cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It Is a Two-Way Street: Using Storytelling and Narration as a Formalized Method to Promote Partnership Between the Instructors and ID Team in Higher Education Context

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the implementation of storytelling and narration as a formalized method to promote partnership between the instructors and instructional design (ID) teams in a higher education context. The authors utilized a single case study method to investigate the process, outcomes, and challenges of this approach at a large midwestern land-grant university. From the instructor’s and ID team’s perspectives, storytelling and narration were effective strategies throughout the ID process and facilitated the establishment of a partnership. The authors aspire to call for a shift in the mindset from the technocentric point of view of ID to a partnership perspective with emphasis on trust, collaboration, mutual understanding, openness, and empathy.
Higher order finite difference modeling of cardiac propagation

Bidomain or monodomain model has frequently been used to study electrical activities in the cardiac tissue. The finite difference method with second order accuracy is commonly used to approximate the spatial derivatives of the governing equations numerically. In this work, a higher order finite difference scheme has been implemented to solve the nonlinear monodomain equation. The unknown transmembrane potential is expanded in terms of Lagrangian interpolating polynomials. Differentiation of the polynomial expansion then gives the finite difference approximation, and the order of the approximation is varied by changing the order of the polynomial. First and second order semi-implicit (implicit-explicit) time-stepping techniques have been used to approximate the temporal derivatives. An explicit finite difference scheme with 512×512×512 nodes and 0.1 μs time step is used as the benchmark for error calculation. As the order of the finite difference approximation is increased, the error potential reduces. However, there is less noticeable error improvement after the ninth order approximation. The use of an operator splitting method as well as a protective zone scheme further improves the performance of the semi-implicit scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the error can be reduced by a factor of 2.6, while the CPU time can be reduced by a factor of 14.1.
GA-MoM optimization of slot arrays

A review of the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization of slot arrays in rectangular waveguides using a method-of-moments (MoM) analysis engine is presented. Examples of design of waveguide power divider/combiner for distributed amplifier applications and linear and planar slot array antenna designs are discussed. An initial design using the circuit model is carried out prior to GA optimization. Rapid evaluation of the MoM analysis in the GA optimization is carried out.
Scale dependence of diversity in alpine tundra, Rocky Mountains, USA

Drivers of alpine plant community composition have been observed to vary with scale. Diversity of alpine tundra across four regions of the Rocky Mountains and among plots within one region was examined relative to temperature and precipitation variables. For regional scale analyses, averages of three metrics of plot-level species diversity relative to environmental variables and regional gamma diversity were examined for a subset of 60 plots from a stratified random sample in each region. For local scale analyses, additional soil and climate variables were included at 96 plots from one of the four regions. Correlations and visual examination of bivariate plots elucidated possible controls of cold temperatures and gamma diversity on average diversity metrics among the four regions and of precipitation and/or location on plot-level metrics within the single region. For the latter, the bivariate graph indicated a triangular distribution in which all levels of diversity exist at low precipitation but only low diversity at higher precipitation. We propose that change in drivers with scale is a general result of the relative importance of temperature and water in seed production (temperature > water) and seedling establishment (vice versa), and the logical priority of seed production over seedling establishment.
Educating speech-language pathologists working in early intervention on environmental health.

The goals of this study were (1) to determine early intervention (EI) Speech-Language Pathologists’ (SLPs) level of training and knowledge on environmental toxicants and their effect on infant and child development; and (2) to examine the effectiveness of a continuing education (CE) event designed to enhance the knowledge of EI SLPs on environmental toxicants and their effects on child development. A survey was launched via Qualtrics and posted on the American Speech-Language Hearing Association’s Early Intervention Community page to assess environmental health knowledge of SLPs. Results from this survey were used to create an environmental health CE event targeted towards EI SLPs. Attendees were given a pre- and post-test to assess the effectiveness of our program. One hundred and fifty-eight participants completed the online survey and a majority (61%, n = 97) of participants reported some level of dissatisfaction with their previous training in regards to environmental exposures. Fifty-six percent (n = 89) of the participants also reported feeling unprepared to be a health advocate regarding environmental exposure concerns within their community. Forty-eight people (26 SLPs and 22 SLP master’s students) attended the CE event. Paired t-tests revealed significant improvements from the pre- to the post- test results among all attendees. These findings suggest that SLPs who work in EI feel undertrained and unprepared to advocate for environmental health to the families they serve. This study reveals that CE is one way by which to increase the knowledge base of SLPs on environmental health.
Gould on Laws in Biological Science

