cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-11-02: Predictors of complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: 19,310 cases from the national cancer database treated in 2010 and 2011

Background: Complete pathological response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer indicates an excellent prognosis and may influence subsequent local or systemic treatment. However it is not clear which patients should undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: The National Cancer Database is a joint project of the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons and the American Cancer Society and contains about 80% of the cancer cases in the United States. Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in 2010 and 2011 were identified and the pathological response was compared across multiple demographic and tumor associated variables. Complete pathological response (pCR) was defined as no invasive cancer remaining in the breast or lymph nodes at the time of subsequent surgery. Results: Out of 334,447 cases of breast cancer diagnosed in 2010 and 2011, 29,534 (8.8%) underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This included 2052 (6.9%) who also received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and 616 (2.1%) who also received neoadjuvant radiation therapy. The pathological response was known for 19,310 (65%) and 6244 (32%) had a complete response (pCR), 11,522 (60%) had a partial response, and 1544 (8%) had no response. In logistic regression analysis, demographic and tumor related variables were significant (p Conclusions: These data can be used to construct a nomogram that estimates the chance of pCR based on patient age, tumor histology, grade, molecular type, clinical T stage, and clinical N stage. This may be useful to help select suitable candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Format: Vicky Q Yang, Gang Han, Sarah S Mougalian, Brigid K Killelea, Nina Horowitz, Anees B Chagpar, Brandon Hayse, Lajos Pusztai, Donald R Lannin. Predictors of complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: 19,310 cases from the national cancer database treated in 2010 and 2011 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-11-02.
The Relationship of Restless Legs Syndrome to History of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Abstract Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a burdensome sleep disorder, has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, and related disorders. However, the relationship of RLS to history of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), a predictor of subsequent CVD, diabetes, and associated conditions, remains little explored. In this study, we investigated the relationship of RLS to history of PIH in a sample of primary care patients. Methods: Participants were women aged ≥40 years drawn from an anonymous survey study of West Virginia primary care patients. Data collected included detailed information on demographics, lifestyle factors, sleep patterns, and reproductive/medical history; the survey also included an RLS diagnostic questionnaire. Women who were pregnant or unsure about their pregnancy status were excluded from the analyses. Results: Of the 498 participants in the final analytic sample, 24.5% met diagnostic criteria for RLS (17.9% with symptoms ≥once/week, 11.9%...
Wettability control of stainless steel surfaces via evolution of intrinsic grain structures

Wettability control of stainless steel surfaces has wide applicability due to the extensive use of stainless steels in industries that handle liquids. However, previous studies to achieve hydrophobicity on stainless steel surfaces rely on artificial roughness by added particles and residue formation that could compromise mechanical stability of the modified surface. In this study, water-repellent stainless steel surfaces were fabricated via the controlled topographical enhancement of intrinsic grain structures to achieve the required surface roughness. Electrochemical etching was used to control the relative etch rate between grains and grain boundaries by applying an anodic potential to stainless steel 316 (SS316). At low potential (1.2 V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode), high selectivity between grain and grain boundary etching was observed, which resulted in significant etching at grain boundaries and smooth top grain surfaces. Morphologies with significant microscale roughness, and slight nanoscale roughness, were achieved with intermediate applied potentials (1.3–1.5 V). As the potential increased further (1.8 V), etch selectivity decreased and yielded microscopically smooth surfaces with sponge-like nanoscale roughness; at even higher potentials (2.4 V), electro-polishing was observed with surfaces that are smooth at the nanoscale. Based upon the relationship between anodic potential and topography, we designed a nano/microscale hierarchical SS316 surface by a two-step electrochemical etching combining low and high anodic potentials. The hierarchical SS316 surface resulted in a water contact angle of 137.5 ± 5.0°. Plasma-assisted deposition of a fluorocarbon film further reduced the wettability, with a contact angle of 163.9 ± 1.2° and a roll-off angle of 10.7 ± 1.8° for 4 μL water droplets, thereby rendering the modified SS316 surfaces superhydrophobic. Due to the inherently robust intrinsic grain structure of SS, we expect that this simple approach to generate water-repellent SS316 surfaces will display improved mechanical robustness relative to previous approaches.
Automatic decidability

We give a set of inference rules with constant constraints. Then we show how to extend a set of equational clauses, so that if the application of these inference rules halts on these clauses, then the theory is decidable by applying a standard set of Paramodulation inference rules. In addition, we can determine the number of clauses generated in this decision procedure. For some theories, such as the theory of lists, there are 0(n /spl times/ lg(n)) clauses. For others it is polynomial. And for others it is simply exponential such as the theory of (extensional) arrays.
Geospatial Soil and Plant Tissue Analysis of Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) Invasion around Lake Issaqueena, South Carolina

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) as well as soil and landscape characteristics that correlate with its invasion. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to determine the pattern of invasion and to quantify landscape metrics. Sericea lespedeza was distributed on both sides of the lake in Pacolet and Madison soil map units (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) on average slopes of 17.5%. It was common along roads and trails with a preferred mean canopy cover of <50%. Plant tissue analysis revealed statistically higher concentrations of macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) and selected micronutrients in leaves compared to stems and roots. Micronutrients copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) were significantly higher in stems and roots. Soil analysis results showed no statistical difference between control...
Toxicity of Washings from Hemophilus pertussis for Mice.

