cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GSTP1 promoter methylation is associated with recurrence in early stage prostate cancer.

Purpose: Recurrent prostate cancer remains a major problem. Staging, grading and prostate specific antigen level at surgery are helpful but still imperfect predictors of recurrence. For this reason there is an imperative need for additional biomarkers that add to the prediction of currently used prognostic factors.Materials and Methods: We evaluated the extent of promoter methylation of genes previously reported as aberrantly methylated in prostate cancer (AIM1, APC, CCND2, GPX3, GSTP1, MCAM, RARβ2, SSBP2 and TIMP3) by quantitative fluorogenic methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. We used cancer tissue from a nested case-control study of 452 patients surgically treated for prostate cancer. Recurrence cases and controls were compared and the association between methylation extent and recurrence risk was estimated by logistic regression adjusting for patient age at prostatectomy, prostatectomy year, stage, grade, surgical margins and preprostatectomy prostate specific antigen. All statistical test...
Some ‘special’ interpolation formulae for triangular and quadrilateral elements

Presented herein are methods to generate special interpolation formulae of the following type: (i) C0 continuous interpolation over triangular elements which induces a given type of singularity for the first derivatives at one of the vertices, and yet preserves ‘rigid and constant strain’ motions, (ii) C1 continuous interpolation over triangular elements which induces a given type of singularity for second derivatives at one of the vertices.
Reading Goals and the Standards for Foreign Language Learning.

The Standards for Foreign Language Learning (1996) provide a new set of guidelines for the curricular development of second language (L2) or foreign language programs that will soon be in place across the United States to describe age-appropriate levels of student achievement, and against which teacher preparation and rewards will be measured. This essay traces the Standards as a template for an integrated L2 reading curriculum (Grades 4 through 16) and argues for the early inclusion of authentic reading materials in the L2 classroom. First, we model ways to visualize the cognitive demands that the Standards place on students who attempt to fulfill them when learning to read in a foreign language. After that, with reference to a short reading text (included in the Appendix in the German original and in translation), we trace how these demands must be accommodated across a reading curriculum that spans grades K to 16 and make a case for the Standards as a tool that must be used to describe curricular sequences, not only learner achievement at particular age or grade levels.
Approximating the Independent Domatic Partition Problem in Random Geometric Graphs - An Experimental Study

We investigate experimentally the Domatic Partition (DP) problem, the Independent Domatic Partition (IDP) problem and the Idomatic partition problem in Random Geometric Graphs (RGGs). In particular, we model these problems as Integer Linear Programs (ILPs), solve them optimally, and show on a large set of samples that RGGs are independent domatically full most likely (over 93% of the cases) and domatically full almost certainly (100% of the cases). We empirically confirm using two methods that RGGs are not idomatic on any of the samples. We compare the results of the ILP-based exact algorithms with those of known coloring algorithms both centralized and distributed. Coloring algorithms achieve a competitive performance ratio in solving the IDP problem [11, 10]. Our results on the high likelihood of the “independent domatic fullness” of RGGs lead us to believe that coloring algorithms can be specifically enhanced to achieve a better performance ratio on the IDP size than [11, 10]. We also investigate experimentally the extremal sizes of individual dominating and independent sets of the partitions.
Trajectory deadlock in power system models

A number of standard power system models implement non-windup limits on control blocks in ways that can lead to trajectory deadlock. This deadlock behaviour takes the form of infinitely fast switching, due to incompatibility between the conditions that govern switching on either side of the switching surface. Solutions can only be continued in a Filippov sense. The paper explores this phenomenon in the context of a standard voltage regulator model, and an industry-standard model of a doubly-fed induction generator that is widely used to represent wind turbine generators. Two approaches to preventing deadlock are considered: the first employs a deadband, while the second uses feedback.
Internal-External Control and Motivations for Alcohol Use among College Students:

A group of vocational education students' (N = 144) responses showed I-E scores did not influence self-reported drinking. The group behaved much like the national patterns: males drank more than females and had more problems related to their drinking. The developmental model of Schilling and Carmen was not supported.
A Privacy-preserving Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Low-Cost RFID Tags

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an emerging technology for automatic object identification. For successful deployment of tags, a RFID system should provide effective protection over security and privacy. In particular, traceability is the main concern for user privacy. To address these issues, mutual authentication between the reader and tags is required when deploying a RFID system. Unfortunately, because low-cost RFID tags are highly resource constrained, they are not able to carry out expensive cryptographic primitives to achieve strong authentication. This paper introduces a lightweight authentication protocol for low-cost RFID tags. Compared with previous work, our solution provides better traceability protection while keeping the system efficient in terms of computation and communication. Our scheme also maintains comparable strength regarding other security aspects.
Exact Solutions in Oscillating Airfoil Theory

