cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new volume-of-fluid formulation for surfactants and simulations of drop deformation under shear at a low viscosity ratio

Abstract A numerical algorithm for the linear equation of state is developed for the volume-of-fluid interface-tracking code SURFER++, using the continuous surface stress formulation for the description of interfacial tension. This is applied to deformation under simple shear for a liquid drop in a much more viscous matrix liquid. We choose a Reynolds number and capillary number at which the drop settles to an ellipsoidal steady state, when there is no surfactant. The viscosity ratio is selected in a range where experiments have shown tip streaming when surfactants are added. Our calculations show that surfactant is advected by the flow and moves to the tips of the drop. There is a threshhold surfactant level, above which the drop develops pointed tips, which are due to surfactant accumulating at the ends of the drop. Fragments emitted from these tips are on the scale of the mesh size, pointing to a shortcoming of the linear equation of state, namely that it does not provide a lower bound on interfacial tension. One outcome is the possibility of an unphysical negative surface tension on the emitted drops.
The Case for an Error Minimizing Standard Genetic Code

Since discovering the pattern by which amino acids are assigned to codons within the standard genetic code, investigators have explored the idea that natural selection placed biochemically similar amino acids near to one another in coding space so as to minimize the impact of mutations and/or mistranslations. The analytical evidence to support this theory has grown in sophistication and strength over the years, and counterclaims questioning its plausibility and quantitative support have yet to transcend some significant weaknesses in their approach. These weaknesses are illustrated here by means of a simple simulation model for adaptive genetic code evolution. There remain ill explored facets of the 'error minimizing' code hypothesis, however, including the mechanism and pathway by which an adaptive pattern of codon assignments emerged, the extent to which natural selection created synonym redundancy, its role in shaping the amino acid and nucleotide languages, and even the correct interpretation of the adaptive codon assignment pattern: these represent fertile areas for future research.
Determination of Temperature and Moisture Profiles in a Cloudy Atmosphere Using AIRS/AMSU

High spectral resolution infrared satellite data can be used to retrieve accurate atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles. In order to achieve the greatest retrieval accuracy, all the factors affecting the radiances, especially clouds, must be accurately accounted for. We have developed a methodology for retrieving atmospheric and surface parameters under cloudy conditions using the AIRS/AMSU instruments. Since all fields-of-view are contaminated to some degree by clouds, the task of eliminating clouds must be analytical, objective, and accurate. This is accomplished with great success by making use of observations in adjacent fields-of-view utilizing both the microwave and infrared bands. The treatment of clouds is carried out systematically and does not require any field-of-view to be necessarily clear. The only assumption about cloudiness is that clouds have identical spectral properties in both fields-of-view. The algorithm permits the determination of atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles accurately under cloudy conditions and shows little degredation in their accuracy as a function of increased cloudiness.
Implementing and Sustaining Evidence Based Practice Through a Nursing Journal Club.

Abstract Background The outcomes based emphasis in nursing and health care delivery requires identification of best available evidence in order to produce quality, safe, and effective patient care. Finding, critiquing, and ultimately implementing the best available evidence for practice is a formidable task for many clinical nurses. Development and implementation of a nursing journal club (NJC) became one organization's successful attempt to help clinical nurses better understand and use best available evidence in actual practice. Methods The process and structure for the NJC evolved from an additional activity scheduled outside of work to a fully established endeavor of Nursing Research and Evidence Based Practice Council (NR&EBP). The Nursing Professional Practice Model was foundational to establishing the NJC as a formal component within the NR&EBP Council shared governance structure. Efforts to embed the NJC included taking advantage of resources available at an academic medical center and incorporating them into the council structure. Results Successful outcomes of the NJC include a quarterly schedule, with topics selected in advance that are based on nursing department as well as organizational driven goals and initiatives. The structure and process in place has eliminated frequently mentioned deterrents to evidence based practice such as not enough time, lack of knowledge, or no immediate application to practice. Conclusions Incorporating the NJC as a component of NR&EBP Council has provided clinical nurses time away from clinical care that supports scholarship for nursing practice. Committed leadership and garnering of available resources have been key factors for success.
Detrusor hyperplasia and expression of "immediate early" genes with onset of abnormal urodynamic parameters