SummaryA heat-labile substance, toxic for young mice has been obtained by washing suspensions of freshly isolated strains of Hemophilus pertussis with 0.85% NaCl solution. Both the lethal and the skin-reacting factors of the toxic substance can be neutralized by antitoxin but not by antibacterial rabbit sera.
Summary Report on Worldwide Antibiotic Resistance: International Task Forces on Antibiotic Use

ine the issue in depth. In 1983 it brought together a group of 25 individuals from various national and international organizations, including the World Health Organization, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Food and Drug Administration. Upon the advice of this group, task forces were established to acquire a data base on worldwide antibiotic use and to survey the global problem of antibiotic resistance. These groups consisted of internationally recognized experts from academia, the pharmaceutical industry, foundations, and governmental agencies. The data base, in the form of reports to be prepared by six task forces, will be reviewed as part of the agenda for an international symposium on antibiotics, scheduled for March 18-20, 1986, at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. Antibiotic resistance has been recognized for many years as a significant problem [1-4], and the contributing causes of that problem will be examined. For purposes of cross-comparisons, 30 representative nations were selected as sources for data. Each of the 12-member task forces will complete its report by September 1985. An interim progress report, outlined in September 1984, is presented here.
Communication types

Indirect naming of processes in the distributed message communication can be achieved either by introducing channels or ports (channel oriented scheme) or by using process variables (process oriented scheme). The communication type is introduced on top of the process oriented scheme in order to achieve the same degree of static checking on legitimate communication between processes as the channel oriented scheme. This can be done without introducing a passive shared object in the language semantics which is a major disadvantage of the channel oriented scheme, in a distributed message communication environment.
Comparison of Triple-redundancy,Dual-redundancy and None-redundancy Working Modes of Excitation Regulators

By means of calculation of the failure probability of the triple-redundancy,dual-redundancy and none-redundancy working modes of excitation regulators,this paper compares the probabilities of correct regulation for normal operation,partly refused operation and completely refused operation,and indicates the advantages and disadvantages of the triple-redundancy excitation regulator. On this basis,the improvement suggestion is made,which can be taken as a reference for type selection and design.
Ruthenium-106 in the Black Sea

Profiles of Chernobyl 106Ru and137 Cs were obtained at margin and interior sites in the Black Sea between 1986 and 1988. The data show a vertical separation in the activity distributions of these two tracers. Ruthenium-106 is found at depths below the Chernobyl 137Cs, indicating that 106Ru is removed via particle scavenging processes, unlike the Cs isotopes which serve primarily as tracers of physical mixing. In 1988, more detailed measurements at depths near the oxic/anoxic interface suggest that a subsurface maximum in 106Ru occurs at the same depth as the paniculate Mn maximum above oxygen zero, with perhaps a secondary peak below. Inventory calculations indicate that while 106Ru has been significantly scavenged from the upper 50m, the net loss of 106Ru from the upper 200m has been relatively small since its input in 1986. This implies that substantial 106RU is remineralized from sinking particles, and returns to the dissolved pool, thus limiting net export and increasing the apparent residence time of Ru. Relatively high deep water 106Ru inventories (50% of total) suggest that a substantial fraction of the 106Ru transient tracer reaches the deep waters as a pulse shortly after delivery. This is analogous to what has been seen for the weapons testing fallout radionuclide, 239,240Pu.
Latino political participation in the Texas Panhandle, 1980–2010

ABSTRACTSince the institution of the Bracero Program in 1942, Latinos (mostly Mexicans) journeyed to the United States in search of temporary manual labor. This economically driven migration continued after the termination of the Bracero Program in 1964 as Latinos from Mexico and South Texas searched for employment opportunities. The Latino population in the Texas Panhandle grew from 173,000 in 1980 to 340,000 in 2010. This new Latino population settled in counties that were predominantly Anglo and replaced some of the departing Anglos who looked for better jobs, mainly in the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex. This substantial shift in the ethnic composition of the region’s population resulted in a restructuring of the labor market and notable imprints to the cultural landscape. Over the years, Latinos have slowly begun to participate in city and county politics. This quantitative study investigated the impact of Latino migration and population increase on Latino political participation in the Texas Panhandle.
Effect of therapeutic targeting of EMP2 on breast and endometrial cancer stem cells.

