cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Presynaptic kainate receptors in primary afferents to the superficial laminae of the rat spinal cord.

Subunits of glutamate receptors participate in the regulation of sensory transmission at primary afferent synapses in the superficial laminae of dorsal horn (DH). We report here on the distribution of kainate receptors (GluR5/6/7) in these laminae by using light microscope (LM) and electron microscope (EM) immunocytochemistry. Standard (4%) paraformaldehyde fixation resulted in immunostaining for GluR5/6/7 in perikarya and fine processes in lamina II, especially its inner part (IIi). Preembedding EM revealed immunostaining of dendrites, perikarya, and occasional terminals, presumed to be from primary afferent fibers, at the center of glomerular arrangements. In rats perfused with 0.5% paraformaldehyde, LM showed a more punctate staining, mainly in the ventral part of lamina IIi and lamina III, than in material fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Approximately two-thirds of GluR5/6/7 puncta were also immunostained with synaptophysin, suggesting that in material fixed with 0.5% paraformaldehyde, a large fraction of these are synaptic terminals. Double immunostained puncta disappear 4 days after dorsal rhizotomy, suggesting that most of GluR5/6/7-immunopositive terminals are from primary afferent fibers. EM material fixed with 0.5% paraformaldehyde confirmed the expression of GluR5/6/7 in numerous synaptic endings with morphology of primary afferents. To determine the type of primary afferent terminals that express GluR5/6/7, two neuroanatomic tracers were injected in the sciatic nerves. The lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia (IB4) is selectively taken up by unmyelinated primary afferent fibers that terminate in the outer part of lamina II (IIo) and dorsal part of lamina IIi, whereas the B subunit of the cholera toxin (CTB) is selectively taken up by a broader class of primary afferents which, in superficial DH, terminate mainly in laminae I, ventral part of IIi, and III. Approximately 20% of GluR5/6/7-immunoreactive puncta colocalized with IB4, whereas approximately 40% of GluR5/6/7-immunoreactive puncta colocalized with CTB. The present study shows that (1) GluR5/6/7 does not have a clear and consistent spatial relation with postsynaptic sites, (2) a large number of primary afferents express GluR5/6/7, and (3) these are not limited to one functional class. Thus, modulation by glutamate of primary afferent terminals by means of kainate receptors in the superficial laminae of DH may predominantly involve presynaptic mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 436:275–289, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A convex parameterization of risk-adjusted stabilizing controllers

The focal point of this paper is the synthesis of controllers under risk-specifications. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the development of techniques for controller design where, instead of requiring that the performance specifications are met for every possible value of admissible uncertainty, it is required that the risk of performance violation is below a small well defined risk level. In contrast to previous work, where the search for the controller gains is done using randomized algorithms, the results in this paper indicate that for a class of uncertain linear time invariant systems, the search for the "risk adjusted" controller can be done efficiently using deterministic algorithms. More precisely, for the case when the characteristic polynomial of the closed loop system depends affinely on the uncertainty, we provide a convex parameterization of "risk-adjusted" stabilizing controllers. These results are also extended to the case where the distribution of the uncertainty vector q is not available. The only assumption is that the distribution belongs to a class of distributions /spl Fscr/ motivated by physical reasoning.
A method for the synthesis of 2-amino-4-fluoro-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid-[3H2]

A process for double deuterium labeling of an alcohol was developed. The process was utilized in the subsequent tritium labeling of a secondary alcohol with high specific activity (24 Ci/mmol) by reduction of the corresponding ketone using sodium borotritide. The starting ketone was first brominated with pyridinium tribromide; the resulting alpha bromoketone was then reduced in THF/alcohol in the presence of Ni(OAc)2. The alcohol was then converted to 2-amino-4-fluorobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid-[3H2], an mGluR agonist. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of A-band and B-band lipopolysaccharide on the surface characteristics and adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to surfaces

Summary: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 possesses two distinct lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-polysaccharide species, A- and B-band LPS, the relative expression of which appears to be under environmental control. In an attempt to identify the influence these LPS types have on surface characteristics and adhesion, we examined the surface hydrophobicity and surface charge of P. aeruginosa PAO1 (O5 serotype) and its isogenic LPS derivatives which possessed A+B−, A+B− and A−B− LPS. The surface characteristics of the strains affected their ability to adhere to hydrophilic (glass) and hydrophobic (polystyrene) surfaces. Cells possessing only A-band LPS demonstrated the highest surface hydrophobicity, followed by the strain lacking both A- and B-band LPS. The presence of B-band LPS resulted in a more hydrophilic surface. Strains lacking B-band LPS (A+B− and A−B−) had more electronegative surfaces than those possessing B-band LPS (A+B+ and A−B−), with cells lacking both A- and B-band LPS showing the highest surface electronegativity. These data suggest that the main surface-charge-determining groups reside in the core region of the LPS molecule. Cells with the lowest surface hydrophobicity and lowest surface charge (A−B−, A−B+) adhered to glass the most efficiently, implying a role for electrostatic interaction, whereas adhesion to polystyrene mirrored the relative hydrophobicities of the strains (A+B−>A+B−>A−B−>A+B+). It is postulated that phenotypic variation in the relative expression of A- and B-band LPS may be a mechanism by which P. aeruginosa can alter its overall surface characteristics in such a way as to influence adhesion and favour survival.
Complications of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer as an intraurethral bulking agent in men with stress urinary incontinence.

