cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetics in Arterial Calcification: Lessons Learned From Rare Diseases

Arterial calcification significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to arterial calcification has come from genetic studies on four rare monogenic disorders. The disease-causing molecular defects in generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), calcification of joints and arteries (CALJA), and familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) have been identified within recent years. Based on the similarities of GACI, PXE, CALJA, and IBGC, it can be speculated that the underlying disease genes—ENPP1, ABCC6, NT5E, and SLC20A2, respectively—drive a cohesive molecular pathophysiology system modulated by ATP metabolism, inorganic pyrophosphate, adenosine, and inorganic phosphate generation and functional activities.
P02.193. Yoga of awareness: a randomized trial in fibromyalgia: post intervention and 3 month follow up results

Purpose Comprehensive fibromyalgia (FM) treatment requires medications, exercise and improvement of coping skills. However, existing exercise protocols exert inadequate analgesic effects and suffer from poor adherence. The central hypothesis of the study is that yoga practiced with concurrent substantive mindfulness will reduce pain-related fear, increase pain acceptance and pressure pain thresholds, resulting in long-term adherence.
High-order neural network employing adaptive architecture

For the two category classification problem a method of creating an adaptive architecture network (AANET) is presented and discussed. The principal means of adaptation of this network is the modification of its architecture. AANET is constructed using the repeated application of the outer product expansion, the Karhunen-Loeve expansion, and the Ho- Kashyap algorithm. A multilayer AANET may then be transformed into an equivalent single layer network by passing a vector x having symbolic terms through the network.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sulpiride: Assessment of a pharmacologically and chemically distinct neuroleptic

Abstract The substituted benzamide sulpiride is considered an “atypical” neuroleptic and antipsychotic in that its pharmacology and clinical effects differ significantly from “classical” dopamine antagonists such as the butyrophenones and phenothiazines. Sulpiride increases dopamine turnover, elevates prolactin release, inhibits emesis, and is an effective antipsychotic. Sulpiride does not affect other transmitters, requires sodium for binding, does not induce catalepsy in rats or strong sedation and extrapyramidal side effects in humans. Compared to the butyrophenone and phenothiazine neuroleptics sulpiride is chemically distinct because it lacks certain properties associated with other dopamine antagonists. Poor blood-brain barrier penetration and preferential receptor affinities in different brain regions are the most probable reasons for sulpiride's effects in vivo . Nevertheless, the atypical conformation of sulpiride merits study of its structure-activity relationships. Experimental determination of specific pharmacophores could provide the data necessary for a computer analysis of structure. Comparison of relative orientation of sulpiride's pharmacophores with similar data on classical neuroleptics is suggested for study of structural requirements for dopamine antagonism.
The effect of size-dependent growth and environmental factors on animal size variability

The origin of variation in animal growth rate and body size is not well understood but central to ecological and evolutionary processes. We develop a relationship that predicts the change in relative body size variation within a cohort will be approximately equal to the relative change in mean per unit size growth rate, when only size-dependent factors affect growth. When modeling cohort growth, relative size variation decreased, remained unchanged, or increased, as a function of growth rate-size scaling relationships, in a predictable manner. We use the approximation to predict how environmental factors (e.g., resource level) affect body size variation, and verified these predictions numerically for a flexible growth model using a wide range of parameter values. We also explore and discuss the assumptions underlying the approximation. We find that factors that similarly affect mean growth rate may differently affect size variation, and competition may increase body size variation without changing size-independent relationships. We discuss implications of our results to the choice of growth equations used in models where body size variation is an important variable or output.
Synthesis, separation and characterization of the mono- and diazide analogs of ethidium bromide.

Abstract Ethidium bromide is used to characterize nucleic acid secondary and tertiary structural properties and the biological consequences of drug interactions. The mono- and diazido analogs of ethidium have proven valuable as photoaffinity probes in chemical and biological studies on nucleic acids, since they render the ethidium-nucleic acid interaction covalent. Although both of these compounds have been synthesized previously, the published synthesis procedure for the monoazide is inadequate since a major portion of the product has been identified as the diazide analog. This lack of purity severely limits the usefulness for nucleic acid research. The procedure presented here for the synthesis, separation, purification and crystallization of these analogs should provide the quantities and quality of these important reagents needed to perform a variety of chemical and biological experiments.
Measurements of beat-wave-accelerated electrons in a toroidal plasma.

