cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response to Methionine Supplementation of Leghorn Hens Fed Low-Protein Corn-Soybean Meal Diets

Abstract When 0.05% or 0.10% methionine was added to diets containing 12% protein and daily feed consumption of control hens was near 90 g., feed intake was depressed, resulting in lowered egg production, egg weight and body weight. When 16% protein diets were methionine-supplemented and daily feed consumption was 90 g., egg production and egg weight increased. Because the reduced performance could not be explained by expressing the amino acid concentrations as a percentage of the diet, percentage of the protein or percentage per kcal. of M.E., an experiment was conducted to study the additions of 0.05% and 0.10% methionine to diets of different nutrient density, but containing a constant calorie:protein ratio, thereby studying the feasibility of expressing methionine concentrations as a (percentage of methionine/kcal. of M.E./kg. of diet)/percentage of protein. Methionine additions to a diet containing 13.5% protein and 2600 kcal. M.E./kg. resulted in reduced production as methionine concentration was increased from 0.0056 to 0.0071 to 0.0085. Methionine additions to a diet containing 15.5% protein and 3000 kcal. M.E./kg. resulted in methionine concentrations of 0.0050, 0.0060 and 0.0071 and a marked linear improvement in performance. The expression of the methionine concentrations in this manner provides a useful means of predicting the hen’s response to methionine supplementation under different conditions if the resulting concentrations can be compared with a reference diet known to respond to methionine additions.
Effect of carbonate incorporation on the hydroxyl content of hydroxylapatite

Mechanisms for the incorporation of carbonate into minerals of the apatite group have been explored in both the geological and medical literature. An important problem with respect to biological apatite, which requires further clarification, is the hydroxyl content of the carbonated apatite of bone. Recent studies reveal bone apatite to contain only ~20 mol.% of the hydroxyl content of stoichiometric hydroxylapatite, with negligible chloride or fluoride. We investigated the hypothesis that the development of vacancies in the hydroxyl channel sites is a charge-balancing mechanism for the substitution of carbonate ions into hydroxylapatite. Raman spectroscopic analyses of synthetic carbonated apatites (containing 1 to >15 wt.% carbonate) show that their hydroxyl ion concentration correlates inversely with carbonate concentration. The specific relationship between carbonate and hydroxyl concentration in these samples closely follows the theoretical relationship defined by type-B substitution of carbonate for phosphate in the apatite structure. However, the 6–8 wt.% carbonate concentration in bone apatite falls far short of accounting for all of the hydroxyl depletion that occurs in bone apatite. Some of the additional hydroxyl depletion in bone apatite might result from substitution of Na+ for Ca2+, but further mechanism(s), perhaps (HPO4)2− substitution, must also play a significant role.
The association between religiosity and resuscitation status preference among patients with advanced cancer.

Objective: The potential influence of patient religious and spiritual beliefs on the approach to end-of-life care and resuscitation status preferences is not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess the association between religiosity and resuscitation preferences in advanced-cancer patients. Method: We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the influence of physician communication style on patient resuscitation preferences. All patients completed the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire–Short Form (SCSRFQ–SF) and expressed their resuscitation preferences. We determined the frequency of resuscitation preferences and its association with intensity of religiosity. Results: A total of 78 patients completed the study. The median age was 54 years, with a range of 18–78. Some 46 (59%) were women; 57 patients (73%) were Caucasian, 15 (19%) African American, and 5 (7%) Hispanic. A total of 46 patients (56%) were Protestant and 13 (17%) Catholic. Some 53 of 60 patients who chose Do Not Resuscitate status (DNR) (88%) and 16 of 18 patients who refused DNR (89%) for a video-simulated patient were highly religious (p = 0.64). When asked about a DNR for themselves after watching the videos, 43 of 48 who refused DNR (90%) and 26 of 30 patients who chose DNR (87%) were highly religious (p = 0.08). The Spearman correlation coefficient for patients choosing DNR for themselves and intensity of religiosity was r = –0.16 (p = 0.16). Some 30 patients (38%) who chose DNR for the video patient refused DNR for themselves, and 42 who chose DNR for both the video patient and themselves (54%) were highly religious (p = NS). Significance of Results: There was no significant association between intensity of patient religiosity and DNR preference for either the video patient or the patients themselves. Other beliefs and demographic factors likely impact end-of-life discussions and resuscitation status preferences.
Trends in the Numbers of US Colleges of Pharmacy and Their Graduates, 1900 to 2014