Objectives To report the short-term safety and efficacy of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVA) copolymer (Tegress; C.R. Bard, Inc., Covington, GA) in the off-label treatment of male stress urinary incontinence. Methods We reviewed the charts of all adult male patients who received EVA copolymer between 2005 and 2006 for demographics, physical examination findings, urodynamic findings, outcomes, and complications. Results A total of 17 of 18 men completed follow-up after receiving EVA during this time period. With an average of 1.4 injection sessions, 58.8% of patients experienced a complication related to the procedure, with 41.1% of these complications being urethral erosion of the material and 22% experiencing severe pain on injection. Subjective improvement of at least 50% was reported by 41.1% of patients. The mean follow-up period was 4.2 months. Conclusions Intraurethral bulking agents are meant to be a minimally invasive procedure with lower complication rates than alternatives such as the artificial urinary sphincter and male sling. The off-label use of EVA in men in this case series resulted in a significant complication rate. Urethral erosion was the most common complication causing dysuria, precluding further bulking in others, and resulting in loss of benefit with passage of material. In addition, EVA used in men may be less efficacious than the Food and Drug Aadministration data reported in women, especially with prior injectable therapy. In December 2006, EVA was voluntarily taken off the marketplace by CR Bard owing to reports from clinicians.
George Finlay's Contributions to the Discovery of the Stone Age in Greece

In 1869, the historian George Finlay published a small pamphlet in Greek, entitled Παρατηρήσeις ἐπἰ τῆς ἐν Ἑλβeτίᾳ και Ἑλλάδι Προϊστορικῆς Ἀρχαιολογίας (Observations on Prehistoric Archaeology in Switzerland and Greece), describing the discovery of Neolithic artefacts from Greece. This pamphlet is largely forgotten today, and the discovery of the Greek Stone Age is usually accorded to twentieth-century prehistorians (see e.g. Tsountas's excavations at Sesklo and Dimini). This article discusses Finlay's publication, and presents for the first time the transcription of the original English manuscript, upon which Παρατηρήσeις (Observations) was based. This material sheds light on the early stages of Aegean prehistory, and especially of Finlay's pioneering role.To 1869, ο ιστορικός George Finlay δημοσίeυσe στην eλληνική γλώσσα ένα eυσύνοπτο φυλλάδιο, μe τον τίτλο «Παρατηρήσeις ἐπἰ τῆς ἐν Ἑλβeτίᾳ καί Ἑλλάδι Προϊστορικῆς Ἀρχαιολογίας», όπου πeριέγραφe την ανακάλυψη στον eλλαδικό χώρο eυρημάτων του Νeολιθικού πολιτισμού. Το φυλλάδιο αυτό έχeι γeνικώς σήμeρα ξeχαστeί, eνώ η ανακάλυψη της eποχής του λίθου στον eλλαδικό χώρο, κατά κανόνα ταυτίζeται μe του μeλeτητές της eλληνικής προϊστορίας, οι οποίοι έδρασαν τον 20ο αιώνα (βλέπe ανασκαφές Τσούντα στο Σέσκλο και το Διμήνι). Το eν λόγω άρθρο πραγματeύeται τη δημοσίeυση του Finlay και παρουσιάζeται για πρώτη φορά η μeταγραφή του πρωτοτύπου αγγλικού κeιμένου, eπάνω στο οποίο βασίστηκαν οι παρατηρήσeις. Το υλικό αυτό διαφωτίζeι τα πρώιμα στάδια της Αιγιακής προϊστορίας, αναδeικνύοντας συγχρόνως τον πρωτοποριακό ρόλο, που διαδραμάτισe ο Finlay.
Social behaviour and illness information interact to influence the peer acceptance of children with chronic illness

Objectives. Social behaviour was investigated as a contributor to the peer acceptance of children with chronic illness. We predicted that children with illness would receive less acceptance than children without illness, and that prosocial behaviour would improve acceptance, while aggressive behaviour would hamper it. Based upon attribution and cognitive bias theories, we also predicted that prosocial behaviour would be more beneficial and aggressive behaviour less damaging to the acceptance of children with illness compared to healthy children. Design. A 3 (social behaviour: prosocial, aggressive, no information) × 2 (physical status: chronically ill, healthy) within-subjects analogue design was used. Methods. Preadolescents (N = 149) indicated social acceptance of hypothetical children portrayed in vignettes as either chronically ill or healthy with prosocial, aggressive, or no social behaviour. A 13-item social intentions scale gauged acceptance. Results. The hypotheses were supported. Although children described as ill received lower acceptance ratings than healthy children, prosocial/ill children were more accepted than aggressive/ill children. Social behaviour interacted with physical status to affect acceptance. Conclusions. Social behaviour influences the peer acceptance of hypothetical children with chronic illness. Prosocial behaviour enhances acceptance of children described with illness, while aggressive behaviour hampers it. Additionally, prosocial behaviour is more beneficial, and aggressive behaviour is less damaging for children described as ill versus healthy. The potential processes by which peers judge acceptance of children with illness are discussed.
Capital Accumulation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Income-group and Sector Differences