3080 Background: There is increasing evidence that tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. In breast and endometrial cancers, metastatic...
Coleridge the Plagiarist

As detailed above, Henry Nelson Coleridge and the other literary executors managed De Quincey’s plagiarism charge in 1834 with a combination of partial acknowledgement of the charge and an attack on its source—the erratic De Quincey. They had found themselves in the unenviable position of having to defend Coleridge’s reputation at a point where it was far from secure. Luckily, Henry had an immediate opportunity to address the crisis and acknowledge these ‘debts’ in his Introduction to the second edition of the Table Talk, and thus limit the damage. The acknowledgement, via the interpolation of Hare’s essay, argued that while the passages were indeed Schelling’s work, and they were unacknowledged as such, they were nonetheless produced either through an innocent scholarly practice (keeping ideas in informal notebooks) or excusable through the mitigation of Coleridge’s footnote on the coincidence of his and Schelling’s thought. And, Henry had the advantage of simply following De Quincey’s reasoning, that despite the fact that Biographia Literaria included a ‘verbatim translation from Schelling’ Coleridge was nonetheless ‘as entirely original ... as any one man that ever existed’.
Effect of electric field on carrier escape mechanisms in quantum dot intermediate band solar cells

Carrier escape and recombination from quantum dot (QD) states reduce the probability of two-step photon absorption (TSPA) by decreasing the available carrier population in the intermediate band (IB). In order to optimize the second photon absorption for future designs of quantum dot embedded intermediate band solar cells, the presented study combined the results of simulations and experiments to quantify the effect of electric field on the barrier height and the carrier escape from the QDs in InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells with five-layer QD superlattices. The electric field dependent effective barrier heights for ground state electrons were calculated using eight band k·p theory at short circuit conditions. With an increase in electric field surrounding the QDs from 5 kV/cm to 50 kV/cm, the effective barrier height of the ground state electrons was reduced from 147 meV to 136 meV, respectively. Thus, the increasing electric field not only exponentially enhances the ground state electron tunneling rate...
Understanding the Effects of Electrode Formulation on the Mechanical Strength of Composite Electrodes for Flexible Batteries

Flexible lithium-ion batteries are necessary for powering the next generation of wearable electronic devices. In most designs, the mechanical flexibility of the battery is improved by reducing the thickness of the active layers, which in turn reduces the areal capacity and energy density of the battery. The performance of a battery depends on the electrode composition, and in most flexible batteries, standard electrode formulation is used, which is not suitable for flexing. Even with considerable efforts made toward the development of flexible lithium-ion batteries, the formulation of the electrodes has received very little attention. In this study, we investigate the relation between the electrode formulation and the mechanical strength of the electrodes. Peel and drag tests are used to compare the adhesion and cohesion strength of the electrodes. The strength of an electrode is sensitive to the particle size and the choice of polymeric binder. By optimizing the electrode composition, we were able to fab...
Personality factors and flow affecting opinion leadership in social media

Abstract This study examines the personality traits of people who tend to engage in social media as opinion leaders in the context of the travel industry. Specifically, we investigate the extent to which openness, exhibitionism, and competence in interpersonal relationships and flow experience affect the propensity of opinion leadership (OLP) and opinion leadership behavior (OLB). The proposed model was tested with two significant populations in social media, Generation X and Generation Y. The results indicate that openness, exhibitionism, and competence in interpersonal relationships significantly increase OLP. We also find that flow experience (i.e., playfulness and time distortion) strengthens the relationship between OLP and OLB. While the model holds true for both populations, the results show that the role of exhibitionism in OLP is more pronounced for Generation X than Generation Y.
Evolution of wave spectra in mound-channel wetland systems

