cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal and mechanical characterization of high performance epoxy systems with extended cure times

Five epoxy resins of different chemistry and functionality were cured with DDS (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) using 2, 8 and 14 h curecycles. Both Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) were used to characterize reaction behavior and cured properties of the resin systems. In addition, static mechanical tests and density measurements were integrated with the thermal characterization methods to correlate resin properties with process time. Flexural three-point bending experiments showed that the resins tended to have higher yield stress and toughness values at extended cure times. The improved mechanical properties could be attributed to the full development of the epoxy molecular structure, in the form of cross-linked networks and molecular rearrangement. These results suggest that extended cure times or high temperature post-curing may be required to obtain the resin's ultimate mechanical properties for high performance composites.
An Evaluation of Satellite Remote Sensing Data Products for Land Surface Hydrology: Atmospheric Infrared Sounder*

Abstract The skill of instantaneous Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrieved near-surface meteorology, including surface skin temperature (Ts), air temperature (Ta), specific humidity (q), and relative humidity (RH), as well as model-derived surface pressure (Psurf) and 10-m wind speed (w), is evaluated using collocated National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in situ observations, offline data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS), and geostationary remote sensing (RS) data from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). Such data are needed for RS-based water cycle monitoring in areas without readily available in situ data. The study is conducted over the continental United States and Africa for a period of more than 6 years (2002–08). For both regions, it provides for the first time the geographic distribution of AIRS retrieval performance. Through conditional sampling, attribution of retrieval errors to scene atmospheric and surface conditions is performed. Th...
MIXED BANKING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE GERMAN CASE

s of Doctoral Dissertations 559 banks were forced to combine into even larger institutions. Thus there was an interrelationship between the concentration movement in industry and in banking, closely connected with and indeed originating in the intimate relations between industry and the banks. These relations are analyzed in detail. The pivot of the association of banks with industry was the current-account connection, from which most other banking functions were emanating. The banks' direct contribution of funds to industry has probably been overemphasized, but it is estimated that they were more heavily engaged in the direct financing of industry in the 1920's than prior to World War I. In the process of the rapid transformation of Germany from a predominantly agricultural nation into an industrial world power, significant structural changes took place in the German bank balance sheets. Deposit liabilities increased very substantially as a result of the growth of branch banking and the concomitant endeavors of the banks to encourage the use of deposit facilities. At the same time, a clear secular decline in deposit turnover took place, thereby adding to bank resources. The relative importance of capital and reserves fell, and cash reserves were gradually reduced, reflecting the transformation of the banks into large branch systems. The amounts written off to cover losses on loans by a sample of banks in the 1920's seem to indicate a deterioration in the quality of the loan portfolio compared with the pre-World War I period. It is concluded that the German financial structure greatly facilitated the high rate of economic growth during the period of industrialization. The role of the German mixed banks in founding and encouraging new enterprise was particularly valuable. Bank lending gaps which developed because of the preoccupation with industrial finance were adequately filled by non-bank financial institutions, such as the credit co-operatives, the savings banks, and the mortgage institutions. The banking system experienced relatively few failures, and losses to depositors were small compared with other countries, in particular the United States. The crisis of 1931 was precipitated by factors outside the financial system, but the banks aggravated the crisis through their use of volatile foreign short-term funds to finance fixed-asset expansion of industry. Means of payment were provided by a number of different financial institutions which served different economic sectors. The existence of these alternatives probably resulted in a better payments mechanism than if all non-currency money had been provided by the banking system. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.141 on Mon, 18 Jul 2016 05:22:14 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Serological Relationships of the Potato Scab Organism and Other Species of Streptomyces

THE antigenic properties of actinomycetes were first demonstrated in 19041,2. Later, Douglas3–5 showed that Streptomyces scabies and other Streptomyces spp. liberated antigens into their growth media and that extracts of mycelium and spores contained antigenic substances. Douglas also reported that the actinomycetes which cause potato scab appeared to be closely related serologically and had a strong group antigen in common while the non-pathogenic aetinomycetes were more heterogeneous. Douglas reported, however, that there was no clear-cut division into pathogenic and saprophytic groups on the basis of serology. Because of the recent refinements in serological techniques it was decided to examine the serological relationship of S. scabies and other Streptomyces spp. using the agar-gel double-diffusion technique7. A rapid and reliable method of identifying S. scabies would be of great value in potato scab research.
2-Methylisoborneol, improved synthesis and a quantitative gas chromatographic method for trace concentrations producing odor in water

Abstract Naturally occurring 2-methylisoborneol, responsible for objectionable odor in some domestic water supplies, has been shown to exist in the enantiomeric form related to d-camphor. The synthesis by the action of methyllithium or methylmagnesium halides on d-camphor has been improved by the demonstration that the large amount of d-camphor in the crude product can be eliminated readily as the oxime. A method has been developed for the quantitation of 2-methylisoborneol in water down to the threshold-odor concentration of 0.1 μ/1. Camphor is added to the water as internal standard and the solution is extracted with 2% (v/v) of methylene chloride. The extract is concentrated to very small volume and analysed by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector.
Slow Gating in ClC Chloride Channels: Normal Mode Analysis

