cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Target tracking without line of sight using range from radio

We propose a framework for utilizing fixed ultra-wideband ranging radio nodes to track a moving target radio node in an environment without guaranteed line of sight or accurate odometry. For the case where the fixed nodes' locations are known, we derive a Bayesian room-level tracking method that takes advantage of the structural characteristics of the environment to ensure robustness to noise. For the case of unknown fixed node locations, we present a two-step approach that first reconstructs the target node's path using Gaussian Process Latent Variable models (GPLVMs) and then uses that path to determine the locations of the fixed nodes. We present experiments verifying our algorithm in an office environment, and we compare our results to those generated by online and batch SLAM methods, as well as odometry mapping. Our algorithm is successful at tracking a moving target node without odometry and mapping the locations of fixed nodes using radio ranging data that are both noisy and intermittent.
Lead Analysis in Soils and Sediments at the Saginaw Field and Stream Club

Abstract Samples from the Saginaw Field and Stream Club in Saginaw County, Michigan, were collected to determine whether lead levels at the club shooting ranges pose a threat to the environment. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine lead levels in soil and sediment samples digested for total lead as well as soluble lead. Lead was present at levels exceeding 10,000 mg/kg in some surface soil samples. In general, lead was pervasive at the site in both metallic and soluble forms. Each of the shooting ranges contains areas where lead occurs at concentrations significantly in excess of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality criteria and therefore poses a potential risk to the human users of the land as well as to the native wildlife.
From Computer Celebrities to Historical Biography

In the wake of the recent passing of the legendary personal computer pioneer and Apple CEO Steve Jobs, journalists and bloggers around the world rushed to publish their reflections on his life and legacy. The focus of some of this coverage was speculation about the future of the company that Jobs has been intimately associated with since its creation, but much of it was also historical, or at least biographical, in nature. Even before his untimely death, the biography of Steve Jobs has long been a subject of sustained popular interest, and for very good reasons. Not only was Jobs a seminal figure in the development of several revolutionary new industries but he was an attractive and charismatic figure. Stories about his personal idiosyncrasies, perfectionist tendencies, and confrontational leadership style are legion, and he has been the subject of hundreds of journalistic profiles and several full-length biographies. With the possible exception of Bill Gates, Steve Jobs is the computer industry's most visible representative, and its paradigmatic exemplar: the brash young kid turned computer revolutionary turned accidental billionaire turned industry visionary.
CORRECTIONS TO THE HARTREE--FOCK APPROXIMATION FOR HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEAR MATTER.

The convergence of a modified Goldstone linked-cluster expansion for the binding energy of nuclear matter is considered for the Tabakin and Elliott-Flowers potentials. It is argued that a comparison of the first-order term with the second-order term cannot give a direct indication of the convergence of the series. Calculations have therefore been performed to evaluate all terms through third order. For the Elliott-Flowers potential the third-order terms amount to 26% of the second-order contribution; for the Tabakin potential they are less than about 10%.
Human herpesvirus 6 and Chlamydia pneumoniae as etiologic agents in multiple sclerosis - a critical review.

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought by many investigators to have an infectious component, and several microorganisms have been associated with the disease during the last three decades. Recent studies have implicated both human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae in the etiology of MS. As with earlier studies of other potential agents, however, evidence linking either of these organisms to the disease is equivocal. In this article, we review data for and against involvement of HHV-6 and C. pneumoniae in MS, as well as evidence concerning auxiliary factors, such as possession of the APOE ϵ4 allele, which may influence the role of these organisms in pathogenesis. Further, we suggest several lines of investigation that should clarify whether either or both pathogens are associated meaningfully with this disease.
Targeting and selection of mutations in human Vλ rearrangements

The impact of somatic hypermutation on the lambda light chain repertoire of individual IgM+ peripheral B cells in the absence (nonproductive rearrangements) and presence (productive rearrangements) of selective influences was analyzed. In the 27 mutated nonproductive VlambdaJlambda, rearrangements obtained from individual peripheral B cells, a significantly greater mutational frequency was observed in the complementarity-determining region (CDR) in comparison to the framework region (FR), whereas the mutational frequencies in both the CDR and FR of the 100 mutated productive VlambdaJlambda rearrangements were significantly greater. R mutations were introduced comparably in CDR and FR of nonproductive VlambdaJlambda rearrangements, but were significantly decreased in FR of productive VlambdaJlambda rearrangements. The majority of codons defined as hot spots for R mutations were within CDR in both the nonproductive and productive VlambdaJlambda rearrangements. Targeting of mutations to RGYW/WRCY motifs was observed such that 38% of all mutations in the nonproductive VlambdaJlambda rearrangements were within RGYW/WRCY motifs. Mutations in RGYW/WRCY motifs were positively selected and accounted for >50% of all mutations in the mutated productive VlambdaJlambda rearrangements. These data indicate that targeting of the mutational machinery and selection of mutations in these targeted motifs play major roles in influencing nucleotide changes in VlambdaJlambda rearrangements.
Outsourcing the student resNet: (we've had enough!)

