cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nine New Fluorescent Probes

Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies are reported here for nine new fluorescent probes recently synthesized in our laboratories: four pyrene derivatives with substituents of (i) 1,3-diacetoxy-6,8-dichlorosulfonyl, (ii) 1,3-dihydroxy-6,8-disodiumsulfonate, (iii) 1,3-disodiumsulfonate, and (iv) l-ethoxy-3,6,8-trisodiumsulfonate groups, and five [7-julolidino] coumarin derivatives with substituents of (v) 3-carboxylate-4-methyl, (vi) 3- methylcarboxylate, (vii) 3-acetate-4-methyl, (viii) 3-propionate-4-methyl, and (ix) 3-sulfonate-4-methyl groups. Pyrene compounds i and ii and coumarin compounds v and vi exhibit interesting absorbance and fluorescence properties: their absorption maxima are red shifted compared to the parent compound to the blue-green region, and the band width broadens considerably. All four blue-absorbing dyes fluoresce intensely in the green region, and the two pyrene compounds emit at such long wavelengths without formation of excimers. The fluorescence properties of these compounds are quite environment-sensitive: considerable spectral shifts and fluorescence intensity changes have been observed in the pH range from 3 to 10 and in a wide variety of polar and hydrophobic solvents with vastly different dielectric constants. The high extinction and fluorescence quantum yield of these probes make them ideal fluorescent labeling reagents for proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and cellular organelles. The pH and hydrophobicity-dependent fluorescence changes can be utilized as optical pH and/or hydrophobicity indicators for mapping environmental difference in various cellular components in a single cell. Since all nine probes absorb in the UV, but emit at different wavelengths in the visible, these two groups of compounds offer an advantage of utilizing a single monochromatic light source (e.g., a nitrogen laser) to achieve multi-wavelength detection for flow cytometry application. As a first step to explore potential application in cancer cell diagnostics, we have found that at least two of these probes are preferentially taken up by cancerous lymphocytes as compared to normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. The feasiblity of using these probes in diagnosing malignant cells in the body fluid of cancer patients directly on a fluorocytometer is presently being investigated.
Electrostatic Control of Structure in Self-Assembled Membranes

Self-assembling peptide amphiphiles (PAs) can form hierarchically ordered membranes when brought in contact with aqueous polyelectrolytes of the opposite charge by rapidly creating a diffusion barrier composed of filamentous nanostructures parallel to the plane of the incipient membrane. Following this event, osmotic forces and charge complexation template nanofiber growth perpendicular to the plane of the membrane in a dynamic self-assembly process. In this work, we show that this hierarchical structure requires strong interactions between PA molecules and polyelectrolyte molecules, suggesting the importance of rapid diffusion barrier formation. Strong interactions are introduced here through the use of heparin-binding PAs with heparin and also with polyelectrolytes of varying charge density. Small angle x-ray scattering shows that in the case of weak PA-polyelectrolyte interaction, membranes formed display a cubic phase ordering on the nanoscale that likely results from clusters of PA nanostructures surrounded by polyelectrolyte chains.
Long Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase-3 Is a Molecular Target for Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor δ in HepG2 Hepatoma Cells *

ACSL3 is a member of the long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) family that plays key roles in fatty acid metabolism in various tissues in an isozyme-specific manner. Our previous studies showed that ACSL3 was transcriptionally up-regulated by the cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) in HepG2 cells, accompanied by reduced cellular triglyceride content and enhanced β-oxidation. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the OSM-induced activation of ACSL3 gene transcription in HepG2 cells. We showed that OSM treatment resulted in a coordinated elevation of mRNA levels of ACSL3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). The effect of OSM on ACSL3 mRNA expression was inhibited by cellular depletion of PPARδ. By utilizing a PPARδ agonist, L165041, we demonstrated that activation of PPARδ led to increases in ACSL3 promoter activity, mRNA level, and protein level in HepG2 cells. Analysis of the ACSL3 promoter sequence identified two imperfect PPAR-responsive elements (PPRE) located in the ACSL3 promoter region −944 to −915, relative to the transcription start site. The up-regulation of ACSL3 promoter activity by PPARδ was abolished by deletion of this PPRE-containing region or mutation to disrupt the binding sites. Direct interactions of PPARδ with ACSL3-PPRE sequences were demonstrated by gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, we provided in vivo evidence showing that activation of PPARδ by L165041 in hamsters increased ACSL3 mRNA and protein levels in the liver. These new findings define ACSL3 as a novel molecular target of PPARδ in HepG2 cells and provide a regulatory mechanism for ACSL3 transcription in liver tissue.
Fluorescence lifetimes of chromophores in intact human lenses and lens proteins

