cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the curing condition and age effect on thermal conductivity of concrete

Energy piles are used around the world to partially heat/cool buildings or de-ice pavements. Thermal conductivity of concrete is one of the key parameters which highly affects the thermal performance of energy geostructures. Application of higher thermally conductive concrete in energy piles helps to harvest more shallow geothermal energy. Besides, higher thermally conductive concrete results in more uniform temperature distribution and will significantly increase the efficiency of the geothermal bridge deck de-icing. It is expected that the thermal conductivity of the concrete depends on its age and the applied curing conditions. The thermal conductivity of concrete can progress with the progression of hydration. While the hydration process is highly dependent on the curing condition that is applied. In this study, several concrete samples are prepared and cured under different conditions (inside the humidity room, indoor, and outdoor). Then the thermal conductivity of concrete samples at different ages are measured according to ASTM D5470-17. Results show an increase in thermal conductivity of concrete cured in humidity room for the first 30 to 40 days that thermal conductivity were measured In addition comparison of thermal conductivity of the outdoor and indoor samples show the importance of the ambient temperature and relative humidity on the thermal conductivity value.
Balzacian Legality: A Proposal for Natural Law Juridicial Standards of Legality

ion-his quest for the absolute and his awareness that man's transcendence of matter can only be finite. 2. H. DR BAzAc, LA CoMutm HUMAINP (P.-G. Castex ed. 1977). 3. For an appraisal of Balzac's realism, see, e.g., M. BARDFCHE, BALZAC ROMANCIER 91 (1945). See generally 1 & 2 R. Guis, BALZAc (1973). 4. See, e.g., Carbonneau, Balzacian Physics and Metaphysics, 20 RomAcE NOTES
Options - Purchase and Sale

Suggestions for better drafting of attorney fee clauses, based upon a recent California Supreme Court decision.
Portable Medical Orders and End of Life Measures in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

Abstract Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) experience high rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and in-hospital deaths at end of life (EOL). Early goals-of-care (GOC) discussions might reduce intensity of care at EOL. Portable Medical Order (POLST) forms, known as Medical Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) forms in New York State, allow patients to translate GOC discussions into specific medical orders that communicate their wishes during a medical emergency. To determine if timing of MOLST form completion might be associated with EOL care in patients with AML and MDS. We conducted a retrospective study of 358 adult patients with AML and MDS treated at a single academic center and/or its affiliated sites and who died over a five year period. One-third of patients completed at least one MOLST form >30 days prior to death. Compared to patients who completed a MOLST form within 30 days of death or never completed a MOLST form, those who completed a MOLST form >30 days prior to death were less likely to receive transfusion [Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) 0.39, p
Early In Vivo Detection of Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity With Hyperpolarized C-13 Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Purpose/Objective(s) Radiation therapy is commonly used for treatment of patients with intrathoracic malignancies, such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and lymphoma. Radiation-Induced Heart Disease (RIHD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving thoracic radiation. Therefore, there is an acute need for development of non-invasive approaches for detection of RIHD at a stage that offers potential for early intervention and reversibility. Cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of radiation-induced cardiac injury. During aerobic respiration, pyruvate enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is metabolized into bicarbonate in mitochondria. We hypothesized that radiation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction results in decreased conversion of pyruvate to bicarbonate in the mitochondria and increased conversion to lactate in cytosol. We sought to non-invasively assess radiation-induced changes in mitochondrial myocardial metabolism by tracking the fate of hyperpolarized (HP) C-13 pyruvate utilization using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Materials/Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 10) underwent baseline echocardiography and HP C-13 pyruvate MRS. Rats in the cardiac radiation group (n = 5) underwent image-guided cardiac radiation with cone-beam CT, to a total dose of 40 Gy in 5 fractions. All rats underwent repeat echocardiography and hyperpolarized C-13 pyruvate MRS one week later. Results For the first time, we have demonstrated feasibility of employing HP C-13 pyruvate MRS for detecting radiation-induced myocardial mitochondrial metabolic changes in a pre-clinical rat model. In the cardiac radiation group, C-13 pyruvate MRS demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in cardiac bicarbonate-to-lactate ratio compared to pre-radiation baseline (P = 0.02, one-tailed paired t-test), suggesting increased metabolism of pyruvate into lactate in the cytoplasm (at the expense of metabolism into bicarbonate in the mitochondria) due to mitochondrial dysfunction. No significant decrease in this ratio was observed in the non-irradiated, age matched controls (P = 0.90). No significant changes in left ventricular ejection fraction or global longitudinal strain were observed in either the cardiac irradiation or control group of rats at this time point. Conclusion Radiation-induced myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction is an early event and can be detected in vivo by hyperpolarized C-13 pyruvate MRS within 1 week after radiation, and prior to onset of echocardiographic changes. Due to its non-invasive nature, this technology has the potential to serve as a platform for building radiation-focused cardio-oncology programs for early detection and mitigation of radiation-induced cardiac injury in hundreds of thousands of patients receiving thoracic radiation annually.
Cationic liposome-mediated enhanced generation of human HLA-restricted RSV-specific CD8+ CTL+.

