cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes of pancreaticoduodenal injuries in children.

To examine surgical outcomes of children with pancreaticoduodenal injuries at a Quaternary Level I pediatric trauma center. We queried a prospectively maintained trauma database of a level one pediatric trauma center for all cases of pancreatic and/or duodenal injury from 2002 to 2017. Analysis was conducted using JMP 13.1.0. 170 children presented with pancreatic and/or duodenal injury. 13 (7.7%) suffered a combined injury and this group forms the basis for this report with mean ISS of 22.8 (± 15.1), RTS2 of 6.4(± 2.1), and median age of 6.6 (1.3–13.5) years. Child abuse (31%) and bicycle injuries (23%) were the most common mechanisms. 8/13 (61.5%) required operative intervention. Higher AAST pancreatic and duodenal injury grade (2.9 vs. 1.2, p = 0.05 and 3.6 vs. 1.4, p = < 0.01), lower RTS2 (7.84 vs. 5.49, p < 0.01), and lower GCS (9.6 vs. 15, p = 0.03) predicted operative intervention. 6/8 (75%) undergoing surgery survived to discharge with only (2/6) survivors suffering postoperative complications. Both mortalities were secondary to severe traumatic brain injury. Surgical management of complex pancreaticoduodenal injury is an uncommon traumatic event that is associated with high injury severity, but survival occurs in most scenarios.
Veterans’ civilian employment experiences: Lessons learnt from focus groups

Emerging evidence highlights employment as a key factor influencing the success of transition from military to civilian life. Historically, employment programs have focused on improving skills such...
Case Report in Integrative Medicine

Abstract Patients with intractable epilepsy continue to suffer medical complications and experience a decline in quality of life despite the advent of new antiepileptic medications. Physicians caring for such patients are often frustrated with the lack of viable options. The case of a 24-year-old male with difficult-to-control seizures who presented to our Integrative Medicine Clinic highlights the integrative approach to patient care and describes additional therapeutic measures that may benefit patients with intractable epilepsy.
Some Basic Inequalities

There are a few general inequalities which play a central role in measure theory and its applications. The ones dealt with in this section are all consequences of convexity considerations.
Lessons from the Myocardial Infarction Research Units

The broad areas of concern of the Myocardial Infarction Research Unit Program have been: The biology of ischemic myocardium; the recognition of its clinical presentation as acute myocardial infarction; and the management of patients with established infarction. Significant progress has been made in an understanding of the pathophysiology of severe power failure of the heart (1), and hence the development of more optimal form of therapy. It has been recognized that in certain hearts the magnitude of myocardial necrosis, usually combined with pre-existing myocardial destruction, precludes survival (2). In a number of instances, however, important changes have been made both short-term and long-term relative to the attainment of a more favorable outcome.
What Was Crusader about the Crusader States

When William, the Archbishop of Tyre and Chancellor of the kingdom of Jerusalem, wrote his chronicles in the late twelfth century, a word for crusade had not yet been created. But William knew what...
Reverse Power Distribution Network and Phase Considerations for Low Power RF Near Field Coupling in IoT Applications

This paper presents a reverse power distribution network (PDN) for integrating low power RF-DC conversion with power distribution unit (PDU) for mW IoT applications. This system is differentiated from most wireless power transfer systems by operating at RF, for decreased coil area. By using a RF source, integration issues from the different capacitance needs of the RF rectifier and PDU emerge. The reverse PDN is applied to a 2 coil system with continuous power demand and 4 coil system with discontinuous power demand. The target impedance and design metrics for the reverse PDN for both systems is discussed. The design of the reverse PDN is presented, through capacitor modeling and selection and modeling of layout effects. Both designs are fabricated with a RF near field integrated board and verified through measurement. Both the 2 coil and 4 coil systems are unable to supply the regulated output without the reverse PDN but successfully supply the desired regulation with the reverse PDN. The reverse PDN is a necessary component to optimally integrate RF near field wireless power transfer with regulated output for low power IoT applications.
Alternative approach to hemostatic particle spraying for treatment of GI bleeding by the use of cross-platform devices

Background and Aims GI bleeding is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with an estimated 20,000 deaths per year. Some subgroups of patients show refractory recurrent bleeding despite standard endoscopic therapy. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved a hemostatic spray for clinical use in nonvariceal bleeding. Despite its efficacy, not all endoscopy units have access to this spray, at times because of cost. Our aim was to determine the safety and efficacy of a plant-based hemostatic particle spray in nonvariceal GI bleeding by use of a cross-platform setup. Method We present 3 cases in which plant-based particle spray was used for hemostasis with a cross-platform delivery system. Conventional therapies failed in the first 2 cases, and in the third case hemostatic particle spray was used as a primary therapy. Results Successful immediate hemostasis was achieved in all 3 patients. No immediate adverse events or recurrence of bleeding was noted. Conclusions Plant-based hemostatic particle spray is safe and effective as a temporizing measure in refractory ulcer and postnecrosectomy cavity bleeding. Further studies are needed to establish the safety and comparative efficacy of plant-based hemostatic powder. The cross-platform system used here for plant-based hemostatic particle spray presents a less-expensive alternative in selected cases.
Reimbursement patterns for neurosurgery: Analysis of the NERVES survey results from 2011-2016.

