cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in written sign-out composition across hospitalization.

BACKGROUND Inaccurate or incomplete information in the written portion of the patient handoff, or sign-out, may be associated with adverse events in hospitalized patients. Little is known about what information providers actually include in written sign-out documents and how sign-outs change over time. OBJECTIVES (1) Provide a descriptive analysis of initial and subsequent hospital day-written sign-out content, and (2) evaluate the relationship between team workload and sign-out composition. DESIGN Retrospective review of sign-out documents from a larger observational study of general medicine patients admitted to housestaff and hospitalist teams at 3 hospitals. MAIN MEASURES The presence of 13 components of a high-quality sign-out. We performed descriptive analyses and compared initial and subsequent day sign-outs for content. KEY RESULTS We reviewed 200 patient hospitalizations (200 initial handoffs, 580 subsequent day handoffs). Initial sign-out entries contained a mean of 7.54 (standard deviation: 2.27) key sign-out components. Subsequent day sign-outs contained a higher percentage of certain key elements but had more vague language. The number of elements present in the sign-out was reduced as patient census increased (r = −0.295, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sign-out composition changes over time, and is associated with workload. Future interventions to improve quality should take these factors into consideration. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:534–536. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Bacterial Reduction of Selenium

Microbial metabolisms play important roles in reducing soluble selanate to insoluble elemental selenium. Microorganisms capable of undergoing the reductive process have been isolated and identified. The process may be adapted to microbiologically reduce selenium in the saline drainage water generated in the west side of San Joaquin Valley thus minimizing its eco-toxic potential before releases. For effective selenium reduction, pH, salinity, redox potential and organic carbon content of the drainage water must be optimized. Amendments such as molasses, zero-valent iron, and redox mediators and microbial inoculates will significantly enhance the removal of selenium from saline drainage water.
A generalized Osborn–Cox model for estimating fluxes in nonequilibrium stably stratified turbulent shear flows

Abstract This paper describes a nonsteady state generalization of the Osborn–Cox formulas for estimating diapycnal fluxes from microstructure measurements in evolving ocean turbulence. The analysis is based on the same homogeneous turbulence assumption employed in the Osborn–Cox model, but the time dependent terms neglected in their analysis are retained. The analysis is greatly simplified by the finding from laboratory and numerical simulations that stably stratified homogeneous turbulence always evolves into a state of exponential growth or decay of turbulent kinetic and potential energies. Fluxes and diffusivities estimated using the present nonsteady state generalization can differ from Osborn–Cox estimates by as much as 50%, depending on the estimated growth rates. A scaling analysis leads to approximate analytical expressions for the growth rates of turbulent kinetic and potential energies. These dimensionless growth rates are functions of the gradient Richardson number, turbulence Reynolds number, and the kinetic and potential energy shear numbers, which can all be determined in principle from velocity and temperature microstructure measurements.
Early olfactory experience, novelty, and choice of sexual partner by male rats

After rearing by citral-scented or unscented dams, adult male rats were given simultaneous choices of citral-scented or unscented female partners in approach, contact, and sexual behavior tests. There was no evidence that mate choice had been affected by the early rearing experience. In Experiment 1, both citral and control males approached citral-scented females in a T-apparatus at slightly above chance levels and exhibited no differences in copulatory behavior during successive pairings. In Experiment 2, normally reared males directed their first mount more rapidly to a citral female, but otherwise mated equally with the scented and unscented females. In Experiment 3, citral-reared males approached citral and unscented females equally, whereas controls approached citral females less often. With 2 females in the same arena (Exp. 3), the first mount was more rapid when the odor of the partner matched that of the dam, but no other measure of sexual behavior was affected by the partner's odor. Despite the importance of early olfactory experience for the development of social behavior, a preference for estrous-related odors is evidently not learned before mating experience. Under some circumstances, a novel odor added to familiar conspecific odors may attract naive males to potential partners.
Between Language and Sound: Space and the Aural Subject in Quim Monzó's Uf, va dir ell

This article argues that in Uf, va dir ell (1978), Quim Monzo complicates the idea of a nationalist politics rooted in language by shifting the reader's attention from voice, textuality, and orality to the role of aurality in producing subjectivity. Constructing a series of listening subjects who move through urban soundscapes, the collection construes sound as a felt, corporeal experience that is communicated textually via onomatopoeia, prosodic rhythm, and the representation of a globalized soundscape. As the article shows, this globalized aural construction of space, language, and subjectivity challenges nationalist attempts to link language directly to Catalan national identity. Nevertheless, by addressing the work to an audience who must "hear" the soundscape as they read, the collection ultimately reinserts sound into a politically-engaged aural imaginary defined by the Catalan community. The reader as listener, then, occupies a dual position, both corporeally hearing language as sound and understan...
Adaptive control of waveguide modes in a mulitmode waveguide