To determine the stimulus for growth of the detrusor with a pathophysiological obstruction to the urinary stream, we studied urodynamic parameters, detrusor weight, detrusor DNA content, and the expression of early growth-related protooncogenes in a model of gradual onset bladder outflow obstruction and reversal of obstruction. Silver jeweler's jump rings were placed loosely round the urethra of immature guinea pigs, allowing an obstruction to develop gradually with animal growth. At 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk after surgery, animals were killed after urodynamic studies under urethan anesthesia. Bladders were removed, and mucosa-free detrusor was weighed and frozen for assay of DNA content and expression of c-fos and c-myc protooncogenes. Results were compared with sham-operated age-matched control animals. One week after surgery there was no change in the urodynamic parameters, detrusor weight, or DNA content. At 2, 4, and 8 wk after placement of the silver rings, animals developed obstructive voiding patterns, an increase in detrusor weight, and total DNA content. The onset of obstructive voiding patterns correlated with transient increased levels of c-fos and c-myc mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Autoradiography of in vivo [methyl-3H]thymidine-labeled detrusor muscle from obstructed animals showed myocyte DNA synthesis and mitosis, implying myocyte hyperplasia. After removal of the silver ring, the obstructive voiding patterns resolved and detrusor weight and DNA content returned to levels of the control animals. These results suggest that in the guinea pig bladder subjected to a gradual onset outflow obstruction, detrusor growth is initiated by the development of obstructive voiding patterns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gastric and Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: An Extended Unusual Finding in a Patient with End Stage Kidney Disease

Gastric and duodenal pseudomelanosis is a rare endoscopic mucosal finding, characterized by the accumulation of iron in macrophages of the lamina propria of the stomach and duodenum. The clinical significance and long term sequelae have not been clarified yet. However, this benign condition is associated with a variety of clinical conditions, such as essential hypertension, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitus, long term intake of iron supplements, and furosemide. Duodenal pseudomelanosis appears to be more common than gastric pseudomelanosis given the fact that a few cases of gastric pseudomelanosis have been reported in the literature so far. We report a case of 88-year-old lady with ESRD who is maintained on hemodialysis and presented with abdominal pain. An upper GI endoscopy showed discoloration of the antrum of the stomach and most portion of her duodenum. Histopathology report confirmed the presence of iron laden macrophages in the lamina propria of both stomach and duodenum.
Health Care of the Geriatric Llama and Alpaca

Older llamas and alpacas are likely to be retained in a herd, rather than being culled as would be done in other livestock operations. Aging takes its toll on all organ systems, but dental and skeletal problems tend to be accentuated. Preventative practices may slow the development of problems.
Investigation of Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer Behavior of a Square Channel with 45° Angle Ribs at Wide Range of Reynolds Numbers

An experimental investigation of the friction and heat transfer behavior for a fully developed flow in a square channel was conducted under a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re) from 6,000 to 180,000. The test section was 22 hydraulic diameters (Dh) long, and made of four aluminum plates. The interior comprised of two opposing rib roughened walls and two opposing smooth walls. The ribs were oriented at 45° to the flow direction, and the ratio of rib height to channel hydraulic diameter (e/Dh) and the ratio of pitch to rib height (p/e) were 0.063 and 10, respectively. A 20Dh long acrylic channel with a continuation of the test section’s interior was attached at the inlet of the test section to confirm the flow to be fully developed. For the heat transfer tests, the four walls of the test section were maintained at isothermal conditions. The friction factor, the average Nusselt number (Nu), and thermal performance of the channel were compared with the available data in the existing literature in Re ranging from 6,000 to 70,000. An extensive investigation was performed at higher Re up to 180,000. The results show that the heat transfer augmentation (Nu/Nu0) caused by the ribs approaches a constant value around 2.0 after 8.0 Dh distance in the tested Re range. However, as Re increases, the friction factor enhancement (f/f0) also increases linearly, which gradually reduces the overall thermal performance. Comparative numerical studies have also been conducted by solving Reynolds Average Navier Stokes(RANS) equations by using v-f turbulence model with all y+ wall treatment in the same range of Re as in experiment. It is found that v-f turbulence model overpredicts both the experimental heat transfer and friction results.
Surgery for intractable epilepsy. Clinicopathologic correlates in 60 cases.

The pathologic findings in 60 consecutive patients with intractable epilepsy who consecutively underwent surgery at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (1979-1984) were analyzed in an attempt to define pathologic findings influencing surgical outcome. Statistically significant predictors of outcome were sought from variables including macroscopic lesions, microscopic abnormalities, and the absence of significant pathologic findings. A higher percentage of patients (82%) with macroscopic temporal lobe lesions had an excellent result (seizure reduction >90%) than did the group with no significant pathologic findings (60%), but the differences were not statistically significant. The authors also found that the group of patients who had only temporal lobe resections had a higher percentage of excellent results (70%) than did the group of patients having epilepsy surgery for other areas of the brain (42.5%). This difference, however, was not statistically significant (P = .10).
Research on Voltage Ride-through Technology of Household PV Grid-connected Inverter

Aiming at the increasing popularity of household PV grid-connected application and the increasing demands for ride-through characteristic of distributed power,a household PV grid-connected inverter ride-through control strategy based on voltage feed-forward control is proposed in this paper.Based on voltage feed-forward control,when grid voltage undirectional mutation occurs,this strategy can achieve instantaneous tracking and suppress grid current mutation caused by PI close-loop control delay and power balance principle.The feasibility and effectiveness of this strategy is verified by the experiment in which TMS320F28 XXX is used as the control core.
INCORPORATION OF FATTY ACIDS INTO PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES.

