSs D12S361 and D12S368, without any recombinants[recombination distance (θ) = 0]. Multipoint linkage analysis defined an area of estimated genetic distance less than 0.5cM (approximately 500,000 base-pairs) between STSs D12S368 and D12S96, that is most likely to contain the AS gene(s). We conclude that in Puerto Rican families with AS, this condition maps to the chromosome 12q13 locus, revealing absence of heterogeneity in a genetically distinct population. Candidate genes in the region include those that code for several of the keratin proteins, transcription factors and others.
Estimating radiation effective doses from whole body computed tomography scans based on U.S. soldier patient height and weight

The purpose of this study is to explore how a patient's height and weight can be used to predict the effective dose to a reference phantom with similar height and weight from a chest abdomen pelvis computed tomography scan when machine-based parameters are unknown. Since machine-based scanning parameters can be misplaced or lost, a predictive model will enable the medical professional to quantify a patient's cumulative radiation dose. One hundred mathematical phantoms of varying heights and weights were defined within an x-ray Monte Carlo based software code in order to calculate organ absorbed doses and effective doses from a chest abdomen pelvis scan. Regression analysis was used to develop an effective dose predictive model. The regression model was experimentally verified using anthropomorphic phantoms and validated against a real patient population. Estimates of the effective doses as calculated by the predictive model were within 10% of the estimates of the effective doses using experimentally measured absorbed doses within the anthropomorphic phantoms. Comparisons of the patient population effective doses show that the predictive model is within 33% of current methods of estimating effective dose using machine-based parameters. A patient's height and weight can be used to estimate the effective dose from a chest abdomen pelvis computed tomography scan. The presented predictive model can be used interchangeably with current effective dose estimating techniques that rely on computed tomography machine-based techniques.
Comparison of the self-adjusting file with rotary and hand instrumentation in long-oval-shaped root canals.

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the root canal debridement ability of the self-adjusting file (SAF) with ProFile rotary (PF) and hand filing (HF) instrumentation in long-oval–shaped canals. Methods Extracted human teeth (n = 30) were selected on the basis of a root canal ratio of ≥2.5:1 measured 5 mm from the root apex. Each group (n = 10) was matched with regard to the average root canal ratio. Canals were filled with a radiopaque contrast medium (Vitapex) and instrumented by using SAF, PF, or HF with 20 mL of saline irrigation. Teeth receiving irrigation alone served as controls. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were taken and submitted to digital subtraction, and the percentage reduction of contrast medium was quantified at 0–5 mm and >5–10 mm from the apex. Values were compared by using 1-way analysis of variance and unpaired t tests. Results In the 0- to 5-mm segment, the SAF, PF, and HF removed 80.6% ± 14.1%, 84.2% ± 7.7%, and 76.5% ± 10.2% of the contrast medium, respectively (P > .05). In the >5-to 10-mm segment, the SAF, PF, and HF removed 75.5% ± 10.8%, 72.3% ± 12.0%, and 60.9% ± 11.3% of the contrast medium, respectively, with significantly more material removed by SAF compared with HF (P Conclusions All 3 techniques removed contrast medium equally well from the 0-to 5-mm segment of long-oval–shaped canals. The SAF performed significantly better than hand filing in the >5-to 10-mm canal segment.
Preparation and biological reactivity of polyiodinated human growth hormone.

Studies with iodinated human GH (hGH) were undertaken to characterize the iodinated product and to evaluate the possibility that iodination might distort the hGH molecule sufficiently to interfere preferentially with binding to one or more classes of receptors on adipocytes. hGH containing an average of 1.2 atoms of 125I/molecule was subjected to cleavage with cyanogen bromide, and the cleavage products were examined by autoradiography after electrophoresis of the lyophilized reaction mixture on polyacrylamide gel. 125I was found to be distributed in the fragments according to their content of tyrosine, suggesting that there is no single tyrosine residue that is iodinated preferentially. Digestion of the iodinated hormone with pronase followed by paper chromatography revealed that 7.6 times as much iodine appeared as MIT than as DIT, suggesting that the incorporation of 125I into a tyrosine residue had little influence on the incorporation of a second iodine atom. By increasing the molar ratios of iodide ...
Booly: a new data integration platform