This paper highlights heterogeneity in the process of capital accumulation across different countries by income group in Sub-Saharan Africa, and estimates empirical specifications of private capital in the primary, industry and service sectors. The results indicate a more rapid accumulation of capital in the relatively high-income group and a widening public–private capital accumulation gap in the region. The level of GDP per capita, quality of governance and public capital stock are found to influence private capital accumulation. Unexpectedly, financial variables do not appear to matter.
Parallel files distribution

For parallel computations requiring massive data Input/Output, one of the goals is to maximize the use of the underling storage topology, in particular exploit the benefit of using local disks. This paper presents a mechanism to distribute independent data records from multiple files to multiple processing nodes and vice-versa. An allocation problem is solved using the Max-Flow algorithm. We give timing results using various read/distribute protocols. One application is to redistributing tasks (regions) for restarting parallel numerical integration runs.
Sources of Long-term Variability in Measurements of Lung Function: Implications for Interpretation and Clinical Trial Design

Background The objective of the study was to characterize the biological and technical components of variability associated with longitudinal measurements of FEV 1 and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (D lco ). Variability was apportioned to subject and instrument for five commercially available pulmonary function testing (PFT) systems: Collins CPL (Ferraris Respiratory; Louisville, CO); Morgan Transflow Test PFT System (Morgan Scientific; Haverhill, MA); SensorMedics Vmax 22D (VIASYS Healthcare; Yorba Linda, CA); Jaeger USA Masterscreen Diffusion TP (VIASYS Healthcare; Yorba Linda, CA); and Medical Graphics Profiler DX System (Medical Graphics Corporation; St. Paul, MN). Methods This was a randomized, replicated cross-over, single-center methodology study in 11 healthy subjects aged 20 to 65 years. Spirometry and D lco measurements were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Repetitive simulations of FEV 1 and D lco were performed on the same instruments on four occasions over a 90-day period using a spirometry waveform generator and a D lco simulator. Results The coefficient of variation associated with repetitive measurements of FEV 1 or D lco in subjects was consistently larger than that associated with repetitive simulated waveforms across the five instruments. Instrumentation accounted for 13 to 58% of the total FEV 1 and 36 to 70% of the total D lco variability observed in subjects. Sample size estimates of hypothetical studies designed to detect treatment group differences of 0.050 L in FEV 1 and 0.5 mL/min/mm Hg in D lco varied as much as four times depending on the instrument utilized. Conclusions These results provide a semiquantitative assessment of the biological and technical components of PFT variability in a highly standardized setting. They illustrate how instrument choice and test variability can impact sample size determinations in clinical studies that use FEV 1 and D lco as end points.
Post-CMOS Fabrication of Working Electrodes for On-Chip Recordings of Transmitter Release

The release of neurotransmitters and hormones from secretory vesicles plays a fundamental role in the function of the nervous system including neuronal communication. High-throughput testing of drugs modulating transmitter release is becoming an increasingly important area in the fields of cell biology, neurobiology, and neurology. Carbon-fiber amperometry provides high-resolution measurements of amount and time course of the transmitter release from single vesicles, and their modulation by drugs and molecular manipulations. However, these methods do not enable the rapid collection of data from a large number of cells. To allow this testing, we have developed a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) potentiostat circuit that can be scaled to a large array. In this paper, we present two post-CMOS fabrication methods to incorporate the electrochemical electrode material. We demonstrate by proof of principle the feasibility of on-chip electrochemical measurements of dopamine, and catecholamine release from adrenal chromaffin cells. The measurement noise is consistent with the typical electrode noise in recordings with external amplifiers. The electronic noise of the potentiostat in recordings with 400-?s integration time is ~ 0.11 pA and is negligible compared to the inherent electrode noise.
Appearance of Viable Bacteria in Acanthamoeba royreba After Amoebic Exposure to Megarad Doses of Gamma Radiation

We previously demonstrated that Legionella infection of Acanthamoebae royreba could result not only in the expected amplification of Legionella, but also in the appearance of bacteria other than Legionella. Extensive controls in these experiments were always negative for the presence of such bacterial “derivars”. In related studies on the radiation resistance of Acanthamoebae, cultures of A. royreba were shown to be highly resistant to gamma as well as alpha and UV irradiation. Cloned, axenic cultures of A. royreba were placed in antibiotic-free medium in sealed tubes and exposed to 1 Mrad of gamma radiation. The amoebae were not killed by this dosage. Of particular interest was the observation that bacterial growth occurred after several months, in some of the unopened, irradiated amoebae cultures stored at room temperature. Bacterial outgrowths were not seen in control amoebae populations which were not irradiated and incubated for the same length of time. In each experiment, the radiation-induced bacterial derivars differed morphologically from each other, some required specialized medium for growth and were resistant to radiation as was the “parent” amoebae.
El miedo y el Estado fragmentado: reflexiones sobre Egipto después de Mubarak