Multimode optical waveguides, including optical fibers, are traditionally regarded as unsuitable for a wide range of applications such as communications and sensing. A main challenge in using multimode waveguides for aforementioned applications is how to control the spatial profile of optical waves propagating within the waveguide. In this paper, we present experimental studies that demonstrate the feasibility of using adaptive optics (AO) and waveguide devices such as directional couplers to control the form of guided wave in a multimode waveguide.
An Endoluminal Sleeve Induces Substantial Weight Loss and Normalizes Glucose Homeostasis in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity

To investigate the contributions of two surgical gut manipulations – exclusion of the proximal intestine from alimentary flow and exposure of the jejunum to partially digested nutrients – to body weight regulation and metabolism, we have developed a rat model of an investigational device, the endoluminal sleeve (ELS). The ELS is a 10 cm, nutrient-impermeable, flexible tube designed for endoluminal implantation. ELS devices were surgically implanted in the duodenal bulb of rats with diet-induced obesity. Body weight, food intake, stool caloric content, and glucose homeostasis were subsequently evaluated. ELS-implanted rats demonstrated a 20% reduction of body weight compared to sham-operated (SO) controls. ELS-treated animals consumed an average of 27% fewer kcal/day than SO, and there was no evidence of malabsorption. ELS treatment improved fasting glycemia and glucose tolerance after oral and intraperitoneal administration. ELS treatment improved insulin sensitivity, as demonstrated by decreased fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin levels and confirmed by calculation of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. These data suggest that selective bypass of the proximal intestine with delivery of partially digested nutrients to the jejunum by ELS mimics many of the effects of RYGB on body weight and glucose metabolism. Thus, ELS implantation may be an effective treatment for obesity and diabetes. Since the ELS device is amenable to endoscopic placement, it may offer a valuable alternative to more invasive surgical approaches in selected patients with obesity and its metabolic complications.
The Eden Alternative: Impact on Student Attitudes.

ABSTRACT Nursing homes as clinical sites for student learning have the potential to produce negative attitudes toward aging. The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to determine the impact of the Eden Alternative on the attitudes of students toward elders residing in nursing homes. Prior to beginning implementation of the Eden Alternative, 61 students completed the Health Professional Beliefs and Opinions about Elders. At 2 years after implementation of the Eden Alternative, 73 students completed the same survey. The second group reflected significantly more positive attitudes toward elders living in nursing homes.
Irinotecan and temozolomide for Ewing sarcoma: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience.

Background The prognosis for recurrent/progressive Ewing sarcoma (ES) remains poor. Pre-clinical, adult phase I and II trials have demonstrated the combination of irinotecan and temozolomide to have schedule-dependent synergy and significant antitumor activity. A pediatric phase I trial has shown this regimen to be safe and active in advanced ES. Procedure We conducted a retrospective chart review to identify patients with recurrent/progressive ES treated with irinotecan [20 mg/m2/day × 5(×2)] and temozolomide (100 mg/m2/day × 5) in our institution. The best response achieved, time to progression (TTP), and associated toxicities were recorded. Results Twenty patients received a total of 154 cycles of therapy. Of 19 evaluable patients, there were 5 complete and 7 partial responses (a 63% overall objective response). Median TTP for 20 evaluable patients with recurrent/progressive ES was 8.3 months; for the subset of 14 patients with recurrent ES, it was 16.2 months. Median TTP was better for patients who sustained a 2-year first remission than for those who relapsed <24 months from diagnosis and for patients with primary localized vs. metastatic disease. Significant toxicities included grade 3 diarrhea (7 cycles), grade 3 colitis (1 cycle), grade 3 pneumonitis in one patient receiving concurrent whole-lung RT, grade 3–4 neutropenia (19 cycles), and grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia (16 cycles). Conclusions Irinotecan and temozolomide is a well-tolerated and active regimen for recurrent/progressive ES. Prospective trials are necessary to define the role of this regimen in newly diagnosed ES. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:1029–1034. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A novel channel resistance ratio method for effective channel length and series resistance extraction in MOSFETs

Abstract A resistance ratio method for electrical effective channel length and series resistance extraction is developed and verified on an advanced 0.35 μm LDD CMOS technology. This method avoids the gate bias range optimization required in the widely used “shift-and-ratio” (S&R) method, which is usually technology specific, while retaining the single transistor algorithm nature of S&R.
Perceptual carelessness, drawing precision, and oral activity among normal six-year-olds.