Data integration is an escalating problem in bioinformatics. We have developed a web tool and warehousing system, Booly, that features a simple yet flexible data model coupled with the ability to perform powerful comparative analysis, including the use of Boolean logic to merge datasets together, and an integrated aliasing system to decipher differing names of the same gene or protein. Furthermore, Booly features a collaborative sharing system and a public repository so that users can retrieve new datasets while contributors can easily disseminate new content. We illustrate the uses of Booly with several examples including: the versatile creation of homebrew datasets, the integration of heterogeneous data to identify genes useful for comparing avian and mammalian brain architecture, and generation of a list of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs with possible alternative disease targets. The Booly paradigm for data storage and analysis should facilitate integration between disparate biological and medical fields and result in novel discoveries that can then be validated experimentally. Booly can be accessed at http://booly.ucsd.edu .
Film persistency of new high-temperature water-based batch corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas wells

Water-based corrosion inhibitors, in addition to providing improved performance, offer several other advantages over oil-based corrosion inhibitors, such as better water-partitioning characteristics, high flash points, and higher reportable quantities if a spill occurs. We have found in several instances that new water-based corrosion inhibitor products provide longer treatment lives and better protection than similar inhibitors in oil-based formulations. Corrosion inhibition in high-temperature (HT) oil and gas wells has been frequently accomplished using oil-based corrosion inhibitors. This paper presents some earlier laboratory work and field performance data on new water-based corrosion inhibitors relative to conventional oil-based HT corrosion inhibitors. A laboratory investigation using white light interferometry is also presented on the film thickness and uniformity measurements of corrosion inhibitor films. This information is compared with field performance of the corrosion inhibitor.
A modern experience with saccular aortic aneurysms

Objective Repair of saccular aortic aneurysms (SAAs) is frequently recommended based on a perceived predisposition to rupture, despite little evidence that these aneurysms have a more malignant natural history than fusiform aortic aneurysms. Methods The radiology database at a single university hospital was searched for the computed tomographic (CT) diagnosis of SAA between 2003 and 2011. Patient characteristics and clinical course, including the need for surgical intervention, were recorded. SAA evolution was assessed by follow-up CT, where available. Multivariate analysis was used to examine potential predictors of aneurysm growth rate. Results Three hundred twenty-two saccular aortic aneurysms were identified in 284 patients. There were 153 (53.7%) men and 131 women with a mean age of 73.5 ± 10.0 years. SAAs were located in the ascending aorta in two (0.6%) cases, the aortic arch in 23 (7.1%), the descending thoracic aorta in 219 (68.1%), and the abdominal aorta in 78 (24.2%). One hundred thirteen (39.8%) patients underwent surgical repair of SAA. Sixty-two patients (54.9%) underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair, 22 underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (19.5%), and 29 (25.6%) required open surgery. The average maximum diameter of SAA was 5.0 ± 1.6 cm. In repaired aneurysms, the mean diameter was 5.4 ± 1.4 cm; in unrepaired aneurysms, it was 4.4 ± 1.1 cm ( P R 2 = .19 by linear regression, P = .09 by multivariate regression). Decreased calcium burden ( P = .03) and increased patient age ( P = .05) predicted increased aneurysm growth by multivariate analysis. Conclusions While SAA were not found to have a higher growth rate than their fusiform counterparts, both clinical and radiologic follow-up is necessary, as a significant number ultimately require surgical intervention. Further clinical research is necessary to determine the optimal management of SAA.
Investigation of the charge-transfer in photo-excited nanoparticles for CO2 reduction in non-aqueous media