Electrons are accelerated by large amplitude electron plasma waves driven by counter-propagating microwaves with a difference frequency approximately equal to the electron plasma frequency. Energetic electrons are observed only when the phase velocity of the wave is in the range 3v{sub e} < v{sub ph} < 7v{sub e} (v{sub ph} was varied 2v{sub e} < v{sub ph} < 10v{sub e}), where v{sub e} is the electron thermal velocity, (kT{sub e}/m{sub e}){sup {1/2}}. As the phase velocity increases, fewer electrons are accelerated to higher velocities. The measured current contained in these accelerated electrons has the power dependence predicted by theory, but the magnitude is lower than predicted.
A Negative Activation Energy for Luminescence Decay: Specific Solvation Effects on the Emission Properties of Bis(2,2‘-bipyridine)(3,5-dicarboxy-2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Chloride

A new mixed-ligand polypyridylruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(bpy)2L]Cl2, has been prepared where bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine and L = 3,5-dicarboxy-2,2‘-bipyridine. The ligand L is a non-symmetrically-substituted 2,2‘-bipyridine having two hydrophilic carboxylate groups located at the 3- and 5-positions of only one of its two pyridyl rings. In acetonitrile, the photophysical properties of the metal complex include a long-lived excited state (λem = 637 nm, τ = 846 ± 11 ns, φ = 0.046 at 295 K) whose decay involves an activated crossing to higher energy ligand field states (Ea = 4170 ± 200 cm-1). This behavior is similar to that observed for other ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) compounds. In contrast, the title compound displays several unusual photophysical properties in aqueous solution. These include a strongly red-shifted emission (λem = 685 nm) having a short, pH-dependent lifetime which is quenched by an excited-state proton transfer from solvent. The completely deprotonated form of the molecule is the dominant emissi...
Bmp activity gradient regulates convergent extension during zebrafish gastrulation.

During vertebrate gastrulation, a ventral to dorsal gradient of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) activity establishes cell fates. Concomitantly, convergent extension movements narrow germ layers mediolaterally while lengthening them anteroposteriorly. Here, by measuring movements of cell populations in vivo, we reveal the presence of three domains of convergent extension movements in zebrafish gastrula. Ventrally, convergence and extension movements are absent. Lateral cell populations converge and extend at increasing speed until they reach the dorsal domain where convergence speed slows but extension remains strong. Using dorsalized and ventralized mutants, we demonstrate that these domains are specified by the Bmp activity gradient. In vivo cell morphology and behavior analyses indicated that low levels of Bmp activity might promote extension with little convergence by allowing mediolateral cell elongation and dorsally biased intercalation. Further, single cell movement analyses revealed that the high ventral levels of Bmp activity promote epibolic migration of cells into the tailbud, increasing tail formation at the expense of head and trunk. We show that high Bmp activity limits convergence and extension by negatively regulating expression of the wnt11 (silberblick) and wnt5a (pipetail) genes, which are required for convergent extension but not cell fate specification. Therefore, during vertebrate gastrulation, a single gradient of Bmp activity, which specifies cell fates, also regulates the morphogenetic process of convergent extension.
Bone graft substitutes

A better understanding of the biology of fracture healing and an increasing awareness of the limitations and potential complications of autogenous bone graft harvest have combined to foster a burgeoning interest in the development of bone graft substitutes. A few of these materials have been available for more than a decade, and many more should become available in the near future. The characteristics of the ideal bone graft substitute may vary considerably depending on the intended site of application and the clinical setting in which it is used. Knowledge of the available alternatives is a necessary prerequisite to informed decision making.
Optical, EPR, and ENDOR Studies of CdF2:V3+, V2+

Single crystals of CdF2 containing either V3+ or V2+ ions have been prepared and studied by optical, EPR, and ENDOR techniques. As expected, the properties of V3+ in the eight‐coordinated (cubal) environment closely resemble those of Ni2+ in octahedral sites. The ENDOR data show that Ms = ± 1, confirming the identification of the ion as V3+. The V2+ ions, produced by heating samples containing V3+ in Cd vapor, exhibit evidence for a large trigonal Jahn–Teller distortion of the cubal site. On the basis of the EPR and optical data it is suggested that the environment about the V2+ ions may be more nearly octahedral than cubal, thus reflecting the presence of a static trigonal field comparable in magnitude to the (undistorted) cubic field. Some optical and EPR data are presented for isoelectronic Cr3+ ions, which also display a strong Jahn–Teller effect.
Emerging competencies for the practice of accountancy

The accounting profession is expanding, entering a new era with new functions within organizations and within society and with new expectations of those who enter it. The current state of most professional accounting education programs is inadequate to meet the needs of this expanded profession. (American Accounting Association Committee on the Future Structure, Content, and Scope of Accounting Education [The Bedford Committee], 1986)
MoMuLV-ts-1: A Unique Mouse Model of Retrovirus-Induced Lymphoma Transmitted by Breast Milk

Our laboratory has developed a murine model of lymphoma via breast milk transmission of MoMuLV-ts-1 (Moloney murine leukemia virus-temperature sensitive mutant-1). Uninfected offspring suckled from infected surrogate mothers become infected and develop lymphoma. Multiple gene integration sites of ts-1 into the infected mouse genome including tacc3, aurka, ndel1, tpx2, p53, and rhamm were identified, and mRNA expressions were quantitated. These genes produce centrosomal proteins, which may be involved in abnormal chromosomal segregation leading to aneuploidy or multiploidy, thus causing lymphoma. Since there is no report to date on this retroviral model leading to centrosomal abnormality, and causing lymphoma development, this is a valuable and unique model to study the centrosomal involvement in lymphomagenesis.
Time-domain analysis in pressure perturbation spectroscopy: Optimized potential surfaces in argon-perturbed methyl iodide