Abstract Objective In response to rising national health expenditures, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was passed in 2010, with major provisions implemented in 2014. Due to increasing concerns about workload and compensation among neurosurgeons, we evaluated trends in neurosurgical reimbursement, productivity and compensation before and after the implementation of the major provisions of the ACA. Patients and Methods Results from Neurosurgery Executives’ Resource Value and Education Society (NERVES) annual surveys were collected, representing data from 2011 to 2016. Responses from different practice settings across the six years were categorized into groups, and inverse variance-weighted averaging was performed within the frameworks of a one-way ANOVA model with year. Data from 2011 to 2013 and 2014–2016 were analyzed similarly for differences among practice setting and region. Results The NERVES survey response rates ranged from 20% to 36%. Median values for compensation decreased by 3.66%, 6.42%, and 10.34% within private, hospital, and academic practices respectively after 2014 although these trends did not reach statistical significance. Median work RVUs had a trend to decrease by 5.67%, 13.08%, and 19.44% within private, hospital, and academic practices respectively after 2014. Academic practices showed statistically significant decreases in annual total RVUs, total gross charges and collections. Conclusion These data demonstrate neurosurgical reimbursement and productivity have trended down during a time that increases in productivity and reimbursement were predicted. This phenomenon is most notable in academic practices compared to private or hospital based practices. Prospective analyses of the impact of healthcare policy reform on neurosurgical productivity are urgently needed.
Leveraging New Definitions of the LxVP SLiM To Discover Novel Calcineurin Regulators and Substrates

The Phosphoprotein Phosphatase Calcineurin (CN, PP2B, PP3) recognizes and binds to two short linear motifs (SLiMs), PxIxIT and LxVP, in its regulators and substrates. These interactions enable CN function in many key biological processes. The identification of SLiMs is difficult because of their short, degenerate sequence and often low binding affinity. Here we combine Structure Based Shape Complementarity (SBSC) analysis and proteome-wide affinity purification-mass spectrometry to identify PxIxIT and LxVP containing CN interactors to expand and thereby redefine the LxVP motif. We find that the new πφ-LxVx primary sequence defines an ensemble of binding competent confirmations and thus the binding on-rate, making it difficult to predict the LxVP binding strength from its sequence. Our analysis confirms existing and, more importantly, identifies novel CN interactors, substrates, and thus biological functions of CN.
Use of mobile applications in hand therapy.

Abstract Introduction Mobile devices can be incorporated into therapy as an engaging alternative to traditional therapy options. The use of mobile devices and smartphone applications can enhance the quality of care provided by health care professionals. Purpose To find mobile apps that can be incorporated into hand therapy practice. Methods Hand therapy evaluation, interventions, proprioception, laterality, and home exercise program applications can be incorporated into practice. Patient education can also be provided via the use of mobile applications. Conclusion Smartphone applications can be a valuable intervention and impact performance in individuals with impaired hand function. Smartphone applications offer a client-centered, and potentially motivating, activity option that can be utilized to aid the hand therapist.
Principals and District Leaders Navigating the Marketplace: Lessons From Texas, New York, and Pennsylvania:

Due to the growth of school choice across the United States as well as declining enrollment in some districts, schools are experiencing increasing competition for students. As a result, principals ...
Oral Health in Older Adults with Dementia

The population of the United States is aging. Adults 65 years of age and older (or older adults) represent the most rapidly increasing demographic. The fastest growing is the cohort age 85 and older (Ortman et al, An aging nation: the older population in the United States. United States Census Bureau, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, 2014). The prevalence of chronic diseases associated with aging is also increasing, including conditions such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritic conditions, and dementia. Aging is also associated with a decline in physiologic functioning of the individual. Dementia is a significant and increasingly common age-related disorder and manifests as a slow, progressive decline in cognitive functions (i.e., intellectual abilities, impairment of memory, abstract thinking, and judgment). The pathophysiology and etiology of dementia can vary, but the most common cause is Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Birks and Harvey, Cochrane Database Syst Rev (6):CD001190, 2018). This chapter presents a case report and a review of the issues and challenges associated with the management of dental patients with AD. Practicing dentistry is no longer limited to oral cavity as dentists are “oral health physicians” who must be knowledgeable of the condition and manage their patients appropriately.
Eating Meat, Eating Misery

