cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pyriform Aperture Augmentation as An Adjunct to Rhinoplasty

Skeletal deficiency in the central midface impacts nasal aesthetics. This lack of lower face projection can be corrected by alloplastic augmentation of the pyriform aperture. Creating convexity in the deficient midface will make the nose seem less prominent. Augmentation of the pyriform aperture is, therefore, often a useful adjunct during the rhinoplasty procedure. Augmenting the skeleton in this area can alter the projection of the nasal base, the nasolabial angle, and the vertical plane of the lip. The implant design and surgical techniques described here are extensions of others' previous efforts to improve paranasal aesthetics.
Introduction to 'Monistic Ideals, Plural Values, and the Limits of Philosophy' (by David Sidorsky), 'Madness of Choice' (by Mark C. Taylor), and 'The Moral Significance of Economic Life' (by Andrzej Rapaczynski)

This paper is an introduction to three papers contained in a special issue of Capitalism and Society: 1) Monistic Ideals, Plural Values, and the Limits of Philosophy by David Sidorsky which can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2364517, 2) The Moral Significance of Economic Life by Andrzej Rapaczynski which can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2364655, and 3) Madness of Choice by Mark C. Taylor which can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2364653.
Initial Risk-Mitigating Strategies for Weathering Environmental and Climate-Change Impacts on U.S. Companies

Framing climate change as an economic risk has, in the last several years, galvanized investor and regulatory attention, as well as a small cadre of influential business and financial leaders. Initial, risk mitigating strategies for U.S. companies concerned with the potentially-harsh environmental and climate-change impacts include: identifying company vulnerabilities to extensive and expansive environmental changes, implementing requisite changes in operations and infrastructure investments to weather these impacts, substituting renewable energy sources like wind and solar, and buying insurance and other long-term, risk-management financial contracts to guard against potentially catastrophic losses.
Insulin sensitizers prevent fine particulate matter-induced vascular insulin resistance and changes in endothelial progenitor cell homeostasis

Exposure to fine particular matter (PM2.5) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. Because blood vessels are sensitive targets of air pollutant exposure, we examined the effects of concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) on vascular insulin sensitivity and circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which reflect cardiovascular health. We found that CAP exposure for 9 days decreased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in the aorta of mice maintained on control diet. This change was accompanied by the induction of IL-1β and increases in the abundance of cleaved IL-18 and p10 subunit of Casp-1, consistent with the activation of the inflammasome pathway. CAP exposure also suppressed circulating levels of EPCs (Flk-1(+)/Sca-1(+) cells), while enhancing the bone marrow abundance of these cells. Although similar changes in vascular insulin signaling and EPC levels were observed in mice fed high-fat diet, CAP exposure did not exacerbate diet-induced changes in vascular insulin resistance or EPC homeostasis. Treatment with an insulin sensitizer, metformin or rosiglitazone, prevented CAP-induced vascular insulin resistance and NF-κB and inflammasome activation and restored peripheral blood and bone marrow EPC levels. These findings suggest that PM2.5 exposure induces diet-independent vascular insulin resistance and inflammation and prevents EPC mobilization, and that this EPC mobilization defect could be mediated by vascular insulin resistance. Impaired vascular insulin sensitivity may be an important mechanism underlying PM2.5-induced vascular injury, and pharmacological sensitization to insulin action could potentially prevent deficits in vascular repair and mitigate vascular inflammation due to exposure to elevated levels of ambient air pollution.
Searching for remotely homologous sequences in protein databases with hybrid PSI-blast.

Sequence alignment is one of the fundamental techniques used in molecular biology. It has been widely used in many biological applications, such as protein classification, gene finding, homology modeling, structure and function prediction, phylogenetic analysis and database annotation. In high sensitivity sequence homology database searches, progressive sequence model refinement by means of iterative searches is an effective method and is currently employed in many popular tools such as PSI-BLAST and SAM. Recently, a novel alignment algorithm has been proposed that offers features expected to improve the sensitivity of such iterative approaches, specifically a well-characterized theory of its statistics even in the presence of position-specific gap costs. We have demonstrated that the new hybrid alignment algorithm is ready to be used as the alignment core of PSI-BLAST. We also evaluated the accuracy of two proposed approaches to edge effect correction in short sequence alignment statistics that turns out to be one of the crucial issues in developing a hybrid-alignment based version of PSI-BLAST. In addition, we have exploited other benefits of the hybrid alignment. We show that incorporating information about the suboptimal alignments, otherwise ignored in PSI-BLAST, already improves the sensitivity of PSI-BLAST. In one experiment, we have found a set of sequences on which our tool disagrees with the classification given by SCOP. Careful examination points to a possible misclassification in SCOP. Cross-referencing with two other methods of
Mathem atical Methodology in Em ergency Managem ent of Electric Power System