Abstract A technique for the quantitative analysis of pressure-perturbed electronic absorption spectra is described using the dipole time correlator. It is based on the iterative optimization of reconvoluted spectra generated from the Fourier transform of the unperturbed spectrum and a model-dependent correlator. The method is applied to the B←X Rydberg transition of methyl iodide perturbed by 83 atm of argon; only two-body interactions are considered. The CH 3 I-Ar ground state is described by a 6–12 potential; the excited state by a three-parameter, modified Buckingham 6-exp potential. The results of the five-parameter, global optimization are discussed in terms of the ground state one-component 6–12 parameters of CH 3 I and Ar, and the implied changes in the interaction distance and well depth of the excited state.
Approximate self-consistent green's functions for solids

Three related methods for finding crystal Green's functions are presented. All are related by the use of localized calculations. All have the property that local excitations and correlation effects are adequately described, but long-range correlation effects such as plasmons and certain types of charge transfer excitons are not included.
New wine in old bottles: A meta-analysis of Ricardian equivalence

A quantitative review, or meta‐analysis, of 28 empirical studies of the Ricardian equivalence theorem (RET) gives persuasive testament of its falsity. Although there is great dissonance concerning the validity of Ricardian equivalence among contributors and reviewers alike, my meta‐analysis reveals that the testing record, as a whole, entails a strong empirical rejection of RET. This conclusion is further strengthened by the fact that both a study's degrees of freedom and its proper econometric specification increase the likelihood of rejection. A meta‐regression analysis identifies nine study characteristics that help explain the large study‐to‐study variation found among reported RET test results (R2 = 83%).
Effect of loading rate on the plane stress fracture toughness properties of an aluminum alloy

L'effet de la vitesse de chargement sur les proprietes de tenacite en contrainte plane de plaques de 3.2 mm d'epaisseur en alliage d'aluminium 2219-T87 a ete examine a l'aide d'echantillons de traction a fissure centrale. Des courbes J de resistance a la rupture ont ete obtenues a des vitesses de deplacements de 10 −6 et 5.7 m s −1 . L'essai dynamique de rupture fut conduit avec des plaques de pression couplees (coupled pressure plates). Les resultats montrent que les tenacites d'initiation et de propagation augmentent avec l'accroissement de la vitesse de chargement. Il est montre que l'augmentation de la tenacite est liee aux proprietes de la contrainte en fonction de la vitesse de deformation et au comportement ductile intrinseque de l'alliage d'aluminium
Valle Inclán: mistificación de textos bíblicos en "Divinas Palabras"

In his study of the play, the author defends the thesis that the conflict between the forces of Good and Evil are not resolved in favour of the former, as is the usual interpretation. He argues that the adultress Mari Gaila is not forgiven by her husband but by Septimo Miau, who has, by using his satanic powers, usurped his personality. In this way, the divine words of pardon are, in fact, 'satanic' words.
The Role of Moral Complicity in Issues of Conscience

Lawrence and Curlin (2007) have addressed the question of what role a physician's conscience should play in his or her practice of medicine by drawing some insightful distinctions in definitions of...
Comparison of gravimetry and planimetry in determining dry matter budgets for three species of phytophagous lepidopteran larvae

Gravimetric and a combination areal-gravimetric methods for determining dry matter budgets for leaf eating Lepidoptera were compared. The gravimetric method is based on dry weight/live weight ratios of the leaves fed to the larvae. In the areal-gravimetric method, the quantity of food offered to the larvae is determined from the area of leaf tracings and the dry matter content per unit area of the leaves. The areal-gravimetric method permits the use of larger leaf sprays and an open, gauze enclosed rearing chamber. There were no consistent differences in budget factors (growth, ingestion or egestion), nor were there any differences in the observed variability of the data attributable to the method used. However, the expected variability based on instrument precision for the gravimetric method is less than for the areal-gravimetric method. Experimental factors inherent in the gravimetric method introduce variability to the measurements that are not present in the areal method. Thirty to 60% of the variability in budget factors was attributed to intrinsic properties of the larvae, even though the larvae were taken from the same egg masses. RESUME Comparaison des methodes gravimetriques et planimetriques pour determiner la consommation de matiere seche par les chenilles de trois especes de lepidopteres phytophages Les budgets en matiere seche consommee par des lepidopteres ont ete compares par les methodes gravimetrique et planimetrique. La methode gravimetrique est basee sur le rapport poids sec/ poids frais de feuilles consommees par les chenilles. Avec la methode planimetrique, la quantite d'aliment proposee aux chenilles est determinee par les traces de la surface des feuilles et le contenu de matiere seche par unite de surface des feuilles. La methode de planimetrie permet l'utilisation de plus grands rameaux de feuilles et de cages d'elevage exterieures en gaze. Il n'y avait pas de difference appreciable dans les elements du budget (croissance, ingestion et dejection), ni aucune difference dans la variabilite observee des donnees attribuable a la methode utilisee. Cependant, la variabilite attendue d'apres la precision des mesures avec la methode gravimetrique est inferieure a celle de la methode planimetrique. Des elements experimentaux, inherents a la methode gravimetrique, introduisent une variabilite dans les mesures que l'on n'a pas avec la methode planimetrique. 30–60% de la variabilite dans la consommation ont ete attribues a des parametres internes a la chenille, měme quand elles provenaient toutes de la měme ooplaque.
Approximation by superposition of sigmoidal and radial basis functions