A sample of 61 normal 6-yr.-olds was less successful than a comparable sample of 62 5-yr.-olds in recognizing the appropriate location for arms and legs in incomplete pictures of people. Within the former sample a significantly higher N of perceptually inaccurate Ss obtained scores on two Goodenough-Harris items, the proportion of arms and legs, the same anatomical parts that were misperceived. Also, more of these Ss moved their mouths while looking in a mirror. Thus, some normal 6-yr.-olds fail to exhibit an increment in perceptual acuity with advancing CA, draw anatomical parts with more detail than they perceive, and reveal bodily concern during initiation of latency.
Spark chambers with ferrite core memories

Abstract It is demonstrated that small, conventional ferrite memory cores can be used with a wire spark chamber for recording spark locations. This removes the necessity for photographing the spark tracks and enables the information to be fed directly into a computer for analysis.
Calculation of a Waveguide-Loaded Resonator for Interdigital Magnetrons

The electromagnetic-field configuration in the various parts of the resonator is considered, as well as the boundary relations at the junctions between them. The result is used to relate resonance frequency and Q to the geometry and to design the output transducer so that the desired slot conductance is obtained for the electronic operation of the magnetron.
Assessing illicit drug use among adults with schizophrenia

Accurate drug use assessment is vital to understanding the prevalence, course, treatment needs, and outcomes among individuals with schizophrenia because they are thought to remain at long-term risk for negative drug use outcomes, even in the absence of drug use disorder. This study evaluated self-report and biological measures for assessing illicit drug use in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness study (N=1460). Performance was good across assessment methods, but differed as a function of drug type, measure, and race. With the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R as the criterion, self-report evidenced greater concordance, accuracy and agreement overall, and for marijuana, cocaine, and stimulants specifically, than did urinalysis and hair assays, whereas biological measures outperformed self-report for detection of opiates. Performance of the biological measures was better when self-report was the criterion, but poorer for black compared white participants. Overall, findings suggest that self-report is able to garner accurate information regarding illicit drug use among adults with schizophrenia. Further work is needed to understand the differential performance of assessment approaches by drug type, overall and as a function of race, in this population.
THE INFLUENCE OF THYROIDECTOMY ON ALIMENTARY GLYCOSURIA

1. Removal of the thyroid glands causes a rise in the assimilation limit for dextrose. 2. If the parathyroids are left, this result is permanent. 3. The thyroids probably inhibit normally the direct combustion of the sugar in the muscles.
Optical security system using multiple-reference joint transform correlation

A new security system is proposed using optical joint transform correlation technique which employs multiple phase-shifted reference images. In the proposed technique, the address code is used as the reference image and fed into four channels after performing phase shifting on them by different amount. The output signals from each channel are added with the input image to be encrypted for security purpose. Joint power spectra (JPS) signals can then be derived by applying Fourier transformation, and the resultant signals are phase-shifted and combined to form a modified JPS signal. Inverse Fourier transformation of the modified JPS signal yields the encrypted image which is now secure from any unauthorized access and/or loss of information. For decryption purpose, the received encrypted signal is first Fourier transformed and multiplied by the address code used in encryption, which is then inverse Fourier transformed to generate the output signal. The proposed technique does not involve any complex mathematical operation on the address code otherwise required in other security techniques. The proposed technique requires a simple architecture and operates fast, automatic and is invariant to noise and distortions. Performance of the proposed scheme is investigated using computer simulation using binary as well as gray images in both noise-free and noisy conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate)‐graft‐polyoxyethylene

This study involved the synthesis and characterization of an amphipathic graft copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)-graft-polyoxyethylene. This amphipathic graft copolymer was synthesized utilizing a “grafting-onto” technique in which α-hydroxy-ω-methoxypolyoxyethylene was reacted with prepolymerized poly(methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate). Proof of copolymer formation was illustrated using water solubility, GPC, FTIR spectroscopy, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In all cases, proof of copolymer formation is demonstrated unequivocally.
A device for long term, in vitro loading of three-dimensional natural and engineered tissues.