Objective. To describe the cumulative and contemporary numbers of colleges and schools of pharmacy between 1900 and 2014 based on membership in the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy or its predecessor, the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties, as well as the mean number of graduates among member schools each year. Methods. A review of published literature for numbers of schools and graduates was conducted and descriptive statistics were calculated. Results. The cumulative number of schools rose from 21 to 152 between those years. The peak contemporary number was 130 in 2014. Including satellite campuses with parallel curricula brings the contemporary total to 172. The smallest number of graduates per member school per year occurred in 1945 and 1946, with peaks in 1951, 1977, and 2013 (∼110 per school per year in the latter two peaks). Conclusions. The number of US pharmacy schools progressively rose between 1900 and 2014, with the fastest rate of growth occurring in 2014. The mean number of graduates per school per year rose or fell with influences such as the Great Depression, World War II, and the GI Bill.
Corrosion of prestress and post-tension reinforced-concrete bridges

Prestressed concrete is a viable building system for bridges, offering engineers and owners flexibility in bridge design and public use. Despite its advantages and general good use, documented corrosion durability problems continue to illustrate difficulties in bridge applications. The variety of materials and hardware components used in prestressed concrete is wide, as are the many applications for bridge components. The corrosion mechanisms of prestressing steel can vary by complicating factors including structural components, prestressing techniques, construction practices, deficiencies in building materials, and natural and service environments. Continued innovation and specification changes provide improvements but also come with new challenges. Corrosion durability problems encountered during the modern application of prestressed concrete highlight the need for the holistic consideration of: manufacturing and building economics, structural design, materials performance and durability, construction practices, attainable construction quality, and maintenance tools to ensure the success of bridge construction and utility.
Epidemiological Analysis of Measles from 2005 to 2007 in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing City

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis in Jiulongpo District and establish more control measures. Method Office software Excel 2003 was utilized to analyze the epidemic and monitoring data of hepatitis from 2005 to 2007 in Jiulongpo District. Result The annual average incidence of hepatitis from 2005 to 2007 in Jiulongpo was 10.59 per 100 000. There was a clear trend of geographic clustering of the disease and some signs of seasonal effects. The male-female ratio of patients was 1.30. People aged between 0 and 6 years old were most easily affected, accounting for 76.36% of the total cases. 67.83% of the total cases were not vaccinated. Conclusion Lack of immunization is the most important risk factor in measle cases. For infants younger than 8 months, reducing exposure is important. For those older than 8 months, timely and effective vaccination is essential. Reinforcing the surveillance of epidemic situation and taking emergency actions timely in epidemic spots are needed to avoid the outbreaks of diease.
Building Highly-Optimized, Low-Latency Pipelines for Genomic Data Analysis

Next-generation sequencing has transformed ge- nomics into a new paradigm of data-intensive computing. The deluge of genomic data needs to undergo deep analysis to mine biological information. Deep analysis pipelines often take days to run, which entails a long cycle for algorithm and method development and hinders future application for clinic use. In this project, we aim to bring big data technology to the genomics domain and innovate in this new domain to revolutionize its data crunching power. Our work includes the development of a deep analysis pipeline, a parallel plat- form for pipeline execution, and a principled approach to optimizing the pipeline. We also present some initial evalua- tion results using existing long-running pipelines at the New York Genome Center, as well as a variety of real use cases that we plan to build in the course of this project.
Complex Buckling and Complex Relaxation Times in the Decay of Neutron Pulses

(1969). Complex Buckling and Complex Relaxation Times in the Decay of Neutron Pulses. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 175-176.
Radiosensitizing Glioma by Targeting ATM with Small Molecule Inhibitors

Malignant glioma is a devastating and incurable brain cancer. Current standard treatment of malignant glioma is surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation. Progress during the past few decades in improving long-term survival has been painfully slow with a median overall survival currently at a little more than 1 year. New strategies targeting the DNA damage response, including the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase, are currently being pursued. ATM is a master regulator of cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, and cell death in response to radiation. Pre-clinical studies using novel small molecule inhibitors of the ATM kinase are in progress and results from these look promising for future testing in humans. In fact, one ATM kinase inhibitor is currently in a Phase I trial in combination with chemotherapy of advanced solid cancers. This chapter focuses on discussing recent advances in developing and testing highly specific inhibitors targeting the ATM kinase for cancer therapy with focus on malignant glioma.
Race/Ethnic Variations in Quitline Use Among US Adult Tobacco Users in 45 States, 2011-2013.