This paper analyzed emergency characteristic of electric power system,discussed limitation of present mathematic method,proposed viewpoint of integrated certainty,random, fuzzy and chaos mathematics in emergency management of electric power system.And mixed 5 dimensional spaces:time, place,type,frequency,loss extent of power system emergency were suggested by using these mathematical methodology,i.e. from certainty,random,fuzzy and chaos mathematics to investigate uncertainties of above mentioned 5 aspects.
Common problems and status on drug registration application dossier(3):pharmaceutical study of Traditional Chinese Medicines

The dossier completeness and data traceableness of drug registration application are important preconditions for conducting technical review.Through check and analysis on 1450 applications for dosage form change and generic of Traditional Chinese Medicines and chemical drugs,common problems and status on these applications are discussed in aspects of administrative information,CMC,pharmacology and toxicology,and bioequivalence sections.We expect drug registration applicants will attach great importance at application dossier preparing.This paper focuses on pharmaceutical study of Traditional Chinese Medicines.
Prevalence, Duration, Severity, and Distress of Chemotherapy-Related Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With a Hematologic Malignancy

Purpose/objectives To describe prevalence, duration, severity, and distress of chemotherapy-related gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and evaluate inclusion of clinically relevant GI symptom items on cancer symptom questionnaires. . Design Longitudinal descriptive design. . Setting Inpatient and outpatient hematology settings. . Sample 105 adults with a hematologic malignancy receiving their third or subsequent cycle of chemotherapy. . Methods Participants completed weekly assessments of 19 GI symptoms during a three-week period of chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize GI symptom prevalence, duration, severity, and distress ratings at each week. Findings were compared to item content of 12 cancer multisymptom questionnaires identified in the literature. . Main research variables GI symptom prevalence, duration, severity, and distress. . Findings Participants reported an average of three to five GI symptoms at each time point that were typically experienced as mild to moderate in duration, severity, and distress. Only 3 of 11 clinically relevant GI symptoms were included on more than half of the cancer symptom questionnaires. . Conclusions Patients receiving chemotherapy experience a moderate GI symptom burden across a wide range of potential GI symptoms. . Implications for nursing Future research should include measures of clinically relevant GI symptoms that may be emerging with new cancer therapies and toxicity prevention protocols.
Biological and Chemical Weapons

The five anthrax letters put in the US mail in 2001 greatly raised concerns about BW and CW. In general, chemical weapons are considered about as lethal per unit mass as conventional explosives and much less lethal than either nuclear or biological weapons (dirty bombs are much less lethal, Chap. 13). Biological weapons can be as lethal as nuclear weapons if dispersed effectively, but that is not easy to do. For BW to be effective, the bio-materials must be chemically robust, remaining stable, not decaying in sunlight, moisture and rain. This can be accomplished with spores and aerosols. BW material must be dispersed widely, not clumping in few locations. BW can be delivered by cluster bomblets from small missiles. BW can be delivered by helicopter or low-flying crop-duster, or BW can be released in many locations in many small spray cans.
SU-F-R-26: Prognostic Radiomics of Breast Cancer On DCE and DWI MR Images.

Purpose: For this study, we investigated quantitative radiomics of breast tumors on diffusion weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRIs in the task of assessing the prognostic status of breast cancers. Methods: Our IRB-approved, retrospectively-collected dataset included 316 breast cancers with 235 ER+ and 81 ER- cases. All images were acquired during clinical breast MRI incorporating dynamic-contrast MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI. Phenotypic categories extracted quantitatively from DCE-MRI included tumor size, shape, margin sharpness, enhancement texture, kinetics, and variance kinetics, and from DWI-DCE ADC features (average, range, variation) for DWI. Phenotypes, as well as merged tumor signatures from round robin evaluation, were assessed for the prognostic tasks using area under the ROC curve (AUC) as the index of performance. Results: In the task of distinguishing between ER+ and ER- cancers, computer-extracted phenotypes from DCE and DWI yielded comparable performance levels, however, we found that the phenotypes, as well as the modality-specific tumor signatures, showed only slight correlation (r=−0.44), thus indicating the promise of multi-modality signatures. In the tasks of ER+ vs. ER-. PR+ vs. PR-, lymph node positive vs negative, we obtained AUC values of 0.66 (0.03), 0.64 (0.03), and 0.64 (0.03) for DCE-MRI, and AUC values of 0.64 (0.03), 0.61 (0.03), and 0.61 (0.03) for DWI-MRI, respectively. The combination of the modalities yielded AUC values of 0.67 (0.03), 0.64 (0.03), and 0.62 (0.03), respectively. Conclusion The correlation and performance results obtained from merging radiomic features from DCE-MRI and DWI-MRI indicate that the additional benefit of multimodality breast MRI in assessing prognosis is promising. Funded by an NIH (PREP) (R25) Grant and the University of Chicago Dean Bridge Fund. COI: M.L. Giger is a stockholder in R2 technology/Hologic and receives royalties from Hologic, GE Medical Systems, MEDIAN Technologies, Riverrain Medical, Mitsubushi, and Toshiba. MLG is a co-founder and stockholder in Quantitative Insights.
Research Review: Multi-informant integration in child and adolescent psychopathology diagnosis