Incorporation of C14-labeled fatty acids into phospholipids by washed ghosts, prepared from human erythrocytes, required the addition of ATP and was markedly stimulated by MgCl2 and coenzyme A. Labeled palmitic acid from l-C14-palmitoyl CoA was incorporated in the absence of added cofactors, The extent of incorporation of linoleic acid was greater than that of oleic, palmitic, or stearic acids. Of the radioactive fatty acid taken up into phospholipids 80–90% was found in the lecithin fraction. Degradation of the lecithin with Crotalus adamanteus venom established that the labeled fatty acid was located entirely in the Β-position. When whole blood was incubated with labeled fatty acid it was also found that most of the radioactivity incorporated into the ghost phospholipids was in the Β-position of lecithin. Rat erythrocyte ghosts incorporated C14-linoleic acid into phospholipids at about the same rate as did human erythrocyte ghosts. Sheep erythrocyte ghosts (which contain little lecithin) incorporated very little fatty acid into phospholipids, and none into lecithin.
PSA screening for colorectal cancer patients: proceeding with caution.

It may be appropriate to offer prostate cancer screening to carefully selected men with a previous history of colorectal cancer. However, the risks and benefits of establishing the diagnosis in this setting need to be considered and discussed with them.
The Perfectly Matched Layer for Computational Acoustics

Recently, Berenger [1] formulated, for the finite difference — time domain solution of Maxwell’s equations in two dimensions, a new absorbing boundary, which he called a perfectly matched layer (PML). His demonstration that the PML possesses extraordinary energy-absorbing properties was verified by Katz, et al. [2], who also extended the formulation to three-dimensions.
Machine Tool Chatter

One of the important requirements that must be considered in designing machine tool structure and planning cutting process is vibration stability. In metal cutting, there is a possibility for the cutter to move in and out of the workpiece at an intensive magnitude that gives rise to undulations on the machined surface and excessive variations of the cutting force, which shorten the life of the cutter and the machine. Depending on the sources of energy, tool vibration can be generally categorized into two classes: forced vibrations and self-excited vibrations.
Preclinical Evaluation of Combined Targeted Approaches in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors.

BACKGROUND/AIM Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are aggressive pediatric tumors, which show poor prognosis despite use of multimodal intensive therapy. In these tumors, several different oncogenic pathways and epigenetic regulators (like CDK4/6-cyclinD-Rb-signaling, EZH2, histone deacetylases) are contemporaneously deregulated as a consequence of biallelic SMARCB1/SNF5/INI1 alterations. Since these tumors are highly resistant to current therapies, alternative treatment strategies are urgently required. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we evaluated cytotoxic effects (by MTT tests) of small molecular compounds, which specifically target these deregulated pathways, using either single-drug or combined approaches. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and combined index (CI) were calculated. RESULTS All target-directed inhibitors blocked cell growth of three different rhabdoid tumor cell lines in vitro. Several combinations of those target-specific drugs synergistically inhibited cell proliferation of rhabdoid tumors. CONCLUSION Supporting earlier reports, combined target-directed approaches are a promising tool for the therapy of malignant rhabdoid tumors.
Urban Governance in a Devolved Kenya

In 2010 Kenya adopted a new constitution that ushered in an ambitious decentralization reform, known as devolution. The country has established 47 autonomous counties with executive and legislative branches. Under the reform, cities and urban areas have been reclassified using population thresholds that have lead to the elimination of virtually all urban local governments. Using primary data drawn from document/legal analyses and key informant interviews, this chapter presents a case study of devolution as it is unfolding in Kenya, with a particular focus on the implications of the reform for the country’s rapidly growing urban areas. By eliminating urban local governments, devolution has ironically reduced democratic representation and raised potential obstacles to effective urban management and for the governing of cities in general.
Preferences for the provision of whole genome sequencing services among young adults

OBJECTIVES As whole genome sequencing (WGS) becomes increasingly available, clinicians will be faced with conveying complex information to individuals at different stages in life. The purpose of this study is to characterize the views of young adults toward obtaining WGS, learning different types of genomic information, and having choice about which results are disclosed. METHODS A mixed-methods descriptive study was conducted with a diverse group of 18 and 19-years-olds (N = 145). Participants watched an informational video about WGS and then completed an online survey. RESULTS Participants held a positive attitude toward obtaining WGS and learning about a range of health conditions and traits. Increased interest in learning WGS information was significantly associated with anticipated capacity to handle the emotional consequences if a serious risk was found (β = 0.13, P = .04). Young adults wanted the ability to choose what types of genomic risk information would be returned and expressed decreased willingness to undergo WGS if clinicians made these decisions (t(138) = -7.14, P <.01). Qualitative analysis showed that young adults emphasized procedural factors in WGS decision-making and that perceived health benefits of WGS had a substantial role in testing preferences and anticipated usage of WGS results. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians are likely to encounter enthusiasm for obtaining WGS results among young adults and may need to develop strategies for ensuring that this preference is adequately informed.
Vision: Two Speeds in the Retina