Generation of human CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in vitro is inefficient. Lipofectamine, a polycationic liposome, previously shown to enhance the transfection efficiency of DNA in cells, was evaluated for enhancing RSV CTL activity. Stimulator cells were prepared by infecting human PBL with RSV with or without Lipofectamine for 3 hr and then transferred to responder cells. After 8 days of incubation, CTL lysis of autologous target cells infected with RSV (also treated with Lipofectamine) was determined in a 4-hr 51chromium release assay. Lipofectamine treatment significantly enhanced HLA-restricted RSV-specific CD8+ CTL activity (up to sevenfold, P < 0.05–0.001). Lipofectamine treatment also enhanced cell surface RSV antigen expression and increased the frequencies of HLA-A,B,C+/RSV+ and HLA-DR+/RSV+ leukocytes as demonstrated by flow cytometry. These results demonstrate the usefulness of cationic liposomes in augmenting cell surface antigen expression and increasing the efficiency of generation of human RSV-specific CD8+ CTL activity.
Surveillance of severe pediatric undernutrition: conceptual and practical issues.

Les propos du symposium, concernant la surveillance sous alimentation severe en pediatrie, est d'etablir des cas d'etude, definir leur validite, identifier les populations a hauts risque ainsi que les facteurs de risques demographique, sociaux et medicaux specifiques; soulever les problemes pratiques, et envisager les perspectives d'avenir
Evaluation of Long Descriptions of Statistical Graphics for Blind and Low Vision Web Users

The objective of this research was to maximize not only accessibility but also user comprehension of web pages, particularly those containing tabular and graphical information. Based on literature and interviews with blind and low vision students and their teachers, the research team developed guidelines for web developers to describe charts and graphs commonly used in statistical applications. A usability study was then performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these new guidelines. Accessibility and comprehension for both blind and low vision users were increased when web pages were developed following the new guidelines.
Transverse waves in detonations. I - Spacing in the hydrogen-oxygensystem.

Transverse wave spacings have been measured in self-sustaini ng detonations in hydrogenoxygen-dilutent mixtures. These spacings have been compared to theoretical spacings calculated using a realistic reaction model, the correct caloric equation of state, and the BarthelStrehlow acoustic theory. Theoretical spacings are found to lie a factor of 30 to 180 below the experimentally measured spacings, even though there is a rough parallelism between theory and measurements in systems of fixed composition as the initial pressure and temperature are altered. These results indicate that an acoustic mechanism does not control the spacing observed in self-sustaining detonations. They do indicate, however, that a characteristic chemical dimension is related to the spacing even though a mechanism for this interrelationship has not been found at the present time.
Monotone matrix functions of successive orders

This paper extends a result obtained by Wigner and von Neumann. We prove that a non-constant real-valued function, f(x), in C^3(I) where I is an interval of the real line, is a monotone matrix function of order n+1 on I if and only if a related, modified function gx0 (x) is a monotone matrix function of order n for every value of x0 in I, assuming that f' is strictly positive on I.
Erratum to A descriptive analysis of temporal and spatial patterns of variability in Puget Sound oceanographic properties [Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 80 (2008) 545―554]

NOAA’s West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112-2013, United States Climate Impacts Group and School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195-4235, United States Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98105-6698, United States d School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 355351, Seattle, WA 98195-5351, United States
Estrogen status correlates with the calcium content of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in women.

