cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Semiconductor Laser Tracking Frequency distance Gauge

We present results from the Semiconductor-Laser Tracking Frequency distance Gauge having Allan deviation of 5 pm. The simple and rugged SL-TFG will achieve sub-pm accuracy. It is required for space-based astronomical instruments and gravitational experiments.
Cellular mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noradrenergic modulation of neuronal firing mode in the cat and guinea pig dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

The functional properties, ionic basis, and possible convergence and interaction of postsynaptic actions mediated by muscarinic and alpha 1- adrenergic receptors were examined in cat and guinea pig dorsal lateral geniculate (LGNd) neurons maintained in thalamic slices in vitro. The possible involvement of GTP-binding proteins was also examined. Extracellular recordings from cat LGNd revealed the presence of two subpopulations of neurons. The most prevalent generated rhythmic high- frequency (300–500 Hz) bursts of two to six action potentials each, with an interburst frequency of 1–3 Hz. Intracellular recordings revealed that this activity is typical of thalamocortical relay cells in the apparent absence of neuromodulatory input. Application of ACh or noradrenaline (NA) to rhythmically oscillating neurons in the cat LGNd resulted in cessation of this activity followed by the appearance of single spike firing. Intracellular recordings revealed that this change in firing mode was associated with a depolarization of the neuron out of the range of intrinsic rhythmic oscillation and into or near the single spike firing mode. The voltage characteristics of the current underlying the cholinergic and noradrenergic slow depolarization were investigated in guinea pig LGNd neurons. Application of the muscarinic agonist acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh) to presumed relay neurons resulted in a hyperpolarization due to the activation of an outward K+ current. This response was followed by a slow depolarization due to reduction of a relatively non-voltage-dependent potassium current distinct from IM and IAHP. Application of NA resulted in a slow depolarization that was also associated with reduction of this relatively linear K+ current. The MCh- and NA-induced slow depolarizations displayed the property of occlusion, indicating convergence of action. However, these responses were mediated by pharmacologically distinct receptors since the MCh-induced reduction in K+ current was blocked by scopolamine while that induced by NA was blocked by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. Intracellular diffusion of GTP-gamma-S resulted in the inward current responses to NA and MCh being irreversible, suggesting the possible involvement of a G- protein. Prior exposure to pertussis toxin did not affect the inward current response to NA and MCh, while the outward K+ current responses induced by application of MCh or the GABAB agonist baclofen were blocked. These results reveal that activation of muscarinic or alpha 1- adrenergic postsynaptic receptors in the LGNd result in a shift in firing mode from rhythmic oscillation to tonic single spike activity through a decrease in a relatively linear K+ current mediated through a pertussis toxin-insensitive G-protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Alterations in neurofibrillar rings in the lizard brain during cold acclimation.

Neurofibrils were compared in warm (30 °C) acclimated (H) and cold (6 °C) acclimated (C) lizards (Sceloporus) by reduced silver staining. In H and C sections stained simultaneously by Bodian's protargol method, the neurofibrils: are generally equivalent along the lengths of dendrites and axons, are thicker and fewer in large multipolar neurones in C sections, and are many times more numerous as rings (boutons) in synaptic regions of the C sections. The morphology of the rings in C and H sections is similar, and no indication of abnormal rings or argyrophilic granules indicating degeneration is present. Comparison of rings per unit volume (104μm3) show characteristic ratios for each synaptic region varying from 35∶:12 (C∶H) in the large-celled layer of the hippocampus to 60∶2 in the cerebellar molecular layer. Counts of over 60 rings in 104μm3 are routinely present in most major synaptic regions in C sections whereas the H sections do not show ring counts above 20/104μm3 in any region. It is concluded that the experimentally induced alterations in number of neurofibrillar rings represents a specific response of some neuronal elements to thermal stress.
Fitness Space Structure of a Neuromechanical System

This article rigorously characterizes the structure of the entire fitness space of a simple neuromechanical system consisting of a model leg in closed-loop interaction with a neural controller. Using tools from the theory of piecewise-smooth dynamical systems, we derive expressions for the location and layout of the region of high-fitness solutions in parameter space, and we show how both the boundary and the internal structure of this region arise from specific neural, mechanical, and neuromechanical properties of the walking system. In addition, we characterize the structure of the map from neural parameters to gaits to fitness.
LIBERALISM, CAPITALISM, AND “SOCIALIST” PRINCIPLES