Let @s: R -> R be such that for some polynomial P, @sP is bounded. We consider the linear span of the functions {@s(@l . (x - t)): @l, t @e R^s}. We prove that unless @s is itself a polynomial, it is possible to uniformly approximate any continuous function on R^s arbitrarily well on every compact subset of R^s by functions in this span. Under more specific conditions on @s, we give algorithms to achieve this approximation and obtain Jackson-type theorems to estimate the degree of approximation.
SU-E-J-133: Accuracy of Cone Beam CT, X-Ray Imaging in Conjunction with Optical Image Guidance in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) requires high precision of patient position and target localization. For SBRT patients positioning, cone beam CTimaging has been widely used, generally with zero couch rotation. The purpose of this study is to implement Stereotactic radiation surgery (SRS) patient positioning technology to SBRT by expanding patient positioning with couch rotation. Methods: Currently we are using Varian® Novlis Tx for treatingSBRT patients implementing CBCT. BrainLAB® X‐ray imaging system in conjunction with optical guidance is primarily used for SRS patients. CBCT and X‐ray imaging system were independently calibrated with 1.0 mm accuracy. For daily imaging QA, we set up a Penta™ imaging phantom with infrared markers. The imaging phantom has two image isocenters for CBCT and X‐ray imaging respectively with CBCT isocenter offset from the X‐ray imaging isocenter. The X‐ray imaging system was implemented through BrainLAB® ExacTrac system with CBCT localized position at the initial zero position for the X‐ray imaging system. For the other couch positions, X‐ray images were fused with patient DRRs for positioning. Results: For daily imaging QA, the longitudinal, vertical and lateral coordination between CBCT and X‐ray imaging average 0.4+/−0.6, 0.1+/−0.6 and 0.6+/−0.7 mm. The shift from the CBCTimaging isocenter to the X‐ray imaging isocenter is 0.7+/−0.5 mm accuracy for a 6‐month period of tracking.Patient position accuracy: After initially localizing the patient with CBCT at the zero couch position, we then position the patient with the X‐ray imaging system. The computed translational and rotational shift accuracy are 0.6+/− 0.6 mm and 0.5+/−0.3 degree respectively, based on 39 SBRT patients couch rotations. Conclusion: Accurate coordination of CBCT and X‐ray imaging in conjunction with optical imaging guidance can be expanded to patient positioning with couch rotation. The X‐ray imaging capability at rotated‐couch positions improved the physician confidence level during SBRTtreatment.
A genetic algorithm based approach for robust evaluation of form tolerances

Abstract This paper deals with the accurate interpretation of inspection data for various classes of form tolerances. The minimum zone (MZ) method (ANSI Y14.5M-1994) yields the lowest value (most accurate) for all the form tolerance errors. The MZ solution minimizes the maximum deviation of the inspected feature from a reference (normally an ideal state of the evaluated feature). An accurate evaluation of this solution for various form tolerances involves solving a nonlinear optimization problem. Evaluation algorithms incorporated in current coordinate measuring machines deal with minimizing the least-square error for the form feature being evaluated, resulting in higher values for form tolerances. This paper solves a nonlinear optimization problem for form tolerance evaluation by applying genetic algorithms. A unified genetics-based algorithm has been used to estimate the minimum zones of all form tolerance classes, namely straightness, flatness, circularity, and cylindricity. Multiple search zones are formed throughout the data set, simultaneously in each iteration, to arrive at a global optimal solution. This approach takes care of the inherent nonconvexity in the search surface and overcomes problems of local optima. The results of this approach, applied to some examples, are presented in this paper and compared with results from existing methods reported in the literature.
Plasticity and specificity of the circadian epigenome

Circadian clocks control a variety of neuronal, behavioral and physiological responses, via transcriptional regulation of an appreciable portion of the genome. We describe the complex communication network between the brain-specific central clock and the tissue-specific peripheral clocks that serve to synchronize the organism to both external and internal demands. In addition, we discuss and speculate on how epigenetic processes are involved in creating transcriptional environments that are permissive to tissue-specific gene expression programs, which work in concert with the circadian machinery. Accumulating data show that chromatin remodeling events may be critical for providing specificity and plasticity in circadian regulation, and metabolic cues may be involved in directing such epigenetic events. A detailed understanding of the communication cues between the central and peripheral clocks is crucial for a more complete understanding of the circadian system and the several levels of control that are implicated in maintaining biological timekeeping.
Japan's first woman diarist and the beginnings of prose writings by women in Japan

