cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Filles mauves de l’Amérique

Cet article se penche sur les trajets americains de Melanie Kerouac et d’Amy Duchesnay, les heroines adolescentes au coeur des romans Le desert mauve (1987) de Nicole Brossard et Le ciel de Bay City (2008) de Catherine Mavrikakis. Par l’analyse de la representation, dans les deux romans, du voyage en automobile et par l’etude de l’imaginaire du feu, de l’explosion et de la consommation/consumation qu’explorent les ecrivaines, cet article pense ensemble, ou du moins, l’une a cote de l’autre, les abstractions theoriques « l’Amerique » et « la jeune fille » afin d’en deceler le pouvoir critique et transformateur.
A Gap Analysis of Statistical Data Reporting in K-12 Computing Education Research: Recommendations for Improvement

The quality of reporting of experimental results in computing education literature has been previously shown to be less than rigorous. In this study, we first examined research standards set forth by four organizations: American Psychology Association (APA), American Educational Research Association (AERA), What Works Clearinghouse (WWC), and the CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). We selected the most important data standards based on their prominence across all four and the most typical study designs in computing education research. We then examined 76 articles designated as quantitative research studies (K-12) published in ten venues (2012-2018) to determine whether the reporting in these articles met these five standards. Findings indicate that only 48% of these articles report effect size and even fewer (11%) report confidence intervals and levels. We found that reported data did not meet the standard that data should be "reported in a way that the reader could construct effect-size estimates and confidence intervals beyond those supplied in the paper". Additionally, authors used existing instruments less than a quarter of the time (24%) and used instruments with evidence of reliability and validity less than half of the time (39%). We conclude with recommendations for those in the K-12 computing education research community to consider when reporting statistical data in future work so that we can increase the level of rigorous reporting in this growing field.
Ab initio self-energy embedding for the photoemission spectra of NiO and MnO

The accurate ab initio simulation of periodic solids with strong correlations is one of the grand challenges of condensed matter. While mature methods exist for weakly correlated solids, the ab initio description of strongly correlated systems is an active field of research. In this work, we show results for the single-particle spectral function of the two correlated $d$-electron solids NiO and MnO from self-energy embedding theory. Unlike earlier work, the theory does not use any adjustable parameters and is fully ab initio, while being able to treat both the strong correlation and the nonlocal screening physics of these materials. We derive the method, discuss aspects of the embedding and choices of physically important orbitals, and compare our results to x-ray and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy as well as bremsstrahlung-isochromat spectroscopy.
Integrating traditional Chinese (herbal) medicines into risk based regulation - With focus on non-clinical requirements to demonstrate safety

Abstract Within the public health sector of Hong Kong (China), there is a consensus around the important role of traditional Chinese medicines. For Hong Kong (China) to play a bridging role to bring Chinese medicines to the global market requires a concerted effort from the government, academic institutes and industries. The release of the final version of the European Medicines Agencies guidance document, which details the acceptance of minimum requirements to nonclinical package in bibliographical applications, grants the opportunity for well-established and traditional herbal medicines to demonstrate an ‘acceptable safe’ status for registration in the European Union. It is anticipated that this minimum nonclinical package can be applied to demonstrate the safe use of many traditional Chinese medicines regardless of their eligibility to be registered under the simplified procedure within the European Union. This paper conceptualizes an integration of a simplified evaluation route for eligible proprietary Chinese medicines (pCm) with long history of use into the existing drug regulatory framework in Hong Kong (China). Such integration utilizing the minimum nonclinical package, based on bibliographical data or expert report, as proof of evidence to demonstrate safety for pCm with long history of use requires less demand in scientific resources. With Hong Kong (China) conducting ‘first hand’ review for eligible pCm, it provides an option for overseas and local pharmaceutical companies to register their products in Hong Kong (China) without the need to rely on issuance of Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product from other countries. This could bring eligible pCm with long history of use to reach international risk-based standard and to be marketed globally as ‘medicines’ to reach their full therapeutic potential. An important process to positioning Hong Kong (China) to compete with other countries in promoting importation and exportation of pCm to better serve the global health.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) vs. bevacizumab for radiation necrosis in previously irradiated brain metastases.