All-atom NMA is used to explore possible mechanisms for slow gating in ClC Cl− channels. As the “double-barreled” architecture is well established throughout the ClC family, both channels and transporters (Miller, 2006. Nature. 440:484), we use the high-resolution (2.5 A) X-ray structure of an E. coli ClC transporter (pdb entry 1OTS) as a template, describe it with the CHARMM22 force field and carry out standard all-mode NMA. The slowest, intrinsic motions encoded in the structure are determined by protein shape. Perturbing the system in either direction along the 7th all-atom NM leads to slow relative swinging of the subunits, perpendicular to the membrane plane. The in-plane swivel axis lies at the subunit interface, near the protein's center. The intracellular interfacial domain is the region most affected. Here the two halves of the protein oscillate, separating and then nearly touching. The R and A helices execute large scale swaying, alternately increasing and decreasing their cytoplasmic ends’ separations, motion in agreement with FRET experiments (Bykova et al., 2006. Nat. Struct. Biol. 13:1115). The ion-occupied intracellular pores behave as almost rigid units. As the subunits separate, the intracellular pore tilt relative to the membrane plane changes notably. In contrast, the extracellular portion of the subunit interface is significantly less affected, although small interfacial structural changes are clearly observable. Those extracellular regions structurally affected by the subunits’ slow sway are localized near the extracellular Cl− pathways. As the subunits separate, these regions compress, possibly shutting the extracellular pores. As they approach, the extracellular regions near the Cl− conduction pathways relax, possibly opening them.
Differential effects of neuroleptic drugs on the delayed matching-to-sample performance of pigeons.

Abstract The effects of clozapine, thiothixene, sulpiride, chlorpromazine and loxapine were examined in pigeons responding under a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) procedure using 0-, 2- and 8-sec delay intervals. Chlorpromazine (3–100 mg/kg), thiothixene (0.03–1.7 mg/kg), clozapine (0.1–5.6 mg/kg) and loxapine (0.1–10 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in the percent of correct responses (accuracy). With the exception of chlorpromazine, the relative magnitude of the accuracy-decreasing effects were unrelated to the length of the delay interval and the nondrug levels of accuracy. In contrast to these accuracy-decreasing effects, sulpiride (3–300 mg/kg) failed to decrease accuracy across the range of doses evaluated. Chlorpromazine, loxapine and clozapine increased responses rates at low doses and then decreased responses rates as the dose was increased. Thiothixene and sulpiride only decreased response rates in a dose-dependent fashion. The order of potency for the rate-suppressing effects of these drugs was thiothixene > clozapine = loxapine > chlorpromazine > sulpiride. The results of the present investigation suggest that, despite similar dopamine antagonist properties, neuroleptics produce qualitatively different effects in pigeons responding under DMTS procedures.
Bayesian analysis of cross-section and clustered data treatment models

This paper is concerned with the problem of determining the effect of a categorical treatment variable on a response given that the treatment is non-randomly assigned and the response (on any given subject) is observed for one setting of the treatment. We consider classes of models that are designed for such problems. These models are subjected to a fully Bayesian analysis based on Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The analysis of the treatment effect is then based on, amongst other things, the posterior distribution of the potential outcomes (counter-factuals) at the subject level, which is obtained as a by-product of the MCMC simulation procedure. The analysis is extended to models with categorical treatments and binary and clustered outcomes. The problem of model comparisons is also considered. Different aspects of the methodology are illustrated through two data examples.
Endothelin association with the cultured rat Kupffer cell: Characterization and regulation

Abstract Circulating endothelin (ET) levels are elevated in conditions such as endotoxemia, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, or orthotopic liver transplantation, and this potent peptide may contribute to hepatic pathophysiology. We measured the surface binding of [ 125 I]ET-1 to rat Kupffer cells in primary culture at 4°C; the apparent dissociation constant (K d ) was 270 pmol/L, and the apparent B max was 3,000 receptors/cell. At 37°C, total association (surface binding plus internalization) was much greater than at 4°C, indicating that internalization of the receptor-ligand complex is rapid; the apparent K d was 30 pmol/L, comparable with other reports for hepaticderived cells. Studies using [ 125 i]ET-1, [ 125 I]ET-3, and specific ET (ant)agonists showed that Kupffer cells possess predominantly ET B type receptors. Prior treatment with 500 pmol/L unlabeled endothelin rapidly ( 125 1]ET association; using 5 nmol/L unlabeled ET, this occlusion occurred within 1 minute. [ 125 1]ET association with Kupffer cells was unaffected by short-term (≈-1 hour) treatment with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), but long-term (20 hour) treatment resulted in a twofold increase in [ 125 1]ET association with no change in the apparent K d . Stimulation of protein kinase C in Kupffer cells by phorbol 12-myristate acetate had a dual regulatory effect on [ 125 I]ET association. Short-term ( 125 1]ET-3 association by 50%, whereas prolonged treatment (20 hour) increased association twofold. In both cases, the apparent K d for [ 125 1]-endothelin was unaltered.
Edible films and coatings from soy protein