The most direct connection people have with animals is usually through the food they choose to eat, so no wonder the subject of meat and dairy consumption is a recurring subject in literature with a welfare agenda. Authors picking up the topic occasionally develop comparisons between carnivorous animals that consume other animals to survive, and humans that often kill in excess and for pleasure. Writers also call attention to ways gender expectations shape attitudes toward the killing and consumption of other animals. This chapter explores ethical questions raised about these topics by consideration of, among others, E. B. White’s Charlotte’s Web (1952), Farley Mowat’s The Dog Who Wouldn’t Be (1957), J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (1999), and David Duchovny’s Holy Cow (2015).
Black Phosphorus in Biological Applications: Evolutionary Journey from Monoelemental Materials to Composite Materials

ConspectusUnderstanding the evolutionary journey of monoelemental black phosphorus (BP) to BP-based composites plays a crucial role in expanding and advancing the development of BP in biological ap...
The COVID-19 pandemic adds another 200,000 deaths (50%) to the annual toll of excess mortality in the United States.

In “Excess Mortality in the United States in the 21st Century,” Samuel Preston and Yana Vierboom (1) bring attention to the magnitude of “excess mortality” in the United States. They show that there would have been 400,700 fewer deaths in this country in 2017 had the US sex- and age-specific death rates been comparable to those of five large European countries. To put this number in perspective, they remind us that this is more than the number of the US deaths that have been ascribed to COVID-19 in 2020 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While this comparison with COVID-19 deaths efficiently conveys the magnitude of the annual toll of excess … [↵][1]1Email: heuveline{at}soc.ucla.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Do I Have Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis? Identifying Factors That Distinguish CD from UC and Indeterminate Colitis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are commonly defined as either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. There is substantial overlap, however, in clinical symptoms, genetics, and treatment response between the two. As such, it is not uncommon for your physician to change your diagnosis based on development of new clinical information over time. There are several factors that can help distinguish between the two diseases. In ulcerative colitis, inflammation only occurs in the colon; the area of inflammation is also continuous extending from the anus to an area in the colon where the inflammation ceases and there is normal-appearing colon. Crohn’s disease may also involve only the colon, termed Crohn’s colitis, which makes distinguishing between the two diseases difficult. In patients who have features of both Crohn’s colitis and ulcerative colitis, they are often given the diagnosis of “indeterminate colitis.” Crohn’s disease is more likely; however, if there is inflammation in the small bowel or upper GI tract, the inflammation occurs in a patchy distribution, or a patient has perianal disease (anal fistulas, fissures, or inflamed skin tags). In addition, long-standing bowel inflammation in Crohn’s disease may result in bowel narrowings, termed strictures, or abscesses adjacent to the bowel from connections, termed fistulas. There is also an interesting association between smoking and IBD. Although the majority of patients with Crohn’s disease are nonsmokers, patients who smoke and are diagnosed with IBD are much more likely to have Crohn’s disease, whereas ulcerative colitis is more common in former smokers and nonsmokers.
The evolutionary future of psychopathology

Evolutionary approaches to psychopathology have made considerable progress over the last years. In this paper, I review recent advances in the field focusing on three core themes: the role of trade-offs and conflicts in the origins mental disorders, the evolution of developmental mechanisms, and the emergence of alternative classification systems based on life history theory. I situate these advances in the context of current research in psychopathology, and highlight their connections with other innovative approaches such as developmental psychopathology and computational psychiatry. In total, I argue that evolutionary psychopathology offers an integrative framework for the study of mental disorders, and allows complementary approaches to connect and cross-fertilize.
Detection and quantification capabilities in nuclear analytical measurements

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental concepts underlying detection and quantification capabilities, their algebraic and numerical expression, and their application to problems of practical import—particularly in the context of nuclear analytical measurements. In the graphical representation the “driving force” in this hypothetical example is the ability to detect specific chemical, physical or biological precursors of earthquakes (e.g., radon, elevation shifts, animal behavior) at levels corresponding to earthquakes of magnitude LR and above. Thus LR is the “requisite limit” or maximum acceptable limit for undetected earthquakes; this is driven, in turn, by a maximum acceptable loss to society. In principle, the response of a sensing instrument could be calibrated directly to the Richter scale (earthquake magnitude); alternatively, there could be a two-stage calibration: instrument response–radon concentration, and radon concentration–Richter scale.
A TORNADO CLIMATOLOGY FOR INDIANA

Analysis of data collected between 1950 and 1995 in the state of Indiana indicates that the state experiences an average of nearly 19 tornadoes each year, which occur on approximately 8 or 9 days during an average year. Analysis of storm dimensions indicates that the annual probability of a point location in Indiana being impacted by a tornado is 1.4 × 10-4 per year. The largest number of the more intense tornadoes (F2 and higher) typically occur from March to June, during the afternoon and evening, although tornadoes have been observed in each month of the year and each hour of the day. Inter-annual variability of tornadic events in Indiana is large and may reflect both physical causes (e.g., the variability of cyclone passages or jet stream location) and recording bias (e.g., increased public awareness during the 1950s). Using the data set from Indiana, statistical analyses of the temporal and spatial variability of tornadoes are undertaken. Analyses of tornado reports by county indicate that, in additi...
Is cosmology just a plausibility argument