A result obtained by Williams (1977) for two-dimensional airfoils oscillating in an arbitrary subsonic parallel flowfield is reformulated to show that the pressure distribution induced by any deformation can be construed from the particular solutions for heaving and pitching motions. Specific formulas are presented for an oscillating control surface with a sealed gap.
Effects of eugenol, α-terpineol, terpin-4-ol, and methyl eugenol on consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep ☆

Abstract Many secondary compounds are typically present in unpalatable shrubs on arid and semi-arid rangelands. However, the relationship between intake by livestock and concentration of individual chemicals has been examined for very few of these compounds. Four experiments were conducted to examine effects of individual volatile compounds on intake of alfalfa pellets by lambs. Forty-five lambs (9 lambs/treatment) were individually fed alfalfa pellets with eugenol, α-terpineol, terpin-4-ol, or methyl eugenol applied at one of five concentrations. Treatments were multiples (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 10×) of the concentration (×) of each compound on the leaf surface of Flourensia cernua . Treatment solutions were sprayed on alfalfa pellets (0.64 kg/lamb/d, dry matter basis), and intake was measured during a 20-min interval for five days. A day effect ( P P > 0.05). No treatment effects were observed ( P > 0.05) for any of the chemicals tested; thus, eugenol, α-terpineol, terpin-4-ol, and methyl eugenol were not related to intake of alfalfa pellets by lambs under the conditions of this study.
Temporal geochemical variation in Ethiopian Lakes Shala, Arenguade, Awasa, and Beseka: Possible environmental impacts from underwater and borehole detonations

We present chemical analyses of 25 major, minor, and trace elements in 59 water samples from four lakes and five streams in central Ethiopia. Our major-element data extend to 2003 the intermittent series of measurements that reach back 40–65 years for Lakes Shala, Arenguade, Awasa, and Beseka within or adjacent to the Main Ethiopian Rift. Our minor-element and trace-element data help establish baselines for future monitoring of these four lakes. Water chemistry was analyzed using samples taken in Lake Arenguade and Lake Shala both before and after detonation of submerged explosive charges as part of an active-source seismic survey of the Main Ethiopian Rift. Our data demonstrate no clear impact on the chemistry of Lake Shala from a 900-kg detonation suspended in the water column, whether from dispersal of the explosive charge in the body of water, or from mixing of the lake, or from stirring up of bottom mud into the lake water. In contrast, some changes in the chemistry of Lake Arenguade, most notably a decrease in Na and K concentration of 15–20% occurring between 1 and 11 days after detonation of a 1200-kg charge placed on the lake bottom, may possibly be ascribed to reaction between lake water and sediment stirred up by the detonation. However, these chemical changes that are potentially caused by our seismic detonation are significantly smaller than the natural variations in lake chemistry documented by long-term records. Additionally, we found no change in water chemistry of samples taken from Lakes Awasa and Beseka and from several streams both before and after nearby borehole detonations of 50– 1775 kg. Detonating explosive charges underwater greatly enhances seismic data quality. Bottom charges stir lake-bottom sediments into the water column, perhaps resulting in temporary changes in lake chemistry. Our borehole and suspended lake charges had no measurable chemical or lasting environmental effects. These ‘negative’ results – the lack of alteration of lake habitats consequent on seismic detonations – are a positive outcome. � 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Molecular weight fractionation of humic substances by adsorption onto minerals

Molecular weight (MW) fractionation of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and purified Aldrich humic acid (PAHA) by adsorption onto kaolinite and hematite was investigated in equilibrium and rate experiments with a size-exclusion chromatography system using ultraviolet (UV) light detection. The extent of adsorptive fractionation based on UV detection was positively correlated with the percent carbon adsorption for both humic substances (HS), although the specific fractionation pattern observed depended on the particular HS and mineral used. Higher MW fractions of SRFA, an aquatic HS, were preferentially adsorbed to both kaolinite and hematite whereas the fractionation trends for PAHA, a terrestrial peat HS, differed for the two minerals. The contrasting fractionation patterns for SRFA versus PAHA can be explained reasonably well by the different structural trends that occur in their respective MW fractions and the underlying adsorption processes. Rate studies of adsorptive fractionation revealed an initial rapid uptake of smaller HS molecules by the mineral surfaces, followed by their replacement at the surface by a much slower uptake of the larger HS molecules present in aqueous solution.
A Two-Phase Gauss-Seidel Algorithm for the Stationary Solution of EVMDD-Encoded CTMCs