Photo-induced charge separation in TiO2 and Cu2O semiconductor nanoparticles was examined using electron paramagnetic resonance spectros- copy in order to obtain insight into the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in non- aqueous media. For dissolution/grafting of CO2, carboxy-PEG4-amine was used with poly(ethylene glycol) 200 as the solvent. It was found that the reduction of CO2 in this system starts at a potential of -0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is significantly more positive than the potential for electrochemical reduction of CO2 in most organic solvents and water (-2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The electron transfer from excited nanoparticles to CO2 is governed by both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, namely by the redox potential of conduction band electrons and adsorption/binding of CO2 on the surface of the nanoparticles.
Analytical Modeling of Magnetic and Gravity Signatures of Unexploded Ordnance

The dominant cost and time driver in unexploded ordnance (UXO) cleanup is the necessity of digging (excavating) “false alarm” geophysical anomalies. As many as 75% of all the anomalies investigated are false alarms, e.g., scrap metal, ordnance debris, cans, wire, etc. The effort to develop capability to discriminate UXO anomalies from false alarm anomalies is a driver for the development of geophysical model-based signature modeling. The signature modeling is important for forward signature prediction and ultimately for geophysical inversion of buried object parameters from measured data. Researchers are actively developing forward and inverse modeling capability for time-domain and frequency-domain electromagnetic induction, ground penetrating radar, magnetic, and gravity anomaly signatures for realistic UXO shapes. This paper documents progress in developing forward gravity and total magnetic field analytical solutions. Gravity and magnetic methods are passive and share similarity in mathematical formal...
Clinical Approach to the Compromised Host with Fever and Pulmonary Infiltrates

The immunocompromised patient in whom fever and pneumonitis develop presents a formidable challenge to the clinician. On one hand, a legion of microbial invaders, ranging from common viral and bacterial pathogens to exotic fungal and protozoan agents, have been reported to cause pulmonary infection in these patients. 1-8 On the other hand, noninfectious causes of pulmonary inflammation—radiation lung injury, drug reactions, the underlying neoplasm, pulmonary embolic disease, leukoagglutinin transfusion reactions, pulmonary hemorrhage, atypical pulmonary edema, and alveolar proteinosis— may present a clinical picture similar to that produced by infection (i.e., the febrile pneumonitis syndrome).2,3,5,9-11
Pacific Ocean Heat Content During the Past 10,000 Years

Observed increases in ocean heat content (OHC) and temperature are robust indicators of global warming during the past several decades. We used high-resolution proxy records from sediment cores to extend these observations in the Pacific 10,000 years beyond the instrumental record. We show that water masses linked to North Pacific and Antarctic intermediate waters were warmer by 2.1 ± 0.4°C and 1.5 ± 0.4°C, respectively, during the middle Holocene Thermal Maximum than over the past century. Both water masses were ~0.9°C warmer during the Medieval Warm period than during the Little Ice Age and ~0.65° warmer than in recent decades. Although documented changes in global surface temperatures during the Holocene and Common era are relatively small, the concomitant changes in OHC are large.
THE DILEMMA OF SAUSSUREAN COMMUNICATION

A Saussurean communication system exists when an entire communicating population uses a single 'language' that maps states unambiguously onto symbols and then back into the original states. This paper describes a number of simulations performed with a genetic algorithm to investigate the conditions necessary for such communication systems to evolve. The first simulation shows that Saussurean communication evolves in the simple case where direct selective pressure is placed on individuals to be both good transmitters and good receivers. The second simulation demonstrates that, in the more realistic case where selective pressure is only placed on doing well as a receiver, Saussurean communication fails to evolve. Two methods, inspired by research on the Prisoner's Dilemma, are used to attempt to solve this problem. The third simulation shows that, even in the absence of selective pressure on transmission, Saussurean communication can evolve if individuals interact multiple times with the same communication partner and are given the ability to respond differentially based on past interaction. In the fourth simulation, spatially organized populations are used, and it is shown that this allows Saussurean communication to evolve through kin selection.
OVERNIGHT PERFORMANCE DECREMENT WITH INTRACRANIAL REINFORCEMENT.