This paper describes the problems Ithaca College faced in continuing to provide service and support for the student residential network (ResNet). It also details the rationale and decision making process to outsource ResNet and outlines the timeline of events needed to make the change by the beginning of the Fall 2004 semester.
‘Any schmuck can consume’: a response

Murray Rothbard misunderstood what Mises meant by‘consumer sovereignty’. But Rothbard fully understood how producer decisions are shaped by the desire to anticipate the preferences of consumers.
The formation and properties of aluminum pectinates

Abstract The extent of precipitation of pectinic acids by aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, and potassium alum as affected by pH, concentration of aluminum salt, and concentration of pectinic acids was determined and optimum conditions for the formation of aluminum pectinate were evaluated. Changes in viscosity, turbidity, and pH during precipitation were related to changes in properties of the aluminum pectinate recovered, and it was concluded that ion exchange rather than mutual colloidal precipitation was involved in formation of aluminum pectinates.
Hydrolyses of Dinitroalkoxyphenyl Phosphates in Aqueous Cationic Micelles. Acceleration by Premicelles

Hydrolyses of dianionic 2,4-dinitrophenyl phosphate, substituted at position 5 by Me, OMe, n-OC14H29 (DNMePP2-, DNMeOPP2-, and DNTDOPP2- respectively) are accelerated by cationic micelles of cetyl trialkylammonium bromide (CTABr, CTPABr, and CTBABr, with alkyl = Me, n-Pr, and n-Bu, respectively). There are well-defined rate maxima in dilute surfactant, below the critical micelle concentration, for reaction of DNTDOPP2- in the sequence CTBABr > CTPABr > CTABr, because of acceleration by premicelles which is not observed with the methoxy and unsubstituted derivatives. The rate maxima disappear as these species “dissolve” in micelles at higher surfactant concentrations.
Increased use of marijuana and other illicit drugs at US colleges in the 1990s: results of three national surveys

Aims. To examine rates and patterns of marijuana and other illicit drug use among different types of students and colleges in 1999, and changes in use since 1993. Design. Self-administered mail survey (Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study). Setting. One hundred and nineteen nationally representative US 4-year colleges. Participants. A representative sample of 15 403 randomly selected students in 1993, 14 724 students in 1997 and 14 138 students in 1999. Measurements. Self-reports of marijuana and other illicit drug use in the past 30 days and in the past year, cigarette use, drinking behavior, and age of initiation of smoking, drinking and using marijuana. Findings. The prevalence of past 30-day marijuana use rose from 12.9% to 15.7% between 1993 and 1999, an increase of 22%. Almost all of this change occurred by 1997. An increase was observed at 66% of the 119 colleges. The prevalence of 30-day and annual marijuana use increased in nearly all student demographic subgroups except for Hispanic students, and at all types of colleges except for colleges with low binge drinking rates. Rates of illicit drug use in the past 30 days increased slightly for other illicit drugs in the 4-year interval except for LSD. Nine out of 10 students (91%) who used marijuana in the past 30 days used other illicit drugs, smoked cigarettes and/or engaged in binge drinking. Of students who used any other illicit drug in the past 30 days, 87% used another substance or binge drank. Twenty nine per cent of past 30-day marijuana users first used marijuana and 34% began to use marijuana regularly at or after the age of 18, when most were in college. Conclusions. Use of marijuana and other illicit drugs has increased on campuses across the United States in most student subgroups and all types of colleges. This may reflect earlier increases in middle schools and secondary schools among this cohort. However, nearly one-third of students initiated marijuana use in college and one of three began to use it regularly. Intervention efforts should be directed at college students, as well as secondary school students.
DOPPLER FLOW INDICES IN THE CENTRAL AORTA OF NEONATES

Gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography (GPDE) allows non-invasive examination of cardiac index. Regional systolic blood flow (RSBF), however, is a more relevent parameter in many congenital cardiovascular anomalies. This study examined the central aortic systolic waveform in normal neonates to establish indices of regional systemic systolic blood flow in the ascending and descending aorta. Combined subxyphoid two dimensional and GPDE were performed in the ascending and desending aorta of twenty normal neonates, 68+/−13 hours of age. The peak systolic frequency (PSF), frequency time intergral (FTI), cycle length and ejection time were measured and corrected, when indicated, for incident echo beam angle. The calculated RSBF in the ascending aorta was 4.04 (+/−11%) liters per minute per meter squared (L/min/m2) and 2.58 L/min/m2 (+/−25%) in the descending supraceliac thoracico-abdominal aorta. These values were comparable to the historical normal values of 2.8-4.6 and 2.1-3.5 liters/min/meter 2, respectively. A linear relationship, independent of cycle length, existed between the FTI and the corrected peak frequency. The FTI represents a rate independent ejection phase index of effective stroke volume. Noninvasive quantitation of ascending and thoracico-abdominal descending aortic blood flow should be a useful adjunt in evaluating cardiovascular anomalies of the neonate and therapuetic interventions for their management.
Forskolin activation of an identified peptide-sensitive motoneurone in Aplysia.

