cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A vertical submicron polysilicon thin-film transistor using a low temperature process

This letter presents a submicron (0.5 /spl mu/) vertical N-channel MOS thin-film transistor (TFT) fabricated in Polycrystalline Si using a simple low temperature process (/spl les/600/spl deg/C). The channel length is determined by the thickness of an SiO/sub 2/ film. As a result, submicron vertical polysilicon TFT's can be fabricated without submicron lithographic equipment that is not yet available for large area active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) applications. The device has a dynamic range of greater than five orders of magnitude after hydrogenation. >
Aesthetic use of BoNT: Options and outcomes

There are a multitude of uses for BoNT in the aesthetic realm. Efficacy has been shown in softening glabellar creases, crows feet, forehead rhytides, and in correcting facial asymmetries, including mild eyelid ptosis. Facial shape can be altered through injections of BoNT into masseter, and smiles can be altered with BoNT. Clinical examples of the above will be shown, as well as adverse outcomes with inaccurate injection techniques.
The Price Impacts of Index Option Hedging and the Anomalous Weekly Reversals

This paper shows that hedging by index option writers generates significant price pressure on the market as a whole, resulting in market return reversals. Furthermore, this aggregate hedging pressure affects some stocks more than others, causing cross-sectional dispersion of pricing errors and cross-sectional return reversals. Specifically, we find that market returns following monthly index option settlements are negatively correlated with signed delta hedging volume preceding settlements. In addition, the cross-sectional weekly reversal anomaly in recent years concentrates around option expiration and a significant portion of it can be explained by index option hedging pressure. Based on the theoretical argument that option hedging trades are more likely to generate pricing errors approaching option expiration and the exogeneity of the option expiration calendar, the above patterns can be attributed to option hedging effects. Evidence also suggests that option hedging can impact seemingly liquid underlying markets by amplifying existing order imbalances. In terms of implications for option pricing, we find that index option prices tend to be high before option expiration, suggesting that option hedgers are attempting to control their inventories of written options that might be difficult to hedge due to the price impact. Collectively, our evidence brings new insights to the literature on the interaction between primary markets and derivative markets and the broad topic of market efficiency.
Particle-Induced Desorption Ionization Techniques for Organic Mass Spectrometry

The use of new ionization methods in organic mass spectrometry has undergone a rapid expansion in recent years.(1,2,543,544) The need for a reliable and, sensitive analytical method for nonvolatile and thermally labile compounds, including those of high molecular weight such as biomolecules, has encouraged such development. The prospect of largescale manufacture of synthetic biomolecules, with its concomitant need for analytical methods, ensures the continued refinement of such methods. The new-found methods through which ions can be formed has also revitalized such areas as chromatography/mass spectrometry, and fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic studies of gas phase ions. Justifiably, however, considerable attention has been focused on the analysis of large biomolecules by plasma desorption (PD) with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, (3,4,544) with the mass range extending as high as 60,000 daltons. Within the past year, advances in sampie preparation and matrix selection have allowed laser desorption to reach masses as high as 120,000 daltons(545-547) and electrospray ionization has broken the 100,000 mark in the creation of ions directly from solution samples.
Analysis of supplier selection policies for regional food systems using multiagent simulation

....... 8 Introduction 9 Literature Review 14 Methodology 34 Simulation Results and Analysis 57 Conclusion.... 75 References... 79 CHAPTER 3 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 86 General Discussion 86 Recommendation for Future Work 87 Limitations of the Study 88 APPENDIX A. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS DATA 90 APPENDIX B. USERFORM FOR IOWA FOOD CO-OP 98
4-Methyl-3-Heptanone: Identification and Function in Neoponera villosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Studies on the chemistry of ant-alarm pheromones have been essentially restricted to those produced by species in the subfamilies Myrmicinae, Dolichoderinae and Formicinae (Blum and Brand 1972) and, as a consequence, there is virtually no information available pertaining to the chemistry of these pheromones in the more primitive subfamilies. We report here on the mandibular-gland secretion of Neoponera villosa (F.),2 a species in the subfamily Ponerinae, one of the most primitive of the formicid taxa.
Identifying Interurban Shoppers: Multiproduct Purchase Patterns and Segmentation Profiles:

The authors suggest that there is more than one type of outshopper, each type motivated by needs emanating from unique socioeconomic, life cycle, and life style perspectives. These concepts are tes...
Analysis of the pyrolytic graphite ion optics following the 2000-hour wear test of the HiPEP ion thruster