Are there laws in evolutionary biology? Stephen J. Gould has argued that there are factors unique to biological theorizing which prevent the formulation of laws in biology, in contradistinction to the case in physics and chemistry. Gould offers the problem of ’’complexity‘‘ as just such a fundamental barrier to biological laws in general, and to Dollo‘s Law in particular. But I argue that Gould fails to demonstrate: (1) that Dollo‘s Law is not law-like, (2) that the alleged failure of Dollo‘s Law demonstrates why there cannot be laws in biological science, and (3) that ’’complexity‘‘ is a fundamental barrier to nomologicality.
Colored Supersymmetry of Mesons and Baryons Based on Octonionic Algebras

Algebraic realizations of supersymmetry through SU(m/n) type superalgebras are developed. We show their applications to a bilocal quark- antiquark or a quark-diquark systems. A new scheme based on SU(6/1) is fully exploited and the bilocal approximation is shown to get carried unchanged into it. Color algebra based on octonions allows the introduction of a new larger algebra that puts quarks, diquarks and exotics in the same supermultiplet as hadrons and naturally suppresses quark configurations that are symmetrical in color space and antisymmetrical in remaining flavor, spin and position variables. A preliminary work on the first order relativistic formulation through the spin realization of Wess-Zumino super-Poincare algebra is presented.
Development of chronic aquatic water quality criteria and standards for silver.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is updating its aquatic life ambient water quality criteria (aqAWQC) for a number of parameters, including silver. The silver aqAWQC was last issued in 1980. At that time only an acute aqAWQC was established. With the increased reliance on water quality criteria to drive and prioritize the United State's efforts to improve water quality, the scientific basis of new and modified water quality criteria must be both strong and transparent. Although few, if any, natural waters in the United States have suffered water quality impairments because of silver, the lack of valid silver chronic toxicity data in combination with the misapplication of the current U.S. EPA guidelines on deriving chronic aqAWQC could lead to derivation of chronic criteria (by U.S. EPA) and chronic standards (by states, tribes, etc.) that are not supported by scientific data. This misapplication could result in U.S. EPA and the states listing many waters as impaired by silver where, in fact, no silver-related water quality problem exists. This Research Note reviews available information on studies of both acute and chronic silver toxicity to aquatic organisms, as well as U.S. EPA's 1985 procedure for adopting chronic water quality criteria. It identifies existing gaps in the underlying research data base and identifies additional work necessary to derive valid chronic water quality criteria and standards for silver.
Interfacility Transport of the Pregnant Patient: A 5-year Retrospective Review of a Single Critical Care Transport Program

Introduction: Interfacility transport of the pregnant patient poses a challenge for prehospital providers as it is an infrequent but potentially high acuity encounter. Knowledge of clinically signi...
Interactions between Macrophages and the Sensory Cells of the Inner Ear

Macrophages are present in most somatic tissues, where they detect and attack invading pathogens. Macrophages also participate in many nonimmune functions, particularly those related to tissue maintenance and injury response. The sensory organs of the inner ear contain resident populations of macrophages, and additional macrophages enter the ear after acoustic trauma or ototoxicity. As expected, such macrophages participate in the clearance of cellular debris. However, otic macrophages can also influence the long-term survival of both hair cells and afferent neurons after injury. The signals that recruit macrophages into the injured ear, as well as the precise contributions of macrophages to inner ear pathology, remain to be determined.
RELATIONSHIP WITH FRIENDS AND EXPECTANCY OF NURSING HOME USE IN THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

Little is known whether relationship with friends acts as a push or pull factor for future nursing home use based on Wiseman’s Behavioral Model of Elderly Migration (Wiseman, 1980). Using the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) dataset, this study looked at the association between relationship with friends and expectation of nursing home use in the future among U.S. older adults aged 65 and older. There were 3,772 respondents who completed the 2014 HRS Leave-Behind Questionnaire. Their average age was 75.26 years old, with the majority being female (58.7%), non-Hispanic White (78.3%), married (61.1%) and have a child (94.6%). Results indicated that negative relationship with friends was significantly associated with the expectation of nursing home use in the next five years among older adults (RRR = 1.258, p = 0.035). However, no significant relationship between positive relationship with friends and expectation of nursing home use in the future was found. Models were controlled for respondents age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, child status, self-rated health, Activity of Daily Living (ADL), and Medicaid status. Therefore, our findings indicated that older adults who did not enjoy good relationship with their friends were more likely to expect the use of nursing homes in the future.
Adaptive Minimum Variance Control of Grid Connected Single Phase Inverters in Synchronously Rotating DQ Reference Frame