Abstract Activation of a physiological response by the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, has been suggested as a new criterion for testing the role of cyclic AMP. In Aplysia, motoneurone B16, which innervates muscle 15, is activated by the peptide egg-laying hormone (ELH). In high magnesium-low calcium medium, used to block synaptic activity, forskolin produced a similar response to ELH. Forskolin, at a concentration of 100 microM, consistently activated the ELH-sensitive neurone; vehicle produced no response while 30 microM forskolin usually produced lower levels of activity than 100 microM. The data are consistent with cyclic AMP mediation of the ELH response.
The response of stream periphyton to Pacific salmon: using a model to understand the role of environmental context

SUMMARY 1. In stream ecosystems, Pacific salmon deliver subsidies of marine-derived nutrients and disturb the stream bed during spawning. The net effect of this nutrient subsidy and physical disturbance on biological communities can be hard to predict and is likely to be mediated by environmental conditions. For periphyton, empirical studies have revealed that the magnitude and direction of the response to salmon varies from one location to the next. Salmon appear to increase periphyton biomass and/or production in some contexts (a positive response), but decrease them in others (a negative response). 2. To reconcile these seemingly conflicting results, we constructed a system dynamics model that links periphyton biomass and production to salmon spawning. We used this model to explore how environmental conditions influence the periphyton response to salmon. 3. Our simulations suggest that the periphyton response to salmon is strongly mediated by both background nutrient concentrations and the proportion of the stream bed suitable for spawning. Positive periphyton responses occurred when both background nutrient concentrations were low (nutrient limiting conditions) and when little of the stream bed was suitable for spawning (because the substratum is too coarse). In contrast, negative responses occurred when nutrient concentrations were higher or a larger proportion of the bed was suitable for spawning. 4. Although periphyton biomass generally remained above or below background conditions for several months following spawning, periphyton production returned quickly to background values shortly afterwards. As a result, based upon our simulations, salmon did not greatly increase or decrease overall annual periphyton production. This suggests that any increase in production by fish or invertebrates in response to returning salmon is more likely to occur via direct consumption of salmon carcasses and/or eggs, rather than the indirect effects of greater periphyton production. 5. Overall, our simulations suggest that environmental factors need to be taken into account when considering the effects of spawning salmon on aquatic ecosystems. Our model offers researchers a framework for testing periphyton response to salmon across a range of conditions, which can be used to generate hypotheses, plan field experiments and guide data collection.
How Does a Constructivist Teach Teachers

(1997). How Does a Constructivist Teach Teachers? Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 23-26.
Parallel processing for transient nonlinear structural dynamics of three-dimensional framed structures using domain decomposition

Abstract A strategy is presented for the solution of the fully nonlinear transient structural dynamics problem in a coarse-grained parallel processing environment. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of three-dimensional framed structures subjected to arbitrary dynamic loading and, in particular, steel building frames subject to earthquake loading. Concerns include long-duration dynamic loading, geometric and material nonlinearity, and the wide distribution of vibrational frequencies found in frame models. The implicit domain decomposition method described employs substructuring techniques and then a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm for the iterative solution of the reduced set of unknowns along the substructure interfaces. Substructuring is shown to provide a natural preconditioner for effective parallel iterative solution.
DETERMINATION OF THE IN VIVO ABSORPTION AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROPERTIES OF THE LICHEN Acarospora schleicheri USING PHOTO ACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY

— Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to determine the in vivo spectra of the stratified components of the lichen Acarospora schleicheri. There were three pigmented layers observed by the photoacoustic method: an absorption band associated with the pigment rhizocarpic acid, a bulk cytochrome absorption, and the absorption of the algal chloroplast. Due to the different absorption properties of these distinct layers, the photoacoustic technique was able to monitor the physical effect of hydration on the lichen. Hydration of the lichen reduced the scatter of the sample, increasing the effective incident light intensity within the sample. Hydration also resulted in an increase in the optical absorption coefficient of the algal layer, which was interpreted as a movement of the algal chloroplast in response to low light fluence and hydrated conditions. The photoacoustic technique was also used to monitor the relative photosynthetic activity of the algae within the lichen in a hydrated and dehydrated state. The photosynthetic assay could detect photosynthetic activity in the hydrated state but not in the dehydrated state. In addition, the photosynthetic response was found to be induced and repressed with light and dark periods respectively and its detection was limited at high frequencies by the damping of the thermal wave from the algal layer.
Aspectos cinemáticos del mecanismo de mordida premaxilar en los géneros Cauque, Basilichthys y Austromenidia (Teleostei, Atherinidae)

