cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Practical design and performance evaluation of completion detection circuits

To achieve the goal of designing high performance self-timed circuits, one of the key factors is to design a fast completion detection circuit, detecting the completion of the self-timed circuit. Some recent work proposed by Wuu and Yun on completion detection circuits is reviewed. A new design of high performance completion detection circuits for dual-rail self-timed circuits is presented. The results of our SPICE simulation show that our computation-completion detection circuit is more than 9 times faster than Wuu's and Yun's, and our reset-completion detection circuits is 2.7 times faster than Wuu's.
Subspace identification for disturbance rejection control design in gas turbines

This paper discusses approximate system identification of a gas turbine operating with closed loop feedback control of the fuel and airflow. The objective is to obtain multi-input multi-output linear dynamic models to capture the system dynamics over a wide operating range of the turbine. In the proposed approximate modeling, the dynamics of a gas turbine at multiple operating conditions is described by a single multivariable model with additional scaling to account for gain variations. A covariance-based subspace system identification algorithm is applied to obtain dynamic linear models of a generalized plant model of the combined controller and gas turbine from data generated from a first principles simulation. The procedure is demonstrated to sufficiently replicate the operation of closed loop system to enable a single generalized linear model to replicate the nonlinear turbine dynamics and enable subsequent robust control design.
Modeling and analysis of coplanar waveguide (CPW) based multilayer on-chip inductors

CPW based multilayer inductors which can provide higher frequency band and Q factor value are studied and characterized so that a new microwave Equivalent circuit model may be found. In order to study the correlation between the inductance and the length, width and thickness of the conductor, EM structures of multilayer inductors are designed and compared of electrical models. Data analysis and graphic comparison of inductance, S-parameter will be collected and shown.
Pregnancy outcomes in urban teenagers.

Objectives: To compare pregnancy outcomes for teenagers with those for older gravidas. Methods: A retrospective case control study was undertaken to compare teenagers who delivered between January 1996 and October 1999 at a public urban hospital with a group of older gravidas. Results: Young pregnant teenagers were more likely to be nulliparous. They weighed less and gained less in pregnancy. More teen pregnancies occurred among Hispanics than other ethnic groups. The younger the teenager, the more likely for her infant to be of low or very low birth weight or growth restricted. There were fewer postmature deliveries, macrosomic fetuses and cesarean deliveries in young gravidas. Perinatal mortality was unaffected by maternal age. Conclusions: This investigation demonstrates that, while pregnancy outcomes in teenagers have improved in recent years relative to historical patterns, teenagers face continuing problems requiring special attention by care givers.
Transitory changes of primacy and recency in successive single-trial free recall.

Transitory changes of primacy and recency in successive single-trial free recall were investigated in three experiments. A trial-by-trial analysis of the serial position curves indicated a pronounced primacy and a moderate recency on the very first recall trial. The primacy reduced and the recency increased rapidly afterward with a concurrent shift in correlation (from positive to negative) between the input and output order of the items recalled and an increase in output priority of end items. The effects of release of interlist proactive interference (PI) on the primacy and recency were studied in Experiments 2 and 3. Release of interlist PI recovered and maintained the pronounced primacy and the overall recall performance. In addition, the output priority of end items and the correlation between the input and output order of the recalled items did not change significantly when the interlist PI was controlled. Therefore, interlist PI affected the primacy; recall strategy or output priority affected the recency; and the development of recall strategy relied on the presence of interlist PI.
The proactive brain: memory for predictions

It is proposed that the human brain is proactive in that it continuously generates predictions that anticipate the relevant future. In this proposal, analogies are derived from elementary information that is extracted rapidly from the input, to link that input with the representations that exist in memory. Finding an analogical link results in the generation of focused predictions via associative activation of representations that are relevant to this analogy, in the given context. Predictions in complex circumstances, such as social interactions, combine multiple analogies. Such predictions need not be created afresh in new situations, but rather rely on existing scripts in memory, which are the result of real as well as of previously imagined experiences. This cognitive neuroscience framework provides a new hypothesis with which to consider the purpose of memory, and can help explain a variety of phenomena, ranging from recognition to first impressions, and from the brain’s ‘default mode’ to a host of mental disorders.
Process Variation As a Determinant of Bank Performance: Evidence From the Retail Banking Study

This paper explores the relation between retail banks' branch-based processes and financial performance. There are 11 processes included in this study, which represent the bulk of the activities performed in a typical retail branch (e.g., opening checking accounts). The first finding of this study is that the financial performance of banks that perform better across these processes tend to be better than that of other banks. In addition to the variation in process performance across banks, there is also substantial variation across processes within banks. That is, banks that performed well in one process often performed quite badly in another. We present an analytical model that shows that improvement in process variation can be more important than improvement in aggregate process performance when dealing with certain customer segments. Empirical evidence from the Wharton Financial Institution Center Retail Banking Study of bank holding companies in the United States provides support.
“You don't expect me to believe that, do you?” Expectations influence recall and belief of alibi information