One way to think about capitalism-versus-socialism is to examine the extent to which capitalist economic institutions are compatible with the fulfillment of socialist ideals. The late G. A. Cohen has urged that the two are strongly incompatible. He imagines how it would make sense for friends to organize a camping trip, distills the socialist moral principles that he sees fulfilled in the camping trip model, and observes that these principles conflict with a capitalist organization of the economy. He adds that these principles are ethically attractive, so if it is feasible to organize the economy on the camping trip model, we ought to do so. This essay argues to the contrary that for all that has been said, capitalist economic arrangements might be in the set of institutional arrangements that overall would best fulfill the camping trip principles, and anyway, the principles themselves ought to be rejected, so the question whether or not a capitalist set-up might satisfy these principles should not interest us. The grounds for rejecting the camping trip principles support a form of welfarist consequentialism that denies that equality of distribution of any sort is per se ethically desirable and also denies that liberal freedoms to live as one chooses are per se morally desirable. Equality and freedom should rather be regarded as in the light of possible means (or hindrances) to advancing good for people, fairly distributed.
Two Measures for Describing Queue Behavior

This paper defines two finite time measures that describe the transient behavior of queuing systems and investigates their convergence properties in some detail. These measures are: i a utilization factor that gives the fraction of time during which the system is expected to be busy, and ii an effectiveness factor that gives the ratio of the lengths of time during which the system is expected to be busy and idle, respectively. For the sake of convenience, these are expressed relative to their steady-state values. Tables are provided for these two measures in special cases.
Salespeople's use of upward influence tactics (UITs) in coping with role stress

Researchers’ attentions have recently focused on how salespeople cope with role stress. This study focuses on salespersons’ use of six upward influence tactics (UITs) with the immediate sales manager, and how salespeople use UITs to lessen the impact of two role stressors (perceived role conflict and role ambiguity) associated with the sales job. The study also evaluates the potential moderating role of UITs on relationships between role stress and manager satisfaction and propensity to leave. Analysis of data gathered from a heterogeneous sample revealed differences in use of UITs between salespeople classified as either high or low in role stress. Salespeople who perceive high role conflict employ assertiveness and upward appeal UITs more frequently. Salespeople who perceive high role ambiguity use exchange and coalition-building UITs more frequently. Results also suggest that salespersons’ use of assertiveness and ingratiation UITs exacerbate relationships between perceived role ambiguity and two outcomes: satisfaction with supervisor and propensity to leave. Implications of the study findings for sales managers are reviewed, as are implications for further research.
Thermodynamics of Paracrystalline Silicon

Fluctuation microscopy experiments have shown that the as-deposited structure of amorphous silicon thin films is paracrystalline. A paracrystal consists of small (< 3 nm in diameter) topologically crystalline grains separated by a disordered matrix. Here the authors consider the thermodynamics of paracrystalline silicon as a function of the grain size and the temperature. They offer a simple model that qualitatively explains the observed metastability of the ordered structure at low temperature (300 K), the relaxation towards a more disordered structure at intermediate temperatures (600 K), and the recrystallization at high temperatures (1,000 K).
Mechanisms Controlling the Clustering of Fluvial Channels and the Compensational Stacking of Cluster Belts

Abstract Analysis of sand-body distribution reveals that fluvial channel sands in the Upper Cretaceous lower Williams Fork Formation in the central Piceance Basin, Colorado, USA, are not randomly distributed but are predictable in their spatial and stratigraphic position. Sand bodies are organized in channel-belt clusters that are compensationally stacked on different temporal scales. While channel clustering occurred over a shorter period (channel and channel-belt scale 10s ky to 100s ky), compensational stacking occurred over a much longer time scale (channel cluster belts, ~ 400 ky). The lower Williams Fork Formation consists of three distinct intervals of clustered channel belts, each ~ 400 ft (~ 122 m) thick, topped by a thin coal layer. The primary control on the cluster formation is autogenic channel avulsion during an overall aggradational phase. Short-lived changes in in basin accommodation caused by either changes in tectonic subsidence or high-frequency eustatic changes due to Milankovitch-band orbital forcing at the end of each cluster interval result in a distinct increase in channel thickness and coal formation towards the end of each cycle. Coals at the end of each sub-cluster span the entire study area, but their overall thickness is greater in the inter-cluster, floodplain-prone areas. The resulting differential early coal compaction is greatest in the inter-cluster areas and has a significant control on the subsequent cluster-belt position overlying the coal. Channel sands overlying the coals are concentrated in the previously low net/gross floodplain-prone inter-cluster areas resulting in compensationally stacked cluster belts. On the longest time scale (~ 1 to 1.5 My), which encompasses the entire lower Williams Fork, changes in channel geometries and sand-body thickness seem to be controlled mainly by long-term changes in eustasy, and autogenic processes are of lesser importance.
Commentary: methods of evaluating lumbar and cervical fusion.