The central (foveal) retina takes about 30 milliseconds longer to signal to the brain than the peripheral retina. In the natural world, a 30 millisecond delay could have real consequences. Why did evolution do it this way?
Percutaneous Management of Stone Containing Calyceal Diverticula: Associated Factors and Outcomes

Purpose: We evaluated the outcomes of percutaneous treatment and metabolic evaluation of calyceal diverticula with associated stones.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified 51 patients with a calyceal diverticulum in our prospectively maintained percutaneous nephrolithotomy database. Patients with complete data were separated into 14 with stones isolated to the diverticulum and 15 with renal stones in and outside the diverticulum. A total of 571 patients with renal stones but no diverticulum were used for comparison. Statistical differences were assessed using the chi-square test and the t-test.Results: Patients with stones isolated to the diverticulum were younger (44 vs 54 years, p = 0.024), had a lower body mass index (23.2 vs 27 kg/m2, p = 0.032) and were more often female (71% vs 44%, p = 0.046) compared to patients with renal stones but no diverticulum. Calyceal diverticula were anterior in 19 of 29 cases and in the upper pole in 15. Average diverticular size was 2.5 cm with a 1.5 cm st...
Changes in Plasma Profiles of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of MMPs in Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background Transient changes in the composition of the myocardial extracellular matrix may contribute to the ventricular systolic dysfunction in stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). We examined the changes in plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) that occur early after the clinical presentation of SIC. Methods and Results Ten patients with SIC were enrolled. Plasma concentrations of the 6 major MMPs (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9) and all 4 TIMPs (1, 2, 3, and 4) were analyzed and compared with data from 15 control subjects. Within 24 hours of the clinical presentation, SIC patients had lower MMP-1 levels (0.41 ± 0.13 vs 0.70 ± 0.13 pg/mL; P = .048) and MMP-8 levels (1.61 ± 0.34 vs 4.84 ± 1.38 pg/mL; P = .001) and higher TIMP-4 levels (3.06 ± 0.40 vs 2.16 ± 0.18 pg/mL; P = .05) compared with control. Seven of 9 SIC patients had elevated LV end-diastolic pressures, and all had normal LV end-diastolic dimensions and volumes. Conclusions Patients afflicted with SIC had MMP and TIMP profiles similar to those described in hypertensive heart disease and diastolic heart failure and different from the profiles following myocardial infarction. Our findings uncovered a unique biomolecular profile in SIC during the first 24 hours of presentation.
Overt attacks and covert thoughts

Abstract The process in which an individual moves from radical opinion to violent action is of immense interest to law enforcement and counterterrorism agencies. A deep understanding of these processes could help in the complex pursuit to thwart terrorism. Our goal is to gain insight into the thought processes of a lone wolf terrorist prior to an event. Herein, we consider the case of the Army psychiatrist Major Nidal Malik Hasan. Utilizing a novel web-based text analysis environment that helps visualize the distribution of words within a single text corpus, we analyze Hasan's presentation at Walter Reed Medical Center in 2007 and his secret messages to Anwar al-Awlaki in 2009. We show that the analysis of the content of Hasan's speech and his correspondence can reveal his intention and motivation. The use of a case analysis of Nidal Hasan is unique, in that he was directly corresponding with a senior member of al-Qaeda, while he was an active duty Army officer. Thus, this paper contributes to our understanding of intent and thought patterns of some lone wolf terrorists.
Does fault strengthening in laboratory rock friction experiments really depend primarily upon time and not slip

The popular constitutive formulations of rate-and-state friction offer two end member views on whether friction evolves only with slip (Slip law) or with time even without slip (Aging law). While rate stepping experiments show support for the Slip law, laboratory observed frictional behavior near zero slip rates has traditionally been inferred as supporting Aging law style time-dependent healing, in particular from the slide-hold-slide experiments of [?BeelerTW94a]. Using a combination of new analytical results and explicit numerical (Bayesian) inversion, we show instead that the slide-hold-slide data of [?BeelerTW94a] favor slip-dependent state evolution during holds. We show that, while the stiffness-independent rate of growth of peak stress (following reslides) with hold duration is a property shared by both the Aging and (under a more restricted set of parameter combinations) Slip laws, the observed stiffness-dependence of the rate of stress-relaxation during long holds is incompatible with the Aging law with constant rate-state parameters. The Slip law consistently fits the evolution of the stress minima at the end of the holds well, whether fitting jointly with peak stresses or otherwise. But neither the Aging or Slip laws fit all the data well when a − b is constrained to values derived from prior velocity steps. We also attempted to fit the evolution of stress peaks and minima with the Kato-Tullis hybrid law and the shear-stress dependent Nagata law, both of which, even with the freedom of an extra parameter, generally reproduced the best Slip law fits to the data.
134 HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA: A RARE INTRACRANIAL TUMOR.

