cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Model Theory for Intuitionistic Bounded Arithmetic with Applications to Independence Results

IPV+ is IPV (which is essentially IS\(_2^1\)) with polynomial-induction on \(\sum\nolimits_1^b {^{^{\text{ + }}}{\text{ }}\,}\) -formulas disjoined with arbitrary formulas in which the induction variable does not occur. This paper proves that IPV+ is sound and complete with respect to Kripke structures in which every world is a model of CPV (essentially \(S_2^1\)). Thus IPV is sound with respect to such structures. In this setting, this is a strengthening of the usual completeness and soundness theorems for first-order intuitionistic theories. Using Kripke structures a conservation result is proved for PV1 over IPV.
RECORDING AND DISPLAY

This chapter discusses recording and display in control systems. Once a system has been suitably excited with a known input signal, the output response of the system must be measured in some way and compared with the input signal. The requirement in dynamic response testing is therefore to display or record the system's output waveform, and sometimes its input waveform as well, on some suitable medium. Moving-coil ammeter recorders usually have a rather poor response and cannot respond to signals of high-enough frequency to cover the control system range. It is important to determine the recording system's response because it materially affects the accuracy with which records can be interpreted. The technique of testing the recorder is relatively simple. Optical galvanometer movements have been highly developed and some are quite minute in size. Such a movement is a typical example of a spring-mass system, formed by the suspension (spring) and coil-mirror assembly (inertia), and clearly the second-order differential equation of motion will apply.
Analysis of Diffusion Generated Motion for Mean Curvature Flow in Codimension Two: A Gradient-Flow Approach

The Merriman–Bence–Osher (MBO) scheme, also known as diffusion generated motion or thresholding, is an efficient numerical algorithm for computing mean curvature flow (MCF). It is fairly well understood in the case of hypersurfaces. This paper establishes the first convergence proof of the scheme in codimension two. We concentrate on the case of the curvature motion of a filament (curve) in $${{\mathbb{R}}^3}$$ . Our proof is based on a new generalization of the minimizing movements interpretation for hypersurfaces (Esedoglu–Otto ’15) by means of an energy that approximates the Dirichlet energy of the state function. As long as a smooth MCF exists, we establish uniform energy estimates for the approximations away from the smooth solution and prove convergence towards this MCF. The current result that holds in codimension two relies in a very crucial manner on a new sharp monotonicity formula for the thresholding energy. This is an improvement of an earlier approximate version.
Enhanced Yeast One-hybrid Screens To Identify Transcription Factor Binding To Human DNA Sequences.

Identifying the sets of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate each human gene is a daunting task that requires integrating numerous experimental and computational approaches. One such method is the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, in which interactions between TFs and DNA regions are tested in the milieu of the yeast nucleus using reporter genes. Y1H assays involve two components: a ‘DNA-bait’ (e.g., promoters, enhancers, silencers, etc.) and a ‘TF-prey,’ which can be screened for reporter gene activation. Most published protocols for performing Y1H screens are based on transforming TF-prey libraries or arrays into DNA-bait yeast strains. Here, we describe a pipeline, called enhanced Y1H (eY1H) assays, where TF-DNA interactions are interrogated by mating DNA-bait strains with an arrayed collection of TF-prey strains using a high density array (HDA) robotic platform that allows screening in a 1,536 colony format. This allows for a dramatic increase in throughput (60 DNA-bait sequences against >1,000 TFs takes two weeks per researcher) and reproducibility. We illustrate the different types of expected results by testing human promoter sequences against an array of 1,086 human TFs, as well as examples of issues that can arise during screens and how to troubleshoot them.
Impact of Hip Antibiotic Spacer Dislocation on Final Implant Position and Outcomes

BACKGROUND Dislocation of dynamic antibiotic hip spacers during the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection is a well-described complication. Unfortunately, the repercussions of such events after reimplantation of the definitive prosthesis remain largely unknown. As such, we devised a study comparing the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of patients having undergone reimplantation with and without spacer dislocation. METHODS A search of our institutional database was performed. Two retrospective cohorts were created: dislocated and nondislocated hip spacers. The radiographic and clinical outcomes for each cohort were collected. RESULTS The two retrospective cohorts contained 24 patients for the dislocated group and 66 for the nondislocated group. Continuous variables noted to be significantly different between the dislocated and nondislocated groups were as follows: clinical leg-length discrepancy (1.35 cm vs 0.41 cm, P = .027), acetabular center of rotation (1.34 cm vs 0.60 cm, P = .011), total packed red blood cell transfusions (4.05 vs 2.37, P = .019), operative time (177.4 min vs 147.3 min, P = .002), and hospital length of stay (7.79 days vs 5.89 days, P = .018). Categorical variables noted to be significantly different were requirement for complex acetabular reconstruction (58.3% vs 13.7%, P < .001), requirement of constrained liners (62.5% vs 37.3%, P = .040), and dislocation after second stage (20.8% vs 6.1%, P = .039). CONCLUSION Dislocation of dynamic hip spacers leads to inferior clinical results and perioperative outcomes after reimplantation of the definitive prosthesis. Additionally, complex acetabular reconstruction is often required. As such, every effort should be made to prevent hip spacer dislocation.
Mechanisms of zinc modulation of olfactory bulb AMPA receptors.