Background: Coronary artery calcium, a radiographic marker for atherosclerosis and a predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD), is less extensive in women than in men of the same age. The role of estrogen in the pathogenesis of coronary artery calcification is unknown. We examined the association of estrogen status with extent of calcification and atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries of deceased women. Methods: Coronary arteries were obtained at autopsy from 56 white women age 18–98 yr, 46 postmenopausal and 10 premenopausal. Exclusion criteria included patients with coronary stents, coronary artery bypass surgery, and medical-legal cases. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, CHD risk factors, menstrual status, and use of estrogen replacement therapy. Contact microradiography of coronary arteries assessed true calcium content and atherosclerotic plaque area was analyzed histologically. Results: The coronary arteries from estrogen-treated postmenopausal women had lower mean coronary calci...
Diophantine Undecidability for Some Function Fields of Infinite Transcendence Degree and Positive Characteristic

Let M be a field of positive characteristic p > 0 such that C, the closure of a finite field in M, has an extension of degree p. Let L be a field finitely generated over C and such that M and L are linearly disjoint over C. Then Hilbert’s tenth problem is not decidable over ML. Bibliography: 41 titles.
Separation of uncompromised whole blood mixtures for single source STR profiling using fluorescently-labeled human leukocyte antigen (HLA) probes and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)

Analysis of biological mixtures is a significant problem for forensic laboratories, particularly when the mixture contains only one cell type. Contributions from multiple individuals to biologic evidence can complicate DNA profile interpretation and often lead to a reduction in the probative value of DNA evidence or worse, its total loss. To address this, we have utilized an analytical technique that exploits the intrinsic immunological variation among individuals to physically separate cells from different sources in a mixture prior to DNA profiling. Specifically, we applied a fluorescently labeled antibody probe to selectively bind to one contributor in a mixture through allele-specific interactions with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins that are expressed on the surfaces of most nucleated cells. Once the contributor's cells were bound to the probe, they were isolated from the mixture using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)-a high throughput technique for separating cell populations based on their optical properties-and then subjected to STR analysis. We tested this approach on two-person and four-person whole blood mixtures where one contributor possessed an HLA allele (A*02) that was not shared by other contributors to the mixture. Results showed that hybridization of the mixture with a fluorescently-labeled antibody probe complimentary to the A*02 allele's protein product created a cell population with a distinct optical profile that could be easily differentiated from other cells in the mixture. After sorting the cells with FACS, genetic analysis showed that the STR profile of this cell population was consistent with that of the contributor who possessed the A*02 allele. Minor peaks from the A*02 negative contributor(s) were observed but could be easily distinguished from the profile generated from A*02 positive cells. Overall, this indicates that HLA antibody probes coupled to FACS may be an effective approach for generating STR profiles of individual contributors from forensic mixtures.
Protection of the kidney by thiazolidinediones: An assessment from bench to bedside

The global epidemic of diabetes mellitus has led to a continuous increase in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy over the past years. Thus, diabetic nephropathy is currently the number one cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world. It represents a major public health problem for which more effective prevention and treatment strategies are needed. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a class of agents that lower blood glucose through reduction of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Growing evidence support the concept that TZDs have several beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system beyond their effects on glycemic control. These benefits include: blood pressure lowering, triglyceride reduction, high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol elevation, and reduction in subclinical vascular inflammation. Moreover, data from several animal and human studies support the notion that TZDs reduce urine albumin excretion and may prevent development of renal injury. The relative lack of evidence, however, demonstrating the effects of TZDs on hard renal outcomes mandates the need for well-designed trials with this particular objective. This paper summarizes all the data from clinical and experimental studies relevant to a possible renoprotective effect of TZDs and discusses actions of these compounds that may contribute toward this effect.
Mono-Substitution of iron pentacarbonyl catalyzed by polynuclear iron carbonyl anions

