cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring treatment impact: a review of patient-reported outcomes and other efficacy endpoints in approved product labels.

Abstract Context The term “patient-reported outcomes” (PROs) has evolved to include any endpoint derived from patient reports, whether collected in the clinic, in a diary, or by other means, including single-item outcome measures, event logs, symptom reports, formal instruments to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL), health status, adherence, and satisfaction with treatment. This term coincides with the explicit interest from drug development researchers and regulatory authorities in the appropriate utilization and reporting of treatment impact measures. Objective To determine the level and nature of use of PROs compared to other types of effectiveness endpoints in approved product labeling for new drugs recently approved in the United States. Design and sources Review and analysis of effectiveness endpoints as reported in clinical study descriptions in approved product labeling of new molecular entities (NMEs) approved in the United States from 1997 through 2002. Main outcome measures Effectiveness study endpoints reported in approved product labeling that fall into the following categories of measurement: PROs, clinician-reported outcomes (CROs), and laboratory test/device measurement endpoints. Results PROs were reported in 64 (30%) of the 215 product labels reviewed. Clinician-reported outcomes were reported most frequently (62%) followed by laboratory/device endpoints (50%). PROs were the only type of endpoint used in the FDA-approved label for 23 products. Formal multiitem PRO scales were cited 22 times. Use of PROs is most common in antiinflammatory, CNS, gastrointestinal, respiratory, allergic conjunctivitis, and urologic therapy areas. The frequency of reported PRO use over this period did not change. Conclusion PROs, although quite variable as a class of study endpoints, were found to have a significant role in the development and evaluation of new medicines. More formal guidance from the FDA about use of such measures along with continued collaboration by PRO researchers to develop and disseminate standards will enhance the appropriate use of PROs in future drug development and labeling.
A program transformation and architecture support for quantum uncomputation

Quantum computing's power comes from new algorithms that exploit quantum mechanical phenomena for computation. Quantum algorithms are different from their classical counterparts in that quantum algorithms rely on algorithmic structures that are simply not present in classical computing. Just as classical program transformations and architectures have been designed for common classical algorithm structures, quantum program transformations and quantum architectures should be designed with quantum algorithms in mind. Because quantum algorithms come with these new algorithmic structures, resultant quantum program transformations and architectures may look very different from their classical counterparts.This paper focuses on uncomputation, a critical and prevalent structure in quantum algorithms, and considers how program transformations, and architecture support should be designed to accommodate uncomputation. In this paper,we show a simple quantum program transformation that exposes independence between uncomputation and later computation. We then propose a multicore architecture tailored to this exposed parallelism and propose a scheduling policy that efficiently maps such parallelism to the multicore architecture. Our policy achieves parallelism between uncomputation and later computation while reducing cumulative communication distance. Our scheduling and architecture allows significant speedup of quantum programs (between 1.8x and 2.8x speedup in Shor's factoring algorithm), while reducing cumulative communication distance 26%.
Indians of California: The Changing Image

When the first Anglo-Americans visited California early in the nineteenth century, the future state was still a remote province of the Spanish empire. Early visitors, filled with a sense of American's Manifest Destiny, described the missionary priests and their Indian converts in terms of the Black Legend of Spanish abuse of native peoples. Later, when the Anglos settled in California and assumed the life-style of the Mexican rancheros, they viewed the Indians as a primitive laboring class, docile and exploitable. Finally, after 1849, the gold rush brought hundreds of thousands of new white immigrants, who treated the primitive ""diggers"" simply as threats to their own prosperity and security. Bounty hunters shot down adult Indians, and Indian children and young people were sold into slavery as ""apprentices.""The engine in this evolution of white attitudes was the changing needs of the white population. Needing to discredit Hispanic claims to the land, American observers saw the Indians as victims; needing a cheap labor force themselves, they viewed the Indians as a useful class; needing unimpeded access to the resources of the Golden State, they treated the Indians simply as obstacles to be eliminated.
Cardiorespiratory response to progressive hypoxia and hypercapnia in the turtle trachemys scripta

The ventilatory responses of chelonian reptiles to hypoxic and hypercapnic stress have been fairly well described. As turtles are capable of large cardiac shunts, changes in pulmonary perfusion may be an equally viable and potent response to these stressors. To test this hypothesis, conscious unrestrained turtles were unidirectionally ventilated while blood flow in the left pulmonary artery (q_dot (LPA)) and left aortic arch (q_dot (LAo)) was monitored. Turtles were exposed to step changes (2.5 h step(−)(1)) in O(2) tension (30, 15, 5, 2.5 or 0 % O(2); CO(2) inflow maintained constant) on day 1 followed by step changes in CO(2) tension (0, 2, 4, 8 % CO(2); O(2) inflow maintained constant) on day 2. Steady-state cardiorespiratory variables were recorded for the last 30 min of each step change in gas tension.Progressive hypoxia resulted in progressive increases in ventilation, q_dot (LPA) and q_dot (LAo) and a small, but non-significant, increase in heart rate. Progressive hypercapnia resulted in a progressive increase in ventilation, while q_dot (LPA) and q_dot (LAo) did not change at any level of CO(2). These results suggest that information from the O(2)-sensitive chemoreceptors appears to be stimulatory to both the cardiovascular and ventilatory control systems, while CO(2) chemoreception appears to affect primarily the ventilatory control system. These results also suggest that, in animals capable of intracardiac shunting, increasing pulmonary perfusion may be an integral component of the reflex response to hypoxia.
The aims and accomplishments of comparative psychology

Greenberg, Partridge, Weiss, and Pisula propose a new perspective of comparative psychology, based in large part on an anagenetic and dynamic systems approach to the development and evolution of behavior. Their view appreciates the probabilistic nature of behavioral development and promotes the value of an integrative levels concept for generating testable hypothesis regarding the complex relationship between biology, context, and developmental history underlying behavioral and psychological functioning. However, the authors fail to represent the full scope of contemporary comparative psychology by overlooking several core aims of the field, including (a) the use of animal models to shed light on human behavior and development and (b) understanding the role of behavior as a leading edge in the evolutionary process.
Text, context, and hypertext : Writing with and for the computer

Introduction - a new paradigm for writing with and for the computer, Edward Barrett. Part 1 Artificial intelligence, document processing and Hypertext: the future of "Writing" for the computer industry, Mark P. Haselkorn artificial intelligence and automated publishing systems, Geoffrey James exploring the connections between improved technology - workstation and desktop publishing and improved methodology - document databases, R. John Brockmann the ethics of automated publishing systems (a response to Dr Brockmann), Geoffrey James text processing with the START natural language system, Boris Katz using an object-oriented programming language to create audience-driven hypermedia environments, Geri Younggren Hypertext - a way of incorporating user feedback into online documentation, Patricia Ann Carlson Hypertext and the teaching of writing, John M. Slatin. Part 2 Management, training, and corporate culture: information development is part of product development - not an afterthought, Roger A. Grice corporate culture, technical documentation and organization diagnosis, Lawrence B. Levine usability - stereotypes and traps, Edmond H. Weiss investment in computer-product documentation - causes and effects, John Kirsch preparing for a successful large-scale courseware development project, Richard Ziegfeld, et al the on-line environment and in-house training, Edward Barrett and James Paradis technology + design + research = information design, Elizabeth Keyes, et al writers as total desktop publishers - developing a conceptual approach to training, Patricia Sullivan are writers obsolete in the computer industry?, Muriel Zimmerman. Part 3 Designing on-line information: designing online information, Philip Rubens and Robert Krull technical writers as computer scientists - the challenges of online documentation, Henrietta Nickels Shirk creating a style for online help, Jonathan Price how "Friendly" is your writing for readers around the world?, John Kirkman.
Periodic Loading and Selective Undercut Etching for High-Impedance Traveling-Wave Electroabsorption Modulators

For the first time, selective undercut etching and periodically loaded electrodes are combined to improve impedance and velocity matching for traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators. These devices are fabricated in a platform compatible with widely tunable lasers.
Significant Impact of Protein Dispensability on the Instantaneous Rate of Protein Evolution

The neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that important proteins evolve more slowly than unimportant ones. High-throughput gene-knockout experiments in model organisms have provided information on the dispensability, and therefore importance, of thousands of proteins in a genome. However, previous studies of the correlation between protein dispensability and evolutionary rate were equivocal, and it has been proposed that the observed correlation is due to the covariation with the level of gene expression or is limited to duplicate genes. We here analyzed the gene dispensability data of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and estimated protein evolutionary rates by comparing S. cerevisiae with nine species of varying degrees of divergence from S. cerevisiae. The correlation between gene dispensability and evolutionary rate, although low, is highly significant, even when the gene expression level is controlled for or when duplicate genes are excluded. Our results thus support the hypothesis of lower evolution rates for more important proteins, a widely used principle in the daily practice of molecular biology. When the evolutionary rate is estimated from closely related species, the ratio between the mean rate of nonessential proteins to that of essential proteins is 1.4. This ratio declines to 1.1 when the evolutionary rate is estimated from distantly related species, suggesting that the importance of a protein may change in evolution, so the dispensability data obtained from a model organism only predicts a short-term rate of protein evolution. A comparison of the fitness contributions of orthologous genes in yeast and nematode supports this conclusion.
Verbal memory, problem-solving skills and community status in schizophrenia

Neuropsychological deficits have been associated with poor community functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Previous research suggests that verbal memory capacity is related to functional capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between verbal memory, problem-solving skills and community functioning, as measured by treatment status (inpatient vs. outpatient) in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Evaluations were done on 162 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, seen in inpatient (n=87) and outpatient settings (n=75). Verbal memory was assessed using narrative recall and list recall measures. Problem-solving skills for independent living were assessed using a social reasoning measure and a daily problem-solving skills measure. Better verbal memory performance was associated with better problem solving for independent living. However, inpatient vs. outpatient status was best determined by problem-solving skills for independent living rather than verbal memory performance. The results reveal the importance of daily problem-solving skills for community status in schizophrenia. Although verbal memory performance is associated with problem-solving skills for independent living, predictive probability of community status does not improve when memory performance is taken into account.
Reinforcement Learning by Probability Matching

We present a new algorithm for associative reinforcement learning. The algorithm is based upon the idea of matching a network's output probability with a probability distribution derived from the environment's reward signal. This Probability Matching algorithm is shown to perform faster and be less susceptible to local minima than previously existing algorithms. We use Probability Matching to train mixture of experts networks, an architecture for which other reinforcement learning rules fail to converge reliably on even simple problems. This architecture is particularly well suited for our algorithm as it can compute arbitrarily complex functions yet calculation of the output probability is simple.
A Conversation with Tory and Victor Kiam

An interview with Remington owner Victor Kiam and his son, Tory, reveals some interesting ways for managing father-son conflicts that often arise in family life and family business.
Chromatophoromas in two species of Hawaiian butterflyfish, Chaetodon multicinctus and C. miliaris.

Chromatophoromas (cutaneous pigment cell tumors) were seen in two species of butterflyfish, Chaetodon multicinctus and Chaetodon miliaris, over an 11-year period (1976-1987) in waters off the islands of Maui, Lanai, and Molokini in the state of Hawaii. The chromatophore tumors found in the brown-barred butterflyfish, C. multicinctus, were predominantly iridophoromas (characterized by the presence of birefringent olive-green crystalline pigment), while the tumors in the lemon butterflyfish, C. miliaris, were primarily me- lanophoromas (characterized by the presence of melanin pigment). Mixed chromatophoromas, composed of iridophores, melanophores, and undifferentiated chromatophores, were found in both species. The prevalence of chromatophoromas in C. multicinctus off the island of Maui varied from a low of 22-25% in 1916 to a high of 50% in 1987. The estimated prevalence of chromatophoromas in C. miliaris was 2.5% off the island of Molokini in 1976, and 5.0% off Lanai in 1987. The cause or causes of chromatophoromas in these two species of butterflyfish has not been determined. Chromatophoromas are cutaneous pigment cell tu- mors that originate from dermochromatophores nor- mally present in the skin of fish, amphibians, and rep- tiles. The four classes of chromatophores are identified by the type of pigment they contain. Melanophores contain black or brown pigments (melanin), irido- phores contain colorless pigments (purines), xantho- phores contain yellow pigments (carotenoids), and erythrophores contain red pigments (carotenoids and pteridine~).~,~J',~~ All are derived from neural ~rest.~J~,~~ Chromatophoromas are unusual tumors and have only infrequently been reported in fi~h,~,~,~~,~~,~ ~-~ 1,33 am-
CARRY-OVER EFFECTS OF WINTER LOCATION CONTRIBUTE TO VARIATION IN TIMING OF NEST INITIATION AND CLUTCH SIZE IN BLACK BRANT (BRANTA BERNICLA NIGRICANS)

ABSTRACT. We assessed carry-over effects from winter location on timing of nest initiation and clutch size of Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) using observations of individually marked brant breeding at the Tutakoke River colony in Alaska, and wintering along a latitudinal gradient at three areas on the Pacific coast of Baja California: northernmost Bahia San Quintin (BSQ), Laguna Ojo de Liebre (LOL), and southernmost Laguna San Ignacio (LSI). Black Brant initiated nests according to a north—south trend in winter location, although year was a stronger predictor of initiation date than was wintering site. Female Black Brant that wintered at BSQ initiated nests 2.2 days earlier than females from LSI. Conversely, Black Brant showed only a weak south—north trend in clutch size; individuals from LSI laid slightly larger clutches than individuals from BSQ, probably because a smaller proportion of only high-quality females from the southernmost wintering area in Baja California were able to attain the nut...
Prediction of early progression in recently diagnosed IgA nephropathy.

Background Most studies of prognosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) have tried to predict dichotomous outcomes based on a small number of clinical or semi-quantitative histological variables in large numbers of patients. Methods We pursued a quite different approach. We measured GFR annually for 4-5 years in 22 adult patients with recently diagnosed IgAN. Quantitative morphology was performed on the diagnostic biopsy specimens and baseline glomerular filtration dynamics were performed at study entry. An initial set of 30 plausible predictor variables (half demographic or physiological, half structural) was reduced to 22 using phylogenetic trees. Least-angle regression (LARS) was used to predict the rate of GFR change from these variables Results The rate of GFR change ranged from a loss of 41 ml/min/year to a gain of 8.6 ml/min/year. We found an optimum predictor set of five baseline variables: the percentage of glomeruli with global sclerosis, the fractional interstitial area, the serum creatinine, the average tuft volume of non-sclerotic glomeruli and the renal plasma flow. Conclusions The strong predictive relationship of the three structural variables with the slope of GFR in our subjects suggests that even at the time of their initial diagnosis many patients with IgAN already manifest a 'remnant kidney' phenomenon. The distinctive pathophysiological insights derived from this study suggest some of the advantages of intense quantitative investigations applied to a small number of subjects.
Psychology at Michigan: the Pillsbury years, 1897-1947.

Psychology at the University of Michigan during the years, 1897 to 1947, did not make the kind of contribution to the field that might have been anticipated given the stature of the University and the personnel present. The department had adequate facilities, was carrying out active research, provided excellent instruction in science but failed in a significant way to communicate its activities to the field at large. The cause of this failure is examined in terms of careers and personalities of the department's two leaders, Walter B. Pillsbury and John F. Shepard.
Boys Act and Girls Appear: A Content Analysis of Gender Stereotypes Associated with Characters in Children’s Popular Culture

We conducted a content analysis of children’s products in U.S. popular culture that depict male and female characters to determine the extent to which gender stereotypes were portrayed. We examined popular Halloween costumes (90 female costumes and 90 male costumes) from popular retail websites, 79 popular dolls and 71 popular action figures from national store websites, and Valentines found at two national stores (portraying 54 female and 59 male characters). The coding system was adapted from several different studies. Female characters were far more likely than male characters to be depicted with traditional feminine stereotyped cues (e.g., decorative clothing) and sexually submissive, hyper-feminine cues (e.g., revealing clothing). Male characters were far more likely to be portrayed with traditional masculine characteristics like functional clothing and the body-in-motion, and they were often depicted with hyper-masculine accessories such as having a weapon. Implications for children’s gender-role development and the perpetuation of patriarchy are discussed.
COMPUGIRLS: Stepping Stone to Future Computer-Based Technology Pathways.

The COMPUGIRLS: Culturally relevant technology program for adolescent girls was developed to promote underrepresented girls' future possible selves and career pathways in computer-related technolog...
Efficacy and safety of intravenously administered pantoprazole in the treatment of gastrinoma

The efficacy and safety of the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole (P) in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is well documented. We treated 21 patients with ZES with intravenous P; 13 of these patients were treated surgically in advance. The effect of P was very rapid, with reduction of the acid output within 15 min and its normalization within 60 min. The control of gastric acid secretion was maintained for a mean of 10.9 hours after the infusion of P. We conclude that the use of intravenous P allows a safe and efficient control of the acid ipersecretion in patients with ZES.
A mRNA localized to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus oocytes encodes a protein with a nanos-like zinc finger domain

mRNAs concentrated in specific regions of the oocyte have been found to encode determinants that specify cell fate. We show that an intermediate filament fraction isolated from Xenopus stage VI oocytes specifically contains, in addition to Vg1 RNA, a new localized mRNA, Xcat-2. Like Vg1, Xcat-2 is found in the vegetal cortical region, is inherited by the vegetal blasomeres during development, and is degraded very early in development. Sequence analysis suggests that Xcat-2 encodes a protein that belongs to the CCHC RNA-binding family of zinc finger proteins. Interestingly, the closest known relative to Xcat-2 in this family is nanos, an RNA localized to the posterior pole of the Drosophila oocyte whose protein product suppresses the translation of the transcription factor hunchback. The localized and maternally restricted expression of Xcat-2 RNA suggests a role for its protein in setting up regional differences in gene expression that occur early in development.
Ensemble leadership theory: Collectivist, relational, and heterarchical roots from indigenous contexts:

We offer an “ensemble” theory of leadership that emerges from contemporary indigenous scholarship and also from the archeology of the prehispanic southwest. We see ensemble leadership theory as sta...
The Carrot and the Stick

When Jefferson assumed his position in the Washington administration the United States faced numerous problems of foreign policy. Most prominent was the challenge to the national government to establish itself as a sovereign, independent body enjoying the support of its citizens and the respect of foreign powers. Others were the disagreement with Britain over its fulfillment of the terms of the treaty of Paris; Spanish control of the Mississippi and the disputed boundary between Georgia and Sapnish Florida; restrictions on United States exports throughout Europe; and European exclusion of American vessels from direct trade with their New World colonies. Since the young nation lacked the military might to coerce its rivals, or to earn their respect, commerce became both carrot and stick in Jefferson’s grand vision for American foreign policy. American commercial policy was thus shaped first and foremost by issues of national power and national honor rather than by economic considerations.
Clinical Neurotoxicological Concerns on Drugs of Abuse

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses traditional drugs of abuse and their synthetic analogs, with a special emphasis on their neurological complications and known neurotoxic effects. Ethanol is one of the two most frequently encountered drugs of abuse, the other being tobacco. Ethanol abuse constitutes a major economic and public health problem throughout much of the world. The consumption of small amounts of ethanol produces a state of intoxication characterized by altered mood, mild incoordination, and impaired mentation. Methanol (methyl alcohol) is a colorless liquid that is easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Methanol is a component of many household and workplace products, and because of its readily availability, it is often used as a substitute for ethanol by alcoholics when the latter is unavailable. Not uncommonly, it is also deliberately ingested in suicide attempts. Methanol is metabolized by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase, forming formaldehyde and formate, and it is the accumulation of these metabolites that is responsible for its toxic effects. The ingestion of clandestinely manufactured drugs by the unsuspecting user also carries the potential for serious toxicity.
Aus dem «Dorfe» in den «Stürmischen Morgen». Zu zwei Liedern aus Wilhelm Müllers und Franz Schuberts «Die Winterreise»

Die Winterreise , written by the romantic author Wilhelm Muller and set to music by Franz Schubert, is one of the most important poem cycles of German tradition. Since the second half of the 20th century these texts have been taken out of their context and more and more politically interpreted, that is ideologically instrumentalized. That this leads to misinter­pretations is demonstrated with reference to the poems Im Dorfe and Der sturmische Morgen . Here we have to do, not with political beacons, but with the aesthetic realization of a pes­simism that influenced significantly the philosophy and literature of the early 19th century.
Timing and severity of post-discharge morbidity after hepatectomy

Abstract Background In order to decrease cost and increase healthcare quality there is an ongoing effort to reduce readmissions after complex operations. The timing and severity of post-discharge complications after hepatectomy need to be better defined. Methods All patients undergoing liver resection at a single institution from Jan 2009–Jun 2015 were included. Complications were scored using the comprehensive complication index (CCI). Multivariate analysis is performed using logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) were analyzed to optimize the Readmission Risk Index (RRI). Results Of the 258 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 26 (10%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge after hepatectomy. On multivariate analysis age ≥68 years (OR 3.76; 95% CI 1.47–9.63, p = 0.006), CCI ≥ 15 (OR 3.65; 95% CI 1.39–9.56, p = 0.008), maximum temperature within 48 h of discharge (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.17–7.75, p = 0.022) and white blood cell count ≥10.2 billion cells/L within 48 h of discharge (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.04–8, p = 0.043) were independent predictors of 30-day readmission. These variables were used to develop the RRI (ROC area 0.80; 95% CI 0.70–0.9, p Conclusion The CCI and pre-discharge variables can help identify individuals at risk of readmission. Readmission risk reduction efforts should focus on this subset of patients.
The continuing relevance of “queer” theology for the rest of the field

ABSTRACTWhat does it mean to queer theology? How is this task of queering theology relevant to and engaged with mainstream academic theological discourse? What is already queer about theology? What direction should queering theology take in the future? This special issue examines these key questions, among others, which are at the heart of the overall project that has been referred to as “queer theology”. In this introduction to the volume, we outline common strands of thought, and key issues and questions that undergird and interlace the essays in this volume. We also provide a brief history of queer theology, highlighting four themes that we consider essential to the study of queer theology as a whole: (1) the role of witness, (2) the project of disentangling the “real” issues from the incidentals in reactions to a queer presence in the Church, (3) the creative rereading of tradition with an eye toward emancipation and (4) the ways in which queer theology orients the field of theological studies as a wh...
What does a feminist curiosity bring to African military history? An analysis and an intervention

This essay uses feminist scholarship to engender African military history. It begins by examining the ways in which gender has—or has not—been integrated into African military history over the last ten years. Next, it analyzes some of the most influential feminist scholarship on gender and militarism in Africa today. Although most of this literature has not been produced by historians, it has much to teach us about how gender can be critically interrogated within our own work. The penultimate section considers the importance of cultivating a feminist curiosity and discusses what this type of critical thinking can bring to African military history. And finally, the conclusion reflects upon the future of the field, describing what needs to be done and how we might get there.
Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for Organ 3D Bioprinting

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a family of enabling technologies that can be used to manufacture human organs with predefined hierarchical structures, material constituents and physiological functions. The main objective of these technologies is to produce high-throughput and/or customized organ substitutes (or bioartificial organs) with heterogeneous cell types or stem cells along with other biomaterials that are able to repair, replace or restore the defect/failure counterparts. Gelatin-based hydrogels, such as gelatin/fibrinogen, gelatin/hyaluronan and gelatin/alginate/fibrinogen, have unique features in organ 3D bioprinting technologies. This article is an overview of the intrinsic/extrinsic properties of the gelatin-based hydrogels in organ 3D bioprinting areas with advanced technologies, theories and principles. The state of the art of the physical/chemical crosslinking methods of the gelatin-based hydrogels being used to overcome the weak mechanical properties is highlighted. A multicellular model made from adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the predefined 3D constructs is emphasized. Multi-nozzle extrusion-based organ 3D bioprinting technologies have the distinguished potential to eventually manufacture implantable bioartificial organs for purposes such as customized organ restoration, high-throughput drug screening and metabolic syndrome model establishment.
Structure and Oxidation States of Giant Unit Cell Compound Dy117+xFe57–ySn112–z

Motivated by the complex structure and properties of giant unit cell intermetallic compounds, a new isostructural Fe analogue of the Dy117Co57Sn112 structure type was synthesized. Single crystals of Dy122Fe55Sn101 were grown at 1260 °C via a Dy–Fe eutectoid flux. The Fe analogue also adopts the space group Fm3m with lattice parameters a = 29.914(9) A, V = 26769(23) A3, and Z = 4. Dy122Fe55Sn101 has a large cell volume, structural complexity, and consists of seven Dy, eight Fe, and ten Sn unique crystallographic sites. There are fifteen fully occupied atomic positions, three unique pairs of alternating atomic positions with positional disorder, and seven partially occupied atomic sites. Within this complex unit cell, only approximately half the unique atomic positions are fully occupied with the remainder of the atoms either positionally or occupationally disordered. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the compound contains Dy3+, Fe0, Fe2+, Sn0, and Sn4+.
Science training and environmental journalism today: Effects of science journalism training for midcareer professionals

ABSTRACTA small number of programs provide training on scientific and environmental topics to early- and midcareer journalists across the globe. Yet there are questions about the effectiveness of these programs: Do they make a difference in science reporting quality or quantity? What aspects of training are most impactful? Do journalists find the training worthwhile? Using surveys, quantitative content analysis, and semistructured interviews, this study addressed these questions by exploring the process and impacts of science journalism training program on participants' reporting behavior, with a focus on how reporters use scientific information and sources, reporter confidence in reporting scientific stories, and reflections on the training experience. The empirical results reveal journalists felt training gave them more confidence and skills for science reporting, and content analyses show small positive changes in source selection, references to scientific uncertainty, and thematic framing in the year ...
Virtual Invisible Disk Design for Information System Security.

Information is one of the important enterprise assets for any organization or institute in order to facilitate dayto-day operation and effective decision-making. Access to the right information by the right people is increasingly vital in gaining a competitive advantage. However, managers of information system are facing real challenges with the growth of security risks created by intruders using modern hacking techniques. For this reason, it is imperative that these issues should be addressed in order to ensure security for the information system. This research focuses on three of the major issues related to information security: Confidentiality, Data Integrity and Availability of Services and Secure Information Storage. In this paper we present the Model of a Virtual Invisible Disk (VID) and discuss a timeout key session technique. The authentication method for the VID is based upon incorporating biological information into a secret key to Access the VID that can assist in overcoming the constantly growing security challenges.
UES Opening Muscle Dysfunction

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is composed of the cricopharyngeus (CP), the inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC), and the most proximal segment of the esophagus and maintains a high pressure zone between pharynx and esophagus. UES opening mechanism during deglutition is multifactorial and includes the combination of neural relaxation of tonically contracted crycopharyngeus muscle, traction forces imparted by the suprahyoid (SH) UES opening muscles, intrabolus pressure generated by the oncoming bolus, and distensibility of the UES musculature [1, 2]. Each of the aforementioned factors involved in UES opening can potentially be modified to compensate for deficiency of others in a compensated state allowing complete pharyngeal clearance; failing to do so results in an uncompensated state, diminished deglutitive UES opening resulting in incomplete pharyngeal clearance, and postdeglutitive residue and potentially postdeglutitive aspiration.
Cancer of the scalp.

Carcinomas on the scalp have a tendency to recur following traditional treatment. Their management is often difficult because of the extent of the tumor and the unique anatomy of the area. In order to maximize cure rates for complicated carcinomas, Mohs micrographic surgeons and other surgical specialists have formed interdisciplinary treatment teams. Resection of bone, parotid/facial nerve dissection, and neck dissection are often necessary. Interdisciplinary cooperation in the treatment of skin cancer leads to maximal utilization of expertise and is a major advance in cancer treatment.
Sentiment, richness, authority, and relevance model of information sharing during social Crises—the case of #MH370 tweets

Abstract The study introduces a model of crisis information sharing based on Twitter discussions of the missing Malaysian Airlines Flight 370. Grounded in the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the study tests four salient factors: Sentiment, Richness, Authority, and Relevance, which can be measured by peripheral cues in tweets and in user profiles. Findings suggest that information sharing is positively associated with the presence of peripheral cues indicative of a confident, self-revealing and positive emotional language style, and is negatively related to an angry and informal style. Additionally, information sharing is related to the presence of multimedia cues and cues indicating source popularity.
"Grow what you eat, eat what you grow": urban agriculture as middle class intervention in India

In Bengaluru, India's "IT Capital" and one of its fastest growing cities, an increasing number of middle class residents are growing fruits and vegetables in their private spaces for home consumption. This article examines the motivations and practices of Bengaluru's organic terrace gardeners ("OTGians") in order to understand the possibilities and limitations of urban gardening as a middle class intervention into unsafe food systems and decaying urban ecologies. OTGians are driven primarily by concerns about worsening food quality and safety, and secondarily by the desire to create green spaces that counteract environmental degradation in the city. Like community gardeners in the Global North, they understand urban gardening as a way to mediate problems in the contemporary food system and the urban ecology. However, like other alternative food and environmental movements, OTGians' efforts are anchored in class-specific concerns and experiences. While they have been successful in creating a vibrant community, their efforts remain limited to the middle class. This is in large part due to the site, scale, and production practices that anchor their interventions. I briefly consider a different approach to food production in Bengaluru—that of a caste-specific farming community that has been dispossessed of much of its agricultural land in the name of urban development—to illuminate divergent histories, narratives, and practices of urban agriculture. However, I also emphasize the sites of intersection between these narratives, and suggest that OTGians can find commonalities with other food producers in the city in ways that might revolutionize Bengaluru's food future. I thus look for potential sites of collaboration and intersection in understanding the uneven power relations and politics of urban socio-natures.
The glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain confers drug-gated protein regulation in C. elegans

Author(s): Monsalve, Gabriela; Yamamoto, Keith; Ward, Jordan | Abstract: Abstract Controlling protein activity and localization is a key tool in modern biology. Mammalian steroid receptor ligand-binding domains (LBDs) fusions have been used in a range of organisms and cell-types to inactivate proteins of interest until the cognate steroid ligand is applied. Here, we demonstrate that the glucocorticoid receptor LBD confers ligand-gated control of a heterologous gene expression system (Q system) and the DAF-16 transcription factor in C. elegans . These experiments demonstrate provide a powerful tool for temporal control of protein activity, and will bolster existing tools used to modulate gene expression and protein activity in this animal.
Patients’ willingness to share digital health and non-health data for research: a cross-sectional study

Patients generate large amounts of digital data through devices, social media applications, and other online activities. Little is known about patients’ perception of the data they generate online and its relatedness to health, their willingness to share data for research, and their preferences regarding data use. Patients at an academic urban emergency department were asked if they would donate any of 19 different types of data to health researchers and were asked about their views on data types’ health relatedness. Factor analysis was used to identify the structure in patients’ perceptions of willingness to share different digital data, and their health relatedness. Of 595 patients approached 206 agreed to participate, of whom 104 agreed to share at least one types of digital data immediately, and 78% agreed to donate at least one data type after death. EMR, wearable, and Google search histories (80%) had the highest percentage of reported health relatedness. 72% participants wanted to know the results of any analysis of their shared data, and half wanted their healthcare provider to know. Patients in this study were willing to share a considerable amount of personal digital data with health researchers. They also recognize that digital data from many sources reveal information about their health. This study opens up a discussion around reconsidering US privacy protections for health information to reflect current opinions and to include their relatedness to health.
A forgotten translingual pioneer: Elizaveta Kul’man and her self-translated poetry

Elizaveta Borisovna Kul’man (1808-1825) is a unique figure in the history of Russian literature, or more precisely, the history of Russian, German, and Italian literature. A child prodigy with formidable linguistic gifts, Kul’man stands out both with her polyglot prowess and outsized literary productivity. At the time of her premature death at age seventeen, Kul’man left behind a vast unpublished oeuvre in multiple languages. The edition of her works published by the Imperial Russian Academy in 1833 contains a trilingual compendium of hundreds of parallel poems written in Russian, German, and Italian. The writing of poetic texts in three languages simultaneously makes Kul’man an early practitioner of what has been called “synchronous self-translation”. Not only are the poems linked horizontally as mutual translations of each other, they also pose as translations of a fictitious Greek source. Kul’man thus combines translation, self-translation, and pseudo-translation into a unified whole. This article discusses the genesis of Kul’man’s translingualism and explores her trilingual poetics in more detail by following the metamorphosis of one particular poem through its incarnations in Russian, German and Italian. It argues that Kul’man’s translingual creativity anticipates more recent developments in twentieth and twenty-first-century poetry produced by globally dispersed Russians.
Sifting through the weeds: Relationships between cannabis use frequency measures and delay discounting.

Abstract Background Delay Discounting (DD) relates to more frequent cannabis use, but results are variable, potentially because of variations in whether integrated or single-item measures are used, and whether the timeframe of measures is narrow or broad. Explicating the relationship between DD and cannabis use may result from comparing use indices that vary on these characteristics. Methods This online study of current cannabis users (n = 1,800) assessed DD and three cannabis use frequency items: number of days of use in the past month, times used per day, and weekly-monthly use. A fourth index derived with Latent Class Analysis (LCA) integrated days per month and times per day to try to better characterize frequency patterns. Effect sizes reflecting relations between cannabis use frequency indices and DD were compared. Results Three frequency classes emerged from the LCA (Low-Moderate-High). DD was significantly associated with times per day (r = 0.11, d = 0.21), days of use (r = 0.09, d = 0.18), and the LCA index (r = 0.06, d = 0.13), but not weekly-monthly use (r = 0.04, d = 0.09). Times per day was more strongly related to DD than LCA classes (p Conclusions Cannabis use frequency measures with narrower timeframes may demonstrate stronger positive relationships to DD. The LCA index did not improve the relationship between frequency and DD, potentially because of shared variance between use days and times per day. Specific characteristics of cannabis use frequency may be particularly indicative of excessive DD.
Feeling and Acting Like a Teacher: Reconceptualizing Teachers' Emotional Labor.

Background/ContextEmpirical research indicates that teachers across ages and academic contexts regularly engage in emotional labor, and this emotional labor contributes to their job satisfaction, t...
Secondary-Source Core Reload Modeling with VERA

The CASL reactor simulation package VERA has been adapted to provide high-fidelity simulation capabilities for modeling source range detector response during subcritical reactor configurations. New...
Temporal and Agricultural Factors Influence Escherichia coli Survival in Soil and Transfer to Cucumbers

Biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO) increase nutrient levels in soils to support the production of fruits and vegetables. BSAAOs may introduce or extend the survival of bacterial pathogens which can be transferred to fruits and vegetables to cause foodborne illness. Escherichia coli survival over 120 days in soil plots (3 m2) covered with (mulched) or without plastic mulch (not mulched), amended with either poultry litter, composted poultry litter, heat-treated poultry pellets, or chemical fertilizer, and transfer to cucumbers in 2 years (2018 and 2019) were evaluated. Plots were inoculated with E. coli (8.5 log CFU/m2) and planted with cucumber seedlings (Supremo). The number of days needed to reduce E. coli levels by 4 log CFU (dpi4log) was determined using a sigmoidal decline model. Random forest regression and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; P < 0.05) identified predictors (soil properties, nutrients, and weather factors) of dpi4log of E. coli and transfer to cucumbers. The combination of year, amendment, and mulch (25.0% increase in the mean square error [IncMSE]) and year (9.75% IncMSE) were the most prominent predictors of dpi4log and transfer to cucumbers, respectively. Nitrate levels at 30 days and soil moisture at 40 days were also impactful predictors of dpi4log. Differing rainfall amounts in 2018 (24.9 in.) and 2019 (12.6 in.) affected E. coli survival in soils and transfer to cucumbers. Salmonella spp. were recovered sporadically from various plots but were not recovered from cucumbers in either year. Greater transfer of E. coli to cucumbers was also shown to be partially dependent on dpi4log of E. coli in plots containing BSAAO.IMPORTANCE Poultry litter and other biological soil amendments are commonly used fertilizers in fruit and vegetable production and can introduce enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella previously associated with outbreaks of illness linked to contaminated produce. E. coli survival duration in soils covered with plastic mulch or uncovered and containing poultry litter or heat-treated poultry litter pellets were evaluated. Nitrate levels on day 30 and moisture content in soils on day 40 on specific days were good predictors of E. coli survival in soils; however, the combination of year, amendment, and mulch type was a better predictor. Different cumulative rainfall totals from year to year most likely affected the transfer of E. coli from soils to cucumbers and survival durations in soil. E. coli survival in soils can be extended by the addition of several poultry litter-based soil amendments commonly used in organic production of fruits and vegetables and is highly dependent on temporal variation in rainfall.