We present a new symbolic approach for thesteady-state solution of ergodic continuous-time Markov chains(CTMCs) using iterative methods, based on Edge-Valued Multi-way Decision Diagrams (EVMDDs) to store an indexing function for the structured states and the transition rate matrix. The approach is applicable to any structured CTMC, is memory efficient, and supports both Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel iterations. In particular, our main contribution is a new two-phase algorithm to perform Gauss-Seidel iterations with a reduced decision diagram traversal overhead (a cost also encountered by Kronecker-based approaches). Then, we show how even better speedup can be achieved through a caching scheme. The complexity of our algorithm is linear in the number of nonzero entries in the transition rate matrix, and, even more importantly, it is independent of the number L of submodels in which the CTMC is decomposed under most common conditions. This is an improvement over previous structured methods, which are plagued by this L factor in practice. The advantages of our algorithm are supported by experimental results and a comparison with the tool PRISM.
Common Information Based Markov Perfect Equilibria for Stochastic Games With Asymmetric Information: Finite Games

A model of stochastic games where multiple controllers jointly control the evolution of the state of a dynamic system but have access to different information about the state and action processes is considered. The asymmetry of information among the controllers makes it difficult to compute or characterize Nash equilibria. Using the common information among the controllers, the game with asymmetric information is used to construct another game with symmetric information such that the equilibria of the new game can be transformed to equilibria of the original game. Further, under certain conditions, a Markov state is identified for the new symmetric information game and its Markov perfect equilibria are characterized. This characterization provides a backward induction algorithm to find Nash equilibria of the original game with asymmetric information in pure or behavioral strategies. Each step of this algorithm involves finding Bayesian Nash equilibria of a one-stage Bayesian game. The class of Nash equilibria of the original game that can be characterized in this backward manner are named common information based Markov perfect equilibria.
Schistosomal stimulation of eosinophil production by human bone marrow in vitro

These studies were undertaken to determine if schistosomal and ragweed antigens incubated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) would stimulate the production of an eosinophil colony stimulating factor (CSF) which was active on human bone marrow. These studies have shown that schistosoma mansoni antigen in a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml incubated with MNC's from unsensitized individuals lead to production of a conditioned medium which did not stimulate an increased number of total colonies but did increase the number of eosinophil colonies (44 to 61 colonies). Ragweed antigen also stimulated increased eosinophil CSF (from 44 to 63 colonies). The granulocyte response to parasitic antigens almost invariably involves the eosinophil system. Eosinophils play a vital role in the control of these diseases in humans. Further understanding of the interaction of parasitic antigens with the granulopoietic system will hopefully give new and important clues as to how such parasites interact with man and how they are controlled.
Identification of rare X-linked neuroligin variants by massively parallel sequencing in males with autism spectrum disorder

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, but the genetic risk factors for it remain largely unknown. Although structural variants with large effect sizes may explain up to 15% ASD, genome-wide association studies have failed to uncover common single nucleotide variants with large effects on phenotype. The focus within ASD genetics is now shifting to the examination of rare sequence variants of modest effect, which is most often achieved via exome selection and sequencing. This strategy has indeed identified some rare candidate variants; however, the approach does not capture the full spectrum of genetic variation that might contribute to the phenotype.
Legal Status and Wage Disparities for Mexican Immigrants

This article employs a unique method of inferring the legal status of Mexican immigrants in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to offer new evidence of the role of legal authorization in the United States on workers' wages. We estimate wage trajectories for four groups: documented Mexican immigrants, undocumented Mexican immigrants, U.S-born Mexican Americans and native non-Latino whites. Our estimates reveal a gross 17 percent wage disparity between documented and undocumented Mexican immigrant men, and a 9 percent documented-undocumented wage disparity for Mexican immigrant women. When worker human capital and occupation are held constant, these wage gaps reduce to 8 and 4 percent, respectively. We also find large differences in returns to human capital with undocumented Mexican immigrants having the lowest wage returns to human capital and having very slow wage growth over time.
Geochronology, structure, and basin-range tectonism of the Warner Range, northeastern California

The Warner Range of northeastern California is a north-trending horst at the northwest margin of the Great Basin. The 3,000-m-thick bedrock section exposed in the southern part of the range is Tertiary in age, and it dips homoclinally 20° to 25° west-southwest. Much of the section consists of volcanic rocks whose K-Ar ages range from about 32 m.y. near the base of the section to about 14 m.y. at the top. Rocks older than about 26 m.y. are principally andesitic lahars, those between 26 and 17 m.y. are andesitic lava flows and rhyolitic, welded, ash-flow tuffs, and those younger than about 17 m.y. are principally basaltic and andesitic lava flows. The homoclinal character of the Warner section indicates that block faulting responsible for uplift and tilting of the range began after emplacement of the youngest exposed rocks. Drilling in the deeply alluviated graben adjacent to the eastern face of the range indicates that aggregate vertical offset across the range-front fault is at least 3,600 m—the difference in elevation between alluvium in the bottom of the deepest bore hole and the crest of the nearby part of the range. Thus, vertical displacement has occurred at a minimum average rate of 26 cm/1,000 yr during the past 14 m.y. Offset of alluvium along the eastern base of the range records the continuation of block faulting into Holocene time. The onset of block faulting, somewhat less than 14 m.y. ago, and the change in character of volcanic rocks from principally andesitic to principally basaltic in mid-Miocene time are similar to volcano-tectonic events of a much broader region proposed by previous workers. The Warner Range is remarkable for the nearly complete record of regional late Cenozoic, volcanic and tectonic events found within a single horst.
Using topic map to create an e-learning environment: the topic of OSI model map