Background An empirically based, clinically usable approach to cross-informant integration in clinical assessment is needed. Although the importance of this ongoing issue is becoming increasingly recognized, little in the way of solid recommendations is currently provided to researchers and clinicians seeking to incorporate multiple informant reports in diagnosis of child psychopathology. The issue is timely because recent developments have created new opportunities for improved handling of this problem. For example, advanced theories of psychopathology and normal and abnormal child development provide theoretical guidance for how integration of multiple informants should be handled for specific disorders and at particular ages. In addition, more sophisticated data analytic approaches are now available, including advanced latent variable models, which allow for complex measurement approaches with consideration of measurement invariance. Findings The increasing availability and mobility of computing devices suggests that it will be increasingly feasible for clinicians to implement more advanced methods rather than being confined to the easily memorized algorithms of the DSM system. Conclusions Development of models of cross-informant integration for individual disorders based on theory and tests of the incremental validity of more sophisticated cross-informant integration approaches in comparison to external validation criteria (e.g. longitudinal trajectories and outcomes, treatment response, and behavior genetic etiology) should be a focus of future work.
Feeding Behavior and Change in Diet

In the social production which men carry on, they enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will…The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual processes of life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence determines their consciousness.
Ability of preoperative falls to predict postsurgical outcomes in non-selected patients undergoing elective surgery at an academic medical centre: protocol for a prospective cohort study

Introduction Falls are increasingly recognised for their ability to herald impending health decline. Despite the likely susceptibility of postsurgical patients to falls, a detailed description of postoperative falls in an unselected surgical population has never been performed. One study suggests that preoperative falls may forecast postoperative complications. However, a larger study with non-selected surgical patients and patient-centred outcomes is needed to provide the generalisability and justification necessary to implement preoperative falls assessment into routine clinical practice. The aims of this study are therefore twofold. First, we aim to describe the main features of postoperative falls in a population of unselected surgical patients. Second, we aim to test the hypothesis that a history of falls in the 6 months prior to surgery predicts postoperative falls, poor quality of life, functional dependence, complications and readmission. Methods and analysis To achieve these goals, we study adult patients who underwent elective surgery at our academic medical centre and were recruited to participate in a prospective, survey-based cohort study called Systematic Assessment and Targeted Improvement of Services Following Yearlong Surgical Outcomes Surveys (SATISFY-SOS) (NCT02032030). Patients who reported falling in the 6 months prior to surgery will be considered ‘exposed.’ The primary outcome of interest is postoperative falls within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes include postoperative functional dependence, quality of life (both physical and mental), in-hospital complications and readmission. Regression models will permit controlling for important confounders. Ethics and dissemination The home institution9s Institutional Review Board approved this study (IRB ID number 201505035). The authors will publish the findings, regardless of the results.
C-WORTHY: the beginning of the rise of elbasvir and grazoprevir for the treatment of hepatitis C genotype 1 mono and HIV co-infected patients.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common blood borne pathogens in the world. Recent studies estimate that the worldwide prevalence of anti-HCV is 115 million (1.6%), of which 80 million are thought to be viremic (1.1%) (1). Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), prevalence in the United States is reported to be 2.7–3.9 million, though the likely true prevalence of chronic HCV infection is closer to 5–7 million (2,3). Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of end stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver transplantation in the United States. It is also estimated that there are greater than 19,000 deaths each year from HCV related conditions in the United States and approximately 500,000 throughout the world (4,5).
A comprehensive excitatory input map of the striatum reveals novel functional organization