A method was developed by which films could be prepared from commercial isolated soy protein (ISP). ISP was treated with alkali (ATISP) to alter film orooerties. Water vapor oermeability (WVP). oxygen‘permeability (O2P), tensile strength (TS), percent elongatidn (%E), and appearance of ISP and ATISP were compared. Alkali treatment had no effect on WVP. O2P, and TS, gave hieher %E, and improved film appearance. Films properties were also compared at pH 6, 8, 10, and 12. In general, pH 6 gave higher WVP and O2P and lower TS and %E; while higher pH gave lower WVP and O2P and higher TS and %E. ATISP films could not be produced at pH 6. Film appearance generally improved with increased pH.
Glutamate transport by Rcho-1 cells derived from rat placenta.

Marginal giant cells within the rodent placenta are important sources of androgens, critical to maintenance of pregnancy. Androgen synthesis requires NADPH, a by-product of glutamate oxidation. We examined the uptake of glutamate into rat choriocarcinoma cells, which have been shown to maintain many of the characteristics of marginal giant cells in culture. Na+-dependent, d-aspartate inhibitable uptake consistent with System XAG− mediated transport was present, as were proteins capable of System XAG− activity, EAAC1, GLAST1, and GLT1. Glutamate uptake in rat choriocarcinoma cells was up-regulated by amino acid deprivation—a response that was not reversed by the addition of glutamate to the media. Inhibition data suggested up-regulation of transport activity mediated by either EAAC1 or GLAST1 at 6 h, whereas at 24 and 48 h, up-regulation of GLT1 plays an increasing role. Levels of EAAC1 immunoreactive protein increased with time under amino acid depleted conditions, whereas those of GLAST1 and GLT1 remained stable or declined but not significantly.
A scalable dual‐primal domain decomposition method

We blend dual and primal domain decomposition approaches to construct a fast iterative method for the solution of large-scale systems of equations arising from the finite element discretization of second- and fourth-order partial differential equations. We show numerically that our method is scalable with respect to the mesh size, the subdomain size, and the number of elements per subdomain. We apply it to the solution of several realistic structural mechanics problems, and report on parallel performance results obtained on an Origin 2000 system, as well as the ASCI Option Red supercomputer. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allele assignment for HLA-A, -B, and -C genes to the Tenth International Histocompatibility Workshop cell lines

Development of DNA typing for Class I HLA alleles has lagged behind that of class II for a variety of technical reasons. Following the recognition of locus specific sequences in the first and the third intron, and acquiring the ability to amplify genomic DNA by intron-based PCR primer, we have devised DNA typing of class I alleles by SSOP and direct sequencing. In this study using these techniques we provide the allelic typing of HLA-A, -B, and -C genes for the B-lymphoblastoid reference cell lines from the Tenth International Histocompatibility Workshop. We also describe some common associations of the C alleles with HLA-A and HLA-B alleles.
Diversity as a policy goal: The case of television

Diversity in communications is most appropriately understood as a free flow of ideas. In order to implement diversity, a comprehensive model of the communication process must be used for policy research, so that the various participants in the process can be properly restrained from abridging the free flow of ideas. The setting of priorities for implementing diversity has been illustrated using available studies of broadcast and cable television.
System protection requirements for the resistance of meteoroid penetration damage.

Study of protection requirements for resistance of meteorite penetration damage for various interplanetary spacecraft systems
Wealth Distribution and Imperfect Factor Markets: A Classroom Experiment

Abstract The author presents a simple exercise to demonstrate how initial property distribution can affect final wealth patterns in developing areas of the world. The simulation is a variant of the Monopoly board game in which students role play different members of a market in which they each face different rules of credit access and salary patterns. The property distribution and new mortgage rules reflect the reality of many developing areas. The simulation can be completed in one full class period and has proven successful in making students more sensitive to wealth distribution issues. Students have suggested several variations of this simulation to make it applicable across more settings.
[3 5S]Sulfate incorporation into myelin glycoproteins II. Peripheral nervous tissue