I review the basis and limitations of plausible inference in cosmology, in particular the limitation that it can only provide fundamentally true inferences when the hypotheses under consideration form a set that is exhaustive. They never do; this recommends abandoning realism. Despite this, we can adopt a scientifically correct pragmatism and understand aspects of the cosmological model with enormous confidence. I illustrate these points with discussion of one certainty--expansion--and two current controversies--the existence of large extra dimensions and the possibility that the matter distribution forms a fractal on large scales. I argue that the existence of large extra dimensions is certainly plausible, but a fractal universe is untenable.
Comparison of urine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization in upper urothelial tract samples

BACKGROUND The cytologic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the upper urothelial tract (UT) is challenging. Using the UroVysion probe set adds diagnostic value for the detection of bladder cancer in voided urine. In instrumented UT specimens, the authors encountered positive UT cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cases that did not demonstrate subsequent UT carcinoma. METHODS The performance of cytology and FISH in the presence or absence of concomitant bladder cancer within 2 years was compared in 61 patients (112 samples) from 2003 through 2009. The mean follow-up was 3.2 years. The authors also compared the performance of near-tetrasomy versus hypertetrasomy. Biopsy confirmation of UTUC in 21 patients was considered the gold standard. RESULTS Cytology alone was found to be poorly sensitive (38%) but highly specific (89%) for the detection of UTUC. FISH was found to increase the sensitivity of cytology and decrease specificity. Tetrasomy FISH resulted in many false-positive cases. Other false-positive FISH results were likely due to the presence of bladder cancer cells contaminating the UT specimen. CONCLUSIONS Caution should be used when evaluating instrumented urine specimens of the UT from patients with a previous history of bladder carcinoma, and tetrasomy FISH results should not be interpreted as abnormal because it significantly lowers the specificity of the test. The combination of cytology and FISH appears to have good specificity while maintaining good sensitivity in evaluating UTUC when using modified scoring criteria for the appropriate patient population. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:459–467. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The Model of Open Systems: Beyond Molecular Biology

Two questions appear to have crystallized in our present Colloquium. First is the question of specialization and generalization. We are all aware that the enormous content, the complex techniques and sophisticated concepts of modern science require specialization. On the other hand, the question arises: Is there nothing common in the sciences—from physics to biology to the social sciences to history—so that the scientific enterprise must remain a bundle of isolated specialities, without connecting link and progressively leading to the type of learned idiot who is perfect in his small field but is ignorant and unaware of the basic problems we call philosophical, and which are of primary concern to man in one of the greatest crises of his history?
Biochemical Measurements of Microbial Mass and Activity from Environmental Samples

Accurate measurement of the mass and activities of environmental microbial assemblies requires methods that differ from those of classical microbiology. Using the leaf-litter detrital microflora recovered after incubationin a semitropical estuary, biochemical assays of multiple components can be made which give reasonably similar estimates of microbial mass, using normalization values from bacterial monocultures. The assays involve recovery of adenosine triphosphate, the unique bacterial cell wall mucopeptide component muramic acid, the uniquely prokaryotic endogenous storage material poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, a series of exoesterase activities, and the extractable lipids, primarily the phospholipids and the glycolipids. If the sampling conditions are such that incorporation of radioisotopes into the microflora is possible, these assays become extraordinarily sensitive. If radioisotope usage can be coupled with the purification of particular lipids, it is possible to gain information on the structure and dynamics of the microbial population.
Decoupling and Pole Assignment in Linear Multivariable Systems: A Geometric ApproachReceived by the editors February 3. 1969, and in revised form June 4. 1969.

This chapter contains sections titled: References Introduction Notation Localization of disturbances Controllability subspaces Decoupling of output variables: Problem statement Deeoupling when rank Decoupling when rank Concluding remark References
Nature of 10−8 s and 10−7 s lifetimes in Al2O3

By using a three-detector lifetime assembly it has been shown that the 10−8 s component τ3 in Al2O3 of various grain sizes is two photons in nature, contrary to the earlier belief that it refers to three-photon events. The results of the three-detector orthopositronium lifetime (τ4) experiment and three-photon energy spectrum experiment in a Ge(Li) detector are complementary and suggest that bigger grain size powders favor more orthopositronium formation. The importance of the three-detector lifetime assembly has been discussed.
Effect of direct x-ray interaction in the photodetector on image noise for a CCD/scintillator system