To fully understand how the brain works, we need to understand how different brain structures are organized and how information flows between these structures. For example, the cortex and thalamus communicate with another structure known as the basal ganglia, which is essential for controlling voluntary movement, emotions and reward behaviour in humans and other mammals. Information from the cortex and the thalamus enters the basal ganglia at an area called the striatum. This area is further divided into smaller functional regions known as domains that sort sensorimotor, emotion and executive information into the basal ganglia to control different types of behaviour. Three such domains have been identified in the striatum of mice. However, the boundaries between these domains are vague and it is not clear whether any other domains exist or if the domains can actually be divided into even smaller areas with more precise roles. Information entering the striatum from other parts of the brain can either stimulate activity in the striatum (known as an “excitatory input”) or alter existing excitatory inputs. Now, Hunnicutt et al. present the first comprehensive map of excitatory inputs into the striatum of mice. The experiments show that while many of the excitatory inputs flowing into the striatum from the cortex and thalamus are sorted into the three known domains, a unique combination of the excitatory inputs are sorted into a new domain instead. One of the original three domains of the striatum is known to relay information related to associative learning, for example, linking an emotion to a person or place. Hunnicutt et al. show that this domain has a more complex architecture than the other domains, being made up of many distinct areas. This complexity may help it to process the various types of information required to make such associations. The findings of Hunnicutt et al. provide a framework for understanding how the striatum works in healthy and diseased brains. Since faulty information processing in the striatum is a direct cause of Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and other neurological disorders in humans, this framework may aid the development of new treatments for these disorders.
Effect of long-term successive storm flows on water reclamation plant resilience.

A water reclamation plant (WRP) needs to be resilient to successfully operate through different kinds of perturbations. Perturbations such as storm events, especially long-term successive storm flows, can adversely affect operations. A better understanding of these effects can provide benefits for plant operation, in terms of effluent quality and energy efficiency. However, the concept of resilience for a WRP has not been widely studied, and we are not aware of any studies specifically related to storm flows. In this work we applied measures of resistance and recovery time to quantify resilience, and used a WRP simulation model to investigate how different storm flow characteristics (flowrate and duration) and the amount of aeration influence resilience. Not surprisingly, increasing storm flowrate leads to decreasing resilience. Although the aeration rate plays an important role in determining resilience, there is an aeration threshold (6 m3/s for our WRP model); higher aeration rates do not increase resilience. Results suggest that aeration costs could be reduced by as much as 50% while still maintaining the resilience needed to meet effluent quality permit requirements through the perturbations examined in this study.
One-bit sparse array DOA estimation

One-bit quantization has become an important topic in massive MIMO systems, as it offers low cost and low complexity in the implementation. Techniques to achieve high performance in spite of the coarse quantizers have recently been advanced. In the context of array processing and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation also, one bit quantizers have been studied in the past, although not as extensively. This paper shows that sparse arrays such as nested and coprime arrays are more robust to the deleterious effects of one-bit quantization, compared to uniform linear arrays (ULAs); in fact, sparse arrays with one-bit quantizers are often found to be as good as ULAs with unquantized data. Nested and coprime arrays without quanitzers are known to be able to resolve more DOAs than the number of sensors, when sources are uncorrelated. It will be demonstrated that this continues to be true even with one-bit quantization.
One World, One Standard for Burn Care: Nursing's Role in Global Health

In 1978, a landmark United Nations conference in Alma-Ata declared the goal of health for all by the year 2000 (WHO, 1978). Yet, today significant disparities exist between the health care afforded individuals in resource-limited countries and those in the industrialized world. Nursing, as a global profession, can become a powerful force for change so that better health is universally achieved. Problem/Background: This project started with a partnership between a burn center in the United States and a pediatric burn center (Burn Center) in Peru, a country in which it is estimated that 15,000 children endure burn injuries each year (Huby-Vidaurre, 2016). Most are under the age of five, and suffer scald burns from pots with hot liquids left to cool on the floors of their homes. Pressure garment therapy (PGT) is a major treatment to reduce scarring for pediatric burn survivors in the United States since the early 1970s, but is unavailable in Peru. Strategy: The Doctor of Nursing Practice project leader worked with the Burn Center team to develop a plan to use PGT as an intervention to address disfiguring scarring among pediatric burn survivors, utilizing the twinning approach. Methods: This quality improvement project involved interdisciplinary collaboration and international partnerships between resource-rich and resource-challenged nations. Obtaining supplies needed to promote PGT in Peru required cultivating relationships with many people in the United States, including translators and interpreters to assist in overcoming language barriers among the participants, manufacturers and distributors of pressure garments to donate fabrics, and people regularly traveling to Peru who transported the donated PGT materials. It also involved working closely with the Burn Center team on developing a culture conducive to conforming to an international standard of practice. Results: Resources were successfully leveraged to build a sustainable PGT program for all pediatric burn survivors in Peru. Conclusion: Forging partnerships between the U.S. and Peru utilizing the twinning approach led to implementation of PGT, allowing for a best practice standard of care in the treatment of pediatric burns.
Ethnic Identity Development among Rural Adolescent Youth