This paper presents a system identification based minimum variance control architecture for regulating the active and reactive power control of a Grid Connected Single Phase Inverter (GCI) in a synchronously rotating dq reference frame. The control topology is based on direct and quadrature axis model of single phase inverter system and is adaptive as the parameters in the control law are updated online based on identification that relate the output (active and reactive power) and the input (direct and quadrature axis voltage references). The main advantage of the proposed controller is the simplicity in design and its adaptability under varying operating conditions. The paper discusses the design of the controller and presents the simulation results from tests performed using MATLAB SimPowerSystems. The results show that the proposed controller can be a better alternative to the existing cascaded PI based vector control for grid connected single phase inverters.
Friends matter: Ethnic-racial identity and school adjustment among African American and Latino early adolescents

AbstractThe current study investigated the role of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) on early adolescents’ school adjustment, as moderated by their school friends’ aggregate ERI. The study drew data fro...
Characteristics of melanoma in white and nonwhite children, adolescents, and young adults: Analysis of a pediatric melanoma institutional registry, 1995-2018.

OBJECTIVES To characterize clinical differences among nonwhite/multiethnic vs white children, adolescents, and young adults with melanoma or atypical melanocytic neoplasms, including atypical Spitz tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort of 55 patients (< 25 years of age) prospectively followed from 1995 to 2018 in the Stanford Pigmented Lesion and Melanoma Program was analyzed for differences in clinical presentation, including skin phototype, race/ethnicity, age, sex, tumor/melanoma characteristics, and outcome. RESULTS Seventeen patients (9 males and 8 females) were classified as nonwhite (predominantly skin phototype IV) and of Hispanic, Asian, or Black/African American ethnicity, and 38 patients (21 males and 17 females) were classified as white (predominantly phototypes I/II). Ages ranged from 6 months to 24 years, and median follow-up was 36 months (range 1-180 months). Melanomas were diagnosed in 87% of whites in our cohort, compared to 65% of nonwhites, with the remainder representing mainly atypical Spitz tumors. Lesions were usually brought to the attention of a health care provider by the patient or family (P < 0.05). Compared with whites, nonwhites were more likely to present at a younger mean age (10.9 years vs 15.4 years, P < 0.05) and with pink/clinically amelanotic tumors (59% vs 24%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This long-term prospective institutional study showed clinically relevant differences between nonwhite vs white children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with melanoma and atypical melanocytic neoplasms. Nonwhite patients presented at a younger age and had more clinically amelanotic melanocytic tumors. Increased recognition of clinical factors and risk of these tumors in nonwhites could result in earlier diagnosis.
Healthy but smaller herds: Predators reduce pathogen transmission in an amphibian assemblage

Predators and pathogens are fundamental components of ecological communities that have the potential to influence each other via their interactions with victims and to initiate density- and trait-mediated effects, including trophic cascades. Despite this, experimental tests of the healthy herds hypothesis, wherein predators influence pathogen transmission, are rare. Moreover, no studies have separated effects mediated by density vs. traits. Using a semi-natural mesocosm experiment, we investigated the interactive effects of predatory dragonfly larvae (caged or lethal [free-ranging]) and a viral pathogen, ranavirus, on larval amphibians (grey treefrogs and northern leopard frogs). We determined the influence of predators on ranavirus transmission and the relative importance of density- and trait-mediated effects on observed patterns. Lethal predators reduced ranavirus infection prevalence by 57%-83% compared to no-predator and caged-predator treatments. The healthy herds effect was more strongly associated with reductions in tadpole density than behavioural responses to predators. We also assessed whether ranavirus altered the responses of tadpoles to predators. In the absence of virus, tadpoles reduced activity levels and developed deeper tails in the presence of predators. However, there was no evidence that virus presence or infection altered responses to predators. Finally, we compared the magnitude of trophic cascades initiated by individual and combined natural enemies. Lethal predators initiated a trophic cascade by reducing tadpole density, but caged predators and ranavirus did not. The absence of a virus-induced trophic cascade is ostensibly the consequence of limited virus-induced mortality and the ability of infected individuals to continue interacting within the community. Our results provide support for the healthy herds hypothesis in amphibian communities. We uniquely demonstrate that density-mediated effects of predators outweigh trait-mediated effects in driving this pattern. Moreover, this study was one of the first to directly compare trophic cascades caused by predators and pathogens. Our results underscore the importance of examining the interactions between predators and pathogens in ecology.
Diagnosis and management of vulvar cancer: A review