Presumptions of guilt could bias criminal investigators' interviews of suspects, reducing recall of exculpatory alibi information, and the label “alibi” could be enough to create a presumption of guilt. Participants (n = 285) viewed a videotaped narrative account; some participants knew prior to viewing that the account was an alibi whereas others discovered this after viewing. Also, some participants were given an expectation that the alibi provider was guilty or innocent. Results indicated participants with a presumption of guilt before viewing the alibi recalled less alibi-relevant information, found the alibi less believable, and viewed the alibi provider more negatively than did participants without such an expectation, and that a label of “alibi” was not enough to create a presumption of guilt.
Immunological detection of N-formylkynurenine in porphyrin-mediated photooxided lens α-crystallin.

Crystallin proteins are responsible for maintaining lens transparency and allowing the lens to focus light undistorted onto the retina. The a-crystallins are the major lens crystallins, and function as both structural proteins and chaperones to protect all lens proteins from damage leading to lens deterioration. Because lens crystallin proteins do not turn over, the damage they accumulate can lead to cataracts, the world’s leading cause of blindness. Photosensitizing porphyrins can accumulate in the eye through either endogenous metabolism or through therapeutic or diagnostic procedures. Porphyrin buildup exacerbates lens aging through increased levels of singlet oxygen, resulting in protein polymerization and amino acid residue alteration. Tryptophans oxidize to kynurenine and N-formylkynurenine (NFK) causing irreversible changes in the refractive index of the normally transparent lens, leading to development of cataracts. Additionally, NFK is itself a photosensitizer, and its presence exacerbates lens deterioration. This work uses anti-NFK antiserum to study porphyrin-facilitated photooxidation of a-crystallin tryptophan residues. In vitro experiments show that four biologically interesting porphyrins mediate a-crystallin polymerization and accumulation of both protein radicals and NFK. Confocal microscopy of cultured human lens epithelial cells indicates that while all four porphyrins photosensitize cellular proteins, not all oxidize the tryptophans of cellular a-crystallin to NFK.
Performance of Search Algorithms in the Examination of Chemical Reaction Spaces with an Automated Chemistry Workstation

One of the challenges in applying automated chemistry workstations to problems of reaction optimization entails choosing an appropriate optimization algorithm. In the study described herein, 10 different algorithms have been examined for efficacy in searching reaction spaces using scenarios that explore effects of workstation parallelism and search space size. The algorithms differ in scheduling (serial vs. parallel), adaptive features (open loop vs. closed loop), and methods for stepping through the search space. Several two-tiered algorithms enable a breadth-first survey followed by an indepth optimization. For a workstation with modest parallel capacity, a parallel but nonadaptive algorithm is most effective in small or coarse-grained search spaces, whereas parallel adaptive algorithms are superior for examining large or fine-grained search spaces. The parallel adaptive algorithms become increasingly effective as the size of the search space increases. A serial algorithm is most attractive with a seria...
On the Complexity of Selecting Disjunctions in Integer Programming

The imposition of general disjunctions of the form “$\pi x\leq\pi_0\vee\pi x\geq\pi_0+1$,” where $\pi,\pi_0$ are integer-valued, is a fundamental operation in both the branch-and-bound and cutting-plane algorithms for solving mixed integer linear programs. Such disjunctions can be used for branching at each iteration of the branch-and-bound algorithm or to generate split inequalities for the cutting-plane algorithm. We first consider the problem of selecting a general disjunction and show that the problem of selecting an optimal such disjunction, according to specific criteria described herein, is $\mathcal{NP}$-hard. We further show that the problem remains $\mathcal{NP}$-hard even for binary programs or when considering certain restricted classes of disjunctions. We observe that the problem of deciding whether a given inequality is a split inequality can be reduced to one of the above problems, which leads to a proof that the problem is $\mathcal{NP}$-complete.
Token Ring Networks

The sections in this article are 1 Brief History of Ring Networks 2 Token-Ring Technology 3 Token-Ring Access Protocol, Monitoring, and Recovery 4 Multiring Networks 5 Dedicated (“Switched”) Token Ring
The relationship between deoxyribonucleic acid replication and cell division in heat-synchronized tetrahymena.