Digital x-ray imaging detectors for soft x-rays (1 to 50 keV) are significant for medical mammography, dental radiography, microradiography, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray telescope applications. For systems in which a scintillator is optically coupled to a photodetector, a small number of electrons are produced for each interaction in the scintillator (more than 10 e- in well designed systems). However, x-rays interacting directly in the photodetector produce a large charge for each detected event (about 4,700 e- for a 17 keV x-ray absorbed in silicon. These direct interactions can significantly increase image noise even when their interaction probability and contribution to image signal are low. In this paper we report on analytic investigations of the direct and indirect contributions to noise for a system consisting of a CsI scintillator, fiber optic coupler, and CCD photo-detector. The fiber optic coupler is shown to be essential to shield the CCD detector from direct interactions. A 3 mm thick fiber optic coupler is sufficient to eliminate most of the events that can noticeably increase noise.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transurethral prostatectomy complicated by intraperitoneal extravasation of irrigating fluid

A patient underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), which was complicated at the outset of the procedure by an inadvertent puncture wound of the dome of the bladder and the peritoneum. Shortly after resection was initiated, the patient developed shoulder pain and a tensely distended abdomen, although at this time the serum sodium concentration remained normal. Over the next several hours the patient developed significant hyponatremia. The prolonged and gradual time course of this development suggests that fluid and electrolyte shifts occurred via diffusion across the peritoneal membrane. This case illustrates a rare but potentially dangerous complication of TURP that requires recognition prior to initiation of appropriate therapy.
The dynamics of strongly magnetized plasma jets on COBRA

Radial foil implosions on pulsed-power generators [1] can produce strongly collimated plasma jets. The typical ratio of the jet length to its radius is at least 20. These jets have large Reynolds and magnetic Reynolds numbers. Due to favorable scaling [2], they can be considered as a reasonable embodiment of collimated astrophysical plasma jets generated by protostars, planetary nebula or galactic nuclei. However, many of these astrophysical jets seem to strongly diverge near their base while flow collimation occurs much later downstream (e.g. M2-9). Using a set of twisted pins to add a strong axial magnetic field (≫ 10 T) at the base of a jet produced by radial foils, we show that conical plasma jet can be formed consistently and repeatedly on COBRA. While these jets arc strongly divergent at their base, the jet collimates rapidly as the axial magnetic field weakens. Using the 3D PERSEUS code [3], we show that the conical part of the jet is formed by the imposed axial field and the top part of jet, while extremely hollow, is collimated by the same mechanisms ruling non-magnetized plasma jets [4]. Code results are scaled to lengths similar to planetary nebula size and show how scaling affects the plasma dynamics of strongly magnetized plasma jets.
Everybody is doing it: the effects of base rate information on correspondent inferences from violations of perfect and imperfect duties

Abstract Three experiments examined the extent to which people’s correspondent inferences from immoral behaviors are influenced by the base rates of those behaviors. Supporting a theory by Trafimow and Trafimow (1999) , when immoral behaviors violated what Kant termed imperfect duties (duties that people only sometimes have to perform to be moral), then base rates strongly influenced whether correspondent inferences were made. However, if the immoral behaviors violated what Kant termed perfect duties (duties that people always have to perform to be moral), then base rates were significantly less relevant.
Insertion of Molecular Oxygen into a Palladium(II) Methyl Bond: A Radical Chain Mechanism Involving Palladium(III) Intermediates

The reaction of (bipy)PdMe2 (1) (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) with molecular oxygen results in the formation of the palladium(II) methylperoxide complex (bipy)PdMe(OOMe) (2). The identity of the product 2 has been confirmed by independent synthesis. Results of kinetic studies of this unprecedented oxygen insertion reaction into a palladium alkyl bond support the involvement of a radical chain mechanism. Reproducible rates, attained in the presence of the radical initiator 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN), reveal that the reaction is overall first-order (one-half-order in both [1] and [AIBN], and zero-order in [O2]). The unusual rate law (half-order in [1]) implies that the reaction proceeds by a mechanism that differs significantly from those for organic autoxidations and for the recently reported examples of insertion of O2 into Pd(II) hydride bonds. The mechanism for the autoxidation of 1 is more closely related to that found for the autoxidation of main group and early transition metal alkyl comple...
Muscle, Tendon and Joint Models for Computer-Aided Planning of Reconstructive Hand Surgery

A stable wrist position is achieved through a balance of forces in muscles acting around the wrist. If a tendon and/or muscle is disabled or functionally altered in any way the balance is disturbed, usually resulting in impaired position control of the wrist. In some cases the position control of the wrist can be enhanced through a tendon transfer operation. The goal of this project is to provide to those surgeons who are evaluating the rehabilitation potential of a disabled hand, a computer simulation and a dynamic graphic display of the wrist, showing the movements currently available to the individual, and the movements achievable after various tendon transfer operations.
A Case of CPPD Crystal Deposition Disease in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Sclerosis