Introduction State quitlines provide free telephone-based cessation services and are available in all states. However, quitlines presently reach 1% of US cigarette smokers. We assessed variations in quitline reach by race/ethnicity across 45 US states included in the National Quitline Data Warehouse, a repository on non-identifiable data reported by state quitlines. Methods During 2011 to 2013, we analyzed 1 220 171 records from the National Quitline Data Warehouse. Annual quitline reach was defined as the proportion of cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users who utilized quitline services during each year, and was calculated by dividing the number of state-specific quitline registrants in each year by the number of adult cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users in the state. Results Average annual reach ranged from: 0.08% (Tennessee) to 3.42% (Hawaii) among non-Hispanic whites; 0.17% (Tennessee) to 3.85% (Delaware) among non-Hispanic blacks; 0.27% (Nevada) to 9.98% (Delaware) among non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Native; 0.03% (Alabama) to 2.43% (Hawaii) among non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders; and from 0.08% (Tennessee) to 3.18% (Maine) among Hispanics. Average annual reach was highest among non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Native in 27 states, non-Hispanic blacks in 14 states, and non-Hispanic whites in four states. Conclusions Quitlines appear to be reaching minority populations; however, overall reach remains low and variations in quitline reach exist by race/ethnicity. Opportunities exist to increase the utilization of quitlines and other effective cessation treatments among racial/ethnic minority populations. Implications Some studies have assessed quitline reach across demographic groups in individual states; however, no studies have provided multistate data about quitline reach across race/ethnic groups. Ongoing monitoring of the use of state quitlines can help guide targeted outreach to particular race/ethnic groups with the goal of increasing the overall proportion and number of tobacco users that use quitlines. These efforts should be complemented by comprehensive tobacco control initiatives that increase cessation including mass media campaigns, smoke-free policies, increased tobacco prices, expansion of health insurance coverage, and health systems change.
Interdisciplinarity, Philosophy and Systems Biology

“One reason to be optimistic about systems biology’s prospects for striking an effective balance among multiple methods is that the field is highly pluralistic and diverse. The label ‘systems biology’ covers a wide range of projects with diverse influences, ranging from efforts to discover physical laws in biology to using mathematical models to suggest experiments to identify components of molecular mechanisms. Such pluralism is well-motivated, especially in these early days of systems biology. A variety of different ways of integrating experimentation and mathematical modeling, and diverse associated concepts, should be tried out to see what works. Philosophers can play a role here, in characterizing and assessing these different strategies.”
Etch Pits and Dislocations in Zinc Monocrystals

A technique is described for producing etch pits at the sites of edge dislocations in zinc monocrystals. A survey was made of the etch pit patterns that appear in cast crystals as well as crystals that were deformed in various ways, including basal glide, twinning, kinking, pyramidal glide, and bending.
Treatment of unresectable liver metastases with transhepatic radionuclide infusions: Preliminary experience

1801 Objectives: Transhepatic radionuclide infusion (THRI) was introduced as a new treatment approach for unresectable liver neuroendocrine metastatic lesions. Methods: In 19 patients , multiple liver neuroendocrine metastases were locally treated by using a transhepatic approach. After femoral artery puncture, tumor-supplying hepatic arteries were selectively catheterized, and 5.5± 7.03±3 GBq of In-111 Octreotide was infused. Follow-up at monthly intervals was performed by means of ultrasonography (US) and every six months by contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Results: Treatment was well tolerated in all patients without any side effects or complications. By using RECIST criteria disease complete response was achieved in 2 patients, partial response in 12, while stable disease was recorded in 1 patient. In 4 patients disease progression was revealed and all 4 died approximately 4 to 7 months after the initialization of the therapeutic scheme. Conclusions: THRI seems to be a well-tolerated palliative treatment option in patient with small to moderate in size liver neuroendocrine metastases.
On the performance variation in modern storage stacks

Ensuring stable performance for storage stacks is important, especially with the growth in popularity of hosted services where customers expect QoS guarantees. The same requirement arises from benchmarking settings as well. One would expect that repeated, carefully controlled experiments might yield nearly identical performance results--but we found otherwise. We therefore undertook a study to characterize the amount of variability in benchmarking modern storage stacks. In this paper we report on the techniques used and the results of this study. We conducted many experiments using several popular workloads, file systems, and storage devices--and varied many parameters across the entire storage stack. In over 25% of the sampled configurations, we uncovered variations higher than 10% in storage performance between runs. We analyzed these variations and found that there was no single root cause: it often changed with the workload, hardware, or software configuration in the storage stack. In several of those cases we were able to fix the cause of variation and reduce it to acceptable levels. We believe our observations in benchmarking will also shed some light on addressing stability issues in production systems.
Co-Constructing Identities, Literacies, and Contexts: Sustaining Critical Meta-Awareness With/in Urban Communities:

Mariana Souto-Manning calls for educational researchers to move beyond traditional/oppressive forms of research toward frameworks and methods that center the concerns of participants. Such critical...
The elastic transfer model of angular rate modulation in F_1-ATPase stalling and controlled rotation experiments

The recent experimental, theoretical and computational advances in the field of F_1-ATPase single-molecule microscopy are briefly surveyed. The role of theory is revealed in the statistical analysis, interpretation and prediction of single-molecule experimental trajectories, and in linking them with atomistic simulations. In particular, a theoretical model of elastically coupled molecular group transfer is reviewed and a detailed method for its application in stalling and controlled rotation experiments is provided. It is shown how the model can predict, using previous experiments, the rates of ligand binding/release processes (steps) and their exponential dependence on rotor angle in these experiments. The concept of Bronsted slopes is reviewed in the context of the single-molecule experiments, and the rate versus rotor angle relations are explained using the elastic model. These experimental data are treated in terms of the effect of thermodynamic driving forces on the rates assuming that the rotor shaft is elastically coupled to stator ring subunits in which the steps occur. In the application of the group transfer model on an extended angular range processes leading up to the transfer are discussed. Implications for large-scale atomistic simulation are suggested for the treatment of torque-generating steps.
Urban-Rural Differences in Suicide in the State of Maryland: The Role of Firearms.