Todas las situaciones revolucionarias se caracterizan por el miedo, y por la valentia que lo trasciende. Todas suelen generar una desconfianza generalizada. Esto es tan cierto en el caso del levantamiento egipcio como en otras revoluciones. Pero el miedo y su opuesto no son emociones singulares. Este articulo intenta describir las diferentes modalidades del “miedo” que han jugado un rol central en la politica egipcia desde Mubarak: el miedo al fracaso en la consecucion de una democracia total, el miedo a la inestabilidad en la vida cotidiana, y el miedo a que la revolucion sea traicionada por los generales y los islamistas. Una tendencia importante en el despliegue de acontecimientos es el miedo a que el conflicto sectario enardecido por la reaccion destruya a la solidaridad nacional. Este articulo analiza en detalle el interrogante sobre el secularismo en el contexto egipcio, y concluye con un analisis del discurso religioso utilizado publicamente por una activista pro-democracia para incitar a la valentia ante el estado represor.
The “Make Your Own Religion” Project

The “Make Your Own Religion” class project was designed to address a perceived need to introduce more theoretical thinking about religion into a typical religion survey course, and to do so in such a way that students would experience the wonder of theoretical discovery, and through or because of that discovery hopefully both better retain knowledge gained from the project and nurture within themselves the practice of thinking more analytically about religion (and other social and cultural things). Despite a number of challenges and unresolved questions associated with the project, it has proven relatively successful at introducing and provoking theoretical thinking about religion in a compressed period of time, without taking an inordinate number of class periods away from the survey itself. A brief description and analysis of the assignment is followed by four short responses.
The Lockerbie Model

This piece, which will be published as a chapter in M. Cherif Bassiouni's three volume work, INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW (3rd edition, 2007), examines the creation and operation of the unique Scottish Tribunal in the Netherlands that prosecuted the Libyan intelligence officials accused of blowing up Pan American Flight 103 over Lockerbie in 1988. It critiques the judgment of the Tribunal and examines the diplomatic consequences. Finally, it evaluates the usefulness of this approach as a model for dealing with terrorist prosecutions in the future.
Compressive Stereo Cameras for Computing Disparity Maps

We examine compressive imaging within a stereo vision application in which a traditional correspondence algorithm is used to find pixel disparity maps. Through simulation we show that compressive imaging provides sufficient image fidelity to compute disparity maps.
“A Wryed Existence”: Attitudes Toward Children in Anglo-Saxon England

The theory of rediscovered childhood, as it has been called, was first proposed by French historians Philippe Aries and Pierre Riche. According to Aries and Riche, although intellectuals in the ancient world were aware of the differences and the transition between childhood and adulthood, the medieval world lost this distinction. They believed that children were only 'rediscovered' in the sixteenth century.1 This popular theory of medieval childhood is still evident in such historians as Barbara Greenleaf, who summarizes the point of view:
Carbaryl Resistance in Native and Released Populations of Amblyseius fallacis

Susceptibility data taken from mites originating from 11 commercial apple orchards in Michigan indicated that resistance to carbaryl in populations of Amblyseius fallacis is presently low even in blocks receiving light or moderate applications of this insecticide. Only when multiple, within-season applications (3–5/season) and consecutive yearly treatments (4–9 years) are maintained does a significant resistance develop which can have practical application in an integrated mite control program. Toxicological data were taken from predatory mites after organophosphate, carbamate and multiple organophosphorus and carbaryl-resistant strains were released separately into apple trees lacking native populations of this species. All trees received alternating treatments of azinphosmethyl and carbaryl the first year after the release of predators and only azinphosmethyl the 2nd year. Data indicated that predators were readily established, but in contrast to organophosphorus resistance, carbaryl resistance did not persist in mite populations after the above insecticide applications were applied.
Ring Activation of Furanic Compounds on Ruthenium-Based Catalysts

We employed a combination of isotopic labeling experiments, density functional theory calculations, and first-principles microkinetic modeling to investigate the mechanism of H/D exchange of furanic platform molecules. Alkylated furans (e.g., 2-methylfuran (2-MF)) exhibit appreciable H/D exchange, but furan and oxygenated furanics (e.g., furfuryl alcohol) do not. Detailed mass fragmentation pattern analysis indicates H/D exchange only occurs at unprotected α-carbons. Simulations show that, in the presence of coadsorbed toluene (solvent), the most likely pathway involves Ru surface mediated scission of the C–O bond in the furan ring at the unsubstituted carbon atom, followed by dehydrogenation, deuteration, and ring-closure steps. The degree of H/D exchange reaction depends mainly on the adsorption strength of exchange intermediates: strongly bound compounds, e.g., furan and furfuryl alcohol, inhibit H/D exchange via site blocking and slow desorption, whereas alkylated furans are sterically repelled by the...
Bis(benzenethiolato-S)(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-N,N')cadmium(II).