COMMENTARY ON Gruskay JA, Webb ML, Grauer JN. Methods of evaluating lumbar and cervical fusion. Spine J 2014;14:531–9 ( in this issue ).
S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine protects the probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii,from acid-induced cell death

Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast routinely used to prevent and to treat gastrointestinal disorders, including the antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile infections. However, only 1-3% of the yeast administered orally is recovered alive in the feces suggesting that this yeast is unable to survive the acidic environment of the gastrointestinal tract. We provide evidence that suggests that S. boulardii undergoes programmed cell death (PCD) in acidic environments, which is accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species and the appearance of caspase-like activity. To better understand the mechanism of cell death at the molecular level, we generated microarray gene expression profiles of S. boulardii cells cultured in an acidic environment. Significantly, functional annotation revealed that the up-regulated genes were significantly over-represented in cell death pathways Finally, we show that S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), a commercially available, FDA-approved dietary supplement, enhances the viability of S. boulardii in acidic environments, most likely by preventing programmed cell death. In toto, given the observation that many of the proven health benefits of S. boulardii are dependent on cell viability, our data suggests that taking S. boulardii and AdoMet together may be a more effective treatment for gastrointestinal disorders than taking the probiotic yeast alone.
Delayed valgus instability and proximal migration of the radius after radial head prosthesis failure

Radial head resection has yielded excellent long-term results in isolated radial head fractures. Most comminuted radial head fractures are complicated by associated lesions, however, and acute radial head replacement is often indicated in these patients. Metal radial head prostheses have become the standard treatment of irreparable radial head fractures with associated lesions to the elbow or forearm that render the elbow or forearm unstable. The prosthesis has been postulated to act as a temporary spacer while the injured soft tissues heal. Subsequent removal of the prosthesis to decrease pain and increase mobility yielded good to excellent results in previously reported cases. However, we present a patient whose in whom the soft tissues did not heal over a prolonged period, leading to a poor result after removal of a radial head implant.
Student Teaching in Urban and Suburban Schools Perspectives of Latino Preservice Teachers

This study employed interviews with 10 bilingual Latino preservice teachers to explore their experiences with schooling and their observations while student teaching in suburban and urban schools. ...
Is lipophosphoglycan a virulence factor? A surprising diversity between Leishmania species

Lipophosphoglycan is a prominent member of the phosphoglycan-containing surface glycoconjugates of Leishmania. Genetic tests enable confirmation of its role in parasite virulence and permit discrimination between the roles of lipophosphoglycan and related glycoconjugates. When two different lipophosphoglycan biosynthetic genes from Leishmania major were knocked out, there was a clear loss of virulence in several steps of the infectious cycle but, with Leishmania mexicana, no effect on virulence was found. This points to an unexpected diversity in the reliance of Leishmania species on virulence factors, a finding underscored by recent studies showing great diversity in the host response to Leishmania species.
Novel 6,7-diphenyl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-indolizin-5-one analogues as cytotoxic agents.

Abstract A series of 6,7-diphenyl-2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-indolizin-5-one analogues were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against eight human cancer cell lines. Compounds 18 , 21 , 28 , 29 , 30 and 31 showed cytotoxic activity with GI 50 values in the range of 2.1–8.1 μM concentration. Among these, compounds 21 and 28 exhibited good pharmacokinetic properties. These compounds were further evaluated for their in vivo efficacy in modified hollow fibre assay (HFA).
On the Presentation and Interpretation of Spectra of Large-Scale Disturbances

Abstract Several area-conserving transformations of the power spectrum and their presentation and interpretation are discussed. The presentation of the power density multiplied by frequency on a natural logarithm of frequency scale is shown to be the most appropriate for the purpose of defining dominant scales. This presentation is also shown to have a clear interpretation for spectra of localized disturbances. A null hypothesis of “no dominant scale” is proposed for the determination of dominant scales and their statistical significance.
7 – Animal Care and Maintenance