Objectives. To assess whether the use of firearms explains rural–urban differences in suicide rates.Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis on all 6196 well-characterized adult suicides in Maryland from 2003 through 2015. We computed rate ratios by using census data and then stratified by sex, with adjustment for age and race.Results. Suicide rates were higher in rural compared with urban counties. However, the higher rural suicide rates were limited to firearm suicides (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 2.31). Nonfirearm suicide rates were not significantly higher in rural settings. Furthermore, 89% of firearm suicides occurred in men and the higher rural firearm suicide rate was limited to men (IRR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.69). Women were significantly less likely to complete suicide in rural areas (IRR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.43, 0.94), regardless of method.Conclusions. Male firearm use drives the increased rate of suicide in rural areas. The opposite associations...
Social Reactions to IPV Disclosure and PTSD Symptom Severity: Assessing Avoidant Coping as a Mediator

Women's experiences of negative social reactions to disclosure of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization have been linked to greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. However, research has not identified factors that may explain this association. The goal of the current study was to extend research in this area by elucidating the potential mediating role of avoidant coping in the relations among negative and positive social reactions to IPV disclosure and PTSD symptom severity. Participants were 173 community women currently experiencing IPV who disclosed their victimization to another individual (M age = 36.31, 65.9% African American). Findings revealed that IPV-victimized women who experienced greater negative social reactions to IPV endorsed higher levels of avoidant coping and greater PTSD symptom severity. Moreover, avoidant coping was found to mediate the negative social reactions-PTSD symptom severity association. Results highlight the relevance of avoidant coping to the link between negative social reactions to IPV disclosure and PTSD symptom severity, and suggest that prevention and intervention efforts targeting avoidant coping may be useful in reducing PTSD symptom severity among IPV-exposed women who experience negative social reactions to IPV disclosure.
Economic inefficiency in resource allocation games

In this paper we consider the economic efficiency of multi-tiered resource allocation bidding systems where allocations are based on monetary bids leading to a competitive congestion game model. We consider resources that are priced and proportionally divided among the users. This paper focuses on two aspects: (i) the impact of wealth and (ii) the inefficiency of Nash equilibrium. Motivated by the recent debate on Net-Neutrality we consider the impact of two distinct categories of players, one with higher endowment than the other. We define Wealth impact factor (WIF) as the measure of disparity of pay-offs between the rich and the poor when the game is at NE. Surprisingly, improving WIF requires quadratic effort by the poor players. which shows the disparity between the rich and the poor when considering multiple tiers of service. We also consider the inefficiency of Nash equilibrium that arises in resource allocation. The inefficiency of utilities achieved in Nash equilibrium, measured by the price of anarchy, has been shown to be at least 3/4 by Johari and Tsitsiklis. Since the effective utilities of the players depends on the payments, we define the social objective as a function of pay-offs and express the price of anarchy in terms of a measure that we term as the economic efficiency factor (ECF). We show show that this inefficiency can be as large as n, the number of players for linear utilities. Interestingly, for strictly concave utilities the ECF is shown to be bounded, based on the behavior of the derivatives of the utility functions.
Direct Care Workers Pathways Program: A Strategy for Seamless Academic Progression.

Nationally, there is a great demand for systems that meet the needs of local employers as well as develop tools and training for their incumbent workers. Concurrently, demand for healthcare professionals is growing and projected to continue for the next decade. Worcester State University created the “Direct Care Workforce Development Program” to offer a pathway for nontraditional-aged students in direct care positions to advance to higher-level jobs with family sustaining wages. Direct care workers (DCWs) (e.g., patient care assistant) encounter challenges in a quest to continue their education. They may be non-native speakers, lack a foundation in basic numeracy skills, or lack experience with technology. Therefore, DCWs require many support services for success in professional health-studies programs. In response, a partnership emerged between an urban medical center, state university, and labor union to provide academic pathways for DCWs to progress in careers through higher education. Two cohorts of DCWs from the medical center enrolled in the program, which provided courses totaling nine college credits. Career maps, containing action steps towards goals, and individual coaching helped DCWs define their aspirations. Many workers who completed the program matriculated into two and four-year professional programs, while others plan to do so in the future.
Electronic access in Russian medical libraries