Summasy.-An overnight performance decrement is allegedly characteristic of habits maintained by inrracranial electrical stimulation. The decrement was here found to be (a) not common to all electrode sites. (b) reduced by one unreinforced trial, and (c) reduced by intracranial stimulation administered below a rewarding intensity. The electrode sites nor associated with performance decrement were in the median forebrain bundle (MFB). Those associated with decrement were somewhat removed from the MFB, at sites other experiments have shown to be both positively and negatively reinforcing. These findings are discussed in relation to Deutsch's theory of simultaneous drive-induction and reinforcement Animals reinforced with intracranial stimulation (ICS) are commonly found to exhibit conspic~io~is performance decrements overnight or even over briefer periods of non-reinforcement (Olds, 1959). Deutsch (1960; Deutsch & Howarth, 1963) has form~ilated a structural theory of behavior which includes a unique explanation for this phenomenon. He proposed that the brain stimulation activates two neural pzthways, one specific to motivation and the other to reinforcemenc. The electrical stimulus reinforces the animal's response and simulcaneously excites a "central motivational state" or desire for further stimulation. This central motivational state, however, decays rapidly when stimulation is discontinued, hence the performance decrement is a direct function of time since the last electrical stimulus. As support for this contention, Howarth and Deutsch ( 1962) were able to demonstrate thac the number of unreinforced lever presses a rat would emit during extinction was inversely related to the elapsed time from the last brain stimulation and not to unrewarded responding per se. However, in testing some further implications of the theory, Pliskoff and Hawkins (1963) found thac time since last reinforcemenc was not the sole determiner of resistance to extinction; pre-excinccion training was also important. Two preliminary observations in our laboratory also appear to contradict Deutsch's drive-decay hypothesis. While training rats to make brightness discrimination in a T-maze for ICS, we observed that (a) some Ss showed no overnight performance decrement and (b) some Ss which did show an overnight decrement nonetheless reduced the latency on their second trial even though they might run to the non-reinforced side on the first trial of a day's session. The fol
Expectations and escalation.

Autonomy and escalation are words that are addressed in the May issue of Annals of Surgery. As we approach a new year of training for surgical residents, the expectations for autonomy and escalation weigh heavily on trainees and faculty members. Autonomy is expected by the trainees whereas faculty members are constantly trying to provide it. Autonomy is described and perceived in many different ways, but our training programs embrace it as opportunities for progressive graduated responsibilities. Our current training model is often considered deficit in allowing this to happen. The reasons given are many and adequately listed by Sandhu et al. I acknowledge that satisfying trainee and faculty perception of autonomy is difficult. Although external forces are a concern, we must develop a training paradigm that honestly addresses autonomy and helps resident and faculty members navigate the treacherous waters. The degree of autonomy is a common discussion especially among our chief residents. How much is expected? How much is given? How much is deserved? It is just as common a discussion among junior residents, although the urgency maybe less. The answers for all trainees are not obvious, especially as the health care landscape continues to change. Autonomy is really about the length of rope that a given resident is allowed by a given teacher before they are expected to ask for assistance. All faculty members have ropes. None are exactly the same length, and many teachers have different lengths for different levels of residents or even just different residents. Our goal as teachers must be to use appropriate rope lengths that support a degree of autonomy without stifling its development. At the same time, we must continue to function as a patient advocate ensuring safe and effective care. Safe and effective care while allowing autonomous activity of our trainees is a delicate balance. Part of the balance is establishing expectations for our residents about when they need to escalate a problem to a higher level of knowledge or experience. Explicit expectations and escalation can help develop autonomy. Setting the expectations is the act of giving instructions to our trainees. These are no more than guidelines for their behavior on the rotation. It is doubtful that every small detail of any rotation can be covered, but it is probable that the classic 80/20 rule exists: expectations can cover at least
Improving local search with neural network in image registration with the hybrid evolutionary algorithm