The effect of supraoptimal temperature on macronuclear DNA synthesis in Tetrahymena was studied by radioautography during prolonged heat and heat-shock synchronization treatments. Prolonged heat treatments (34°C) delayed the initiation of S, but did not appreciably delay DNA synthesis in progress. Return to optimal temperature (28°C) 50 or 100 min later resulted in initiation of S, in delayed cells, at a rate greater than in controls. During the synchronization treatment, most cells were unable to enter S during a heat shock, but initiated S with a slight delay during the following intershock period. These cells were not appreciably delayed in completion of S by subsequent heat shocks. Supraoptimal temperature appears to affect the DNA synthetic cycle near the G1 to S transition. Cells subjected to the heat-shock treatment in early G1 all participated in one S period, and many underwent a succession of two S periods. DNA synthesis occurred in about 50% of the cells between EST and the first synchronous division, with the likelihood of DNA synthesis becoming greater the longer the interval between these two events. In some cells no detectable DNA synthesis occurred between EST and the second synchronous division. It was concluded that a precise temporal alternation of DNA replication and cell division is not obligatory in Tetrahymena.
What does geometric mean, mean geometrically? Assessing the utility of geometric mean and other size variables in studies of skull allometry

This study investigated the effects of using different size variables for interpretations of relative orbit size and mandibular robusticity. Thirty-three skull measurements taken on 385 platyrrhines representing 12 of 16 New World monkey genera (in addition to body mass and total body length) were used singly and in combinations (by taking the geometric mean of all measurements) as size variables to produce relative size indices of orbit area and mandibular thickness. These indices were then compared to investigate which size variables proved effective at differentiating nocturnal from diurnal taxa and hard object from soft object feeders based upon results from previous biomechanical studies. It was found that certain groups of size variables consistently produced the a priori expectations and resulted in lower coefficients of variation. The general principles shared by these size variables were that they sampled anatomically remote regions of the skull that appear to be functionally independent from the trait being evaluated and they were nearly always geometric mean combinations composed of a relatively high number (>or=12) of large measurements. Suggestions are also presented for amending these principles for use with incomplete material such as fossils.
Behavioral Response of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae to Synthetic and Natural Attractants and Repellents

Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the key vector of three important arboviral diseases: dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. Immature stages of this species inhabit human-made containers placed in residential landscapes. In this study, we evaluated a few compounds in a sensitive behavioral assay with Ae. aegypti larvae. The orientation of larvae to different compounds was surveyed using a performance index (PI). The PI represents the response to each odorant, where a value of +1 is indicative of full attraction and -1 represents complete repulsion. The widely used insect repellent N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide elicited a significantly negative PI, as did acetophenone and indole. A yeast extract, a known food source, elicited a significantly positive PI, as did 2-methylphenol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-methylphenol, and fish food. On the other hand, no response was observed for the essential oil of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis at the concentration evaluated. Pretreatment of larvae with N-ethylmaleimide and ablation of the antennae resulted in a suppression of behavioral responses. The overall mobility of ablated larvae was indistinguishable from unablated controls, and absence of any visible locomotor dysfunction was observed. This work is a contribution to the study of the chemical ecology of disease vectors with the aim of developing more efficient tools for surveillance and control.Natural and synthetic compounds attractive to Ae. aegypti larvae should be incorporated into integrated pest management programs through the use of baited traps or by improving the efficacy of larvicides commonly used in control campaigns.
The Long-term Historical Development of Racist Tendencies within the Political and Social Context of Belgium:

In this article the author provides a brief overview of the immigrant population in Belgium as well as an in-depth analysis of political developments in that country. This background forms the context for interpreting the electoral successes of the xenophobic far-right, as well as the public policies and mainstream social science research relating to the ‘integration’ of minorities. Based on an analysis of both Dutch and French sources, examples of everyday racism are provided and critical questions are raised regarding the different policies in the northern and southern parts of the country.
A Review of High School Physics Education in the United States of America

Physics is often considered to be one of the most difficult subjects to study. Thus, it is particularly important to have good physics teachers to teach the subject. However, a close look at the statistical data indicates that about 67% of high school physics teachers did not major in physics. Physics is being taught by teachers that are in variety of subjects, mostly another science and math. In addition, two-third of the 27,000 physics teachers teach other subjects than physics. Quantitative/Qualitative assessments and reasoning are made about the statistical data. Potential reasons for the current statistics and consequences are discussed. In addition, lack of mathematics background in the freshman and sophomore years of high school appears to push the physics classes towards junior and senior years, taken as an elective, or not taken at all. High school curriculum, teacher training and salary issues are also discussed.
Entangled in a heart-ailing quandary: could modified cofilin-2 be a culprit of Alzheimer's disease of the heart?

As shown by the presence of pre-amyloid oligomers (PAOs) or congophilic fibrillary aggregates in the cardiomyocytes of failing human hearts [(1,2)][1], aggregation of aberrant cardiac protein and inadequate protein quality control (PQC) are associated with and may play an important pathogenic role
Lateral Diffusion as a Rate-Limiting Step in Mitochondrial Electron Transport

The effects of membrane protein density, temperature, and aqueous sucrose concentration on the maximum rate of mitochondrial electron transport and diffusion rates of redox components are examined. It is shown that these factors affect both the rate of lateral diffusion and the rate of electron transport. These effects are discussed in relation to the random collision model of mitochondrial electron transport. The results show that mitochondrial electron transport is a multicollision,obstructed, long-range, diffusional process and that the maximum rate of mitochondrial electron transport in the ubiquinone region is limited by diffusion.
Evaluating the effects of late-gestation supplementation on timed–artificial insemination pregnancy rates and body composition in beef cattle