This paper presents an in depth analysis of the pyrolytic graphite (PG) ion optics used in the 2000 hr wear test of the HiPEP ion thruster. The results of the 2000 hour wear test are compared to the numerical predictions in an effort to validate the models and to create a better understanding of erosion phenomena for highly collimated beams at high specific impulse. Phenomena evaluated in this paper include screen grid erosion, accelerator grid thickening due to deposition, erosion mitigation due to deposition, flake containment on the downstream surface of the accelerator grid, and deposition of material from the accelerator grid onto the screen grid. The erosion observed during the test is consistent with pre-test expectations, and pyrolytic graphite optics appear a very viable solution for high-power, long-life ion thruster applications.
Driving Force for the Association of Amphiphilic Molecules

The classical view of the hydrophobic effect is that the association of hydrophobic molecules is entropy-driven and caused by the increase in the entropy of water. In this work, we investigate the thermodynamics of association of amphiphilic molecules that consist of a hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic block. Using atomistic simulations, we calculate the potential of mean force between molecules and obtain the entropic and energetic contributions from calculations at two temperatures. For purely hydrophobic molecules, the association is entropy driven, but for the block copolymers the thermodynamic driving force is sensitive to the conditions: The association between block copolymers is energy-driven in pure water and methanol but is entropy-driven in aqueous solutions with high concentrations of added salt. These results demonstrate that the driving force for association in amphiphilic molecules is sensitive to conditions, and the classical view of the hydrophobic effect is not universal.
Klotho in health and disease.

Purpose of reviewThe klotho gene was originally identified as a putative aging-suppressor gene in mice that extended life span when overexpressed and induced a premature aging syndrome when disrupted. Subsequently, it became clear that the Klotho family of membrane proteins function as obligate co-r
Ulnar neuropathy: evaluation and management

Ulnar neuropathy is commonly encountered, both acutely after elbow trauma and in the setting of chronic compression neuropathy. Careful clinical evaluation and discerning evaluation of electrodiagnostic studies are helpful in determining the prognosis of recovery with nonoperative and operative management. Appreciation of the subtleties in clinical presentation and thoughtful consideration of the timing and type of surgical intervention are critical to optimizing outcomes after treatment of ulnar neuropathy. The potential need for decompression at both the cubital tunnel and Guyon's canal must be appreciated. Supplementation of decompression with supercharged end-to-side nerve transfer can expedite motor recovery of the ulnar intrinsic muscles in the appropriately selected patient. The emergence of nerve transfer techniques has also changed the management of acute ulnar nerve injuries.
Access to Care in the Wake of Hurricane Sandy, New Jersey, 2012.

Objective Evacuation and damage following a widespread natural disaster may affect short-term access to medical care. We estimated medical care needs in New Jersey following Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Methods Hurricane Sandy-related questions regarding medical needs included in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were administered to survey respondents living in New Jersey when Sandy occurred. Results Recently arrived foreign-born residents were more likely than US-born residents to need medical care following Sandy. Others with greater medical needs included the uninsured and evacuees. Persons who evacuated or lived in areas that experienced the greatest hurricane impact were less likely to be able to fill a prescription. Only 15% of New Jerseyans were aware of the Emergency Pharmaceutical Assistance Program (EPAP), a federal program which allows prescription refills for the uninsured following a disaster. Recently arrived foreign-born residents and the uninsured were less frequently aware of EPAP: 8.7% and 10.9%. Conclusions Populations with impaired access to care in normal times—such as the recently arrived foreign-born and the uninsured—were also at risk of compromised access in the hurricane’s aftermath. Measures to address prescription refills during a disaster need better promotion among at-risk populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:485–491)
Marketing the Introductory Marketing Course: an Analysis of Changes in the "Buyers’" Perceptions

The perceived importance to students at a major midwestern university of both the beginning marketing course and the marketing principles themselves was studied. Key differences were found with regards to the importance of various topics, with marketing and management majors usually rating topics higher in importance than accounting and finance majors.
Herbaceous Response to Type and Severity of Disturbance

The herbaceous layer varies with topographic heterogeneity and harbors the great majority of plant diversity in eastern deciduous forests. We described the interplay between disturbances, both natural and human-caused, and composition, dynamics, and diversity of herbaceous vegetation, especially those in early successional habitats. Management actions that create low to moderate disturbance intensity can promote early successional species and increase diversity and abundance in the herb layer, although sustaining communities such as open areas, savannahs, and woodlands may require intensive management to control invasive species or implement key disturbance types. A mixture of silvicultural practices along a gradient of disturbance intensity will maintain a range of stand structures and herbaceous diversity throughout the central hardwood forest.
Construction of a GPR3 Homology Model Using Conformational Memories