Image registration is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem of finding an affine transformation minimizing the difference between images. A particular scheme of the hybrid evolutionary algorithm is used to solve the problem. The reproduction phase of the algorithm is enhanced with a two-phase operation of local search and correction performed on the subset of the best chromosomes in the reproduction pool. In order to reduce the computational cost of the correction, a mechanism of the adaptive control of the local search is designed, based on a micro model of the local image response. The mechanism correlates the step size of the search with the local properties of the gray level surface at different points of an image. To reduce the number of evaluations of the local image response required by the control mechanism, all participating image points are evaluated and classified at once in the preprocessing stage. A self-organizing neural network is employed to classify different points according to their response values, and to build an adaptive, compact response map of the entire image. During the execution of the main algorithm, this map is used as a lookup table, to retrieve the appropriate response values for the points participating in the local search.
Financial Theory Foundations

Financial theory seeks to explain how buyers and sellers in financial markets price contracts to exchange money across time and across risk profiles. Using rules of agent behavior, theory generates financial models that attempt to predict the fair prices of the securities in financial markets. To make the models simple enough to be used in practice, theorists make simplifying assumptions about the characteristics of markets and market participants. The simplifying assumptions used to model agent behavior are hotly debated among theorists and practitioners. The argument is made that the practical use of the models only proves helpful to the extent that the simplifying assumptions upon which the models are built represent close approximations of market reality. This note reviews the simplifying assumptions that form the basis of classical finance models.
Two states provide models for newspaper preservation

This article proposes digitization partnerships in Texas and Wisconsin as models for other states trying to preserve newspaper archives. The Texas Digital Newspaper Program is the hub of newspaper digitization and preservation in Texas. In Wisconsin all residents can access every issue of more than 200 Wisconsin newspapers published since 2005.
Tim Bartness (1953-2015).

tim bartness died on September 24, 2015 at his home in Atlanta after a year-long battle with multiple myeloma. He was 62 years old. Tim was a superbly innovative and imaginative scientist. Over the course of his distinguished career he applied a broad understanding of metabolic physiology, behavior
WAVE DIRECTION COMPUTATIONS WITH THREE GAGE ARRAYS

Wave direction is an important parameter in the solution of many coastal engineering problems such as the estimation of sediment transport and the response of coastal structures. Wave-gage arrays are among the most widely proposed systems for measuring wave direction. In late March 1970, the U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) installed an array of five pressure sensors off the California coast. Figure 1 gives the location of the array, its geometry and dimensions. The water depth at the site was approximately 9.14 meters (30 feet) and the gages were positioned .76 meters (2.5 feet) from the bottom. One use for the array data would be to compare redundant values of wave direction and estimate the level of accuracy of the computations. Redundant values of direction were obtained from the ten three-gage arrays possible with five gages. Three-gage arrays offer some advantages over arrays involving a larger number of gages and have been proposed by many investigators. An obvious advantage involves economics. Non-linear arrays offer the advantage over linear arrays that straight forward mathematical expressions can be derived for the unambigous computation of direction. These expressions involve the phase differences between gage pairs for the waves present, no recourse to two-dimensional spectral analysis is necessary. However, it is necessary to assume long and relatively straight crested waves, traveling in well determined directions, and geometrically stationary over the array. The first two assumptions are supported by high altitude aerial photographs, Figure 2 and, by radar scans of the wave field, Figure 3. Fujinawa (1975) conjectures that narrow directional spread is responsible for the incomplete recovery of the true directional spectrum from field records in his computations using high directional resolution.
Uterine Phosphamidase in Sex Hormone-Treated and Deciduomata-Bearing Ovariectomized Rats.

SummaryThe sites of phosphamidase were localized histochemically and amount of enzyme activity measured quantitatively in the uteri of untreated, estrogen- and progesterone-treated, and deciduomata-bearing ovariectomized rats. Enzyme activity was found in the lumenal and glandular epithelia of the endometria of all the animals studied. In addition, phosphamidase was present in the differentiating stromal cells in the uteri in which the deciduomal response had been elicited. Estrogen in high dosage and progesterone depressed the enzyme activity compared with that in untreated castrates. During the development of deciduomata the enzyme level rose to over 5 times that in animals treated with progesterone but not traumatized.
Some empirical justification for a modest proposal regarding data acquisition via intermittent direct observation

Computer simulations of behavior and event records of a child's visual fixation on an adult person were generated and sampled using a modified time sampling procedure. The modified approach required making two independent scoring judgments per observation interval: if the behavior was initiated within the interval, the interval was scored; if the behavior was ongoing precisely at the end of the interval, the interval was again scored. The results showed that the within-interval and end-of-interval scores yielded, respectively, estimates of behavioral frequency and duration. The accuracy of the estimates was a function of the number of observations. Several field studies demonstrated high agreement among observers who employed the measurement system.
Accelerating Bliss: the geometry of ternary polynomials.