ABSTRACT Nonlactating Angus cross beef cows were used to evaluate pregnancy rates and postpartum performance following late-gestation liquid protein or dried distillers grains (DDG) supplementation. In Exp. 1, 166 multiparous cows were stratified by BW, BCS, age, and pregnancy status to receive a free-choice liquid-protein or DDG supplement fed to be isonitrogenous for 77 d during late gestation. In Exp. 2, 53 nulliparous and 36 primiparous cows were stratified similar to Exp. 1 and fed DDG at maintenance (DDG-1) or 1.2 times maintenance (DDG-1.2) energy requirements for 44 d during late gestation. Body weight and BCS were measured at initial supplementation, calving (except BW), timed AI, and weaning to determine BW and BCS change. Cows were sorted into 3 age groups (Exp. 1) and evaluated for BW and BCS change at weaning. All females were synchronized with a 7-d CO-Synch plus controlled intravaginal drug-release protocol with 72 h of timed AI. In Exp. 1, cows fed DDG had greater (P 0.10) on BW or BCS change. Timed-AI pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.10) across treatments for both experiments. Late-gestation supplementation with DDG had positive effects on animal performance, with the greatest effect in the younger females.
Extra-adrenal myelolipoma presenting in the spleen: A report of two cases

Abstract Myelolipoma is a rare neoplasm composed of mature fat and bone marrow occurring most frequently in the adrenal gland with rare occurrences in extra adrenal locations including lung, liver, retroperitoneum, mediastinum and testes. Splenic myelolipomas are seen most commonly in non-human species including cat and dog. Only rare cases of splenic myelolipoma in humans have been reported previously. We present two cases of myelolipoma in the spleen. The first is a 62year old female presenting with abdominal pain and a splenic mass. The second is a 44year old male presenting with hematuria and a mass in the spleen. Both cases showed trilineage bone marrow elements with mature fat. These cases demonstrate that myelolipoma do rarely occur in human spleen and we highlight the distinction from extramedullary hematopoiesis, mature extramedullary myeloid tumor (myeloid sarcoma), lipoma and well differentiated liposarcoma.
Nonlinear Feature Transformation and Deep Fusion for Alzheimer's Disease Staging Analysis

In this study, we develop a novel nonlinear metric learning method to improve biomarker identification for Alzheimer's Disease AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI. Formulated under a constrained optimization framework, the proposed method learns a smooth nonlinear feature space transformation that makes the input data points more linearly separable in SVMs. The thin-plate spline TPS is chosen as the geometric model due to its remarkable versatility and representation power in accounting for sophisticated deformations. In addition, a deep network based feature fusion strategy through stacked denoising sparse autoencoder DSAE is adopted to integrate cross-sectional and longitudinal features estimated from MR brain images. Using the ADNI dataset, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed feature transformation and feature fusion strategies and demonstrate the improvements over the state-of-the-art solutions within the same category.
Parental engagement on student academic self-efficacy and educational attainment expectation for immigrant youth

With the increase of immigration to the United States, immigrant children have a unique position in the education system. Immigrant parents influence their children through different academic engagement practices. It is important to understand how parents impact students' academic experiences. Employing the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002, statistical analyses evaluated a sample of 2,514 high school sophomore immigrant students. The impact of parental engagement on the dependent variables were also compared between native language groups to learn whether or not specific cultural engagement practices impact student self-efficacy and attainment expectation differently. Findings revealed that parental engagement impacts academic self-efficacy and educational attainment expectation. Native language group differences indicated that the impact of parental engagement on the dependent variables was often greater for the Asian groups than Spanish and English speaking immigrants. Educators can use the information gained from this study to help immigrant parents improve their children's academic experiences.
Where is HIPAA taking physician practices

Several provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, were intended to encourage electronic data interchange (EDI) and safeguard the security, privacy, and confidentiality of patient health information.[1] In the context of this act, security is the means by which confidentiality and privacy are insured. Confidentially defines how patient data can be protected from inappropriate access, while privacy is concerned with who should have access to the patient data. This article explores how the policies stipulated by HIPAA are shaping the practice of medicine and will likely affect your practice in the future.
Immune dysregulation in Periodic Fever, Aphthous atomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome

Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is an autoinflammatory disorder of childhood and little is known about the underlying etiology, pathogenesis or the reason behind the success of tonsillectomy. Numerous immune cell types are present in the tonsillar microenvironment, each of which may contribute to the pattern of symptoms observed in PFAPA patients.
Canon Fodder-A Case for Contrarian Science.