Abstract Wetlands characterized by vegetation growing in patches, separated by non-vegetated open spaces (channels), widely exist in coastal regions. Since wave energy is an important factor that influences shoreline and wetland stability and causes damage, understanding wave-spectrum evolution in such patchy vegetation is essential to minimizing erosion and coastal hazards. Here, we conducted a numerical investigation on the evolution of irregular waves across various frequency components in mound-channel wetland systems. Simulations with a Boussinesq model showed the impact of patchy vegetation on wave energy was both frequency- and space-dependent. Energy amplification was induced by mound channel wetland systems in specific harmonics and locations. Compared with uniform bathymetry, patchy vegetation on the tops of mounds also influences wave shoaling and nonlinear interaction, intensifying wave energy transfer toward the higher harmonics. This phenomenon became more pronounced for the longer-period incident waves. With increasing incident wave period, mound-channel wetland systems had different impacts on the dominant-frequency and high-harmonic energy; attenuation of the dominant-frequency energy decreased with longer incident periods, while the trend in the high-harmonic energy reversed. This study provides insight regarding wave attenuation by wetlands when there is spatial variability in the wetland configuration. The reduced dominant wave energy by both attenuation and energy transfer may influence sediment transport in mound-channel wetland systems, which is related to long-term stability of shorelines and coastal wetlands.
On Scientific Research: The Role of Statistical Modeling and Hypothesis Testing

University of Rhode Island Comments on Rodgers (2010a, 2010b) and Robinson and Levin (2010) are presented. Rodgers (2010a) initially reported on a growing trend towards more mathematical and statistical modeling; and a move away from null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). He defended and clarified those views in his sequel. Robinson and Levin argued against the perspective espoused by Rodgers and called for more research using experimentally manipulated interventions and less emphasis on correlational research and ill-founded prescriptive statements. In this response, the goal of science and major scientific approaches are discussed as well as their strengths and shortcomings. Consideration is given to how their recent articles intersect or differ on these points. A summary and suggestions are provided regarding how to move forward with scientific inferences. Key words: Scientific inference, statistical modeling, null hypothesis significance testing. Introduction The Focus of Science The study and practice of science is complex and encompasses various approaches and methods. Central to all of science is the Lisa L. Harlow is a Professor in the Department of Psychology. Dr. Harlow is Past President for the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology, Editor of the Multivariate Application Book Series, Associate Editor for
Molecular Detection of Haemosporidian Parasites of Birds in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kuwait

Abstract A molecular surveillance of haemosporidian parasites from 19,521 Culex pipiens (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kuwait detected 2 pools with a unique Haemoproteus (Haemoproteus) sp. (Haemospororida: Haemoproteidae) most likely parasitizing columbiform birds and probably representing contaminated blood meals or aborted infections in mosquitoes. Haemoproteus spp. have been previously reported in Kuwait based on microscopic examination of avian blood smears. This paper reports on molecular detection and subgenus-level identification of a novel Haemoproteus (Haemoproteus) sp. Mosquitoes are not known as vectors of Haemoproteus (Haemoproteus) spp., and this agent is most likely transmitted by ornithophilic Hippoboscidae, such as Pseudolynchia canariensis Bequaert. No other haemosporidian parasites were detected.
Comparing Interval Management Control Laws for Steady-State Errors and String Stability

Interval Management (IM) is a future airborne spacing concept that leverages avionics to provide speed guidance to an aircraft to achieve and maintain a specified spacing interval from another aircraft. The design of a speed control law to achieve the spacing goal is a key aspect in the research and development of the IM concept. In this paper, two control laws that are used in much of the contemporary IM research are analyzed and compared to characterize steady-state errors and string stability. Numerical results are used to illustrate how the choice of control laws gains impacts the size of steady-state errors and string performance and the potential trade-offs between those performance characteristics.
A first principles study of commonly observed planar defects in Ti/TiB system

Abstract TiB exhibits a hexagonal cross-section with growth faults on (1 0 0) planes and contains B27-Bf bicrystals. The hexagonal cross-section is presently explained by surface free energy minimization principle. We show that interfacial energy calculations explain the longer (1 0 0) facet compared to (1 0 1) type facets whereas free surface energy arguments do not provide the true picture. No quantitative explanation of stacking faults and B27-Bf interfaces in TiB exists. We show that the low formation energy of stacking faults and B27-Bf interfaces explain their abundance. The low energy barrier for Bf formation is shown to be responsible for their presence in TiB.
EFFECT OF ELECTROLYTES ON AMINE TRANSPORT AND RELEASE MECHANISMS IN NERVE ENDINGS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses effect of electrolytes on amine transport and release mechanisms in nerve endings. The presence or absence of extracellular electrolytes has a profound effect on the retention of bound amine. The rate of depletion of bound NE from rat heart slices or synaptosomes is greatly stimulated by a medium deficient only in Na + . In both preparations, a K + -free medium containing Na + has a much smaller effect. The profound effect of a Na + -deficient medium might be of importance in terms of the reversed extracellular/intracellular Na + -gradient which might energize outward transport of intraneuronal amine. To test this hypothesis, the electrolyte composition of the cytosol of nerve endings was modified by prolonged immersion of the tissue, in a modified Krebs-bicarbonate solution containing 1% of the usual [Ca 2+ ] and [Mg 2+ ] and 10% of the dextrose, at 0°C. Usually the predominant electrolyte was Na + , but Na + was sometimes replaced by choline + , Li + or K + . It was observed that the rate of efflux of NE from slices incubated in a Na + -free (choline + ) medium was most rapid if the slices were previously autodialysed with a high [Na + ].
A probabilistic model of plan recognition