Both laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and bevacizumab have been used successfully to treat radiation necrosis (RN) after radiation for brain metastases. Our purpose is to compare pre-treatment patient characteristics and outcomes between the two treatment options. Single-institution retrospective chart review identified brain metastasis patients who developed RN between 2011 and 2018. Pre-treatment factors and treatment responses were compared between those treated with LITT versus bevacizumab. Twenty-five patients underwent LITT and 13 patients were treated with bevacizumab. The LITT cohort had a longer overall survival (median 24.8 vs. 15.2 months for bevacizumab, p = 0.003) and trended to have a longer time to local recurrence (median 12.1 months vs. 2.0 for bevacizumab), although the latter failed to achieve statistical significance (p = 0.091). LITT resulted in an initial increase in lesional volume compared to bevacizumab (p 100%), while bevacizumab patients saw a median volume increase of + > 100% (range − 63.0% to + > 100%), p = 0.010. Our study suggests that patients undergoing LITT for RN have longer overall survival and better long-term lesional volume reduction than those treated with bevacizumab. However, it remains unclear whether our findings are due only to a difference in efficacy of the treatments or the implications of selection bias.
The Challenges of Neighborhood Assemblies

This chapter details observations related to attending idea-generating events labeled “neighborhood assemblies” conducted by council member offices in the late summer and fall of a PB annual cycle. We raise concerns about the difficulty in obtaining access for the ordinary community member, the lack of a centralized process or central information source (including a lack of transparency in meeting posting and design), the lack of a consistent process between council districts (and the variability of meeting experiences), the overrepresentation by governmental representatives as participants (ultimately demonstrating the limited ideas generated through the top-down involvement of various actors and agencies), and a lack of cooperation from governmental agencies.
The New Constitution and the Judicialization of Pure Politics Worldwide

Over the last few decades the world has witnessed a profound transfer of power from representative institutions to judiciaries, whether domestic or supranational. The concept of constitutional supremacy—one that has long been a major pillar of the American political order—is now shared, in one form or another, by over one hundred countries across the globe. Numerous post-authoritarian regimes in the former Eastern Bloc, Southern Europe, Latin America, and Asia have been quick to endorse principles of modern constitutionalism upon their transition to democracy. Even countries such as Canada, Israel, Britain, and New Zealand—not long ago described as the last bastions of Westminster-style parliamentary sovereignty—have gradually embarked on the global trend towards constitutionalization. Almost every day newspaper headlines report on issues such as constitutionalization processes in the European Union (EU) and Iraq, trials of ousted despots before international tribunals, and landmark constitutional jurisprudence in the United States, Germany, or South Africa. One of the main manifestations of this trend has been the judicialization of politics—the ever-accelerating reliance on courts and judicial means for addressing core moral predicaments, public policy questions, and political controversies. Armed with newly acquired judicial review procedures, national high courts worldwide have been frequently asked to resolve a range of issues, from the scope of expression and religious liberties, equality rights, privacy, and reproductive freedoms, to public policies pertaining to criminal justice, property, trade and commerce, education, immigration, labor, and environmental protection. Bold newspaper headlines reporting on landmark court rulings concerning hotly contested issues—same sex marriage, limits on campaign financing, and affirmative action, to give a few examples—have become a common phenomenon.
Characteristics of a mesospheric front observed in Polar Mesospheric Cloud fields

Abstract We report on a Polar Mesospheric Cloud (PMC) front structure observed on July 2, 2007 over Greenland. This structure appears to be localized solitary wave, with a sharp boundary that separates a cloud and cloud-free region. Near-coincident temperature measurements indicate a 20 K temperature difference between these two regions that likely contributed to the sharp PMC front boundary. Gravity wave (GW) temperature amplitude and buoyancy frequency show that large amplitude GWs and the formation of a stable atmospheric layer between two unstable regions supported the formation of a pronounced mesospheric temperature inversion that destroyed PMCs. Given the absence of an inversion layer close to the location of PMC front, it is not clear if a similar thermal duct but with colder temperatures supported the formation of a single wave resulting in the formation of the observed PMC front. The buoyancy frequency structure with stable and unstable regions also indicates mesospheric wave propagation, and is present in both the cloud and cloud-free regions. We identify a tropospheric low-pressure area and a frontal system as potential sources of these mesospheric GWs. Ray-tracing simulations indicate that GWs from these sources propagated to the mesosphere and may have contributed to the observed PMC variability.
LAMPRET: Layout-Aware Multimodal PreTraining for Document Understanding.

Document layout comprises both structural and visual (eg. font-sizes) information that is vital but often ignored by machine learning models. The few existing models which do use layout information only consider textual contents, and overlook the existence of contents in other modalities such as images. Additionally, spatial interactions of presented contents in a layout were never really fully exploited. To bridge this gap, we parse a document into content blocks (eg. text, table, image) and propose a novel layout-aware multimodal hierarchical framework, LAMPreT, to model the blocks and the whole document. Our LAMPreT encodes each block with a multimodal transformer in the lower-level and aggregates the block-level representations and connections utilizing a specifically designed transformer at the higher-level. We design hierarchical pretraining objectives where the lower-level model is trained similarly to multimodal grounding models, and the higher-level model is trained with our proposed novel layout-aware objectives. We evaluate the proposed model on two layout-aware tasks -- text block filling and image suggestion and show the effectiveness of our proposed hierarchical architecture as well as pretraining techniques.
A Single-Aperture, Single-Pixel Reader for Optical Frequency Identification