Abstract The time-dependence of fluorescence decay has been measured for whole human lenses and for some lens protein fractions, using a pulsed nanosecond light source. Two fluorescence regions were monitored: First, an ultraviolet fluorescence band characterized by 296nm excitation/332nm emission maximum, attributed to tryptophan residues. Second, a visible fluorescence band characterized by 359 nm escitation-435 nm emission maximum, attributed to age-dependent fluorescent chromophores in the lens. Both the ultraviolet and the visible fluorescence decays were complex, consisting of more than one exponential component: but to a first approximation, the data were analyzed as single exponentials and yielded effective-average lifetimes for the various fluorescence decays. Treated in this way, the visible fluorescence (detected at 435 nm) from several intact human lenses had a lifetime of 3·8±0·2 nsec, independent of lens age or cataractous condition, and independent of the anatomical region of the lens excited. This lifetime was compared with lifetimes measured for several model compounds previously proposed to be active fluorescent species in the lens. For the ultraviolet fluorescence band (detected at 332 nm), the effective lifetime in normal human lenses was found to vary from 1·8±0·1 nsec at the edge of the lens (cortex only) to 2·7±0·2 nsec at the center of the lens (cortex plus nucleus), independent of age. (Cataractous lenses showed minor variations from these values.) The effective lifetimes of the ultraviolet fluorescence bands of some lens protein fractions were also meaured. The soluble fractions α- and β-crystallin had lifetimes of 1·8±0·1 and 1·9±0·1 nsec respectively, while γ-crystallin had a lifetime of 2·4±0·1 nsec and the insoluble protein fraction had a lifetime of 2·6±0·1 nsec, all detected at 332 nm. Comparison of the whole lens and lens protein data suggests that the cortex is relatively richer in α-and/or β-crystallin, while the nucleus is relatively richer in γ-crystallin and/or insoluble protein. This does not mean, however, that there is no γ-crystallin whatsoever in the cortex or that there is no α-, β-crystallin in the nucleus.
A METHOD OF MOUNTING SMALL BEETLE GENITALIA

While studying some of the smaller coccinellid beetles a method of mounting the genitalia has been developed which can probably be applied to many other groups with slight modifications. Wilson (1930) has given a somewhat similar method for removing the genitalia from the beetle without the complete destruction of the specimen and mounting them in cardboard rectangles.
Overcurrent Detector for Wire Chamber High Voltage Supplies

A high-potential isolated circuit for remotely measuring, monitoring, and crowbarring high-voltage power supplies at a variable preset current threshold level is described. It is presently being used in a high-energy physics experiment utilizing proportional chambers which require self-destruct protection from high-current discharges. An absolute current threshold of one microampere has been achieved. The circuit is not damaged by momentary current overloads of ten amperes or less.
An Assembly Automation Approach to Alignment of Noncircular Projections in Electron Microscopy

In single-particle electron microscopy (EM), multiple micrographs of identical macromolecular structures or complexes are taken from various viewing angles to obtain a 3D reconstruction. A high-quality EM reconstruction typically requires several thousand to several million images. Therefore, an automated pipeline for performing computations on many images becomes indispensable. In this paper, we propose a modified cross-correlation method to align a large number of images from the same class in single-particle electron microscopy of highly nonspherical structures, and show how this method fits into a larger automated pipeline for the discovery of 3D structures. Our modification uses a probability density in full planar position and orientation, akin to the pose densities used in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and Assembly Automation. Using this alignment and a subsequent averaging process, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) images representing each class of viewing angles are obtained for reconstruction algorithms. In the proposed method, first we coarsely align projection images, and then realign the resulting images using the cross correlation (CC) method. The coarse alignment is obtained by matching the centers of mass and the principal axes of the images. The distribution of misalignment in this coarse alignment is estimated using the statistical properties of the additive background noise. As a consequence, the search space for realignment in the CC method is reduced. Additionally, in order to overcome the false peak problems in the CC, we use artificially blurred images for the early stage of the iteration and segment the intermediate result from every iteration step. The proposed approach is demonstrated on synthetic noisy images of GroEL/ES.
Recursive computation of Walsh-Hadamard transformations

Abstract New techniques for Walsh-Hadamard spectral analysis are reported. Spectral coefficients are updated in real time with each new signal sample, and an eighth order illustrative numerical example is given.
Capitalizing on Curriculum-Based Measurement for Reading: Collaboration Within a Response to Instruction Framework

Response to Instruction (RTI) frameworks provide a structure for assessing student progress and evaluating the effectiveness of reading interventions. Schools frequently use RTI to support students who are struggling with learning to read while utilizing curriculum-based measurement (CBM) to monitor performance and guide instructional decisions made by collaborative teams of school professionals. Although these measures are relatively quick to administer, their usage is often limited to rate and accuracy scores to identify struggling students and monitor oral reading fluency. As schools make substantial investments to collect the assessment data, it is important to consider what else might be understood about struggling readers from this individually administered reading assessment. In this article we describe how to assess students' prosody and word recognition errors to inform school professionals about students' needs. This additional data from CBMs can inform the collaboration among school professiona...
The Development of a Feeding Harness for an ALS Patient

In treating patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis occupational therapists face an ever-changing disability for which they must select a wide range of assistive devices to maximize function in performance of activities of daily living. This case report emphasizes the significance of the patient's contribution in the fabrication of equipment. The success of the feeding harness described depended as much on the process of its creation as on the enhanced function it gave the patient. The harness offered the patient a sense of hope and helpfulness in the face of a relentlessly progressive disease.
An electromyographic assessment of the "bear hug": an examination for the evaluation of the subscapularis muscle.