Abstract The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors mediates most fast excitatory transmission. Glutamate binding to AMPA receptors (AMPARs) causes most AMPARs to rapidly and completely desensitize, and their desensitization kinetics influence synaptic timing. Thus, factors that alter AMPAR desensitization influence synaptic transmission. Synaptically released zinc is such a factor. Zinc is a neuromodulator with effects on amino acid receptors and synaptic transmission in many brain regions, including the olfactory bulb (OB). We have previously shown in the OB that zinc potentiates AMPAR-mediated currents at low concentrations (30 μM, 100 μM) and inhibits them at a higher concentration (1 mM). It has been hypothesized that zinc potentiates AMPARs by decreasing receptor desensitization. Here, we used cyclothiazide (CTZ), a drug that blocks AMPAR desensitization, to determine whether zinc-mediated potentiation and/or inhibition of AMPA-evoked currents reflect(s) changes in AMPAR desensitization. Zinc largely had biphasic concentration-dependent effects at OB AMPARs. CTZ completely blocked potentiation by zinc but had no significant effect on inhibition. There was a significant negative correlation between the degree of potentiation of AMPAR-mediated currents by 100 μM zinc and a quantitative measure of the degree of AMPAR desensitization (the steady-state to peak [S:P] ratio of AMPA-evoked currents), but no correlation between the degree of current inhibition by 1 mM zinc and the S:P ratio. Together, these findings suggest that low zinc concentrations potentiate rat OB AMPARs by decreasing receptor desensitization, but that the inhibitory effects of higher zinc concentrations are mediated by a separate mechanism.
A Randomized Study of Values Affirmation to Promote Interest in Diabetes Prevention Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes

Objective:The objective of this study was to test whether 2 interventions promote interest in diabetes prevention among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, who face high lifetime risk for diabetes.Research Design and Methods:We designed an email outreach message promoting an exist
A Meta-Analysis of Correlates of Trust Across East Asia, North America, and Europe

Though interpersonal trust has been an important research topic for decades, we have little knowledge about the role national culture may play in moderating the associations between trust and its a...
Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery Can Accurately Predict High Stone Clearance Rates on Postoperative CT.

Abstract Objective To determine stone clearance rates using endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) and assess the accuracy of intraoperative prediction of stone-free (SF) status compared to postoperative CT scan. Methods A single institution, prospectively maintained database of ECIRS was queried for procedures performed 8/2017 to 1/2018. Retrograde access was performed using a ureteral sheath and flexible ureteroscope. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed through a 30fr or 18fr sheath in prone position. Residual stone status was estimated at the end of each procedure and was verified with postoperative CT scan. SF was defined as no single stone >2mm3 on CT. Results One hundred and ten procedures were reviewed. Average age was 58.9 ± 12.6 years (range 26-87) and 69 (63%) were male. The mean stone size was 33.3 ± 23.5 mm (range 4-140 mm). Ninty-three patients (84.5%) were endoscopically estimated to be SF, of which 84 (90% of predicted SF cohort, 76% of total cohort) were confirmed SF via CT scan. The sensitivity for estimating SF status with ECIRS was 65.4% (95%CI 44.3%-82.8%), specificity was 100% (95%CI 95.7%-100.0%) and accuracy was 91.8% (95%CI 85.0%-96.2%). SF patients had significantly smaller stones than those with residual fragments (28.5 ± 2.1 vs 48.4 ± 5.7mm, P Conclusion ECIRS accurately predicts clinical SF status and may obviate the need for additional CT scans. Consistent with prior studies, the primary determinant of residual stone after percutaneous nephrolithotomy is initial stone size.
Predicting In-Hospital Complications After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Comparison of the Elixhauser and Charlson Comorbidity Indices.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the ability of the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict postoperative complications after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods This was a retrospective study of ACDF hospitalizations in the National Inpatient Sample from 2013 to 2014. The ECI and CCI were calculated, and patients who experienced postoperative complications were identified. The ability of these indexes to predict complications was compared using the c statistic (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]). In addition, the CCI and ECI were compared with a base model that included age, sex, race, and primary payer. Results A total of 261,780 patients were included. Patients who experienced a complication were more often male (P Conclusions The ECI was superior to the CCI in predicting 6 of 15 complications in this study. Both are excellent tools for predicting mortality after ACDF.
An Examination of the Clarity of Government Health Websites Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Clear Communication Index