Abstract The specific formation of LFe(CO)4 (L = PPh3, P(OPh)3, P(OMe)3 can be achieved by the reaction of Fe(CO)5 with L in the presence of a catalytic amount of iron carbonyl anion. A convenient synthetic procedure was developed in which the iron carbonyl anion catalyst is generated in situ. It is shown that the mechanism does not proceed by the simple cleavage of the Fe2(CO)82− or Fe3(CO)112− anions, because triphenylphosphine reacts with these anions in the absence of Fe(CO)5 to produce (PPh3)2Fe(CO)3.
On-chip 3D air-core microinductor for high-frequency applications using deformation of sacrificial polymer

A novel on-chip 3D air core micro-inductor, utilizing deformation of sacrificial thick polymer and conformal photoresist electrodeposition techniques, is reported. The bottom conductors are formed on silicon or glass substrate by metal electroplating through SU-8 polymeric mold. A thick SJR 5740 photoresist is then spun on and patterned to be a supporting mesa. Hard curing of such polymer mesa could significantly deform it into a cross-sectional bell-shape sacrificial core with graded profile in which is used to support top conductors formation. A layer of conformal electrodeposited photoresist (PEPR 2400) is then coated along the core's surface profile, patterned by standard optical lithography and filled up by metal electroplating. Finally, all polymeric molds including significantly deformed sacrificial core and electroplating bases are removed, resulting in an on-chip solenoid-type 3D air core micro-inductor. Since this new inductor has an air core and has only two contact points per turn, the core loss and equivalent series resistance are expected to be small, and hence, to give higher quality factor at high-frequency operation. Currently, high-frequency characterization of this on-chip inductor is under way.
Scientific collaboration in virtual environments: The western consortium watershed analysis, visualization, and exploration (WC-WAVE) project

Virtual environments (VEs) are conducive to collaborative work in many areas of human activity, from education, training, and entertainment, to industrial design, command-and-control, and medical applications. This talk focuses on using VEs for enhancing collaboration in scientific endeavors, in particular in research efforts pertaining to environmental sciences. A brief overview of work done at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) on using VEs to support scientific discovery is presented first. Then, an NSF EPSCoR-funded project that relies substantially on using VEs for collaborative scientific work is introduced. This project, the Western Consortium Watershed Analysis, Visualization, and Exploration (WC-WAVE) [1, 2], developed jointly by scientists, engineers, and educators from Idaho, Nevada, and New Mexico has as its core a VE-based cyber-infrastructure (CI) centerpiece, the Virtual Watershed. Details of the Virtual Watershed's design and current implementation status are also provided, together with an outline of planned future work. The talk concludes with an assessment of the challenges of using VEs in projects such as WC-WAVE and a discussion of possible solutions for addressing them.
Optical signatures of radiation belt electron precipitation induced by ground‐based VLF transmitters

[1] Numerical simulations are presented of optical emissions in the ionosphere due to electron precipitation caused by ground-based VLF transmitters. Ray tracing and precipitation calculations are made to estimate the flux precipitated from the inner magnetosphere for existing ground-based VLF transmitters as well as hypothetical transmitters with controlled parameters. The resulting precipitated fluxes are used to estimate ionization profiles through Monte Carlo simulations, and the ionization profiles are converted to photon volume emission rates. The results are extended over a range of L shells and longitudes. Results show that the NWC transmitter at North West Cape, Australia, creates the strongest optical signature because of its high power, latitude of ~35°, and low frequency. The resulting optical signal has a peak of <0.1 R; however, we calculate that this should be detectable using sensitive photometric instruments and controlled modulation experiments.
Sub-100nm drug particle suspensions prepared via wet milling with low bead contamination through novel process intensification