Vulvar malignancies represent a serious gynecologic health concern, especially given the increasing incidence over the past several decades. Squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma are common subtypes, although other neoplasms, such as basal cell carcinoma and Paget disease of the vulva, might be seen. Many vulvar cancers are initially misdiagnosed as inflammatory conditions, delaying diagnosis and worsening prognosis. It is essential that dermatologists are familiar with characteristic findings for each malignancy to ensure appropriate diagnosis and management. Herein, we review the unique epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of each major vulvar malignancy, as well as discuss their respective prognoses and current management recommendations.
Law Enforcement Agencies

This chapter uses findings from the Foul Play Project (FPP) to analyze which factors may facilitate or limit law enforcement interagency cooperation in cases involving deaths and possible foul play. The FPP is based on a random sample of 5,366 cases involving possible foul play that were reported in the media. Factors that may influence law enforcement interagency cooperation include the characteristics of the death incidents; victims’ behaviors, characteristics of the victims’ family members, and type of crimes involved.
An Internet-less World?: Expected Impacts of a Complete Internet Outage with Implications for Preparedness and Design

In HCI research, non-use of systems, especially involuntary loss of use, is a relatively neglected topic. How do people perceive the impacts on their lives should the Internet go out for an extended period of time? Would it be a minor inconvenience or Armageddon? We took a Futures Studies approach to conduct a conceptualized future, scenario-based study with 754 responses to a survey of mostly students at three universities and used framing theory to help explicate the findings from qualitative data analysis. Our data show that most respondents do believe a long-term complete Internet outage is possible; however, perceptions in terms of what the impacts would be range widely. Most participants employ an egocentric frame to understand the impacts in terms of changes in their personal relationships and activities, with both gains and losses envisioned. A minority frame their visions in terms of the societal level, with severe infrastructure problems resulting. This paper is the first to explore perceptions of the potential impacts of an Internet outage and provide implications for preparedness and design.
Effects of percolation on the effective conductivity of irregular composite porous media

Abstract We develop a phenomenological model for the effective conductivity of porous media that consist of two distinct materials characterized by different values of hydraulic conductivity. Our focus is two-fold: first, to relate the terms and parameters of macroscale conductivity to the spatial variability of local flow and conductivity observed in computational experiments, and second to develop a reduced order model for effective conductivity based on those observations. Darcys law is assumed to hold at local (mesoscopic) and large (macroscopic) scales. At the mesoscale a composite medium is a configuration of irregular subdomains consisting of two different materials. The resulting heterogeneities force fluid to flow along irregular paths, and this produces spatial variability in the magnitude and the orientation of the Darcy flux. This variability, along with the macroscopic effective conductivity, depends on the proportion of the total volume allocated to each material, the ratio of the two conductivity values, and the spatial connectivity of material subvolumes. Computational experiments indicate that the effects of heterogeneity are most pronounced when the two conductivity values are very different, and when the volume fraction of the more conductive material is near a percolation threshold. The percolation threshold is the critical volume fraction of the more conductive material at which the medium is no longer traversed by connected paths through that material. The percolation threshold determines the existence of three regimes in effective conductivity, two where the effective conductivity obeys power laws and is dominated by one of the materials, and a third intermediate regime that interpolates between the power laws.
Temporal and Geospatial Gradients of Fear and Anger in Social Media Responses to Terrorism

Research suggests that public fear and anger in wake of a terror attack can each uniquely contribute to policy attitudes and risk-avoidance behaviors. Given the importance of these negative-valanced emotions, there is value in studying how terror events can incite fear and anger at various times and locations relative to an attack. We analyze 36,496 Twitter posts, including re-Tweets, authored in response to the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting and examined how fear- and anger-related language varied with time and distance from the attack. Fear-related words sharply decreased over time, though the trend was strongest at locations near the attack, while anger-related words slightly decreased over time and increased with distance from Orlando. Comparing these results to users’ pre-attack emotional language suggested that distant users remained both angry and fearful after the shooting, while users close to the attack remained angry but quickly reduced expressions of fear to pre-attack levels.
Environmental enrichment and a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor2/3 (mGluR2/3) agonist suppress amphetamine self-administration: Characterizing baseline differences