This essay used a content analysis method, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention research tool, the Clear Communication Index, to evaluate the understandability levels of 10 office and six agency’s health websites, under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, which are designed for patients to have access to information about health interventions. The objective of this content analysis study was to measure the content of the 10 office websites and six agencies in terms of the clear communication of the health information. The results provide support that these websites do provide relevant health information to consumers and are designed to provide consumers with information support relevant to their health. These findings will help determine best practices for creating website content suitable for all health literacy levels, identify modifications to improve the index and build on previous literature in regard to the importance of using plain language in public health websites.
Evaluating equity: assessing diversity efforts through a social justice lens

This paper provides a formative evaluation of The Art Institute of Chicago’s initial efforts to diversify the museum field through the Diversifying Art Museum Leadership Initiative (DAMLI) programm...
Twerk sumn!: theorizing Black girl epistemology in the body

In conversations about appropriation and appreciation, twerking is illustrated as a medium that non-Black people are celebrated for (with awards and global tours), while Black people – especially B...
Temperature Dependent Stabilities of the C32 and K@C32, Ca@C32 and Sc@C32 Endohedral Metallofullerene Isomeric Set

Abstract Since their discovery in 1985, Fullerenes have been an intriguing subject due to their structure and varying stabilities and potential use in medical and energy research. In this article, we present the temperature dependent thermodynamic stabilities of the C32, K@C32, Ca@C32, and Sc@C32 isomeric sets as computed at temperatures ranging from 298 K to 6000 K, using Density Functional Theory (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) for geometry optimization and frequency calculations. In all four cases, the D3 isomer (number 6 by Fowler's algorithm) was found to be the most stable throughout the temperature range.
Bird feathers are potential biomonitors for airborne elemental carbon

Birds can serve as effective biomonitors of air pollution, yet few studies have quantified external particulate matter accumulation on bird feathers. Biomonitoring of airborne elemental carbon (EC) is of critical significance because EC is a component of particulate matter with adverse effects on air quality and human health. To assess their effectiveness for use in EC monitoring, we compared EC accumulation on bird feathers at two sites that differed in vehicular traffic volume in an urban environment within the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, USA. Moulted flight feathers from domestic chickens were experimentally exposed to ambient EC pollution for 5 days in two urban microenvironments 1.5 km distant from each other that differed in traffic volume––adjacent to an interstate highway and a university campus bus stop. Feathers near the highway accumulated approximately eight times more EC (307 ± 34 μg m−2 day−1), on average, than feathers near the bus stop (40 ± 9 μg m−2 day−1). These findings indicate that EC accumulation on feathers varies over short distances within urban areas and that bird feathers potentially can be used for biomonitoring airborne EC.
Standardized HFNC Protocol for Bronchiolitis with Lower Targeted SpO2 Goal (90-95%) Decreases Hospital and ICU Length of Stay

Background The AAP recommends targeting oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≥90% for bronchiolitis. High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an effective therapy for bronchiolitis, but the effect of applying a specific SpO2 target to infants and children receiving HFNC for bronchiolitis is not known. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of a quality improvement initiative that instituted a standardized SpO2 goal (90-95%) to a non-standardized SpO2 goal to determine the impact on outcomes among critically ill children with bronchiolitis. Methodology A standardized protocol of HFNC with SpO2 targets for management of bronchiolitis was implemented at UC Davis Children’s Hospital in March 2019. We retrospectively studied patients hospitalized 1/1/18-12/31/18 as the “non-standardized SpO2” …
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and the difference geography makes

Ruez and Cockayne point out that queer theorist Eve Sedgwick’s reflections on paranoid and reparative readings accompanying one another came directly out of her queer political as well as textual p...
Reaffirming or Challenging Boundaries? Exploring Hybrid Academic Units in Modern Research University Hierarchies

Academic structure shapes and reflects institutional behaviors as well as the work done in, and outputs of, higher education organizations (HEOs). Despite this critical role, research on boundaries within academic structure is limited, even in work focusing on the relative presence of core and peripheral disciplines. We thus lack an understanding of the boundaries within academic structures and their implications for the work and outputs of higher education including knowledge creation and legitimation. To address this gap, we analyze a novel dataset on the formal academic structures—colleges, schools, divisions and departments—of 115 Very High Research universities in the U.S. Within these structures we focus on hybrid academic units, which span the core-periphery field boundary, to enhance our understanding of boundaries within academic structures and consider their role in transforming or maintaining the status quo in HEO work and in knowledge creation, legitimation and dissemination. To do so, we evaluate the presence and location of, as well as the fields and disciplines represented by, these boundary spanning units within and across HEOs. We also evaluate the extent to which hybrid academic units reaffirm or challenge the core-periphery boundary via a case study of the structural, programmatic, and leadership features of eight hybrid academic units. Findings reveal that hybrid academic units are present within roughly half of our institutional population and represent a variety of academic fields. Case study results show that hybrid academic units both challenge and reaffirm the core-periphery boundary within these institutions. Institutional and scholarly implications are discussed.
A recepção da literatura brasileira nos Estados Unidos