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease is an inflammatory arthropathy that is defined by the deposition of CPPD crystals in articular and periarticular structures. CPPD crystal deposition disease has various clinical manifestation patterns ranging from an absence of symptoms to a severely destructive arthropathy. CPPD crystal deposition disease very rare with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis. We report a case of CPPD crystal deposition disease combined in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis.
Meeting Information Literacy outcomes: Partnering with faculty to create effective Information Literacy assessment

This paper outlines the attempt by librarians at California State University Channel Islands (CI) to authentically assess the information literacy levels of first-year and third-year students, their partnership with faculty from CI’s writing and rhetoric programme in receiving a grant for this endeavour, the creation of a rubric and specialised assignment to facilitate the assessment process and the initial assessment data that came from the three-year grant period. Information gathered during our pilot study suggests that student information literacy proficiency levels can been determined by assessing student writing assignments, and that a targeted rubric is an effective authentic assessment measure in this endeavour. This study is of use to practising librarians as it highlights the efforts of the authors to partner with faculty, not only in assessing student papers, but also in creating a rubric and specialised bibliography assignment that can be used by librarians and faculty at their institutions. This article is based on a paper presented at LILAC 2011.
High Life: A History of High Altitude Physiology and Medicine

Oxford University Press, £59.50, pp 510 ISBN 0 19 512194 5 Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] “Now,after the hours of torment … I have nothing more to do than breathe, a great peace floods my whole being. I breathe like someone who has run the race of his life and knows that he may now rest for ever …. In my state of spiritual abstraction, I no longer belong to myself and to my eyesight. I am nothing more than a single, narrow, gasping lung, floating over the mists and the summits.” Reinhold Messner's description of the first ascent of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Site-specific drug delivery to CNS: Old and new

Delivery of drugs to specific sites in the CNS represents an essential therapeutic challenge. Extradural administration of opiates successfully delivers drugs to the CNS. The levodopa-carbidopa combination achieved some degree of site-specific delivery by pharmacological methods. Antibiotics have been administered through cannula directly into ventricles. Invasive methods offer the greatest degree of site-specificity.
Substance P-induced inflammatory responses in guinea-pig skin: the effect of specific NK1 receptor antagonists and the role of endogenous mediators.

1. The sensory neuropeptide substance P (SP), when released from sensory nerves, has been implicated in the development of neurogenic inflammation. In the present study, using an in vivo model system, we have characterized and investigated the mechanisms underlying SP-induced leukocyte accumulation and oedema formation in the guinea-pig. 2. Intradermally injected SP (i.d., 10(-13) - 10(-9) mol per site), induced a dose- and time-dependent accumulation of 111In-neutrophils, 111In-eosinophils and oedema formation as measured by the local accumulation of i.v. injected 125I-albumin. The leukocyte accumulation evoked by SP was significant at 10(-10) and 10(-9) mol per site, whereas oedema formation was significant at the lowest dose tested (10(-13) mol per site). 3. The NK1 receptor antagonists, CP-96,345 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) and RP-67,580 (10 micrograms per site, i.d.), significantly attenuated the oedema formation induced by the lower doses of SP. Oedema formation and leukocyte accumulation induced by 10(-9) mol per site SP were unaffected by either antagonist. 4. SP-elicited responses were not significantly affected by the platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist, UK-74,505 (2.5 mg kg-1, i.v.) or the H1 histamine receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine (10(-8) mol per site, i.d.). However, the 111In-eosinophil accumulation, but not the 111In-neutrophil accumulation or oedema formation, induced by SP was significantly inhibited by the specific 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, ZM-230,487 (10(-8) mol per site, i.d.). 5. The accumulation of both 111 In-neutrophils and 111 In-eosinophils induced by SP was abolished in guinea-pigs treated i.v. with an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody 6.5E F(ab')2 (2.5 mg kg-1). The oedema response was unaffected in these animals.6. These results suggest that SP-induced inflammatory events may be mediated via two mechanisms involving NK1 receptor-dependent and independent pathways. Oedema formation induced by the lower doses of SP may be mediated via the direct activation of NK1 receptors whilst, at higher doses, oedema formation and leukocyte accumulation may be mediated via the release of secondary mediators, possibly mast cell derived, with 5-LO products playing an important role in the leukocyte infiltration. The leukocyte accumulation, but not the oedema induced by SP, is dependent on the expression of the CD18antigen on leukocytes.
Activation of human T cells with the physiological regulator of protein kinase C.