Se analiza el mecanismo de mordida premaxilar de distintas especies de los generos Cauque, Austromenidia y Basilichthys, a traves de modelos cinematicos de cuatro barras, que permiten describir las caracteristicas de los movimientos de las piezas bucales. En Cauque y Austromenidia las trayectorias angulares de premaxilar y mandibula son semejantes y muestran un incremento en la velocidad del premaxilar a medida que se aproxima a la posicion de cierre, mientras que en las especies de Basilichthys el premaxilar se mueve muy poco en relacion al desplazamiento de la mandibula y mantiene una velocidad angular constante durante toda la trayectoria. Se relacionan las caracteristicas funcionales del mecanismo con las siguientes proporciones estructurales medidas en especimenes de varias especies: borde mandibular / distancia cuadrado-palatino, borde mandibular / longitud premaxilar, distancia cuadrado-palatino / protraccion premaxilar maxima, y distancia cuadrado-palatino / borde mandibular
EDKC Selectively Photosensitizes Respiration Of Malignant Cells In Vitro.

We have shown previously that the cationic cyanine dye, EDKC, which photosensitizes malignant cells in vitro and in vivo, blocks respiration in isolated murine liver mitochondria by preferentially inactivating Complex I mediated electron transport. The present work was directed towards examining whether the killing of malignant cells with EDKC and visible radiation was a result of irreparable damage to mitochondria of these cells. We report that EDKC selectively photosensitizes respiration of squamous carcinoma and melanoma cells in vitro. At 0.1 uM, the dye inhibited basal respiration, however, an uncoupler, FCCP, reverted the respiration rate to the control uncoupled rate. Furthermore, the basal respiration of control or EDKC treated cells was totally inhibited by oligomycin, an inhibitor of FoFiATPase, indicating that the respiration was coupled to phosphorylation. After irradiation with 700 + 20 nm light (14 J/cm2) in the presence of 0.1 uM dye, basal respiration was slightly enhanced compared to that of the dye treated cells, however, FCCP-stimulated respiration was drastically lowered. In addition, only 10-20% of the basal respiration was blocked by oligomycin, indicating that a major part of respiration was no longer coupled to phosphorylation. Furthermore, almost no recovery of the mitochondria! respiratory function was detected 6 hr after treatment. Respiration of an untransformed monkey kidney cell line (CV-1) was only minimally affected by ten fold higher dye concentration (1 uM) and 14 J/cm2 radiation.
Effects of magnesium, ruthenium red and the antibiotic ionophore A-23187 on initial rates of calcium uptake and release by heart mitochondria

Abstract Initial rates of calcium uptake by rabbit heart mitochondria were measured by dual-beam spectroscopy. Mg2+ produced a marked reduction in the rate of Ca2+ uptake. In the absence of Mg2+, Ca2+-stimulated mitochondrial respiration could not be further increased by addition of ADP. After Ca2+ addition with Mg2+ present, ADP produced apparent coupled respiratory stimulation. Both the Ca2+ transport inhibitor, ruthenium red, and the divalent cation-specific, ionophoretic antibiotic, A-23187, inhibited Ca2+ uptake in the presence or absence of Mg2+. Ruthenium red added to mitochondria after Ca2+ accumulation caused a slow efflux of Ca2+ from mitochondria; A-23187 caused a rapid discharge of accumulated Ca2+ from mitochondria in the presence or absence of ruthenium red. The results suggest that Mg2+ exerts a “protective” effect on the mitochondrial phosphorylating mechanism and may modulate the competitive effects of Ca2+ and ADP for electron transport chain-generated energy. Further, the effects of ruthenium red and A-23187 suggest the possibility of two pathways or “channels” for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release.
Kinetic analysis of the 5-HT2A ligand [11C]MDL 100,907.

The goal of this study was to develop a suitable kinetic analysis method for quantification of 5-HT2A receptor parameters with [11C]MDL 100,907. Twelve control studies and four preblocking studies (400 nmol/kg unlabeled MDL 100,907) were performed in isoflurane-anesthetized rhesus monkeys. The plasma input function was determined from arterial blood samples with metabolite measurements by extraction in ethyl acetate. The preblocking studies showed that a two-tissue compartment model was necessary to fit the time activity curves of all brain regions including the cerebellum—in other words, the need for two compartments is not proof of specific binding. Therefore, a three-tissue compartment model was used to analyze the control studies, with three parameters fixed based on the preblocking data. Reliable fits of control data could be obtained only if no more than three parameters were allowed to vary. For routine use of [11C]MDL 100,907, several simplified methods were evaluated. A two-tissue (2T‘) compartme...
Respiration of Tritrichomonas foetus: components detected in hydrogenosomes and in intact cells by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry.

Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry (EPR) techniques revealed a complex set of redox components in intact respiring cells of Tritrichomonas foetus, an aerotolerant anaerobic protozoon which lacks mitochondria. One of the two main systems of terminal respiration of this organism is the hydrogenosomal system, which oxidizes puruvate and other substrates. EPR analysis of hydrogenosome-enriched fractions, prepared by differential centrifugation, revealed the presence of at least five redox components with midpoint potentials ranging from −305 to −115 mV; most of these are likely to represent iron-sulfur cluster. Signals indicating relatively stable flavin free radicals were also observed. Involvement of these redox components in the electron transport system of T. foetus hydrogenosomes is suggested.
Squirrel monkey immunophilin FKBP51 is a potent inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor binding.