No presente ensaio, reflito sobre a recepcao da literatura brasileira no exterior a partir de minha experiencia de anos de dedicacao a pesquisa e ao ensino da literatura interamericana nos Estados Unidos e de minhas leituras entusiasmadas da literatura brasileira.
Neuropathological Findings in a Case of Parkinsonism and Developmental Delay Associated with a Monoallelic Variant in PLXNA1

Background PLXNA1 encodes for Plexin-A, a transmembrane protein expressed in the developing nervous system. Mutations in this gene have been associated with developmental delay but have not been previously associated with the development of parkinsonism. Objectives To describe the case of a 38-year-old patient with developmental delay who developed parkinsonism later in life. Methods Post-mortem exome sequencing was performed with confirmation by Sanger sequencing. Brain autopsy was also performed. Results Post-mortem exome sequencing on the proband identified a heterozygous predicted nonsense PLXNA1 variant (c.G3361T:p.Glu1121Ter). Pathology demonstrated arhinencephaly with brainstem heterotopia, diffuse Lewy body disease, and frontotemporal lobar dementia-tau. Conclusions This case of a patient with developmental delay and parkinsonism with PLXNA1 mutation highlights a need for assessing long-term outcomes of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the need for genetic testing in adults. It also suggests that the link between PLXNA1 and α-synuclein should be explored in the future. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
If History Could Be Re-Run: The Provision and Pricing of Deposit Insurance in 1933

This paper examines cross-subsidy, moral hazard and bank liability issues related to the provision of federal deposit insurance by â¬Sre-runningâ¬? its implementation, i.e., determining fair premium values, over the period 1927-1932. The pre-1933 period was characterized by historically high asset price volatility, a large number of bank failures and a weak federal safety net. In this economic context, we find a high degree of self-insurance on the part of the banks in our sample, both in terms of higher overall levels of capital and a strong correlation between capital levels and asset volatility. Potentially large, regionally-based, cross-subsidies among banks were found.
Editorial Comment: Continuously Expanding Impact of MRI in Management of Perianal Crohn Disease

This Editorial Comment discusses the following AJR article: Perianal Imaging in Crohn Disease: Current Status With a Focus on MRI, From the AJR Special Series on Imaging of Inflammation.
A Network of Cell Interactions Mediated by Frizzled is Essential for Gastrulation and Anteroposterior Axis Determination in Xenopus Embryos

Generation of diversity among embryonic cells is essential for development of all multicellular organisms. In a nematode Caenorhabditis elegans many cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to pairs of different daughter cells (Horvitz and Herskovitz, 1992). Unequal cell division may depend on cell polarity, i.e. polarization of the mitotic spindle and cytoskeletal elements inside the cell. In the embryo, cell polarity is further translated into polarity of organs and tissues, leading to generation of biological patterns.
Determination of k-/spl beta/ diagrams for arrays of penetrable spheres

In Shore et al. (2004) we have employed the source scattering-matrix formulation with vector spherical wave functions to investigate traveling electromagnetic waves on infinite linear periodic arrays of lossless electric dipoles (which can be spheres that scatter as electric dipoles) and lossless magnetodielectric spheres (which can scatter as both electric and magnetic dipoles), respectively. It is assumed that either the spheres are sufficiently small that only the dipole scattered fields can be excited, or the frequency is such that all the scattered multipole fields are negligible except the dipole fields. Accordingly, the sphere scattering is treated using only electric and magnetic dipole vector spherical waves, the dipoles being orthogonal to each other and to the array axis. Although our investigation was motivated in part by the recent theoretical demonstration by Holloway et al. (2003) that a doubly negative medium can be formed by embedding an array of magnetodielectric spheres in a background matrix, the results are equally applicable to arrays of lossless "metallic" nanospheres with negative relative permittivity and relative permeability equal to one. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to summarize the analyses given in detail in Shore et al. (2004), and to use them to determine the k-/spl beta/ diagrams for the traveling waves on linear arrays of magnetodielectric spheres and metallic nanospheres.
Novel fabrication of integrated submillimeter circuits

Backside wafer processing has been developed for discrete beamlead diodes and beamlead MMICs. Backside etching allows arbitrary substrate geometry. The beamleads are used to make electrical connections to a waveguide block and/or serve as substrateless transmission lines. The fabrication of an 82.5 to 330 GHz MMIC balanced frequency quadrupler is presented.
Inclusion, Signing, Socialization, and Language Skills