GPR3 is an orphan receptor which belongs to the Class A family of G-Protein Coupled Receptors. It shares high sequence similarity with GPR6, GPR12 (64 and 61%), the lysophospholipid receptors S1P1 and LPA1 (34 and 33%), and the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 (21 and 26%). GPR3 is predominantly expressed in mammalian brain and oocytes and it is known as a Gαs-coupled receptor activated constitutively in cells.As demonstrated by different research groups, GPR3 represents a possible target for the treatment of different pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, oocyte maturation or neuropathic pain. However, the lack of potent and selective GPR3 ligands is delaying the exploitation of this promising therapeutic target. In this context, we aim to develop a homology model which helps us to elucidate the structural determinants governing ligand-receptor interactions.For that purpose, we constructed a GPR3 model based on the crystallized S1P1 receptor structure (Hanson et al, Science 2012). Sequence divergences in transmembrane helixes 1, 4, 6 and 7 have been explored using the Monte Carlo/simulated annealing program, Conformational Memories (Whitnell et al, J. Comput. Chem. 2007). Extracellular and intracellular loop geometries were calculated using Modeller v9.1. Energy minimizations of the resultant R and R∗ models were performed using the OPLS2005 all atom force field in Macromodel (Schrodinger, 2015). As in S1P1 receptor, the N-terminus of the GPR3 model displays a helical portion and short random coil region that covers the top of the binding crevice.The development of the GPR3 active and inactive state models will enable the rational design of novel GPR3 ligands which may serve as research tools for further understanding of the biological role of this orphan receptor. [Support: NIH KO5 DA021358 and NIH RO1 DA03934 (PHR)].
Self-Assembling Multidomain Peptide Nanofibers for Delivery of Bioactive Molecules and Tissue Regeneration.

ConspectusMultidomain peptides (MDPs) are a class of self-assembling peptides that are organized in a β-sheet motif, resulting in a nanofibrous architecture. This structure is stabilized by hydrophobic packing in the fiber core and a hydrogen-bonding network down the fiber long axis. Under easily controllable conditions, regulated by electrostatic interactions between the peptides and the pH and salt composition of the solvent, the nanofiber length can be dramatically extended, resulting in fiber entanglement and hydrogel formation. One of the chief strengths of this supramolecular material is that the design criteria governing its structure and assembly are robust and permit a wide range of modifications without disruption. This allows the MDPs to be tailored to suit a wide range of applications, particularly in biomedical engineering. For example, delivery of small molecules, proteins, and cells is easily achievable. These materials can be trapped within the matrices of the hydrogel or trapped within th...
Improving Competitiveness of Engineering Students With Disabilities Through Focused Learning

On many university campuses, students with disabilities form a noticeable group of the student population. Over the past years, enrollment of students with disabilities has markedly increased and this trend is expected to continue in the future. Although students with disabilities often prefer to major in non-technical areas, a considerable number of them choose to seek career opportunities in science, engineering and technology. The majority of prior studies on educating special engineering and STEM students have been oriented towards students with physical disabilities. A balanced approach is advocated in which individual aspects of the disability are given a special consideration and learning strategies and the environment are tailored in accordance with student’s needs. Such adjustments are critical in accommodating students with a wide spectrum of disabilities.The aim of this paper is to consider various aspects of engineering education that may improve the competitiveness of engineering students with disabilities when they enter the professional workforce.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Performance of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity (UE) Versus Physical Function (PF) Computer Adaptive Tests (CATs) in Upper Extremity Clinics.

Purpose To examine the performance of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Upper Extremity (UE) Function Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) relative to the PROMIS Physical Function (PF) CAT in patients seeking specialty care for upper extremity conditions. Methods This observational trial analyzed prospectively collected PROMIS UE and PF CAT scores from 5,202 adult patients with 10,344 outpatient clinic visits presenting to a tertiary orthopedic clinic. Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to evaluate the association between initial PF and UE scores as well as the association between changes in PF and UE scores between visits. Differences in scores between populations presenting with hand conditions versus shoulder and elbow conditions were evaluated via Student t test, as were differences in scores between new and return patient visits. Results The PROMIS UE CAT scores were strongly correlated with PROMIS PF CAT scores. However, patients averaged 8 points lower scoring on UE CAT testing than on PF CAT scores. The UE CAT demonstrated a ceiling effect at a score of 56 that affected 7% of patients with a secondary ceiling at 50. Changes in PF and UE scores between visits were moderately correlated with a mean difference of less than 1 point. Patients presenting for hand conditions achieved better PF and UE scores than patients presenting for shoulder and elbow conditions. Conclusions The PROMIS UE module appears responsive to changes over time. However, the current UE CAT has a ceiling score of 56, which does not allow for improvement of scores 0.6 SD higher than the presumptive normative population mean of 50. Although a specific assessment of upper extremity function is desirable, continued refinement of the PROMIS UE CAT is required to better assess patients with higher levels of function. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic II.
Survey study on the practice patterns in the endoscopic management of malignant distal biliary obstruction.