(1991). Japan's first woman diarist and the beginnings of prose writings by women in Japan. Women's Studies: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 79-97.
Professional Wisdom and Writing for Publication: Qualitative Interviews with Editors and Authors in Early Childhood Education

College and university faculty members specializing in early childhood education face some unique challenges in scholarly writing. The purpose of this research was to use open-ended interviews as a way to gather the collective wisdom of a group of key informants about academic writing and publishing in the field. Twenty-two editors and/or authors, ranging from vastly experienced to beginners, shared their insights on scholarly writing by discussing the purposes, strategies, and challenges associated with contributing to the early childhood education through their published work. Data analysis of the interview transcripts resulted in a remarkably consistent theme across all interviewees; namely, that a commitment to young children was the governing principle and that published manuscripts must have practical significance in order to advance the field. A verbatim transcript of all 22 interviews was read, re-read, and annotated to produce emergent themes. Excerpts from the interviews were then collected into case nodes using NVivo10 qualitative data analysis software. Data were clustered into five themes. Sternberg’s (Beyond IQ: a triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1985, The triarchic mind: a new theory of human intelligence. Viking, New York 1988) theory of intelligence and his definition of wisdom (2004) also were used as preset categories for data analysis. Collectively, the intelligence and wisdom of these accomplished professionals offers guidance to aspiring authors to become involved in writing, editing, and publishing academic work and serves as a tool for further reflection among experienced authors in the field of early childhood education.
Modifications in the laminar organization of peptide-like immunoreactivity in the anuran optic tectum following retinal deafferentation.

Substance P (SP)-, leucine-enkephalin (LENK)-, cholecystokinin octa-peptide (CCK8)bombesin (BOM)-, and avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP)-like immunoreactiyities were analyzed in the optic tectum of Rana pipiens 5–99 days after unilateral eye enucleation, or optic nerve ligation, by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and indirect fluorescence single and double labeling methods. The normal pattern (Kuljis and Karten, 1981, 1982c) of peptide-like immunoreactivity was observed ipsilaterally to the operation. Contralateral deafferented tectae displayed conspicuous modifications in the normal pattern of peptide-like immunoreactivity unique to each of the substances studied. The modifications of peptide-like immunoreactivity observed varied depending both on the survival time and on the particular peptide analyzed, with either increment or diminution or disappearance–or combinations thereof–in the staining intensity of some of the peptide-positive bands in the superficial one-third (superficial neuropil) of the tectum. The onset of these changes is detectable immunocytochemicahy between the sixth and tenth day following deafferentation. By 2–4 weeks full expression of the long-term changes is reached with no apparent further modification up to the 99th postoperative day. The rapid onset of these phenomena suggests the existence of a previously unrecognized retinal ganglion cell terminal peptidergic contribution to the tectum and/or rapid transsynaptic effects. The former possibility is suggested by recent observations demon-strating peptide-like immunoreactivity for SP, LENK, CCK8 and BOM in the retinal stump of ligated optic nerves (Kuljis and Karten, 1982b). The fact that no vertebrate retinal ganglion cells have been shown to contain any of these peptides (Brecha et al., 79; Famiglietti et al., 1980; Eldred and Karten, 1981; Karten et al., 1982), however, argues against the possibility of a retinal terminal contribution to peptide-like immunoreactivity in the tectum and suggests that transsynaptic phenomena are involved.
Phylogeography of the Caribbean Rock Iguana (Cyclura): Implications for Conservation and Insights on the Biogeographic History of the West Indies

Abstract The Caribbean rock iguana, Cyclura, has had an unstable intrageneric taxonomy and an unclear phylogenetic position within the family Iguanidae. We use mtDNA sequence data to address these issues and explore the phylogeographic history of the genus. ND4 to leucine tRNA sequence data were collected from multiple individuals of each of the eight species of Cyclura (including 15 of 16 subspecies) and from four localities of Iguana iguana (representative of this species' broad geographic range). This data set was combined with sequence data from Sites et al. (1996, Mol. Biol. Evol. 13, 1087–1105) and analyzed under maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood optimization criteria. The ND4 region provided good resolution for the majority of nodes, as indicated by high bootstrap support. In agreement with several recent molecular studies, Cyclura is recovered as monophyletic and is not closely related to any other genus, whereas Iguana is strongly supported as the sister taxon to Sauromalus. This result is statistically more likely than other published hypotheses of Iguanid relationships. Cyclura shows a southeast to northwest speciation sequence in the Caribbean, with the most ancient lineage on the Puerto Rican Bank. The amount of interspecific sequence divergence within Cyclura (maximum 11.4%) is very high in comparison to data from other iguanid taxa at this locus, suggesting that this group either has been in the Caribbean for a very long time or has gone through a very rapid rate of evolution at this locus. Using dates from other published studies, we calculate a molecular clock that suggests that Cyclura colonized the Caribbean between 15 and 35 mya. Several questions regarding subspecific taxonomy are raised in the analysis and await further investigation using a more rapidly evolving marker such as nuclear microsatellites.
Detailed Measurements of a Statistically Steady Rayleigh-Taylor Mixing Layer from Small to High Atwood Numbers