Resultats d'une enquete dans 14 bibliotheques medicales de Russie portant sur l'acces aux bases de donnees sur cederom et a internet, et sur l'automatisation. Dans un cadre de severes difficultes financieres, le consortium de bibliotheques SOYUZMEDINFORM, reseau cree juste avant la chute du communisme, a permis de maintenir les services et meme d'ameliorer l'acces aux ressources
Fine-Grained Treatment to Synchronizations in GPU-to-CPU Translation

GPU-to-CPU translation may extend Graphics Processing Units (GPU) programs executions to multi-/many-core CPUs, and hence enable cross-device task migration and promote whole-system synergy. This paper describes some of our findings in treatment to GPU synchronizations during the translation process. We show that careful dependence analysis may allow a fine-grained treatment to synchronizations and reveal redundant computation at the instruction-instance level. Based on thread-level dependence graphs, we present a method to enable such fine-grained treatment automatically. Experiments demonstrate that compared to existing translations, the new approach can yield speedup of a factor of integers.
Memristor SPICE Modeling

Modeling of memristor devices is essential for memristor based circuit and system design. This chapter presents a review of existing memristor modeling techniques and provides simulations that compare several existing models to published memristor characterization data. A discussion of existing models is presented that explains how the equations of each relate to physical device behaviors.
Head-Mounted System Hardware Installation

Several types of eye trackers are available, ranging from scleral coils, EOG, to video-based corneal reflection eye trackers.
Effects of Mathematics Language on Children's Mathematics Achievement and Central Conceptual Knowledge

Abstract This chapter considers the role of mathematics language, in particular, variations in numerical language characteristics, as a potential factor in explaining children's mathematics achievement and their development of core conceptual knowledge. The focus is on children who are learning whole numbers 1–100. In East Asian languages that have roots in ancient Chinese, spoken number names clearly communicate the base-10 system of whole numbers (e.g., 13 as “ten-three” as opposed to “thirteen”). Evidence suggests that variations in numerical language explain part of achievement differences between East Asian and US children. In contrast, children's development of central conceptual knowledge has been hypothesized to develop at similar rates across cultures. This hypothesis is generally supported in the cross-cultural data comparing East Asian and non-East Asian children's conceptual knowledge development. One anomaly has been found in Japanese 6-year olds who show conceptual understanding 1–2 years above their expected age level. This anomaly is explained in terms of children's opportunities to speak the base-10 language in everyday conversations involving numerical language, including school arithmetic learning.
Abstract 2496: YY1 regulates the germinal center reaction by inhibiting apoptosis

The germinal center (GC) reaction produces high-affinity antibodies for a robust adaptive immune response. If dysregulated, the same processes cause GC B cells to become susceptible to lymphomagenesis. It is important to understand how the GC reaction is regulated. In this study, we show that transcription factor YY1 is required to maintain a robust GC reaction in mice. Selective ablation of YY1 significantly decreased in the frequency and number of GC B cells during the GC reaction. This decrease of GC B cells was accompanied by increased apoptosis in these cells. Further, we found that loss of YY1 disrupted the balance between dark zones and light zones, leading to a preferential decrease in dark zone cells. Collectively, these results indicate that YY1 plays an important role in regulating the balance between dark zone and light zone cells in GCs and between survival and death of GC B cells. Citation Format: Sally E. Trabucco, Hong Zhang. YY1 regulates the germinal center reaction by inhibiting apoptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2496.
Paleopedology as a Tool for Reconstructing Paleoenvironments and Paleoecology

Soils form as a product of physical, chemical, and biological activity at the outermost veneer of Earth’s surface. Once buried and incorporated into the sedimentary record, these soils, now paleosols, preserve archives of ancient climates, ecosystems, and sedimentary systems. Paleopedology, the study of paleosols, includes qualitative interpretation of physical characteristics and quantitative analysis of geochemical and mineralogical assays. In this chapter, the paleosol macroscopic, micromorphological, mineralogical, and geochemical indicators of paleoecology are discussed with emphasis on basic analytical and interpretative techniques. These data can reveal a breadth of site-specific interpretations of vegetation, sedimentary processes, climatic variables, and durations of landscape stability. The well-known soil-forming factors are presented as a theoretical framework for understanding landscape-scale soil evolution through time. Vertical and lateral patterns of stacked paleosols that appear in the rock record are discussed in order to address practical approaches to identifying and describing paleosols in the field. This chapter emphasizes a robust multi-proxy approach to paleopedology that combines soil stratigraphy, morphology, mineralogy, biology, and chemistry to provide an in-depth understanding of paleoecology.
Synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes via gold(i)-NHC-catalyzed cyclization of 2-alkynyl thioanisoles.