21st-century education finds schools challenged to increase the inclusion of students with widely varying learning abilities, language backgrounds, social diversity, and skills. Educators and administrators acknowledge a need for interactive learning that engages visual, auditory, linear, spatial, tactile, and kinetic learning styles. Students’ styles for learning vary in combinations and intensity and teachers need to combine flexibility and creativity to present material and practices that will build enthusiasm for learning. Adding sign language to a classroom of heterogeneous learners that includes English language learners (ELL) will aid in generating a positive learning environment, inclusive and interactive for varied learning needs and styles.
Microbial Decomposition of Wood in Streams: Distribution of Microflora and Factors Affecting [14C]Lignocellulose Mineralization

The distribution and lignocellulolytic activity of the microbial community was determined on a large log of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in a Pacific Northwest stream. Scanning electron microscopy, plate counts, and degradation of [C]lignocelluloses prepared from Douglas fir and incubated with samples of wood taken from the surface and within the log revealed that most of the microbial colonization and lignocellulose-degrading activity occurred on the surface. Labeled lignocellulose and surface wood samples were incubated in vitro with nutrient supplements to determine potential limiting factors of [C]lignocellulose degradation. Incubations carried out in a nitrogenless mineral salts and trace elements solution were no more favorable to degradation than those carried out in distilled water alone. Incubations supplemented with either (NH(4))(2)SO(4) or organic nitrogen sources showed large increases in the rates of mineralization over incubations with mineral salts and trace elements alone, with the greatest effect being observed from an addition of (NH(4))(2)SO(4). Subsequent incubations with (NH(4))(2)SO(4), KNO(3), and NH(4)NO(3) revealed that KNO(3) was the most favorable for lignin degradation, whereas all three supplements were equally favorable for cellulose degradation. Supplementation with glucose repressed both lignin and cellulose mineralization. The results reported in this study indicate that nitrogen limitation of wood decomposition may exist in streams of the Pacific Northwest. The radiotracer technique was shown to be a sensitive and useful tool for assessing relative patterns of lignocellulose decay and microbial activity in wood, along with the importance of thoroughly characterizing the experimental system before its general acceptance.
How to simplify the plutonium problem

The global stockpile of separated plutonium is expensive and hazardous to reprocess, vulnerable to terrorist threat and disposal is costly. But there are apparently simple ways to reduce this problem.
Mueller Scattering Matrix of Sea Water

The Mueller phase matrices of sea water were measured at scattering angles of 20°, 30°, ⋯ 130° for ocean water, coastal water, harbor water, and river water. The measurements were made with a modified Brice–Phoenix light-scattering photometer. The measured phase matrices exhibit strong forward scattering, and the polarization is comparable in form to that due to Rayleigh scatterers but reaches a maximum value in the range 40%–70%. The matrices are also strongly diagonal and approximate the theoretical Mie scattering matrices for spheres.
The manufacture of CMOS integrated circuits in a university microelectronics laboratory

The manufacture of CMOS integrated circuits in a university laboratory course is difficult because the process is complicated and time consuming. At RIT we have developed an approach that allows the manufacture of CMOS integrated circuits similar to manufacturing in a semiconductor factory. This allows the student to learn about semiconductor manufacturing in addition to fabrication technology for CMOS integrated circuits.
Associations of Cancer Site and Type With Occupation and Industry From the Third National Cancer Survey Interview

From the Third National Cancer Survey (TNCS) Interview Study of 7,518 incident cases, lifetime histories of occupations and industries were studied for associations with specific cancer sites and types while controlling for age, sex, race, education, use of cigarettes or alcohol, and geographic location. Lung cancer patients were found more often than expected among several categories including trucking, air transportation, wholesaling, painting, building construction, building maintenance, and manufacturing (furniture, transportation equipment, and food products). Controlling for cigarette smoking did not change these associations. Leukemia and multiple myeloma were associated with sales personnel of both sexes, whereas lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease were excessive among women working in the medical industry. Other associations included rectal cancer with several retail industries; prostate cancer with ministers, farmers, plumbers, and coal miners; malignant melanoma with school teachers; and invasive cervical cancer with women working in hotels and restaurants. Breast cancer patients were more common among women who were teachers or other professionals and who worked in business and finance (even after controlling for education). Many other findings are presented in detailed tables. Results are reported mainly as a research resource for use by other investigators doing work in this field. Suggestions are given for future studies.
Oxidative Stress Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Drug-Induced Retinopathy