Abstract We investigated whether, sn -1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (diC 8 ) activates highly purified human T cells. diC 8 's signaling activity was also compared with that of 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). diC 8 and ionomycin were synergistic in promoting T-cell proliferation. The proliferative response was dependent upon an operational interleukin-2 (IL-2) system and exhibited a high degree of specificity; sn -1,2-diC 8 was twice as active as racemic-1,2-diC 8 , and diC 8 and TPA were not synergistic, diC 8 's signaling activity differed from that of TPA. diC 8 , unlike TPA, failed to elicit IL-2 receptors or proliferation, independently of ionomycin. diC 8 also failed to promote the proliferation of T cells signaled with anti-CD3 or -CD2 monoclonal antibodies. Two different inhibitors of PKC, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine or staurosporine, inhibited T-cell proliferation induced with diC 8 and ionomycin, but not with TPA and ionomycin. These observations, in addition to demonstrating the differential activity of diC 8 and TPA, document a signaling role for diacylglycerol in the activation of normal T cells.
Suspension flow past a cylinder: particle interactions with recirculating wakes

Experimental observations of the flow of a suspension of solid fraction over a circular cylindrical post in a shallow microchannel (depth smaller than the cylinder radius) find that the recirculating wake behind the obstacle at moderate Reynolds numbers is depleted or devoid of particles. Particles injected into the wake exit to regain the depleted state. By numerical simulation of the discrete particle motion, the basis for the depletion behind the cylinder is studied; rather than a shallow channel, the numerical simulations consider a periodic domain, mimicking the flow past an infinite cylinder. The Reynolds number is defined, using the average axial velocity , diameter of the obstacle and the kinematic viscosity of the suspension , as , and is studied for in the simulation – conditions for which the pure fluid exhibits an extended steady closed-streamline (recirculating) wake behind the cylinder; unsteadiness is found to be suppressed by the channel walls in the experiments, allowing steady flow at a larger than expected for an infinite cylinder (up to at least ). The simulations use the lattice-Boltzmann method to determine the motion of the fluid and neutrally buoyant particles. The trajectory of a single particle (small relative to the cylinder) shows migration to a limit cycle inside the wake. With an increase of the number of particles in the wake alone (no particles in the free stream), particles can escape the wake due to velocity fluctuations. Simulation of the flow of suspensions of and 0.08 demonstrates that there is particle exchange between the wake and the free stream; the net flux of particles out of the wake leads to a particle-depleted wake, qualitatively very similar to the experimental observation.
Neuropeptide Y receptors involved in calcium channel regulation in PC12 cells

Our laboratory has previously used NGF-differentiated PC12 cells as a sympathetic neuronal model to investigate the effects of NPY on catecholamine synthesis and release. We have additionally used these cells to demonstrate the NPY-induced inhibition of Ca2+ channels which was suggested by those studies. In the present work, multiple NPY, PYY, and PP analogs are utilized to further define the receptor subtypes involved in this Ca2+ channel modulation. We find that in PC12 cells NPY and PP modulate Ca2+ channels through Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 receptors. In addition, we show that these receptors are differentially coupled to N, L, and non-N, non-L Ca2+ channel subtypes. The results of the present study in combination with our previous investigations demonstrate an intriguing and complex role for NPY and PP in the modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission.
NMR, magnetism and Mössbauer effect in icosahedral Al63Cu24.5Fe12.5 — a thermodynamically stable quasi-periodic alloy

We report results of 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetism and iron-site Mossbauer experiments on the thermodynamically stable and “perfectly” quasicrystalline icosahedral alloy Al63Cu24.5Fe12.5. NMR experiments were performed at 11.10, 17.8 and 45.7 MHz and at temperatures as low as 50 K. Magnetization was measured at 295, 100 and 5 K, while iron site Mossbauer was measured at 295 and 4.2 K. We find very small NMR Knight shifts and long relaxation times that we interpret as consistent with a pseudo-gap in the density of states near the Fermi level. NMR line shapes in AlCuFe do not show quadrupolar structure consistent with a single aluminum site. We report results of numerical simulations that effectively reproduce the features and trends in observed line shapes by means of a broad distribution of electric field gradients (EFGs) at aluminum sites. Our magnetization and Mossbauer effect experiments show that there is a very small fraction of the material that is magnetically ordered at low temperatures. This magnetic behavior was only observed well below the lowest temperature of NMR experiments and cannot be responsible for the broad NMR lines. Iron-site Mossbauer lines show significant broadening characteristic of a distribution of EFGs that is qualitatively similar to that indicated for the aluminum site.
Authority Control with a Standalone Program

The OCLC Terminal Software SaveScreen function allows M300 Workstation users to save records appearing on the monitor to machine‐readable files. The staff of Xavier University Libraries have created several microcomputer programs to process these files. Perhaps the most unusual of these is the program that manipulates authority and reference records.
Effects of natural and anthropogenic gradients on native and exotic winter annuals in a southern California Desert