The title compound, [Cd(C6H5S)2(C14H12N2)], exists as monomeric mol­ecules with offset π-stacking interactions between the phenanthroline ligands in adjacent mol­ecules.
On the Design Parameters of the Delamination in Stacked Plastic Package

Stacked Chip Scale Package (SCSP) becomes popular recently because it increases package density and offers flexible component design at low cost. However, package reliability issues need to be carefully addressed because of the complex package geometry and structure. As one of the common failure modes, delamination is often encountered due to pre-existing defect and external loadings, such as thermal stress caused by different CTE of materials, hydro-swelling stress and vapor pressure caused by moisture desorption during reflow soldering. In SCSP, delamination often occurs along the interface of two dissimilar materials, primarily due to the weak interface bonding. Therefore, proper material selection and optimization of package structure are critical to reduce the risk of delamination in the design stage. Material selection is mainly based on the measurement of the interfacial fracture toughness or some quick-turn test to determine interface strength. Usually, the interfaces between die attach/die, die attach/substrate, mold/substrate and mold/die are evaluated. On the other hand, structural optimization is mainly carried out through numerical modeling to investigate the delamination sensitivity to stress, flaw size and position. Design parameters, such as die overhang, die thickness and bonding layer thickness are considered to have impact on the local stress distribution, which can lead to different delamination performance. Fracture mechanics based modeling, which can deal with pre-exist cracks, is adopted for this study. A typical multi-die stack chip scale package (CSP) is modeled by finite element to study the relationship between design parameters (die overhang, die thickness and bonding layer thickness) and stress intensity factor (SIF) for a delamination along die to mold compound interface. The effect of bonding layer (paste or adhesive film) CTE is also included in the present research as practically it can be changed by choosing different DA (die attach) materials. Optimized design parameters and considerations in package design can be proposed based on the modeling results.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Monitoring results of infection of Oncomelania Hupensis in Changzhou City from 2008 to 2012

Objective To understand the changes of snail situation in Changzhou City during 2008- 2012 so as to provide scientific basis for snail control strategy. Methods The snail monitoring data in Changzhou City from 2008 to 2012 was collected and analyzed. Results The total area with snails was 43.99 hm2from 2008 to 2012 in Changzhou City,and the newly discovered area was 6.94 hm2,accouned for 15.78%. There were 58 spots with snails totally found,the area of different types of marshland,lake beach,inland and mountain were 13.60 hm2,7.30 hm2,2.70 hm2,20.39 hm2,respectively, accounted for 30.92%,16.59%,6.14% and 46.35%. The main causes for reappearance of snail were due to poor molluscicidal effect and external input. In the past five years,the cumulative snail control area with molluscicides was 155.09 hm2,and the accumulated environmental modification area was 87.40 hm2. Conclusions In recent five years in Changzhou,the prevalence of snail was not stable and the monitoring of snail infection be strengthened after interruption of schistosomiasis transmission..
Mentoring for Faculty Engagement from a Socially and Culturally Situated Perspective

Faculty Mentoring facilitates success and can also be rewarding for both the mentor and the mentee as they engage in scholarly activities. Mentoring is a lifelong process, because as faculty interacts in various activities, they have the opportunity to work across different fields with others from diverse ethnicities, and in different contexts. This involves understanding of one’s identity, examination of the effects of inequitable treatment on traditionally marginalized people, and deep understanding of how a person’s unique worldview can enrich the exploration of academic and social endeavors. Mentoring for faculty engagement and successful career development carried out from a socially and culturally situated perspective becomes a transformative tool for a successful career development and social change.
Ritos Íntimos y Propuestas Éticas en el Proyecto Museos de Vivi Tellas

Vivi Tellas's Project Museums (1994-2000) invites us to examine the theatricality inherent in museums and, simultaneously, the ways in which theatre draws on functional and aesthetic elements from museums. Focusing on Federico Leon's Museo Miguel Angel Boezzio (1998), I discuss the impact of the use of autobiographical narratives onstage, taking into account observations by Hans-Thies Lehmann regarding this usage in a postdramatic context. I examine the ways in which the play crosses the boundary between real and fictional in order to establish an intimate connection with the audience and present possible modes of understanding the politicization of emotions onstage.
Sexual response after hysterectomy-oophorectomy: Recent studies and reconsideration of psychogenesis

Recent studies conducted in the United Kingdom show that 33% to 46% of women report decreased sexual response after hysterectomy-oophorectomy. The prevailing theory in the United States for over 30 years in counseling women is that such decreases are infrequent and, if they do occur, are psychogenic. The postulates of the psychogenesis theory were examined and found no longer tenable in the light of current physiologic knowledge of female sexuality, which suggests that when sexual response is diminished after this surgery, hormonal changes (including ovarian androgens) and anatomic changes (removal of the cervix-uterus as a trigger for orgasm in some women) may be etiologic factors. The newer knowledge may now be utilized in counseling the one of four women who reaches menopause through surgery. In cases of decreased response, women may be helped by hormone replacement therapy and/or conjoint sex therapy.
Reliability of dual- vs single-volume reconstruction of three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography for follow-up evaluation of endovascularly treated intracranial aneurysms.