Purpose The lift-off and belly-press tests are common tests for evaluation of the subscapularis. We compared these tests with the recently developed bear-hug test by assessing electromyographic (EMG) activity of the shoulder internal rotators during examination. Methods Twenty-one healthy male volunteers (mean age, 22.95 ± 3.71 years; mean weight, 73.48 ± 6.93 kg; mean height, 68.76 ± 2.26 cm) with no previous history of shoulder surgery or injury participated in the study. Fine-wire and surface EMG activity of the glenohumeral joint internal rotators (i.e., upper and lower subscapularis, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi) was recorded while 5 subscapularis tests were being performed (bear hug at 0°, 45°, and 90°; lift off; and belly press). Peak EMG values were normalized to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) for each muscle. A 4 (muscle) × 5 (test) analysis of variance with repeated measures on test was used to analyze peak EMG activity (percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction). Follow-up univariate analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc analyses were performed for each of the 5 tests. Results The bear-hug test performed at 45° of shoulder flexion showed significantly greater peak EMG activity in the upper subscapularis (107.64% ± 63.52%) and lower subscapularis (85.75% ± 64.69%) compared with the pectoralis major (41.43% ± 25.42%) and latissimus dorsi (20.32% ± 15.70%) ( P P P Conclusions The bear-hug examination performed at 45° of shoulder flexion and the belly-press test may be valuable diagnostic tools in the clinical evaluation of the upper subscapularis muscle. In addition, the bear-hug test at 90° of shoulder flexion may be a valuable diagnostic tool in assessing the clinical function of the lower subscapularis. Clinical Relevance The bear-hug examination performed at specific degrees of shoulder flexion may be a valuable way to assess the function of the subscapularis muscle.
Developmental emergence of hippocampal fast-field “ripple” oscillations in the behaving rat pups

Sharp wave and associated fast oscillatory ripples (140–200Hz) in the cornu ammonis 1 region are the most synchronous hippocampal patterns in the adult rat. Spike sequences associated with sharp waves are believed to play a critical role in transferring transient memories from the hippocampus to the neocortex and the emergence of superfast ripples is pathognostic in temporal lobe epilepsy. Sharp waves in cornu ammonis 1 stratum radiatum are induced by a strong depolarization by the cornu ammonis 3 Schaffer collaterals, due to the synchronous discharge of cornu ammonis 3 pyramidal cells. Although during the first postnatal week, sharp-wave events are associated with hippocampal unit bursts in the pyramidal layer, ripple oscillations are absent. We investigated the emergence of fast-field oscillations in rat pups ranging from postnatal day 12–20 by recording with wire tetrodes in freely behaving pups and with 16-site linear silicon probes in head fixed animals. Cornu ammonis 1 pyramidal cell layer was determined by the presence of multiple unit activity and a reversal of the field potential in the deeper electrode sites. On-line verification of the recording sites was determined via an evoked response to commissural stimulation, showing a clear reversal in the field potential. Sharp wave-associated fast-field oscillations did not begin to emerge until the end of the second postnatal week and showed a gradual increase until day 18. Once ripples emerged, the intra-ripple frequency assumed adult values. The developmental time course of the ripple parallels the switch in the GABAA receptor-mediated signaling from excitation to inhibition. The time course may also reflect hitherto unidentified emergence of neuronal gap junctions.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tachydysrhythmias in children.

Major advances have recently been made in the identification and management of tachydysrhythmias in children. These include diagnostic improvements in both noninvasive techniques (24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring and transtelephonic ECG transmission) and invasive techniques (His bundle recordings and intracardiac stimulation studies). In consort, there also have been new developments in tachyarrhythmia therapy. For example, propranolol has been popularized for treating tachycardias in children; the dosage range has been modified and higher doses are now used with safety, when necessary. Further, the calcium channel blocking agent, verapamil, has become accepted in Europe and South America as an effective drug for acute and chronic treatment of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in children and is scheduled for widespread use in the United States. The most exciting development in invasive treatment has been the use of surgical techniques and pacemakers for management of certain patients with severe or persistent forms of tachydysrhythmias.
LIII x-ray absorption in Yb compounds: Temperature dependence of the valence.