Abstract A challenge for developing effective treatments for substance use disorders (SUDs) is understanding how environmental variables alter the efficacy of therapeutics. Environmental enrichment (EC) enhances brain development and protects against behaviors associated with drug abuse vulnerability when compared to rats reared in isolation (IC) or standard conditions (SC). EC rearing enhances the expression and function of metabotropic glutamate receptor2/3 (mGlurR2/3) and activating mGluR2/3 reduces psychostimulant self-administration (SA). However, the ability for mGluR2/3 activation to suppress amphetamine (AMP) SA in differentially reared rats is not determined. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis EC reduces AMP (SA) by augmenting mGluR2/3 function. At postnatal day 21, male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to EC, IC, or SC environments for 30 days. Then, they acquired AMP SA and were moved to a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. EC, IC, and SC rats were pretreated with LY379268 (vehicle, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg), a selective mGluR2/3 agonist, before PR behavioral sessions. Linear mixed effects analysis determined EC rats had reduced motivation for AMP SA when compared to IC or SC rats and that LY379268 dose-dependently suppressed AMP SA, but there was no evidence of an interaction. Cumming/Gardner-Altman estimation plots illustrate that the 0.3 mg/kg dose suppressed infusions in EC rats while the 1 mg/kg dose suppressed infusions in SC rats. LY379268 was incapable of suppressing the motivation for AMP SA in IC rats. Controlling for baseline differences in differentially reared rats remains a challenge. Normalizing to a baseline introduced error which is illustrated in the precision of the estimated effect size differences. The data indicate that environmental enrichment enhances the ability of a selective mGluR2/3 agonist to suppress AMP SA and indicates the functional status of the mGluR2/3 is formed during development. Therefore, environmental history must be considered when evaluating pharmacological therapeutics particularly those aimed at the mGluR2/3.
Crazy-Paving: A Computed Tomographic Finding of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Author(s): Gillespie, Megan; Flannery, Patrick; Schumann, Jessica A.; Dincher, Nathan; Mills, Rebecca; Can, Argun | Abstract: Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19 first occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and by March 2020 COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic.Case Presentation: We describe a case of a 52-year-old female with past medical history of asthma, type 2 diabetes, and previous tobacco use who presented to the emergency department with dyspnea and was found to be positive for COVID-19. We discuss the computed tomographic finding of “crazy-paving” pattern in the patient’s lungs and the significance of this finding in COVID-19 patients.Discussion: Emergency providers need to be aware of the different imaging characteristics of various stages of COVID-19 to appropriately treat, isolate, and determine disposition of COVID-19 infected patients. Ground-glass opacities are the earliest and most common imaging finding for COVID-19. Crazy-paving pattern is defined as thickened interlobular septa and intralobular lines superimposed on diffuse ground-glass opacities and should be recognized by emergency providers as a radiographic finding of progressive COVID-19.
A Non-Random Exploration based Method for the optimization of Capacitors in Power Delivery Networks

This paper proposes a non-random exploration based method to optimize the response of power delivery network (PDN) using the minimum number of capacitors. Unlike previous optimization methods which are based on either full search or random exploration (machine learning etc), the present method requires few simulations to converge to the minimum decoupling capacitor solution. The results show that the proposed method is more robust based on comparisons.
Dynamics of social network emergence explain network evolution

Networked systems emerge and subsequently evolve. Although several models describe the process of network evolution, researchers know far less about the initial process of network emergence. Here, we report temporal survey results of a real-world social network starting from its point of inception. We find that individuals’ ties undergo an initial cycle of rapid expansion and contraction. This process helps to explain the eventual interactions and working structure in the network (in this case, scientific collaboration). We propose a stylized concept and model of “churn” to describe the process of network emergence and stabilization. Our empirical and simulation results suggest that these network emergence dynamics may be instrumental for explaining network details, as well as behavioral outcomes at later time periods.
Design and Development of an Electronic Health Record Add-on App to Support the Care of Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs

Background: Clinicians have reported low satisfaction and described problems with efficiency and a lack of support for clinical cognition in using electronic health record (EHR) systems. Cognitive support is particularly important as clinicians care for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). We found in a prior study, that pediatricians and care coordinators rely on the EHR for situational understanding and spend significant time obtaining and organizing information from fragmented patient records from different healthcare organizations. EHR add-on apps, coupled with standards-based electronic health information exchange (HIE), have the …
An Accelerometer-Based Sensing System to Study the Valve-Gaping Behavior of Bivalves

Bivalves are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions. The movement of their shells and the gap in-between the valves can serve as indicators of water pollutants entering surface water bodies. This letter proposes a novel sensing system to accurately calculate the valve-gaping angle in bivalves. The sensor unit is comprised of two inertial measurement units for each bivalve to estimate the angle between the two valves. Monitoring of multiple bivalves is possible with several water-insulated sensor units tethered with flexible cables to a central base station housing the processing unit. Miniaturization of the sensor packaging and flexibility of the wires ensured minimum hindrance to the animals’ natural behavior. The precision and accuracy of the angle measurement were tested with a benchtop servo motor setup simulating the gaping behavior. The standard deviation of measurements at a steady state was 0.78 $^\circ$ , and the average change in measurement during a 10 $^\circ$ step was 9.98 $^\circ$ . Over 250 h of in vivo validation experiments demonstrated the consistency of the angle measurements using the presented method alongside a magnetic alternative, which had an average correlation coefficient of $-$ 0.89. The sensor system provides an accurate study of bivalve gaping behavior and facilitates the potential use of bivalves as environmental sentinels due to their valve-gaping being a biomarker for monitoring water pollution.
Bilateral endobronchial valves: An option for severe bilateral persistent air leak