The self-similar evolution to turbulence of a multi-mode miscible Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) mixing layer has been investigated for Atwood numbers 0.03-0.6, using an air-helium gas channel experiment. Two co-flowing gas streams, one containing air (on top) and the other a helium-air mixture (at the bottom), initially flowed parallel to each other at the same velocity separated by a thin splitter plate. The streams met at the end of the splitter plate, with the downstream formation of a buoyancy unstable interface, and thereafter buoyancy-driven mixing. This buoyancy-driven mixing layer experiment permitted long data collection times, short transients and was statistically steady. Several significant designs and operating characteristics of the gas channel experiment are described that enabled the facility to be successfully run for A t ~ 0.6. We report, and discuss, statistically converged measurements using digital image analysis and hot-wire anemometry. In particular, two hot-wire techniques were developed for measuring the various turbulence and mixing statistics in this air-helium RT experiment. Data collected and discussed include: mean density profiles, growth rate parameters, various turbulence and mixing statistics, and spectra of velocity, density and mass flux over a wide range of Atwood numbers (0.03 ≤ A t ≤ 0.6). In particular, the measured data at the small Atwood number (0.03-0.04) were used to evaluate several turbulence-model constants. Measurements of the root mean square (r.m.s.) velocity and density fluctuations at the mixing layer centreline for the large A t case showed a strong similarity to lower A t behaviours when properly normalized. A novel conditional averaging technique provided new statistics for RT mixing layers by separating the bubble (light fluid) and spike (heavy fluid) dynamics. The conditional sampling highlighted differences in the vertical turbulent mass flux, and vertical velocity fluctuations, for the bubbles and spikes, which were not otherwise observable. Larger values of the vertical turbulent mass flux and vertical velocity fluctuations were found in the downward-falling spikes, consistent with larger growth rates and momentum of spikes compared with the bubbles.
Periods of vertebral column sensitivity to boric acid treatment in CD-1 mice in utero.

Boric acid (BA) has many uses as an industrial compound and is widely distributed in the environment. BA has been shown to produce rib agenesis, a rare effect in laboratory animals. This study was conducted to determine if there is a period of sensitivity to this unusual effect. BA (500 or 750 mg/kg) was administered p.o. to pregnant CD-1 mice once daily on gestational days (GDs) 6-10. A reduction of 13th rib length occurred at both dose levels. BA 400mg/kg was also administered twice daily on GD 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or on GDs 6-8. A significant decrease in average fetal weight was observed in all treatment groups. Significant increases in the incidence of cervical ribs/ossifications resulted from treatments on GD 7 and GDs 6-8. Rib agenesis occurred with treatment on GD 8 and GDs 6-8. Reduced rib length, a decreased incidence of supernumerary ribs (SNR), and an increased incidence of fused and/or branched ribs occurred when dams were treated GDs 6-8. Doses of 750 mg/kg given twice on day 8 produced significant increases in several thoracic skeletal anomalies. Further studies of pathogenesis are necessary to determine the earliest perturbations and the processes that are affected. The sensitivity of embryos to treatment on GD 8 to rib agenesis suggests that BA is affecting early processes such as gastrulation and presomitic mesoderm formation and patterning in this area.
Peripheral artery and bypass graft thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator

Abstract Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a DNA-synthesized thrombolytic agent recently approved for clinical trials. We present the results of t-PA infusions in 18 patients with thrombosed peripheral arteries (12 patients) and peripheral bypass grafts (six patients). The duration of occlusion ranged from 1 to 21 days (mean, 6.8 days). Infusions of t-PA were done by way of an intra-arterial approach at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/hr. All patients demonstrated thrombus lysis angiographically. Fifteen of 18 (83%) had clinical as well as angiographic improvement. Secondary procedures to maintain patency of the arterial segment were required in seven patients. No complications occurred that were related to the t-PA infusion. No significant prolongation of the prothrombin, thrombin, or activated partial thromboplastin times occurred. At the end of t-PA infusion, the mean circulating fibrinogen level was 59% of the starting value. The therapeutic use of t-PA is still in its preliminary stages and the efficacy and safety of this promising agent need to be further established. From our early experience with t-PA, it appears to be safe as well as effective. (J VASC SURG 1986;3:115-24.)
Unusual usage of noncomplementary dinucleotide primers by the yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase.