Investigators and research institutions have an ethical and legal responsibility to minimize pain and distress in research animals. Experimental use of animals is a vital part of biomedical research. Appropriate use of animal models allows prospective, controlled disease investigation that cannot be conducted in human patients or volunteers. Investigators must consider scientific, practical, and humane issues when developing studies that use animals. High-quality research requires close collaboration between veterinary and research professionals to provide humane care and use of laboratory animals, reducing animal pain and distress to the absolute minimum while maintaining the scientific goals of the project. The chapter briefly reviews ethical and regulatory issues and lists out available information resources. Remaining sections address specific technical issues related to animal surgery, including design of surgical facilities, animal selection, anesthesia, and analgesia. Russell and Burch formulated the concept of the “three Rs” as a strategy to minimize experimental animal pain and distress. The first principle, replacement , states that non-animal models should be used instead of animals to the maximum extent possible. Although inanimate models rarely allow examination of complex physiological processes often encountered in surgical research, suitable alternatives to the use of animals in surgical education may be appropriate. The principle of reduction states that investigators should use the minimum number of animals consistent with statistical power. The most important of the three Rs is the principle of refinement , which states that investigators should use the least invasive technique possible to minimize animal pain and distress.
Phosphorus Removal: Field Analysis

The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978 established by the International Joint Commission of Canada and the United States called for the achievement of 0.5 mg/\Il\N total phosphorus as the maximum effluent level in all Lake Erie and Lake Ontario municipal wastewater treatment plants discharging greater than 3785 m³/day. A study was undertaken to provide information necessary to review and evaluate the above objective. Four municipal treatment plants practicing phosphorus removal were evaluated by field monitoring. In addition, the costs associated in the phosphorus removal at each of the four plants were studied. The field studies indicated that a conservatively operated plant using a conventional approach could achieve an effluent level of ≤\N 0.75 mg/\Il\N, and in some cases lower, without filtration. The design of the final sedimentation tanks, in terms of loadings, appears to be a critical factor.
Slow-wave disruption enhances the accessibility of positive memory traces

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of slow-wave disruption on positive and negative word recognition in a sample of healthy control participants and those with major depressive disorder. Prior to sleep, participants learned a set of emotional and neutral words during an encoding task by responding whether or not the word described them. Following baseline sleep, participants underwent one night of selective slow-wave disruption by auditory stimuli. Accuracy and reaction time to a recognition word set, including both positive and negative words, was assessed in the morning. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between word valence and condition, with positive words recognized significantly faster than negative words after disruption, in only healthy control participants. There were no significant results in those with major depressive disorder, or with regard to accuracy. These results may add to the increasing body of literature suggesting a hedonic bias to positive stimuli following sleep disruption.
IL-15/sIL-15Rα gene transfer induces weight loss and improves glucose homeostasis in obese mice

Obesity and its associated metabolic problems are a major public health issue. The objective of the current study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of interleukin 15/soluble interleukin 15 receptor-α (IL-15/sIL-15Rα) on high-fat diet-induced obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. We demonstrate that the multiple hydrodynamic delivery of 2 μg IL-15/sIL-15Rα plasmid results in numerous beneficial effects, including a reduction of body weight and fat mass, an alleviation of fatty liver, an improvement in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. These effects are accompanied by a suppressed expression of genes involved in lipid accumulation and lipogenesis, including Pparγ, Cd36, Fabp4, Mgat1, Scd-1 and Fas, and elevated mRNA levels of genes involved in adaptive thermogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation, such as Ucp1, Ucp3, Pgc-1α, Pgc-1β, Pparα, Pparδ, Cpt1-α and Cpt1-β in obese animals. These results suggest that the overexpression of the Il-15/sIl-15Rα gene is an effective approach in treating diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic complications.
Natural-sounding speech synthesis using variable-length units

The goal of this work was to develop a speech synthesis system which concatenates variable-length units to create naturalsounding speech. Our initial work in this area showed that by careful design of system responses to ensure consistent intonation contours, natural-sounding speech synthesis was achievable with wordand phrase-level concatenation. In order to extend the flexibility of this framework, we focused on the problem of generating novel words from a corpus of sub-word units. The design of the sub-word units was motivated by perceptual studies that investigated where speech could be spliced with minimal audible distortion and what contextual constraints were necessary to maintain in order to produce natural sounding speech. The sub-word corpus is searched during synthesis using a Viterbi search which selects a sequence of units based on how well they individually match the input specification and on how well they sound as an ensemble. This concatenative speech synthesis system, ENVOICE, has been used in a conversational information retrieval system in two application domains to convert meaning representations into speech waveforms.
Motion in Tswana and its characteristic lexicalization