Abstract The in vivo incorporation of [ 3 5 S]sulfate, [ 3 H]fucose and [ 3 H]leucine into sciatic nerve myelin was investigated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins indicated that the 3 5 S-labeling of proteins occurred almost exclusively in the major myelin protein. A smaller myelin glycoprotein migrating just ahead of the major one was labeled with [ 3 H]fucose but did not incorporate 3 5 S to a detectable extent. There was little or no 3 5 S associated with basic proteins on polyacrylamide gels when the proteins were extracted with chloroform/methanol. Fucose-labeled myelin glycoproteins were converted to glycopeptides by pronase digestion. The glycopeptides gave a single peak on Sephadex G-50 in which the 3 H and 3 5 S coincided. The association of 3 5 S with glycopeptides was not caused by binding of sulfatide or free inorganic sulfate. This study shows that the major myelin protein in the sciatic nerve of the rat is glycosylated and sulfated.
Transformation of Escherichia coli with large DNA molecules by electroporation

We have examined bacterial electroporation with a specific interest in the transformation of large DNA, i.e. molecules > 100 kb. We have used DNA from bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) ranging from 7 to 240 kb, as well as BAC ligation mixes containing a range o different sized molecules. The efficiency of electroporation with large DNA is strongly dependent on the strain of Escherichia coli used; strains which offer comparable efficiencies for 7 kb molecules differ in their uptake of 240 kb DNA by as much as 30-fold. Even with a host strain that transforms relatively well with large DNA, transformation efficiency drops dramatically with increasing size of the DNA. Molecules of 240 kb transform approximately 30-fold less well, on a molar basis, than molecules of 80 kb. Maximum transformation of large DNA occurs with different voltage gradients and with different time constants than are optimal for smaller DNA. This provides the opportunity to increase the yield of transformants which have taken up large DNA relative to the number incorporating smaller molecules. We have demonstrated that conditions may be selected which increase the average size of BAC clones generated by electroporation and compare the overall efficiency of each of the conditions tested.
Non-random association of chromosomes during mitotic metaphase in tissue cells of the mouse.

Examination of air dried preparations of metaphase figures in mouse embryonic liver cells in which three pairs of chromosomes with satellites can be demonstrated shows clearly ring-like and end to end associations of chromosomes which appear to be spatially non-random. The chromosomes with satellites participate in these associations much more frequently than expected by chance. The possible significance of these associations in terms of nucleolus organization is discussed.
The Earnings and Consulting Income of US Health Economists: Results from the 2012 Survey of the American Society of Health Economists

This paper presents data from the first-ever survey of members of the American Society of Health Economists (ASHEcon) that was conducted in 2012. We present summary statistics of health economist e...
ROAD PROFILES, VEHICLE DYNAMICS, AND HUMAN JUDGMENT OF SERVICEABILITY OF ROADS: SPECTRAL FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS

The serviceability rating of roads has been an interesting and important subject ever since it was introduced to measure the road performance. The present paper analytically addresses this problemn...
Buckling of jets in electrospinning

Abstract Various buckling instabilities of electrospinning jets were observed and compared with the buckling instabilities of uncharged fluid jets. Buckling instability arises due to jet compression at impingement on a collector surface and occurs independently of the electrical bending instability. The velocity, diameter, density and viscosity of the electrospinning jets are the key factors that determine the buckling frequency. The electrically charged jets impinging onto grounded, horizontal or inclined (wedge-like) electrodes moving laterally at a constant velocity are studied experimentally. Straight and bending (electrospinning) jets emerge at short and sufficiently long inter-electrode distances, respectively. The experiments show that both straight segment and bending jets, when impinging onto a counter-electrode, buckled and produced patterns of meandering deposits. In the case of bending electrospun jets these short-length buckling patterns were superimposed on the bending loops found in the deposits. Buckling-related and bending-related morphologies are easily distinguishable. The buckling patterns have frequencies of the order of 105–106 Hz, whereas the bending loops are formed at the frequencies of the order of 103 Hz. The deposited buckling patterns include sinuous, zigzag-like, figures-of-eight, recurring curves, coiled and other structures that resembled many patterns created by uncharged jets of highly viscous fluids impinging a hard flat surface. In addition, several new morphologies which were not observed before with uncharged jets were found. The experimentally measured frequencies of the buckling patterns were compared to the theoretical predictions and a reasonable agreement was found.
Reduced-rank growth curve models

The growth curve model proposed by Potthoff and Roy (Biometrika 51 (1964) 313) and studied further by Rao and others in several articles has useful applications in many fields. Typically, the model relates the mean response of a characteristic observed over several times, represented as a parametric function of time, to time-invariant covariates. In the context of multivariate regression of a set of response variables related to a set of predictors, previous work has demonstrated that more parsimonious modeling is possible through the assumption of reduced rank of the regression coefficient matrix. In this paper, we examine the use of reduced-rank structure for the coefficient matrix of the parameters in the growth curve model. The developments of the basic reduced-rank growth curve model are surveyed and some extensions are given, and related work is discussed. Details are provided on maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of these reduced-rank growth curve models, as well as on likelihood ratio testing for the rank of the coefficient matrix. The connection between the reduced-rank models and the multivariate one-way ANOVA model and linear discriminant analysis is indicated. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the merits of the techniques.
Components of early outpatient palliative care consultation in patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Abstract Background: Although palliative care consultation is recommended early in the course of oncology treatment, little evidence exists to guide the nature of this intervention. We describe a clinical practice of early palliative care consultation that improved quality of life, mood, and survival in a randomized clinical trial. Methods: As part of a randomized trial of early palliative care versus standard care in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we analyzed documentation of the components of the initial palliative care consultation, self-reported quality of life as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung Trial Outcome Index (FACT-L TOI), and mood as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: Seven palliative care clinicians provided consultation to 67 patients. The median total time spent with patients for the initial visit was 55 minutes (range, 20–120). Consultations focused on symptom management (median, 20 minu...
Absence of insertions among spontaneous mutants of Salmonella typhimurium