Benzo[b]thiophene heterocycles are important components of many important small molecule pharmaceuticals and drug candidates as well as organic semiconducting materials. Many methods have been developed for the construction of a benzo[b]thiophene core via cyclization reaction of alkynes. Although few catalytic reactions were disclosed, most methods rely on stoichiometric activation of alkynes. Here we report an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]thiophenes from 2-alkynyl thioanisoles catalyzed by a gold(I)–IPr hydroxide that is applicable to a wide range of substrates with diverse electronic and steric properties. Additionally, we demonstrate experimentally that the acid additive and its conjugate base are essential to catalyst turnover.
A One-Year Institutional View of Resident Physician Burnout.

This prospective study explores the prevalence, associated characteristics, and trajectory of burnout over one academic year in a multidisciplinary sample of resident physicians using a relatively new burnout survey instrument. All residents from a U.S. academic health center (n = 633) were invited to complete the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) three times, with 4-month time lags between invitations. A total of 281 (44%) provided complete CBI survey responses at least once, and 43 (7%) did at all three times. Descriptive statistics, cross-sectional analyses, correlations, and multivariable linear regression analyses were computed, as well as repeated measures ANOVAs and paired t tests, as appropriate, for each CBI domain (personal, work, patient-related burnout). About half had CBI scores indicating moderate-to-high levels of personal burnout (49–52%) and work-related burnout (45–49%), whereas patient-related burnout was less common (14–24%). However, patient-related burnout increased significantly from the beginning to the end of the year. Regression analyses indicated patient-related burnout was significantly higher for postgraduate year 1–2 residents compared to PGY 4+ residents, but was not significantly different by gender. Personal and work burnout scores were significantly higher for females. Persistently high burnout was observed in only 6% of respondents. In this study of resident physicians using the CBI, burnout was prevalent and higher levels of burnout were observed for females on the personal and work burnout domains, while junior residents had higher patient-related burnout. Persistently, high burnout was rare. The CBI demonstrated high reliability, was practical to administer, and produced similar results with existing burnout research.
Abstract 4801: 2’-Hydroxyflavanone, a diet-derived citrus bioflavonoid, inhibitsin vitroandin vivogrowth of breast cancer cells by targeting RLIP

Breast cancer remains one of the major causes of cancer deaths in women. Consumption of citrus-fruits is associated with reduced incidence of breast cancer, the most common cancer diagnosed in women across the globe. In this study, we investigated the anticancer potential of 2-Hydroxyflavanone (2HF) in breast cancer. 2HF, a citrus-bioflavonoid, has demonstrated anticancer properties in various cancers, but its anticancer role in breast cancer has not been well studied. We investigated the in-vitro and in-vivo growth inhibitory effects of 2HF in an array of BC lines and in xenograft mouse models of ER-positive and HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Compared to control, 2HF treatment reduced cell viability of breast cancer cells, while, no growth inhibitory effects were observed in non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. Further, 2HF inhibited the expression of RLIP, a stress-defensive and anti-apoptotic protein, which is over-expressed in breast cancer cells and simultaneously reduced proliferation of breast cancer cells. Nude mice bearing MCF7 or SKBR3 breast cancer cells xenografts treated with either 2HF or targeting RLIP by RLIP-antisense or RLIP-antibody treatment had significantly lower tumor-weight as compared to corresponding controls. In addition, Western-blotting and immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue from control and treatment group mice showed that 2HF decreased protein expression levels of RLIP, and the decrease was similar to those seen following RLIP-antisense treatment. Furthermore, 2HF decreased expression of Ki67, CD31, vimentin, inhibited phosphorylation of AKT and expression of survivin and Bcl2, and increased levels of Bax, E-cadherin, and cleaved-PARP. Therefore, our results indicate that 2HF may suppress breast cancer growth in-vitro and in-vivo by targeting RLIP, and may serve as a potential adjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients. (This work was supported in part by the Department of Defense grant W81XWH-16-1-0641. Funding from the Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope is also acknowledged). Citation Format: Sharad S. Singhal, Shireen Chikara, Jyotsana Singhal, David Horne, Ravi Salgia, Sanjay Awasthi. 2’-Hydroxyflavanone, a diet-derived citrus bioflavonoid, inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of breast cancer cells by targeting RLIP [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4801.
Moving beyond capitalism

As its title reveals, Moving Beyond Capitalism has a simple yet ambitious agenda: envisioning alternatives to the capitalist organisation of society by proposing blueprints to build a more just and...
African Story Time: An Exploratory Study of Narrative as a Reporting Technique in U.S. News Coverage Of Nigeria’s Missing Girls

News reports about nearly 300 kidnapped Nigerian schoolgirls spread globally in April 2014. Ongoing updates on the tragic incident permeated social media through digital advocacy efforts. Though research on U.S. news coverage generally indicate underreporting regarding missing women of color and negative reporting on African current events, news of Nigeria’s missing schoolgirls managed to make waves in U.S. media and elicit longstanding compassion and interest among readers. This study explores the use of narrative storytelling by U.S. news outlets as a way to create commonality, engage audiences in public interest communications and encourage the story’s resonance among U.S. readerships.
Right Ventricular Abnormalities on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Sarcoidosis