We report x-ray-absorption measurements near the Yb ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{III}}$ absorption edge of ${\mathrm{YbAl}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{YbCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{YbAgCu}}_{4}$, and related compounds. Our results suggest that the bulk Yb valence changes with temperature in a manner consistent with predictions of the single impurity Anderson model. We discuss the relationship between these results and recent valence-band photoemission results in the same compounds where the existence of temperature dependence has been disputed.
Iktomi in the Land of the Maymaygwayshi: Understanding Lived Experience in the Practice of Archaeology Among American Indians/First Nations

In discussions concerning American Indians/First Nations and the practice of archaeology in North America, the issues are typically presented in a polarized fashion with American Indians/First Nations on one side and archaeologists on the other. Frequently the literature discusses how archaeologists should modify their practice in response to the needs of American Indian communities. Very little of the literature looks at the roles and challenges faced by American Indians who choose to pursue archaeology. This paper addresses this latter issue by examining my own work among First Nations communities in Ontario, Canada. Through the lens of ‘lived experience’, I will examine the interplay of identity, personal and communal histories, and the contemporary situation of my self and the First Nations communities I worked with, looking at how having ‘insider’ knowledge can be both useful and a handicap in fieldwork.
Subcellular Localization of LH Releasing Activity in the Rat Hypothalamus

Separation of participate fractions associated with LH releasing activity has been effected by differential centrifugation followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The fractions were monitored for LH releasing activity by an in vitro incubation with rat pituitaries and for subcellular organelles by electron microscopy. LH released into the incubation medium and contained in the pituitaries was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). After differential centrifugation only the “crude mitochondrial fraction” caused an increase of LH release accompanied by a depletion of pituitary LH and a rise in total LH. Further fractionation of this pellet on a discontinuous sucrose gradient resulted in three opaque bands and three clear areas which were removed as six fractions. Only one fraction, not associated with myelin, synaptosomes, or mitochondria, caused an increase in LH release and total LH while pituitary LH remained unchanged. This fraction appears to be predominantly composed of electron dense vesicl...
Density functional theory of high-k dielectric gate stacks

Density functional theory has proved to be a useful tool in device engineering, particularly at nanoscale and when novel materials are involved. In this chapter we briefly introduce the theoretical background necessary for understanding the modern theory of solid state and review recent theoretical results in the area of advanced gate stack materials engineering.
Diagnostic value of peroral biopsy of the proximal small intestine.

SINCE its introduction over 15 years ago,1 , 2 peroral biopsy of the small intestine has become established as a valuable procedure in the evaluation of patients with malabsorption.3 Only with biop...
Thermal Stresses in CVD Films: The Case of Binary Arsenosilicate Glasses

The heat‐treatment characteristics and surface morphology of binary arsenosilicate glass films vapor‐deposited on silicon have been studied systematically as a function of temperature and film composition. Initial heat‐treatments in Ar at 800° and up indicated that the thermal stresses generated in the film arising from a mismatch of expansion coefficient with the silicon substrate are largely responsible for the observed film detachment from the substrate. The higher the content in the glass, the lower is the temperature required to bring about the detachment. However, when the amount of in the deposited film is substantially reduced [to 0.5 mole per cent (m/o) [ film detachment can be eliminated altogether even at temperatures as high as 1100° Prolonged heat treatments of these low films yield very uniformly diffused N+ layers in silicon.
An analysis of population-based prenatal screening for overt hypothyroidism

Objective The purpose of the study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes of hypothyroidism that were identified in a population-based prenatal screening program. Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective prenatal population-based study in which serum thyroid analytes were obtained from November 2000 to April 2003. Initial screening thresholds were intentionally inclusive (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], >3.0 mU/L; free thyroxine, 4.5 mU/L and if fT4 level was Results A total of 26,518 women completed initial screening: 24,584 women (93%) were euthyroid, and 284 women (1%) had abnormal initial values that suggested hypothyroidism. Of those referred, 232 women (82%) underwent repeat testing, and 47 women (0.2% initially screened) were confirmed to have hypothyroidism. Perinatal outcomes of women with treated overt hypothyroidism were similar to women with euthyroidism. Higher rates of pregnancy-related hypertension were identified in the 182 women with unconfirmed hypothyroidism when compared with women with euthyroidism ( P 4.5 mU/L (adjusted odds ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–4.5). Conclusion The identification and treatment of overt hypothyroidism results in pregnancy outcomes similar to women with euthyroidism. Unconfirmed screening results suggestive of hypothyroidism portend pregnancy risks similar to women with subclinical hypothyroidism, specifically preeclampsia; however, this increased risk was seen only in women with initial TSH levels of >4.5 mU/L and suggests that this is a more clinically relevant threshold than 3.0 mU/L.
The Apophasis of Gender: A Fourfold Unsaying of Feminist Theology