This paper presents a single-aperture, single-pixel reader for communication with Optical Frequency Identification (OFID) tags. OFID tags use solar cells to transmit and receive information wirelessly as well as to harvest radiant energy. Due to its single-aperture architecture, the reader's optical system provides a shared optical path for reception and transmission. Also, physical alignment between the reader and an OFID tag is visually guided using the reader's emitted light, securing a robust data link as long as the OFID tag is illuminated. In this paper, a description of the reader's optical and electronic sub-systems are presented. The transmitter and receiver circuits are described in detail. The transmitter, built with a linear LED driver, achieves a power efficiency of nearly 87%. The receiver, featuring a third-order bandpass filter, reduces both low-frequency and high-frequency ambient noise. A prototype of the reader was fabricated and housed in a custom 3D-printed enclosure. Test results show that the reader is able to receive modulated luminescent signals from an OFID tag at a distance of 1 m and at a data rate of 3 kbps.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Christian humanism: by Jens Zimmermann, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2019, 364 pp., $105.00 (hardback), ISBN 9780198832560

In this weighty monograph, Jens Zimmermann both argues and demonstrates that Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s relentless and penetrating Christocentrism shaped his mature theology, biblical hermeneutics, ethi...
The Biological Methylation of Metals and Metalloids

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biological methylation of metals and metalloids, their chemical rate studies, other aqueous transmethylations, biological transmethylation, mechanisms of transmethylation, and other aspects of biological transmethylation. The reaction between ethylcobalamin and Hg(OAc) 2 is also reported. Despite the importance of S-adenosylmethionine in biological methylation, very little research has been done in the laboratory on its reaction with arsenic or other metalloids, nor has there been much effort to explore possible methylsulfur model compounds. For various reasons, and, especially the Minamata disaster, most kinetic studies on in vivo transmethylation have concentrated on mercury. An enzyme system isolated from a strain of Pseudomonas catalyzes reductive cleavage of the mercury–carbon linkage in methylmercuric compounds. Human volunteers who drank wine containing inorganic arsenic excreted methylarsonic and cacodylic acids in their urine. At some point during any transmethylation, biotic or abiotic, the linkage between the methyl group and the atom holding it must break. Stereochemical retention of configuration around the saturated α-carbon can only result from the closed transition state, whereas the open transition state can lead to inversion. Water-soluble methylmetals frequently show marked lability and undergo facile transformations.
Genes regulating copper metabolism

The metabolism of Cu is intimately linked with its nutrition. From gut to enzymes, Cu bioavailability to key enzymes and other components operates through a complex mechanism that uses transport proteins as well as small molecular weight ligands. Steps in Cu transport through the blood, absorption by cells, and incorporation into enzymes are slowly being understood. Cloning and sequencing of the genes for Menkes disease and Wilson disease has shown that membrane-bound enzymes analogous to Cu-ATPases in prokaryotes are equally important to Cu transport and homeostasis in mammalian cells. The primary structure of the mammalian Cu-ATPases has been deduced from cDNAs from tissues and organs. It now appears that mammalian Cu-ATPase have tissue and developmental specificity. In this review, we will focus on the Cu-ATPase that has been identified with Menkes disease. An emphasis will be placed on the existence of multiple forms of the ATPase and some indication as to how the different isoforms befit their role in the normal physiology of copper, specifically transmembrane transport and maintenance of a favorable internal cellular environment.
Chemical Composition of the Cell Wall of the H37Ra Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The cell wall of the H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated and freed of extraneous noncovalently linked material by a series of extraction and enzymatic procedures. Chemical analysis of the cell wall has revealed the following composition: 22.8% amino acids, principally alanine, glutamate, and diaminopimelate in a molar ratio of 1:1.8:0.8; 24.7% reducing sugars, all in the form of arabinose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.6:1; and 3.95% amino sugars, all in the form of glucosamine, muramic acid, and galactosamine in a molar ratio of 1:6.6:0.8. About 32.1% of the dry weight of the cell wall is lipid, of this about 55% is in the form of two series of mycolic acids. Each series of mycolic acids contains two homologues differing by 28 mass units. One pair of homologues contains in each a carbonyl function and an unsaturated double bond; the other pair contains two cyclopropane groups in each homologue. The remaining lipids are composed principally of normal saturated fatty acids, including tuberculostearic acid. Images
Dressed to kill? Visible markers of coalitional affiliation enhance conceptualized formidability