Topic maps can be used to create ontology-based e-learning repositories that manage learning resources. The objective of this paper is to create a repository that enables e-learners to access and retrieve information on the definition of the layers of the OSI (Open System Interconnection) network model. The process of creating a topic map on the OSI can then be also applied to any other topic of interest which results in the gathering of all available semantic metadata on the topic and subtopics to ultimately facilitate searching and retrieving information on them. One of the key strategies for effective e-learning explorative learning is to promote student-centered learning environments, providing access to alternative resources through knowledge management processes. Topic map is such a tool providing management of learning resources.
A dose of exercise to kick-start your gastric bypass

Surgical weight loss procedures have been performed for more than 50 years, but the growing obesity epidemic and introduction of laparoscopic technology have spurred a substantial increase in the number of gastric bypass procedures. Now, Coen and colleagues show that exercise performed in the months following surgery enhances the metabolic improvements observed after gastric bypass alone. The physical transformation that results from the malabsorptive or restrictive bowel anatomy created by gastric bypass surgery is striking, but equally impressive is the rapid resolution of type 2 diabetes and improved sensitivity to the hormone insulin. Improved glycemic control occurs rapidly after surgery, consequent to acute caloric restriction. In contrast, the improvements in insulin sensitivity occur much more slowly and are associated with weight loss over the course of months or years. In the interest of maximizing the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery, there has been growing interest in the use of exercise as an adjunctive therapy. In a study of 128 patients, Coen and colleagues found that that when exercise was performed in the months after surgery, insulin sensitivity was restored to a greater extent than with gastric bypass alone. Because this additional improvement with exercise did not result from increased weight loss, the investigators explored the possibility that the therapeutic benefit resulted from favorable adaptations to mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Muscle biopsies were collected from 101 patients who were randomly assigned to either a 6-month moderate exercise program or a health education program (control) after surgery. The enhanced improvements in insulin sensitivity with exercise were associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and decreased levels of lipid metabolites that are known to interfere with insulin signaling in muscle (for example, sphingolipids and ceramides). These findings demonstrate that exercise can enhance metabolic improvements after bariatric surgery, consistent with the concept that exercise is medicine. P. M. Coen et al ., Exercise and weight loss improve muscle mitochondrial respiration, lipid partitioning and insulin sensitivity following gastric bypass surgery. Diabetes 10.2337/db15-0809 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/18/db15-0809.abstract
Potyviridae: genus Rymovirus.

The genus Rymovirus of the family Potyviridae is comprised of seven rod-shaped viruses with the shared characteristic of being transmitted by mites. Aside from this distinguishing feature, rymoviruses are similar to aphid-transmitted potyviruses in that they share a similar particle morphology, some similar antigenic determinants, similar physico-chemical properties, the ability to induce the formation of cytoplasmic cylindrical inclusions, and the ability to infect only graminaceous hosts. In vitro translation studies with wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) suggest that this rymovirus uses a potyviral proteolytic processing strategy to express the 3′ terminal capsid protein. At the molecular level, limited nucleotide sequence data for WSMV show similarities with aphid-transmitted potyviruses in the potyviral capsid protein, large nuclear inclusion and cylindrical inclusion regions. Thus, given the similarities between the rymoviruses and the potyviruses, it is appropriate to include this genus within the family Potyviridae.
Disintegrin-targeted elastin-like polypeptide (ELPs) as a therapeutic and PET diagnostic imaging agent

1733 Objectives Multiple nanocarriers are under investigation as multifunctional agents for packaging, transport and delivery of imaging & therapeutic agents. The polymeric nanocarriers described here are intended to visualize and measure functional characteristics of physiological microenvironments. In this study several elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-based PET imaging agents were designed and evaluated for their potential use as diagnostic imaging and therapeutic agents for breast cancer. To improve tumor accumulation and bioavailability a neovasculature-targeting protein called vicrostatin (VCN) was appended to ELPs. Methods A series of control ELPs and ELP-VCN fusion proteins was expressed. Biodistribution and microPET imaging studies with ELP alone, VCN and ELP-VCN was performed in mice with MDA-MB-231 tumors at 2, 4, 18 and 48h hours post administration. Image comparison between DOTA labeled and a novel sarcophagine-based chelating agent was also performed. Results Passive accumulation in tumors via the EPR effect (ELP alone) or through specific association of VCN and ELP-VCN with integrins upregulated on the tumor was observed. This association was blocked by prior injection with cold ELP-VCN. The combination of ELP and disintegrin (VCN) seem to prolong intratumoral contrast, resulting in a higher accumulation of the peptide in the tumor when compared to controls. Improved copper-chelation stability with a sarcophagine-based chelator compared to DOTA lead to an improvement in the PET images obtained. Conclusions Increased tumor accumulation with the disintegrin-targeted ELP was observed when compared to ELP or VCN by itself. Further enhancement of PET signal to noise ratio was achieved using a sarcophagine-based chelator
Use of Regressions and Test Procedures