Cannon fodder are expendable soldiers deployed as “food” for enemy cannon fire when there is no hope of ultimately prevailing: generals dispose of “worthless” soldiers by sacrificing them to the cannon. Here, I adopt the term Canon fodder to describe contrarian scientific concepts dismissed because they do not conform to conventional wisdom: reviewers dispose of “unworthy” science by sacrificing it to the canon. It is a rare opportunity to be invited to opine to one’s peers on a topic of choice. Actually, my peers are my chosen topic. Specifically, peer review. Twenty-five years ago, I eschewed job security as an interventional cardiologist in favor of academic research. Consequently, I needed NIH R01 funding. After my initial attempts failed spectacularly, one of my mentors (it was Jeff Robbins or Rick Walsh, or perhaps both) provided surprising guidance: I should compose my grant application with 4 specific aims, then discard the most exciting aim and submit what remained. This would avoid provocation in favor of the conventional and acceptable. It was sage advice from highly successful senior investigators (I learned this the hard way, by initially disregarding it and suffering the consequences). I envisioned testing the neurohormonal hypothesis of heart failure1 by expressing in cardiac myocytes a signaling molecule common to neurohormonal pathways postulated to mediate pathological hypertrophy. I would use the then-new mouse α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) promoter2 to drive cardiac-specific expression of the α subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein, Gq, the common proximal transducer for angtiotensin II (type 1), endothelin, and norepinephrine (α-adrenergic) signaling.3 I reasoned that cardiomyocyte-specific activation of Gq signaling would circumvent hemodynamic effects (eg, hypertension) of Gq-coupled neurohormones. If the planned Gαq transgenic mice developed hypertrophy and heart failure, then cardiomyocytes were autonomously responding to neurohormonal signaling, thus proving the neurohormonal hypothesis. My first postdoctoral …
Montane birds shift downslope despite recent warming in the northern Appalachian Mountains

Montane regions support distinct animal and plant communities that are widely viewed as communities of high conservation concern due to their significant contribution to regional biodiversity. These communities are also thought to be particularly vulnerable to anthropogenically caused stressors such as climate change, which is generally expected to cause upward shifts and potential range restrictions in montane plant and animal distributions. In the northern Appalachian Mountains of North America, not only is it becoming warmer at mid-elevations but the ecotone between the northern hardwood and the montane coniferous forests is also shifting. Therefore, species that are limited by climate or habitat along the elevational gradient of mountains may also be experiencing distributional shifts. We studied birds along replicate elevational gradients in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA, from 1993 to 2009 and used mixed effects models to estimate the rate of elevational change to test the hypothesis that northern hardwood forest- and montane forest-dependent birds are shifting upslope, consistent with climate change predictions. As predicted, the upper elevational boundary of 9 out of 16 low-elevation species showed evidence of shifting upslope an average of 99 m over the course of the study period. Contrary to our expectations, 9 out of 11 high-elevation species had lower elevational boundaries that shifted downslope an average of 19 m. The opposing elevational shifts of two distinct and adjacent bird communities is, to our knowledge, unprecedented and highlights the need for caution when applying conventional expectations to species’ responses to climate change.
Transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by complexes of ruthenium(II) with the heterotridentate [P,N,O] ligands (S)-2-[{2-(diphenylphosphanyl)benzylidene}amino]propan-1-ol, (S)-2-[{2-(diphenylphosphanyl)benzyl}amino]propan-1-ol or the [P,N,S] ligand (S)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-(diphenylphosphino)-3-(methylthio)propane

Abstract Ruthenium complexes [mer-κ3-{(S)-Ph2PC6H4CH = NCH(CH3)CH2OH}PPh3RuCl2 P,N,O] 1, [mer-κ3-{(S)-Ph2PC6H4CH2NHCH(CH3)CH2OH}PPh3RuCl2 P,N,O] 2 and [{(S)-Ph2PCH2C(H)N(CH3)2CH2SCH3}PPh3RuCl2] 3 have been prepared and their activity in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones investigated. Using isopropanol-isopropoxide as the hydrogen donor, 1.OPPh3.toluene and 2.OPPh3.CH2Cl2 both showed low activity with average turnover frequency up to 1.1 per hour and enantiomeric excess up to 39.9% where 3 showed no activity. With dimethylamine borane as the hydrogen donor, 1.OPPh3.toluene and 3 proved active catalysts showing average activity up to 3.0 turnovers per hour and selectivity up to 46% ee. New structural information on [(HNMe2)2BH2]Cl, a side product in the reaction, is presented.
Measurement of qˆ in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions using di-hadron correlations

