cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Debug methods for hybrid CPU/FPGA systems

The combining of one or more CPU's and an FPGA fabric on the same die is growing in popularity. Such programmable system-on-chip (PSOC) systems promise performance and development time advantages over conventional technology. In a PSOC design, design errors may occur in many different places - the design of the CPU, the embedded software, the FPGA-based parts of the design, or the interfaces between these various parts. This paper presents a flexible tool that allows the user to dynamically adapt the CAD tool's behavior to the level of detail needed to track down design errors in PSOC designs. It provides for the creation of and coexistence of software source debuggers and gate level debug tools, all incorporated into the same debugging environment. A prototype PSOC debugging system based on a derivative of the JHDL CAD tool is presented which illustrates the range of debug support in both simulation and hardware execution modes that can be provided for PSOC debug. Extensions to the tool to support a wider range of embedded processors and GNU compiler tools are discussed along with conclusions and future work.
Anxieties and Aspirations: A Schematic Note on the Toronto Group for the Study of International, Transnational and Comparative Law

This note concerns a conference of graduate students - in law as well as a number of other disciplines - which took place at the University of Toronto Faculty of Law on 11-13 January 2008. As the first of its kind convened by the newly established Toronto Group for the Study of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law, the conference was held with the aim of furthering ties between students with an interest in these fields of scholarship. By examining some of the ideational and geographical context of the Toronto Group, this article note brings to bear a better understanding of questions on polycentricity, fragmentation, and pluralism in international, transnational, and comparative legal scholarship. The city of Toronto is at a particular moment of cultural confidence that offers a vantage point for explicating the tensions, paradoxes, and dark sides of fragmenting international law and its centres of power. The increasingly developed graduate studies in law can take hold of this moment and actually create these emerging vantage spaces against law's ideological functions.
Microfabricated Fuel Cells with Thin-Film Silicon Dioxide Proton Exchange Membranes

Microfabricated fuel cells have been designed and constructed on silicon integrated circuit wafers using many processes common in integrated circuit fabrication, including sputtering, polymer spin coating, reactive ion etching, and photolithography. Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) for an "integrated" fuel cell have been made by low-temperature, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon dioxide. Fuel delivery channels were made through the use of a patterned sacrificial polymer below the PEM and anode catalyst. Platinum-ruthenium catalyst was deposited by dc sputtering. The resistivity of the oxide films was higher than traditional polymer electrolyte membranes, e.g., Nafion, but they were also much thinner. Thus, the "area-resistance" (product of resistivity times thickness) was similar. Fuel cell performance shows that the amount of catalyst in the thin-film electrodes chiefly limits the performance. Steady-state power densities of 30 μW at 0.3 V were achieved for a double-layer sputtered anode catalyst device with hydrogen fuel at room temperature.
Dance Ponnaya, Dance! Police Abuses Against Transgender Sex Workers in Sri Lanka

Feminist theory and research are limited in their focus on intersections of gender and sexual orientation in the victimization of sex workers. Through inductive analysis of 24 in-depth interviews and 3 focus groups with male-to-female transgender sex workers in Sri Lanka, police mistreatment was examined to show how the abuses sex workers experience reflect the intersectional nature of gendered victimization. Findings indicate they experience victimization by police simultaneously targeting their feminine gender expression and homosexuality. These abuses include verbal, physical, and sexual abuse as well as inequality in the police response to both their victimization and criminality.
Incidence and prognostic value of low plasma ionized calcium concentration in cats with acute pancreatitis: 46 cases (1996–1998)

Objective—To determine the incidence and prognostic significance of low plasma ionized calcium concentration in cats with clinical signs of acute pancreatitis (AP). Design—Retrospective study. Animals—46 cats with AP and 92 control cats with nonpancreatic diseases. Procedure—Medical records were reviewed, and results of clinicopathologic testing, including plasma ionized and total calcium concentrations, acid-base values, and electrolyte concentrations, were recorded. Cats with AP were grouped on the basis of outcome (survived vs died or were euthanatized), and plasma ionized calcium concentrations, acid-base values, and electrolyte concentrations were compared between groups. Results—Serum total calcium concentration was low in 19 (41%) cats with AP, and plasma ionized calcium concentration was low in 28 (61%). Cats with AP had a significantly lower median plasma ionized calcium concentration (1.07 mmol/L) than did control cats (1.12 mmol/L). Nineteen (41%) cats with AP died or were euthanatized; these c...
Brokerage roles in disaster response: organisational mediation in the wake of Hurricane Katrina

When one organisation serves as an intermediary for two other organisations which are not in direct contact, that organisation is said to engage in brokerage behaviour. Using the case of the Hurricane Katrina disaster, this study demonstrates the use of formal brokerage measures to study communication among the responding organisations. We apply the brokerage role typology put forth by Gould and Fernandez (1989) to communication networks among the responding organisations in two communities: Saint Bernard Parish, Louisiana and Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. We find that relatively few organisations perform most of the brokerage; primarily, these brokering organisations were locally based. The implications for predisaster planning are discussed.
Understanding how nanocrystalline metals deform