T HE PROBLEM of determining from samples whether two or more populations are significantly different, in some characteristic, is a relatively common one in research in agricultural economics and other social sciences. Usually when two groups of data are of interest they are reduced to, means and "students t" test is used to determine, at some chosen level of probability, whether the groups are significantly different for the characteristic being studied. When more than two groups are concerned analysis of variance and the "F" test provides a similar method of testing whether observed differences, in means, are significant or could have arisen from chance error.
Exploring Gender Through Ash in the Secondary English Classroom

Greathouse offers secondary English teachers a thematic unit that employs literature as a pedagogical tool for teaching and discussing gender and identity in a 10th grade high school classroom. Focusing on the tale of Cinderella across time periods and cultures, the chapter draws on texts as both revision and evolution by exploring and dialoging with youth about trans* and gender creative identities and gender expressions. Through the exploration of beliefs and values about gender expectations, gender norms, and those that express gender outside the cisnormative, Greathouse shows how students can gain insight into their own and others’ beings.
Diet-induced extinctions in the gut microbiota compound over generations

The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms that have fundamental roles in many aspects of human biology, including immune function and metabolism. The reduced diversity of the gut microbiota in Western populations compared to that in populations living traditional lifestyles presents the question of which factors have driven microbiota change during modernization. Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) found in dietary fibre have a crucial involvement in shaping this microbial ecosystem, and are notably reduced in the Western diet (high in fat and simple carbohydrates, low in fibre) compared with a more traditional diet. Here we show that changes in the microbiota of mice consuming a low-MAC diet and harbouring a human microbiota are largely reversible within a single generation. However, over several generations, a low-MAC diet results in a progressive loss of diversity, which is not recoverable after the reintroduction of dietary MACs. To restore the microbiota to its original state requires the administration of missing taxa in combination with dietary MAC consumption. Our data illustrate that taxa driven to low abundance when dietary MACs are scarce are inefficiently transferred to the next generation, and are at increased risk of becoming extinct within an isolated population. As more diseases are linked to the Western microbiota and the microbiota is targeted therapeutically, microbiota reprogramming may need to involve strategies that incorporate dietary MACs as well as taxa not currently present in the Western gut.
Characterization of Metacarpal Fractures in a Military Population.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and type of metacarpal (MC) fractures in a military population, and whether these fractures are related to age, military occupational specialty, aggression, or accidental injury. A retrospective record-based review was conducted at a single military center over a 5-year period. Service members with index finger through small finger MC fracture were identified. Data were collected utilizing Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application and electronic profile (e-profile) databases. Data collected included demographic information, mechanism of injury, nature of injury, total number of visits, and estimated time on physical restriction. 400 patients met inclusion criteria. Males accounted for 94% of the study population, 75% of fractures were of the small finger MC, 54% of patients were between 20 and 24 years, 90% were sustained by junior enlisted personnel, and most occurred by punching. Men aged <25 years were more likely to have ...
TeamSkill evolved: mixed classification schemes for team-based multi-player games

In this paper, we introduce several approaches for maintaining weights over the aggregate skill ratings of subgroups of teams during the skill assessment process and extend our earlier work in this area to include game-specific performance measures as features alongside aggregate skill ratings as part of the online prediction task. We find that the inclusion of these game-specific measures do not improve prediction accuracy in the general case, but do when competing teams are considered evenly matched. As such, we develop a "mixed" classification method called TeamSkill-EVMixed which selects a classifier based on a threshold determined by the prior probability of one team defeating another. This mixed classification method outperforms all previous approaches in most evaluation settings and particularly so in tournament environments. We also find that TeamSkill-EVMixed's ability to perform well in close games is especially useful early on in the rating process where little game history is available.
Importance of postprocedural Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) restaging in predicting limb salvage.