Plan-recognition requires the construction of possible plans which could explain a set of observed actions, and then selecting one or more of them as providing the belt explanation. In this paper we present a formal model of the latter process based upon probability theory. Our model consists of a knowledge-base of facts about the world expressed in a first-order language, and rules for using that knowledge-base to construct a Bayesian network. The network is then evaluated to find the plans with the highest probability.
How similar are objects and events

Semanticists often assume an ontology for natural language that includes not only ordinary objects, but also events, and other sorts of entities. We link this ontology to how speakers represent static and dynamic entities. Specifically, we test how speakers determine whether an entity counts as “atomic” by using count vs. mass (e.g., some gleebs, some gleeb) and distributive vs. non-distributive descriptions (e.g., gleeb every second or so, gleeb around a little). We then seek evidence for atomic representation in a non-linguistic task. Ultimately we suggest that natural language ontology reveals properties of language-independent conceptualization.
The Evidence in Evidentialism

Here I present a challenge for evidentialists, one I argue they cannot meet. The challenge is to explain the crucial notion of having supporting evidence in a way that is not only acceptable on its own, but acceptable when conjoined with evidentialism. This challenge asks the evidentialist to go beyond just sounding right. In Sect. 3.1, I consider the prospects for answering the challenge by taking what I call the evidence-first approach. Under this approach, having evidence supporting a proposition is explained in terms of there being evidence supporting the proposition. I argue that evidentialists taking this approach face a dilemma: embrace regress or embrace self-support, both of which I argue are seriously problematic. In Sect. 3.2, I consider the options for evidentialists if they abandon the evidence-first approach. I argue that it is more difficult than might initially appear to avoid the “regress or self-support” dilemma, and that the price for avoiding it is depriving oneself of the ability to explain how cases of both immediate and mediate justification involve the same unitary phenomenon of having supporting evidence.
Assay Development and Storage for Fluorescence-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay

Point-of-care medical diagnostics can provide efficient, cost-effective medical care, and have the potential to fundamentally change our current approach to global health. There have been substantial efforts in developing lateral flow assays for serologic testing, but most of the existing approaches have limited portability, are expensive, and offer limited analytical sensitivity. In this paper, we demonstrated an assay for the detection of antibodies in plasma to Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1) protein and optimization of the assay including washing and blocking conditions. We also investigated the effect of the storage on the assay strips. Using our optimized conditions, we were able to detect anti-Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-16 E7 antibodies after three weeks of storage. Our goal is to adapt this system to detect HPV biomarkers for cervical cancers in low and middle-income countries.
Multi-modal prosthetic fingertip sensor with proximity, contact, and force localization capabilities:

The lack of sensory feedback provided by prosthetic hands dramatically limits the utility of the device. Peripheral nerve interfaces are now able to produce stable somatosensory percepts for upper ...
Optically Detecting Acoustic Oscillations at the Nanoscale: Exploring Techniques Suitable for Studying Elastic Wave Propagation

Nanoacoustics is the study of acoustic wave propagation on a submicron scale. Research in this area is motivated by fundamental [1] and technological interests [2]. On the fundamental side, nanoscale objects can provide information about the impact of size, geometry, and surface conditions on elastic properties, elastic energy dissipation, and the validity of continuum mechanics models close to the atomic scale. On the technological side, high-frequency (MHz-THz) nanomechanical oscillators and nanoelectromechanical systems are promising tools for electromechanical computers and information storage, sensors for ultraweak chemicals and biological agents and ultralow forces and masses, radio frequency mobile phone f ilters, and artificial brains for self-aware autonomous vehicles. Furthermore, acoustic microscopy techniques [3]-[6] that rely on elastic waves with nanoscale wavelengths have great potential for materials characterization, failure analysis, and nondestructive imaging of 3D integrated structures with nanoscale scale spatial resolution. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which propagate in the near surface of a material with mechanical oscillations confined to a fraction of their wavelength from the surface, have nanoscale wavelengths at frequencies in the hundreds-of-GHz range. The nanoscale confinement of these elastic waves can facilitate studies of ultrasonic properties of individual grain boundaries in nanocrystalline materials [7], applicable to material fracture and nanoscale thermal transport [8].
Physician-Reported Experience and Understanding of Adverse Event Attribution in Cancer Clinical Trials.