Introduction: Bronchopleural fistulas (BPF) with persistent air leak (PAL) are associated with significant morbidity, including longer ICU and hospital stays and increased incidence of pneumonia. Some PAL are managed conservatively with chest tube placement and ventilator adjustments, while some require chemical/blood patch pleurodesis or surgical intervention. Endobronchial valves (EBVs) and intrabronchial valves (IBVs) have been proposed as nonsurgical options for PAL and have been effective in select cases. This case reports the bilateral placement of IBVs to address large bilateral PAL in a patient with e-cigarette or vaping product use-induced lung injury (EVALI) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Case Description: Patient is a 19-yearold male with history of marijuana abuse (smoking and “heavy” vaping) who presented with progressive shortness of breath. Imaging demonstrated extensive bilateral alveolar consolidations with air bronchograms and groundglass opacities with areas of reticulation and cystic changes. Respiratory viral PCR testing including COVID-19 were negative, and patient was initiated on broad-spectrum antibiotics and high-dose steroids for presumed EVALI. He was intubated due to hypoxic respiratory failure and developed bilateral pneumothoraces requiring placement of bilateral large-bore thoracostomy tubes. Large bilateral PALs with residual pneumothoraces did not resolve after placement of additional bilateral thoracostomy tubes. Venovenous ECMO was initiated due to hypercapnia and hypoxia on maximal ventilator settings. To promote pleurodesis with continued large bilateral PAL, Spiration IBVs were deployed to RB 1, RB 2, RB 3, LB 1-3, and LB 4-5. Blood patch pleurodesis was also performed bilaterally. IBVs at RB 3 and LB 4-5 were subsequently found to have migrated and were replaced. The bilateral PALs nearly resolved with these interventions, and ventilator air leak diminished. Patient ultimately developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and was transferred on ECMO for lung transplant evaluation due to severe irreversible pulmonary parenchymal disease. Discussion: Endobronchial and intrabronchial valve use for treatment of bronchopleural fistulas has been reported in the literature since 2002, but have generally been used for postoperative PAL or spontaneous pneumothorax with PAL. This patient had severe parenchymal lung disease secondary to EVALI and developed bilateral pneumothoraces with large PALs while ventilated, requiring ECMO for adequate oxygenation. Spiration IBVs were deployed to the right upper lobe and left upper lobe/lingula with near resolution of air leaks. Although this patient's severe parenchymal disease did not permit discontinuation of ECMO despite improved ventilation, the use of endobronchial and intrabronchial valves provides a less invasive intervention for persistent BPF in the unstable patient.
Relevance of circulating hybrid cells as a non-invasive biomarker for myriad solid tumors

Metastatic progression defines the final stages of tumor evolution and underlies the majority of cancer-related deaths. The heterogeneity in disseminated tumor cell populations capable of seeding and growing in distant organ sites contributes to the development of treatment resistant disease. We recently reported the identification of a novel tumor-derived cell population, circulating hybrid cells (CHCs), harboring attributes from both macrophages and neoplastic cells, including functional characteristics important to metastatic spread. These disseminated hybrids outnumber conventionally defined circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer patients. It is unknown if CHCs represent a generalized cancer mechanism for cell dissemination, or if this population is relevant to the metastatic cascade. Herein, we detect CHCs in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer in myriad disease sites encompassing epithelial and non-epithelial malignancies. Further, we demonstrate that in vivo-derived hybrid cells harbor tumor-initiating capacity in murine cancer models and that CHCs from human breast cancer patients express stem cell antigens, features consistent with the potential to seed and grow at metastatic sites. Finally, we reveal heterogeneity of CHC phenotypes reflect key tumor features, including oncogenic mutations and functional protein expression. Importantly, this novel population of disseminated neoplastic cells opens a new area in cancer biology and renewed opportunity for battling metastatic disease.
Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity is Associated with Airflow Limitation in a Cohort of Veterans with a High Prevalence of Smoking.