Displaying markers of coalitional affiliation is a common feature of contemporary life. In situations in which interaction with members of rival coalitions is likely, signaling coalitional affiliation may simultaneously constitute an implicit challenge to opponents and an objective commitment device, binding signalers to their coalitions. Individuals who invite conflict, and who cannot readily back out of conflict, constitute a greater threat than those who avoid conflict and preserve the option of feigning neutrality. As a consequence, the former should be viewed as more formidable than the latter. Recent research indicates that relative formidability is summarized using the envisioned physical size and strength of a potential antagonist. Thus, individuals who display markers of coalitional affiliation should be conceptualized as more physically imposing than those who do not. We tested this prediction in two experiments. In Study 1, conducted with U.S. university students, participants inspected images of sports fans' faces. In Study 2, conducted with U.S. Mechanical Turk workers, participants read vignettes depicting political partisans. In both studies, participants estimated the physical formidability of the target individuals and reported their own ability to defend themselves; in Study 2, participants estimated the target's aggressiveness. Consonant with predictions, targets depicted as signaling coalitional affiliation in situations of potential conflict were envisioned to be more physically formidable and more aggressive than were those not depicted as signaling thusly. Underscoring that the calculations at issue concern the possibility of violent conflict, participants' estimates of the protagonist's features were inversely correlated with their ability to defend themselves.
Context aware discovery in web data through anomaly detection

Context enables more accurate searches on the enormous information available on the web by setting the boundaries within which we can transition from data to relevant information. This paper describes a technique to analyse data extracted from the web and generate a contextual model that seamlessly combines data elements of a domain to provide the most accurate information to the user. The discovery of anomalies is of particular interest, since they may not be clearly evident without context information of a specific domain. A generic system design for extracting web data and generating a contextual model for any domain is presented. Contextual information and semantic techniques are used in a prototype system for the identification of potential threats associated with cargo shipments from the contextual perspective of relevant US federal agencies. An experimental evaluation shows that this technique increases precision of results.
Aesthetically Pleasing, but it's (not) Research: Responding Poetically to a Question of Methodology

Indem ich mir den textuellen Raum und den Moment vergegenwartige, in denen ich mich als "Randfigur" in der Forschung erlebte, versuche ich einen kollektiven Dialog zu eroffnen mittels einer kunstlerischen "Wiedergabe" dieses Prozesses. Im Lichte aktueller, dichterischer und performativer Epistemologien versuche ich diesen Prozess in einer Weise zu offnen, dass multiple Stimmen sichtbar werden auch als Storungen herrschender wissenschaftlicher Diskurse und Suchbewegungen, die einen Blick auf die Potenziale der eigenen Vergangenheit und Zukunft ermoglichen. Indem ich mit Worten und Raum spiele, werden interpretative Optionen sichtbar – verstanden als Einladung, mittels einer improvisierenden Performance teilzuhaben an der chaotischen Arbeit des (Nicht-) Wissens. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0802537
Comment on “Hypothesis testing by convex optimization”

With the growing size of problems at hand, convexity has become preponderant in modern statistics. Indeed, convex relaxations of NP-hard problems have been successfully employed in a variety of statistical problems such as classification [2, 16], linear regression [7, 5], matrix estimation [8, 12], graphical models [15, 9] or sparse principal component analysis (PCA) [10, 4]. The paper “Hypothesis testing by convex optimization” by Alexander Goldenshluger, Anatoli Juditsky and Arkadi Nemirovski, hereafter denoted by GJN, brings a new perspective on the role of convexity in a fundamental statistical problem: composite hypothesis testing. The role of this problem is illustrated in the light of several interesting applications in Section 4 of GJN. One of the key insights in GJN is that there exists a pair of distributions, one in each of the composite hypotheses and on which the statistician should focus her efforts. Indeed, Theorem 2.1(ii) guarantees that any test that is optimal for this simple hypothesis problem is also near optimal for the composite hypothesis problem. Moreover, this pair can be found by solving a convex optimization problem. While convexity does not necessarily imply tractability, the convex problem considered here may become simple to the point that closed solutions exist even though no succinct description of the hypothesis sets may be known. This point is illustrated below. Unlike the papers cited above, where the original problem to be solved is non-convex, GJN assumes given convex hypotheses (or finite unions of convex hypotheses). Hereafter, we investigate the performance of the proposed test when convexity is artificial and arises as a relaxation of a non-convex problem. Let us consider two examples that fall under the umbrella of combinatorial testing problems [1]. Such problems are defined as follows. Assume that one observes a Gaussian random vector X ∼ N (μ, In) for some μ ∈ R. Let p ∈ {0, 1}n be a sparsity pattern [17]. Given a class P ⊂ {0, 1}n of sparsity patterns,
Population Structure and Burrow Placement of Gopherus polyphemus in a Small, Declining Southeast Florida Conservation Area