Several pharmaceutical agents have been associated with rare but serious retinopathies, some resulting in blindness. Little is known of the mechanism(s) that produce these injuries. Mechanisms proposed thus far have not been embraced by the medical and scientific communities. However, preclinical and clinical data indicate that oxidative stress may contribute substantially to iatrogenic retinal disease. Retinal oxidative stress may be precipitated by the interaction of putative retinal toxins with the ocular redox system. The retina, replete with cytochromes P450 and myeloperoxidase, may serve to activate xenobiotics to oxidants, resulting in ocular injury. These activated agents may directly form retinal adducts or may diminish ocular reduced glutathione concentrations. Data are reviewed that suggest that indomethacin, tamoxifen, thioridazine, and chloroquine all produce retinopathies via a common mechanism-they produce ocular oxidative stress.
Polymerization Behavior and Polymer Properties of Eosin-Mediated Surface Modification Reactions

Abstract Surface modification by surface-mediated polymerization necessitates control of the grafted polymer film thicknesses to achieve the desired property changes. Here, a microarray format is used to assess a range of reaction conditions and formulations rapidly in regards to the film thicknesses achieved and the polymerization behavior. Monomer formulations initiated by eosin conjugates with varying concentrations of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), N -methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) were evaluated. Acrylamide with MDEA or ascorbic acid as a coinitiator was also investigated. The best formulation was found to be 40 wt% acrylamide with MDEA which yielded four to eightfold thicker films (maximum polymer thickness increased from 180 nm to 1420 nm) and generated visible films from fivefold lower eosin surface densities (2.8 versus 14 eosins/μm 2 ) compared to a corresponding PEGDA formulation. Using a microarray format to assess multiple initiator surface densities enabled facile identification of a monomer formulation that yields the desired polymer properties and polymerization behavior across the requisite range of initiator surface densities.
United States: computer graphics education in computer science undergoing a transformation

Computer graphics education in computer science is a very diverse world. This world is undergoing a transformation, albeit slowly, from traditional methods common in the days of limited computing power, screen resolution and available colors, to a modern approach where knowing how to draw lines pixel by pixel may not be as critical as it once was. This paper discusses some of the common trends and methodologies that are currently seen, and some of the resources that are currently available and used.The number of computer graphics courses varies, depending on the institution and whether they have a graduate program. For strictly undergraduate institutions, graphics is usually an upper-level elective, and is limited to one course. Students interested in further study either arrange for an independent study, or get a group together to have a special topics course offered. It is likely that only larger undergraduate institutions will be able to offer more than one course on a regular basis. Schools with graduate programs have greater flexibility, because it is typical for them to have an introductory course at the upper undergraduate level and one or more advanced courses as part of graduate study. Interested and capable undergraduate students are usually allowed to take these graduate level courses.The content of courses can also vary. Traditionally, schools with one course will usually have that course as an overview of 2D and 3D graphics, and those with two courses will sometimes have the first concentrate on 2D methods and the second on 3D. Many schools have a second undergraduate course concentrating on "advanced" rendering techniques like ray tracing and radiosity.
Characterization of a DNA polymerase associated with an endogenous DNA-synthesizing complex isolated from human lymphoid cells.

Abstract We have shown that a membrane fraction prepared from isolated human lymphoid nuclei contains endogenous DNA-synthesizing activity which is sensitive to RNAase. We have isolated a DNA polymerase from this fraction and partially purified it to what we estimate as about 10 000-fold. Its chromatographic behavior, template specificity, sedimentation constant, pH optimum, and sensitivity to N -ethylmaleimide suggest that the activity resembles but is not identical to DNA polymerase γ (formerly called R-DNA polymerase). The membrane fraction also contains a minor activity which is due to polymerase β, the low molecular weight (3.5 S) nuclear enzyme.
The Ozsváth-Szabó and Rasmussen Concordance Invariants are not Equal

In this paper we present several counterexamples to Rasmussen's conjecture that the concordance invariant coming from Khovanov homology is equal to twice the invariant coming from Ozsvath-Szabo Floer homology. The counterexamples are twisted Whitehead doubles of $(2, 2n+1)$ torus knots.
Cumulative impact of incineration on agriculture: A screening procedure for calculating population risk

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for estimating the population risk incurred by consumption of agricultural crops contaminated by airborne toxins. A screening analysis is performed for southeastern Pennsylvania, a major milk producing area with many planned incinerators.
Possibility of Maser Action in Cosmic Radio Sources

A mechanism is described for maser action in synchrotron sources. The process may contribute to the lowfrequency radiation from 3C273B.
Optimal policy for a dynamic, non-stationary, stochastic inventory problem with capacity commitment

Abstract This paper studies a single-product, dynamic, non-stationary, stochastic inventory problem with capacity commitment, in which a buyer purchases a fixed capacity from a supplier at the beginning of a planning horizon and the buyer’s total cumulative order quantity over the planning horizon is constrained with the capacity. The objective of the buyer is to choose the capacity at the beginning of the planning horizon and the order quantity in each period to minimize the expected total cost over the planning horizon. We characterize the structure of the minimum sum of the expected ordering, storage and shortage costs in a period and thereafter and the optimal ordering policy for a given capacity. Based on the structure, we identify conditions under which a myopic ordering policy is optimal and derive an equation for the optimal capacity commitment. We then use the optimal capacity and the myopic ordering policy to evaluate the effect of the various parameters on the minimum expected total cost over the planning horizon.
Strategies for the Solution NMR Structure Determination of Beta-Barrel Membrane Proteins