Abstract The propagation of partons from hard scattering through the Quark Gluon Plasma produced in A+A collisions at RHIC and the LHC is represented in theoretical analyses by the transport coefficient q ˆ and predicted to cause both energy loss of the outgoing partons, observed as suppression of particles or jets with large transverse momentum p T , and broadening of the azimuthal correlations of the outgoing di-jets or di-hadrons from the outgoing parton-pair, which has not been observed. The widths of azimuthal correlations of di-hadrons with the same trigger particle p T t and associated p T a transverse momenta in p+p and Au+Au are so-far statistically indistinguishable as shown in recent as well as older di-hadron measurements and also with jet-hadron and hadron-jet measurements. The azimuthal width of the di-hadron correlations in p+p collisions, beyond the fragmentation transverse momentum, j T , is dominated by k T , the so-called intrinsic transverse momentum of a parton in a nucleon, which can be measured. The broadening should produce a larger k T in A+A than in p+p collisions. The present work introduces the observation that the k T measured in p+p collisions for di-hadrons with p T t and p T a must be reduced to compensate for the energy loss of both the trigger and away parent partons when comparing to the k T measured with the same di-hadron p T t and p T a in Au+Au collisions. This idea is applied to a recent STAR di-hadron measurement, with result 〈 q ˆ L 〉 = 2.1 ± 0.6 GeV2. This is more precise but in agreement with a theoretical calculation of 〈 q ˆ L 〉 = 14 − 14 + 42 GeV2 using the same data. Assuming a length 〈 L 〉 ≈ 7 fm for central Au+Au collisions the present result gives q ˆ ≈ 0.30 ± 0.09 GeV2/fm, in fair agreement with the JET collaboration result from single hadron suppression of q ˆ ≈ 1.2 ± 0.3 GeV2/fm at an initial time τ 0 = 0.6 fm/c in Au+Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV.
Positive Psychology, a New Interpretative Lens for Scripture

A great gift of positive psychology to systematic and biblical theology is the challenge to apply a different, more positive lens to theological discussion and biblical interpretation. The notion of applying a particular lens to such academic endeavors is not new and indeed to acknowledge such an application is simply to be intellectually honest. Certainly since Augustine of Hippo, Western theology has, rightly or wrongly when examining Augustine himself, applied the lens of Genesis 3 to much biblical interpretation. Arguably Augustine himself placed as much emphasis on the fundamental divine gift that human beings are made in the image of God as he did on the events of Genesis 3 (Charry ET: God and the art of happiness/Ellen T. Charry. W.B. Eerdmans Pub., Grand Rapids, 2010, p. 51). Nonetheless, it has been Augustine’s interpretation of Genesis 3 through the lens of Romans 5, which has proved normative for much of Western Christian theology. As a side issue, it is interesting to note that the term “The Fall”, used extensively in the interpretation of Genesis 3 and much systematic theology when discussing the issue of salvation, does not appear in Genesis 3, Romans 5, nor anywhere else in the Bible.
Ethics in academic publishing: a timely reminder

Most, if not all, academic librarians are by now familiar with the term “predatory publishing.”
What Controls the Variability of Carbon Dioxide in the Surface Ocean? A Plea for Complete Information

The annual exchanges of carbon dioxide gas between the atmosphere and the surface ocean, and the slow but inexorable oceanic uptake of fossil fuel CO2, are among the most important problems addressed by ocean chemists today.
Direct Micropatterning of Extracellular Matrix Proteins on Functionalized Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Shows Geometric Regulation of Cell-Cell Junctions.

Microcontact printing of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in defined regions of a substrate allows spatial control over cell attachment and enables the study of cellular response to irregular ECM geometries. Over the past decade, numerous micropatterning techniques have emerged that conjugate ECM proteins on hydrogel substrates of tunable stiffness, which have revealed a range of cellular responses to varying matrix stiffness and geometry. However, micropatterning of ECM proteins on polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogel remains inconsistent due to its unreliable conjugation with the commonly used protein cross-linkers, particularly at low stiffness. To address these problems, we developed a micropatterning technique in which the PA gel is functionalized by incorporating oxidized N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, which allows direct protein binding through reactive aldehyde groups without any exogenous cross-linkers. As a result, a uniform and consistent protein transfer onto the hydrogel substrates of defined geometrie...
Intraarterial Therapy with or without Radiation Therapy for Patients with Brain Tumors

The brain is the frequent site for primary and metastatic tumors. CNS metastases represent the largest number of tumors found in the brain. It is estimated that over 170,000 cases of new brain metastases occur annually in the United States (Sause, 2000). Bronchogenic carcinoma is the single most common tumor to metastasize to the brain.
Spectral and Scattering Theory