Gopherus polyphemus has been declining throughout its range since the 1800s primarily due to urbanization, which often leads to the creation of island habitats. This confines populations and eliminates natural management by wildfires resulting in degraded island habitats. To maximize conservation efforts in rapidly developing regions it is critically important to investigate not only the natural ecology of native species, but also how they are doing in habitats set aside for them. We studied a gopher tortoise population to determine its sustainability and burrow placement across different soil and vegetation types in a conservation area on the Florida Atlantic University campus in Boca Raton, Florida. We conducted complete burrow surveys using belt transects, directly captured tortoises, and performed vegetation and soil analyses through aerial photos and United States Geological Survey data, respectively. The sustainability of the population was based directly on age structure, gained from carapace length measurements, and indirectly on ratios of active to abandoned burrow categories. Tortoises burrowed densely in areas of low vegetation and completely avoided areas with closed canopies, which comprised about 15% of the habitat. Soil types had a significant correlation to the spatial distribution of burrows. We found a high ratio of active to abandoned burrows, which could indicate an active and healthy population; however, age structure data compiled from captured tortoises revealed a lack of sub-adults, suggesting an unsustainable population. We concluded that tortoise surveys which solely collect data on burrow numbers and activity level and not tortoise sizes may provide misleading results on the status of gopher tortoise populations in confined, degraded habitats. More direct population assessment methods such as tortoise captures or burrow measurements need to be used.
Visibility of Team Science: A Case Study of Media Coverage of the NSF Science and Technology Centers

There is a growing trend toward interdisciplinary research, with team science often touted as key to the creation of new knowledge and capabilities important to solving societal problems. But the balance between the funding of team efforts versus smaller grants is an issue that continues to be debated nationally. We analyzed media coverage of 17 active U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Centers (STCs) from 2000 to 2006. Research received the greatest coverage (49.5 percent), followed by institutional news (24.4 percent). A center name appeared in 35 percent of the items, and the NSF and STC program were less visible, at 31 percent and 10 percent, respectively. Surprisingly, no significant differences were found between hard news and feature stories in mentions of centers, NSF, or STC. Thus, even with the greater length and flexibility of a feature, the STC model and nature of team science remains essentially invisible to the public through the lens of the media.
Using professional forums to assess historians' e‐resource needs

Purpose – This article seeks to suggest that pedagogical forums published in two major professional associations' publications can contribute to the literature on collection for academic historians.Design/methodology/approach – The author surveys the literature on historians' information needs and surveys articles published in the pedagogical forums for what they reveal about historians' use of electronic resources.Findings – The forums provide useful bibliographic information regarding e‐resources for faculty and collection officers alike; additionally, they provide a useful starting point for discussions of desired learning outcomes, leading to better support for teaching/curricular needs.Research limitations/implications – Findings are limited to academic historians and are also skewed toward US historians, since more articles on e‐resources appeared in the forum dedicated to US‐historical pedagogy than in the forum encompassing historians of all areas.Practical implications – Similar research could be...
Dynamics of a sodium heat pipe reforming reactor

A prototype of a sodium heat pipe reactor for steam reforming processes has been developed and tested at energy levels up to 6 kW. Both experimental and model simulation data were obtained. Temperature profiles at nonflow and nonreaction flow conditions were used to adjust the parameters of the model, along with an intrinsic rate equation measured in a differential, bench-scale apparatus. Very good agreement between experiment and model was found for approximately 50 runs under steady state reaction conditions covering a range of process variables. Advantages of the heat pipe as a reactor energy source were confirmed. These include isothermal wall temperatures, energy flux transformation, adjusted flux profiles, and rapid startup. These measurements and computations have provided a model from which optimized configurations have been determined.
Post Deployment Care for Returning Combat Veterans

Since September 11, 2001, 2.4 million military personnel have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. To date, roughly 1.44 million have separated from the military and approximately 772,000 of these veterans have used VA health care. Combat deployments impact the physical, psychological, and social health of veterans. Given that many veterans are receiving care from non-VA providers, it is important that all community health care workers be familiar with the unique health care needs of this patient population, which include injuries associated with blast exposures (including mild traumatic brain injury), as well as a variety of mental health conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Other important health concerns are chronic musculoskeletal pain, medically unexplained symptoms, sequelae of environmental exposures, depression, suicide, substance abuse, sleep disturbances, and impairments in family, occupational and social functioning. Elevated rates of hypertension and tobacco use remind us that deployment may result not only in immediate impacts on health, but also increase risk for chronic disease, contributing to a growing public health burden. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these health concerns and offers practical management guidelines for primary care providers. In light of relationships between physical, psychological and psychosocial concerns in this population, we recommend an interdisciplinary approach to care directed toward mitigating the long-term health impacts of combat.
Electric field gradients from generalized X-ray scattering factors

Abstract The electronic contributions to the electric gradient for N2 are studied with the use of generalized X-ray scattering factors. Vibrational effects are neglected. It is shown for this example that the relevant charge density features are well within the resolution of the X-ray diffraction experiment. It is hoped that the discussion in this note with stimulate fruitful collaboration between X-ray diffractionists and NQR spectroscopists.
Temporal weighting functions for interaural time and level differences. III. Temporal weighting for lateral position judgments