To date, a handful of β-barrel membrane proteins have been determined with solution nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) with the first reported in 2001. The bottlenecks seem to be protein sample preparation and obtaining near-complete assignment. In the process of determining the structures of two β-barrel membrane proteins, Opa50 and Opa60 from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, strategies for obtaining quality NMR spectra and backbone assignments were established. The effects of detergents on the global fold and NMR spectral quality were determined. Although all detergents stabilized the overall fold (after refolding in dodecyphosphocholine), there were variable effects on the NMR spectra. In particular, the resonances corresponding to the β-barrel were less affected than the loop regions indicating an interaction between some detergent micelles and the Opa extracellular loops. Once quality NMR spectra are obtained, the next task for NMR structure determination is the backbone assignment. For the Opa proteins, the amino acid content and the crowding in the random coil region of the spectrum (>50% of the protein is comprised by the extracellular loops) has created difficulties in obtaining a comprehensive assignment for structure determination. Several strategies that circumvent these difficulties will be presented.
External economic dependence and Fiscal policy imbalances in developing countries: A case study of Jordan

In this paper a model is developed to determine the fiscal impact of three sets of factors in a less developed country setting: large‐scale public sector capital outlays, foreign trade, and foreign aid. It was found that, in the Jordanian case, the first of these three factors adds more to current expenditures than to domestic revenues indicating a fiscal imbalance, while the two external factors have positive net fiscal effects. Based on these results important trade‐offs between the growth of public sector investment and future external dependence are also derived.
Validity and reliability of the IAT: Measuring gender and ethnic stereotypes

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was developed in response to reports of low validity of explicit (self-report) measures of attitudes, stereotypes, and prejudices. Usually, people are unwilling to report what they think and feel about other races, groups, and nationalities. The IAT has been written about in many books, newspapers, journal articles, websites, and has been featured frequently on radio and television many times; its web site has now reached a peak of 5 million visits. However, despite this popularity its validity and particularly its reliability is under question. This article reports on the validity and reliability of the IAT. Four different experiments were conducted on 150 students at California State University, Long Beach to investigate the temporal reliability of IAT. Also students' opinion (trust) about the validity and reliability of the test was evaluated. The results showed that while there are numerous reports of moderate validity of the test, its reliability as measured in this study, particularly for the first time users, is relatively low. Familiarity with similar tests, however, improves its reliability.
SIGCSE by the numbers: JavaScript

As you may know, SIGCSE 2000 was the first SIGCSE conference that utilized an online system for the submission and reviewing of papers. Naively, for that first conference, I relied upon JavaScript for error checking, so I assumed error checking was not needed at the server --- after all, checking had already been done by the browser, right?
An exploratory evaluation of an elementary mathematics and science attitude survey

Researchers have found that students in the United States display little interest in mathematics and science as early as the sixth grade. Multiple studies have established that elementary students' interest in these subjects is not only low but also decreases further throughout middle school and high school. Few studies have investigated students' interest in mathematics and science during the elementary years. Mathematics and science are essential subjects for future engineers and scientists, and the U.S. is experiencing a shortage in college students who are majoring in these fields. Understanding the attitudes of elementary students toward mathematics and science is essential to understanding the lack of interest students have in these subjects later in their education. This paper describes the development and the on-going validation of an assessment instrument that is designed to measure elementary student attitudes with respect to mathematics and science. Expert review and a factor analysis have been used in the development of the instrument, and subsequent results are reported. Additionally, this paper examines differences among elementary students' attitudes toward mathematics and science with respect to grade level and gender.
Highly symmetric Mn sites in icosahedral Ti-Mn

We find that the $^{55}\mathrm{Mn}$ NMR linewidth and Knight shift of icosahedral ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{63}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{37}$ (i-TiMn) are identical to those of the crystalline phases obtained upon annealing. Comparison of the linewidth in i-TiMn and a bcc Ti-Mn solid solution shows that the Mn sites in both phases have a nearly cubic or higher symmetry. These measurements and our analysis provide strong evidence for a large density of structurally ordered, highly symmetric sites in an icosahedral alloy and demonstrate that a high degree of structural disorder is not an intrinsic property of the icosahedral phase.
Correlation of the ionization potentials of pseudo-aromatic metal complexes with Taft's substituent constants—III benzene chromium tricarbonyls