The basic spectral theory of the Laplacian on a geometrically finite hyperbolic manifold was worked out by Lax-Phillips [148, 149, 150, 151], in the abstract framework of Lax-Phillips scattering theory [152].
The role of microtubles and microfilaments in thyroid secretion.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of microtubules and microfilaments in thyroid secretion. Microtubules, organized into special structures, are associated with both rapid and slow movement in cells. By contrast, a structural or nonmotile role is likely for microtubules in nervous tissue. To explore the possible role of microtubules in thyroid secretion, microtubules, antitubulins, and the secretory process must be examined. Microtubules are found at very different levels of geometrical organization. Activation of thyroid secretion proceeds by a nonprotein synthetic action of cyclic adenosine 5′-phosphate (cAMP) on the mobility and deformability of the apical membrane of the thyroid cell, which in turn leads to pseudopod formation and endocytosis of colloid droplets. Such surface effects may be akin to those seen in cells in culture exposed to cAMP. These are transformed from the epithelium-like cells to fibroblast-like cells with processes or axon elongation under the influence of nerve growth factor. Colchicine, colcemid, and/or cytochalasin reverse or prevent these elongations and favor the epithelial form. An antagonism between cAMP and colchicine is also observed on cell surface activity.
Potential Analytical Aspects of Laser Multiphoton Ionization Mass Spectrometry

This article deals with possible analytical applications of a newly developed technique, laser ionization mass spectrometry. The instrument is a “laser mass spectrometer” (LAMS), whose essential new features consist of a pulsed, tunable-dye-laser ionization source and a gated-detection system for the mass-separated ions. Multiple photon ionization (MPI) spectra of isolated molecules are obtained via irradiation (by means of the pulsed, tunable laser) of a molecular beam traversing the ion-source region of a mass spectrometer. At each resonance in the vibronic MPI spectrum, a mass spectral fragmentation pattern can be recorded, yielding the branching fractions for the formation of the different ionic products. Such “two- dimensional” vibronic/ mass spectra are highly specific: every molecule (and each of its isotopic variants) has a unique MPI-mass spectrum. Ionization and fragmentation thresholds in the 10–20 eV range have been reached using readily available 2–3 eV laser photons. Thus the laser ionization mass spectrometer has many of the desirable atttributes of a far UV (e.g., synchrotron radiation) photoionization mass spectrometer, such as wavelength selectivity, but LAMS can provide higher peak photon flux densities and thereby access one-photon-forbidden intermediate states. Results on vibronic/ mass spectra of benzene and other polyatomic molecules are discussed. Consideration is given to such questions as the present practicality, ultimate sensitivity, and future analytical potential of laser ionization mass spectrometry.
Molecular Prognostic Markers in Colon Cancer

Colorectal cancer arises as a consequence of the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Significant progress has been made to identify the different biomarkers associated with the biological and clinical behaviour of colorectal tumours. Several new molecular predictive and prognostic markers have been identified and are now being translated into routine clinical practice. One of the challenges is that most biomarker studies that are carried out retrospectively need to be validated prospectively with molecular markers as a secondary objective according to level II evidence. Establishing associations between molecular fingerprints, disease-free survival/overall survival and response will result in more successful and less toxic therapeutic regimens for cancer patients. This book chapter aims to summarize the most currently available markers in colorectal cancer that provide prognostic or predictive information, including clinico-pathologic prognostic markers, genomic instability, genetic markers and epigenetic markers.
Emdr and emotionally oriented couples therapy

When reviewing past and current research on the role of emotion in couples therapy, there appeared to be a lack of articulation concerning how emotional expressions and relational dynamics are affected by emotional trauma that has not been accessed. The authors demonstrate how emotionally and experientially oriented therapy with couples can be enhanced by accessing stored trauma through the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). This approach is called Eye Movement Relationship Enhancement (EMRE) therapy and includes key clinical areas such as accessing and tolerating previously disowned emotion, reprocessing emotional experiences, and amplifying couple intimacy. These key areas are discussed and illustrated with case examples.
Hemodynamics of tonic immobility in the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ) identified through Doppler ultrasonography

American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) held inverted exhibit tonic immobility, combining unresponsiveness with flaccid paralysis. We hypothesize that inverting the alligator causes a gravitationally promoted increase in right aortic blood flowing through the foramen of Panizza, with a concurrent decrease in blood flow through the primary carotid, and thereby of cerebral perfusion. Inverting the alligator results in displacement of the liver, post-pulmonary septum, and the heart. EKG analysis revealed a significant decrease in heart rate following inversion; this decrease was maintained for approximately 45 s after inversion which is in general agreement with the total duration of tonic immobility in alligators (49 s). Doppler ultrasonography revealed that following inversion of the alligator, there was a reversal in direction of blood flow through the foramen of Panizza, and this blood flow had a significant increase in velocity (compared to the foraminal flow in the prone alligator). There was an associated significant decrease in the velocity of blood flow through the primary carotid artery once the alligator was held in the supine position. Tonic immobility in the alligator appears to be a form of vasovagal syncope which arises, in part, from the unique features of the crocodilian heart.
Presence of Postflexion Spotfin Butterflyfish, Chaetodon ocellatus (Chaetodontidae), in a Southern Maine Estuary, Gulf of Maine

A postflexion (tholichthys-stage) Chaetodon ocellatus (Spotfin Butterflyfish) was captured in a Southern Maine estuary in October 2017. As the Gulf of Maine continues its current warming trend, we anticipate an increase in the presence of such transient tropical species.
Comprehensive screening of quaternary ammonium surfactants and ionic liquids in wastewater effluents and lake sediments