While insertion sequences (IS) in Escherichia coli transpose frequently to generate spontaneous insertion mutants, such mutations are rare in Salmonella typhimurium: the only documented insertion mutation is a hisD mutation caused by the Salmonella-specific IS element IS200. To obtain more examples of IS200 insertion mutations and to seek additional types of IS elements in Salmonella, we selected and characterized 422 independent, spontaneous His− mutants and some 2100 additional mutants that are not necessarily independent. None of the mutants showed the absolute polar effect characteristic of insertion mutations or the reversion properties characteristic of insertions (low spontaneous reversion frequency and no reversion induction by chemical mutagens). A few mutants, showing a high spontaneous reversion frequency, were screened physically. No insertion mutations were found. Thus insertion mutations appear to be rare in S. typhimurium, in strong contrast to E. coli and despite the possession in Salmonella of at least one type of insertion element (IS200). These results suggest that in Salmonella transposition of the endogenous elements has been controlled. The transposition ability of the elements may have been reduced or favored target sites removed from the host genome.
Investigation of Unique Carbon Nanotube Cell Restraint Compliant Mechanisms

Unique micromechanisms are required to grasp mouse egg cells while genetic material is inserted into the cell through micro or nanoinjection. To obtain the high aspect ratio needed to fully grasp the 100 μm-diameter cells, carbon-infiltrated vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests are fabricated into various designs of compliant cell restraint mechanisms. Six preliminary designs are fabricated and tested, leading to a more effective design that meets the stated design requirements. This improved mechanism is discussed in detail. Finally, as a possible alternative to these more complicated mechanisms, a simple CNT passive cell restraint structure is also presented.
An information structure for data base and device independent report generation

The generation of computer output information that is easily read by humans is a tedious and elaborate task when present-day programming languages are employed. This is certainly true when assembly language is used. Features like PL/I's DATA and LIST output options are improvements over FORTRAN's requirements of mandatory FORMAT statements. However, such desirable formats as tabular listings still require much programming and coordination. Another troublesome area involves the generation of information (i.e., reports) on devices that have different characteristics (e.g., printer, CRT). Typically, the size of the "page", and thus the amount of information that can be placed on a "page" will be different for the various devices. Current programming practice forces specification of the output format in a device dependent manner. Thus, to generate a report on more than one type of device would require recoding the section of a program that specifies the output format. Therefore, a method for describing just the logical format of a report, without consideration of the characteristics of the possible output device, would be desirable.
Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia: a prospective study of its identification and treatment

Summary. Acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia remains an uncommonly recognized disorder, usually identified by electron microscopy or with monoclonal antibodies. Using two monoclonal antibodies (HP1-1D identifying glycoprotein IIB/IIIA and W1-23 identifying von Willebrand factor) we have studied during a 12 month period all cases of acute leukaemia with FAB L2, M1 or undifferentiated morphology presenting in our cooperative group ‘Grupo de Hematologos de Puebla’ in Mexico. Six of 21 FAB L2, M1 or undifferentiated leukaemias were classified immunologically as megakaryoblastic. Five of these patients had myelofibrosis and two had normal platelet counts but abnormal platelet aggregation function. All six patients were treated with low-dose cytosine arabinoside (10 mg/m2) administered subcutaneously, twice daily in 21 d courses). Haematologic response was achieved in five cases while the sixth died before completing one course. Three patients relapsed within the first month after completing the chemotherapy and died. Two patients remain in remission 11 and 15 months after initial treatment. It is our impression that the prevalence of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia has been under-estimated, and that low-dose cytosine arabinoside treatment may be of value in its management.
Michael Cunningham's The Hours and Postmodern Artistic Re-Presentation