If academic feminism suffers from an institutionalized overfamiliarity, it is also the case that its language of gender has never ceased to shift, bifurcate, and enfold other discourses. In its attention to its own aporias, feminism at points resembles a mysticism of "knowing ignorance." This paper effects an improbable resonance between a particular tradition of apophatic cosmology and a feminist theology that resists at once its own idolatry and its own silence. Negative theology becomes positively embodied. The device of a feminist fourfold allows for the exploration of the potentiality of gender, race, and queerness for an amorous and prolific manifold.
Robust phase-shift-keying Silicon photonic modulator

Here we propose a robust silicon modulator that seamlessly generates phase shift keyed data. The modulator has very low insertion loss and is robust against electrical amplitude variations in the modulating signal; specifically a 50%-200% variation in modulating amplitude leads to only a π/9 variation in output optical phase, corresponding to only ± 10% variation in the differentially detected signal. This yields a ~2.5dB enhancement in SNR over OOK (on-off-keying) formats.
The effect of phosphoric acid pre- etching and thermocycling on self- etching adhesive enamel bonding

Statement of problem When inserting a resin-bonded prosthesis, it is not known whether pumicing, rinsing, and using a self-etching primer (SE) on prepared surfaces is sufficient or whether the use of an additional conventional acid etchant is warranted due to the increased time and risk of contamination. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of pre-etching with phosphoric acid (PA) and thermocycling (TC) on the enamel shear bond strength (SBS) of an autopolymerizing adhesive system on ground enamel. Material and methods Human teeth were embedded in phenolic rings with methyl methacrylate resin, and their enamel surfaces were ground flat to a 600 grit surface. The teeth were then divided into 4 subsets (n=22): 1) PSN, PA pre-etch with SE, no TC; 2) PST, PA pre-etch with self-etching primer and TC; 3) SEN, self-etching primer alone, no TC; and 4) SET, self-etching primer and TC. A multifactorial study design was used to evaluate 2 factors (pre-etching with PA and TC) at 2 levels (presence or absence) by grouping different subsets. Pre-etch consisted of teeth being etched for 30 seconds with PA, rinsed, re-etched, and rinsed. Self-etching consisted of 60 seconds with ED Primer. Rods of Rexillium III, airborne-particle abraded with 50 μm aluminum oxide, were bonded to enamel surfaces with Panavia 21 OP under a 19.6 N load. Thermocycling consisted of alternating between water baths of 5 ± 2°C and 55 ± 2°C for 5000 cycles. Shear bond strength (SBS) was determined by loading the specimens to failure at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Mean values were analyzed with a 2-way ANOVA (factors were surface treatment and TC) at α=.05. Results Pre-etching with phosphoric acid showed greater SBS to enamel ( P =.028) than the self-etching primer alone. Thermocycling did not have a significant effect ( P =.424). Conclusions There was a significant difference in SBS between pre-etching enamel surfaces with phosphoric acid in addition to the self-etching primer and using the self-etching primer exclusively. Thermocycling did not significantly affect SBS.
A study of the effect of step excrescences and free‐stream disturbances on boundary layer stability

Summary In this work, a study of the mechanism by which free-stream acoustic and vorticity disturbances interact with a boundary layer flow developing over a flat plate featuring a step excrescence located at a certain distance from a blunt leading edge is included. The numerical tool is a high-fidelity implicit numerical algorithm solving for the unsteady, compressible form of the Navier–Stokes equations in a body-fitted curvilinear coordinates and employing high-accurate compact differencing schemes with Pade-type filters. Acoustic and vorticity waves are generated using a source term in the momentum and energy equations, as opposed to using inflow boundary conditions, to avoid spurious waves that may propagate from boundaries. The results show that the receptivity to surface step excrescences is largely the result of an overall adverse pressure gradient posed by the step, and that the free-stream disturbances accelerate the generation of instabilities in the downstream. As expected, it is found that the acoustic disturbance interacting with the surface imperfection is more efficient in exciting the Tollmien–Schlichting waves than the vorticity disturbance. The latter generates Tollmien–Schlichting waves that are grouped in wave packets consistent with the wavelength of the free-stream disturbance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational modeling evidence of a nonthermal electromagnetic interaction mechanism with living cells: microwave nonlinearity in the cellular sodium ion channel

A computational hydrodynamics model consisting of a system of four coupled time-domain partial differential equations is applied to study the response of the cellular sodium ion channel to a microwave electric-field excitation. The model employs a dynamic conservation law formulation, which has not been previously applied to this problem. Results indicate that the cellular sodium ion channel exhibits an electrical nonlinearity at microwave frequencies, which generates an intermodulation spectrum when excited by an amplitude-modulated electric field. Intermodulation products having frequencies down to 50 MHz, and very likely well below 50 MHz, appear possible. This is a new nonthermal microwave interaction mechanism with living tissues that, if observable below 0.1 MHz, could enable the stimulation of excitable biological tissues, and thereby have significant implications for human health and safety.
Levator Nasolabials Muscle Transposition to Prevent an Orosinus Fistula after Tooth Extraction in Horses