INTRODUCTION Single-volume reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) can be effectively used for aneurysm assessment and planning of endovascular embolization. Unfortunately, post-embolization follow-up angiographic images can be obscured by artifact. The dual-volume reconstruction technique was developed in order to reduce artifact and enhance the visualization of the aneurysm, the parent vessel and side branches, and endovascular devices. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of dual- vs single-volume reconstruction of 3D DSA in evaluation of follow-up images after endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms. METHOD Four cerebrovascular neurosurgeons independently and blindly reviewed 20 randomly selected dual-and single-volume reconstructions of 3D DSAs demonstrating cerebral aneurysms treated with primary coil embolization, stent-assisted coil embolization, or Pipeline embolization. Five images were repeated for each modality (single and dual volume) in order to assess intra-rater reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated as a measure of the overall inter-rater agreement. Cohen's kappa value was used to assess repeat measurement consistency for each rater. RESULTS Overall inter-rater agreement using dual- and single-volume reconstruction was 0.81 and 0.75, respectively. Dual-volume reconstruction resulted in superior agreement in assessing location, occlusion status, position of aneurysm recanalization or residual, status of nearby branches, presence of coil migration and presence of intravascular devices (stent or Pipeline). CONCLUSION Three-dimensional reconstruction is an important complementary imaging technique in evaluating the angioarchitecture of aneurysms and recanalization after endovascular embolization. Dual-volume reconstruction imaging was associated with superior inter- and intra-rater reliability.
Environmental Survey by Manure Drag Sampling for Salmonella enteritidis in Chicken Layer Houses

The Salmonella enteritidis Pilot Project (SEPP) was started in April 1992 as a cooperative effort between federal and state agencies, university laboratories, and the poultry industry in Pennsylvania to identify on-farm management practices which would reduce the S. enteritidis threat to public health. The SEPP evolved into the Pennsylvania Egg Quality Assurance Program (PEQAP) in 1994. This program uses many production practices and testing protocols outlined in the SEPP. A survey was conducted in 1995 to help evaluate the effectiveness of the program in reducing the prevalence of S. enteritidis in layer flocks. Forty-seven egg laying houses that had been in the SEPP since 1992 were evaluated in 1995 for the presence of S. enteritidis in the environment. Six of 47 houses (13%) were found positive for S. enteritidis on the basis of data collected by manure drag sampling, whereas in 1992 18 of the 47 houses (38%) had been positive for S. enteritidis . The percentage of S. enteritidis -positive samples declined from 21% in 1992 to 3.2% in 1995. This survey provides some evidence that the on-farm risk-reduction management practices identified in the SEPP and subsequently incorporated into the PEQAP have reduced S. enteritidis infections in Pennsylvania flocks.
Resilient Off-Grid Microgrids: Capacity Planning and N-1 Security

Over the past century the electric power industry has evolved to support the delivery of power over long distances with highly interconnected transmission systems. Despite this evolution, some remote communities are not connected to these systems. These communities rely on small, disconnected distribution systems, i.e., microgrids to deliver power. However, as microgrids often are not held to the same reliability standards as transmission grids, remote communities can be at risk for extended blackouts. To address this issue, we develop an optimization model and an algorithm for capacity planning and operations of microgrids that include ${N}$ -1 security and other practical modeling features like ac power flow physics, component efficiencies, and thermal limits. We demonstrate the computational effectiveness of our approach on two test systems; a modified version of the IEEE 13 node test feeder and a model of a distribution system in a remote community in Alaska.
“Survival Mode”: Rebel Resilience and the Lord’s Resistance Army

ABSTRACTTo date, scholarly work on armed groups has seldom considered the notion of rebel resilience, or the factors that enable these groups to survive despite time, military pressure, and the myr...
Freeing TV spectrum with LPLT single frequency networks: Repacking irregularly distributed broadcasters

We evaluate for the existing UHF U.S. TV stations two ways to increase the spectrum reuse to repack them in a smaller block without reducing the coverage or bandwidth of any TV station. One way is to increase the transmit power of each broadcaster's only transmitter by the same number of dB, and another more effective way is to replace that transmitter with a low-power low-tower (LPLT) Single Frequency Network (SFN). We use data on existing transmitter location, power and irregular-terrain elevation by using the FCC interference analysis software TVStudy 2.0. Results show that a significant amount of spectrum can be freed, and that looking only at the number of channels that can be freed nationwide misses a significant part of the benefit.
Lightly-Supervised Modeling of Argument Persuasiveness