Introduction Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare intracranial tumor comprising less than 1% of CNS tumors. HPC arises from pericytes surrounding the endothelial linings of blood vessels. The increased potential for local recurrence and metastases, compared with meningiomas, prompted the World Health Organization in 1993 to classify HPC in a separate category. HPC is closely related to anaplastic meningiomas, another high-grade dural-based malignant tumor. Anaplastic meningiomas metastasize less frequently but have shorter overall survival. We describe two patients with metastatic HPC. Case 1 A 32-year-old white female presented initially in 1986 with a left parietal meningioma treated with resection and radiation therapy. She had local recurrence in 1990 treated with resection and gamma knife surgery. In 2001, she developed a hepatic lesion and multiple asymptomatic lung lesions and underwent metastectomy for the hepatic lesion. She had local hepatic recurrence 1 year later treated with cryosurgery and radiation therapy. She required repeat cryosurgery in 2003 and 2005. She suffered a pathologic fracture of her left humerus in 2005 with histology consistent with metastatic HPC. She required another gamma knife surgery for a dural-based lesion near the foramen magnum in 2005. Her disease has remained stable over the past 12 months. Case 2 A 34-year-old white female presented in 1990 with a presumed meningioma. This lesion was resected, and postoperative radiation followed. She presented with subcostal pain in 2006. A CT scan demonstrated a 22 cm lesion in the right lobe of the liver. The resected tumor was consistent with HPC. She suffered local recurrence 3 months later with erosion into T1 vertebral body. She was treated with radiation therapy and intravenous bisphosphonates and has been progression free for 6 months. Discussion HPCs are vascular malignant tumors arising from pericytes. HPCs tend to occur earlier in life (fourth decade), whereas meningiomas tend to occur in the sixth decade of life. HPCs are usually distinguishable from classic meningiomas based on light microscopy, but anaplastic meningiomas and HPC can have significant morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap. Special testing for epithelial membrane antigen, CD99, bcl-2, and FISH for specific chromoscome 14 abnormalities can help differentiate between anaplastic meningiomas and HPCs. Management of metastatic HPC typically involves surgery with or without radiation therapy.
Applying Data Analytics to Social Media Advertising: A Twitter Advertising Campaign Case Study:

This paper presents a class case study of an assignment that asked students to use a Twitter follower report to design a Twitter advertising campaign. The purpose of this case study is to immerse s...
"Transformation Tuesday": Temporal context and post valence influence the provision of social support on social media

Social network sites (SNSs) such as Facebook have become integral in the development and maintenance of interpersonal relationships. Users of SNSs seek social support and validation, often using posts that illustrate how they have changed over time. The purpose of the present research is to examine how the valence and temporal context of an SNS post affect the likelihood of other users providing social support. Participants viewed hypothetical SNS posts and reported their intentions to provide social support to the users. Results revealed that participants were more likely to provide social support for posts that were positive and included temporal context (i.e., depicted improvement over time; Study 1). Furthermore, this research suggests that visual representations of change over time are needed to elicit social support (Study 2). Results are discussed in terms of their practical implications for SNS users and theoretical implications for the literature on social support and social media.
Intra-articular Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for the Human Joint: A Systematic Review:

Background:Stem cell therapy is emerging as a potential treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and chondral defects (CDs). However, there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the literature. The indicatio...
Type 2 diabetes impairs the ability of skeletal muscle pericytes to augment postischemic neovascularization in db/db mice.

Peripheral artery disease is an atherosclerotic occlusive disease that causes limb ischemia and has few effective noninterventional treatments. Stem cell therapy is promising, but concomitant diabe...
Hypnosis Intervention Effects on Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Study Objectives:Sleep improvement is a promising target for preventing and modifying many health problems. Hypnosis is considered a cost-effective and safe intervention with reported benefits for ...
Characterization of Mega-Dalton-Sized Nanoparticles by Superconducting Tunnel Junction Cryodetection Mass Spectrometry.

The characterization of nanomaterials is critical to understand the size/structure-dependent properties of these particles. In this report, a form of heavy ion mass spectrometry, namely, superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) cryodetection mass spectrometry (MS) is used to characterize quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals and gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles studied ranged in mass from 200 kDa to >1.5 MDa and included lead sulfide quantum dots, various cadmium selenide and/or telluride-based core–shell quantum dots coated with different ligands, and gold nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were ionized by both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and laser desorption ionization (LDI), shot with an aimed ion gun into a flight tube, mass separated by time-of-flight (TOF), and detected by an energy-sensitive STJ cryodetector. STJ cryodetection MS can be used to analyze intact heterogeneous nanoparticles, allowing determination of average particle mass, dispersity, and ligand loading. Some nanop...
Common Intellectual Experiences