The signature scheme Bliss proposed by Ducas, Durmus, Lepoint and Lyubashevsky at Crypto’13, is currently the most compact and efficient lattice-based signature scheme that is provably secure under lattice assumptions. It does compare favourably with the standardized schemes RSA and ECDSA on both Software and Hardware. In this work, we introduce a new technique that improves the above scheme, offering an acceleration factor up to 2.8, depending on the set of parameters. Namely, we improve the unnatural geometric bound used in Bliss to a tighter and much more natural bound by using some extra degree of freedom: the ternary representations of binary challenges. Precisely, we efficiently choose a ternary representation that makes the result deterministically shorter than the expected length for a random challenges. Our modified scheme Bliss-b is rather close to the original scheme, and both versions are compatible. The patch has been implemented on the Open-Source Software implementation of Bliss, and will be released under similar license.
Management of pain in special populations of cancer patients.

Children, the elderly, AIDS patients, and former narcotic drug abusers pose special problems in pain management that may lead to undermedication even more frequently than occurs in the general population of cancer patients with pain. A multidisciplinary panel of six pain experts with clinical experience in caring for these special groups met in Santa Fe, New Mexico, to discuss assessment methods and pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of pain in these patients. A summary of the roundtable discussion follows.
Neuro-fuzzy based UPQC controller for Power Quality improvement in micro grid system

This paper demonstrates the Power Quality enhancement of grid interactive micro grids. The Power Quality problem is addressed by Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) which provides a cooperative control on voltage harmonics and unbalances in a micro grid. The proposed system presents Power Control strategies by using a single stage converter for a grid connected micro grid system in order to reduce the multiple DC-AC-DC conversions in an individual AC or DC grid. These micro grids with the proposed converter are applied to general renewable energy sources which will lead to maximum utilization of power at environmental free conditions with low losses improving the efficiency of the system. This paper also proposes the concept of neuro-fuzzy controller for frequency tracking and extraction of harmonics in grid voltage and load currents. This system is verified using Matlab/Simulink with the results being satisfactory.
Confinement-Induced Supercriticality and Phase Equilibria of Hydrocarbons in Nanopores

For over a century, the phase behavior of bulk fluids has been described as PVT (pressure–volume–temperature) three-dimensional properties, but it has become increasingly clear that the liquid–vapor phase behavior in confined geometries is significantly altered from the bulk. Efforts have been devoted to accessing confined phase transitions using sorption, molecular simulations, and theoretical methods. However, a comprehensive picture of PVT relationships for confined hydrocarbons remains uncertain. Herein, we introduce d (confining pore diameter) as a fourth dimension, and we present PVT-d behavior of confined fluids in nanopores. For the first time, a T–d phase diagram is presented for n-hexane, n-octane, and n-decane under multiple confinement scales (37.9, 14.8, 9.8, 6.0, 4.1, 3.3, and 2.2 nm cylindrical pore diameter) using experimental differential scanning calorimetry and PVT-d equation of state theory at atmospheric pressure. As pore diameter decreases from 37.9 to 4.1 nm, the bubble point increa...
Reconfigurable antenna using shape memory polymers

This paper reports a novel reconfigurable antenna using Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs), a distinctive type of Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs). The LCE can be used as an antenna substrate to uniformly change the physical structure of the radiating surfaces. Changing the physical parameters of the antenna through LCE allows for a reconfigurable bandwidth, operating frequency, radiation pattern and gain. The multifunctional antenna and the method used for changing the physical antenna parameters is temperature.
Bridging South Africa's economic divide : South Africa