Squirrel monkeys have high circulating cortisol to compensate for expression of low-affinity glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). We have demonstrated that the FK506-binding immunophilin FKBP51 is elevated in squirrel monkey lymphocytes (SML) and, in preliminary studies, have shown that squirrel monkey FKBP51 is inhibitory to GR binding. In this report, we have demonstrated that elevated FKBP51 is the unequivocal cause of glucocorticoid resistance in SML in the following ways: 1) FK506 increased GR binding in cytosol from SML in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect reproduced by rapamycin but not cyclosporin A. The apparent Kd (6.1 nm) and rank-order of steroid displacement of[ 3H]dexamethasone binding in FK506-treated SML cytosol are characteristic of high-affinity GR binding. 2) cytosol from COS-7 cells expressing squirrel monkey FKBP51 inhibited GR binding in cytosol from human lymphocytes by 74%. Cytosol from COS-7 cells expressing human FKBP51 inhibited GR binding by 23%. 3) expression of squirrel ...
Woodward, Robinson, and strychnine: chemical structure and chemists' challenge.

L'A. demontre comment la structure chimique de la strychnine a ete etablie malgre l'opposition entre deux celebres chimistes du XX e siecle, Woodward (R.) et Robinson (R.)
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer xenografts with large‐cell and small‐cell features derived from a single patient's tumor: Morphological, immunohistochemical, and gene expression profiles

BACKGROUND Small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of the prostate is an AR-negative variant of prostate cancer found at progression in 10–20% of castrate-resistant disease. Its finding predicts a distinct clinical course and a poor prognosis. Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a much rarer variant that behaves similarly to SCC. The biological mechanisms that drive these disease variants are poorly understood. METHODS Eight tumor fragments from the salvage pelvic exenteration specimen of a patient with castrate-resistant prostate carcinoma were subcutaneously implanted into 6- to 8-week-old male CB17 SCID mice. Serial tissue sections and tissue microarrays of the resulting MDA PCa 144 xenograft lines were used for histopathologic and immunohistochemical characterization of the xenografts and their tissue of origin. RNA from two representative xenograft sublines was used for gene-expression profiling. RESULTS All eight fragments formed tumors: four of the MDA PCa 144 xenograft sublines had morphologic characteristics of SCC and four, of LCNEC. All retained high fidelity to their parent tumor tissue, which remained stable through serial passages. Morphological transitions in the specimen of origin suggested LCNEC represents an intermediate step between adenocarcinoma and SCC. Over 2,500 genes were differentially expressed between the SCC (MDA PCa 144-13) and the LCNEC (MDA PCa 144-4) sublines and enriched in “Nervous System Development” Gene Ontology subtree. CONCLUSION The eight xenograft models described represent the spectrum of neuroendocrine carcinomas in prostate cancer and will be valuable preclinical tools to study the pathogenesis of and therapy targets for this increasingly recognized subset of lethal prostate cancer. Prostate 71:846–856, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma and oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota): Report of a case and review of the literature

A 29-year-old white man, with oculodermal melanocytosis, had a rapidly enlarging, erythematous, painful nodule over his left brow, within the nevus. The lesion was excised and diagnosed as a malignant melanoma. Systemic evaluation showed no evidence of distant disease. This is the tenth case reported of a cutaneous melanoma developing in a nevus of Ota. Melanoma arising in the choroid, brain, orbit, iris, ciliary body, or optic nerve in association with a nevus of Ota is well documented. Careful observation is necessary in patients with a nevus of Ota, particularly in white patients, in whom malignant degeneration seems to occur with a disproportionate frequency.
Epidemiology of oculoplastic conditions: the Singapore experience.

Purpose: To study the prevalence of eyelid, lacrimal, orbital conditions in an outpatient and surgical environment in a tertiary care hospital in Singapore.Methods: An 8-month study was conducted in the Oculoplastics Department at the National University Health System (NUHS). Demographic data, diagnosis details and surgical records were compared.Results: Of 623 patients seen over 906 visits, prevalence was as follows: eyelid (60.3%), orbital (20.6%), lacrimal (16.3%), dysthyroid exophthalmos (6.0%). Sixty-two (10.0%) patients had more than one condition. The most common conditions encountered included blepharoptosis, lacrimal obstruction, and orbital deformities (including fractures). During the same period, distribution of surgical procedures was as follows: eyelid (77.4%), lacrimal (13.1%) and orbit (9.5%). Interestingly, epiblepharon correction comprised 9.5% of the clinical/surgical cases.Conclusions: Although eyelid related conditions are most common, lacrimal and orbital pathologies cause significan...
Massive Tongue Swelling in Refractory Status Epilepticus Treated with High-Dose Pentobarbital