We propose the first lightly-supervised approach to scoring an argument’s persuasiveness. Key to our approach is the novel hypothesis that lightly-supervised persuasiveness scoring is possible by explicitly modeling the major errors that negatively impact persuasiveness. In an evaluation on a new annotated corpus of online debate arguments, our approach rivals its fully-supervised counterparts in performance by four scoring metrics when using only 10% of the available training instances.
The Rule of Three

Judges use the Rule of Three. Practitioners use the Rule of Three. And so do all manner of legal academics. Yet although many people seem to have an intuitive feel for how useful this rhetorical move is, no extended explanation of its mechanics and variety of forms exists. This essay offers that explanation. It begins with an introduction to the more straightforward form of the rule of three, which simply involves arranging information not in twos or fours or any other set of numbers—but rather in the trusty, melodic structure of threes. It then moves on to a closer look at some of the Rule of Three’s more subtle forms. And finally, it concludes with some playful questions and examples, each designed to make it easier to recognize and use the Rule of Three in memos, briefs, and many other kinds of legal writing.
Modulatory Systems of the Brainstem

As noted in previous chapters, the brainstem contains components of a number of different sensory and motor systems, including (1) second-, and third-order neurons of the somatosensory, auditory, and vestibular systems; (2) lower motor neurons in the cranial nerve nuclei; (3) preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system; (4) circuitry that mediates autonomic reflexes (for example, those that control breathing and cardiovascular function); (5) neurons that give rise to the descending brainstem pathways of the motor system (reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts); (6) neuronal groups that are part of cerebellar circuitry (olivary complex and the pontine nuclei); and (7) various sensory and motor tracts that relay information to and from the spinal cord.
A goal-directed intermediate level executive for image interpretation

GOLDIE is a system that has been developed to provide the top-down control of the low and intermediate level processes that create and modify the intermediate-level descriptions of image data used in image interpretation. The basic control structure of GOLDIE is the schema, a declarative specification of control strategies invoked in response to a request (goal) for a particular form of intermediate-level data. Using this control paradigm, high-level interpretation processes gain the ability to create or refine the intermediate-level data according to pre-defined goals and/or current hypotheses during interpretation. A variety of schemas for tasks such as region segmentation, line extraction, collinear line grouping, and line-based segmentation are currently implemented within the GOLDIE system.
Racial/ethnic disparity and predictors of leisure-time physical activity among U.S. men.

Objectives To examine racial/ethnic disparity in and predictors of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among men. Methods We used the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) 1999-2000 data, a multistage probability sampling design producing a U.S. representative sample of 23,459 adult males. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results The likelihood of engaging in irregular or regular LTPA was associated with younger age, being unmarried, lower household sizes, higher levels of education and income, home ownership, U.S. citizenship, perceived better health status, contact with a health professional within a year, being a non-smoker, living in the West, and residing in a midsize metropolitan statistical area. Hispanics were significantly less likely to engage in regular LTPA than Whites and higher percentages of Hispanics were physically inactive in almost all age and education groups when compared to other races. Disparity between Whites and Blacks was less pronounced. Non-citizen Hispanics were twice as likely to be inactive than citizens and White non-citizens were 40% more likely to be inactive than citizens. Conversely, Black citizens were 20% more likely to be inactive than non-citizens. Conclusions Racial/ethnic disparities exist after accounting for socio-demographic characteristics. Not being a citizen exacerbates the disparity between Hispanic and White men. While disparity did exist between Black and White men, this gap was not as large as between Hispanic and White men. Health-seeking behaviors, such as contact with a health professional and non-smoking status are modifiable and influence men of all racial and ethnic backgrounds to engage in LTPA.
Secure programming via visibly pushdown safety games

Several recent operating systems provide system calls that allow an application to explicitly manage the privileges of modules with which the application interacts. Such privilege-aware operating systems allow a programmer to a write a program that satisfies a strong security policy, even when it interacts with untrusted modules. However, it is often non-trivial to rewrite a program to correctly use the system calls to satisfy a high-level security policy. This paper concerns the policy-weaving problem, which is to take as input a program, a desired high-level policy for the program, and a description of how system calls affect privilege, and automatically rewrite the program to invoke the system calls so that it satisfies the policy. We present an algorithm that solves the policy-weaving problem by reducing it to finding a winning modular strategy to a visibly pushdown safety game, and applies a novel game-solving algorithm to the resulting game. Our experiments demonstrate that our algorithm can efficiently rewrite practical programs for a practical privilege-aware system.
Abstract TMP26: D-4f Treatment of Stroke in T2dm Mice Increases Abca1 Signaling and Promotes Neurorestorative Effects

Background: D-4F is an apolipoprotein-A1 mimetic peptide that improves stroke outcome in non-diabetic mice. In this study, we employ D-4F as a novel neurorestorative treatment for stroke in type 2 ...
CMR in Transcatheter Valve Interventions: State of the Art and Future Directions

Transcatheter valve interventions require careful planning and rely heavily on multimodality imaging. In contrast to echocardiography and computed tomography cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) remains underused in clinical practice. CMR techniques such as multiplanar cine imaging unlimited by echo windows or ionizing radiation exposure, quantification of flow, and advanced tissue characterization have the potential to add valuable complimentary information to the evaluation of patients with valvular heart disease. In this paper, we review the evidence for CMR to guide transcatheter valve interventions with a focus on practical applications for the interventionist.
Intranasal treatment with CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotides protects CBA mice from lethal equine herpesvirus 1 challenge by an innate immune response.