In vitro studies of mechanical loads applied to three-dimensional tissue constructs are important to the design and production of functional, engineered bone tissue. This study reports the development and characterization of a mechanical device capable of subjecting a three-dimensional section of natural or engineered tissue to precise, reproducible four-point bending deformations over a range of programmable magnitudes and frequencies. To test the biological and mechanical capabilities of the system, a low-cycle (360 cycles/day), medium-range strain (2500 microstrain), long-term (16 day) loading regime was applied to rat bone marrow stromal cells cultured in porous DL-polylactic acid scaffolds. Cells proliferated in culture throughout the experiment, and with time showed an increase in alkaline phosphatase expression per cell. Calcium and phosphorus mineral deposition by the unloaded group was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that deposited by the loaded group. The molar ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the unloaded group (0.94:1) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of the loaded group (0.41:1). The loading device presented here is a tool which can be used to help elucidate contributions of mechanical loading/fatigue on biodegradable materials, as well as study the effects of mechanical loading on natural or engineered tissues in vitro. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society.
Cyclotron production of 122Xe(20.1 h)→122I (β + 77%; EC 23%; 3.6 min) for positron emission tomography. Current methods and potential developments

Abstract Iodine-122 (3.6 min; β + 77%; EC 23%) is a positron-emitting radionuclide (PER) which can be used in the synthesis of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Its production and availability from a 122Xe(20.1 h)→122I(3.6 min) parent/daughter transportable-generator system are discussed. Several hundred millicuries of the parent. 122Xe can be produced directly from a 127I target via the 127I(p, 6n)122Xe(Q = −45.50 MeV), using targetry and remote-handling techniques similar to the large-scale production of 123I. With proper design of remote-handling systems, a single 122Xe→122I generator can provide, in rapid succession (i.e. 20–30 min), several tens-millicurie batches of 122I for syntheses purposes. The 3.6-min half life of 122I also offers the potential for sequential use of 122I radiopharmaceuticals in PET studies. Other methods with potential for large-scale production of 122Xe are also discussed.
Topical Hyperbaric Therapy for Problem Skin Wounds

background. Hyperbaric oxygen remains the sole treatment capable of inducing growth of new blood vessels. However, systemic hyperbaric oxygen therapy risks central nervous system and pulmonary toxicity. objective. To describe topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of recelcitrant open wounds. methods. Topical and systemic hyperbaric oxygen treatments are described and contrasted from one another. Applications of topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy are described. conclusion. Topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy is useful only for open wounds. The advantages of topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy include low cost, the lack of systemic oxygen toxicity, and effectiveness, allowing this treatment to be prescribed for many patients early in the course of their disease rather than as a last resort.
Some aspects of real‐time production control in distributed flexible assembly systems

Owing to the advance of communications and automation technologies it is now common, that a product is designed in one part of the world, manufactured often in another continent, assembled again somewhere else and sold (with various minor customization changes) everywhere in the world. In other words we need to deal with a variety of combinations of local design and manufacture/ assembly and global design and manufacture/ assembly, on‐demand, truly just‐in‐time. We have to recognize that traditional, mass‐produced, highly‐controlled static and rigid design and assembly methods cannot cope with the increased amount of information, knowledge and inter‐referencing requirements of the customers of this rapidly changing world. The challenge is to assemble products on demand at a high quality and relatively low cost in the forthcoming “Knowledge Age”. This paper propagates the above by shedding some light on the challenges, as well as by offering generic algorithmic solutions to the problem of dynamic scheduling with integrated robot tool management and multimedia support in distributed, lean and flexible assembly and design systems (including flexible assembly systems employing human operators as well as robots) that operate on a globally distributed basis.
Simpson Golabi Behmel syndrome: progress toward understanding the molecular basis for overgrowth, malformation, and cancer predisposition.

Simpson Golabi Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is a complex congenital overgrowth syndrome with features that include macroglossia, macrosomia, and renal and skeletal abnormalities as well as an increased risk of embryonal cancers. Most cases of SGBS appear to arise as a result of either deletions or point mutations within the glypican-3 (GPC3) gene at Xq26, one member of a multigene family encoding for at least six distinct glycosylphophatidylinositol-linked cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. As a class of molecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been found to play essential roles in development by modulating cellular responses to growth factors and morphogens. Specifically, mutations in both the murine GPC3 gene and the Drosophila glypican, dally, have been found to modify cellular responses to bone morphogenetic proteins, providing important clues to the molecular basis of SGBS in humans. Despite these advances, there remains a paucity of information about the natural history of SGBS and optimal medical management strategies, and whether select mutations influence the SGBS phenotype and risk of cancer. To this end, an International SGBS Registry has been created and is being maintained to improve the clinical care and understanding of the pathogenesis of SGBS. Using an integrated approach employing epidemiology, molecular genetic characterization of specific GPC3 mutations, and the use of model organisms should rapidly expand the understanding of this complex disorder.
Equations representing combinations of components in scoring psychological variables