ETHNIC IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENT YOUTH By Adam Iglesias, M.A. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Major Director: Rosalie Corona, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Psychology The current study evaluated the factor analytic structure and developmental trajectory of ethnic identity, as measured by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure, (MEIM) among early rural adolescents. The convergent validity of the measure for rural youth was also examined. The sample for this study was drawn from a larger longitudinal study focusing on violence prevention efforts with an early adolescent sample residing in rural Florida. The final sample size for these secondary analyses was 5,695 participants. The sample was 53 % Caucasian, 24% Latino, 15% African American, and 8% Other. The mean age of the students was 11.3 years. Data were collected at seven time points. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted with the entire sample to determine whether a twofactor model was a satisfactory fit for the entire sample at Times 1-7. Individual growth curve modeling was used to determine ethnic identity trajectories. This study demonstrated that the MEIM taps into two factors (Exploration and Commitment) for rural adolescents. Moreover, the findings demonstrated multigroup equivalence across waves 1-7 of data collection for the Caucasian, African American, and Latino groups. Further, results from the growth curve modeling procedures indicated that Caucasian participants demonstrated a greater increase in Exploration relative to Latino and African American participants. Lastly, results from the convergent validity analyses indicated that Commitment was negatively related to attitudes towards violence and positively related towards attitudes towards nonviolence. Implications for future research and prevention programs that incorporate ethnic identity constructs are discussed.
Combination Therapy for Mitral Regurgitation: An Emerging Paradigm

Surgical repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR) is accomplished using a variety of techniques, instruments, and implants. Although the basic strategy of surgical repair involves leaflet ...
Hemodynamics in Primary Mitral Regurgitation: Support for and Challenges to the Conventional Wisdom

The presence of symptoms in patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation (mitral prolapse/flail) carries a class I indication for intervention in current professional guidelines.1,2 However, symptoms may be underappreciated because of subconscious curtailment of physical activity, and it may be challenging to differentiate class I (no symptoms) from class II (mild symptoms), particularly when the symptoms are as nonspecific as dyspnea and fatigue—the hallmarks of symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR). Moreover, it may be impossible to be confident that symptoms are attributable to MR when there are cardiac or pulmonary comorbidities. For these reasons, stress testing, typically with echocardiography, has become an increasingly important component of the evaluation and management of patients with MR. See Article by Bakkestrom et al There is a substantial literature that speaks to the diagnostic and prognostic importance of stress echocardiography in patients with primary MR. Indeed, such testing provides information as to the patient’s functional and symptomatic status,3 inducibility,4 or worsening5 of MR, left ventricular contractile reserve,6,7 and right ventricular function.8 Noninvasively determined hemodynamics, notably pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP),9–11 have proven to be particularly important, in part, because resting PASP >50 mm Hg carries a class IIA indication for intervention (IIA) in American and European guidelines1,2 and exercise PASP ≥60 mm Hg carries a IIB indication for intervention in the European guidelines.2 The conventional wisdom has been that dyspnea is attributable to increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and indirect support for this has come from prior studies in which resting or exertional pulmonary hypertension (PASP >50 mm Hg or exertional PASP ≥60 mm Hg, respectively) has been linked to symptom onset in initially asymptomatic patients.9,11 Fatigue, which is less common, has been attributed to reduced forward flow. …
Gliding Motility and Flagellar Glycoprotein Dynamics in Chlamydomonas

Although there are many forms of motility and contractility within eukaryotic cells, most cases of whole cell locomotion can be conveniently divided into one of two classes: (1) movement of cells through a liquid medium due to the propagation of bends along cilia and flagella or (2) movement of cells while in adhesive contact with a solid or semisolid surface. In the first case (swimming of ciliated and flagellated cells), locomotion results from a viscous coupling between the ciliary or flagellar surface and the liquid medium. In the second case (exemplified by amoeboid and fibroblastic movements), cell-surface molecules with specific binding properties mediate the transfer of energy between the cell and the extracellular matrix or solid substrate (Buck and Horwitz, 1987; Burridge et al., 1988; Lackie, 1986).
Joint Contributions of Multilevel Linguistic Knowledge to Character Meaning Retention in L2 Chinese.

Character learning is a key issue for second language (L2) Chinese learners. However, our understanding is limited regarding the extent to which the multilevel linguistic knowledge simultaneously works for learning characters, particularly for L2 compound character meaning retention. To fill these gaps, two research questions were addressed. (1) What are the relationships among L2 learners’ radical knowledge, character knowledge, and character meaning retention? (2) To what extent do radical knowledge and character knowledge independently and jointly contribute to character meaning retention? Fifty-six English-speaking L2 Chinese collegiate participants in the U.S. completed a character retention scale and four linguistic knowledge tasks (radicals and characters) after two character-learning sessions. The main findings showed that radical knowledge and character knowledge independently accounted for 23% and 34% of the variance of character meaning retention, respectively. Their joint contributions explained 41% of the outcome variance. The results suggest a combinational character-teaching approach when learning new compound characters.
Toward a Generic Diver-Following Algorithm: Balancing Robustness and Efficiency in Deep Visual Detection