Abstract Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is the causative agent of a number of equine disease manifestations, including severe disease of the central nervous system, respiratory infections, and abortion storms. Our results showed that intranasal treatment with CpG-B oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN, 1826) protected CBA mice from pathogenic EHV-1 RacL11 challenge. The IFN-γ gene and seven interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were upregulated 39.4- to 260.3-fold at 8 h postchallenge in the lungs of RacL11-challenged mice that had been treated with CpG-B ODN. Interestingly, IFN-γ gene expression was upregulated by 26-fold upon RacL11 challenge in CpG-B ODN-treated mice lungs as compared to that of CpG-A ODN (ODN 1585)-treated mice lungs; however, the seven ISGs were upregulated by 2.4–5.0-fold, suggesting that IFN-γ is a major factor in the protection of CBA mice from the lethal challenge. Pre-treatment with IFN-γ significantly reduced EHV-1 yield in murine alveolar macrophage MH-S cells, but not in mouse lung epithelial MLE12 cells. These results suggest that CpG-B ODN may be used as a prophylactic agent in horses and provide a basis for more effective treatment of EHV-1 infection.
Sugiura Procedure (Esophagogastric Devascularization)

This chapter describes the Sugiura procedure for patients with bleeding esophageal varices refractory to medical treatment who are not candidates for liver transplants or portosystemic shunts. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description of the critical concepts and different techniques for this procedure is provided.
Motor ability, function, and health-related quality of life as correlates of symptom burden in patients with sclerotic chronic graft-versus-host disease receiving imatinib mesylate.

To explore improvement in motor ability, function, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and symptom severity in patients with sclerotic chronic graft-versus-host disease (ScGVHD) in response to treatment as well as the relationship among changes on such measures. This study was a secondary analysis of data from 13 individuals with severe ScGVHD enrolled in a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of imatinib mesylate ( clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00702689 ). Self-reported, clinician-reported, and performance-based indicators of motor ability, function, HRQOL, and symptom severity were assessed at baseline and 6 months following the administration of imatinib mesylate. Participants did not show statistically significant improvement on any measures over time. Approximately one-third of patients displayed clinically significant improvement on measures of motor ability (palmar pinch strength, dominant hand, 30.8%), functioning (Manual Ability Measure—36, 41.7%), HRQOL (Short Form 36 [SF-36] Mental Component Summary, 33.3%), and symptom severity (Lee Symptom Scale, 38.5%). Improvement in cGVHD symptom burden was correlated with improvement in function (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills [AMPS] and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand [DASH] scores) and HRQOL (SF-36 Physical Component Summary scores). Findings suggest the potential utility of administering patient-reported and performance-based functional measures, such as the DASH and the AMPS, to patients with cGVHD. By understanding the functional consequences of ScGVHD, interdisciplinary teams of health care providers, including rehabilitation professionals, can work to improve long-term outcomes.
Formele beoordeling van zelfverwonding

De tweede component van Stap 1 van het stepped-caremodel (zie fig. II.1 in de inleiding van deel II) is de formele beoordeling van zelfverwonding. Deze activiteit stelt de behandelaar in staat om verder te gaan dan zijn intuitie en praktijkkennis en tot een formelere, op bewijs gebaseerde inschatting te komen. Dit hoofdstuk begint met een casus die het belang van de formele beoordeling onderstreept. Later in het hoofdstuk (zie par. 8.4) wordt dieper ingegaan op het nut van formele beoordeling bij deze casus over Marissa.
Performance Analysis of Air-to-Water Optical Wireless Communication Using SPADs

Establishing highly reliable optical wireless communication links to submerged receivers exposed to insufficient light requires highly sensitive receivers with the ability to detect each photon carrying information. To this end, single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) receivers can be considered an appropriate option for the optical receiver system as they benefit from active quenching and biasing circuits, and offer a considerably high breaking voltage, providing the optical system with the ability to detect every single received photon in the ideal case. However, the sensitivity and bandwidth of the existing SPAD receivers have been limited by their dead time and limited photon detection efficiency. In this study, the performance of underwater SPAD receivers in detecting transmitted information from an optical transmitter located in the free space above the sea surface was assessed. To this end, the saddle-point approximation was used along with the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution to statistically model the fading coefficient of the air-to-water optical wireless communication channels and the statistical photon counting behavior of SPADs. The performance of the communication link was then assessed by obtaining the analytical relations for bit error rate. Finally, the results of numerical simulations are presented and the negative effects of dead time on information detection in the optical receiver system in various transmission bit rates are studied.