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely applied as surfactants and biocides in cleaning and personal-care products. Because of incomplete removal during wastewater treatment, QACs are present in wastewater effluents, with which they are discharged into natural waters, where they accumulate in sediments. To assess the levels of QACs in aquatic environments, a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry method using both target and suspect screening was developed. The water and sediment sample preparation, measurement, and data analysis workflow were optimized for 22 target compounds with a wide range of hydrophobicity, including ionic liquids that have potential use as solvents and QACs common in personal-care and sanitizing products. In wastewater effluents, average concentrations of all target and suspect QACs combined ranged from 0.4 μg L-1 to 6.6 μg L-1. Various homologs of benzylalkyldimethylammonium (BAC) and dialkyldimethylammonium (DADMAC) as well as the ionic liquid butylpyridinium and 15 suspect QACs were detected in at least one wastewater effluent sample. A spatial profile of sediment samples in a lake demonstrated potential inputs from both municipal wastewater effluent and agricultural sources for BACs. In sediment cores, two distinct trends of temporal QAC accumulation were observed. In lakes with large watersheds and mixed domestic and industrial wastewater sources (Lake Pepin and Duluth Harbor), peak concentrations of QACs were found at depths corresponding to deposition in the 1980s and decreases after this time are attributed to improved wastewater treatment and source control. In a smaller lake with predominantly domestic wastewater inputs (Lake Winona), concentrations of QACs increased slowly over time until today.
Plane-Polarized, Two-Crystal X-ray Spectrometer

A two-crystal spectrometer employing a Cole polarizer made from a germanium crystal as one of the crystals is described. Experimental tests show that placing the polarizer crystal in the second position markedly improves the degree of plane polarization, in full agreement with the predictions of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction. Tests indicate that the twice-diffracted beam is better than 95% plane polarized. The angular resolving power of the instrument is comparable to that of conventional two-crystal spectrometers. The almost wholly plane-polarized monochromatic X-radiation, moreover, permits certain tests to be carried out far more effectively than is possible with partly polarized X-ray beams.
Placement of a Fully Magnetically Levitated Left Ventricular Assist Device: Intrathoracic versus Intrapericardial

Purpose A fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device can be placed in either the intra-thoracic cavity or the intra-pericardial cavity. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of pump location in patients following fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 161 patients who received fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow LVAD at our center between November 2014 and August 2019. Pump location was determined from the operative record and CT scan images if available. We identified 77 patients (48%) with intra-thoracic placement (Group T) and 84 patients (52%) with intra-pericardial placement (Group P). Clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Results Patients in Group T were older (61 vs. 57 years, p=0.05), more likely to have prior sternotomy (27% vs. 11%, p=0.008), and more frequently INTERMACS class I (21% vs. 5.9%, p=0.008) compared with patients in Group P. Incidence of perioperative right ventricular assist device (RVAD) was significantly lower in Group T (23% vs. 38%, p=0.045). In-hospital mortality was 8.6% in Group T vs. 3.6% in Group P (p=0.15). Kaplan-meier curve analysis showed 2-year survival of 83% in Group T and 93% in Group P (p=0.15). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated INTERMACS class I was an independent predictor of RVAD use (OR 16.9, 95% CI 5.09-56.2, p Conclusion In our study, intrathoracic vs. intrapericardial fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow pump placement did not affect overall clinical outcomes.
Anticancer strategies by upregulating p53 through inhibition of its ubiquitination by MDM2

The potentiation of p53 activity through inhibition of its negative regulator MDM2 is an attractive strategy for anticancer therapy. Much progress has been made in the last decade in a diverse range of areas related to p53 and MDM2. This review focuses on the recent progress in developing small-molecule inhibitors of the MDM2 protein by covering the following approaches that inhibit the function of the p53–MDM2 axis: (1) direct binding to MDM2, (2) direct binding to p53, (3) targeted degradation of MDM2 by the PROTAC approach, and (4) inhibition of MDM2/MDM4 interaction. Given the importance of p53 in cancer development, we hope that research in this area will lead to anticancer drugs in the not too distant future.
Online Single-cell RNA-seq Data Denoising with Transfer Learning

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology brings in unprecedented opportunities to new findings in fields including immunology, neuroscience and cancer research. However, the data is still very noisy and suffers from low capture rates. We develop an open-to-public gateway where users can perform online data denoising to improve the quality of their single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. Our gateway can provide a free, convenient, fast and reliable parallel computation platform to handle more than 50K cells at one time. The gateway is based on SAVER-X, a computational and statistical tool that combines deep autoencoder with Bayesian inference for scRNA-seq denoising, and features transfer learning from relevant public datasets. It allows general users and clinicians to improve their data quality without seeking additional computational resources or statistical training, thus would benefit researchers with a wide range of backgrounds.