Some of the most exciting developments in materials science involve substances that incorporate nanostructural elements. Yet the influence of these nanostructures on basic mechanical properties such as deformation is not fully understood. In his Perspective, [Hemker][1] calls attention to the results of [ Budrovic et al .][2] in the same issue in which x-ray scattering was used to probe dislocation activity in nanocrystalline metals. The experiments suggest that x-ray probes can yield important information about the behavior of nanocrystalline materials. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5668/221 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5668/273
Effect of Narrowing Traffic Lanes on Pavement Damage

Narrowing traffic lanes to a width below 3.66 m appears to be an expedient way to increase traffic capacity in an urban network. However, it can produce unpleasant outcomes. When a traffic lane is narrowed, the width of a vehicle wheel track is reduced, implying that the moving wheels are restricted to a more compact space. Then, below the centreline of a wheel track, the number of high stress/strain will increase for a given demand of repetitive traffic loading. Thus, additional pavement damage is introduced. In this paper, a quantitative method for evaluating pavement damage due to narrowing lanes is presented for both flexible and rigid pavements. It is found that the decreasing of the lane width from 3.66 m (12 ft) to 3.35 m (11 ft) and 3.05 m (10 ft) may cause about 20 and 40% reduction in pavement fatigue life, respectively. Therefore, the reduction of pavement lane width in order to gain some operational benefits does not appear to be an intelligent choice.
Tomographic x-ray-guided three-dimensional diffuse optical tomography of osteoarthritis in the finger joints

We describe a multimodality imaging approach that com- bines x-ray tomosynthesis with near-infrared diffuse optical tomogra- phy DOT for high-resolution imaging of osteoarthritis in the finger joints. In this approach, we take advantage of high resolution x-ray imaging particularly of the bones and incorporate the fine structural maps obtained from x ray as a priori information into DOT recon- structions. To realize this multi-modality approach, we constructed a hybrid imaging platform that integrated a C-arm-based x-ray tomo- synthetic system with a multichannel optic-fiber-based DOT system. We also implemented improved hybrid regularization-based recon- struction algorithms that have shown to be especially effective for high-resolution modality-guided DOT. Initial evaluation of our x-ray- guided DOT reconstruction approach in the finger joints shows that spatial resolution of DOT can be enhanced dramatically when the three-dimensional geometry of bones is known a priori. In particular, the improved quantitative capability of imaging absorption and scat- tering coefficients of the joint tissues allows for more accurate diag- nosis of osteoarthritis over x-ray radiography or DOT alone. © 2008
Absence of acute cocaine interactions with the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline

Selegiline, an irreversible monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, is under investigation as a treatment for cocaine relapse prevention. To evaluate its safety, human volunteers (n = 5) received intravenous cocaine (0, 20 and 40 mg, 1 h apart) following treatment with placebo or selegiline (10 mg, p.o.). Cocaine increased heart rate, blood pressure, pupil diameter and subjective indices of euphoria and craving. Selegiline produced no measurable effects, except for miosis, and did not alter the effects of cocaine. These data suggest that selegiline may be safely administered in combination with cocaine, and that selegiline is unlikely to increase reinforcing effects of cocaine.
A Simplified Computer Report* Towards an Understandable Pulmonary Function Test

We have developed a graphic format for the display of pulmonary function test results. Patient test results appear as a series of horizontal bar graphs. Each bar length is proportional to the test result and is printed over the normal ranges. This format allows rapid recognition of individually abnormal values. We have also grouped bars to create distinctive patterns characteristic of obstructive or restrictive lung disease. A computer program generates a custom form for each patient, displaying the results and ranges only for the specific test performed on that individual. No preprinting of forms is required. Written in the BASIC computer language, this program was designed to be flexible. A change of program parameters requires only minor program modification. In addition, because of its simplicity, our program can be implemented on almost any computer printer.
Biomimetic approaches to gas phase peptide chemistry: combining selective binding motifs with reactive carbene precursors to form molecular mousetraps