Abstract There is sustained interest in sub-100 nm particles of poorly water-soluble drugs as such small particles offer improved permeation through various biological barriers and result in rapid onset of therapeutic action. An intensified wet stirred media milling process was developed here for fast production of sub-100 nm drug particles with low bead contamination and reduced energy consumption. Griseofulvin and indomethacin, two model poorly water-soluble drugs, were wet-milled. Yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads with a nominal size ranging from 50 µm to 800 µm were used in the baseline process, which was subsequently intensified with the optimal bead size by increasing rotor tip speed, bead loading, and suspension flow rate stepwise, as guided by a microhydrodynamic model. Laser diffraction, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and XRD were used to characterize the milled suspensions. Results from the baseline process indicated that sub-100 nm griseofulvin particles were only produced when 50 or 100 µm beads were used in the 360 min milling experiments. Interestingly, using 50 µm beads led to the formation of sub-100 nm griseofulvin particles within 240 min with the lowest bead (zirconium) contamination and specific energy consumption. This could be explained though the microhydrodynamic model, revealing that 50 µm beads led to the highest frequency of drug particle compressions yet generated the lowest bead contact pressure. The processing time was further reduced to as low as 64 min producing griseofulvin particle size of 100 nm through step-wise intensification of the milling process with the 50 µm beads, as quantified by a milling intensity factor. Due to the enhancement of the breakage kinetics, the process intensification enabled shorter milling to attain 100 nm particles, thus resulting in significant energy savings and low bead contamination despite an increase in power consumption. The general applicability of the process intensification method was confirmed through milling of indomethacin, which also led to sub-100 nm particles faster with reduced energy consumption and low contamination.
Lysozyme coated DNA and DNA/SWNT fibers by solution spinning.

DNA fibers were prepared by solution spinning of DNA in a lysozyme (LSZ) coagulation/ gelation bath. Strong positive charges carried by LSZ protein condensed the DNA (strong negative charged) molecules resulting in self-assembly and the formation of fibrillar structures in a gel-like network. DNA/LSZ fibril formation was found to be dependent on the ratio of DNA to LSZ. A minimum 0.1 wt.-% of LSZ was necessary to condense 0.1 wt.-% of DNA into micro-fibrils. Macroscopic fiber spinning was possible by introducing a 0.1 wt.-% DNA aqueous solution into a 0.2 wt.-% LSZ coagulation bath which resulted in fibers with ≈20 μm diameter. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were also incorporated into these fibers to explore the possibility for creating hybrid materials. All DNA-based fibers exhibit strong birefringence confirming molecular orientation along the fiber axis. Due to the presence of LSZ, the fibers exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria like Micrococcus lysodeikticus.
Hemodynamic Studies Before and After Instrumental Mitral Commissurotomy A Reappraisal of the Pathophysiology of Mitral Stenosis and the Efficacy of Mitral Valvotomy

Hemodynamic studies including simultaneous right heart, transseptal left heart, and retrograde left heart catheterizations were done on 35 patients before and at least 6 months after instrumental mitral commissurotomy to evaluate the efficacy of this type of surgery and to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of mitral stenosis. Although surgery produced a significant increase in calculated mitral valve area, the degree of improvement varied markedly. The younger patients had the greater increase in mitral valve area. The change in cardiac index and pulmonary vascular resistance correlated well with the change in mitral valve area. Only those patients whose mitral valve area increased over 1.0 cm2 had a significant increase in cardiac index and a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance. The data indicate that the reduced cardiac index and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with mitral stenosis are related to the mitral valve obstruction and are at least in part reversible and tha...
Molybdenum hazard in land disposal of sewage sludge

The application of sewage sludge to agricultural fields may result in the production of Mo-rich herbage, a cause of metabolic disorders in animals. An alternative to application of sludge to agricultural fields is sludge utilization in strip-mine reclamation. Oxidation of strip-mine spoil material causes accumulation of Mo-rich iron oxyhydroxide in stream beds and spoil piles. Strip-mine reclamation by sludge application may induce short-term increases in the concentration of Mo and other metals in waters discharged from the reclaimed area because of pH dependent ion-exchange reactions and dissolution of Mo-bearing iron oxyhydroxides.
Myofibroblastic Tumors in Children.