Background and study aim Endoscopic biliary drainage for malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO) is a common practice. Controversy persists with regard to its role in resectable MDBO, the optimal technical method and type of stent. The aim of this study was to evaluate practice patterns in the treatment of MDBO among endoscopists with varying levels of experience and practice backgrounds. Methods Electronic survey distributed to members of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). The main outcome measures included practice setting (academic vs. community), volume of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs), reasons for endoscopic drainage in MDBO, and technical approach. Results A total of 335 subjects (54 % community-based endoscopists) completed the survey. Most academic physicians (69 %) reported performing ≥ 150 ERCPs annually compared to 18.8 % of community physicians (P Conclusion There is significant variability in practice patterns for the treatment of MDBO. In spite of the recent ASGE guideline recommendations, some patients with resectable MDBO still undergo preoperative ERCP. Current clinical practices are not clearly supported by available data and underscore the need to increase adherence to gastrointestinal societal recommendations and an evidence-based approach to standardized patient care.
Circadian Clearance of a Fungal Pathogen from the Lung Is Not Based on Cell-intrinsic Macrophage Rhythms:

Circadian rhythms govern immune cell function, giving rise to time-of-day variation in the recognition and clearance of bacterial or viral pathogens; to date, however, no such regulation of the host-fungal interaction has been described. In this report, we use murine models to explore circadian control of either fungal-macrophage interactions in vitro or pathogen clearance from the lung in vivo. First, we show that expression of the important fungal pattern recognition receptor Dectin-1 (clec7a), from either bone marrow–derived or peritoneum-derived macrophages, is not under circadian regulation at either the level of transcript or cell surface protein expression. Consistent with this finding, the phagocytic activity of macrophages in culture against spores of the pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus also did not vary over time. To account for the multiple cell types and processes that may be coordinated in a circadian fashion in vivo, we examined the clearance of A. fumigatus from the lungs of immunocompetent ...
A Review Essay: Rendering "Staging Wittgenstein"

Blair Simmons’ performance Staging Wittgenstein was born from a text—Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus—and this review renders it textual again. Staging Wittgenstein takes the logics of language developed in the book and plays them out on stage in physical and dialogical acts. In the transformation from philosophy text to performance, the brilliant, puzzling text is made live and funny, but its curious, inventive logic is retained. The review considers the nature of this transformation, and what it means to “enact” theory, using Natasha Myers’ notion of a “rendering” to frame the performance as a productive criticism of fundamental assumptions in the original text, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. The review also enacts a second transformation, reverting the piece back to the 2-D medium of words on a page. This subsequent rendering is just as instructive about the piece itself, as it is instructive about the process of realizing academic research iteratively and multi-dimensionally, in the spaces of writing, performance, and “performance writing.” Thus, a history of transformations is produced: from Tractatus, to Staging Wittgenstein, and finally to performance review, which theorizes its own place in that chain of multi-modal research.
World-Class Quality: Using Design of Experiments to Make it Happen

(1993). World-Class Quality: Using Design of Experiments to Make it Happen. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 152-153.
How Consent Works

In the first part of the book, I argue that there are reasons to think that non-consequentialism fails. It fails because the heart of non-consequentialism is an attempt to show how people may treat others in the case of cooperation and conflict. Cooperation occurs via consent because it is through consent and its cousin, promise, that people voluntarily accept permissions and incur duties. In particular, it is the way in which people voluntarily change their perimeter of rights, specifically to their body and property. Consent is, roughly, the means by which one waives a right and thus changes his perimeter of rights with regard to another. Consent lies at the heart of many topics in law, medicine, politics, and ethics. A common idea is that consent in itself matters toward the right and the good. This chapter rejects this idea. More specifically, it defends two theses. First, the maximization theory of consent is true. The maximization theory asserts, roughly, consent functions to maximize what justifies rights (for example, autonomy or interests). Second, because the maximization theory is true, consent does not matter in and of itself. Specifically, consent by itself does not matter for the right or the good. If consent does not matter in and of itself, then non-consequentialism is in real trouble for consent is at the heart of how non-consequentialism handles moral transformation in the context of cooperation. Consequentialism asserts that an act is permissible because, and only because, it brings about, whether directly or indirectly, as much good as any other act available to the agent. The direct-versus-indirect condition is designed to allow for rule-consequentialism. It is compatible with agent-relative or agent-neutral accounts of the good. For example, egoism as a moral theory might be seen as consequentialism about prudential good. On this account, consequentialism does not address things that are not acts (for example, motives), although it does address acts that bring these other things about. Non-consequentialism asserts that there are permissible acts and that consequentialism is false.
Reducing Impact Loading in Runners: A One-Year Follow-up.