Abstract Biomimetic reagents capable of selectively forming non-covalent complexes and initiating intermolecular reactions with peptides in the gas phase are presented. In the present work, 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) is utilized to bind specifically to various protonated primary amines, including the protonated side chain of lysine. The use of multiple crown ethers is shown to be an efficient method for enhancing the binding energy, which is a critical factor influencing the success of these reagents. The binding energy must exceed any reaction barriers to the desired chemistry, otherwise simple dissociation of the complex occurs. Two reagents containing acidic and transition metal binding functionalities, respectively, designed to selectively cleave peptide bonds, are synthesized and tested experimentally. A third class of reagent designed to covalently attach to peptides utilizing carbene insertion chemistry is also presented. The results demonstrate that combining the recognition and binding powers of 18C6 with an easily activated diazo group allows for the efficient generation of a highly reactive carbene within a non-covalent complex. Intermolecular insertion reactions initiated by the carbene can transform these non-covalent complexes into covalently bound molecules. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and density functional theory (DFT) are utilized to evaluate these intermolecular insertion reactions. The results from experiments with several small molecules and peptides are presented. These diazo-based reagents prove to be highly versatile molecules capable of binding to, and with appropriate activation, becoming covalently attached to virtually any molecule that contains a primary amine. For this reason, we have dubbed them “molecular mousetraps.”
Empirical Issues In Measuring The Returns To Female Labor Market Experience

This paper assesses the empirical properties of two labor market experience measures for female workers in the United States. Our results confirm that the conventional cross-sectional measure of labor market experience, often referred to as potential experience, is an upwardly-biased estimate of the true labor market experience of women -- since women are more likely to experience periods of intermittent labor force participation. This bias yields inconsistent estimates of the returns to female labor market experience. We also present corrected returns to female labor market experience based on longitudinal work history information.
Spectral Radiance Between 0.42 μ and 1.1 μ of Rubidium and Cesium Vapor Arc Lamps as Function of Power Input and Pressure

The spectral radiance between 0.42 μ and 1.1 μ of rubidium and cesium vapor arc lamps was measured for various input powers and vapor pressures. A strong resonance broadening of the resonance lines was observed at high pressures. A strong continuum in the visible is tentatively attributed to Stark broadening of the overlapping lines of the higher order numbers of the 6p-nd and 5d-nf series and to the related series border continua. Data are given for total radiance (0.42–1.1 μ) as function of pressure, for the efficiency vs power input, and the lamp voltage and current.
Mujeres dramaturgas obreras a principios del siglo xx en Chile y la estrategia de la escritura solapada

This article is from the exploratory study and presentation of a scriptural creation which in turn is an “writing”, which was instituted in a particular dramaturgical word, which in turn defined a historical process, specifically we talk about proletarian women’s contribution in the creation, representation and reception of Chilean anarchist drama of the early twentieth century. This as a way of undeniable responsibility, not only in the constitution of the characters, but concealed the contribution of female voices silenced, but nevertheless these dramatic texts of agitation, are fully present to value level; expressed in a female creative subjectivity that differs from the male voice with clarity. It assumed from the perspective of literary anthropology.
Identification of the zinc-oxygen divacancy in ZnO crystals

An electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) spectrum in neutron-irradiated ZnO crystals is assigned to the zinc-oxygen divacancy. These divacancies are observed in the bulk of both hydrothermally grown and seeded-chemical-vapor-transport-grown crystals after irradiations with fast neutrons. Neutral nonparamagnetic complexes consisting of adjacent zinc and oxygen vacancies are formed during the irradiation. Subsequent illumination below ∼150 K with 442 nm laser light converts these ( V Z n 2 − − V O 2 + )0 defects to their EPR-active state ( V Z n − − V O 2 + )+ as electrons are transferred to donors. The resulting photoinduced S = 1/2 spectrum of the divacancy is holelike and has a well-resolved angular dependence from which a complete g matrix is obtained. Principal values of the g matrix are 2.00796, 2.00480, and 2.00244. The unpaired spin resides primarily on one of the three remaining oxygen ions immediately adjacent to the zincvacancy, thus making the electronic structure of the ( V Z n − − V O 2 + )+ ground state similar to the isolated singly ionized axial zincvacancy. The neutral ( V Z n 2 − − V O 2 + )0 divacancies dissociate when the ZnO crystals are heated above 250 °C. After heating above this temperature, the divacancy EPR signal cannot be regenerated at low temperature with light.
Pressure Drop of Gas-Liquid Two-phase Flow in Rectangular Microchannels

Taking nitrogen as the gas-phase medium and the liquid with different surface tensions(pure water,0.01% SDS solution,ethanol)as the liquid-phase medium,a visualized experiment was carried out to study the pressure drop of gas-liquid two-phase flow in rectangular microchannels of different sizes(200 μm×200μm,400μm×400μm,800μm×800μm),during which the two-phase frictional pressure gradient was measured and compared with those predicted by homogeneous flow model,separated flow model and flow pattern-based phenomenological models.Results show that the pressure gradient is highly dependent on the surface tension,channel size and two-phase flow velocity;the flow pattern-based models provide the best prediction of two-phase pressure drop in the microchannels.
General Situation of Power System Hybrid Simulation Center