Abstract Objectives To report the results of a survey conducted among Mayo Clinic medical oncologists, hematologists, and cancer prevention specialists to better understand the current practice of determining whether an adverse event that a patient experience in a clinical trial is related to the drug under investigation, a process commonly known as attribution, as well as to formulate recommendations for an improved system. Patients and Methods An electronic survey was developed and conducted (from August 2 through 29, 2017) among 165 medical oncologists, hematologists, and cancer prevention specialists at the 3 Mayo Clinic sites: Rochester, Minnesota; Scottsdale, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida. The survey included 21 items that queried clinicians about their clinical practice and trial experience, their training and process in adverse event attribution assignment, and their recommendations for improving the current attribution system. Results Thirty-seven percent (61 of 165) of physicians responded to the survey. The median number of years in clinical practice was 15 (range, 1-64) and that of clinical trial experience 12. Eighty-nine percent (54 of 61) had served as a trial principal investigator. Only 15% (9 of 60) of responders reported having received any formal attribution training. Eighty percent (48 of 60) were confident about their ability to assign attribution. Seventy-five percent (45 of 60) consulted their colleagues or study chair when assigning attribution. Sixty-seven percent (40 of 60) recommended formal training to improve attribution accuracy. Conclusion Very few clinical trialists in our survey received any formal training for adverse event attribution, yet most identified formal training as effective means to improve attribution accuracy. These data underscore an unmet need of formal adverse event attribution training among clinical trialists.
A longitudinal comparison of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and clinical parameters in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia.

Elevated titers to the Epstein-Barr virus have previously been reported in a number of lymphoproliferative diseases, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, and Hodgkin’s disease. This study also demonstrates a significantly higher titer against EBV in a group of patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disease (CLL) than in a group of patients with chronic myeloproliferative disease (CML) or normal individuals. No significant antibody changes were detected in the 20 CML patients or 23 of the 24 CLL patients who were followed for a period of time up to 5 yr. It appears that the elevated EBV titers seen in patients with CLL reflect an event or process occurring prior to the onset of disease or in the very early stages rather than a nonspecific rise paralleling the increase in total-body lymphocytes.
Volitional Change in Adult Attachment: Can People Who Want to Become Less Anxious and Avoidant Move Closer Towards Realizing Those Goals?

People value relationships and want to relate to both friends and romantic partners in a secure and comfortable fashion. But can individuals move towards realizing this goal of their own volition? ...
Patterns and social determinants of substance use among Arizona Youth: A latent class analysis approach

Abstract Background Substance use among youth often involves multiple types of substances. Little is known about how the use of common, lower-risk substances (e.g., alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana) co-occur with the less common and higher-risk substances (e.g., opioids and methamphetamine). Objectives This study aims to identify distinctive substances use patterns and investigate the multi-level factors associated with substance use patterns under the social determinants of health framework. Methods This study used data from the 2016 Arizona Youth Survey (n = 30,187). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the patterns based on 15 types of substances. We used multinomial logistical regression to explore the correlates of substance use classification. Results We identified a five-group model: (1) Serious Users, (2) Moderate Users, (3) Non-progressive Users, (4) Common Substance Users, (5) Abstainers. We found that variables at the individual, peers, family, school, and community levels were associated with the group membership. Conclusions/Importance The findings advanced knowledge about key eco-systemic factors and their role as predictors of substance use patterns. Examining the predictors at multi-levels also provided a strong foundation for the design of future interventions.
Esne Igitur Ciceronianus? Metaphors in Sallust and Cicero