ABSTRACTIncreased vertical impact loading during running has been associated with a variety of running related injuries including stress fractures, patellofemoral pain, and plantar fasciitis.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the acute and long-term effect of a gait retraining program a
TEACHING SERVICE COURSES AND SHORT COURSES IN STATISTICS - A RESPONSE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the views of L. H. Koopmans, Watts, and Folks regarding teaching service courses. These courses are indeed a major portion of almost every department of statistics and should be given the prominence they deserve. L. H. Koopmans has described a particular introductory course, its goals, its compromises and constraints, use of calculators as opposed to computers, and the course content. D. G. Watts, on the other hand, has enumerated the tasks from which the objectives—within the context of a course in regression analysis—evolve. J. L. Folks has been concerned with answering the question of whether the service course is in fact a servant or master. The chapter presents remarks primarily to Folks on servant or master and then highlights a few additional concepts.
Applications of 2DFT NMR Spectroscopy to the Study of Biological Macromolecules

2DFT NMR spectroscopy is useful in the analysis of spectra of very small proteins and the mobile segments of larger proteins.
New Public Management : Tendenzen in Zürcher Gemeinden

Die Studie untersucht, wie New Public Management (NPM) heute in Zurcher Gemeinden verstanden wird und wie dieses Verstandnis die Gemeindeverwaltung pragt. Es werden in einer qualitativen Studie die Aspekte Steuerungsinstrumente, Personal, Kundenorientierung sowie operative und strategische Trennung betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass tendenziell grossere Gemeinden und Stadte Steuerungsinstrumente des NPM einsetzen. In allen Gemeinden wird das Fachwissen der Mitarbeiter sowie ihre Sensibilisierung zur Kundenorientierung verstarkt.
Dave Harmeyer and Janice J. Baskin. Implementing the Information Literacy Framework: A Practical Guide for Librarians . New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. 279p. Paper, $65.00 (ISBN 978-1-5381-0757-7). LC 2017048324.

In 2015 the Association of College & Research Libraries’ Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education replaced the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education , the latter document being rescinded by ACRL. With the removal of the Standards from the ACRL website entirely, the decisive nature of this change has had profound effects on the teaching of information literacy in academic libraries. Gone were the Standards with their clear statements about what an information-literate student will be capable of accomplishing. In their place the Framework provided six now-familiar threshold concepts called “frames,” introducing new levels of flexibility and adaptability to information literacy education. However, the Framework does not recommend best practices or guidelines for teaching these frames. The utility of the information literacy frames clearly extends beyond the “walls” of the library to the classroom, where teaching faculty may find the concepts have a natural fit within their subject curriculum. What should be the nature of librarians’ collaborations with faculty? Dave Harmeyer and Janice J. Baskin’s book aims to provide practical assistance to librarians and classroom faculty in using the Framework to collaborate in teaching students to think conceptually about information literacy, as well as having the intellectual tools to learn new information literacy skills throughout their lives. The authors use their experiences as an academic librarian and a professor of English to describe how the Framework can be addressed from both library and classroom perspectives.
Parental Involvement and Executive Function in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective To examine (a) changes in parental involvement across early emerging adulthood, (b) whether yearly fluctuations in parental involvement were associated with adherence and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over time, and (c) whether higher involvement was more beneficial for those with poorer executive function (EF). Methods A total of 228 high school seniors (M age = 17.76) with type 1 diabetes reported on mothers' and fathers' acceptance, knowledge of diabetes activities, disclosure to mothers and fathers regarding diabetes, and adherence at four yearly time points. At baseline, participants completed performance-based measures of EF. HbA1c was collected from assay kits. Results Growth curve models revealed significant declines in disclosure to fathers and mothers' and fathers' knowledge of diabetes activities; no changes were found in mothers' or fathers' acceptance nor disclosure to mothers. Multilevel models indicated significant between-person effects for nearly all aspects of parental involvement with more acceptance, knowledge, and disclosure associated with better HbA1c and adherence. Within-person effects for disclosure to fathers, and mothers' and fathers' knowledge indicated that in years when emerging adults perceived higher amounts of these types of involvement (compared with their own average), HbA1c was lower. Within-person effects were found for acceptance to mothers, disclosure to mothers and fathers, and mothers' diabetes knowledge for adherence. Disclosure to fathers and mothers' knowledge of diabetes activities were especially beneficial for HbA1c for those with poorer EF performance. Conclusions Parental involvement in diabetes management remains important during the high-risk time of emerging adulthood, especially for those with poorer EF.
Evaluation and genome-wide association study of Verticillium wilt resistance in a MAGIC population derived from intermating of eleven Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) parents