This letter explores the design and development of a class of robust diver detection algorithms for autonomous diver-following applications. By considering the operational challenges for underwater visual tracking in diverse real-world settings, we formulate a set of desired features of a generic diver-following algorithm. We attempt to accommodate these features and maximize general tracking performance by exploiting the state-of-the-art deep object detection models. We fine tune the building blocks of these models with a goal of balancing the tradeoff between robustness and efficiency in an on-board setting under real-time constraints. Subsequently, we design an architecturally simple convolutional neural network based diver detection model that is much faster than the state-of-the-art deep models yet provides comparable detection performances. In addition, we validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed model through a number of diver-following experiments in closed-water and open-water environments.
Rare Constructions Are More Often Sentence-Initial

Main clause phenomena (MCPs) are syntactic constructions that occur predominantly or exclusively in main clauses. I propose a processing explanation for MCPs. Sentence processing is easiest at the beginning of the sentence (requiring less search); this follows naturally from widely held assumptions about sentence processing. Because of this, a wider variety of constructions can be allowed at the beginning of the sentence without overwhelming the sentence-processing mechanism. Unlike pragmatic and grammatical accounts of MCPs, the processing account predicts avoidance of MCPs in non-initial main clauses (non-initial coordinate clauses and premodified clauses). A corpus study supports these predictions, but it is somewhat inconclusive. A further corpus study examines another type of syntactic construction, premodifying adjunct phrases ("openers"); the prediction here is that less common types of opener will be especially avoided in non-initial contexts. The prediction is confirmed, supporting the processing view of rare constructions.
Health coaching to encourage obese adults to enroll in commercially-available weight management programs: The path to health study

Abstract Physicians are recommended to screen and refer obese patients to weight management programs (WMPs). There are often limited referral options for physicians, though commercially-available WMPs could be a potential solution. The purpose of this study (Path to Health) was to evaluate the efficacy of health coaching to promote enrollment in commercially-available WMPs through a two-arm, RCT with obese patients (n = 168) randomly assigned to intervention (n = 84) or control groups (n = 84). Intervention participants received phone health coaching to help them select and enroll in WMPs. We collected data on program enrollment, weight, self-reported physical activity (PA), and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake at baseline, 3- and 6-months. We used logistic regression to assess the intervention effect on enrollment in WMPs and longitudinal regression models to evaluate the effect on weight change, PA and FV intake. The average age was 54.7 years, 59% were female and 43% were Black and 49% were White. At 6 months, 39% of the intervention group (vs. 29% of control) had enrolled in WMPs. We found no longitudinal intervention effect on weight, PA and FV intake. We found that there was more weight loss for those who completed ≥4 calls as compared to those who completed
Including Critical Whiteness Studies in the Critical Human Resource Development Family: A Proposed Theoretical Framework:

While the human resource development (HRD) literature has made strides to incorporate critical race theory, critical Whiteness studies has not been substantively addressed. White experiences need t...
Critical Incidents in Teacher Collaboration on Interdisciplinary Teams.

Teacher collaboration has been identified as crucial to restructuring schools. However, the culture of schools has long discouraged collaboration, supporting isolated teacher behaviors. This study ...
Molecular dynamics simulation of zirconium tungstate amorphization and the amorphous-crystalline interface

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to provide a conceptual understanding of the amorphous-crystalline interface for a candidate negative thermal expansion (NTE) material, ZrW2O8. Simulations of pressure-induced amorphization at 300 K indicate that an amorphous phase forms at pressures of 10 GPa and greater, and this phase persists when the pressure is subsequently decreased to 1 bar. However, the crystalline phase is recovered when the slightly distorted 5 GPa phase is relaxed to 1 bar. Simulations were also performed on a two-phase model consisting of the high-pressure amorphous phase in direct contact with the crystalline phase. Upon equilibration at 300 K and 1 bar, the crystalline phase remains unchanged beyond a thin layer of disrupted structure at the crystalline-amorphous interface. Differences in local atomic structure at the interface are quantified from the simulation trajectories.
Toward the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Real-Time Customization