The potential causes of acquired macroglossia are extensive. The authors report two cases of subacute marked tongue swelling resulting in airway compromise in patients with refractory status epilepticus requiring prolonged pentobarbital coma. The hospitalization histories of the reported patients were retrospectively reviewed. The tongue swelling completely resolved in one case and significantly improved in the other after discontinuation of pentobarbital infusion or switching to phenobarbital. The authors speculate that the causes were multifarious, likely a combination of localized angioedema due to barbiturate vehicle and triggered by an initial tongue bite. Progressive tongue swelling causing airway obstruction can occur well beyond the acute phase of status epilepticus and may potentially cause problems with extubation in nontracheotomized patients.
Constructing The Pomerium in Las Vegas: A Case Study of Emerging Trends in American Gated Communities

Private communities, many of them gated, are the predominant form of new housing construction across much of the United States. The rapid spread of this institution is driven by structural forces such as rising land costs, local government fiscal constraints, and consumer preferences for security and control over space. Some municipalities, such as Las Vegas, are actively promoting this transformation of home ownership and governance. New housing developments must be governed by private homeowner associations and existing neighbourhoods are under pressure to become private communities. This paper presents the case study of Bonanza Village, an old Las Vegas neighbourhood that was turned into a gated community, over the objections of many of its residents, through concerted action of a neighbourhood homeowner association and the City of Las Vegas.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Arnold et al.’s Parenting Scale Across Race, Age, and Sex

We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to investigate the factor structure of several models of Arnold et al.’s Parenting Scale [Arnold et al. (1993). Psychological Assessment, 5, 137–144] across children from various age groups and races. Participants were parents of children (ages 2–16 years) presenting to four community-based pediatric practices for routine care. Parents completed questionnaires pertaining to various aspects of parenting and child behavior problems. Results indicated that a two-factor revision proposed by Reitman et al. [(2001). Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 514–524] represented the data well and better than the original three-factor structure and other two-factor models. Results from multigroup CFA analyses indicated that this factor structure did not vary across child sex, child age, and parental race. Results of validity analyses indicated that scores on both factors were related to reports of children’s behavior and parental affect and cognitions. This study was the first to use multigroup CFA procedures to demonstrate that relationships between individual items and factors of the Parenting Scale are similar for parents of children across various age groups.
Femtosecond laser pulse shaping by use of microsecond radio-frequency pulses

We demonstrate a new pulse-shaping technique, using an acousto-optic modulator as a spatial modulator in a zero-dispersion delay line. Compared with existing techniques, this approach simplifies optical alignment and dramatically improves update rates. It should also improve flexibility for generating complex waveforms.
ROUTING MODELS AND SOLUTION PROCEDURES FOR REGIONAL LESS-THAN-TRUCKLOAD OPERATIONS.

Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) carriers are required on a daily basis to solve Intra-Group Line-Haul (IGLH) problems. IGLH problems require the determination of routes to service required pickups and deliveries (i.e., 28-foot trailers) at End-Of-Line (EOL) terminals. The objective is to minimize total costs, given that tractors are able to simultaneously transport two trailers and that all pickups and deliveries must be accomplished. In this paper, an approximate IGLH solution approach is presented. Given pickup and delivery requirements together with relevant distance data, a matching network is constructed in which nodes correspond to sets of pickups and deliveries and links to routes. A minimum weight non-bipartite matching algorithm is solved over this network and the result is an IGLH solution. This solution is improved by again applying a minimum weight matching algorithm, this time to a matching network in which nodes correspond to routes and links to improved routes. Finally, the routes are sequenced so as to achieve balance at each EOL terminal (i.e., empty trailers must be delivered or picked up as necessary to ensure that each EOL terminal has the same number of pickups and deliveries) and to minimize the inventory of empty trailers. The new IGLH solution procedure is tested on randomly generated data and on data provided by a large LTL carrier. Computational tests show that near-optimal solutions are generated rapidly.
Reduction in muscarinic receptors by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide

Abstract Treatment of rat superior cervical ganglion cells in culture for 4 days with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to a partial sequence of the mRNA coding the m1 muscarinic receptor decreased m1 receptor mRNA by 64% without affecting m2 receptor mRNA. 3 H]Pirenzepine binding to M 1 receptors was decreased by 43%. Intraventricular infusion of this antisense oligodeoxynucleotide reduced muscarinic receptor density in m 1 but not M 2 receptor-rich brain regions.
BASAL STEM ANATOMY OF PSARONIUS