This paper introduced the power system digital-analogue hybrid simulation center from the points of simulation scale,technical development,function,achievements and anticipative objects.The power system digital-analogue hybrid simulation center of China Electric Power Research Institute is a national key laboratory and national engineering laboratory.Compared with other congener laboratory in Asia,it is the most large,advanced and multifunctional one.The functions of the laboratory include testing study on the programming scheme of large power system with ac and dc transmission line,testing study on the control and protection equipments in power system,researching on some problems that can not be simulated by off-line softwares,correcting the error research results got by off-line simulation softwares,testing study on the dynamic characteristic of AC and DC power system factually,and studying on some advanced tecnology that will be used in the furture power system.The indispensable contribution of the laboratory for technology advancement,programming and design,engineering constructing,commissioning test and system operation of national power system was demonstrated by enumerating the key technological projects accomplished by the laboratory in recent years.The development programming and the anticipative objects was described.
On the Possibility of Viscoelastic Deformation of the Large South Polar Craters and True Polar Wander on the Asteroid Vesta

The asteroid Vesta, located within the inner asteroid belt, is a differentiated body with a prominent rotational bulge. NASA's Dawn mission revealed the presence of two large, relatively shallow impact craters in the south polar region, one with a high standing central peak. The shallowness and prominent central peak are reminiscent of large craters on some icy satellites that may have experienced strong topographic relaxation. The location of these basins near the south pole is also unusual and suggests true polar wander, which requires relaxation of the rotational bulge. Thus, we use the finite element method and a viscoelastic rheology to examine the feasibility of relaxation processes operating on Vesta. Given the plausible thermal state of Vesta by the decay of long-lived radioactive elements, we find that the lithosphere is not compliant enough to allow strong relaxation of the large south polar craters, and thus the peculiar morphology is possibly a product of the formation of these large basins at a planetary scale. Additionally, the asteroid has not been warm enough to permit the relaxation of the rotational bulge. Consequently, these craters both happened to form near the south pole, as unlikely as that is.
Cardiovascular Toxicities of Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: An Opportunity for Systems-Based Approaches

Once universally considered a rapidly fatal condition, cancer has increasingly become a chronic medical condition and comorbidities and adverse effects of cancer therapies have become increasingly significant. One of the leading advancements that has gained traction for the treatment of a variety of malignancies is the class of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Although, in many aspects revolutionary, TKIs have their own profile of side effects, including cardiovascular side effects, the most common being hypertension (HTN), congestive heart failure, corrected QT (QTc) prolongation, and instances of premature coronary heart disease. Herein, we describe the mechanisms of small TKI-induced cardiovascular toxicity and related intracellular signaling. In particular, systems-based approaches to the understanding of small TKI-induced cardiovascular toxicity are addressed. The pathophysiology of synergic cardiovascular toxicity from TKIs, anthracyclines, and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., trastuzumab, bevacizumab) is illustrated. Finally, recommendations are made for implementing systems medicine in clinical practice, for individualized cardiovascular wellness after cancer therapy.
Observation of Multipeak Collision Behavior during the Electro-Oxidation of Single Ag Nanoparticles

The dynamic collision behavior of the electro-oxidation of single Ag nanoparticles is observed at Au microelectrodes using stochastic single-nanoparticle collision amperometry. Results show that an Ag nanoparticle collision/oxidation event typically consists of a series of 1 to ∼10 discrete “sub-events” over an ∼20 ms interval. Results also show that the Ag nanoparticles typically undergo only partial oxidation prior to diffusing away from the Au electrode into the bulk solution. Both behaviors are characterized and shown to exist under a variety of experimental conditions. These previously unreported behaviors suggest that nanoparticle collision and electro-dissolution is a highly dynamic process driven by fast particle–electrode interactions and nanoparticle diffusion.
The functional dependence relation on hypergraphs of secrets

The paper considers interdependencies between secrets in a multiparty system. Each secret is assumed to be known only to a certain fixed set of parties. These sets can be viewed as edges of a hypergraph whose vertices are the parties of the system. In previous work, the authors investigated properties of interdependencies that are expressible through a multi-argument relation called independence, which is a generalization of a binary relation also known as nondeducibility. This work studies properties expressible through functional dependence. The main result is a complete and decidable logical system that describes interdependencies on a fixed hypergraph.
Potential for carrying dyes derived from spalting fungi in natural oils

Wood colored internally by fungi has long been used by woodcrafters and artisans as a substitute for synthetic dyes. Recent advances in the field of spalted wood have led to methods by which the fungal dyes can be extracted from either a fungal solution or colonized wood and then reapplied to clear wood. This takes the “guess work” out of spalting, as well as the time necessary for fungal colonization; however, it requires organic solvents like dichloromethane, which are toxic and not readily available to consumers. Herein, the authors show that the dyes can be successfully carried and blended together (to increase the range of colors) in a range of natural oils. The blue–green dye of Chlorociboria species, called xylindein, carried best in raw linseed oil, the red dye of Scytalidium cuboideum performed best in Danish oil, although more dye could be carried in raw linseed oil, and the yellow dye of Scytalidium ganodermophthorum performed best in walnut oil. The ability to carry and mix these dyes in easily purchased, nontoxic oils opens up their use to woodworkers who seek to follow the traditions of spalted wood, but do not have the skills or time to work with live fungal cultures or fungal dyes suspended in toxic organic solvents.
Sequential and Concurrent Multiscale Modeling of Multiphysics: From Atoms to Continuum