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine the prevalence on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) of right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction and RV late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), their determinants, and their influences on long-term adverse outcomes in patients with sarcoidosis. Background In patients with sarcoidosis, RV abnormalities have been described on many imaging modalities. On CMR, RV abnormalities include RV systolic dysfunction quantified as an abnormal right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), and RV LGE. Methods Consecutive patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis who underwent CMR for suspected cardiac involvement were studied. They were followed for 2 endpoints: all-cause death, and a composite arrhythmic endpoint of sudden cardiac death or significant ventricular arrhythmia. Results Among 290 patients, RV systolic dysfunction (RVEF Conclusions In this study of patients with sarcoidosis, RV systolic dysfunction and RV LGE had distinct prognostic associations; RV systolic dysfunction but not RV LGE was independently associated with all-cause death, whereas RV LGE but not RV systolic dysfunction was independently associated with sudden cardiac death or significant ventricular arrhythmia. These findings may indicate distinct implications for the management of RV abnormalities in sarcoidosis.
Remote Microphone System Use in the Homes of Children With Hearing Loss: Impact on Caregiver Communication and Child Vocalizations

Purpose This study examined the impact of home use of remote microphone systems (RMSs) on caregiver communication and child vocalizations in families of children with hearing loss. Method We drew on data from a prior study in which Language ENvironmental Analysis recorders were used with 9 families during 2 consecutive weekends-1 that involved using an RMS and 1 that did not. Audio samples from Language ENvironmental Analysis recorders were (a) manually coded to quantify the frequency of verbal repetitions and alert phrases caregivers utilized in communicating to children with hearing loss and (b) automatically analyzed to quantify children's vocalization rate, duration, complexity, and reciprocity when using and not using an RMS. Results When using an RMS at home, caregivers did not repeat or clarify their statements as often as when not using an RMS while communicating with their children with hearing loss. However, no between-condition differences were observed in children's vocal characteristics. Conclusions Results provide further support for home RMS use for children with hearing loss. Specifically, findings lend empirical support to prior parental reports suggesting that RMS use eases caregiver communication in the home setting. Studies exploring RMS use over a longer duration of time might provide further insight into potential long-term effects on children's vocal production.
Evaluating the quality of reporting of melanoma prediction models.

Abstract Background Multivariable prediction models combine patient data points to provide actionable estimates of outcomes. Prediction models for melanoma are important for guidance in the midst of the rising incidence and evolving treatment options. This study evaluates the quality of reporting of prediction models using the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) checklist. Methods We performed a systematic literature search to identify publications describing development and/or validation of melanoma prediction models. For each study, reviewers assessed compliance with 22 TRIPOD items. We also assessed a model’s predictive ability (area under the curve) compared with TRIPOD adherence. Results We originally identified 67 articles, of which 27 met inclusion criteria. No study completely followed the TRIPOD checklist, and median overall adherence was 61%. Authors were least likely to report participant characteristics, title, and abstract in accordance with the TRIPOD checklist. Linear correlation between a model’s area under the curve and TRIPOD checklist adherence was not statistically significant, r = –0.09 (P = .34). Conclusion Current reporting of melanoma multivariable prediction models does not meet standards. Although there is room for improvement in how melanoma models are reported, our findings do not indicate a significant relationship between the model’s performance and adherence to the TRIPOD checklist.
A 0.58-mm 2 2.76-Gb/s 79.8-pJ/b 256-QAM Message-Passing Detector for a 128 × 32 Massive MIMO Uplink System

Massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) detection uses a large number of antennas to increase spectral efficiency at a cost of large computation resources and power in a base station. In this article, we demonstrate a 0.58-mm2 $128\times 32$ (it denotes 128 base station antennas and 32 single-antenna users) 256-QAM massive MIMO uplink detector based on message-passing detection (MPD). With the proposed symbol hardening processing, the complexity is reduced by more than 60% compared to the direct implementation of MPD. The detector implements a grouped layer-parallel architecture to accelerate convergence, enabling an average throughput of 2.76 Gb/s (running, on average, 4.92 iterations with early termination) at 221 mW. The chip incorporates adaptive precision control and clock gating to improve energy efficiency further by up to 43%.
In-Canal Assay of High Specific Activity 60Co at the Advanced Test Reactor

Production of high specific activity (HSA) 60Co has recently resumed at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Laboratory. The technical steps of performing in-canal assay of HSA 60C...
Reviving the Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities Market: The Background and The Way Forward