A B S T R A C T The basal stem anatomy of three young sporophytes of Psaronius from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Kansas and Illinois is described. The origin of the second stelar cycle is demonstrated in the transition from a simple, amphiphloic siphonostele to a dicyclic dictyostele. Petioles with C-shaped vascular strands are attached to the stem in a one-third phyllotaxy. A root mantle is lacking. Basal stem anatomy of Psaronius is compared with that of living genera of the Marattiaceae. ONTOGENETIC approaches to the study of Pennsylvanian-age plants have greatly increased our understanding of the arborescent lycopods, calamites, seed ferns, and tree ferns. Although some fossil apices have been described, the fragments usually represent more mature parts of the plaint, and in many cases secondary growth has further modified the plant body. These studies have been reviewed in detail by Delevoryas (1964). For the first time small, young sporophytes of Psaronius, a marattiaceous tree fern, have been discovered with attached petioles in Pennsylvanian-age coal balls from Illinois and Kansas. Some of the earliest ontogenetic stages of the vascular system are described below.
Enhanced responses to opiates produced by a single gene substitution in the mouse

Abstract Adult male mice of the C57Bl/6J strain, or mice differing at a single locus from the above, pallid mice (C57Bl/6J-pa), were treated with morphine or vehicle and two responses associated with opiate receptor stimulation were examined. In comparison with vehicle treatment, morphine produced stereotyped running and reduced core temperature in the parent C57Bl/6J line. These responses were significantly enhanced in the coisogenic pallid line. Thus, a single gene may enhance normal sensitivity to opiates. This suggests the existence of discrete and identified biochemical influences upon sensitivity to opiates through genetic means, and offers a novel model of naturally occuring permanently altered opiate sensitivity.
Intraexciton Transitions Observed in High Stability Doped Single- Wall Carbon Nanotube Films and Solutions

Normally hidden excited state transitions were observed in large diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes for the first time by controlling the degree of doping. With increased doping, the normally observed photoinduced bleach (PB) signal associated with the creation of excitons switched to a photoinduced absorption (PA). A delay in the onset of the PA signal made it clear that the absorption was due to an intraexcitonic transition. The study was afforded by the development of novel methods that allowed samples to be reproducibly and stably prepared in specific states. Our results further the understanding of the photophysics of large diameter single-walled carbon nanotube materials, which are promising for a variety of optoelectronic applications.
Normal development and effects of early deafferentation on choline acetyltransferase, substance P and serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the interpeduncular nucleus.

Abstract The normal postnatal development and response to neonatal fasciculus retroflexus (FR) lesions of serotonin, substance P (SP), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) distribution are described for the rat interpenduncular nucleus (IPN). Serotonin-, SP- and ChAT-containing axons differed in development, distribution, and response to deafferentation. Serotonergic axons and cell bodies were present at birth. SP was present in the FR and in the lateral subnuclei by 3 days of age but did not appear in the rostral or dorsal subnuclei until 7–14 days. Intrinsic SP perikarya were not seen until 17 days of age. The development of ChAT was late, appearing only during the second week of life and not reaching adult patterns and density until after 21 days of age. The pattern of development of cytochrome and Bodian silver stainign are also described. Both cytochrome oxidase and Bodian staining paralleled the patterns of localization and development of ChAT staining. Bilateral neonatal FR lesions resulted in a permanent loss of ChAT and cytochrome oxidase staining throughout the IPN and of SP in the lateral and rostral subnuclei. No changes were seen in the serotonergic system. Following unilateral lesions, the pattern of SP loss and replacement paralleled that seen after adult lesions. The pattern of replacement of ChAT differed from that after adult lesions in that there was partial replacement in the ipsilateral intermediate subnucleus following neonatal lesions. This result suggests that late developing cholinergic axons can innervate the contralateral intermediate nucleus to a much greater extent following infant lesions than following adult lesions.
Is non-metropolitan residence a risk factor for poor birth outcome in the U.S.?

The association between non-metropolitan residence and the risk of poor birth outcome in the United States was examined using the records of 11.06 million singleton births in the United States between 1985 and 1987. Rates of neonatal and post-neonatal death, low birth weight and late prenatal care among non-metropolitan residents were compared to the rates among metropolitan residents. The association between residence in a non-metropolitan area and the risk of poor birth outcome was assessed in national and state level regression analyses. Residence in a non-metropolitan county was not found to be associated with increased risk of low birth weight or neonatal mortality at the national level or in most states, after controlling for several demographic and biological risk factors. Non-metropolitan residence was associated with greater risk of post-neonatal mortality at the national level. Non-metropolitan residence was strongly associated with late initiation of prenatal care at both the national level and in a majority of the states. Residence in non-metropolitan areas does not appear to be associated with higher risk of adverse birth outcome. Regionalization of perinatal care and other changes in the rural health care system may have mitigated the risk associated with residing in areas relatively isolated from tertiary care. High levels of late prenatal care among non-metropolitan residents suggest a continuing problem of access to routine care for rural women and their infants that may be associated with higher levels of post-neonatal mortality and childhood morbidity.
In Her Own Voice: Presentations on Women, Crime, and Criminal Justice at American Society of Criminology Meetings From 1999–2008