Abstract The mitochondrial RNase P RNA gene in yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis transcribed from a variant mitochondrial promoter (SP). The sequence of this SP promoter [TATAAGAAG (+2)] differs from the conserved mitochondrial promoter sequence [TATAAGTAA (+2)] by −1T → A and +2A → G nucleotide substitutions. To determine the effect of these nucleotide alterations in mitochondrial promoter function, anin vitrotranscription analysis was carried out. In the presence of high concentrations of rNTPs (i.e., 125 μ m ), transcription initiation on the wild-type or variant promoter occurred at the conventional 3′ adenine nucleotide. However, at low rNTP concentrations (i.e., 5 μ m ) and in the presence of a complementary dinucleotide primer corresponding to positions −1 + 1, the mitochondrial RNA polymerase started transcription one nucleotide upstream of the conventional start site. Surprisingly, in the presence of some noncomplementary dinucleotides (i.e., GpA or CpA), which do not have perfect Watson–Crick base pairing with the initiator sequence, transcriptional initiation also occurred with the SP promoter but not with the conserved promoter sequence. This finding is the first example of utilization of noncomplementary dinucleotide primer by an RNA polymerase. Further analysis of mitochondrial promoter function by site-directed mutagenesis determined that the guanine nucleotide at position +2 is mainly responsible for this unusual function of the SP promoter.
Factors that influence programming decisions of US symphony orchestras

Program decisions by symphony orchestra management are influenced by various factors. To examine these factors, we create an objective index of the propensity of a symphony orchestra to perform the standard repertoire. We use regression analysis to examine factors that influence programming decisions of 64 US symphony orchestras in 2006–2007, including public and private sources of funding. We find that increased funding from ticket sales, endowments, and local government increases the likelihood that an orchestra will perform nonstandard repertoire. In addition, the results suggest that a symphony orchestra’s music director does not have a significant impact on the degree of program conventionality.
Eachers Need Principals' Uidance in Career Development:

How many principals actually feel responsible for the careers of those under their stewardship? Isn't it the teachers' responsibility to manage their own careers? What role might the educational organization play in helping teachers make good career decisions?
Enhancement of a κ-opioid receptor agonist-induced analgesia by L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan

The effects of the methyl esters of L-tyrosine (L-Tyr-OMe) and L-tryptophan (L-Trp-OMe) on the analgesic action of trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidin)cyclohexyl]-benzene acetamide methane sulfonate (U-50,488H), a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, were determined in male Swiss-Webster mice using the tail-flick test. Intraperitoneal injections of U-50,488H produced a dose-dependent analgesic response. The analgesic response to all doses of U-50,488H was potentiated by L-Tyr-OMe at 200 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the injection of U-50,488H. The effect of various doses of L-Tyr-OMe (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) on the analgesia produced by 20 mg/kg of U-50,488H was also determined. The lowest dose (50 mg/kg) of L-Tyr-OMe did not modify U-50,488H-induced analgesia but the two higher doses enhanced it significantly. L-Tyr-OMe by itself at all the doses tested had no effect on the tail-flick latency. L-Trp-OMe (200 mg/kg) enhanced the analgesic action of 10 and 20 mg/kg doses of U-50,488H but not that induced by a 5 mg/kg dose. The analgesia induced by 20 mg/kg of U-50,488H was potentiated by L-Trp-OMe at 100 and 200 mg/kg but not by a 50 mg/kg dose. L-Trp-OMe by itself also did not alter the tail-flick latency. Previously, the studies in this laboratory have shown that L-Try-OMe potentiates morphine, a mu-opioid receptor agonist-induced analgesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Soft error free, low power and low cost superSRAM with 0.98 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell by utilizing existing 0.15 /spl mu/m-DRAM process

16M-superSRAM with 0.98 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ is developed by existing 0.15 /spl mu/m DRAM processes. As a result, the standby current and random access time of fabricated 16M-superSRAM are about 0.2 /spl mu/A/chip and 43 ns at RT. As superSRAM has a cylindrical stacked capacitor at each node, very high tolerance for SER (soft error rate) is expected as compared with conventional 6Tr-SRAMs. By alpha ray irradiated experiments, an SER free feature of superSRAM is confirmed for the first time.
Administration of a Literacy-Based Curriculum by Teacher and SLP Teams

Abstract A literacy-based language curriculum for Native American and Hispanic American children was jointly administered by four speech-language pathologist (SLP) and teacher teams. Analyses indicated that teachers, when trained and provided with structured lessons, were able to co-administer a curriculum designed to improve language and literacy skills in the classroom.
Standardization and Component Analysis

This paper reviews various procedures of standardization and component analysis which utilize vector or matrix multiplication or are based on regression analysis. Substantive examples using these t...
Early postsettlement predation on three reef fishes: Effects on spatial patterns of recruitment

Marine organisms suffer extensive mortality just after settling from the plankton, yet, little is known about the role that predators play in causing this mortality. We estimated the rates of predation in the first 24 h, and the first week, after settlement in three species of reef fish. To estimate these rates we compared the accumulation of recent settlers on plots from which predators were excluded (by caging) to settlement on unmanipulated control plots. The magnitude of predation varied greatly among our three focal species, even though they are ecologically similar (all are small gobies that inhabit the reef/sand interface). Within 24 h of settlement, predators apparently killed 92% of settled blackeye gobies, 26% of bridled gobies, and 6% of goldspot gobies. Within a week, predation had significantly reduced recruitment of all three species and was the main cause of death during this period. We also tested whether predation on new settlers affected spatial patterns of abundance at two scales. At sm...
Rates of β-amyloid accumulation are independent of hippocampal neurodegeneration