The awareness of high-impact practices has coincided with a change in the way institutions conceive of and structure their general education programs, leading to their incorporation of common courses or thematically integrated classes shared by large numbers of students—known as common intellectual experiences. In this chapter, Richard K Chenoweth discusses the Rites/Rights/Writes experience at the University of Dayton, which was designed as an Arts Immersion Experience for first-year students, attended after a full school year of thematically connected events offered by faculty and campus groups from disciplines across the university. This wide-ranging initiative focused on the impact, perspective, and role of the arts while providing a forum on how creativity in the arts can intersect with other academic subjects in the humanities and sciences.
Information Displays and Crew Configurations for UTM Operations

In this paper we discuss how team configuration may influence how information is shared among team members for low-altitude Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations. NASA collected and analyzed observation data gathered during a series of field tests for the UAS Traffic Management (UTM) project. The field tests were part of a larger effort aimed at advancing the UTM concept, conducted at six test-sites across the USA. Ground control station (GCS) concepts, flight-crew composition, and crew-size varied within and across test-sites. Flight crews took two strategic approaches to organizing their teams. The first of the two approaches was implemented by one third of the flight crews. These crews integrated the role of UTM operator into the duties of existing crew members, merging the current roles with this new one, keeping the UTM operator collocated with the flight crew. The remaining two thirds implemented a distributed team configuration, where a single UTM operator distributed support across multiple crews. Results from our data collection efforts revealed that UTM operator location influenced whether flight crews used verbal communication versus displays to acquire UTM information.
Derivation of Many Body Potentials to Reproduce Elastic and Vibrational Qualities of FCC and BCC Metals

One of the great advantages of the local density methods of materials simulation (Daw and Baskes, 1984; Finnis and Sinclair, 1984) over simple pair potentials is their ability to model such things as elastic properties and defect properties in regions of low symmetry with a degree of computational difficulty only approximately twice that involved in pair models. Although the model itself is conceptually simple, it can be quite difficult to implement owing to the effort involved in deriving the functions necessary to accurately describe the material of interest. This task is even more daunting when an alloy system is under investigation, in which case the functions must reproduce not only the empirically observable qualities of the pure materials, but also such things as the heat of formation and stable structure of the alloys of interest. Several authors have undertaken to investigate an assortment of alloys with a variety of functions derived specifically for that purpose. In general, the functions so derived are not useful in conjunction with any other materials. This necessitated, for example, the derivation of new nickel functions for use with nickel-aluminum alloys (Foiles and Daw, 1987) even after a set of nickel functions had already been derived which were compatible with copper, silver, gold, platinum, and palladium (Foiles et al., 1986).
OLED-based biochemical sensors

Abstract: In this chapter a brief overview of the evolution of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology has been presented and the key advantages and limitations of the OLED technology have been evaluated. The role of OLEDs in sensor technologies has been discussed. These include: (a) OLED based oxygen sensors, (b) OLED-based immunoassays, (c) OLED-based glucose sensors, and (d) OLED based hydrocarbon sensors.The rules that govern the design, fabrication and development of an optical, label-free bio/chemical sensor technology geared towards portable ‘lab-on-a-chip’ format applications have been discussed. The OLED sensor technology employs the use of nanotextured thin film surfaces packaged in a stacked vertical array format (Sun et al., 2005). The intensity of emitted light from OLEDs is modulated as a function of the analyte concentration. The OLEDs are fabricated in a layer-by-layer configuration. The prototype sensor performance has been discussed for each of the four cases.
Different Behaviors of a Substrate in P450 Decarboxylase and Hydroxylase Reveal Reactivity-Enabling Actors

Biological routes to the production of fuels from renewable feedstocks hold significant promise in our efforts towards a sustainable future. The fatty acid decarboxylase enzyme (OleTJE) is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that converts long and medium chain fatty acids to terminal alkenes and shares significant similarities in terms of structure, substrate scope and mechanism with the hydroxylase cytochrome P450 (P450BSβ). Recent reports have demonstrated that catalytic pathways in these enzymes bifurcate when the heme is in its iron-hydroxo (compound II) state. In spite of significant similarities, the fundamental underpinnings of their different characteristic wild-type reactivities remain ambiguous. Here, we develop point charges, modified parameters and report molecular simulations of this crucial intermediate step. Water occupancies and substrate mobility at the active site are observed to be vital differentiating aspects between the two enzymes in the compound II state and corroborate recent experimental hypotheses. Apart from increased substrate mobility in the hydroxylase, which could have implications for enabling the rebound mechanism for hydroxylation, OleTJE is characterized by much stronger binding of the substrate carboxylate group to the active site arginine, implicating it as an important enabling actor for decarboxylation.
Estimation of the Solubility of Metastable Polymorphs: A Critical Review

Solubility measurements of metastable polymorphs are often complicated by solvent-mediated transformation toward more stable forms. In this review, we first summarize potential experimental methods to estimate the solubility of metastable polymorphs. Then, we discuss a methodology based on a thermodynamic model, which allows solubility predictions from (i) solubility data of the stable form, and (ii) solid-state properties of the stable and metastable forms.
Adjusted Ratification: Post-Commitment Actions to UN Human Rights Treaties