Following the release of the IMF's latest World Economic Outlook, Wits Business School and the National Treasury invited Lipton to present this public lecture at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg on 19 July 2016.
Quality Versus Quantity: Making HDL Great Again.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are characterized by their heterogeneity in composition, structure, and biological properties. In addition to the major structural protein apolipoprotein A1, HDL proteomes and lipidomes show great diversity.1,2 Such constituents presumably carry out the multitude of HDL functions, for example, reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious properties.3 See accompanying article on page 1194 HDL particles can be further fractionated based on their density, size, and electrophoretic mobility.4,5 For instance, sequential ultracentrifugation separates HDL into 2 main subpopulations, namely, lipid-rich large particles named HDL2 and protein-rich small HDL3 populations. These 2 subpopulations present variations in their molecular compositions, which are associated with heterogenous antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activities.4,5 In addition to the structural and functional heterogeneities, HDL particles are dynamically regulated under various physiological and pathological conditions. For example, oxidation of apolipoprotein A1 has been associated with …
A Pragmatic Introduction of Mindfulness in a Continuing Education Setting: Exploring Personal Experience, Bridging to Professional Practice

Context Continuing Medical Education and Continuing Professional Education (CME/CPE) provide a context through which to introduce practicing Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) to emerging mind/body approaches. Objective To introduce mindfulness to practicing HCPs for application in their practice through an experiential CME/CPE session. Design This descriptive study included surveys administered in the context of a CME/CPE session at professional meetings, as well as a three-month follow-up survey. Setting The mindfulness session was administered at 5 state-wide professional CME/CPE meetings throughout Ohio. Participants Participants practicing dieticians, nurses, psychologists, and smoking cessation educators, among others. Intervention: A brief experiential introduction to mindfulness and the potential application within healthcare. Measures These included participant's prior awareness and use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) techniques, and subsequent likelihood of investigating these modalities further for personal and professional use. Results 64.4% of HCPs had used CAM for personal use and 49.3% had used CAM in their clinical practice, while 74.8% of HCPs had been asked by patients about CAM and 84.3% of the HCPs perceived a need for more education on CAM.94.79% of respondents reported likeliness to investigate mindfulness for personal use and 92.58% for professional use. Conclusion A brief mindfulness intervention for HCPs utilizing a CME/CPE mechanism is a feasible and effective way to introduce HCPs to a mind/body therapy such as mindfulness. CME/CPE instruction ensures that the information provided is in line with evidenced based practice and an experiential component of the instruction demonstrates for the HCP an appropriate use of CAM with patients.
Non-Steady-State Factors in Models for Swelling of Oxide Fuels

The steady-state theory of fuel pin swelling in which the majority of fuel pin diametral increase is ascribed to the effects of solid and gaseous fission product swelling of the fuel is in apparent...
Prevalence and risk factors associated with non-attendance in neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic among infants with CHD.

Background Neurodevelopmental impairment is increasingly recognised as a potentially disabling outcome of CHD and formal evaluation is recommended for high-risk patients. However, data are lacking regarding the proportion of eligible children who actually receive neurodevelopmental evaluation, and barriers to follow-up are unclear. We examined the prevalence and risk factors associated with failure to attend neurodevelopmental follow-up clinic after infant cardiac surgery. Methods Survivors of infant (<1 year) cardiac surgery at our institution (4/2011-3/2014) were included. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated in neurodevelopmental clinic attendees and non-attendees in univariate and multivariable analyses. Results A total of 552 patients were included; median age at surgery was 2.4 months, 15% were premature, and 80% had moderate–severe CHD. Only 17% returned for neurodevelopmental evaluation, with a median age of 12.4 months. In univariate analysis, non-attendees were older at surgery, had lower surgical complexity, fewer non-cardiac anomalies, shorter hospital stay, and lived farther from the surgical center. Non-attendee families had lower income, and fewer were college graduates or had private insurance. In multivariable analysis, lack of private insurance remained independently associated with non-attendance (adjusted odds ratio 1.85, p=0.01), with a trend towards significance for distance from surgical center (adjusted odds ratio 2.86, p=0.054 for ⩾200 miles). Conclusions The majority of infants with CHD at high risk for neurodevelopmental dysfunction evaluated in this study are not receiving important neurodevelopmental evaluation. Efforts to remove financial/insurance barriers, increase access to neurodevelopmental clinics, and better delineate other barriers to receipt of neurodevelopmental evaluation are needed.
Roles for Sirtuins in Cardiovascular Biology