Abstract Objective The Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification system was created to encompass demographic changes and expanding techniques of revascularization to perform meaningful analyses of outcomes in the treatment of the threatened limb. The WIfI index is intended to be analogous to the TNM staging system for cancer, with restaging to be done after control of infection and after revascularization. Our goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of WIfI restaging after therapy in the prediction of limb outcomes. Methods Preoperative WIfI scoring was performed prospectively for all critical limb ischemia patients who underwent revascularization from January 2014 to June 2015. WIfI restaging and assessment of outcomes were performed retrospectively through August 2016. WIfI classification was determined at the following intervals: preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 1 month and 6 months after intervention. Amputation-free survival (AFS) was the primary end point. Kaplan-Meier plot analysis and comparisons of preoperative grades with respective postoperative grades were performed using paired t -test, χ 2 test, and correlation analyses. Results A total of 180 limbs and 172 critical limb ischemia patients underwent revascularization, of which 29 limbs had major amputations (16%). Wound grades generally improved after surgery across the entire cohort. Major amputation was associated with preoperative wound grade and remained associated with wound grade at postoperative restaging at 1 month and beyond on the basis of amputation frequency analysis (preoperatively, 1 month, and 6 months, P = .03, P P = .03). Foot infection grades also improved at each time interval. Foot infection grade was associated with AFS at 1 month postoperatively (log-rank, P P = .017). Conclusions WIfI restaging is an important tool for predicting limb loss and assessing adequacy of intervention, more so than baseline WIfI alone. The 1- and 6-month postoperative ischemia grade correlated with AFS, whereas preoperative grade did not. The 1- and 6-month postoperative wound and foot infection grades additionally correlated with AFS. WIfI restaging at 1 month and 6 months postoperatively may help identify a cohort that remains at higher risk for limb loss and may merit more expeditious reintervention.
Vulnerability of Structures to Weapons Effect

The geotechnical and structures laboratory have a number of funded research efforts to support Department of Defense (DoD) requirements for understanding the response of structures to explosives/weapons. These efforts are all heavily dependent on high performance computing (HPC) simulations to meet research needs. The research efforts to be supported include: force protection, military operations in urban terrain, and homeland defense. HPC simulations are used to enhance ongoing experimental programs. The simulations are used to assist in designing experiments, to aid in understanding the experiments, to extend the knowledge beyond the limitations of the experiments, and to develop numerical databases. High-priority HPC hours available through the high performance computing modernization program (HPCMP) challenge project were used to perform these simulations. Simulation results are compared with experimental results when available.
Modern Control Theory Applied to Crushing Part 1: Development of a Dynamic Model for a Cone Crusher and Optimal Estimation of Crusher Operating Variables

Abstract A dynamic model of a cone crusher is proposed for use in automatic control of crushing circuits. The model determines the crusher size distributions for feedrate, feedsize, set and hardness disturbances. Optimal estimation of measured and unmeasured crusher operating variables is made using a Kalman filter.
Visualizing minority: Images of ethnic minority groups in Chinese elementary social studies textbooks

Abstract This study investigates the visual representation of ethnic minority groups in Chinese elementary social studies textbooks. The author conducts a content analysis to examine the extent to which ethnic minority groups are visually represented and to explore the ways in which they are portrayed in some of the most popular social studies textbooks in China. A total of 6075 visuals drawn from 36 books were electronically coded and analyzed using SPSS. The findings reveal the dearth of ethnic minority-related visuals and show that ethnic minority individuals are visually represented in significantly different ways in many important aspects than non-minority people in these textbooks. The author concludes that the visual representations of ethnic minority groups in these textbooks contributes to a binary understanding of minority and majority by limiting the images of ethnic minority groups to selected cultural markers.
Minimax theorems for subconvexlike functions with applications to saddle point problems

Abstract In this paper some minimax theorems are presented for subconvexlike functions. These are then applied to obtain saddle point theorems.
Whacky Things That Happen After the Report Is Done and How to Deal with Them

After the IME is completed and the written report is sent, the physician should prepare for unusual things that might occur. Given that the examinee is frequently a claimant in a medicolegal context, any opinion that is given by the IME physician that is unsupportive of their claim will likely be met with some degree of resistance. In some cases, this resistance can rise to the level of accusations against the physician that are unfounded. The examinee’s attorney may also attempt to cast aspersions. The IME physician should be prepared for these problems and should have strategies in place to address them.
Acoustical experimental design for ultrasonic neurostimulation on rodents