Abstract Experimental I.P.s taken from the literature for monosubstituted benzene chromium tricarbonyls are correlated with Taft's inductive substituent constants, σI. Two separate lines are obtained: one for carbon substituents and a separate line for lone pair substituents, the correlation equations being EI(R) = 7.19 + 1.15 ΣσI(R) ± 0.03 eV and EI(X) = 6.94 + ΣσI(X) ± 0.02 eV, respectively. EI values are calculated for several substituents not yet obtained experimentally in the benzene chromium tricarbonyl series. A good linear relation between the force constant for the CO stretch and ΣσI demonstrated. It is concluded that an unpaired dxy Cr electron in a t2g MO is the one most probably lost on ionization.
Methicillin‐resistant and methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus laryngitis

Objectives/Hypothesis: Despite the fact that a wide variety of head and neck methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been described, only four cases of MRSA laryngitis are reported in the literature. Our clinical experience suggests that this diagnosis is more common and can be more subtle that previously reported. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S aureus (MSSA) laryngitis, highlighting the in-office workup of these patients. Study Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: All patients with a culture-proven diagnosis of S aureus laryngitis treated within the Emory Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at Emory University between 2007 and 2011. Demographic, diagnostic, and treatment data were retrospectively collected from the patients' hospital records. Results: Three patients with culture-proven MRSA laryngitis were identified. Three further cases of MSSA were also identified. Patients ranged in age from 34 to 74 years. All three patients with MRSA were diabetics. All six patients in the study were current or past users of cigarettes. The most common presenting symptoms were vocal roughness, vocal fatigue, and decreased vocal endurance. There were no symptoms of airway or swallowing compromise. The duration of symptoms at the time of initial assessment ranged from 3 months to 5 years, and most patients had undergone numerous previous treatments. Common signs on laryngeal examination included thickened vocal fold epithelium, whitish debris or the appearance of leukoplakia, edema, and crusting. Signs and symptoms were similar in MRSA and MSSA patients. The diagnosis was made in all patients via awake in-office culture of the larynx. All patients were treated with a prolonged course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (2–4 weeks). Although repeated courses of treatment were required, most patients had an excellent response to treatment. Conclusions: This is the largest, single, case series of patients with MRSA laryngitis. Our study findings suggest that the diagnosis may be more common than previously recognized, and that the presenting signs and symptoms may be subtle and similar to MSSA. Diagnosis can be made via in-office laryngeal culture. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for this diagnosis. Laryngoscope, 2012
Urban community organizations and local government: Exploring relationships and roles

There is an increasing interest in using local community organizations to assist in the development process. Observers who evaluate the contribution of such groups frequently classify them into two clusters: those which are closely tied to the government and focus on service delivery, and those which guard their autonomy and engage in development rather than service delivery. This dichotomy, however, downplays the developmental role of groups allied with local governments and obscures some important contributions they can offer. Three different models are proposed and two case studies of service-oriented groups in Cairo are presented. The cases suggest that an important criterion in assessing voluntary groups is the extent to which their service delivery role enables them to develop an organization. From this perspective their role is potentially much broader than expediting government services.
Pretransplantation soluble adhesion molecule expression predicts outcome after living donor renal transplantation

Hypothesis Occult pretransplantation systemic inflammation will identify patients at risk for poor outcomes after renal transplantation. Design Retrospective cohort study. Adhesion molecule levels were measured in pretransplantation serum samples from 86 recipients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess a possible correlation between serum adhesion molecule level and outcome. Setting University referral center. Main Outcome Measures Allograft rejection and survival. Results Patients with low levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 had less graft rejection ( P = .007). Low levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 independently predicted decreased rejection (relative risk, 0.17; P = .01), and high levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 independently predicted graft loss (relative risk, 3.83; P = .02). Similar correlations were observed for intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Conclusions Decreased pretransplantation adhesion molecule expression correlates with less rejection, and increased levels correlate with graft loss. Assessment of pretransplantation inflammatory status may be useful in optimizing immunosuppression therapy.
Langevin dynamics of peptides: The frictional dependence of isomerization rates of N‐acetylalanyl‐N′‐methylamide

The rate constant for the transition between the equatorial and axial conformations of N-acetylalanyl-N′-methylamide has been determined from Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations with no explicit solvent. The isomerization rate is maximum at collision frequency γ = 2 ps−1, shows diffusive character for γ ≥ 10 ps−1, but does not approach zero even at γ = 0.01 ps−1. This behavior differs from that found for a one-dimensional bistable potential and indicates that both collisional energy transfer with solvent and vibrational energy transfer between internal modes are important in the dynamics of barrier crossing for this system. It is suggested that conformational searches of peptides be carried out using LD with a collision frequency that maximizes the isomerization rate (i.e., γ ≈ 2 ps−1). This method is expected to be more efficient than either molecular dynamics in vacuo (which corresponds to LD with γ = 0) or molecular dynamics in solvent (where dynamics is largely diffusive).