A rich literature examines human rights treaty commitment and compliance. A subset of this literature has begun to examine the international legal actions states make following treaty ratification. I argue that the ways that states legally engage with treaties following commitment to UN human rights treaties is much more nuanced and differentiated than scholars have thus far presented via Reservation, Understanding, and Declaration. I introduce a first descriptive analysis of what I term Post-Commitment Actions (PCAs) to UN human rights treaties and generate varying hypotheses of why different PCAs have different relationships with expected human rights practices. I conduct a preliminary statistical analysis of the effect of PCAs on human rights practices and find that they are varied and important. Some PCAs result in improved human rights, while others result in worse human rights. I conclude by calling for further future study into these treaty actions.
PERSPECTIVE ON DATA SHARING AND OPEN SCIENCE IN PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS

Abstract The past decade has seen dramatic changes in the way that scientists share their work, data and methods. The rise of open access journals such as bioRxiv, and scientific methods are shared. From open access journals like bioRxiv to direct to web data release such as gnomAD, even without manuscript submission, the methods for communicating, sharing and advancing science are changing. With these changes come a range of new considerations, touching on data sharing, reproducibility of science and distribution of methods for uptake by the broader scientific community. Psychiatric genetics has now a strong history and reputation for data sharing, most notably with the pioneering efforts of the psychiatric genomics consortium. Here, I will provide a perspective on data sharing and open science and what future innovations may be relevant to open science and data sharing.
Congenital Hepatic Cysts

Congenital hepatic cysts are rare but with an increasing prevalence due to antenatal ultrasonography. Cysts which arise solely from within the liver parenchyma can be divided into four categories: simple hepatic cysts, mesenchymal hamartomas, ciliated hepatic foregut cysts, and intrahepatic choledochal malformations. Distinguishing between these categories can be difficult, and diagnosis should be deferred until after birth. Whilst the majority of simple hepatic cysts can be managed conservatively, both mesenchymal hamartomas and ciliated hepatic foregut cysts should be excised.
The Concentration of Plasma Provides Additional Bioactive Proteins in Platelet and Autologous Protein Solutions

Background:Currently, platelet-poor plasma (PPP) is a discarded waste product of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and may contain valuable proteins.Purpose/Hypothesis:The study’s goal was to evaluate the...
“We Are Aiming for Quality and Good Music”: The Hebrew Orphan Asylum Harmonica band (NYC) and Music Education, 1924–1930

Once referred to as “the most maligned musical instrument on earth,” the harmonica holds an important historical place in music education as an instrument around which bands were formed, solo and e...
Epithelial and Mixed Epithelial/Mesenchymal Malignancies of the Cervix

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The ample majority of these cases are squamous carcinomas, whereas most of the remaining cases represent adenocarcinoma. A few examples of mixed tumors, including carcinosarcoma, adenosarcoma, and other tumor types such as melanoma have also been described. All are described and pictured herein.
Receptors and the development of the enteric nervous system

Abstract During early development a chain of neurons and glial precursors migrate from the neural crest to form a network that completely surrounds the entire gut. The glial cell line–derived growth factor and its receptor, Ret, are required for formation of the enteric nervous system (ENT). Individuals with a malfunction in either protein get Hirschsprung disease and poorly digest food. The ENT communicates with the brain via the vagus nerve but can function independently to control digestion. The gut microbiota consists of hundreds of millions of viruses, bacteria, and other protists that inhabit the ENT. Mice raised under sterile conditions demonstrate cognitive and behavioral deficits. Studies suggest that defective microbiota caused by overuse of antibiotics may be one factor producing increased autism and attention deficit disorder.
Writer's Cramp

Writer's cramp is the most common form of task-specific focal hand dystonia, an idiopathic movement disorder of adult onset characterized by abnormal posturing and movement during tasks requiring skilled hand use. Overcontraction of affected muscles, cocontraction of agonist and antagonist pairs, and activation of muscles inappropriate to a task all impair use of the affected hand. The best treatment currently available is chemodenervation with botulinum toxin. Increasing delineation of the underlying pathophysiology of focal hand dystonia, such as loss of inhibition at different levels of the motor system and abnormalities in somatosensory pathways and sensorimotor integration, may lead to novel therapies.
Treating rheumatoid arthritis in dogs.

From my recent experience of the improved treatment available for rheumatoid arthritis in people, it prompts me to wonder whether similar advances have been made in the current rheumatoid arthritis treatment available to animals. As a non-practising member of the RCVS, as well as a dog …
Acceptance of Full Driving Automation: Personally Owned and Shared-Use Concepts:

Objective:This study aims to develop user acceptance models for two concepts of full driving automation: personally owned and shared use.Background:Many manufacturers have been investing considerab...
Carbohydrate hydrogel beverage provides no additional cycling performance benefit versus carbohydrate alone.