The ventral part of the levator nasolabialis muscle was transposed to the alveolar defect after sinusotomy and tooth extraction in five normal horses and six horses with a tooth root abscess and sinusitis. In the normal horses at weeks 6, 10, 14 and 18, the transposed muscles remained viable and were incorporated into the recipient sites, and orosinus fistulae did not form. Histologically, there was a progressive transition from muscle to fibrous tissue. There was no facial deformity or loss of nasal function at the donor site. A localized abscess was associated with incomplete removal of tooth root fragments in one horse. After 1 year or more, five horses treated for dental disease had complete resolution of clinical signs. One horse continued to have intermittent mild nasal discharge.
Web-Based Multi-Observer Segmentation Evaluation Tool

Multi-observer segmentation evaluation is useful in the imaging community. We have developed web-based software for automatic performance evaluation of multiple image segmentations which is based on the Baysian decision framework. It computes a probabilistic estimate of the true segmentation (ground truth map) and performance measures for the individual segmentations (sensitivity and specificity). The strength of the tool is that it integrates the two kinds of prior knowledge of segmentations: the truth prior (the prior probability) and the observer prior (the performance measures of observers), which can generate more accurate evaluations.
Generalized Features for Electrocorticographic BCIs

This paper studies classifiability of electrocorticographic signals (ECoG) for use in a human brain-computer interface (BCI). The results show that certain spectral features can be reliably used across several subjects to accurately classify different types of movements. Sparse and nonsparse versions of the support vector machine and regularized linear discriminant analysis linear classifiers are assessed and contrasted for the classification problem. In conjunction with a careful choice of features, the classification process automatically and consistently identifies neurophysiological areas known to be involved in the movements. An average two-class classification accuracy of 95% for real movement and around 80% for imagined movement is shown. The high accuracy and generalizability of these results, obtained with as few as 30 data samples per class, support the use of classification methods for ECoG-based BCIs.
Clinical Review : Peritoneal Dialysis in Children A Survey of Its Indications and Applications

Peritoneal dialysis is no longer experimental; it has become a routine procedure which can be easily performed at home when desirable. It can be used in poison ings, acute renal failure, other metabolic derangements, and in the terminal uremic patient as a "holding action" while he waits for kidney homotransplant. The simplicity, economy, and efficiency of the procedure, together with recent advances in instrumentation and in our understanding of fluid and electrolytes, are helping to broaden the clinical usefulness of peritoneal dialysis. This com munication surveys current clinical applications of peritoneal dialysis, its techni cal aspects and hazards, and its promising potential for therapy and research.
Effects of brief training on use of automated external defibrillators by people without medical expertise.

Objective: This study examined the effect of three types of brief training on the use of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) by 43 lay users. Background: Because AEDs were recently approved for home use, brief training for nonprofessional users needs investigation. Method: During training, the exposure training group read an article about AEDs that provided no information on how to operate them; the low-training group inspected the AED and read the operating instructions in the paper-based manual but was not allowed to use the device; and the high-training group watched a training video and performed a mock resuscitation using the AED but no manikin. All participants returned 2 weeks later and performed a surprise simulatedAED resuscitation on a manikin. Results: Most participants in each training group met criteria of minimally acceptable performance during the simulated manikin resuscitation, as measured by time to first shock, pad placement accuracy, and safety check performance. All participants ...
The relationship between static standing capacity and lower limb static strength in hemiparetic stroke patients

This study was undertaken to determine if static standing capacity in 81 hemiparetic stroke patients was related to the static strength of seven muscle groups of both the paretic and nonparetic lower extremities. Standing capacity was graded using an ordinal scale. Static strength was measured using a hand held dynamometer. Standing capacity was correlated (p<0.01) with the strength of six muscle groups of each lower extremity. Regression analysis revealed that standing capacity was predictable by the strength of the paretic muscle groups (adjusted R2 = 0.193, F = 3.74, p = 0.002), but not the nonparetic muscle groups (adjusted R2 = 0.121, F = 2.57, p = 0.020). Because of the distribution of standing scores in this study and the limited explanation of standing capacity by the strength measurements, further study is important if the factors responsible for standing capacity are to be identified. Such identification should help direct the choice of treatment strategies.
Prompt Recognition and Management of Postoperative Intracranial Hypotension-Associated Venous Congestion: A Case Report.