The multiscale and multi-physics approaches reach a new height for modeling and simulation. It opens up a new opportunity to connect engineering applications with basic science. In this work, a more general governing equation of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, covering thermo-mechanical-electromagnetic coupling effects, has been derived. This theoretical development of classical molecular dynamics provides a solid foundation for our bottom-up sequential multiscale modeling, from which we calculate material properties including the elastic constants, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal expansion coefficients for thermoelasticity. With these preparations, we further present our newly formulated concurrent multiscale theory. The key challenge in constructing a concurrent multiscale theory hinges at the formulation of the interfacial conditions, which determine the communication between the atomic region and genuine continuum region. Our philosophy of concurrent modeling is that we decompose the solution region into two sub-regions in space and utilize the central difference method with different time steps for different sub-regions to march on in time. For sub-regions where critical physical phenomena, such as crack initiation and propagation, occur, we adopt molecular dynamics with small time step to simulate the material behavior with relatively high resolution. For non-critical regions, we adopt finite element method with relatively large time step to reduce the computational effort. The interfacial condition is constructed naturally by anchoring finite element nodes at centroids of groups. Each group is a cluster of atoms simulated by molecular dynamics. In this way, a concurrent multiscale modeling theory from atoms to genuine continuum is constructed. To test the capability of our theory, we conduct crack propagation simulations with different loading conditions. It was observed that the crack that pre-existed in the continuum region can propagate into the critical atomic region without any fracture criterion.
Reproducing Expert-Like Motion in Deformable Environments Using Active Learning and IOC

We propose a method that allows a motion planning algorithm to imitate the behavior of expert users in deformable environments. For instance, a surgeon inserting a probe knows intuitively which organs are more sensitive than others, but may not be able to mathematically represent a cost function that governs his or her motion. We hypothesize that the relative sensitivities of deformable objects are encoded in the expert’s demonstrated motion, and present a framework which is able to imitate an expert’s behavior by learning a sensitivity-based cost function under which the expert’s motion is optimal. Our framework consists of three stages: (1) Automatically generating demonstration tasks that prompt the user to provide informative demonstrations through an active learning process; (2) Recovering object sensitivity values using an Inverse Optimal Control technique; and (3) Reproducing the demonstrated behavior using an optimal motion planner. We have tested our framework with a set of 5DoF simulated and 3DoF physical test environments, and demonstrate that it recovers object parameters suitable for planning paths that imitate the behavior of expert demonstrations. Additionally, we show that our method is able to generalize to new tasks; e.g. when a new obstacle is introduced into the environment.
Abstract 2349: Sensitivity and resistance to cell cycle and IGF-1R inhibitors in rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and young adults. The five-year survival rate for RMS has hardly improved over the last three decades despite intensive and toxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy with surgery. Therefore, novel treatment approaches are required to change these outcomes. RMS has two major subtypes, embryonal RMS (ERMS) and alveolar RMS (ARMS). ARMS, the more aggressive subtype, is characterized by translocations that fuse two transcription factor-encoding genes; creating novel PAX3/PAX7-FOXO1 fusion proteins. The PAX3-FOXO1 is highly expressed in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, allowing the cell to divide following a sustained checkpoint arrest despite DNA damage induced by chemotherapy, suggesting that PAX3-FOXO1 may enhance the survival of tumor cells in response to chemotherapy. Many cell cycle regulators are altered in RMS, including CDK2, CDK4 and p53. Furthermore, RMS cells are highly dependent on the insulin-like growth factor -1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling, however, IGF-1R targeting was not successful in the clinic. Therefore, targeting key cell cycle regulators individually or in combination with IGF-1R inhibition may expand the available therapeutic options for RMS. Purpose: The goal of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of 15 small molecule inhibitors targeting the IGF-1R and cell cycle regulators in RMS cell lines and to determine potential mechanisms of drug sensitivity or resistance. Methods and Results: Seven RMS cell lines including ERMS and ARMS were studied. The IC50 values were determined for the following targeting compounds: linsitinib, BMS-754807 and picropodophyllin (PPP) (IGF-1R), riobociclib and palbociclib (CDK4/6), dinaciclib and flavopiridol (pan CDK inhibitors), BS-181HCL (CDK7), MK-1775 (WEE-1), MK-8776 (CHK1), alisertib (AURKA) and volasertib (PLK1). The most potent compounds with IC50 Conclusion: These data demonstrate that dinaciclib, volasertib, flavopiridol, MK-1775, BMS-754807 and PPP are highly cytotoxic in RMS cell lines. The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib may sensitize selected RMS cell lines to IGF-1R inhibitors. Targeting selected cell cycle regulators individually, or in combination with IGF-1R inhibitors may thus provide an efficacious treatment approach to be further validated in RMS patients with poor outcome. Citation Format: Justin Montoya, David W. Lee, Eiman Aleem. Sensitivity and resistance to cell cycle and IGF-1R inhibitors in rhabdomyosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2349. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2349
Multiprogramming a 64kB Computer Safely and Efficiently