Abstract The operational definition of variables, an integral part of any psychological experiment, often implies measurement. Measurement, in turn, implies a formula stipulating the way in which components (often responses) are to be combined. Such formulae can often be summarized by mathematical equations. When thus summarized, the measurement properties of the variable can be studied analytically. This paper systematically sets out equations implied by summation, difference, part, gain, ipsative, quadratic, ratio and multiple-cut scoring operations and examines, analytically, the reliabilities, variances and other psychometric properties of such variables. It purports to show that this kind of analysis can be a valuable supplement to psychological interpretation of empirical relationships; it contrasts empirical-search and theoretically derived formulae and it argues for more careful consideration of the implications of definitions of variables.
Inhibition of unwinding of G-quadruplex structures by Sgs1 helicase in the presence of N,N'-Bis[2-(1-piperidino)ethyl]-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide, a G-quadruplex-interactive ligand

N,N'-Bis[2-(1-piperidino)ethyl]-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PIPER), a perylene derivative, is a very potent and selective G-quadruplex DNA-interactive agent. It has been shown to inhibit DNA polymerase and telomerase by stacking externally to the G-tetrads in the G-quadruplex structures. Recently, we have demonstrated that this small molecule greatly accelerates the assembly of G-quadruplex structures in a cell-free system. In this report, we present data demonstrating that PIPER prevents the unwinding of G-quadruplex structures by yeast Sgs1 helicase. Sgs1 belongs to the RecQ DNA helicase family whose members include other G-quadruplex DNA unwinding helicases, such as human Bloom's syndrome and human Werner's syndrome helicases. PIPER specifically prevents the unwinding of G-quadruplex DNA but not duplex DNA by Sgs1. Competition experiments indicate that this inhibitory activity is due to the interaction of PIPER with G-quadruplex structures rather than the helicase itself. These results combined with previous studies suggest a possible mechanism of action for these G-quadruplex-interactive agents inside cells: they might induce G-quadruplex formation in G-rich regions on genomic DNA, stabilize these structures, and prevent them from being cleared by enzymes such as helicases. The G-quadruplex structures may, in turn, disrupt some critical cellular events such as DNA replication, transcription regulation, and telomere maintenance.
Imaging of Melanoma Using 64Cu− and 86Y−DOTA−ReCCMSH(Arg11), a Cyclized Peptide Analogue of α-MSH

Early detection of melanoma is essential, since a patient's prognosis with metastatic melanoma is poor. Previous studies showed that 111In−DOTA−ReCCMSH(Arg11), a cyclic analogue of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), exhibited high tumor concentration and rapid clearance from nontarget tissue. The goal of this current study was to label DOTA−ReCCMSH(Arg11) with β+-emitting radionuclides, to determine if the high sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging would aid in the detection of malignant melanoma. DOTA−ReCCMSH(Arg11) was labeled with 64Cu and 86Y. Biodistribution and small animal PET imaging were carried out in mice implanted with B16/F1 murine melanoma tumor and compared with data obtained in the same animal model with [18F]FDG. In both cases a subset of animals were co-injected with 20 μg of DOTA−ReCCMSH(Arg11) to determine if tumor concentration was receptor mediated. Tumor concentration for both the 86Y- and 64Cu-complexes reached a maximum at 30 min, while coadministering 2...
Effects of the immune system on cyclosporine absorption.

1. The pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of single and multiple doses of cyclosporine were studied in the immunized rat model and compared with non-immunized rats. 2. The pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine i.v. (5 mg/kg per day) were similar in immunized and non-immunized rats after single or multiple doses. 3. The absolute bioavailabilities of single and multiple doses of cyclosporine (10 mg/kg per day) given orally were significantly decreased in immunized rats compared with non-immunized rats. 4. Oral administration of cyclosporine (10 mg/kg per day) did not alter renal function of non-immunized rats compared with untreated controls. However, inulin clearance decreased greater than four-fold in immunized rats given cyclosporine for 7 days. 5. In summary, the pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of cyclosporine given orally to rats are affected by the immune system.
Complications associated with the plug-and-patch method of inguinal herniorrhaphy.

The inguinal hernia continues to challenge general surgeons as evidenced by the variety of new surgical techniques developed to treat this malady. The persistence of recurrence rates ranging from 0.5% to as high as 20% provides the impetus to find the "best" repair. Surgeons continue to pursue an easy approach to this condition that will provide minimal patient discomfort and low to absent recurrence rates. Open tension-free and laparoscopic repairs have been shown to produce less discomfort and lower recurrence rates than conventional repairs under tension. Some of these repairs are relatively complex and difficult to learn. The use of laparoscopy can add a significant cost to the repair. Rutkow and Robbins described a tension-free technique in 1993 that promised minimal dissection, rapid return to regular activities and low recurrence rates [12]. The plug-and-patch repair has become a very popular method of herniorrhaphy. It is a quick procedure that is relatively easily learned. Since the initial description of the procedure, there have been anecdotal reports in the surgical literature describing an occasional interesting complication of this repair. There have been no comprehensive reviews of these occurrences. It appears that there are a significant number of patients who experience prolonged pain after this operation. Additionally, this plug often will shrink to a degree that results in a recurrence of the hernia. The most important finding of this study is that, as with other surgical procedures, attention to detail must be made to mitigate against adverse events.
Evolution of a cylindrical and a spherical vortex sheet