Temporal variation in listeners' sensitivity to interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD) was assessed using the temporal weighting function (TWF) paradigm [Stecker and Hafter (2002). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 1046–1057] in the context of sound-source lateralization. Brief Gabor click trains were presented over headphones with overall ITD and/or ILD ranging ±500 μs ITD and/or ±5 dB ILD across trials; values for individual clicks within each train varied by an additional ±100 μs or ±2 dB to allow TWF calculation by multiple regression. In separate conditions, TWFs were measured for (i) ITD alone, (ii) ILD alone, (iii) ITD and ILD covarying (“in agreement”), and (iv) ITD and ILD varying independently across clicks. Consistent with past studies that measured TWF for binaural discrimination, TWFs demonstrated high weight on the first click for stimuli with short interclick interval (ICI = 2 ms), but flatter weighting for longer ICI (5–10 ms). Some conditions additionally demonstrated greater weight for clicks near the offset than near the middle of the train [Stecker and Hafter (2009). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 3914–3924]. The latter result was observed only when stimuli carried ILD, and appeared more reliably for 5 ms than for 2 or 10 ms ICI.
Solitary recurrent metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer in the spleen.

Abstract In epithelial ovarian cancer, solitary metastasis to and recurrences in the parenchyma of the spleen are rare in the absence of apparent disease in other sites. We report four patients who developed isolated, solitary splenic parenchymal recurrences of their epithelial ovarian adenocarcinomas and underwent a splenectomy to remove the recurrent disease. They had undergone optimal cytoreductive surgery for stage III grades 2-3 serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary, followed by six to nine cycles of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy and a negative second-look laparotomy. Evidence of relapse developed 2, 4, 6, and 10 years after initial treatment. In two patients, a rising CA-125 heralded the recurrence that was subsequently documented by computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis with a single defect noted only in the splenic parenchyma. Two others had only a defect on CT scan. Based on these findings, the otherwise healthy women underwent an exploratory laparotomy, each had a single focus of recurrent poorly differentiated disease that was found in the splenic parenchyma and a splenectomy was performed. Multiple biopsies and cytologies revealed no other evidence of microscopic disease. There was no major postoperative morbidity. Subsequently, one woman was treated with intraperitoneal cisplatin, two with intravenous carboplatin, and one declined further therapy. Three woman are alive and free of disease at 6 months to 3 years. The fourth woman is alive with recurrent disease near the site of the resected spleen found 10 months postsplenectomy. Thus, splenic recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer can occur in the absence of other demonstrable metastasis, and it can be preceded by elevation of CA-125 and an abnormal CT scan. Based on this limited experience with selected patients, splenectomy may have a role in the management of this unusual recurrence.
Flow Swing Membrane Absorption-Permeation

A cyclically-operated membrane permeation technique, flow swing membrane permeation (FSMP), has been studied for effective removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a gas stream to obtain a highly purified gas stream. Feed gas mixture is supplied to the lumen of hollow fiber membranes for a short period of time; then the feed flow is stopped for a brief period after which the feed gas flow into the fiber lumen is resumed. A vacuum is maintained continuously on the shell side for selective permeation and removal of VOCs from the feed gas mixture. Silicone-coated hollow fibers were employed to bring down the VOC concentration in feed N2 to as low as 1-5 ppmv from feed concentration levels around 200-300 ppmv. The VOCs investigated were methanol, methylene chloride, acetone, and toluene. The purification capacity of the FSMP process has been shown to be considerably higher than that of the conventional steady-state operation of the membrane. To improve the membrane selectivity drastically, a contained liquid membrane concept was employed also using two sets of silicone-coated hollow fibers and silicone oil on the shell side. The permeate in this flow swing membrane absorptionpermeation (FSMABP) process was almost pure VOC. Results of performances for such novel cyclic processes are presented. The potential of such techniques for various gas separations problems has been pointed out.
GROWTH OF THE TURBULENT WAKE BEHIND A SUPERSONIC SPHERE

Experimental data are presented on the growth of turbulent wakes up to 8000 calibers behind J-in. and f-in. spheres traveling at supersonic velocities. Experimental determination of the exponential coefficient in the growth law is very difficult, if not impossible. Data are presented in the form of both r = /(*) and r = /(#). In the * representation, two regions of different wake growths are observed. By means of a quasi-steady state assumption, the effect of drag deceleration is eliminated and growth of the far wake compared with theoretical predictions. The agreement with the Lees-Hromas theory in this region was found to be quite good.
Methylating the DNA of the most repressed: special access required.