While the mechanisms of ultrasonic neurostimulation are still unknown, this method has been successfully shown on rodents from a variety of research groups. While the results are compelling, there has been limited work in characterizing the acoustic fields that are generated and ultimately delivered to the rodent brain which is important in order to determine the underlying neurostimulation mechanism. This presentation details some of the acoustical experimental design processes that are being undertaken at JHU/APL as well as our current progress in the rodent ultrasonic neurostimulation. The experimental design utilizes a complementary process of both simulation and experimentation verification to determine the expected delivered acoustic wave field. The simulation encompasses the full propagation path from the single element focused transducer, through an acoustic waveguide and skull, to the treatment location. This work uses a focused transducer with a center frequency of 0.5 MHz with several different waveguides that are characterized in our calibration tank with regards to intensity over space. Each of these waveguides is modeled and compared relative to the focal spot size and intensity delivered to the focal spot. These measurements are used to select an optimal waveguide which is used in the model to determine the expected performance of the full system. The presented results compare the performance of the waveguides and their impact on ultrasonic delivery to the rodent brain.While the mechanisms of ultrasonic neurostimulation are still unknown, this method has been successfully shown on rodents from a variety of research groups. While the results are compelling, there has been limited work in characterizing the acoustic fields that are generated and ultimately delivered to the rodent brain which is important in order to determine the underlying neurostimulation mechanism. This presentation details some of the acoustical experimental design processes that are being undertaken at JHU/APL as well as our current progress in the rodent ultrasonic neurostimulation. The experimental design utilizes a complementary process of both simulation and experimentation verification to determine the expected delivered acoustic wave field. The simulation encompasses the full propagation path from the single element focused transducer, through an acoustic waveguide and skull, to the treatment location. This work uses a focused transducer with a center frequency of 0.5 MHz with several different...
Direct arylation polymerization: A guide to optimal conditions for effective conjugated polymers

Abstract The rapid increase in the breadth and scope of transformations that involve metal-promoted activation of C H bonds is fundamentally changing the field of synthetic chemistry. Direct arylation polymerization is a newly established synthetic protocol for atom economical, effective, and affordable preparation of conjugated polymers, which continue to be incredibly advantageous as operative materials for a diverse and continually evolving array of applications. This route toward conjugated polymers for high performance materials is particularly appealing because it circumvents the preparation of organometallic derivatives and the associated cryogenic air- and water-free reactions. Although a broad range of monomers are now readily polymerizable, direct arylation polymerization is known to produce defects in the chemical structure, which have a strong impact on the optical, electronic, and thermal properties of conjugated polymers. Fundamental understanding of the underlying considerations when employing different reaction protocols is required to truly enable a broad reaching platform.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH CENTER PERFORMANCE: TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN GUIDELINES

In the United States, primary care has emerged as an increasingly effective alternative to costly inpatient emergency care and hospitalization. Thousands of outpatient community-based clinics have been built in the past decade, in rural, suburban and urban contexts. The majority focus on the provision of preventative and public health care for medically underserved and/or uninsured patient populations. As this facility type has flourished, there remains a paucity of empirical research on the architectural performance of these ambulatory care environments. In response, an empirical investigation was developed. A post-occupancy evaluation was conducted on five community health centers in Cincinnati, Ohio, all of which were located in urban settings. Among the findings, a set of planning and design provisions were articulated on issues centered on site planning, wayfinding, amenities, and the internal deployment of diagnostic and treatment functions, with the principal focus on the design of highly patent-centered care environments. The findings are discussed in relation to this healthcare building type and are likely of significant interest to primary care providers, architects, and allied design professionals, both in the US and internationally. An innovative feature and outcome of this project was the comparison of square footages of the 5 community health centers, divided by the number of annual patient encounters, number of staff, as well as energy consumption. This resulted in the establishment of objective efficiency ratings, thus permitting the development of corrective measures and interventions.
Ørsted's Presentation Of Others'—And His Own—Work

Orsted is best known for his discovery of electromagnetism in 1820, clearly his most important and arguably h is only significant contribution to ‘science’ understood as a body of knowledge pertaining to a canonical set of fundamental phenomena. Yet if by ‘science’ one understands the flesh-and-blood, words-on-paper world of ongoing human activity that produces such knowledge, then Orsted’s contemporary significance looms much larger. It turns out that a striking amount of the work of other scientists became known principally through his agency, sometimes becoming so transformed in the process that what the larger world of science took, and continues to take, as others’ work in fact bears the strong stamp of Orsted’s transmission. His fluency in German and French, his extensive European travels, and his wide circle of acquaintances all facilitated his personal influence. This paper examines in detail Orsted’s role in presenting—and significantly transforming—Winterl’s dualistic chemistry, in bringing before a Parisian audience Ritter’s experiments on the chemical action of light and his construction of a storage column for galvanic electricity, and in recasting Seebeck’s discovery of the “magnetic polarization of metals by temperature difference” in terms of his conception of thermoelectricity. It further examines some of the changes Orsted made in the presentation of his own work to different audiences—changes that throw in particular relief Orsted’s complex relationship to German Naturphilosophie—as it identifies some of the peculiar aspects of his presentation of his electrodynamical work of 1820. The result is an enhanced appreciation of Orsted’s important place in the science of his day, a deeper understanding of Orsted’s own scientific work, and an illustration of the complex interrelationship between individuals and the scientific community in the creation of generally accepted scientific knowledge.
Effects of hyperbilirubinaemia on glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in cerebellar cortex of the Gunn rat