Abstract In the industrialized world, cardiovascular (CV) disease exerts major negative impacts on healthy aging and overall longevity. Sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved proteins with significant impacts on cellular homeostasis and stress responses. Recent work utilizing murine genetic models with altered sirtuin levels in conjunction with well-established cardiac disease models has contributed a great deal of new insight into roles different sirtuins play in regulating cardiac pathophysiology. These studies have revealed that sirtuins profoundly affect many of the molecular underpinnings of CV disease, including signaling pathways, gene expression profiles, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death. Elucidating which sirtuins may be harnessed for cardioprotection is of great clinical interest, and the development of drugs to alter sirtuin activity may 1 day provide new therapeutic agents to treat or even prevent CV disease.
Suprarenal Greenfield filter placement to prevent pulmonary embolus in patients with vena caval tumor thrombi.

AbstractThe presence of tumor thrombus secondary to inferior vena cavai extension from renal carcinoma carries the threat of pulmonary tumor embolus. In theory, safe prophylaxis could be accomplished by placement of a Greenfield filter in the suprarenal vena cava, which has been accomplished without complication. We treated 6 patients with renal cell carcinoma and extensive tumor thrombus of the vena cava with suprarenal filter placement as an adjunct to thrombectomy and nephrectomy. Clinically all 6 patients have done well.However, the over-all rate of vena cavai thrombosis or occlusion associated with infrarenal filter placement is 3 to 5%. To investigate the potential risk to renal function if a vena cavai occlusion occurred above a solitary kidney shortly after unilateral nephrectomy, we performed suprarenal inferior vena cavai ligations after unilateral nephrectomy in 10 dogs. A total of 6 dogs suffered persistent loss of renal function and 3 of these 6 died of uremia. Of 4 dogs who underwent suprare...
Enterprise Systems Connection Fiber Optic Link

The information technology (IT) industry has been evolving at a tremendous rate since the advent of computers in the business world in the early 1950s. This “explosion” of IT (formerly data processing) in the commercial world since the late 1980s has been fueled by the following trends: • Desire of business to achieve competitive advantage through the use of IT
Characterizing Forest Floor Fuels Surrounding Large Sugar Pine (Pinus lambertiana) in the Klamath Mountains, California

Fire exclusion has contributed to substantial basal accumulations of forest floor fuels in many historically fire-prone forests in western North America. These accumulations can contribute to undesired impacts (e.g., elevated tree mortality, more smoke production). Thus, managers interested in limiting some of these impacts require a better understanding of the spatial factors contributing to forest floor fuel variation in long-unburned forests. To address this need, we measured the forest floor mound size and depth of each layer at four distances from the tree (base, half, edge, and beyond) in each cardinal direction from the tree, and a subset of density measures for each layer and position around 25 large sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) in the Klamath Mountains of California. Based on our study we found: 1) duff depths were greater than litter depths and both decreased with distance from tree; 2) duff densities were typically greater than litter but were highly variable with distance to tree; 3) litter and duff depths were positively correlated with loading; 4) use of a previously developed depth-to-loading equation performed well, but tended to underestimate litter loading and overestimate duff loading; and 5) tree size was the most strongly related to basal accumulations of forest floor fuels. Our results indicate there are consistent tree characteristics that can help predict the accumulation of forest floor fuels. This research can help provide managers with site-specific equations to inform fuel and fire treatments in areas with substantial basal accumulation in forests with large sugar pine.