Point vortex and vortex blob computations are used to investigate the evolution of the planar and the axisymmetric vortex sheet which initially induce flow past a cylinder and past a sphere respectively. In both cases the sheet develops a singularity at two points in the symmetry plane at a finite time. It rolls up at these points forming a vortex pair in the planar case and a vortex ring in the axisymmetric case. The computations show differences in the shape of the sheet before singularity formation as well as in the time and location at which the singularity appears. The ensuing roll-up is faster, smaller and less symmetric in the axisymmetric case than in the planar case. Furthermore, unlike the planar pair, the axisymmetric ring sheds approximately 25% of the total vorticity into its wake which then in turn rolls up into a secondary ring. At large times, irregular particle motion appears. This is believed to result from the onset of chaos in a perturbed dynamical system, and to be caused by oscillations in the downstream motion of the vortices.
Learning through the body

Learning through the body is discussed in this chapter as a valued, alternative way of knowing that reconnects the mind and body.
Synthesis and biodistribution of lipophilic and monocationic gallium radiopharmaceuticals derived from N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine: potential agents for PET myocardial imaging with 68Ga.

Abstract Introduction In locations that lack nearby cyclotron facilities for radionuclide production, generator-based 68 Ga radiopharmaceuticals might have clinical utility for positron emission tomography (PET) studies of myocardial perfusion and other physiological processes. Methods The lipophilic and monocationic 67 Ga-labeled gallium chelates of five novel hexadentate bis (salicylaldimine) ligands the bis (salicylaldimine), bis (3-methoxysalicylaldimine), bis (4-methoxysalicylaldimine), bis (6-meth,oxysalicylaldimine), and bis (4,6-dimethoxysalicylaldimine) of N , N ′- bis (3-aminopropyl) -N , N ′ - dimethylethylenediamine (BAPDMEN), were prepared. The structure of the unlabeled [Ga(4-MeOsal) 2 BAPDMEN] + PF 6 − salt was determined by X-ray crystallography, and the biodistribution of each of the 67 Ga-labeled gallium chelates was determined in rats following intravenous administration and compared with the biodistribution of [ 86 Rb]rubidium chloride. Results The [Ga(4-MeOsal) 2 BAPDMEN] + PF 6 − complex exhibited the expected pseudo-octahedral N 4 O 2 2− coordination sphere about the Ga 3+ center with a trans disposition of the phenolate oxygen atoms. All five 67 Ga radiopharmaceuticals were found to afford the desired myocardial retention of the radiogallium. The [ 67/68 Ga][Ga(3-MeOsal) 2 BAPDMEN] 1+ radiopharmaceutical appears to have the best properties for myocardial imaging, exhibiting 2% of the injected dose in the heart 1 min and 2 h postinjection and very high heart/nontarget ratios (heart/blood ratios of 7.6±1.0 and 54±10 at 1 and 120 min, respectively; heart/liver ratios of 1.8±0.4 and 39±3 at 1 and 120 min, respectively). Conclusions Most of these new agents, particularly [ 67/68 Ga][Ga(3-MeOsal) 2 BAPDMEN] 1+ , would appear superior to previously reported bis (salicylaldimine) ligands of N , N ′- bis (3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine as candidates for PET imaging of the heart with 68 Ga.
Membrane Translocation of Charged Residues at the Tips of Hydrophobic Helices in the T Domain of Diphtheria Toxin

The low pH triggered membrane insertion of the T domain of diphtheria toxin is a critical step in the translocation of the C domain of the toxin across membranes in vivo. We previously established ...
RGS4 Inhibits G-Protein Signaling in Cardiomyocytes

Background—RGS family members are GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric Gq and Gi proteins. RGS genes are expressed in heart tissue and in cultured cardiomyocytes. There is evidence that altered RGS gene expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Methods and Results—We investigated the ability of RGS proteins to block G-protein signaling in vivo by using a cultured cardiomyocyte transfection system. Endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and phenylephrine signal through Gq or Gi family members and promote the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. We found that phenylephrine-mediated and endothelin-1–mediated induction of the atrial natriuretic factor and myosin light chain-2 genes was inhibited in cells that were transfected with RGS4. Phenylephrine-mediated gene induction was not inhibited in cells that were transfected with N128A-RGS4, a point mutant form that lacks GTPase-activating protein activity. Phenylephrine-mediated myofilament organization and cell growth were als...
Reflections on The History of Marketing Thought