We conducted a content analysis of presentations on women, crime, and criminal justice at the annual meetings of the American Society of Criminology from 1999 through 2008 to determine not only the range of topics that were presented on women and crime but also who made the presentations. By focusing on presentations of research on women, crime, and criminal justice, we attempt to determine whether these areas are more or less likely to be recognized, explored, and discussed. Findings suggest that (a) the issues of women, crime, and criminal justice were included in 16.13 percent of American Society of Criminology conference presentations during the period of study, and the annual percentage of presentations on these topic areas has remained constant; (b) although there is a wide array of topics in the presentations on women and crime, the most frequently addressed topics and rarely addressed topics are constant over the years; and (c) presentations on and about gender issues have been conducted primarily...
Theory of auto-oscillations in high-power ferromagnetic resonance

An account is given of the frequently observed next notable event as the microwave signal power is increased well beyond the threshold of the old spin-wave instability: relatively-low-frequency auto-oscillations. These are attributed to a Hopf bifurcation. Taking into account excitation of the entire degenerate spin-wave manifold in the three standard cases (main resonance, subsidiary absorption, parallel pumping), we use center-manifold theory to show that a small number of new modes grow out of the excited steady state of that manifold, yielding a limit cycle which we identify with the observed auto-oscillations with characteristics qualitatively in agreement with experiment.
Novel Oral Anticoagulants and Their Role in Clinical Practice

The complexities of oral anticoagulation with warfarin have led to the search for more practical alternative agents. Novel direct factor IIa inhibitors and direct factor Xa inhibitors currently in development can be administered at a fixed dose and do not require routine coagulation monitoring and ongoing dosage adjustment to ensure their effectiveness and safety. A number of phase III trials of these agents for the prevention of venous thromboembolism associated with orthopedic surgery and acute medical illness, for the treatment of venous thromboembolism, and for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation have been completed, with almost universally positive results. If these novel agents are approved for use in the United States, the future of oral anticoagulant therapy will allow a more nuanced approach to drug selection than has been available in the past. Attention to drug interactions and renal function will be required, as methods to measure the presence of these agents are not precise, cannot quantify the degree of anticoagulant present, and are influenced by the changes in serum drug concentrations during the dosing interval. In the future, patient preferences and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of individual drugs will be able to be matched to optimize therapy. These new agents represent a new paradigm for anticoagulation that promises to improve patient care in the long term.
RIP3 finds partners in crime

Programmed necrosis has long been recognized as a crucial component of animal development; however, the signaling pathway beyond the protein kinases RIP1 and RIP3 remains largely unknown. Sun et al. and Wang et al. now identify critical factors downstream of RIP1 and RIP3 in programmed necrosis, extending our understanding of this form of cell death.
Software needs in special functions

Abstract Currently available software for special functions exhibits gaps and defects in comparison to the needs of moderm high-performance scientific computing and also, surprisingly, in comparison to what could be constructed from current algorithms. In this paper we expose some of these deficiencies and identify the related need for user-oriented testing software.
Chromatic relationships in metacontrast suppression

Total masking of a colored disk in the Werner disk-ring paradigm was found to be a function of the interaction between its color and the color of the ring that followed it. Suppression occurred most frequently when disk and ring hues were identical, least often when complementary hues were paired, and with intermediate frequency when hues were different but noncomplementary. Results were consistent with predictions from simultaneous color contrast, and support integration theories of metacontrast.
Effects of Dietary Biotin and Linoleate on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Tissue Phospholipids

Two experiments with factorial designs were conducted to study the interaction between dietary biotin and linoleate in male broiler chicks. Chicks were fed a purified basal diet containing varying levels of d-biotin (0, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg diet) and linoleate. In Experiment 1, chicks were fed the basal diet containing three levels of added linoleate (.5, 3.1, or 4.1% of diet) for each biotin level and in Experiment 2, four levels of linoleate were fed (.27, .98, 2.00, or 2.20% of diet). The average body weights of chicks fed biotin at 200 micrograms/kg of diet and .27 or .5% added linoleate were not different (P greater than .05) from those of chicks fed higher levels of biotin or linoleate supplements to the basal diets. Linoleate deficiency resulted in elevated omega-9 fatty acids (18:1 omega 9 and 20:3 omega 9) in liver and heart phospholipids. For liver phospholipids, linoleate deficiency led to reduced 18:2 omega 6, 20:3 omega 6, and 20:4 omega 6 but for heart phospholipids only 20:4 omega 6 was lowered. Biotin deficiency resulted in elevated 18:3 omega 6 in liver and heart lipids and decreased 20:3 omega 6 in liver phospholipids. Liver microsomes from biotin-deficient chicks contained increased 18:2 omega 6 and reduced 20:3 omega 6 compared with those of biotin-adequate chicks.
Classical Results on the Stability of Linear Time-Invariant Systems, and the Schwarz Form

The paper deals with the classical results of Routh and Hurwitz, Biehler and Kharitonov, concerning the stability of a linear time invariant differential equation. It is shown that these results follow directly from a Schwarz matrix representation of stable systems.