Pediatric myofibroblastic tumors comprise a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous group of neoplasms, including benign tumors, those of intermediate biologic potential, and frankly malignant examples (Box 1). Proper classification is critical for appropriate prognostication, clinical management, and, in some cases, identification of familial syndromes. Unlike for many other soft tissue tumors, immunohistochemistry plays a limited role in the diagnosis of pediatric myofibroblastic tumors, with notable exceptions. Understanding the molecular genetics underlying the pathogenesis of several tumor types in this group has led to improved tools for diagnosis. This article discusses the clinical and pathologic features of myofibroblastic tumors in children, with special emphasis on differential diagnosis.
Abdominal aortic rupture from an impaling osteophyte following blunt trauma

Blunt injury of the abdominal aorta is highly fatal. We present an unusual case of an osteophyte impaling the abdominal aorta treated by endovascular repair. A 77-year-old man sustained a thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation with posterior aortic rupture between his celiac and superior mesenteric artery origins. His aortic injury was treated with a stent graft, excluding the celiac origin. He was dismissed on postoperative day 6. At 6 months, he had returned to most preinjury activities, and at 2-year follow-up, he continues to have good functional outcome. Endovascular repair may be successfully employed in select aortic injuries in hemodynamically stable patients.
A carbon monoxide irreducible form of cytochrome c oxidase and other unusual properties of the “monomeric” shark enzyme

Contrary to previous reports, the functional and spectral properties of "monomeric" shark cytochrome c oxidases are not entirely similar to those of the "dimeric" beef enzyme. Most significantly, unlike the behavior of beef oxidase, the fully oxidized shark enzyme is not reducible by carbon monoxide. Also, preparations of the shark enzyme, isolated at pH 7.8-8.0, lead to more than 60% of the sample always being obtained in a resting form, whereas similarly prepared beef oxidase is very often obtained, both by ourselves and others, exclusively in the pulsed form. Although the electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of cytochrome c oxidase obtained from several shark species are similar to those of the beef enzyme, there are some significant differences. In particular, the Soret maximum is at 422 nm in the case of the fully oxidized resting shark oxidases at physiological pH and not 418 nm as commonly found for the beef enzyme. Moreover, the resting shark oxidases do not necessarily exhibit a "g = 12" signal in their EPR spectra. The turnover numbers of recent preparations of the shark enzyme are higher than previously reported and, interestingly, do not differ within experimental uncertainty from those documented for several beef isoenzymes assayed under comparable conditions.
Erratum to: The Method of Generalized Ordered Probit with Selectivity: Application to Marital Happiness

In the ‘‘Generalized Ordered Probit Model with Selectivity’’ subsection of the ‘‘Mathematical Development’’ section, multiple lines of text are missing. For clarity, all four cases are shown below in their entirety. Case 1: PrðM 1⁄4 1 and S 1⁄4 1Þ 1⁄4 Prðu[ Zc and e Xb1Þ 1⁄4 U1ð Xb1Þ U2ð Zc; Xb1; qÞ Case 2: PrðM 1⁄4 1 and S 1⁄4 2Þ 1⁄4 Prðu[ Zc and Xb1 e Xb2Þ 1⁄4 U1ð Xb2Þ U1ð Xb1Þ 1⁄2 U2ð Zc; Xb2; qÞ U2ð Zc; Xb1; qÞ 1⁄2 Case 3: PrðM 1⁄4 1 and S 1⁄4 3Þ 1⁄4 Prðu[ Zc and e Xb2Þ 1⁄4 1 U1ð ZcÞ U1ð Xb2Þ þ U2ð Zc; Xb2; qÞ Case 4: PrðM 1⁄4 0Þ 1⁄4 Prðu ZcÞ 1⁄4 U1ð ZcÞ
A revised program for operational discipline