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of isoenzymes involved in the detoxication of a variety of electrophilic xenobiotics. The present investigation demonstrates that GST activity and the concentration of cytosolic GSTs in cerebellar cortex of Gunn rats were increased in hyperbilirubinaemic animals compared with non-jaundiced controls. Age-dependent and region-specific increases in GST isoenzymes were seen in three regions of the cerebellar cortex of jaundiced Gunn rats, whereas GST concentrations were not altered in the brainstem, thalamus/hypothalamus, cortex or liver. Cytosolic GST activity was increased 1.3-fold in the flocculus and lateral hemispheres of 20-day-old and 1.7-fold in the flocculus, lateral hemispheres and vermis of 60-day-old jaundiced (jj; homozygous) Gunn rats compared with non-jaundiced (Jj; heterozygous) Gunn rats. H.p.l.c. was used to determine the GST subunit protein concentrations in cytosolic fractions isolated from liver and brain regions of jaundiced and non-jaundiced animals. In all regions of the cerebellum from 20-day-old animals, the levels of Alpha-class GST subunits 2 (Yc1; 3.0-fold) and 8 (Yk; 2.0-fold) were increased in jaundiced rats. In 60-day-old animals, the concentrations of Alpha-class GST subunits 2 (Yc1; 5.0-fold) and 8 (Yk; 3.0-fold), Mu-class subunit 11 (Yo; 2.5-fold) and Pi-class subunit 7 (Yp; 2.0-fold) were increased in all regions of cerebellar cortex of jaundiced animals. In cerebellum of 10-, 20- and 60-day-old non-jaundiced and jaundiced Gunn rats, the flocculus had the highest concentration of Mu-class GST subunit 4 (Yb2) and vermis the lowest; hyperbilirubinaemia increased the concentration of subunit 4 (Yb2; 3- to 5-fold) in the flocculus and lateral hemispheres, but not the vermis, of 20- and 60-day-old rats. Intraperitoneal injection of sulphadimethoxine, a long-acting sulphonamide which displaces bilirubin from its albumin-binding sites and increases the bilirubin levels in tissues, further increased the already elevated concentrations of GST subunits in the lateral regions of cerebellar cortex of hyperbilirubinaemic rats. For example, the concentration of subunit 4 (Yb2) was increased 2.2-fold (compared with non-jaundiced controls) in Gunn rats injected with saline and 7.4-fold in rats injected with 100 mg of sulphadimethoxine/kg body weight. In contrast, GSTs in the vermis of jaundiced animals were not affected by sulphadimethoxine injection. Sulphadimethoxine had no effect on GST concentrations in lateral regions and vermis of heterozygous (Jj) Gunn rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Informant Variability in the Assessment of Childhood Depression

In the assessment of childhood dysfunction, multiple methods of assessment are routinely used. Method of assessment can refer to a variety of characteristics of the measure, including the source of information (e. g., parent, teacher, child), modalities of assessment (e. g., global ratings, projective techniques, “objective” personality tests), assessment format within a given modality (e. g., true/false, multiple choice, forced choice), and the extent to which the subject is aware of the assessment procedures and purposes (e. g., obtrusive vs. unobtrusive assessment), to mention a few. To assess childhood dysfunction, typically information is sought from several sources or informants. Parents, teachers, children, peers, clinicians, and others may be asked to provide information in a standardized way (e. g., psychological tests) regarding child functioning (see Mash & Terdal, 1988; Rutter, Tuma, & Lann, 1988). Understandably, not all informants will provide the same information, which is a primary reason for seeking input from diverse sources. The extent to which alternative sources of information vary in their views of the child is referred to here as informant variability.
An Ethic of Care: A Relational Ethic for the Relational Characteristics of Organizations

In this chapter, I review the evolution of an ethic of care over the last 30 years as a comprehensive ethical framework. It is a relational ethic that recognizes we are all embedded in webs of overlapping and dynamic concrete relationships throughout our personal and public lives, and expects concrete actions to enhance the well-being of those in the relationship. I then review the mainstream business and management journals, texts, and handbooks where it is rare, except in business ethics journals, to find any coverage of an ethic of care. However, the fundamental relationality of an ethic of care offers a highly congruent ethical basis for connecting with the significantly relational characteristic of organizations and societies in such areas as relational leadership, group dynamics, stakeholder theory, and social policy. I then conclude by exploring four issues that, in my mind, have been, to one degree or another, effectively addressed within an ethic of care as a comprehensive ethical framework for the business and organizational context. They are: (1) the issue of autonomy within relationality; (2) the relationship between rationality and whole person, practical reasoning; (3) the scope of an ethic of care across the falsely dichotomized private and public domains; and (4) the issue of care, markets, and bureaucracy.