Characteristic patterns for the lexicalization of motion in Tswana, a Southeastern Bantu language, are explored. Examination of constraints governing classes of verb roots referring to motion events reveals two of the typological patterns put forward by Talmy [1984] for the lexicalization of motion in natural language. The distinguishing feature of each pattern lies in the particular semantic elements incorporated in a main clause verb root. The fact of Motion and Manner/Cause are incorporated in the verb root when lexicalizing complex location-motion events. However, when lexicalizing complex motion events of a directional nature, as well as both locational- and directional- motion events of a less complex nature, the verb root incorporates the fact of Motion and the Path which a moving object takes.
Hearing loss and falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Falls are a devastating condition in older individuals. Identifying potentially modifiable risk factors such as hearing loss would provide a substantial public health benefit. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current evidence for an association between hearing loss and falls risk. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed in July 2014. STUDY ELIGIBILITY: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer-reviewed literature. All studies used a predetermined definition of hearing loss. Main outcomes and measurements were fall hospitalization records or self-reports of falls by structured interview or validated questionnaires. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS: Two investigators independently reviewed the literature related to hearing loss, falls, and older adults. We pooled effect sizes from across the studies and performed a meta-analysis to compute an overall effect size. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Twelve eligible studies were identified. The odds of falling were 2.39 times greater among older adults with hearing loss than older adults with normal hearing (pooled odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.11-2.68). In sensitivity analyses, we restricted the meta-analysis to studies where hearing loss was audiometrically defined (N = 6) and observed hearing loss to be associated with a 69% increase in the odds of falling (pooled odds ratio 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18-2.19). When we further limited to studies that also performed multivariate regression analyses (N = 4), the overall effect size did not appreciably change (pooled odds ratio 1.72, 95% CI: 1.07-2.37). We observed a potential positive publication bias in the literature. Limitations of the systematic review and meta-analysis are the cross-sectional designs of most studies and the heterogeneity across studies (Q = 631, P CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the published literature, hearing loss is associated with a significantly increased odds of falling in older adults. These findings need to be interpreted in light of the potential for positive publication bias in the literature on this topic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2015.© 2016 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc. Language: en
Reaction thermodynamics in the SiO2-SiC system

Thermodynamic analysis showed that in the SiO2-SiC system the following reaction may occur prior to 1950°K: 2 SiO2 (solid-liquid)+SiC (solid)=3 SiO (gas)+CO (gas). In the 1950–2800°K range the reaction between SiO2 and SiC may be expressed by two combined reactions 1) 2 SiO2 (solid-liquid)+SiC (solid)=SiO (gas)+CO (gas). 2) SiO2 (solid-liquid)+2 SiC (solid)=3 Si (liquid)+2 CO (gas). With temperature rise, the degree of occurrence of the process following reaction 2 increases, and that following reaction 1 diminishes. The results of the thermodynamic analysis agree well with experimental data.
A Design Space Exploration Methodology to Support Decisions under Evolving Requirements’ Uncertainty and its Application to Suborbital Vehicles

This research aims at supporting the development of emerging markets such as suborbital vehicles by establishing a methodology that enables a broad design space exploration at a conceptual level to select the best concepts against unclear objectives and under evolving requirements’ uncertainty. To bridge the gap in current design space exploration techniques, a new architecture-based morphological matrix is developed to generate all feasible concepts. Then, a new evolutionary algorithm based on architecture fitness is implemented that drives multi-objective optimization algorithms to simultaneously compare and optimize all configurations. To support decisions under evolving uncertainty, requirements are modeled by membership functions and are propagated using fuzzy set theory. The new methodology is expected to reduce the risk of missing promising concepts and help designers with challenging go/no-go decisions. It will also provide more flexibility by allowing decision makers to develop scenarios and support more analytic decisions.
Comparative Demography of Three Namib Desert Rodents: Responses to the Provision of Supplementary Water

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that increased dietary water intake is a critical factor in desert rodent reproduction. Populations of three Namib Desert rodent species ( Desmodillus auricularis, Gerbillurus paeba , and Rhabdomys pumilio ) were monitored by mark-and-recapture live-trapping on two study areas, one of which served as a control. On the other, rodents were continuously provided with sources of drinking water. Populations of G. paeba and R. pumilio grew rapidly following rains in early 1974, and reached peak population sizes in September or October 1974. Reproduction in both of these species on the control area showed marked declines during the hot, dry months of September to December, January, or February. Both G. paeba and R. pumilio showed marked responses to the increased availability of water on the experimental area, as evidenced by a greater number of pregnancies and higher proportions of lactating females, and an extension of the breeding season longer into the hot, dry portions of the year. The effect of increased water availability on these species was most pronounced during times of the year when water stress might be expected to be greatest. Population growth in D. auricularis proceeded in a much less seasonally restricted manner than in the other two species, and peak population sizes were not reached until February or March 1975. Breeding intensity in this species on the control area declined only slightly during portions of the year when R. pumilio and G. paeba were relatively inactive reproductively. On the experimental area, D. auricularis showed no consistent reproductive or numerical response to increased water availability. The relationship between response to the experimental provision of water in these species and the seasonality of demographic patterns is discussed.
Optimizing Control of Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems with Energy Recovery in Commercial Buildings