Low-power microcontrollers lack some of the hardware features and memory resources that enable multiprogrammable systems. Accordingly, microcontroller-based operating systems have not provided important features like fault isolation, dynamic memory allocation, and flexible concurrency. However, an emerging class of embedded applications are software platforms, rather than single purpose devices, and need these multiprogramming features. Tock, a new operating system for low-power platforms, takes advantage of limited hardware-protection mechanisms as well as the type-safety features of the Rust programming language to provide a multiprogramming environment for microcontrollers. Tock isolates software faults, provides memory protection, and efficiently manages memory for dynamic application workloads written in any language. It achieves this while retaining the dependability requirements of long-running applications.
Economic Prosperity and Housing Affordability in the United States: Lessons from the Booming 1990s

AbstractThe United States is facing an acute shortage of reasonably priced housing with over 35% of households paying more than 30% of their income for housing costs in 2015. As the U.S. economy recovers from the Great Recession, will housing become less unaffordable as incomes rise and households could potentially pay a lower share of their income for housing costs? To see if this is likely, I examined the change in housing affordability in the 100 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States between 1990 and 2000, a period of exceptional economic prosperity. I used the percentage of housing cost-burdened households (those that pay more than 30% of their gross income on ownership or rental costs) as a measure of the availability of reasonably priced housing. I used discriminant analysis techniques to detect statistically significant differences in the percentage of cost-burdened households in the 100 MSAs based on a variety of factors. I found that despite the phenomenal economic pr...
Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome presenting as circumscribed choroidal hemangioma

A 4-year-old female with a unilateral circumscribed choroidal hemangioma and secondary total exudative retinal detachment. A nasal skin scar-like lesion incised to confirm a histopathologic diagnosis of linear nevus sebaceous. Further imaging disclosed asymmetry of the lateral ventricle frontal horns, suggestive of the diagnosis of linear nevus sebaceous syndrome. The choroidal hemangioma was treated with I-125 episcleral brachytherapy (apical dose of 45 Gy). At 6 months post-radiation, the tumor showed regression with total resolution of exudative retinal detachment.
Direct Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Sulfide without Sulfur Poisoning.

An electrochemical method capable of direct, real-time detection of hydrogen sulfide was developed using triple pulse amperometry (TPA) to mitigate sulfur poisoning and its related passivation of the working electrode surface. Through repeated cycles of discrete potential pulses, the electrooxidation of surface-adsorbed elemental sulfur to water-soluble sulfate ions was exploited to regenerate the glassy carbon electrode surface and maintain consistent sensor performance. Amperometric measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis demonstrated that the TPA sensors provided enhanced analytical performance via decreased sulfur accumulation relative to low-potential (≤+0.7 V) constant potential amperometry. Sensors operated under optimized TPA parameters retained high sensitivity (57.4 ± 13.0 nA/μM), a wide linear dynamic range (150 nM–15 μM), fast response times (<10 s), and a submicromolar detection limit (<100 nM) upon consecutive calibration cycles. The sensitivity and response time a...
A NOVEL ENSEMBLE MACHINE LEARNING-BASED METHOD VERSUS CLINICAL RISK SCORING FOR DISCRIMINATION OF INDIVIDUALS WHO WILL VERSUS WILL NOT EXPERIENCE ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AFTER CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY: RESULTS FROM THE ICONIC STUDY

Current cardiovascular risk prediction models employ limited sets of variables which confine their predictive potential. Machine learning has emerged as a novel approach to handle high-dimensional datasets, but has yet to be adequately explored for its ability to enhance clinical risk prediction. We
The linear theory of tidally excited spiral density waves: application to CV and circumplanetary discs

We revisit linear tidal excitation of spiral density waves in the disks of cataclysmic variables (CVs), focusing on scalings with orbital Mach number in order to bridge the gap between numerical simulations and real systems. If an inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) lies within the disk, ingoing waves are robustly excited, and the angular-momentum flux they carry is independent of Mach number. But in most CVs, the ILR lies outside the disk. The wave flux and its scaling with Mach number are then very sensitive to conditions near the disk edge. If the temperature and sound speed vanish there, excitation tends to be exponentially suppressed. If the Mach number remains finite in the outer parts but the radial and vertical density scale lengths become comparable due to subkeplerian rotation, resonance can occur with acoustic-cutoff and stratification frequencies. These previously neglected resonances excite waves, but the Mach-number scaling remains very steep if the radial scale length decreases gradually. The scaling can be less strong - algebraic rather than exponential - if there are sharp changes in surface density at finite sound speed. Shocks excited by streamline-crossing or by the impact of the stream from the companion are unlikely to be important for the angular-momentum budget, at least in quiescence. Our results may also apply to circumplanetary disks, where Mach numbers are likely lower than in CVs.
El dispositivo picaresco de Don Quijote y la soberanía anónima: el valor político del ingenio, la contingencia y el anonimato en la España manierista-barroca