ow that Michael Cunningham's The Hours has been made into a film representing yet another echo of Woolf's Mrs. DaUo\va\\ it is worth investigating just how the later novel conceives its relation to its predecessor. Because The Hours directly lakes the role of literature as one of its subjects, it may provide a model for considering postmodern artistic representation more generally. Such re-telling or re-presentation o f an earlier work o f art i s rife i n postmodernity, and not just in fiction. Consider Stoppard's Rosemrcmtz and Guildenstem are Dead. Smiley's A Thousand Acres. Hwang's M. Bulleifly, Branagh's Love's Labour's Lost, John Madden's Shakespeare in Love, the rock opera Rome and Jewels, or the gospel version of Messiah. Too Hot to Handel as a random sampling from a long list. Although this kind of postmodern re-presentation has been condemned as pastiche or ironic parody.' the practice is nothing new. The notion that art must be brand-new, a kind of large-scale urban renewal project forever starting lrt)m scratch is mostly drawn from modernism. Many earlier art forms acknowledged their predecessors and borrowed liberally from both the structure and content of earlier models. One has only to consider the various versions of Fausl or the models for Shakespeare's plays or Palladio's borrowing from classical forms or the later borrowing from Palladio or the habits of composers writing variations on earlier themes to acknowledge a venerable tradition of artistic repetition. In echoing this history, the arts of postmodernism suggest something more traditional than modernism, but they may be attempting something new as well, a departure as well as a return. But the "something new" is not easy (o characterize. It eludes our grasp.
PTCH1 duplication in a family with microcephaly and mild developmental delay

With the exception of the X chromosome, genomic deletions appear to be more prevalent than duplications. Because of a lack of accurate diagnostic methods, submicroscopic duplications have been under-ascertained for a long period. The development of array CGH has enabled the detection of chromosomal microduplications with nearly the same sensitivity as deletions, leading to the discovery of previously unrecognized syndromes. Using a clinical targeted oligonucleotide array (CMA-V6.3 OLIGO), we identified an ∼360-kb duplication in 9q22.32 in a 21-month-old boy with developmental delay, failure to thrive, and microcephaly. The same duplication was identified in the patient's mother who is also microcephalic and mildly delayed. We have sequenced the chromosomal breakpoints and determined the duplication as tandem in orientation and 363 599 bp in size. The duplicated segment harbors the entire PTCH1 gene. Deletions or loss-of-function mutations of PTCH1 result in basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome), whereas gain-of-function mutations were proposed to lead to holoprosencephaly 7. We propose that patients with microcephaly or holoprosencephaly of unknown origin should also be screened for PTCH1 duplication.
Periodic Boehmians II

A space of periodic generalised functions, called boehmians, is investigated. The space of boehmians contains all periodic distributions. It is known that not every hyperfunction is a boehmian. We show that the converse is also true. We present some theorems which give sufficient conditions for a sequence of complex numbers to be the Fourier coefficients of a boehmian. Sufficient conditions (in terms of the Fourier coefficients) are obtained for a sequence of boehmians to converge. As an application, a Dirichlet problem is discussed.
The placenta of the four-eyed opossum (philander opossum)Philander opossum)

The placental membranes of the four-eyed opossum were studied by light and electron microscopy. The individual fetuses in each uterus were surrounded by amnion, had allantoic sacs of approximately the same size as each fetus, and were situated in a common yolk sac cavity. The extent of the choriovitelline placenta was marked by a prominent sinus terminalis, and at this margin there was a region where the trophoblast cells penetrated folds of the endometrium. Elsewhere the choriovitelline placenta was closely applied to the uterine epithelium along most of its surface, but the microvilli of the two epithelia did not interdigitate. Numerous inclusion bodies were seen in the trophoblast of both the choriovitelline and bilaminar omphalopleure portions of the placenta, but the aggregates were larger in the latter. The endoderm cells of the choriovitelline placenta had extensive endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria, but did not have conspicuous absorption canaliculi. Placentation in the four-eyed opossum appears to represent a progressive advance over that of the Virginia opossum both in confluence of the yolk sacs of the fetuses and in having a region of penetration of the maternal endometrium by trophoblast.
Accident or intent? The U.S. policy response to the crisis in Venezuela

Abstract ‘Latin America often remains an afterthought of American foreign policy’, candidate George W. Bush declared, but as president he promised to ‘look south, not as an afterthought, but as a fundamental commitment’.1 While he never specified the nature of this commitment, his administration initially did seem to give the region unusual priority. The president met with a number of Latin American leaders, supported the Free Trade of the Americas Agreement in Quebec City, devoted his first state dinner to Mexico's President Fox, and later visited the region. For a time, it seemed as if policy towards Latin America might actually playa significant role in the U.S. vision of the world and that a genuine policy for the region might be crafted. But September 11 quickly demonstrated that U.S.-Latin America policy would be business as usual. As Argentina imploded, the war on drugs in Colombia crumbled, trade policy stalled, and the special relationship with President Fox failed to produce the promised ‘grand ...
Heaping in Anniversary Reaction Studies: A Cautionary Note

Several studies have reported evidence that death is often associated with significant ceremonial events like holidays and birthdays, a phenomenon variously called the “anniversary reaction,” “holi...
Mechanisms of antithyroidal activity of methimazole

Methimazole produces a significant inhibition of iodide ion absorption by the intact thyroid which may account for the major portion of its antithyroidal action. The principal intrathyroidal effect of methimazole is shown to be due to its reactivity with elemental iodine. It neither inhibits nor serves as a competitive substrate for the hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase enzyme system. Thyroxine is displaced from its serum binding sites by methimazole; however, this mechanism is not considered to be clinically important.
Multicenter clinical experience with rescue atherectomy for failed angioplasty.