This study examined the effects of a novel maltodextrin-fructose hydrogel supplement (MF-H) on cycling performance and gastrointestinal distress symptoms. Nine endurance-trained male cyclists (age = 26.1 ± 6.6, mass = 80.9 ± 10.4 kg, VO2max = 55.5 ± 3.6 mL·kg·min−1) completed three experimental trials consisting of a 98-min varied-intensity cycling protocol followed by a performance test of ten consecutive sprint intervals. In a cross-over design, subjects consumed 250 mL of a treatment beverage every 15 min of cycling. Treatments consisted of 78 g·hr−1 of either (a) MF-H, (b) isocaloric maltodextrin-fructose (ratio-matched 2:1; MF), and (c) isocaloric maltodextrin only (MD). There were no differences in average sprint power between treatments (MF-H, 284 ± 51 W; MF, 281 ± 46 W; and MD, 277 ± 48 W), or power output for any individual sprint. Subjective ratings of gastrointestinal distress symptoms (nausea, fullness, and abdominal cramping) increased significantly over time during the cycling trials, but few individuals exceeded moderate levels in any trial with no systematic differences in gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms observed between treatments. In conclusion, ingestion of a maltodextrin/fructose hydrogel beverage during high-intensity cycling does not improve gastrointestinal comfort or performance compared to MF or MD beverages.
Power and moral dilemma judgments: Distinct effects of memory recall versus social roles

Abstract Counter to the lay belief that power corrupts people's sense of morality, social psychological theories suggest that the effects of power on moral judgment are rather complex and multifaceted. To test competing predictions derived from these theories, five experiments used the CNI model to investigate whether power affects responses to moral dilemmas by influencing (1) sensitivity to morally relevant consequences, (2) sensitivity to moral norms, or (3) general action tendencies regardless of consequences and norms. Results showed that recalling a personal experience involving high (vs. low) power decreased sensitivity to moral norms (Experiments 1a, 1b, 3). Being assigned to a social role involving high (vs. low) power had inconsistent effects across studies (Experiments 2a, 2b, 3), showing increased sensitivity to moral norms in an integrative data analysis. The findings support calls for more nuanced theoretical accounts that specify how psychological and structural aspects of power differentially influence behavior.
Tumor oxygen dynamics: comparison of 19F MR EPI and frequency domain NIR spectroscopy.

Oxygen plays a key role in tumor therapy and may be related to tumordevelopment: e.g., angiogenesis and metastasis. Using noninvasive techniques to accurately measure tumor oxygenation could assist in developing novel therapies. Here, we have used the FREDOM (Fluorocarbon Relaxometry using Echo planar imaging for Dynamic Oxygen Mapping) approach based on hexafluorobenzene (HFB) to monitor tissue oxygen tension (pO2) of rat breast and prostate tumors and compared the results with changes in tumor vascular hemoglobin saturation (sO2) and concentration observed using a new dual wavelength homodyne near-infrared (NIR) system. The dynamic changes in pO2 and sO2 were assessed while rats were breathing various gases. NIR showed significant changes in vascular oxygenation accompanying respiratory interventions. 19F MR-EPI also showed significant changes in tissue pO2 and revealed considerable regional heterogeneity in both absolute values and rate of change accompanying interventions. Generally, changes in vascular sO2 preceded tissue pO2, particularly for smaller tumors.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Practice in the Southeastern United States: Results of a Survey of the Membership of the Southeastern Surgical Congress.

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically altered the delivery of surgical care.MethodsMembers of the Southeastern Surgical Congress were surveyed regarding system adj...
COVID-19 presenting as fulminant hepatic failure: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has spread from Wuhan, China in December, 2019 to 216 countries and territories as of September 10, 2020 with 27.74 million cases and 899,911 confirmed deaths. The spectrum of disease is most commonly seen as a viral pneumonia with high grade fevers, shortness of breath, dry cough, and chest pain with radiologic evidence of bilateral, interstitial, ground glass opacities, and peripheral lung consolidation. Liver chemistries are frequently abnormal, with transaminases shown to be one-two times the upper limit of normal in most instances. The full spectrum of gastrointestinal involvement of the SARS-CoV-2 infection has yet to be fully seen.Patient concerns: We present a case of a young woman with SLE who developed severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, rapidly progressing to acute hepatic failure and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. She had no respiratory symptoms. DIAGNOSIS: A thorough work-up of acute liver failure including liver biopsy confirmed acute hepatitis with viral like changes. Common viral causes of liver failure were ruled out. The patient had no recent travel history. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was started on hydroxychloroquine due to SLE, treated with N-Acetyl-Cysteine, and methylprednisolone. OUTCOMES: The patient improved with resolution of encephalopathy and normalization of her liver chemistries without any development of respiratory illness. CONCLUSION: This case details a unique presentation of likely SARS-CoV-2 infection. Until now, the literature has primarily described a respiratory illness and liver injury with mild transaminase elevations. Significant liver injury progressing to acute liver failure should be considered in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection.