cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HoxA9 Activates Transcription of the Gene Encoding Gp91phox, a Respiratory Burst Oxidase Protein, during Myeloid Differentiation.

Transcription of the CYBB gene, which encodes the respiratory burst oxidase protein, gp91phox, is restricted to phagocytic cells, differentiated beyond the promyelocyte stage. Regulation of CYBB transcription involves several repressor cis elements in the promoter. These repressor elements are homologous to the derived consensus sequence for DNA-binding of HoxA10 as a hetero-dimer with Pbx1a. The HoxA10/Pbx1 complex recruits histone deacetylase 2 and represses CYBB transcription in undifferentiated cells. During myeloid differentiation, HoxA10 is tyrosine phosphorylated, which decreases DNA-binding affinity for the CYBB repressor element. In our previous investigations, we found this decreased binding affinity requires phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues in the DNA-binding homeodomain. These residues are highly conserved with other HoxA proteins. However, we also found decreased DNA-binding requires interaction of these homeodomain tyrosines with a non-conserved domain, amino terminal in HoxA10. In previous investigations, we determined these CYBB repressor cis elements function as positive cis elements in differentiated myeloid cells, and interact with an unidentified protein complex. In these studies, we investigate the proteins involved in transcriptional activation of the CYBB gene, via these promoter sequences. We find this cis element is activated by HoxA9 and Pbx1a, in differentiating myeloid cells. Consistent with this, we find increased binding of HoxA9 to this CYBB cis element, during myeloid differentiation, in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with our results with HoxA10, we find HoxA9 is tyrosine phosphorylated during myeloid differentiation. However, in contrast to HoxA10, we find tyrosine phosphorylation of the conserved residues in the HoxA9 DNA-binding homeodomain increases binding to the CYBB cis element. Therefore, we conclude HoxA10 and HoxA9 have opposing functions, for myeloid specific gene transcription, during differentiation. We also find these functions are regulated by post translational modification of conserved tyrosine residues in the homeodomain regions of these proteins. Additionally, our results suggest differences in the effect of phosphorylation of these residues on DNA-binding is likely due to interaction with non-conserved domains in HoxA9 and HoxA10.
Symbionts mediate oviposition behaviour in invasive and native woodwasps

Globalization leads to the introduction of invasive species that are often accompanied by associated microorganisms, and this can lead to homogenization of both introduced hosts and microbes with the native biota. One such example is the invasive Eurasian woodwasp Sirex noctilio, which inoculates pines with an obligate nutritional mutualist, the white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum. Although S. noctilio has been previously introduced outside of its native range, its arrival in North America was the first time that it was introduced to communities hosting native Sirex species and Amylostereum strains. We conducted experiments aiming to investigate acceptance versus avoidance of native and non-native Amylostereum strains and species during ovipositor drilling by females of S. noctilio and a native congener, Sirex nigricornis. Sirex noctilio preferred wood without prior fungal emplacement, whereas S. nigricornis preferred wood inoculated with one of the strains of Amylostereum that putatively invaded with S. noctilio. Drilling and presumed oviposition by both woodwasp species were highly aggregated. Based on the responses of these two Sirex species to the fungal strains and species included in the present study, the invasive S. noctilio would continue its present symbiont associations, whereas the native S. nigricornis would partly use the strain of fungal symbiont putatively introduced with S. noctilio.
CXCL12/CXCR4-Mediated Procollagen Secretion Is Coupled To Cullin-RING Ubiquitin Ligase Activation

Tissue fibrosis is mediated by the actions of multiple pro-fibrotic proteins that can induce myofibroblast phenoconversion through diverse signaling pathways coupled predominantly to Smads or MEK/Erk proteins. The TGFβ/TGFβR and CXCL12/CXCR4 axes induce myofibroblast phenoconversion independently through Smads and MEK/Erk proteins, respectively. To investigate these mechanisms at the genetic level, we have now elucidated the TGFβ/TGFβR and CXCL12/CXCR4 transcriptomes in human fibroblasts. These transcriptomes are largely convergent, and up-regulate transcripts encoding proteins known to promote myofibroblast phenoconversion. These studies also revealed a molecular signature unique to CXCL12/CXCR4 axis activation for COPII vesicle formation, ubiquitination, and Golgi/ER localization/targeting. In particular, both CUL3 and KLHL12, key members of the Cullin-RING (CRL) ubiquitin ligase family of proteins involved in procollagen transport from the ER to the Golgi, were highly up-regulated in CXCL12-, but repressed in TGFβ-, treated cells. Up-regulation of CUL3 and KLHL12 was correlated with higher procollagen secretion by CXCL12-treated cells, and this affect was ablated upon treatment with inhibitors specific for CXCR4 or CUL3 and repressed by TGFβ/TGFβR axis activation. The results of these studies show that activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis uniquely facilitates procollagen I secretion through a COPII-vesicle mediated mechanism to promote production of the ECM characteristic of fibrosis.
Teaching Music History to Non-Native English Speaking Students: An Exploration of the Cultural and Linguistic Challenges

Discussions about teaching in a multilinguistic and multicultural environment must consider the complex identities of students coming from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds as well as the many-sided aspects of what constitutes a marginalized group: from racial to economic, from cultural to gender related. The task becomes even more compelling when this diversity applies not only to the cultural and ethnic range among American students, but also to the many foreign and non-native English speaking students that populate American universities. This article focuses on how the exponential growth of international students in the United States, mostly from Asian countries, presents unparalleled challenges and calls for an in-depth study not only on how we revitalize the music history curriculum, but also on how we approach this transmission of knowledge from a linguistic, cultural, and ethical point of view and, therefore, balance educational intentions with an awareness of the complexity of students’ identities.
Framework for reliability growth and rework projections for launch vehicles during testing

Completing the development process and getting to first flight has become a difficult hurdle for launch vehicles. Program cancellations in the last 30 years were largely due to cost overruns and schedule slips during the design, development, testing and evaluation (DDT&E) process. Unplanned rework cycles that occur during verification, validation, and testing (VVT) phases of development contribute significantly to these overruns, accounting for up to 75% of development cost. Current industry standard VVT planning is largely subjective with no method for evaluating the impact of rework. The goal of this research is to formulate and implement a method that will quantitatively capture the impact of unplanned rework by assessing the reliability growth that occurs throughout VVT. Typical reliability growth models for launch vehicles state that their respective models can be used during the testing phase, but are primarily used to model launch vehicle test flights where all failure modes are observable in a fully integrated system. Development testing for launch vehicles and launch vehicle subsystems does not always allow for fully integrated tests. Due to the extreme operating environment, lower fidelity testing is more common because it is less cost-prohibitive, and only a handful of flight tests are conducted. The fidelity level of development tests gets progressively higher as the system develops. This implies that each trial or test cannot be treated equally. To enable the use of a reliability growth model that assesses individual tests during development, when the fidelity of VVT activities varies, the fidelity level of each test is defined and the probability of rework between activities is modeled using a dependency structure matrix. A discrete event simulation then projects the occurrence of rework cycles during the testing process and predicts the reliability growth through an implementation of Halls framework. This method is applied to the Space Shuttle Main Engine to demonstrate how the impact of rework can be estimated during early design, using the actual test history as a baseline.
Basic Vascular and Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology is a subspecialty replete with innovative techniques and rapidly evolving procedures. Minimally invasive appliances and new devices are consistently being developed, making IR an exciting field for the radiologist. The opportuanity to diagnose and treat patients makes this subspecialty unique and challenging.
Evaluation of nisin-coated cellulose casings for the control of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto the surface of commercially prepared frankfurters.

Commercially prepared frankfurters were formulated with and without ~1.4% potassium lactate and 0.1% sodium diacetate and were subsequently processed in cellulose casings coated with and without nisin (~50,000 IU per square inch of internal surface area) to control the outgrowth of Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage. The frankfurters were inoculated with ~5 log CFU per package of a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes and then vacuum sealed before being stored at 4° C for 60 to 90 days. Surviving organisms were recovered and enumerated by rinsing each package with 18 ml of sterile 0.1% peptone water and plating onto MOX selective agar. The data for each of two trials were averaged. In packages that contained frankfurters formulated with potassium lactate and sodium diacetate and prepared in nisin-coated casings, L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 1.15 log CFU per package after 90 days of storage. L. monocytogenes levels decreased by 0.95 log CFU per package in frankfurters that were p...
Electromagnetic Brain Source Imaging by Means of a Robust Minimum Variance Beamformer

Objective : Adaptive beamformer methods that have been extensively used for functional brain imaging using EEG/MEG (magnetoencephalography) signals are sensitive to model mismatches. We propose a robust minimum variance beamformer (RMVB) technique, which explicitly incorporates the uncertainty of the lead field matrix into the estimation of spatial-filter weights that are subsequently used to perform the imaging. Methods : The uncertainty of the lead field is modeled by ellipsoids in the RMVB method; these hyperellipsoids (ellipsoids in higher dimensions) define regions of uncertainty for a given nominal lead field vector. These ellipsoids are estimated empirically by sampling lead field vectors surrounding each point of the source space, or more generally by building several forward models for the source space. Once these uncertainty regions (ellipsoids) are estimated, they are used to perform the source-imaging task. Computer simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed RMVB technique. Results : Our results show that robust beamformers can outperform conventional beamformers in terms of localization error, recovering source dynamics, and estimation of the underlying source extents when uncertainty in the lead field matrix is properly determined and modeled. Conclusion : The RMVB can be substituted for conventional beamformers, especially in applications where source imaging is performed off-line, and computational speed and complexity are not of major concern. Significance : A high-quality source imaging can be utilized in various applications, such as determining the epileptogenic zone in medically intractable epilepsy patients or estimating the time course of activity, which is a required step for computing the functional connectivity of brain networks.
Advances in mucin mimic synthesis and applications in surface science

Mucins are a class of glycoproteins that serve key roles in tissue protection, hydration, and lubrication. However, their study and application are complicated by their post-translational modifications, heterogeneity, and their propensity to deteriorate upon isolation. As a result, several groups have made strides in synthesizing mucin-mimicking compounds for systematic study and therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review general mucin structure, recent trends in the design and synthesis of mucin mimics, and the ways mucin analogues can outperform native mucins. Specifically, we highlight the structures of lubricin and aggrecan, which are the subject of many biomimetic approaches. Furthermore, we showcase the structural features that allow analogues to mimic mucin functions and categorize them based on their roles as monolayer coatings, gel formers, or adhesion promoters. Lastly, we examine the chemical composition of mucin analogues, emphasizing how modular approaches provide flexibility to repurpose mucin mimics for different applications.
The F-Box Domain-Dependent Activity of EMI1 Regulates PARPi Sensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.

Summary The BRCA1-BRCA2-RAD51 axis is essential for homologous recombination repair (HRR) and is frequently disrupted in breast cancers. PARP inhibitors (PARPis) are used clinically to treat BRCA-mutated breast tumors. Using a genetic screen, we identified EMI1 as a modulator of PARPi sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. This function requires the F-box domain of EMI1, through which EMI1 assembles a canonical SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that constitutively targets RAD51 for degradation. In response to genotoxic stress, CHK1-mediated phosphorylation of RAD51 counteracts EMI1-dependent degradation by enhancing RAD51’s affinity for BRCA2, leading to RAD51 accumulation. Inhibition of RAD51 degradation restores HRR in BRCA1-depleted cells. Human breast cancer samples display an inverse correlation between EMI1 and RAD51 protein levels. A subset of BRCA1-deficient TNBC cells develop resistance to PARPi by downregulating EMI1 and restoring RAD51-dependent HRR. Notably, reconstitution of EMI1 expression reestablishes PARPi sensitivity both in cellular systems and in an orthotopic mouse model.
Giant carotid pseudoaneurysm amenable to pipeline stenting in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos type IV.

Background Ehlers-Danlos type IV primarily affects collagen synthesis in the vasculature, increasing the risk of these patients to have dissection and pseudoaneurysm formation. Due to friable vessels, antiplatelet or anticoagulation has been the treatment of choice. However, newer intravascular surgical devices may be promising for future management. Case description A 24-year-old man with a history of Ehlers-Danlos type IV with multiple vascular and bleeding complications presented after recurrent, unprovoked presyncopal episodes. Patient was found to have dissection of bilateral internal carotid arteries (ICA) and right vertebral artery. Left ICA pseudoaneurysm was found in the proximal cervical segment. Patient was stabilized as an inpatient and discharged with outpatient follow-up with neurointerventional surgery. Follow-up imaging showed growth of the left ICA aneurysm. Patient elected to have pipeline stenting of the left ICA pseudoaneurysm. The procedure was performed without complication. Patient was discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy. At 7-month follow-up appointment, patient noted no neurological deficits. Follow-up digital subtraction angiogram at 7 months documented near-complete resolution of the pseudoaneurysm secondary to pipeline stenting. Conclusion Pipeline stent implantation may be a viable corrective surgical option for patients with connective tissue disorders (specifically Ehlers-Danlos type IV) who present with pseudoaneurysm formation.
Ultrabroadband integrated photonic filters for waveguide-based sensing systems

We describe the design and characterization of broadband, multi-stage waveguide lattice filters intended for integrated photonic sensing systems. The 8-stage filter provides 20 dB extinction at the filter resonance adjacent to a 190 μm passband. © 2019 The Author(s)
Capacity, Advanced Planning, and Buying Time

The emergency department (ED) is a challenging environment to provide patient-centered end of life care. However, because patients frequently visit the ED near the end of life, it is an important site for discussing and initiating end of life care that is consistent with patients’ values and goals. We discuss the initial approach to determining medical decision-making capacity in the critically ill adult in the ED followed by advance care planning and its relevant components. Finally, we review end of life care communication in the ED and the role of select potential interventions for patients with palliative care needs.
Viewing perspective malrotation influences angular measurements on lateral radiographs of the scapula.

Background Accurate and reliable assessment of acromial tilt (ATA) and slope (ASA) angles have been important in the clinical evaluation of degenerative and traumatic rotator cuff tears. This study analyzed the influence of radiographic viewing perspective on the ATA and ASA and developed criteria to identify true lateral (TL) view radiographs. Methods Three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions of 52 scapulae without rotator cuff tears or osteoarthritis were studied. Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) were aligned to obtain a TL view. In 10 random scapulae, incremental ante- and retroversion and up- and downward rotation views were generated (10° increments, ±30°), and ATA and ASA were measured by 2 observers. Clinically applicable criteria were developed and validated to identify TL views. Results The mean ATA and ASA on TL views were 33°±4° (range 23°-42°) and 22°±7° (8°-43°), respectively. Mixed effect models showed that DRRs malpositioned in 20° and 30° anteversion and downward rotation decreased the ATA (P ≤ .030). DRRs malpositioned in anteversion and >10° of up- and downward rotation demonstrated a significantly decreased ASA (P ≤ .047). Intra- and interobserver reliability was excellent for TL views (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.95) but decreased with increasing viewing angle. Anatomic landmark criteria were capable of identifying TL-view radiographs with sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 82%. Conclusion Both ATA and ASA were significantly affected by malposition in anteversion and downward rotation of the scapula. Reliable ASA measurement was more susceptible in up- and downward rotation than the ATA. New visual criteria can identify TL-view radiographs and should be used in future studies to ensure consistency in ATA and ASA measurement.
Structural intervention effects in the acquisition of sluicing

Experimental studies show that children have greater difficulty with wh-extraction from object position than subject position, arguably an intervention effect (e.g., Relativized Minimality). In thi...
A Comment on 'Modeling COVID-19 Scenarios for the United States'

A recent paper published in the journal Nature-Medicine from the Institute for Health Metrics Evaluation (IHME) claimed that as of September 21, 2020 only 49% of Americans have adopted mask usage in public in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. By implication, the IHME authors suggest there are still substantial gains to be had by moving toward universal mask adoption, including saving as many as 130,000 lives. As this comment documents, the IHME authors appear to have relied upon outdated survey responses from the late spring and early summer to reach their 49% mask use estimate for September. More recent surveys indicate the United States has moved rapidly toward universal mask adoption, with actual public use rates hovering between 75-80% as of late September. This figure suggests we are much closer to the minimum 85% mask adoption target of the IHME model than their paper indicated. As a result, the gains from additional mask adoption between the present and February 2020 are likely significantly smaller than the IHME model projects.
«In sul verde e ‘n su’ fiori». Il canto dei principi nella «Valletta fiorita» della Commedia.

In this contribution we analyze the compositional singularity of one of the places of Dante's journey least influenced by medieval theological thought: The Antipurgatory. It reveals a freedom of invention and writing that converts the first nine cantos of Purgatorio into one of the most fruitful grounds of critical experimentation in contemporary Dante criticism. Inside the purgatorial vestibule we will analyze the last place visited by Dante’s character before arriving at the threshold of St. Peter’s door: the «Valletta fiorita». Of this pre-Edenic place -almost independent within the antipurgatorial geography - we will analyze how sound and musical messages help construct a liturgical space which turns out to be much more elaborate than those previously crossed by the protagonist of the poem.
92 – Information Resource Discovery for Surgeons: Databases and the Internet

A combination of the new developments in science and medicine, the explosion of publishing, and the introduction of electronic devices and resources makes keeping current in one's field a challenge. Developing a pattern of lifelong learning requires more than finding articles through a database search. The sheer number of journals, books, databases, and Internet resources is overwhelming. It calls for a vigorous systematic method for keeping abreast. How a surgeon, physician, or scientist develops a plan of reading is an individual decision, but it needs to include a variety of resources. The entry point for most individuals in medicine today is the database. With its accessibility from home, laboratory, or library, and the ability to research topics, the database search is the key to current information. Reading or scanning surgical journals often introduces the reader to topics or advances not found elsewhere. Serendipity plays an important role in bringing forth new ideas, starting the reader on a path of learning and discovery. The articles and books are edited and often reviewed by experts. Once in print form, material cannot be manipulated or reordered by readers. This is not true for the materials published on the Internet. There are many valuable and authoritative resources available, published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), but anyone may post a web page and make unsubstantiated statements.
Evaluation of Machine Translation and its Evaluation

Evaluation of MT evaluation measures is limited by inconsistent human judgment data. Nonetheless, machine translation can be evaluated using the well-known measures precision, recall, and their average, the F-measure. The unigram-based F-measure has significantly higher correlation with human judgments than recently proposed alternatives. More importantly, this standard measure has an intuitive graphical interpretation, which can facilitate insight into how MT systems might be improved. The relevant software is publicly available from http://nlp.cs.nyu.edu/GTM/.
Bovine serum albumin as a catalyst. VI. Specificity of several nucleophilic groups in the protein for N-dansylaziridine.

Abstract The reaction of N-dansylaziridine with serum albumin (both bovine and human) results in incorporation of about 3 mol of covalently bound dansyl label per mol protein. This indicates that a number of nucleophilic groups in these proteins (in addition to the free sulfhydryl group) will react with this reagent. The reaction has been studied in detail for bovine serum albumin and the results suggest that one of the sites labelled by the reagent may be at the unusual “catalytic site” responsible for the enzyme-like activity of bovine serum albumin recently described (Taylor, R.P., Chau, V., Bryner C. and Berga S. (1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 1934–1942). The reaction of N-dansylaziridine with a variety of other proteins indicates a pattern of labelling consistent with high specificity for the sulfhydryl group. The explanation for the unexpected excess reactivity of albumin with the “sulfhydryl specific” reagent N-dansylaziridine must be related to the three-dimensional structure in albumin which enables a number of specific residues to manifest unusually high degrees of nucleophilic reactivity.
Isolated (“primary”) chylopericardium: Due to anomalous communications with the thoracic duct, of unknown causation

Abstract The second case of a rare entity, isolated or primary chylopericardium, is reported. By the use of lipophilic dyes an anatomic communication between the thoracic duct and the pericardial cavity was demonstrated but at operation no direct communication was identified. The etiology of the chylous pericardial effusion in this case is unknown. Ligation and excision of both major lymphatic channels and all collaterals low in the thorax together with the establishment of a pericardial window for drainage resulted in an apparent cure.
Making Health a Human Right: The World Health Organisation and the United Nations Programme on Human Rights and Scientific and Technological Developments

This article explores the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in establishing global health governance through human rights, tracing WHO’s evolving participation in the United Nations’ (UN’s) Programme on Human Rights and Scientific and Technological Developments. From a fear of the risks of technology arising out of the 1968 International Conference on Human Rights, the UN pursued a policy agenda that framed medical science as a serious threat to the rights and freedoms of individuals. However, once WHO actively asserted a position that identified health as a human right, WHO’s emergence in rights-based policy discourse reframed science and technology positively in global health policy. With WHO employing the right to health as a source of positive obligations on states to realize the benefits of science and technology for the public’s health, this analytic narrative highlights a path through which human rights has come to frame global health.
Insights into water level response to seismic waves: A 24 year high‐fidelity record of global seismicity at Devils Hole

We studied the 24 year record of water level responses in Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park, NV, to dynamic crustal stresses from earthquakes. The continuous water level record exhibited 219 responses from earthquakes around the world, displaying hydroseismogram and coseismic offset types of response. We found that the water level in Devils Hole is extremely sensitive to earthquakes, and the seismic energy density required to initiate both hydroseismogram and coseismic offset responses is e ~ 10−6 J/m3, 2 orders of magnitude smaller than previously documented. Multiple mechanisms at Devils Hole may be responsible for observed water level responses to distant earthquakes. The hydroseismogram-type responses are best explained by poroelastic deformation, while coseismic offset responses are likely the result of localized permeability changes. This study could have implication to studying dynamic triggering of earthquakes, as remote earthquakes can lead to pore pressure changes and consequently effective stress changes in fluid-filled fault zones.
Adaptive atomistic‐to‐continuum modeling of propagating defects

SUMMARY An adaptive atomistic-to-continuum method is presented for modeling the propagation of material defects. This method extends the bridging domain method to allow the atomic domain to dynamically conform to the evolving defect regions during a simulation, without introducing spurious oscillations and without requiring mesh refinement. The atomic domain expands as defects approach the bridging domain method coupling domain by fine graining nearby finite elements into equivalent atomistic subdomains. Additional algorithms coarse grain portions of the atomic domain to the continuum scale, reducing the degrees of freedom, when the atomic displacements in a subdomain can be approximated by FEM or extended FEM elements to within a certain homogeneity tolerance. The extended FEM approximations are created by fitting the broken inter-atomic bonds of fractured surfaces and dislocation slip planes. Because atomic degrees of freedom are maintained only where needed for each timestep, the solution retains the advantages of multiscale modeling, with a reduced computational cost compared with other multiscale methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual Rigid Body: A New Optical Tracking Paradigm in Image- Guided Interventions

Tracking technology is often necessary for image-guided surgical interventions. Optical tracking is one the options, but it suffers from line of sight and workspace limitations. Optical tracking is accomplished by attaching a rigid body marker, having a pattern for pose detection, onto a tool or device. A larger rigid body results in more accurate tracking, but at the same time large size limits its usage in a crowded surgical workspace. This work presents a prototype of a novel optical tracking method using a virtual rigid body (VRB). We define the VRB as a 3D rigid body marker in the form of pattern on a surface generated from a light source. Its pose can be recovered by observing the projected pattern with a stereo-camera system. The rigid body's size is no longer physically limited as we can manufacture small size light sources. Conventional optical tracking also requires line of sight to the rigid body. VRB overcomes these limitations by detecting a pattern projected onto the surface. We can project the pattern onto a region of interest, allowing the pattern to always be in the view of the optical tracker. This helps to decrease the occurrence of occlusions. This manuscript describes the method and results compared with conventional optical tracking in an experiment setup using known motions. The experiments are done using an optical tracker and a linear-stage, resulting in targeting errors of 0.38mm±0.28mm with our method compared to 0.23mm±0.22mm with conventional optical markers. Another experiment that replaced the linear stage with a robot arm resulted in rotational errors of 0.50±0.31° and 2.68±2.20° and the translation errors of 0.18±0.10 mm and 0.03±0.02 mm respectively.
Wilson's Mission To Paris: The Making of a Decision

(1968). Wilson's Mission To Paris: The Making of a Decision. The Historian: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 599-616.
Agroeconomic effect of soil solarization on fall-planted lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Abstract The effects of summer soil solarization on the production and economics of four lettuce cultivars were evaluated in two plantings conducted during the fall growing season of 2001, to determine the feasibility of integrating strip-solarization in plasticulture cropping systems. Soil was solarized for 53 and 34 days for the first and second plantings, respectively, using transparent (T3, T4) and black (T5) films that were kept in place as plastic mulches in raised beds through the fall season. Mulch on T4 was painted black before planting the crop using diluted oil-based paint. Non-solarization treatments included bare-ground (T1) and black plastic mulch installed in the fall (T2). Soil temperatures were recorded at 5 and 10 cm depths at 1 h intervals during the solarization period. Temperature regimes below clear and black plastic mulches were equivalent, although clear film consistently showed longer periods of sustained high temperatures. Solarization with clear and black mulches equally increased lettuce yield by enhancing plant growth and head weight, as plant stand was uniform for all the treatments. Solarization reduced weed densities, especially from grasses. Enhanced weed suppression was achieved by using black plastic for solarization and mulching. Cost analysis indicated that yield increases required to cover solarization expenses in bare-ground and fall-mulch systems are generally lower than yield increases reported in previous solarization research.
Evidence for the contribution of insulin resistance to the development of cachexia in tumor-bearing mice

Cancer cachexia is a syndrome of unintentional weight loss that is characterized by wasting of both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance have been associated with cancer cachexia. However, it is unknown whether resistance to insulin has a role in the development of cachexia. In the present study, male CD2F1 mice with colon-26 adenocarcinoma tumors underwent an insulin tolerance test before the onset of weight loss. Compared to mice without tumors, mice with tumors had a profoundly blunted blood glucose response to insulin. Corroborating these findings, mice with tumors had decreased phosphorylation of Akt in quadriceps muscle and epididymal adipose tissue at the end of the study. Expression of Akt-regulated genes Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and Bnip3 was increased in muscle, suggesting a role for decreased insulin signaling in the induction of both proteasomal proteolysis and autophagy in cachectic muscle. Rosiglitazone treatment increased serum adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and body weight, and decreased Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression in the skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, insulin resistance is an early event in mice with cachexia induced by colon-26 tumors. Rosiglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and decreases early markers of cachexia. These data provide evidence that insulin resistance is not only present in cachexia, but also has a role in cachexia pathogenesis. Correction of insulin resistance may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer cachexia.
Gordon Allport and Humanistic Psychology

It is argued that the term "humanistic psychology" was first coined by Gordon Allport in 1930. The essay also delineates Allport's biography and understanding of human nature.
SU(2)-invariant Majorana spin liquid with stable parton Fermi surfaces in an exactly solvable model

We construct an exactly solvable spin-orbital model on a decorated square lattice that realizes an SU(2)-invariant Majorana spin liquid with parton Fermi surfaces, of the kind discussed recently by Biswas et al. [Phys. Rev. B. 83 245131 (2011)]. We find power-law spin correlations as well as power-law spin-nematic correlations with the same dominant 1/|r|^3 envelope. The model is solvable also in the presence of Zeeman magnetic field. One fermion species carries S^z = 0 quantum number and its Fermi surface is not altered in the field, while the Fermi surfaces of the other species evolve and can disappear. In particular, we find an interesting half magnetization plateau phase in which spin excitations are gapful while there remain spinless gapless excitations that still produce metal-like thermal properties. In the fully magnetized phase, the model reduces to the one proposed by Baskaran et al. [e-print arXiv:0908.1614 (to be published)] in terms of the orbital degrees of freedom.
Behavioral Approaches to Prevention of Childhood Injuries.

Behavioral science has contributed many types of interventions for preventing injury to children. Child safety in four areas is reviewed using the following behavioral approaches: (1) rewards and punishments; (2) modeling; (3) prompting and feedback; (4) skills development; and (5) guided practice. Ways to maintain the changed behavior must be developed. Language: en
Emergence of fecal microbiota transplantation as an approach to repair disrupted microbial gut ecology

In the recent years fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic option for patients with refractory Clostridium difficile infection that is not responding to antibiotic therapy. It results in implantation of donor microbiota into recipients and restoration of normal distal gut microbial community structure. We anticipate that this form of therapy represents merely the first entry into a new class of therapeutics. There is great interest in application of FMT or defined microbial consortia to treatment of many diseases associated with dysbiosis. However, many challenges remain in development as our understanding of microbial ecology within the human body and microbiota-host interactions remain limited. Future advances in this field will be critically depending on detailed mechanistic understanding.
A note on the distribution of the resistance of rank tests

Measurement of the effect of extreme observations on test statistics has been discussed by many authors. Test resistance to rejection (acceptance) is one of the most appealing methods. Using the distribution of the test statistic, the exact and asymptotic distributions of the test resistance to rejection (acceptance) are introduced. The usage of the distribution is emphasized in the case of the sign test and Spearman’s rho.
"Underachievement" among markedly accelerated college students.

This study investigated those few lackluster achievers as could be identified, using loose criteria, in a college-level program of academic acceleration. They evidenced, on college transcripts, significant differences from high-achieving students of comparable ability. Underachieving males appeared less psychologically mature and appeared to suffer more internal conflict than achieving males, but underachieving females evidenced greater maturity than their counterparts.
Convection and local acceleration dominated regimes in Lennard–Jones liquids

Abstract The direct numerical simulations of Lennard–Jones liquids show that, based on the magnitudes of the longitudinal convection and local acceleration spectrums, the ( k , w ) space between ∼1 kD k is the wave number, w is the frequency and D is the particle diameter. In the first region, the convection dominates, and in the second region the local acceleration dominates. Along the surface dividing these two regions, there is a sudden change in the phase of longitudinal force spectrum relative to the phase spectrums of the longitudinal local acceleration, longitudinal convection acceleration and number density. It is shown that this sudden change in the phase implies that the correlated part of longitudinal force spectrum is zero along the above surface. The computed averaged magnitude force spectrum along this surface is locally minimum — but nonzero — because it contains an uncorrelated part that cannot be removed by averaging. Thus, along the above surface the convection and local acceleration densities balance each other, and the particle dynamics is similar to that of a free particle subjected to an uncorrelated ‘random’ force.
Ontogeny of the Subcellular Compartmentalization of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone in the Rat Hypothalamus

The 900 x g supernatant fluid prepared from hypothalamic homogenates from male and female rats (ranging in age from - 1 to 120 days) was fractionated by means of continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and LH releasing hormone (LHRH) in the gradient fractions were quantified by radioimmunoassay. In adult hypothalamic homogenates, TRH and LHRH were associated with two populations of particles distinguishable by their sedimentation properties. Each peptide was in turn distributed in two subpopulations of particles differing in size but similar in density. The distribution of each peptide within its subpopulations of particles was found to be a function of age. In hypothalami of 22-day-old fetuses, TRH was associated almost entirely with the subpopulation of small particles. However, in the neonates, an agedependent increase in the fractional amount of the TRH confined to the subpopulation of large particles was observed. By the 7th day of age, the peptide was ...
Near-infrared fluorescent proteins for multicolor in vivo imaging

Near-infrared fluorescent proteins (FPs) are in high demand for in vivo imaging. We developed four spectrally distinct near-infrared FPs--iRFP670, iRFP682, iRFP702 and iRFP720--from bacterial phytochromes. iRFPs exhibit high brightness in mammalian cells and tissues and are suitable for long-term studies. iRFP670 and iRFP720 enable two-color imaging with standard approaches in living cells and mice. The four new iRFPs and the previously engineered iRFP713 allow multicolor imaging with spectral unmixing in living mice.
Foundress Mortality after Worker Emergence in Social Wasps (Polistes)

Worker emergence is a watershed in the development of a social insect colony because after workers emerge subordinate foundresses are less critical to the survival of the colony, and may be simply a threat to the egg laying monopoly of the queen. A widely-held view is that after worker emergence the queen either kills or chases off subordinate foundresses in Polistes, as is the case in many ants. Our examination of changes in subordinate behavior and mortality after worker emergence reveals a more complex picture. Though foundress mortality increased significantly after worker emergence in 5 of 7 populations of Polistes (6 different species), this did not always result from increased queen or worker aggression toward subordinates. Senescence may also play an important role in subordinate foundress mortality. The two species in which subordinate mortality did not increase significantly after worker emergence were characterized by high rates of colony failure due to loss of all workers. This may indicate that subordinates remain in the colony after worker emergence in species where their continued presence is important to the success of the colony.
Physicians, Scientists, Exercise and Athletics in Britain and America from the 1867 Boat Race to the Four-Minute Mile

Interest in studying the social, cultural, political and economic history of athletics and other physical activities has grown extensively during the last four decades and a growing number of academics have come to realize that there is much to be learned about the salience of ‘sport’ in human societies. With few exceptions it is only recently that historical studies of what now are referred to as ‘exercise science’ and ‘sports medicine’ have begun to appear. To better understand why – and how – these emerged and evolved it is important to attend to what Thomas Neville Bonner stated in his 1995 book Becoming a Physician: Medical Education in Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, 1750–1945: look beyond ‘exclusively national terms’ and try to understand how ‘national differences’ have effected developments. It is no less important to give due attention to values that were an integral part of modern sports as these developed in different countries from the mid-1800s to the mid-1900s. In 1953, when...
The Role of Oxidation in the Migration Mechanism of Layered Silicate in Poly(propylene) Nanocomposites

Evidence of clay migration from the core to the surface of poly(propylene)/montmorillonite nanocomposites is provided. A three- to fivefold increase in the clay concentration of the surface is obtained during isothermal heating in oxidative atmosphere. The mechanism of migration is investigated by means of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. It is shown that oxygen plays a fundamental role in the migration mechanism.
Psychiatric aspects of cancer.

Abstract The authors review the psychiatric symptoms that may precede, accompany, and follow the onset of cancer. Difficulty in expressing anxiety, depression, or anger and low scores on these parameters in psychological testing along with depression and feelings of hopelessness are linked with the emergence of malignant tumors. Cancers of the brain, pancreas, and other endocrine organs, and hormone-secreting tumors frequently develop following the appearance of psychiatric symptoms. The psychological adjustment of cancer patients and the more common psychiatric sequelae of malignancy and its treatment are examined. The authors emphasize the need for careful assessment and attention to the biologic, psychological, and social factors critical to the patient's response and adjustment to the disease.
Family process variables and children's disruptive behavior problems

Marital, parent-child, and family-level processes were examined for 4 groups of 7-to 11-year-old boys and their families: boys with no behavioral problems (control), boys with behavioral problems consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), boys with behavioral problems consistent with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and boys with behavioral problems consistent with ADHD and ODD. A discriminant analysis that used marital and family factors alone was able to correctly classify families into one of the 4 behavior problem groups with nearly 90% accuracy. The combination of parental commands and parental coercion separated the control group from the 3 clinical groups, but it was the combination of family cohesiveness and responsive and consistent parenting that best distinguished the 3 clinical groups from one another.
A measure of taste intensity discrimination in the rat through conditioned taste aversions.

Abstract The ability of rats to make intensity discriminations was determined by forming a conditioned taste aversion to a moderate concentration of each of four basic taste stimuli, and then measuring the level of acceptance (number of licks during a 15 sec exposure) shown to a range of concentrations of the same chemical. Rats (N=66) could discriminate between glucose concentrations that were separated by as little as 0.074 M, between NaCl concentrations that differed by 0.029 M, between HCl concentrations that were 9×10−4 M apart, and between quinine HCl concentrations that differed by as little as 2.4×10−6 M.
Advances in predicting spatial deformations in imagery acquired by viewing through the sea surface

The image-based airborne detection of submerged threats and obstructions is frequently confounded by interfacial refraction and in-water scattering, which reduce image contrast and resolution. In particular, refractive effects spatially dissociate the received image, often to the extent that target shape is obscured. In the late 1980s, Schippnick addressed the problem of predicting deformations in trans-interfacial imagery. Over the past six years, we have developed models that simulate image degradation by trans-interfacial viewing. Additionally, our models can approximately reconstruct a submerged target given partial knowledge of sea surface topography and ocean optical properties. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in our simulation techniques that render our models more realistic physically, as well as amenable to processing SIMD-parallel architectures. We emphasize the simulation of image deformations, which facilitates algorithm development in support of image clarification or automated target recognition. In particular, we discuss requirements for the simulation of receiver noise, electronic effects (e.g., automatic gain control, saturation, and thermal noise), as well as spatial noise such as pixel blooming and point-spread effects resulting from image intensifier tubes. Additional emphasis is given to techniques for simulating caustic effects within the water column, including backscattering of intense irradiance from turbid water. The ability of our models to accommodate layered media is also considered. Analyses pertain to practical simulation issues such as computational cost, numerical error in predicting the spatial location of target features, and approximate computation of simulation operations. Our models are structured in terms of functional modules that correspond to individual physical processes and are coded in standard computer languages. Thus, our models are easily maintained and are portable to a wide variety of computers.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.