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to stimulate historical thinking in dealing with problems of marketing thought, by explaining the advantages of studying the history of a discipline's ideas; examining what has been included in prior histories; and evaluating the completeness of coverage in Tadajewski and Jones' (2008) The History of Marketing Thought.Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a comparative analysis based upon prior histories of marketing thought.Findings – For teaching, with modest supplementation, The History of Marketing Thought provides a full appreciation of the intellectual heritage of marketing. For research purposes, The History of Marketing Thought does reasonably well in organizing concepts and theories into schools of marketing thought but less well in showing how these ideas can be organized across the readings to produce new knowledge.Practical implications – There were some important omissions in the collection. Marketing's leading thinker was largely neglected a...
Preventing Smoking Behavior in School Children: An Initial Test of a Cognitive‐Development Program1

A three-session smoking prevention program based on a cognitive-developmental stage model was developed and pilot-tested with 315 sixth through eighth grade students in an urban public school. A media component focusing on experiences associated with different stages of smoking was followed by a structural discussion that linked cognition about symptoms with skills to resist influences to smoke. The control group viewed three commonly used smoking prevention films, made written comments on the films, and participated in an unstructured discussion. Students exposed to the experimental program showed superior gains in accurate interpretations of symptoms, adaptation to symptoms, and addiction. Significantly fewer students exposed to the experimental program made the transition from a first try to occasional or regular smoking at an 18 month follow-up. Change in understanding of symptoms mediated treatment effects. Obtaining these results with only a three-session program, using an active treatment control, a within school design, and an urban, racially balanced population, supports the inclusion of a cognitive-developmental component in smoking prevention.
THE LEAF STRUCTURE OF POA ANNUA WITH OBSERVATIONS ON ITS SMOG SENSITIVITY IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is very sensitive to certain phytotoxic agents present in smog and might be useful as a bioassay indicator plant. In the field, the characteristic response to hydrocarbon-oxidation products is seen to be a tan spotting or transverse banding limited to the region between tip and midblade of susceptible leaves. This damage has been duplicated in the laboratory with synthetically-produced smog. Tissue damage is similar to that previously described in spinach, beets, oats and other plants. The cells which are initially and most seriously damaged are those surrounding the substomatal chambers. Chloroplasts disintegrate, plasmolysis follows, and ultimate total dehydration of damaged cells results in part or all of the mesophyll tissue in affected areas becoming mummified. In plants having a high specific sensitivity to smog, damage is correlated with stomatal distribution and activity, volume of intercellular air space and age of cells. Localization of damage is related to the gradient of cellular differentiation from tip to base in the linear leaf; the sensitive region is limited to those cells which have just completed maximum expansion. 18 references.
Sensitivity of Noninvasive Cardiac Electrophysiological Imaging to Variations in Personalized Anatomical Modeling

Objective: Noninvasive cardiac electrophysiological (EP) imaging techniques rely on anatomically-detailed heart-torso models derived from high-quality tomographic images of individual subjects. However, anatomical modeling involves variations that lead to unresolved uncertainties in the outcome of EP imaging, bringing questions to the robustness of these methods in clinical practice. In this study, we design a systematic statistical approach to assess the sensitivity of EP imaging methods to the variations in personalized anatomical modeling. Methods: We first quantify the variations in personalized anatomical models by a novel application of statistical shape modeling. Given the statistical distribution of the variation in personalized anatomical models, we then employ unscented transform to determine the sensitivity of EP imaging outputs to the variation in input personalized anatomical modeling. Results: We test the feasibility of our proposed approach using two of the existing EP imaging methods: epicardial-based electrocardiographic imaging and transmural electrophysiological imaging. Both phantom and real-data experiments show that variations in personalized anatomical models have negligible impact on the outcome of EP imaging. Conclusion: This study verifies the robustness of EP imaging methods to the errors in personalized anatomical modeling and suggests the possibility to simplify the process of anatomical modeling in future clinical practice. Significance: This study proposes a systematic statistical approach to quantify anatomical modeling variations and assess their impact on EP imaging, which can be extended to find a balance between the quality of personalized anatomical models and the accuracy of EP imaging that may improve the clinical feasibility of EP imaging.
Remote sensing and field test capabilities at U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground

U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is a Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) with the mission of testing chemical and biological defense systems and materials. DPG facilities include state-of-the-art laboratories, extensive test grids, controlled environment calibration facilities, and a variety of referee instruments for required test measurements. Among these referee instruments, DPG has built up a significant remote sensing capability for both chemical and biological detection. Technologies employed for remote sensing include FTIR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, Raman-shifted eye-safe lidar, and other elastic backscatter lidar systems. These systems provide referee data for bio-simulants, chemical simulants, toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), and toxic industrial materials (TIMs). In order to realize a successful large scale open-air test, each type of system requires calibration and characterization. DPG has developed specific calibration facilities to meet this need. These facilities are the Joint Ambient Breeze Tunnel (JABT), and the Active Standoff Chamber (ASC). The JABT and ASC are open ended controlled environment tunnels. Each includes validation instrumentation to characterize simulants that are disseminated. Standoff systems are positioned at typical field test distances to measure characterized simulants within the tunnel. Data from different types of systems can be easily correlated using this method, making later open air test results more meaningful. DPG has a variety of large scale test grids available for field tests. After and during testing, data from the various referee instruments is provided in a visual format to more easily draw conclusions on the results. This presentation provides an overview of DPG's standoff testing facilities and capabilities, as well as example data from different test scenarios.
A comparison of males and females who were sexually molested as children

A 45-item questionnaire was administered to 952 college students. The questionnaire covered the frequency, components, and adult consequences of child molestation in a non-clinical population and provided the basis for comparisons between molested females with and without current sexual problems, and molested females vs. molested males. The male molestation rate was 4.8% with a 3:2 ratio of hetero:homosexual molestation. The female molestation rate was 7.7%. The single significant difference between the two female groups was the negative effect of positive coercion. Significant differences between molested males and females included greater positive coercion and homosexual molestation in males and greater familial molestation and negative consequences of molestation in females. The results were discussed with respect to the role of guilt and the sexual socialization of males and females.
A method for measuring recompression shock unsteadiness applied to two supersonic wakes

The recompression shock system in blunt-base cylinder wakes at 0° and 10° angles-of-attack to an M=2.46 freestream is visualized by planar laser scattering, allowing the instantaneous position of the shock to be determined over a wide region of the flow. The recompression shock at α=0° is highly branched and appears to be quite weak. The shock appears to be stronger at α=10°, with far less branching. Correlation analysis for the α=10° wake indicates that fluctuations in the shock position tend to be correlated over relatively long streamwise distances. Analysis of the shock angle for the angle-of-attack wake shows a significant variation in the local angle of the shock, with trends similar to those seen for the unsteadiness in the shock position.
Ambiguity in padé-approximant calculations

Attention is called to the fact that owing to poor convergence properties, the numerical results of Pade calculations can and do depend sensitively on the way in which one does the renormalization. There is consequently, an element of ambiguity in such calculations. Furthermore, the resulting numerical effects can be quite large. The linear sigma model is used as an illustration. One can calculate the rho width, which characterized the behavior of the amplitude, for which two alternative predictions are made, in the vicinity of the rho mass. The result is MMA ub rho/ approximately equal to 35 MeV. The calculation of this quantity is clearly very sensitive to a change in the renormalization procedure, the reason being the poor convergence properties of the perturbation series. A change in the renormalization procedure is equivalent to a rearrangement of the perturbation series. Finally if the Pade formula is to be used as a basis for phenomenology, these considerations show that one renormalization may yield better fits than another one. (JFP)
State of the Practice of Cable Barrier Systems

This paper presents the state of the practice of the use of cable barrier systems in the United States. A literature review was conducted to identify the types of cable barriers systems being used. The scope of this review included benefits of using cable barriers, available guidelines, policies or procedures related to barrier placement, and issues related to the maintenance and in-service performance of the cable barriers. A comprehensive survey was conducted to identify experiences, practices, and design and construction standards for the use of cable barrier systems. To improve survey quality, survey participants were people identified as managing the cable barrier systems firsthand. The participants were therefore likely to be most knowledgeable about the design and construction, maintenance, and overall experience of cable barrier usage. Concluding remarks about the state of the practice of cable barriers, along with areas of further research, are presented.
Direct stimulation of immediate-early genes by intranuclear insulin in trypsin-treated H35 hepatoma cells.

Abstract H35 hepatoma cells were treated with trypsin to abolish insulin binding and insulin-stimulated receptor kinase activity. Insulin was, however, internalized by fluid-phase endocytosis in trypsin-treated cells. Furthermore, nuclear accumulation of insulin was similar in control and trypsin-treated hepatoma cells. Northern blot analysis revealed insulin increased g33 and c-fos mRNA concentrations identically in control and trypsin-treated cells but had no effect on beta 2-microglobulin mRNA. Actinomycin D treatment prior to or after insulin addition demonstrated that insulin increased gene transcription and had no effect on mRNA degradation. These studies suggest that the accumulation of intact insulin in cell nuclei may be directly involved in the increased transcription of immediate-early genes.