The outputs of a national economy can be partitioned into three sets of products: tangible goods (due to manufacturing, construction, extraction and agriculture), intangible services (due to an act of useful effort), and an integration of services and goods or, as initially defined by Tien (2012), servgoods. Actually, these products can also be considered in terms of their relation to the first three Industrial Revolutions: the First Industrial Revolution (circa 1800) was primarily focused on the production of goods; the Second Industrial Revolution (circa 1900) was primarily focused on the mass production of goods; and the Third Industrial Revolution (circa 2000) has been primarily focused on the mass customization of goods, services or servgoods. In this follow-up paper, the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization continues to accelerate in its evolution and, in many respects, is subsuming the earlier Industrial Revolutions of production and mass production. More importantly, with the advent of real-time decision making, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, mobile networks, and other advanced digital technologies, customization has been extensively enabled, thereby advancing mass customization into a Fourth Industrial Revolution of real-time customization. Moreover, the moral, ethical, security and employment problems associated with both mass and real-time customization must be carefully assessed and mitigated, especially in regard to unintended consequences. Looking ahead and with the advance of artificial general intelligence, this Fourth Industrial Revolution could be forthcoming in about the middle of the 21st Century; it would allow for multiple activities to be simultaneously tackled in real-time and in a customized manner.
Physical maturation: a review with special reference to Brazilian children

This article presents an overview of the maturation process in children and discusses data from some Brazilian samples. Data related to secondary sexual characteristics in both sexes are compared to other populations. The national median menarcheal age in Brazilian girls obtained by INAN (1990) was 13.2 years. The menarcheal age of Brazilian athletes is higher than the non-athletic population. The developmental age of breast, genitals, and pubic hair in Brazilian children differ little in relation to European or other Latin American populations. Several studies developed in Brazil show that menarche is a landmark for the process of fat accumulation in females. However, in boys during the sexual maturation process, significant changes in the skinfold thickness amount and distribution are not observed. It is evident that there is a lack of studies focusing on growth, development, and maturation of adolescents in several regions of Brazil, particularly male adolescents.
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, and Their Comorbidity: Implications for Impairment.

Objective: Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT), characterized by lethargy and daydreaming, has most commonly been studied in community samples and in youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ...
American Indian Inferiority in Hume's Second Enquiry

It is fairly well known that Hume added a footnote to his essay ‘Of National Characters’ in which he asserts that all non-white peoples are naturally inferior to white people. Subsequently, he revi...
A generalized finite element method for three-dimensional hydraulic fracture propagation: Comparison with experiments

Abstract In this article, 3-D simulations of hydraulic fracture propagation with the Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) are compared with several experiments. The GFEM in this work uses mesh adaptivity and a quadratic basis to control discretization error while avoiding the mapping of 3-D solutions between propagation steps. Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics is adopted and geometrical singular enrichments are used around the fracture front for robust and accurate stress intensity factors extraction. The time step that leads to satisfaction of the propagation criterion is computed automatically using a simple and yet computationally efficient algorithm. The laboratory experiments used in this article include planar and nonplanar fracture geometries as well as propagation in toughness- and viscosity-dominated regimes. The time evolution of fracture radius and opening, and wellbore fluid pressure are compared with experimental data. They show that the GFEM captures well the relevant physics of the hydraulic fracturing process. A modification is proposed to one of the experimental setups to explore and demonstrate the 3-D capabilities and robustness of the method.
Narratives as Viable Crisis Response Strategies: Attribution of Crisis Responsibility, Organizational Attitudes, Reputation, and Storytelling

This article expands situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) to narrative persuasion. In a randomized experiment featuring a news interview of a scandalized company, an organization’s spokes...
A 7.4dBm EIRP, 20.2% DC-EIRP Efficiency 148 GHz Coupled Loop Oscillator with Multi-feed Antenna in 22nm FD-SOI

This paper presents a 148 GHz coupled loop oscillator with multi-feed (MF) octagonal slot antenna. The MF antenna combines the output power from four single ended fundamental oscillators (f o ) and back radiates the combined fundamental power through a silicon lens. The output power from each oscillator is ac coupled to the following stage using a phase compensation capacitor, whose value is selected to increase the oscillation frequency of the coupling loop network. The oscillator is fabricated in 22nm FD-SOI process and has a peak EIRP of 7.4 dBm and a corresponding DC-EIRP efficiency of 20.2%. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this offers over an order of magnitude improvement in DC-EIRP efficiency among 100-200 GHz VCOs reported to date.
A Decade of Ecosystem-Scale Research at an Aridland Constructed Treatment Wetland