Abstract Directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) has been proposed as a “rescue” technique for failed or suboptimal percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PICA) in an attempt to avoid myocardial infarction or emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. In this report we review the utilization and outcome of rescue atherectomy from the clinical experience of The Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Medical College of Virginia from November 1988 through January 1993, and from the Coronary Angioplasty Versus Excisional Atherectomy Trial (CAVEAT) database. This analysis includes 100 patients with 103 treated lesions from 44 patients at the Cleveland Clinic, 36 patients from the Medical College of Virginia, and 20 patients from the CAVEAT database. The etiology of failed PICA was primarily from dissection in 52 lesions (50.5%), “recoil” in 43 lesions (41.8%), and recurrent thrombosis in 8 lesions (7.8%). Complete vessel closure was present in 23 lesions (22.3%). The vessels treated included 51.5% left anterior descending, 24.3% right coronary, and 16.5% circumflex coronary arteries. The average reference vessel diameter in the group was 3.10 ± 0.06 mm (SEM), with an average stenosis of 78.9 ± 1.2 % before PTCA, 55.8 ± 2.4 after PTCA, and 24.1 ± 2.2% after rescue DCA. DCA was successful (Thrombosis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] grade 3 flow with >20% stenosis reduction without death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or coronary artery bypass grafting) in 94 of 103 lesions (91.3%). Complications included 1 patient with perforation (1%), 2 deaths within 24 hours (2.0%), and 6 patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (6%). In 33 patients with TIMI grade 0–2 flow or acute closure after PTCA, TIMI grade 3 flow was restored in 30 (90.9%). Rescue atherectomy thus may play a beneficial role in the treatment of acute angioplasty complica tions and/or suboptimal results, although vessel perforation is an uncommon complication.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Practice Patterns of Primary Care Physicians

OBJECTIVE: To define primary care physicians' (PCPs) practices in managing patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to compare these practices to portions of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research BPH guideline and urologists' practices. DESIGN: Mail survey. PARTICIPANTS: Nationwide random sample of PCPs and urologists, selected from the American Medical Association Registry. METHODS: Initial mailing, postcard reminder, second mailing, telephone reminder, final mailing. MAIN RESULTS: Primary care physicians (n = 444, response = 51%) reported seeing a median of 35 patients with BPH over the preceding year, in contrast to 240 for urologists (n = 394, response = 68%). Regarding tests recommended by the guideline, two thirds of PCPs reported rarely or never using the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index, nearly all reported routinely performing digital rectal examinations, and many (66%) reported routinely ordering tests to determine the serum creatinine level. Although considered "optional" by the guideline, more than 90% of PCPs reported routinely ordering a prostate-specific antigen test, while infrequently using other optional tests. Regarding "not recommended" studies, a substantial minority reported selectively or routinely ordering intravenous pyelography (34%) and renal ultrasound (33%), while two thirds reported rarely or never ordering these tests. Eighty-six percent of PCPs reported prescribing medications for BPH over the preceding year; α blockers to a median of 12 patients, and finasteride to a median of 2. Variation in urology referral thresholds was suggested in responses to two patient scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care physicians are actively managing patients with BPH. Some of their diagnostic evaluations vary from the recommendations of a national guideline and urologists' practices. Referral thresholds appear to vary considerably.
Non-Newtonian fluid flow in a reservoir - An application to hydraulic fracturing

A formulation for the flow of a power law non-Newtonian fluid in a porous-permeable medium represented by a nonlinear partial differential equation is presented. This governing equation is transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation whose solution is expanded as a Lie series. As an application to hydraulic fracturing, the problem of a Newtonian reservoir fluid being displaced by an injected non-Newtonian fluid is discussed. The resulting moving boundary problem is solved, resulting in explicit solutions for the respective pressure distributions and the displacement of the moving interface. The presented solutions provide a firm theoretical basis for fluid loss characterization in the porous-permeable reservoir.
Political forecasting as a management tool

Political forces in developing countries permeate and significantly shape the business environment. Yet the political information used by managers is usually general, subjective and superficial. Managers lack an appropriate analytical framework for systematically examining political factors and forecasting their impact on the firm. This paper attempts to present such a framework. The framework focuses on the impact of political forces on development strategies, public policies and policy instruments. It then discusses how the analysis of these factors can be made managerially relevant by integrating them with firm specific characteristics and corporate strategy. This approach departs from many of the traditional political forecasting techniques which only concentrate on macro-level factors and indicators.
Substance Use among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients Entering Substance Abuse Treatment: Comparisons to Heterosexual Clients