AbstractDedicated outdoor air systems (DOASs) with energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) are increasingly popular in new buildings and have the potential to greatly reduce building energy consumption through elimination of zone-level summer reheat and free preconditioning of outdoor ventilation air through energy recovery with building exhaust air, often using an enthalpy wheel heat exchanger. In practice, many of these systems, however, are run suboptimally or are designed with complex and counterintuitive configurations that require detailed engineering analysis to understand optimal control sequences. Three real-world case studies from commercial building retuning are presented where control deficiencies in DOASs with ERVs led to excess energy consumption. An analysis of the potential energy savings from correcting these deficiencies as well as a discussion of how each analysis was performed during the retuning audit is included. Energy savings can vary significantly based on the climate and the baseline ...
Automatically Recommending Peer Reviewers in Modern Code Review

Code review is an important part of the software development process. Recently, many open source projects have begun practicing code review through “modern” tools such as GitHub pull-requests and Gerrit. Many commercial software companies use similar tools for code review internally. These tools enable the owner of a source code change to request individuals to participate in the review, i.e., reviewers. However, this task comes with a challenge. Prior work has shown that the benefits of code review are dependent upon the expertise of the reviewers involved. Thus, a common problem faced by authors of source code changes is that of identifying the best reviewers for their source code change. To address this problem, we present an approach, namely cHRev , to automatically recommend reviewers who are best suited to participate in a given review, based on their historical contributions as demonstrated in their prior reviews. We evaluate the effectiveness of cHRev on three open source systems as well as a commercial codebase at Microsoft and compare it to the state of the art in reviewer recommendation. We show that by leveraging the specific information in previously completed reviews (i.e.,quantification of review comments and their recency), we are able to improve dramatically on the performance of prior approaches, which (limitedly) operate on generic review information (i.e., reviewers of similar source code file and path names) or source coderepository data. We also present the insights into why our approach cHRev outperforms the existing approaches.
The Response of Seed Germination of Albizia julibrissin to Different Intensities of Shade Treatments

The germination response of Albizia julibrissin seeds to different shade intensities (55.44% NS, 21.12% NS, 3.47% NS and 0.86% NS) in shade house were studied. The results showed that the final germination percentage under 4 shade treatments of different light intensities were 42.2%, 65.6%, 37.8%, 32.2% respectively and the germination percentage with 21.12% NS treatment was higher significantly than all other treatments (P0.01). Moderate shade treatment was in favor of A. julibrissin seed germination, but both the germination index and vigor index decreased consistently with the reduction of light intensity and the germination process was delayed.
Orbis: The Stanford Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World

ORBIS allows us to express ancient Roman communication costs in terms of both time and expense. By simulating movement along the principal routes of the Roman road network, the main navigable rivers, and hundreds of sea routes in the Mediterranean, Black Sea and coastal Atlantic, this interactive model reconstructs the duration and financial cost of travel in antiquity. Taking account of seasonal variation and accommodating a wide range of modes and means of transport, ORBIS reveals the true shape of the Roman world and provides a unique resource for our understanding of premodern history.
Antiepileptic dosing for critically ill adult patients receiving renal replacement therapy.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this review was to evaluate current literature for dosing recommendations for the use of antiepileptic medications in patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT). Data sources With the assistance of an experienced medical librarian specialized in pharmacy and toxicology, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, WorldCat, and Scopus through May 2016. Study selection and data extraction Four hundred three articles were screened for inclusion, of which 130 were identified as potentially relevant. Micromedex® DRUGDEX as well as package inserts were used to obtain known pharmacokinetic properties and dosage adjustment recommendations in RRT if known. Data synthesis Data regarding antiepileptic drug use in RRT are limited and mostly consist of case reports limiting our proposed dosing recommendations. Known pharmacokinetic parameters should guide dosing, and recommendations are provided where possible. Conclusion Additional studies are necessary before specific dosing recommendations can be made for most antiepileptic drugs in critically ill patients receiving RRT, specifically with newer agents.
Abstract 4004: Development of a successful combination therapy for hepatocellular cancer by targeting Treg and PD-1