Objective: To test the hypotheses predicted in a hypothetical model of Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers that rates of β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation on PET imaging are not related to hippocampal neurodegeneration whereas rates of neurodegenerative brain atrophy depend on the presence of both amyloid and neurodegeneration in a population-based sample. Methods: A total of 252 cognitively normal (CN) participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging had 2 or more serial visits with both amyloid PET and MRI. Subjects were classified into 4 groups based on baseline positive/negative amyloid PET (A+ or A−) and baseline hippocampal volume (N+ or N−). We compared rates of amyloid accumulation and rates of brain atrophy among the 4 groups. Results: At baseline, 148 (59%) were amyloid negative and neurodegeneration negative (A−N−), 29 (12%) amyloid negative and neurodegeneration positive (A−N+), 56 (22%) amyloid positive and neurodegeneration negative (A+N−), and 19 (8%) amyloid positive and neurodegeneration positive (A+N+). High rates of Aβ accumulation were found in those with abnormal amyloid at baseline and were not influenced by hippocampal neurodegeneration at baseline. In contrast, rates of brain atrophy were greatest in A+N+. Conclusions: We describe a 2-feature biomarker approach to classifying elderly CN subjects that is complementary to the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer9s Association preclinical staging criteria. Our results support 2 key concepts in a model of the temporal evolution of AD biomarkers. First, the rate of Aβ accumulation is not influenced by neurodegeneration and thus may be a biologically independent process. Second, Aβ pathophysiology increases or catalyzes neurodegeneration.
Gaze-evoked amaurosis: a report of five cases

Abstract Objective To highlight the various causes of gaze-evoked amaurosis. Design Retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. Participants Five patients treated at our facility over the past 6 years. Methods Clinical presentation, radiologic studies, surgical management, and postsurgical results are presented. Main outcome measures Visual acuity, clinical findings of gaze-evoked amaurosis. Results Only two patients had classic intraorbital etiologies, one with an intraconal cavernous hemangioma and one with an intraconal foreign body. Three patients had extraorbital processes, two with orbital fractures and one with a sinus tumor. Only two of our patients initially were aware of the gaze-evoked amaurosis at presentation. Appropriate surgery was curative in all cases. Conclusions Gaze-evoked amaurosis is a rare condition, classically implicating intraconal orbital pathology. In one of the largest case series published to date, we found extraorbital etiologies are also capable of producing gaze-evoked vision loss. Gaze-evoked amaurosis should be suspected and tested for in any orbital condition.
Local Anesthetics: Inhibition of Subcutaneous Absorption in Rats

SummaryLocal anesthetics inhibited the clearance of 4-iodoantipyrine when injected into rat subcutaneous tissue. The order of potency for the inhibition was cocaine > prilocaine > lidocaine > procaine > tetracaine. This order is not the same as their local anesthetic potencies. The inhibition of clearance suggests that the local anesthetics have an effect on capillary uptake in the rat which is not related to their well-known vasodilator effect.
Imaging through a circular pipe using synthetic aperture radar

In this paper, we show how synthetic aperture radar techniques used in free space can be adapted to the problem of imaging through an open pipe. By collecting monostatic data along a synthetic aperture and projecting into the matched filter of the pipe channel, a two-dimensional image can be formed. A closed form solution is used to compute the matched filter for a straight circular pipe. The point spread response is subsequently removed using the matching pursuit procedure to reduce sidelobe interference. The imaging methodology is demonstrated through simulation and corroborated with measurement data collected in the laboratory.
Interaction of Bovine Papillomavirus E2 Protein with Brd4 Stabilizes Its Association with Chromatin

The bovine papillomavirus E2 protein maintains and segregates the viral extrachromosomal genomes by tethering them to cellular mitotic chromosomes. E2 interacts with a cellular bromodomain protein, Brd4, to mediate the segregation of viral genomes into daughter cells. Brd4 binds acetylated histones and has been observed to diffusely coat mitotic chromosomes in several cell types. In this study, we show that in mitotic C127 cells, Brd4 diffusely coated the condensed chromosomes. However, in the presence of the E2 protein, E2 and Brd4 colocalized in punctate dots that were randomly distributed over the chromosomes. A similar pattern of E2 and Brd4 colocalization on mitotic chromosomes was observed in CV-1 cells, whereas only a faint chromosomal coating of Brd4 was detected in the absence of the E2 protein. Therefore, the viral E2 protein relocalizes and/or stabilizes the association of Brd4 with chromosomes in mitotic cells. The colocalization of E2 and Brd4 was also observed in interphase cells, indicating that this protein-protein interaction persists throughout the cell cycle. The interaction of E2 with Brd4 greatly stabilized the association of Brd4 with interphase chromatin. In both mitotic and interphase cells, this stabilization required a transcriptionally competent transactivation domain, but not the DNA binding function of the E2 protein. Thus, the E2 protein modulates the chromatin association of Brd4 during both interphase and mitosis. This study demonstrates that the segregation of papillomavirus genomes is not simply due to the passive hitchhiking of the E2/genome complex with a convenient cellular chromosomal protein.