Cities are increasingly pursuing more resilient and sustainable futures. One way to do so is by the increased use of Urban Ecological Infrastructure (UEI), including constructed treatment wetlands (CTW). This strategy is particularly important for aridland cities with scarce water resources. In this paper I synthesize nearly ten years of systems-level research at the Tres Rios CTW in Phoenix, AZ USA. Since July 2011, a research team that includes dozens of student volunteers has been sampling monthly for herbaceous biomass and productivity, water quality, transpiration rates, and aquatic metabolism. We also quantify belowground biomass and plant tissue nutrient content annually, and measured greenhouse gas fluxes from 2012 - 2014. Our peak summer biomass values are among the highest reported in the literature, and high rates of transpiration are associated with this biomass. Using our whole-system water budgets and tracer studies we have documented a slow movement of surface water into the marsh from adjacent open water areas that is driven by transpirational losses and that we refer to as the “biological tide”. With our nitrogen (N) budgets for the whole system and the vegetated marsh we showed that roughly 50% of the annual N uptake by the vegetated marsh is driven by new water entering via this biological tide. Our aquatic metabolism sampling suggested that the N uptake associated with the autotrophic water column was roughly 27% of the average annual N uptake by the vegetated marsh. The marsh is a source of CH4 and N2O across the air-water interface and the plants are a net source of CH4 but a net sink for N2O. Our combined flux estimates suggest that the Tres Rios marshes are a net sink for greenhouse gas equivalents because of this plant-mediated net uptake of N2O. Finally, over the years our Tres Rios CTW project has provided a platform for dozens of students and young people to experience ecological research, both in the field and in the lab.
Age-differences in interpreting the valence of ambiguous facial expressions: evidence for multiple contributing processes

Surprised facial expressions, which are ambiguous in valence, are interpreted more positively by older adults than by younger adults. To evaluate the processes contributing to this age difference, ...
Low-temperature and effective ex situ group V doping for efficient polycrystalline CdSeTe solar cells

CdTe solar cell technology is one of the lowest-cost methods of generating electricity in the solar industry, benefiting from fast CdTe absorber deposition, CdCl2 treatment and Cu doping. However, Cu doping has low photovoltage and issues with instability. Doping group V elements into CdTe is therefore a promising route to address these challenges. Although high-temperature in situ group V doped CdSeTe devices have demonstrated efficiencies exceeding 20%, they face obstacles including post-deposition doping activation processes, short carrier lifetimes and low activation ratios. Here, we demonstrate low-temperature and effective ex situ group V doping for CdSeTe solar cells using group V chlorides. For AsCl3 doped CdSeTe solar cells, the dopant activation ratio can be 5.88%, hole densities reach >2 × 1015 cm−3 and carrier lifetime is longer than 20 ns. Thus, ex situ As doped CdSeTe solar cells show open-circuit voltages ~863 mV, compared to the highest open-circuit voltage of 852 mV for Cu doped CdSeTe solar cells. Doping CdTe solar cells with group V elements could overcome the limitations in voltage output and device stability of copper doping, yet implementation remains challenging. Now, Li et al. have devised an ex situ doping approach that is based on group V chloride solutions and low-temperature annealing.
No Walk in the Park: The Viability and Fairness of Social Media Analysis for Parks and Recreational Policy Making

Recent years have seen an increase in the use of social me-dia for various decision-making purposes in the context ofurban computing and smart cities, including management ofpublic parks. However, as such decision-making tasks arebecoming more autonomous, a critical concern that arises isthe extent to which such analysis are fair and inclusive. Inthis article, we examine the biases that exist in social media analysis pipelines that focus on researching recreationalvisits to urban parks. More precisely, we demonstrate thepotential biases that exist in different data sources for esti-mating the number and demographics of visitors through acomparison of image content shared on Instagram and Flickrfrom 10 urban parks in Seattle, Washington. We draw a com-parison against a traditional intercept survey of park visitorsand a multi-modal city-wide survey of residents. We eval-uate the viability of using more complex AI facial recognition algorithms and its capabilities for removing some ofthe presented biases. We evaluate the AI algorithm throughthe lens of algorithmic fairness and its impact on sensitivedemographic groups. We show that despite the promisingresults, there are new sets of concerns regarding equity thatarise when we use AI algorithms.
Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder defined by a propensity for low trauma fractures (fragility fractures) and low bone mineral density (BMD). This chronic medical condition can lead to significant morbidity and mortality; and its impact is especially felt in aging populations. Advancing age is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Sex is also a risk factor as women are more affected than men. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24.5% of women over the age of 65 and 5.1% of men over the age of 65 in the United States (USA) had osteoporosis between 2005 and 2010. All races and ethnicities are affected although there is higher prevalence in Caucasians. Over 10% of community-dwelling adults are estimated to have osteoporosis in the USA. Osteoporosis majorly contributes to the 4698 fractures per 100,000 person-years in women aged 50 and over although some high-impact fractures are not attributable to osteoporosis. Fractures lead to an estimated 430,000 hospitalizations and $17 billion annually. This is not just a problem in the USA. A study of European Union (EU) countries revealed that 22 million women and 5.5 million men were estimated to have osteoporosis across 27 EU countries in 2010 with an economic burden over 30 billion US dollars (37 billion euros). There are also multiple studies across Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the rest of the world revealing high incidence and cost to society. In 2010 it was estimated that 21 million men and 137 million women over age 50 have a high fracture risk. Truly, osteoporosis is a global health concern.