We have established a clinically relevant murine model to reveal tumor-induced immunotoerance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Critical factors are targeted to develop immune-based therapies for HCC control. Intrasplenic (ISPL) inoculation of oncogenic hepatocytes and intraperitoneal (IP) injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are combined to induce progressive HCCs in fibrotic livers of immunocompetent mice. We characterize the features of this model, examine tumor-antigen-specific (TAS) immunity during tumor initiation and progression, and identify the critical factors in tumor-induced immune tolerance. The established murine model recapitulates human HCC and reflects its typical features. TAS CD8+ T cells initially maintain a naive phenotype and function in early-stage tumor-bearing mice, then become profound exhaustion with the tumor progression to the advanced stage. The deep immunosuppression is associated with the significant upregulation of Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1), Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the increase of Tregs. While the changes in Tregs and PD-1 are systemic, they are particularly pronounced in the tumor microenvironment. Sunitinib-mediated reduction of Treg together with antibody-mediated blockade of PD-1 synergistically suppress tumor growth and activate anti-tumor immunity. Our data provide evidence that oncogenic hepatocytes escape immune surveillance during tumor initiation via immune ignorance, while later-stage established HCCs evade immune destruction via tumor-induced immunotolerance. Synergy of sunitinib and anti-PD-1 Ab generates favorable effect on suppressing tumor growth and activating anti-tumor immunity. This combinational strategy has high translational potential in HCC treatment. Citation Format: Dai Liu, Guangfu Li, Timothy Cooper, Eric Kimchi, Xiaoqiang Qi, Ningfei Li, Don Rockey, Todd Schell, Kevin Staveley-O’Carroll. Development of a successful combination therapy for hepatocellular cancer by targeting Treg and PD-1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4004.
Teen Pregnancy Among Sexual Minority Women: Results From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the association between sexual orientation and teen pregnancy (before age 20 years) in a U.S. nationally representative cohort of young adult females aged 24–32 years. Methods A total of 5,972 participants in Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were included. Self-reported sexual orientation identity was categorized as heterosexual, and three sexual minority (SM) groups: mostly heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian (combining "mostly homosexual" and "100% homosexual"). Stepwise multivariate regression models were fit to compare odds of teen pregnancy and relative risk ratios of timing of teen pregnancy, between heterosexual and SM groups, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, sexual victimization history, and sexual risk behaviors. Results After adjusting for sociodemographics and sexual victimization, bisexual women had significantly higher odds than heterosexual peers of teen pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–2.75); this association was marginally significant after adjusting for sexual risk behaviors. Bisexuals were also more likely to have an early (before age 18 years) teen pregnancy (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.17–3.56). In contrast, lesbian women were significantly less likely to have a teen pregnancy than heterosexual (OR = .47; 95% CI = .23–.97), mostly heterosexual (OR = .46; 95% CI = .21–.99), and bisexual (OR = .29; 95% CI = .12–.71) women in final models. Conclusions Expanding on extant literature, we found opposing risk patterns for teen pregnancy between bisexual and lesbian women, likely due to distinct patterns of sexual risk taking. Findings suggest that SM-inclusive teen pregnancy prevention efforts tailored to meet the unique needs of SM young women, particularly bisexuals, are needed.
Ulcerated Giant Dermatofibroma following Routine Childhood Vaccination in a Young Boy.

Introduction: The development of cutaneous neoplasms at immunization sites following vaccination is uncommon, and only few have been reported in the literature wo
Predictors of 30-Day Hospital Readmission Following Acute Stroke (S32.006)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical factors associated with 30-day readmission in patients with acute stroke. BACKGROUND: 30-day hospital readmission will soon be used to measure quality of care. Whether characteristics of patients at high risk of readmission can be identified prior to discharge is uncertain. DESIGN/METHODS: We designed a retrospective case-control study. Patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes readmitted to an academic center within 30 days of discharge over an 18 month period were identified (cases) and compared to diagnosis-matched controls, not readmitted over this period. Demographic and clinical information (e.g. number of prior hospitalizations, admission NIH stroke scale) were collected. Descriptive analyses were performed using Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with 30-day readmission. RESULTS: The cohort included 198 patients (93 cases, 105 controls). Age, gender, and race did not differ between groups. Median time to readmission was 10 days (IQR 5 to 17). Readmission diagnoses included ischemic stroke (21.5%), infection (11%), and cardiac dysfunction (10%). Readmitted patients were more likely to have been hospitalized 2 or more times in the year prior to stroke (22.6% vs 4.8% in controls, p=0.0007). History of congestive heart failure (CHF) and pneumonia during the incident admission were associated with readmission (p=0.0097 and 0.033, respectively). The multivariate model showed that admission NIHSS (OR 1.056, 95% CI 1.010-1.103 per 1 point increase; p=0.015), prior hospitalizations (OR 1.754, 1.258-2.446 per additional admission; p=0.0009), and absence of hyperlipidemia (OR 0.501, 0.267-0.940; p=0.031) were independently associated with readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Admission NIHSS and frequent hospitalizations prior to a stroke are associated with subsequent 30-day readmission following acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Although this model requires validation, the clinical characteristics identified in this study can be used to target high-risk patients and reduce readmission. Disclosure: Dr. Stiles has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strowd has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bishop has nothing to disclose. Dr. Umesi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Craig has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lefkowitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reynolds has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arnan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bushnell has received research support from Genentech.
Aging and Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Critical Need for Geriatric Psychiatry.