Postoperative intracranial hypotension-associated venous congestion (PIHV) is an uncommon cause of clinical deterioration after a neurosurgical procedure that is often unrecognized until late in its course. Functional outcomes range from remarkable neurological recovery to death. Little is understood about the reason for deterioration in certain patients compared with improvement in others. A 68-year-old man with a progressive cervical myelopathy underwent an uncomplicated cervical decompression and alignment restoration at our hospital and suffered violent generalized tonic–clonic seizures intraoperatively and postoperatively. A postoperative head CT showed a right parietal hematoma, but no other cranial findings. A subsequent MRI demonstrated what we describe as early PIHV with symmetric T2 signal changes in the bilateral deep gray structures. No diffusion restriction corresponded to these areas. A CT myelogram revealed a considerable CSF collection within the operative bed. Upon returning to the operating room to localize the source of the leak, a large dural tear was identified off of midline with a bone chip alongside the defect. The defect was repaired, and the patient remained comatose for over a week postoperatively. He made a remarkable gradual recovery, and after a month in the hospital and rehabilitation, he returned home with relatively minimal neurological deficits. We postulate that if caught early and treated aggressively, neurologic injury resulting from PIHV may be reversible despite initially ominous imaging. Neurosurgeons and neurointensivists should therefore be compelled to search for dural defects and return to the operating room for immediate repair.
Placing Satellite Radio in the Contemporary Radio Landscape

It is a Monday morning, 7:30 am EST, and as I get in the car to go to work (and as is my habit), I turn on the radio, hoping that during my 15 min commute National Public Radio’s (NPR) “Morning Edition” will give me something to use as a teaching moment in class that day. While this act has been part of my morning routine for many years, it is also a cultural practice involving delineations and compressions of time, space, and place. “Morning Edition” is produced in Washington D.C. and syndicated by my local NPR station. By the time I leave for work, I am not hearing “Morning Edition” broadcast live. I do, however, hear live broadcasts of regional news and announcements made by local my public radio station; thus, the broadcast is simultaneously live and pre-programmed, local and global (through syndication and streaming over the web). My car stereo receives the terrestrial signal from the local NPR station, a signal with defined spatial boundaries and limits. The frame of my car defines another spatial aspect of my morning radio routine: the listening space. If my car windows are open, the listening space expands beyond the confines of the car’s frame. The broadcast becomes part of my social space as I reflect on a particular story with a colleague later that day. Finally, as a listener to this program, I am connected to different places (spaces with meaning): some distant, some close and familiar. I am also connected to place through the regional accents of reporters and announcers, especially those from my local station. Finally, I am connected to place through the musical interludes during “Morning Edition,” which are chosen to reflect the story just reported. Even if I catch a “Morning Edition” broadcast in another context (e.g. hearing it coming from a colleague’s office) and hear those eight chords that mark the transition between broadcast segments, I immediately picture myself in a specific, familiar place: as a listener in my car.
Model for Design of Multicomponent Adsorption Systems

A predictive model for design of fixed-bed adsorbers for treatment of multicomponent waters and wastewaters is developed and compared to data from experimental systems. The model incorporates both liquid and solid phase resistances to mass transfer. The partial differential equations resulting from conceptual analysis of the model are solved numerically and the numeric algorithm is presented. Two bisolute systems, selected on the basis of providing a severe test of generality, are used for model verification. The components of one system exhibit substantially different affinities for adsorption as well as different intraparticle diffusion characteristics, while those of the second exhibit different adsorption affinities but similar microtransport characteristics. Satisfactory agreement is found between model predictions and experimental data under these rather broad conditions.
Isometric Strength Test Consistency over Time

Workmen's Compensation costs have become a major financial burden on industry. A significant part of these costs are the result of musculoskeletal injuries. One method of controlling these injuries is matching employees to jobs based on strength. Isometric strength testing has been shown to be an effective method of matching employee strength capability to job strength requirements. The use of screening test raises the question of test-retest consistency. This study was designed to determine the consistency of isometric strength test results over time. Thirteen student volunteer subjects (10m, 3F) participated in a testing protocol consisting of five strength tests performed a minimum of two times each at two week intervals. Four test sessions were held. An analysis of variance was used to identify week to week strength differences in the test population. Each of the five tests was analyzed separately and no significant week to week strength differences were found. This result further supports the validit...
Neurons in Polymer: Hardware Neural Units Based on Polymer Memristive Devices and Polymer Transistors

We present here incremental steps toward realizing a tangible polymer neuromorphic architecture in the form of McCulloch-Pitts (nonspiking) neurons made from polymer electronics components, namely, memristive read-only-memory devices, transistors, and resistors. In the implementation, the polymer memristive devices perform the equivalent of synaptic weighting, while a polymer resistor subcircuit performs the equivalent of somatic summing. The sum is sent to a single transistor to apply the activation function. The complete circuit approximates the function of a single neural unit, which would form the basis for a hardware artificial neural network. It is shown here that a single, two-input unit, fit with three memristive devices per input, can perform continuous value classification applied to an active tether application, with a maximum error of 5%.
ANGI-16IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES SHOW THAT BRAIN DERIVED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS STIMULATE MIGRATION OF HUMAN, MOUSE AND RAT GLIOMA CELLS