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) represents an understudied chronic infection, usually contracted early in life, that causes chronic immune system alterations which may contribute to airflow limitations in a cohort of veterans with a high prevalence of smoking. We studied 172 participants at-risk for and with airflow limitation with available CMV serology to assess the relationship between CMV infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related outcomes. Methods The study cohort includes 172 veterans who are smokers with or at risk for the development of COPD. Clinical data were obtained by chart abstraction at enrollment. CMV affinity (ever-exposure) and avidity testing (length of exposure) were performed on plasma samples collected at enrollment. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between both cytomegalovirus affinity and avidity and odds of prevalent airflow limitation (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity ratio <0.70) at enrollment. In those with airflow limitation (n=84), bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine relationships between CMV serostatus and reported exacerbations of COPD over 2 years prior to enrollment. Results Positive CMV serostatus was independently associated with a 136% higher odds of airflow limitation (95% confidence interval 1.11-5.06, P=0.03) at enrollment. Neither CMV affinity nor avidity was associated with COPD exacerbations in the 2 years prior to enrollment. Conclusions CMV serostatus is independently associated with airflow limitation in a cohort of veterans who smoke. Investigation into the timing of infection and alterations in cellular immunity caused by chronic CMV infection and smoking-related airways disease-related outcomes is warranted.
What Scientists Do: Engaging in Science Practices through a Wonder-Framed Nature Study

Despite recent reforms concerning how students engage in science, there have been significant challenges for educators seeking to consistently implement science practices within the classroom. This study considered science practices within a wonder-framed nature study as one possible way for educators to support students as they take on the role of scientists. We interviewed twenty students in Grades 3 through 5 who had participated in wonder journaling sessions outdoors that led to an investigative project and presentation. The evidence suggests that students strongly engaged in investigative science practices, and that they also experienced opportunities for sensemaking and critiquing practices. Through a qualitative data analysis, four main themes emerged that provide insight into the experiences of the students within the study: joy, community, autonomy, and challenges. The data indicate that wonder is an authentic and viable route towards the implementation of the science practices within an elementary school setting. The implications of this study are considerable and offer strategies for educators seeking to incorporate science practices in an authentic way that integrates both wonder and outdoor learning.
Serum Vitamin D Is Associated with Antioxidant Potential in Peri-Parturient Cows.

Dairy cows experience increased oxidative stress during periods of transition such as at the cessation of lactation and around the periparturient period, thus increasing disease risk. Despite routine supplementation of transition cow diets with certain vitamins in an attempt to mitigate oxidative stress, there is no currently available data directly linking vitamin supplementation with antioxidant potential (AOP) in transition cows. The objective of this study was to determine the association between serum vitamins and biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy cows. Blood samples were collected from 240 cows at dry off (DO), close up (CU), and 2–10 days post-calving (DIM2-10). Blood samples were analyzed for vitamins (A, D, E), β-carotene, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and AOP. Spearman correlations and mixed linear regression models were used to assess associations between vitamins and measures of oxidant status. Vitamin D concentrations were positively associated with AOP at the CU and DIM2-10. Based on the positive association with AOP, additional in-vitro studies were conducted that showed vitamin D mitigated barrier integrity loss in endothelial cells during oxidative stress. These results indicate for the first time that vitamin D may have a role in promoting antioxidant potential in transition dairy cows.
A Supply Chain Sourcing Model at the Interface of Operations and Sustainability

In this paper, we develop a supply chain sourcing model that incorporates both sustainability and operational performance measures. The model selects suppliers and determines sustainability investments and order allocations among the selected suppliers. High sustainability performance as well as cost efficiency are achieved while a high service level is maintained. We formulate the problem as a nonlinear bi-objective integer-programming model, discover the model’s special features, and propose an effective and computationally efficient algorithm to solve it. To quantify a supply chain’s sustainability performance, we adopt the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) index. Instead of searching for just one sourcing solution, we find the Pareto optimal set of effective solutions. Numerical tests verify that our algorithm outperforms an existing sourcing algorithm in term of computational efficiency. A simulation of Apple’s sourcing decisions demonstrates the effectiveness of the model in business practice. Our work also provides managerial insights on how sustainable operations alter traditional supply chain sourcing decisions. It helps practitioners make fast and effective sourcing and investment decisions to implement their sustainability strategies at the operational level.
Scenes from the High Desert: JULIAN STEWARD'S LIFE AND THEORY