Because of the aging of the intensive care unit (ICU) population and an improvement in survival rates after ICU hospitalization, an increasing number of older adults are suffering from long-term impairments because of critical illness, known as post–intensive care syndrome (PICS). This article focuses on PICS-related cognitive, psychological, and physical impairments and the impact of ICU hospitalization on families and caregivers. The authors also describe innovative models of care for PICS and what roles geriatric psychiatrists could play in the future of this rapidly growing population.
Research productivity of doctor of physical therapy faculty promoted in the southeastern United States.

ABSTRACTBackground: Little information exists on the research productivity of successfully promoted tenure-track Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) faculty.Objective: To determine the research productivity that typically results in successful promotion.Design: We collected publicly available curriculum vitae (CVs) from faculty currently in accredited DPT programs and who had been successfully promoted from an institution in the southeastern USA from 2000 through 2016.Total publication count, journal impact factor, funding, citations, and other metrics were analysed from 45 subjects of 22 of the 64 CAPTE-accredited DPT programs in the southeast.Results: None of the studied metrics were normally distributed with time to promotion as determined by a Shapiro-Wilk test. These faculty exhibited a median publication count of 4, range 0 to 43; median of average citation count of 12.4, range 0 to 87.25; median of average journal impact factor of 2.866, range 0 to 6.280; median external funding received of $9910, ran...
Specialized Tools for Measuring Past Events

This chapter is based on a literal transcription of a talk that I gave at a conference on “The Future of Survey Research,” in Arlington, Virginia, in November 2012, with some slight editing later. This event was organized by David Vannette and Jon Krosnick and supported by the National Science Foundation. In my talk, I discuss the limitations of using standardized interviews in the collection of retrospective reports, and highlight the advantages of using calendar interviews in assisting respondents to optimize the quality of these reports. I discuss the various cues that are available in calendar interviewing, and review research that calendars provide reliably better data when directly compared with standardized methods. I also discuss how time diaries share features with calendar instruments. My talk also discusses that calendars and time diaries have been self- and interviewer-administered, that we need a better understanding of the interaction between language and memory that can be revealed by studies that use behavior coding and other forms of paradata, and that these studies will be helpful in the future development of calendar instruments that are driven by an intelligent agent.
Abstract B153: CDK4/6 inhibitor synergizes with mTOR inhibitor to suppress cholangiocarcinoma pathogenesis

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive cancer. It lacks effective therapies and is associated with high mortality rate as well as poor prognosis. Our recent study suggests that treatment of pan-mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 leads to stable disease in murine ICC model induced by activated AKT and Yap (AKT/YapS127A) via inducing apoptosis without affecting tumor cell proliferation. Palbociclib is a pan CDK4/6 inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of HR-positive advanced-stage breast cancer. However, its efficacy in ICC has not been investigated. ICC cells are known to be highly proliferative. Here we hypothesize that palbociclib is effective against ICC by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, it may synergize with MLN0128 to inhibit ICC growth in vivo. We tested the therapeutic efficacy of palbociclib alone or in combination with MLN0128 in human ICC cell lines as well as in AKT/YapS127A ICC model. We found that in vitro palbociclib inhibits ICC cell growth via inhibiting cell cycle progression. The long-term cell growth, but not the short-term cell survival, to palbociclib is RB-dependent. Concomitant treatment of palbociclib with MLN0128 has a synergistic effect in inhibiting ICC cell viability. In AKT/YapS127A ICC preclinical model, treatment with palbociclib or MLN0128 alone all led to stable disease. In striking contrast, combined treatment of palbociclib with MLN0128 resulted in significant tumor regression. Mechanistically, we found that combined palbociclib with MLN0128 has a profound inhibitory effect in inhibiting ICC cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our study suggests that palbociclib synergizes with MLN0128 to inhibit ICC cell proliferation, and combined treatment of palbociclib with MLN0128 represents promising novel therapeutics against this deadly malignancy. Citation Format: Xinhua Song, Xianqiong Liu, Jingxiao Wang, Xin Chen. CDK4/6 inhibitor synergizes with mTOR inhibitor to suppress cholangiocarcinoma pathogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B153.