ANGI-16. IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES SHOW THAT BRAIN DERIVED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS STIMULATE MIGRATION OF HUMAN, MOUSE AND RAT GLIOMA CELLS Viveka Nand Yadav1,2, Gregory J. Baker1,2, Daniel A. Orringer1, Jason A. Heth1, Shawn Hervey-Jumper1, Oren Sagher1, Maria G. Castro1,2, and Pedro R. Lowenstein1,2; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal of human brain tumors. Glioma cells invade the brain by active migration along blood vessels, white matter tracts, interstitially, or surrounding the meninges. Molecular determinants of glioma migration patterns, i.e., those that attract glioma cells to blood vessels remain partially understood. We observed that several mouse and human glioma cells migrate primarily along the blood vasculature. Here, we tested the ability of human and mouse brain-derived endothelial (MBVE) cells to stimulate the migration of human, mouse and rat-derived glioma cell lines in an in vitro migration assay. Among different primary human glioma cell lines, HF2303 and MSP-12 cells showed significant directional migration while MGG8, IN859, IN2045 and U251 cells did not. Further, Gl26-cit, a mouse glioma and CNS1-cit a rat cell line also exhibited significant migration towards MBVE. These results were in line with our in vivo data wherein HF2303, and Gl26-cit, but not MGG8 cells, invaded mainly along blood vessels. Differential migration of various human glioma cell lines in response to MBVE cells in vitro is probably related to their growth patterns in vivo. To decipher the mechanism of GBM cell migration, we tested the role of various chemokines using in vitro migration assays. The migration of Gl26-cit and HF2303 towards MBVE were significantly inhibited by AMD3100, an inhibitor of CXCR4. Lastly,MBVE together with mouse astrocytes promote the in vitro migration of Gl26-cit cells to a greater extent than MBVE alone. In summary, the behavior of glioma cells in vitro is consistent with their migration patterns in vivo and therefore, using in vitro migration models are a good tool to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for glioma cell growth towards blood vessels. The CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling was found to be critical for the migration of both mouse and human glioma cell lines. Neuro-Oncology 17:v41–v44, 2015. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nov207.16 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology 2015.
Bonnie Miller’s recipe for success begins with hard work, risk-taking, and a heaping scoop of good humor

Bonnie Miller’s recipe for success begins with hard work, risk-taking, and a heaping scoop of good humor. In this Q&A, Miller shares details from her professional background and where her expertise in clinical operations, good clinical practices, standard operating procedures, infrastructure, training, and mentoring have taken her in her career.
Many-Electron Atoms

The electrons in many-electron atoms move in a potential field due to the nucleus and the other electrons. The wave functions of the electrons in this complex environment can only be obtained within the framework of some approximation scheme. One approximation, which has proved to be very useful, is to assume that the electrons move in an average field due to the nucleus and the other electrons. This approximation is called the independent-particle model. Another useful approximation called the central-field model is to assume that the potential field in which the electrons move is spherically symmetric. The central-field model provides a theoretical basis for the atomic shell model and for the regularities observed in the chemical elements.
Dissolved phosphorus concentrations in Cayuga Lake system and differences from two analytical protocols

ABSTRACTEffler SW, Prestigiacomo AR, Hairston NG, Auer MT, Kuczynski A, Chapra SC. 2016. Dissolved phosphorus concentrations in Cayuga Lake system and differences from two analytical protocols. Lake Reserve Manage. 32:392–401.Differences in the concentrations of dissolved forms of phosphorus (P) measured with 2 widely used spectral protocols were documented and evaluated for Cayuga Lake, New York, and 4 of its primary tributaries. The analysis focuses on 2 operationally defined forms of dissolved P, soluble reactive P (SRP) and soluble unreactive P (SUP), which together constitute dissolved P (TDP). Direct comparisons were based on analysis of the results from the 2 protocols of split samples of year-round deep water representative of the entire water column during turnover and the respective dependencies of tributary concentrations on stream flow. Although the TDP concentrations converged for the 2 protocols, there were systematic differences for the contributions of SRP versus SUP (i.e., one protocol y...
Some algebraic properties of Toeplitz and Hankel operators on polydisk

In this paper we characterize when the product of two Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space of polydisk is also a Toeplitz operator. We show that if the product of two Toeplitz operators is of finite rank, then one of them has to be zero. There are two natural ways of denfining Hankel operators on polydisk. Big Hankel operators are closely related to Toeplitz operators. However small Hankel operators on polydisk inherit many interesting properties of Hankel operators on the unit disk. We discuss when the product of two Hankel operators is of finite rank for both big and small Hankel operators. We also answer the question when the product of two small Hankel operators is also a Hankel operator. These results extend several results on unit disk obtained over the last four decades.