Sallust’s relationship with Cicero has for the most part been characterized as antagonistic: the historian devoted a monograph to the Catilinarian Conspiracy which would not have met the orator’s approval (s. SCHMAL 55-57 for a summary); in embracing Thucydides as a model he opposed Cicero who had discouraged aspiring Roman historians from so doing (e.g. CIC. Brut. 66.4; s. LEEMAN et al. [1985, 258] ad CIC. de orat. 2.56); and he developed a style “anti-Ciceronian both in sentence structure and in vast tracts of his vocabulary” (SYME 257). While intimately familiar with Cicero’s writings, he owed them little, and that little was limited to motifs (SHAW, FUNARI, but s. BANZ). In studying Sallust’s metaphors, I intend to bring to light some of his debt to Cicero and to show how his emulous adaptations not only reveal the stylistic qualities attributed to him by his (near) contemporaries but may also provide a glimpse into why he was famous for audacious metaphors (Ateius Capito apud SVET. gramm. 10). Catiline is surrounded by a bodyguard of misdeeds and crimes (Sall. BC 14.1): “in so populous and so corrupt a city, Catiline, … kept about him crowds of acts of outrage and crime like a body-guard (omnium flagitiorum atque facinorum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas).” The TLL 6.82.10 [Hey]) reveals that the “iunctura” (or pairing) of flagitium and facinus occurs for the first time in Cicero (Cat. 1.13): “…from what atrocity (facinus a manibus) have your hands, from what iniquity has your whole body (flagitium a toto corpore) ever abstained?” (again 1.18 and Sull. 16 and Scaur. 13 omni facinore et flagitio). Obviously, Sallust uses both words metonymically and personifies them. For “facinus” there seem to be precedents (s. TLL 6.78.55); but for “flagitium” the TLL lists none. In this adaptation of Cicero’s pairing Sallust displays a hallmark of his style: personification (SKARD 157), which seems also to have been considered one aspect of his audacity. For when Quintilian (inst. 8.6.11) speaks of a bold metaphor, he gives the river “Araxes who spurns bridges” as an example because of its attribution of an action or feeling to senseless objects. When in his archaeology Sallust (BC 14.1 with VRETSKA ad loc.) asserts how “virtue began to grow dull (hebescere virtus)” he had Cicero in mind (Cat. 1.4), who had “suffered the edge of the senate’s authority to grow blunt (hebescere aciem horum auctoritatis).” The differences between the two metaphorical expressions are telling. By specifying “aciem” Cicero makes his imagery clear: in the war against Catiline, the authority of the senate resembles a blunted sword. In contrast, Sallust reduces the metaphorical expression to a single term, rendering it less specific, even vague (KREBS). This adaptation exemplifies the kind of brevitas which might not only result in obscuritas (Quint. inst. 8.6.14) but - as I will argue - accounts also for another aspect of his audacity.
A classification system and treatment algorithm for mastectomy flap ischemia in alloplastic breast reconstruction.

Summary Background Mastectomy flap necrosis remains a major cause of failed breast reconstruction with an associated significant financial/psychological burden. Language describing ischemic mastectomy flaps is imprecise as ischemia can result from many causes and can manifest in different ways. Similarly, management of mastectomy flap ischemia varies depending on its etiology. Intraoperative near-infrared imaging (NIR) with indocyanine green (ICG) is an established modality for evaluation of mastectomy flap perfusion. Herein, we define the types of flap ischemia demonstrated via NIR imaging and propose an algorithm for its management. Method A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent mastectomy and NIR imaging of mastectomy flaps from 2014 to 2017. Patient characteristics, operative details, and outcomes were recorded. Following retrospective review, distinct patterns of ischemia were identified, and a classification system and treatment algorithm were developed. Result Type A; diffuse hypoperfusion can be caused by a number of factors (hypotension, vasoconstrictive agents, etc.). It is best treated with delayed reconstruction. Type B; geographic hypoperfusion may be caused by electro-cautery burn, inaccurate dissection, or retractor injury. It can be treated by resection/primary closure or delayed reconstruction. Type C; marginal/incisional hypoperfusion is best treated with debridement. Type D; diffuse marginal perfusion is seen with overfilled tissue-expanders or an oversized implant within a smaller skin envelope. Management includes deflation/downsizing. An algorithm was developed for treatment of the four ischemia types. Conclusion NIR imaging aides in delineating the type of ischemic injury. Classification of mastectomy flap ischemia allows precise communication between providers and provides a framework for decision-making.
Examining the Theoretical Implications of Practical Implications: A Qualitative Meta-Analysis

In management research, theory is of central importance, and as an inherently applied field, the practicality associated with theory development and testing is an important, but due in part to meth...
Predictive Models for Neonatal Follow-Up Serum Bilirubin: Model Development and Validation.

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia affects many newborn infants and, if not treated appropriately, can lead to irreversible brain injury. Objective: This study aims to develop predictive models of follow-up total serum bilirubin measurement and to compare their accuracy with that of clinician predictions. Methods: Subjects were patients born between June 2015 and June 2019 at 4 hospitals in Massachusetts. The prediction target was a follow-up total serum bilirubin measurement obtained <72 hours after a previous measurement. Birth before versus after February 2019 was used to generate a training set (27,428 target measurements) and a held-out test set (3320 measurements), respectively. Multiple supervised learning models were trained. To further assess model performance, predictions on the held-out test set were also compared with corresponding predictions from clinicians. Results: The best predictive accuracy on the held-out test set was obtained with the multilayer perceptron (ie, neural network, mean absolute error [MAE] 1.05 mg/dL) and Xgboost (MAE 1.04 mg/dL) models. A limited number of predictors were sufficient for constructing models with the best performance and avoiding overfitting: current bilirubin measurement, last rate of rise, proportion of time under phototherapy, time to next measurement, gestational age at birth, current age, and fractional weight change from birth. Clinicians made a total of 210 prospective predictions. The neural network model accuracy on this subset of predictions had an MAE of 1.06 mg/dL compared with clinician predictions with an MAE of 1.38 mg/dL (P<.0001). In babies born at 35 weeks of gestation or later, this approach was also applied to predict the binary outcome of subsequently exceeding consensus guidelines for phototherapy initiation and achieved an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.94 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.97). Conclusions: This study developed predictive models for neonatal follow-up total serum bilirubin measurements that outperform clinicians. This may be the first report of models that predict specific bilirubin values, are not limited to near-term patients without risk factors, and take into account the effect of phototherapy. Trial Registration:
Alkyl carbon number limits the ring-number separation of polycyclic aromatic compounds in petroleum analysis