Vertcillium wilt (VW, Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) is one of the most important soil-borne fungal diseases affecting world cotton production. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic basis of VW resistance using bi-parental or association mapping populations. In this study, a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population of 550 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) together with their 11 Upland cotton parents with a total of 473,516 polymorphic SNP markers was used to identify chromosomal regions for VW resistance based on foliar disease severity ratings (DSR) in two replicated greenhouse tests. Among the 11 parents, Acala Ultima, Coker 315, and Deltapine Acala 90 in the two tests and FiberMax 966 in one test and on average were significantly more resistant than the susceptible check parent- Phytogen PSC 355, while Paymaster HS 26, SureGrow 747, Stoneville 474, Stoneville 825, and Tamcot Pyramid performed similarly to PSC 355. Although a significant genotype × test interaction was detected for DSR, 37 MAGIC lines were consistently resistant to VW. Of 13 and 12 VW resistance QTL declared in Test 1 and 2, respectively, through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), three QTL on chromosome A01, D02 and D08 were in common and three QTL clusters were detected on chromosome A01, A13, and D01 between the two tests. The narrow chromosomal regions for the three common resistance QTL allowed identification of possible candidate genes for VW resistance. This greenhouse study identified VW resistant parents and RILs and common resistance QTL for VW resistance, providing useful information for developing VW resistant cultivars and further genomic studies towards the identification of VW resistance genes in cotton.
Unsupervised Machine Learning of Topics Documented by Nurses about Hospitalized Patients Prior to a Rapid-Response Event.

Background In the hospital setting, it is crucial to identify patients at risk for deterioration before it fully develops, so providers can respond rapidly to reverse the deterioration. Rapid response (RR) activation criteria include a subjective component (“worried about the patient”) that is often documented in nurses' notes and is hard to capture and quantify, hindering active screening for deteriorating patients. Objectives We used unsupervised machine learning to automatically discover RR event risk/protective factors from unstructured nursing notes. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we obtained nursing notes of hospitalized, nonintensive care unit patients, documented from 2015 through 2018 from Partners HealthCare databases. We applied topic modeling to those notes to reveal topics (clusters of associated words) documented by nurses. Two nursing experts named each topic with a representative Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine–Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) concept. We used the concepts along with vital signs and demographics in a time-dependent covariates extended Cox model to identify risk/protective factors for RR event risk. Results From a total of 776,849 notes of 45,299 patients, we generated 95 stable topics, of which 80 were mapped to 72 distinct SNOMED CT concepts. Compared with a model containing only demographics and vital signs, the latent topics improved the model's predictive ability from a concordance index of 0.657 to 0.720. Thirty topics were found significantly associated with RR event risk at a 0.05 level, and 11 remained significant after Bonferroni correction of the significance level to 6.94E-04, including physical examination (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.12), informing doctor (HR = 1.05, 95% CI, 1.03–1.08), and seizure precautions (HR = 1.08, 95% CI, 1.04–1.12). Conclusion Unsupervised machine learning methods can automatically reveal interpretable and informative signals from free-text and may support early identification of patients at risk for RR events.
Longitudinal NK cell kinetics and cytotoxicity in children with neuroblastoma enrolled in a clinical phase II trial

Background Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the main effector populations of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibody and cytokines, used in combination with chemotherapy to treat children with high-risk neuroblastoma on this phase II trial. However, the impact of chemoimmunotherapy on NK cell kinetics, phenotype, and function is understudied. Methods We prospectively examined NK cell properties from 63 children with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma enrolled in a phase II trial (NCT01857934) and correlated our findings with tumor volume reduction after 2 courses of chemoimmunotherapy. NK cell studies were conducted longitudinally during chemoimmunotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT) with optional haploidentical NK cell infusion and additional immunotherapy. Results Chemoimmunotherapy led to significant NK cytopenia, but complete NK cell recovery reliably occurred by day 21 of each therapy course as well as after autoHCT. Haploidentical NK cell infusion elevated the NK cell count transiently during autoHCT. NK cell cytotoxicity increased significantly during treatment compared with diagnosis. In addition, NK cells maintained their ability to respond to cytokine stimulation in culture longitudinally. Unsupervised cluster analysis of CD56bright NK cell count and tumor volume at diagnosis and after two courses of chemoimmunotherapy identified two patient groups with distinct primary tumor sizes and therapy responses. Conclusion After profound NK cytopenia due to chemoimmunotherapy, endogenously reconstituted NK cells exhibit enhanced NK cytotoxicity compared with pretherapy measurements. Our data suggest a relationship between CD56bright expression and tumor size before and after two courses of chemoimmunotherapy; however, future studies are necessary to confirm this relationship and its predictive significance. Trial registration number NCT01857934.
Correction to: The influence of race in older adults with infective endocarditis.