A new study (Zemach et al., 2013) suggests that the chromatin remodeling ATPase DDM1 is specifically required for cytosine methylation at linker histone H1-associated heterochromatin, facilitating access by three cytosine methyltransferases, including a previously uncharacterized CHH methylase, CMT2.
Megaregolith evolution and cratering cataclysm models--Lunar cataclysm as a misconception (28 years later)

The hypothesis of a lunar cataclysmic cratering episode between 3.8 and 3.9 Gyr ago lacks proof. Its strongest form proposes no cratering before about 4.0 Gyr, followed by catastrophic formation of most lunar craters and basins in <200 Myr. The premise that "zero impact melts implies zero impacts" is disproved by data from asteroids, on which early collisions clearly occurred, but from which early impact melts are scarce. Plausible cataclysm models imply that any cataclysm should have affected the whole inner solar system, but among available lunar and asteroid impact melt and impact age resetting data, a narrow, strong 3.83.9 Gyr spike in ages is seen only in the region sampled by Apollo/Luna. Reported lunar meteorite data do not show the spike. Asteroid data show a broader, milder peak, spreading from about 4.2 to 3.5 Gyr. These data suggest either that the spike in Apollo impact melt ages is associated with unique lunar front side events, or that the lunar meteorites data represent different kinds of events than the Apollo/Luna data. Here, we develop an alternate "megaregolith evolution" hypothesis to explain these data. In this hypothesis, early impact melts are absent not because there were no impacts, but because the high rate of early impacts led to their pulverization. The model estimates survival halflives of most lunar impact melts prior to 4.1 Gyr at <100 Myr. After a certain time, Tcritical ~4.0 Gyr, impact melts began to survive to the present. The age distribution differences among impact melts and plutonic rocks are controlled by, and hold clues to, the history of regolith evolution and the relative depths of sequestration of impact melts versus plutonic rocks, both among lunar and asteroidal samples. Both the "zero cratering, then cataclysm" hypothesis and the "megaregolith evolution" hypothesis require further testing, especially with lunar meteorite impact melt studies.
Propensity-Matched Analysis of Three Techniques for Intrathoracic Esophagogastric Anastomosis

Background A cervical side-to-side stapled esophagogastric anastomosis appears to decrease morbidity compared with traditional hand-sewn techniques. We evaluated our experience with this novel technique in intrathoracic anastomoses and compared the outcome with circular-stapled or hand-sewn techniques. Methods All patients undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy from 1999 to 2005 for esophageal cancer with gastric replacement were reviewed. A prospective quality improvement database, telephone interview, and chart review were used to collect data. A side-to-side stapled anastomosis was done in 44 patients, circular-stapled anastomosis in 147, and hand-sewn anastomosis in 23. Propensity scores were generated from 14 variables, which were then used to generate 23 patient triplets. End points included leak, dysphagia, stricture, other major complications, and overall survival. Follow-up was available on all patients. Results For matched triplet comparison, no significant difference was noted in anastomotic leaks (8.7% with side-to-side stapled, 4.3% with circular-stapled, and 4.3% with hand-sewn; p = 0.78). Postoperative dysphagia was significantly higher in hand-sewn anastomoses at 56.5% versus 26.1% with side-to-side stapled and 21.7% with circular-stapled (p = 0.04). Stricture requiring esophageal dilation was also increased in hand-sewn at 34.8% versus 8.7% with side-to-side stapled and 8.7% with circular-stapled (p = 0.04). No difference was noted in perioperative mortality, long-term survival, or locoregional recurrences between techniques. Conclusions In this carefully matched group of patients, intrathoracic use of the side-to-side stapled esophagogastric anastomosis in esophageal cancer patients is safe and effective. Postoperative dysphagia and need for stricture dilation may be decreased using a stapled compared with a traditional hand-sewn anastomosis.
Effects of CMP Slurry Chemistry on the Zeta Potential of Alumina Abrasives

The colloidal behavior of alumina in typical copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) solutions was investigated through the measurement of zeta potential and particle cluster size distribution. The effects of various common additives on zeta potential for alumina slurries used in copper CMP were studied. Addition of 1 mM to 0.1 M glycine stabilized the zeta potential for alumina for a large pH range. Although slurry pH has the largest effect on zeta potential and particle cluster size distribution, sodium dodecyl sulfate caused alumina to maintain a small aggregate size (∼200 nm) while ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid caused alumina to agglomerate (∼ 1.2-2 μm) over the entire pH range investigated.
Assessing outcomes in a multicultural training course: A qualitative study

The multicultural competencey checklist was used to assess a counseling psychology training programme's ability to meet multicultural competencies, providing a description of the overall framework of the training programme. Then qualitative methods were used to assess the immediate and longer term impact of a multicultural counseling course taught within the training programme. Written evaluations completed immediately after course completion, and follow-up interviews conducted four months after course completion were examined. Participants felt that they lacked adequate multicultural competencies and needed to extend existing development into new areas of multicultural competency. Specifically, students felt the need for additional training experiences within a supportive climate that developed professional and personal cultural self-awareness and self-knowledge.
A new analysis of the infrared eclipses of the ultra-short period dwarf nova OY Carinae