Excerpt] Present at the Creation and Destruction of CMBS The fateful first week of August 2007, I found myself a consulting attorney to the major Wall Street law firm that creates commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), and which indeed helped to create CMBS at their inception in the 1980s. I worked with a team of nearly 100 global finance and capital markets lawyers, churning out multi-hundred million dollar issuances of CMBS nearly every week at the peak of the market in 2006 and 2007. The work involved analyzing vast pools of mortgages that had been assembled from all over the United States, preparing legal and financial reports on each potential CMBS issuance for the rating agencies, then complying with the complex securities regulations that allow CMBS to be sold on real estate capital markets around the world.
Chapter 25 Renal Na+-K+-ATPase: Localization and Quantitation by Means of Its K+-Dependent Phosphatase Activity

Publisher Summary Renal Na-adenosine phosphatase (ATPase) activity has been studied most often in tissue homogenates. While such preparations are useful for defining biochemical properties and regional distribution, they do not permit an association of activity with defined cytological structures. This chapter describes the development of histochemical techniques that allow both cellular localization of renal Na-ATPase and quantitation of its activity in renal tissue sections. In contrast to previous methods, this approach is rapid and simple, measures actual phosphatase activity, and is sensitive to ouabain at concentrations similar to those effective in tissue homogenates. The approach represents the first application of electron probe microanalysis to quantitative enzyme studies, and in renal tissues, this method allows the characterization of activity and of drug effects in nephron segments and single cells. A marked variation along the nephron is shown by Na–K-ATPase activity. Regional distribution and cell-to-cell variation are not altered by experimental variation in sodium intake or mineralocorticoid therapy.
The effect of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on the tetramer-dimer equilibrium of liganded hemoglobin.

Abstract The effect of 2,3-diphospho-d-glycerate (P2-glycerate) on the kinetic behavior of deoxyhemoglobin generated by the rapid dissociation of gaseous ligand (either by flash photolysis of carbon monoxide hemoglobin (HbCO) or by deoxygenation of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) in the presence of sodium dithionite) is consistent with a stabilization of the tetrameric state of liganded hemoglobin by the organic phosphate. The fraction (α) of rapidly reacting hemoglobin produced by pulsed laser photolysis of phosphate-free HbCO in 0.05 m 2,2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2''-nitriloethanol-0.1 m NaCl, pH 7.0, was independent of CO concentration below about 500 µm, but increased systematically with dilution of the hemoprotein. The apparent tetramer-dimer dissociation constant (Kl4,2) calculated from the dependence of α on [HbCO] was 3.6 ± 1.0 µm in the absence of phosphates and decreased to 1.4 ± 0.3 µm when 1 mm P2-glycerate was added. These values of Kl4,2 are similar to estimates for liganded hemoglobin obtained in sedimentation experiments conducted at pH 7.0 in 0.1 m phosphate (Edelstein, S. J., Rehmer, M. J., Olson, J. S., and Gibson, Q. H. (1970) J. Biol. Chem. 245, 4372–4381) and in 0.1 m Tris-0.09 m NaCl (Kellett, G. L. (1971) J. Mol. Biol. 59, 401–424). The magnitude of the Soret absorbance drift accompanying deoxygenation of dilute solutions of HbO2 in the presence of sodium dithionite was decreased by added 1 mm P2-glycerate, and the second order rate constant characterizing the drift phase was increased at 20° from 0.54 ± 0.09 µm-1 s-1 to 1.57 ± 0.18 µm-1 s-1 by the organic phosphate. Since the drift has been shown to result from the formation of deoxy tetramers from deoxy αβ dimers (Kellett, G. L., and Gutfreund, H. (1970) Nature 227, 921–926), this result is also consistent with the proposed phosphate inhibition of dimer formation by liganded hemoglobin.
Progress using bioremediation for site restoration by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Abstract Bioremediation is the use of living organisms, primarily microorganisms, to degrade environmental contaminants. This innovative, “green”, and versatile technology is being used for many different kinds of site cleanups by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). The Corps, which plays a significant role in the restoration of the Nation's hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste (HTRW) sites, has responsibility for a wide range of sites and contamination types. Many of the contaminants found on these sites are organic chemicals suitable for bioremediation. Bioremediation techniques can be adapted to meet cleanup needs: approaches can be ex situ or in situ; systems can be aerobic or anaerobic; and the bacteria can be indigenous, imported, or genetically engineered. Bioremediation can be a stand alone technology or combined with other technologies in a treatment train. In addition to the many bioremediation challenges the Corps faces, it is taking a leadership role in finding bioremediation solutions to explosive wastes, cold climate sites such as found in Alaska, and remote locations sites like those in the Pacific. To meet the challenge of fostering the use of bioremediation and other innovative technologies, the Corps has four major initiatives: the Innovative Technology Action Plan; Guidance Documents; Research, Development, and Demonstration; and use of demonstrated innovative technologies at selected sites. This paper presents the various bioremediation techniques used by the Corps and focus on several significant bioremediation projects that are contributing to the expanding knowledge base on environmental restoration.
Reagents for Organic Synthesis

Preface vii Foreword ix General Abbreviations xi Reference Abbreviations xv Reagents 1 Author Index 527 Subject Index 618