After publication of the original article [1], there is a duplicate “35.322” in the section “Study outcomes”: Secondary outcomes included combined aortic valve repairs or replacements (ICD-9 35.11, 35.22, 35.22), […]”. This should be read “(ICD-9 35.11, 35.21, 35.22)”, instead.
Migraine and Ischemic Stroke in Women. A Narrative Review

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Migraine is associated with ischemic stroke. Women are 3-fold as likely as men to have migraine, and high estrogen states increase the risk of migraine with aura (MWA), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and of stroke. We review the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of the migraine-stroke relationship and its risk factors, with a focus on women and conditions that exclusively or predominantly affect them. METHODS: We performed a search of MEDLINE/PubMed database, then a narrative review of the epidemiological evidence of the migraine-stroke relationship as well as the evidence for arterial, thrombophilic, and cardiac mechanisms to explain this connection. We examine the implications of this evidence for the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of MWA. RESULTS MWA is associated with multiple stroke risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, atrial fibrillation, and patent foramen ovale. In women, MWA is also associated with biomarkers of endothelial activation, hormonal contraceptive use, pregnancy, and VTE. This suggests that a subset of auras may be secondary, that is, induced by ischemia related to microemboli or in situ thrombosis. MWA-associated ischemic stroke is more common in young (<45 years old) women with high frequency of migraine attacks, hormonal contraception use, and with pregnancy and preeclampsia. There is increasing evidence that cardioembolism, often in conjunction with thrombophilia, plays a prominent role in MWA-associated cerebral infarction. CONCLUSION The commonality of factors associated with MWA and with MWA-associated stroke suggest that persons with secondary, ischemia-induced aura may be at elevated risk of stroke. Although further research is needed, we recommend consideration of a diagnostic evaluation of MWA that mirrors the evaluation of transient ischemic attack, given that prophylactic treatment targeting the ischemic origin of secondary aura may prevent migraine as well as stroke.
Does Productivity-Based Physician Compensation Affect Surgical Rates for Elective Arthroplasty Surgery?

Abstract Background Surgeon compensation models could potentially influence the utilization of elective procedures. We assessed whether transitioning from salaried to a relative value unit (RVU) productivity-based physician compensation model changed the surgical rate and patient selection in elective total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) procedures. Methods Our institution transitioned from salaried to RVU productivity-based reimbursement in July 2016. We performed a retrospective analysis on patients undergoing primary THA and TKA from July 2014 to July 2018 before and after the transition (salary period n = 820; RVU period n = 1188). Beta regression was used to determine the reimbursement structure as a predictor of surgery. The surgical rate was defined as the number of primary THA and TKA procedures per reimbursement period divided by all arthroplasty and osteoarthritis outpatient clinic encounters. Results There was a surgical rate of 15.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.8%-17.8%) THA and 16.7% (95% CI 15.1%-18.1%) TKA procedures during RVU reimbursement compared to 11.1% (95% CI 9.8%-12.8%) THA and 11.7% (95% CI 10.5%-12.8%) TKA procedures during the salaried period (P .05 for all covariates). Conclusions Productivity-based physician compensation may encourage higher rates of elective arthroplasty procedures without broadening patient selection.
A QoS based heuristics for clustering in two-tier sensor networks

Once sensors detect an event they always have to route the data to base station where the data is processed. Since sensors usually have concerns regarding coverage, energy, processing power and memory, etc achieving Quality of Service is hard in sensor networks. Therefore to deal with such issues of sensors and to maximize the Quality of Service, initially the two tiers Heterogeneous Sensor Networks approach is used to route the data. Second, the sensors are partitioned into clusters to increase the network coverage and to reduce transportation costs and energy utilization. Voronoi clustering and Tabu search meta-heuristics have been used for making such clusters. An Improved Tree Routing technique is applied to two-tier Heterogeneous Sensor Networks to route the data through cluster heads. This approach largely increases the performance of sensor networks. Through simulation results, we show that the Voronoi-Tabu based clustering technique when added to Improved Tree Routing has better Quality of Service than Directed Diffusion and Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy routing protocols. Furthermore, empirical evaluations show that Voronoi-Tabu based clustering increases the throughput of the network, in addition to decreasing the energy utilization and network delays.
Murky Precedent Meets Hazy Air: The Compact Clause and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative

As it becomes clear that global warming is a reality, states are increasingly taking measures to regulate the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). These efforts come largely in response to the federal government’s failure to regulate CO2 emissions. Perhaps the most significant and novel example of states’ efforts to combat this problem is the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a multi-state attempt to establish a regional cap-and-trade program targeting CO2 emissions produced by fossil fuel-fired power plants. RGGI faces significant obstacles in its path to full implementation, including the possibility that it violates the Compact Clause of Article I of the United States Constitution. This Note argues that in its current iteration, RGGI likely does not conflict with the federal government’s Compact Clause power as delineated by the Supreme Court in U.S. Steel Corp. v. Multistate Tax Commission. If RGGI’s administrative body is ultimately vested with greater regulatory and enforcement powers, however, this Note concludes that the outcome under U.S. Steel could be much different.
When Do Challengers Succeed? Nongovernmental Actors, Administrative Agencies, and Legal Change: Shifting Rules for Oregon's Private Forests