Premiere analyse detaillee des formes des eclipses IR de cette nova naine, composee d'une naine blanche au centre d'un disque d'accretion avec une tache lumineuse a sa crete, et d'un compagnon naine rouge
Towards a Structural-Environmental Model of Risk for HIV and Problem Drinking in Latino Labor Migrants: The Case of Day Laborers

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to describe a researchable conceptual model of structural-environmental (SE) risk for HIV and problem drinking in Latino labor migrants (LLMs) in the United States, with an emphasis on day laborers. Implications for developing SE prevention interventions that target risky situations, embedded in stressful living and working conditions, and not simply risky behaviors are discussed. Presently, most HIV and alcohol-related research on LLMs in the U.S. has focused almost exclusively on assessing and modifying behavioral risk, which, while important, teaches us very little about the broader environmental context of risk in this unique population of Latinos. Literature is reviewed regarding what is known about risk for HIV and problem drinking, as well as contextual factors in LLMs in general and day laborers in particular, as a prelude to describing a SE risk model and basic research methods necessary for its exploration and development. Foundational SE risk frameworks i...
The Health Belief Model and Entry into Alcoholism Treatment

The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to study alcoholism treatment utilization. In-treatment (INT) samples of male and female subjects were compared with male and female subjects in two not-in-treatment (NOT) problem-drinker groups on variables hypothesized to affect health-related behavior. Only two of the five HBM components--perceived severity and cues to action--showed strong, consistent relationships with the decision to enter treatment. Women and men in treatment had higher perceived illness severity than those not in treatment. The INT sample reported a greater number of unusual events (cues to action) during the previous month than the NOT group.
Evolution of oscillatory and chaotic flows in mixed convection in porous media in the non-Darcy regime

Abstract The problem of buoyancy-induced flow in gas- or liquid-saturated porous media is of great interest in various applications ranging from geothermal engineering to underground nuclear waste disposal. In many cases, the effect of forced and free convection may be significant. Previous studies in this regard were mainly done using the Darcy of Brinkman model. In the case of fluid flow under high temperature or pressure gradient, however, the flow regime is dictated by a Forchheimer, [P. H. Forchheimer, Z. Cer. Dt. Ing. 45 , 1731–1788 (1901)] type equation. This paper investigates the time evolution of multicellular flows in a fluid-saturated porous medium in the case of mixed convection. Numerical results show the presence of periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic behavior for increasingly high Grashof numbers.
Ethylene formation in Pisum sativum and Vicia faba protoplasts

Protoplasts isolated from leaves of peas (Pisum sativum L.) and of Vicia faba L. produced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) from endogenous substrate. Synthesis of ACC and conversion of ACC to ethylene was promoted by light and inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine inhibited ethylene synthesis to a minor extent when given during incubation of the protoplasts but was very effective when added both to the medium in which the protoplasts were isolated and to the incubation medium as well. Radioactivity from [U-(14)C]methionine was incorporated into ACC and ethylene. However, the specific radioactivity of the C-2 and C-3 atoms of ACC, from which ethylene is formed, increased much faster than the specific radioactivity of ethylene. It appears that ACC and ethylene are synthesized in different compartments of the cell and that protoplasts constitute a suitable system to study this compartmentation.
Somatosensory evoked responses elicited by corneal and nostril air puff stimulation.

Abstract Vertex potentials (V wave) were obtained by air puff to cornea and nostrils. Instrumentation and the techniques are described.
Verification of a LWIR hyperspectral landmine model

In this paper the results of our high spatial resolution digital thermal modeling effort are compared against field data. This modeling effort created models for three cases: buried, flush-buried, and surface landmines in combination with a detailed soil model. Under a NVESD airborne countermine data collection program hyperspectral signature data were collected in the LWIR spectral region. These data formed the basis for verification of the signature results generated by our digital hyperspectral landmine model. In particular, hyperspectral thermal signature data were extracted from these airborne countermine measurement data and compared against the results of the digital modeling calculations. Spectral data were extracted from areas on and off identified mine areas and compared against similar areas from our digital model over the same spectral range. The results indicate that good correspondence with the field data was achieved. A discussion of this verification process including the field data extraction procedure, signature modeling computations, and the data comparison results will be presented in this paper.
Effects of the Chicken Body Louse, Menacanthus stramineus, on Caged Layers

Abstract When 23-, 35-, and 49-week old Ideal 236 White Leghorn hens were infested with the chicken body louse, Menacanthus stramineus, percentage egg production 12 weeks later had decreased by 16, 34, and 46%. Meanwhile, the average hen weight had decreased by about 85, 300, and 450 grams compared with uninfested control hens of the same age. There were also significant decreases in clutch size and feed consumption of the infested hens. All the decreases correlated with populations of lice.