Objective: This study evaluated whether sexual orientation-specific differences in substance use behaviors exist among adults entering substance abuse treatment. Method: Admissions records (July 2007–December 2009) were examined for treatment programs in San Francisco, California receiving government funding. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons (n 1,441) were compared to heterosexual persons (n 11,770) separately by sex, examining primary problem substance of abuse, route of administration, age of first use, and frequency of use prior to treatment. Results: Regarding bisexual males, the only significant finding of note was greater prevalence of methamphetamine as the primary substance of abuse. When compared to heterosexual men, gay and bisexual men evidenced greater rates of primary problem methamphetamine use (44.5% and 21.8%, respectively, vs. 7.7%, adjusted odds ratios [ORs] 6.43 and 2.94), and there was lower primary heroin use among gay men (9.3% vs. 25.8%, OR 0.35). Among LGB individuals, race and ethnicity did not predict primary problem substance, except that among LGB men and women, a non-White race predicted cocaine use (OR 4.83 and 6.40, respectively), and among lesbian and bisexual women, Hispanic ethnicity predicted lower odds of primary cocaine use (OR 0.24). When compared to heterosexual men, gay men were more likely to smoke their primary problem substance (OR 1.61), first used this substance at an older age (M 23.16 vs. M 18.55, p .001), and used this substance fewer days prior to treatment (M 8.75 vs. M 11.41, p .001). There were no differences between heterosexual and lesbian or bisexual women. Conclusions: There were unique patterns of substance use for gay and bisexual men entering substance abuse treatment, but women did not evidence differences. Gay men evidenced unique factors that may reflect less severity of use when entering treatment including fewer days of use and a later age of initiation of their primary problem substances. The results underscore the importance of being sensitive to differences between gay, bisexual, and heterosexual males when considering substance use disorders. What is the public health significance of this article? This study suggests that it is important to consider the sexual orientation of individuals entering substance abuse treatment as it may be an indicator of different patterns of substance use, particularly among gay men.
The Raman spectra of several uranyl-containing minerals using a microprobe

Abstract The Raman spectra of uranophane, sodium boltwoodite, soddyite, weeksite, carnotite, and dehydrated schoepite were collected using a microprobe. The dominant feature of all spectra was a strong peak between 738 and 842 cm −1 which was assigned to the symmetric stretch of the uranyl ion. The peak position varies with the environment of the uranyl ion and is helpful in the identification of uranium-bearing phases that form during the water-assisted alteration of high-level nuclear waste.
A pledge to hand hygiene commitment

To the Editor:I am writing to celebrate the influx of handwashing (HW) campaigns over the past decade. As a practitioner, graduate nursing student, and patient, I have been engaged in the battle for HW compliance on a very personal level. HW has been recognized as a necessity for centuries, but barr
Possible effect of carbon nanotube diameter on gas–surface interactions – The case of benzene, water, and n-pentane adsorption on SWCNTs at ultra-high vacuum conditions

Abstract Effect of carbon nanotubes (CNT) crystal structure on chemical activity (SAR) has been studied extensively in CNT suspension. However, these effects are experimentally underexplored for gas–CNT interactions (heterogeneous catalysis). We report about ultra-high vacuum kinetics experiments on metallic, semiconducting, and mixed CNTs. A weak and probe molecule specific SAR is present for adsorption inside the CNTs but not for the population of external sites. The experimental data are in part consistent with theoretical predictions.
Intraventricular administration of antivasopressin serum inhibits retention in mice.

Abstract Elevations and decrements in the levels of the posterior pituitary hormone vasopressin result in facilitations and deficits in retention, respectively, in rats. Despite the frequent use of mice in studies of pharmacological influences on retention, there is a paucity of information regarting the role of endogenous peptides, particularly vasopressin, in the memory processes of mice. In the present experiment, mice suffering from acute inactivation of central vasopressin, induced by an immediately posttraining, 2 μl, intracerebroventricular injection of antivasopressin serum, displayed a retention deficit for passive avoidance training. The results of this experiment suggest that endogenous vasopressin modulates the memory processes of mice, as well as rats.
The Gender Differential Effects of a Procedural Plan For Solving Mathematical Word Problems

This research investigated potential gender-related effects of an explicitly stated problem solving plan for sixth graders. Females and males did equally well on both forms of the test. Students scored significantly higher (P = .023) on the second occasion of testing that included the problem solving plan. A mixed, two factor repeated measures Analysis of Variance found a significant effect for occasion of testing (P = .001) and a significant interaction effect of occasion of testing, test sequence, and gender (P = .006). It was concluded that females benefited from free exploration of problem situations followed by an organized exploration, while males appeared to function equally well regardless of the problem solving plan.