Native annual plant species constitute a large proportion of the plant diversity found in arid vegetation types within the southwestern United States; yet, little is known about controls on diversity patterns along natural and anthropogenic gradients. In this study we evaluated native species richness and exotic species cover across overlapping gradients of precipitation, wind, and N deposition in the Colorado Desert of southern California. Factors allowing native diversity to persist under high N deposition and high wind were also evaluated in a second, focused study at one end of the gradient. We found that gradients in precipitation, nitrogen deposition, and wind were the most important factors to native richness and exotic species cover across the landscape, while local heterogeneity in bare ground influenced richness and cover at the high deposition/windy, or high-disturbance, end of the gradient. Patterns of native diversity were evaluated across the gradients using non-metric multidimensional scaling, which showed diversity was split into two axes: one strongly correlated to precipitation and the other strongly correlated with disturbance factors. The disturbance factors were also positively associated with exotic grass and forb cover. In total, these results indicate that large-scale patterns in disturbance and exotic species cover negatively affect native annual plant species diversity but native species can also persist due to local heterogeneity.
A theory for the scalar roughness and the scalar transfer coefficients over snow and sea ice

Although the bulk aerodynamic transfer coefficients for sensible (CH) and latent (CE) heat over snow and sea ice surfaces are necessary for accurately modeling the surface energy budget, they have been measured rarely. This paper, therefore, presents a theoretical model that predicts neutral-stability values of CH and CE as functions of the wind speed and a surface roughness parameter. The crux of the model is establishing the interfacial sublayer profiles of the scalars, temperature and water vapor, over aerodynamically smooth and rough surfaces on the basis of a surface-renewal model in which turbulent eddies continually scour the surface, transferring scalar contaminants across the interface by molecular diffusion. Matching these interfacial sublayer profiles with the semi-logarithmic inertial sublayer profiles yields the roughness lengths for temperature and water vapor. When coupled with a model for the drag coefficient over snow and sea ice based on actual measurements, these roughness lengths lead to the transfer coefficients. CE is always a few percent larger than CH. Both decrease monotonically with increasing wind speed for speeds above 1 m s−1, and both increase at all wind speeds as the surface gets rougher. Both, nevertheless, are almost always between 1.0 × 10−3 and 1.5 × 10−3.
Crown characteristics of juvenile loblolly pine 6 years after application of thinning and fertilization

Abstract Total foliage dry mass and leaf area at the canopy hierarchical level of needle, shoot, branch and crown were measured in 48 trees harvested from a 14-year-old loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) plantation, six growing seasons after thinning and fertilization treatments. In the unthinned treatment, upper crown needles were heavier and had more leaf area than lower crown needles. Branch- and crown-level leaf area of the thinned trees increased 91 and 109%, respectively, and whole-crown foliage biomass doubled. The increased crown leaf area was a result of more live branches and foliated shoots and larger branch sizes in the thinned treatment. Branch leaf area increased with increasing crown depth from the top to the mid-crown and decreased towards the base of the crown. Thinning stimulated foliage growth chiefly in the lower crown. At the same crown depth in the lower crown, branch leaf area was greater in the thinned treatment than in the unthinned treatment. Maximum leaf area per branch was located nearly 3–4 m below the top of the crown in the unthinned treatment and 4–5 m in the thinned treatment. Leaf area of the thinned-treatment trees increased 70% in the upper crown and 130% in the lower crown. Fertilization enhanced needle size and leaf area in the upper crown, but had no effect on leaf area and other variables at the shoot, branch and crown level. We conclude that the thinning-induced increase in light penetration within the canopy leads to increased branch size and crown leaf area. However, the branch and crown attributes have little response to fertilization and its interaction with thinning.
The Effect of Need for Achievement on Learning and Speed of Performance

(1952). The Effect of Need for Achievement on Learning and Speed of Performance. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 31-40.
Verbal versus physical aggression in Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is the only adult psychiatric diagnosis for which pathological aggression is primary. DSM-IV criteria focused on physical aggression, but Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) allows for an IED diagnosis in the presence of frequent verbal aggression with or without concurrent physical aggression. It remains unclear how individuals with verbal aggression differ from those with physical aggression with respect to cognitive-affective deficits and psychosocial functioning. The current study compared individuals who met IED criteria with either frequent verbal aggression without physical aggression (IED-V), physical aggression without frequent verbal aggression (IED-P), or both frequent verbal aggression and physical aggression (IED-B) as well as a non-aggressive personality-disordered (PD) comparison group using behavioral and self-report measures of aggression, anger, impulsivity, and affective lability, and psychosocial impairment. Results indicate all IED groups showed increased anger/aggression, psychosocial impairment, and affective lability relative to the PD group. The IED-B group showed greater trait anger, anger dyscontrol, and aggression compared to the IED-V and IED-P groups. Overall, the IED-V and IED-P groups reported comparable deficits and impairment. These results support the inclusion of verbal aggression within the IED criteria and suggest a more severe profile for individuals who engage in both frequent verbal arguments and repeated physical aggression.