Abstract There have been many attempts to achieve a clear-cut separation of alkylated aromatic compounds based on the number of aromatic rings employing normal-phase liquid chromatography. However, each method has its own limitations to address this issue. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the involved mechanisms for this limitation. For this purpose, stationary phases viz. amino- and cyano-bonded silica gel were considered. The phases were evaluated with the distilled cuts of a crude oil based on resolution and selectivity, and the optimum phase was selected for the separation of a crude oil. It was observed that there was a significant overlap of compounds with the same ring-number in different peaks. The cause of overlap was linked to the number of alkyl carbon atoms attached to the aromatic rings. Aromatic compounds substituted with higher number of alkyl carbon atoms (total) elute earlier than those with lower number of alkyl carbon atoms. This trend was maintained for hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing compounds (S1), and di-sulfur containing compounds (S2). It was further corroborated using molecular modeling calculations that (i) the increase in the number of alkyl carbon atoms increases the molecular volume, and (ii) the volume of the molecules remains similar irrespective of the number and position of alkyl substituents provided that the total number of alkyl carbon atoms remains the same. Finally, it was revealed that the counteractive role of the size exclusion mechanism limits the application of normal-phase chromatography for a clear-cut separation of alkylated aromatic compounds according to the number of aromatic rings.
Treating disorders across the lifespan by modulating cholinergic signaling with galantamine

Advances in understanding the regulatory functions of the nervous system have revealed neural cholinergic signaling as a key regulator of cytokine responses and inflammation. Cholinergic drugs, including the centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine, which are in clinical use for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, have been rediscovered as anti-inflammatory agents. Here, we provide a timely update on this active research and clinical developments. We summarize the involvement of cholinergic mechanisms and inflammation in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia, and the effectiveness of galantamine treatment. We also highlight recent findings demonstrating the effects of galantamine in preclinical and clinical settings of numerous conditions and diseases across the lifespan that are characterized by immunological, neurological, and metabolic dysfunction.
Half Banked: The Economic Impact of Cash Management in the Marijuana Industry

We investigate the economic consequences of access to banking institutions. To do so, we examine the legal marijuana industry, where only half of businesses have access to cash management services from a financial institution. We quantify the benefits of cash management in terms of differences in wholesale prices, retail prices, sales, and ultimately profitability using administrative and survey data. Firms with cash management receive a 10\% discount on wholesale prices, charge 10\% higher retail prices, and sell more product per transaction for the same product. Through these channels, we find that banking services provide a large economic value to firms.
COVID-19 Brings Data Equity Challenges to the Fore

The COVID-19 pandemic is compelling us to make crucial data-driven decisions quickly, bringing together diverse and unreliable sources of information without the usual quality control mechanisms we may employ. These decisions are consequential at multiple levels: They can inform local, state, and national government policy, be used to schedule access to physical resources such as elevators and workspaces within an organization, and inform contact tracing and quarantine actions for individuals. In all these cases, significant inequities are likely to arise and to be propagated and reinforced by data-driven decision systems. In this article, we propose a framework, called FIDES, for surfacing and reasoning about data equity in these systems.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 and pulmonary disease

Abstract Lung diseases encompass a variety of different disease entities, which differ in etiology, acuity, underlying pathologies, and mortality but represent a significant public health burden to our society. Currently, more than 25 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with asthma and approximately 14.8 million adults have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been shown to be associated with systemic inflammation and increased mortality in chronic kidney disease. It has been shown that serum FGF23 levels are also increased in individuals with COPD and cystic fibrosis, two diseases that are associated with airway inflammation. Furthermore, α-klotho, the coreceptor for FGF23, has been implicated in occupational lung disease and pulmonary vascular disease. This chapter will present current literature discussing the contribution of FGF23 and α-klotho signaling in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung disease. We will also discuss modulation of FGF23 signaling as future treatment options for pulmonary disease.