Julian Steward (1902-72) is best remembered in American anthropology as the creator of cultural ecology, a theoretical approach that has influenced generations of archaeologists and cultural anthropologists. This generous biography by Virginia Kerns considers the intellectual and emotional influences of Steward's remarkable career and provides insights into the development of anthropology during his lifetime. Scenes from the High Desert locates the concept of cultural ecology as a social theory in the context of Steward's lived experience and personal construction of meaning. Kerns explores the scholar's early life in the American West, his continued attachments to western landscapes and inhabitants, his research with Native Americans, and the writing of his classic work, "Theory of Culture Change". Extracting the personal and professional experiences that shaped his ideas on labor, technology, and the natural world, Kerns focuses particularly on the ideas and experiences that gave rise to Steward's theory of cultural ecology and most influenced American anthropology. Through her exploration of Steward's career and his particular interest in men's labor, Kerns illustrates how Steward's concept of the patrilineal band was central to his intellectual work and grounded in his own social experiences and autobiographical memory, especially memories of place. With fluid prose and rich detail, the book captures the essence and breadth of Steward's career while carefully measuring the ways he reinforced the male-centered structure of mid-twentieth-century American anthropology.
Adaptive Filtering in the Electrosensory System

Certain marine and freshwater fishes have the ability to detect weak electric fields. One of the principal uses of this sense is to detect electric fields (or electric field perturbations) caused by nearby objects. Detection of these weak extrinsic signals is complicated by the fact that the signals of interest are often swamped by larger signals associated with the fish’s own motor activity. In several cases that have been studied, part of the solution to this problem seems to involve adaptive filtering at the first stage of electrosensory processing in the central nervous system. Although distantly related in evolutionary terms, the electrosensory systems of elasmobranch, mormyriform and gymnotiform fishes share important similarities in the structure and function of the primary electrosensory nucleus, suggesting that they may have converged on similar mechanisms for adaptive filtering.
Faces and places: of central (and peripheral) interest.

Early visual cortical areas are organized in retinotopic coordinates. Levy and colleagues now report that category-selective regions show a similar organization, with face-selective areas responding more to central stimuli and place-selective areas responding to peripheral stimuli.
Termination of grounding is not preserved by strongly equivalent transformations

The operation of a typical answer set solver begins with grounding--replacing the given program with a program without variables that has the same answer sets. When the given program contains function symbols, the process of grounding may not terminate. In this note we give an example of a pair of consistent, strongly equivalent programs such that one of them can be grounded by LPARSE, DLV, and GRINGO, and the other cannot.
On Monetary Stability and Monetary Reform

Some of the most important questions that can be asked of economists concern stability. How do we achieve greater stability? How big are the instabilities now, and how many of them are caused, or magnified, by current policy arrangements? Do fluctuating exchange rates augment or buffer shocks arising elsewhere, or are fluctuating exchange rates an independent source of disturbance? Can monetary reforms, domestic or international, increase stability without fiscal reforms, greater stability of trade policy and perhaps, either changes in political systems or fewer opportunities for politicians to influence economic events?
Effects of movement complexity on choice reaction and movement times.

Abstract Two groups of 24 college age men volunteers from activity classes performed a choice reaction time task. One group performed using a simple 4-in. movement from the reaction button to the appropriate response button. The other group performed using a complex movement in which they first moved forward 12 in. to slap a button and then returned to the appropriate response button. Both groups performed 20 trials under each choice condition (1, 2, and 4 choices). For the complex movement tasks the one choice reaction time was significantly faster than the multiple choice reaction times which did not differ significantly. The complex movement group was somewhat slower in movement time under multiple choice conditions. As the number of choices increased the effect of increasing movement complexity on reaction time lessened.
Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin heterologous translocation of beta-lactamase and roles of individual effector domains on cytoskeleton dynamics

Summary The Vibrio cholerae MARTXVc toxin delivers three effector domains to eukaryotic cells. To study toxin delivery and function of individual domains, the rtxA gene was modified to encode toxin with an in-frame beta-lactamase (Bla) fusion. The hybrid RtxA::Bla toxin was Type I secreted from bacteria; and then Bla was translocated into eukaryotic cells and delivered by autoprocessing, demonstrating that the MARTXVc toxin is capable of heterologous protein transfer. Strains that produce hybrid RtxA::Bla toxins that carry one effector domain in addition to Bla were found to more efficiently translocate Bla. In cell biological assays, the actin cross-linking domain (ACD) and Rho-inactivation domain (RID) are found to cross-link actin and inactivate RhoA, respectively, when other effector domains are absent, with toxin autoprocessing required for high efficiency. The previously unstudied alpha-beta hydrolase domain (ABH) is shown here to activate CDC42, although the effect is ameliorated when RID is also present. Despite all effector domains acting on cytoskeleton assembly, the ACD was sufficient to rapidly inhibit macrophage phagocytosis. Both the ACD and RID independently disrupted polarized epithelial tight junction integrity. The sufficiency of ACD but strong selection for retention of RID and ABH suggests these two domains may primarily function by modulating cell signaling.