Regulatory regimes are notoriously resistant to change, so when less powerful actors manage to reshape long-established rules and gain increased access to a natural resource the interesting question is why? This article investigates relations between different claimant groups and the state in the reshaping of the regulations governing Oregon's private forestlands, how this process was mediated by broader political opportunities and constraints, and the conditions that supported a shift in the legal regime that benefited less advantaged interests. The intent is to deepen our understanding of the circumstances under which well-established rules of governance are altered. Analysis points to each of the following variables as significant for successful reform: (1) active challengers and their success in reframing issues to support their goals, (2) new political opportunities facilitating wider participation in the rulemaking process, and (3) concurrence between local and national aspirations supporting reform. While each condition is noteworthy, it is insufficient on its own. Rather, my study comparing two contested administrative rules suggests that a clear alignment of all three variables provides the strongest impetus for legislative and administrative rule changes at the state level benefiting less advantaged interests.
Phylogenetic, Structural and Functional Relationships between WD- and Kelch-Repeat Proteins

The beta-propeller domain is a widespread protein organizational motif. Typically, beta-propeller proteins are encoded by repeated sequences where each repeat unit corresponds to a twisted beta-sheet structural motif; these beta-sheets are arranged in a circle around a central axis to generate the beta-propeller structure. Two superfamilies of beta-propeller proteins, the WD-repeat and Kelch-repeat families, exhibit similarities not only in structure, but, remarkably, also in the types of molecular functions they perform. While it is unlikely that WD and Kelch repeats evolved from a common ancestor, their evolution into diverse families of similar function may reflect the evolutionary advantages of the stable core beta-propeller fold. In this chapter, we examine the relationships between these two widespread protein families, emphasizing recently published work relating to the structure and function of both Kelch and WD-repeat proteins.
Type I Interferons and Receptors

1 Purification of Human Leukocyte Interferon α 2 Purification of Human Fibroblast Interferon-β 3 Activities of the Purified IFN-α Species 4 Functional Unit of IFN-α 5 Recombinant Human IFN-β 6 Interferon Receptors 7 The type II Interferon (IFN-γ) Receptor 8 The type I Interferon (IFN-α/β/ω) Receptor 9 The Cytokine type 2 Receptor Family 10 Signal Transduction 11 Therapeutic use of type I Interferons 12 Acknowledgments Keywords: type I interferons and receptors; purification of human leukocyte interferon α; functional unit of IFN-α; type I interferon (IFN-α/β/ω) receptor; cytokine type 2 receptor family; interferon receptors; signal transduction; therapeutic use of type I interferons
The Sea Woman: The Sedna in Inuit Shamanism and Art in the Eastern Arctic

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Frederic Laugrand and Jarich Oosten Year: 2008 Pages: 152 Publisher: University of Alaska Press ISBN: 978-1-60223-026-2 (hard cover). Prices: $49.95 USD(hard cover).
Guts of Surfaces and the Colored Jones Polynomial

1 Introduction.- 2 Decomposition into 3-balls.- 3 Ideal Polyhedra.- 4 I-bundles and essential product disks.- 5 Guts and fibers.- 6 Recognizing essential product disks.- 7 Diagrams without non-prime arcs.- 8 Montesinos links.- 9 Applications.- 10 Discussion and questions.
TCT-72 Impact of Gender on Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Pooled Analysis from the SPIRIT II, III and IV trials

Background: Female gender is a consistent and strong correlate of increased cardiovascular risk following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Emerging data suggest that 2nd generation drug-el...
Optimal number of pinholes in multi-pinhole SPECT for mouse brain imaging—a simulation study

This study simulates a multi-pinhole single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system using the Monte Carlo method, and investigates different multi-pinhole designs for quantitative mouse brain imaging. Prior approaches investigating multi-pinhole SPECT were not often optimal, as the number and geometrical arrangement of pinholes were usually chosen empirically. The present study seeks to optimize the number of pinholes for a given pinhole arrangement, and also for the specific application of quantitative neuroreceptor binding in the mouse brain. An analytical Monte Carlo simulation based method was used to generate the projection data for various count levels. A three-dimensional ordered-subsets expectation-maximization algorithm was developed and used to reconstruct the images, incorporating a realistic pinhole model for resolution recovery and noise reduction. Although artefacts arising from overlapping projections could be a major problem in multi-pinhole reconstruction, the cold-rod phantom study showed minimal loss of spatial resolution in multi-pinhole systems, compared to a single-pinhole system with the same pinhole diameter. A quantitative study of neuroreceptor binding sites using a mouse brain phantom and low activity (37 MBq) showed that the multi-pinhole system outperformed the single-pinhole system by maintaining the mean and lowering the variance in the measured uptake ratio. Multi-pinhole collimation can be used to reduce the injected dose and thereby reduce the radiation exposure to the animal. Results also suggest that the nine-pinhole configuration shown in this paper is a good choice for mouse brain imaging.