La Espana manierista-barroca da lugar a un genero literario –la picaresca – que, al mismo tiempo que funciona como centro de resistencia a la monarquia autoritaria de los Habsburgo y a la Inquisici...
Stochastic Control for Non-Markov Processes

We consider a probability space \(\Omega ,\mathcal {A},P\) equipped with a filtration \(\mathcal {F}^{t}\) and a standard \(P,\mathcal {F}^{t}\) Wiener process with values in R n .
Is this lump in the neck anything to worry about

Neck masses are common and often the result of self-limited inflammation or infection. Congenital masses and neoplasms are additional benign causes. However, a neck mass can signal a malignant tumor, so it is important to understand what represents an abnormal mass and to recognize warning signs and symptoms. Patients at risk of serious clinical problems may be identified through findings on history taking (e.g., progressive enlargement of the mass, prolonged hoarseness) and physical examination (e.g., unilateral nasal obstruction, intraoral induration). Suspicion of a malignant process calls for referral to a subspecialist in head and neck disorders.
LCM Virus Infection and Nephritis

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus was first described in the mid- 1980s by Traub (1939) who noted that serum from certain mice was lethal when injected intracerebrally into other strains of mice. He demonstrated that the lethal agent was a vertically transmitted virus. Based on Traub’s early work, chronic LCM virus infection was felt to be the result of host immunological tolerance to the virus (Burnet and Fenner, 1949). In the mid- 1950s, Rowe (1954) demonstrated that LCM virus was not intrinsically cytopathic, i.e., the lethal acute meningitis following intracerebral injection of adult immunocompetent mice resulted from the animal’s immune reaction to the virus. While chronic LCM virus infection was long thought to result in no disease, Hotchin and Collins (1964) noted the occurrence of “late onset disease” with glomerulonephritis in persistently infected mice. Oldstone and Dixon (1967) demonstrated that the glomerulonephritis in mice with chronic LCM virus infection had an immune complex pathogenesis, They performed studies of the immunoglobulin eluted from the kidneys of chronically infected mice and reported that the eluted antibody had binding specificity for LCM antigens. This latter observation implied that mice chronically infected with LCM virus were not immunologically tolerant to the virus as had been previously thought (Burnet and Fenner, 1949). Controversy over this observation has continued and will be addressed later in this chapter.
On the improvement of CBCT image quality for soft tissue-based SRS localization.

Purpose We explore the optimal cone-beam CT (CBCT) acquisition parameters to improve CBCT image quality to enhance intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) localization and also assess the imaging dose levels associated with each imaging protocol. Methods Twenty-six CBCT acquisition protocols were generated on an Edge® linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with different x-ray tube current and potential settings, gantry rotation trajectories, and gantry rotation speeds. To assess image quality, images of the Catphan 504 phantom were analyzed to evaluate the following image quality metrics: uniformity, HU constancy, spatial resolution, low contrast detection, noise level, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). To evaluate the imaging dose for each protocol, the cone-beam dose index (CBDI) was measured. To validate the phantom results, further analysis was performed with an anthropomorphic head phantom as well as image data acquired for a clinical SRS patient. Results The Catphan data indicates that adjusting acquisition parameters had direct effects on the image noise level, low contrast detection, and CNR, but had minimal effects on uniformity, HU constancy, and spatial resolution. The noise level was reduced from 34.5 ± 0.3 to 18.5 ± 0.2 HU with a four-fold reduction in gantry speed, and to 18.7 ± 0.2 HU with a four-fold increase in tube current. Overall, the noise level was found to be proportional to inverse square root of imaging dose, and imaging dose was proportional to the product of total tube current-time product and the cube of the x-ray potential. Analysis of the anthropomorphic head phantom data and clinical SRS imaging data also indicates that noise is reduced with imaging dose increase. Conclusions Our results indicate that optimization of the imaging protocol, and thereby an increase in the imaging dose, is warranted for improved soft-tissue visualization for intracranial SRS.
Alcohol Consumption, Risky Sexual Behaviors, and HIV in Nigeria: A Meta-Analytic Review.

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with risky sex, which increases the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of, and associations among alcohol, risky sex, and HIV, in Nigeria. METHODS We searched electronic databases and reviewed reference sections of relevant papers to locate studies that sampled people living in Nigeria and assessed both alcohol and sexual risk behavior. We calculated effect sizes to determine (a) prevalence of alcohol and sex behaviors and (b) associations between alcohol consumption and risky sex, and examined moderators to determine if sample characteristics predicted behavioral or biological outcomes. RESULTS Of the 696 unique records identified, 35 manuscripts reporting on 42 separate studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants in these studies (N = 83,350; M age = 26 years; 48% women; 10% HIV-infected) reported high rates of heavy drinking (63%) and low rates of consistent condom use (24%). One-third of participants (30%) also reported using alcohol before sexual activity. Participants who consumed alcohol were more likely to report sexual activity (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 3.09, 4.33), multiple partners (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.38, 4.36), and condomless sex or inconsistent use of condoms (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.54, 3.43). CONCLUSION High rates of heavy drinking and low rates of condom use have been well-documented in Nigeria. Results from this meta-analysis can be used to inform critically needed alcohol-related HIV interventions.
Teaching Digital Natives: Tips, Traps, and Strategies

How should our pedagogy evolve in response to changing behavior and expectations for student learning in an information society?Â This presentation provides a short overview about the needs and aptitudes of our "millenial" students, and includes two brief demonstrations about adapting to their learning styles. Questions and suggestions from audience members will round out the session.
Designing Empire for the Civilized East: Colonialism, Polish Nationhood, and German War Aims in the First World War

This article critically reexamines how Germans understood Polish national identity during World War I, and how their perceptions affected German proposals for ruling Polish territory. Recent historiography has emphasized the impact of colonial ideologies and experiences on Germans’ imperial ambitions in Poland. It has portrayed Germans as viewing Poland through a colonial lens, or favoring colonial methods to rule over Polish space. Using the wartime publications of prominent left liberal, Catholic, and conservative thinkers, this article demonstrates that many influential Germans, even those who supported colonialism in Africa, considered Poland to be a civilized nation for which colonial strategies of rule would be wholly inappropriate. These thinkers instead proposed multinational strategies of imperialism in Poland, which relied on collaboration with Polish nationalists. Specifically, they argued that Berlin should establish an autonomous Polish state, and bind it in permanent military and political union with the German Empire. The perception of Poland as a civilized nation ultimately structured Germany’s occupation policy and objectives in Poland throughout the war, much more than stereotypes of Polish primitivity.
Theoretical studies of the reactions H + CH → C + H2 and C + H2 → CH2 using an ab initio global ground-state potential surface for CH2

Ab initio, multireference, configuration interaction (CI) calculations have been used to characterize the ground-state potential surface of methylene. The calculations employ a full-valence complete-active-space reference wave function and a (4s,3p,2d,If/3s,2p,1d) basis set. The calculations were carried out at approximately 6000 points, and the resulting energies were fit to a many-body expansion including conical intersections between the [sup 3]B[sub 1] and [sup 3]A[sub 2] states for C[sub 2v] geometries and between the [sup 3]II and [sup 3][Sigma][sup [minus]] states for linear geometries. The calculations show that the C[sub 2v] conical intersection provides a zero barrier route for the C([sup 3]P) + H[sub 2] insertion reaction. Quasiclassical trajectory studies of the title reactions using the global surface indicate that both reactions proceed without activation energy and that the thermal rate constants are nearly independent of temperature. The rate constants for H + CH agree with high-temperature (2000 K) experimental studies but are substantially higher (factor of 10) than a measurement at 297 K. For C + H[sub 2], the CH[sub 2] lifetimes at thermal energies are approximately 20 ps which is in agreement with an experimentally derived estimate. 21 refs., 14 figs., 6 tabs.
An Unexpected Hydrolysis pH-Rate Profile, at pH Values Less than 7, of the Labile Imide, ICRF-187: (+)-1,2-Bis-(3,5 -dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane

The hydrolysis of the cardioprotectant and anticancer agent, ICRF-187 (or ADR-529) and the structurally similar model compound, 4-methylpiperazine-2,6-dione (4-MP), was investigated in the acid to neutral pH range at 25°C and an ionic strength of 0.5 (sodium chloride). Their solution stability was shown to be compromised compared to 3-methylglutarimide (3-MG) and other imides. It appears that the tertiary piperazine nitrogens of ICRF-187 and 4-MP significantly contributed to the instability of these compounds over this pH range. Unexpectedly, bell-shaped curves were observed in the pH-rate profiles. A change in the rate-determining step from tetra-hedral intermediate formation in the weakly acidic pH region to breakdown of the tetrahedral intermediate in the more acidic pH regions was proposed as an explanation for the bell-shaped curves. The piperazine nitrogen was implicated in the hydrolytic pathways that occur within these pH regions; the mechanism of involvement was dependent on the state of ionization of the parent molecule and the tetrahedral intermediate.