The purpose of this paper is to review the development and implementation of a next generation approach to improving operational discipline (OD) programs at DuPont, in order to help sustain high levels of process safety management performance. DuPont defines OD as a deeply rooted dedication and commitment by each member of the organization to carry out each task, the right way, each time. Eleven organizational characteristics have been used to help evaluate and drive continuous improvement of OD, which have now been simplified to four primary characteristics. Ultimately, though, it is individuals who do the day-to-day work required by PSM systems, and it is these actions that help determine if the organization is able to operate with high levels of OD. With this in mind, DuPont's program has been revised to include a new emphasis on individual characteristics of OD, based on knowledge, commitment, and awareness. Discussion will include why OD is important, how OD can be characterized for both organizations and individuals, and how the revised program has been implemented. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007
Hall effect, magnetoresistance, and critical fields of UBe13 thin films

We report the first Hall effect measurements on polycrystalline thin films of the heavy fermion superconductor UBe13. Measurements have been extended to temperatures well below previous studies on single crystals. We find no sign change of the Hall coefficient when cooling through Tc in contrast to the earlier study. We also observe a “shorting” of the Hall voltage below Tc. As the field is swept up, a p-type Hall signal is observed above a threshold magnetic-field which we define as Hc2. The slope of the phase boundary defined by these values agrees well with that as defined by resistivity measurements. Below T = 0.2 K, the magnetoresistance and Hall signal have very little temperature or field dependence above Hc2. The resistivity as a function of field may be fit using a spin-12 Coqblin-Schreiffer model.
Production of recombinant proteins from protozoan parasites

Although the past decade has witnessed sequencing from an increasing number of parasites, modern high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have the potential to generate complete genome sequences at even higher rates. Along with the discovery of genes that might constitute potential targets for chemotherapy or vaccination, the need for novel protein expression platforms has become a pressing matter. In addition to reviewing the advantages and limitations of the currently available and emerging expression systems, we discuss novel approaches that could overcome current limitations, including the 'pseudoparasite' concept, an expression platform in which the choice of the surrogate organism is based on its phylogenetic affinity to the target parasite, while taking advantage of the whole engineered organism as a vaccination adjuvant.
Adaptive behavior from random response

Darwin has shown how the seemingly purposeful process of evolution could be explained by the piling up of random variations properly selected. Applied to learning this principle bridges the gap between the ideas based on mechanical principles of behavior and those based on “intelligence” or “purposefulness,” much the same way as this gap is being bridged in servo-technology. It is suggested that all existing learning theories contain explicit or implicit assumptions about some selective principle operating on initially random responses, assumptions which Ashby has carefully spelled out and utilized in the construction of his Homeostat.
Synthesis gas reactions over catalysts formed by oxidation of thorium-containing intermetallic compounds

Abstract The intermetallic compounds (ThNi, ThNi 2 , ThNi 5 , and Th 7 Ni 3 ) react readily with oxygen to form an intimate mixture of Ni and ThO 2 . These mixtures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and CO and H 2 chemisorption measurements. The CO chemisorption increased markedly during the oxidation process. Increases by up to 500-fold compared to the original compound were observed. The NiThO 2 mixtures showed high activity for catalyzing the production of CH 4 from synthesis gas. Hence, the oxidation process can be considered to be a new way of producing oxide-supported Ni catalysts. Turnover numbers for the new catalysts at 205 °C were found to be much larger than those of conventional oxide-supported catalysts.
Synthesis and evaluation of mefway analogs as ligands for serotonin 5HT1A receptors

18F-Mefway (N-{2-[4-(2′-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl]ethyl}-N-(2-pyridyl)-N-(4′-18F-fluoro-methylcyclohexane)carboxamide) was developed and evaluated for use as a PET ligand for imaging 5-HT1A receptors. Ongoing studies of 18F-Mefway have shown it to be an effective PET radiotracer. We have synthesized isomers of Mefway by changing the position of the methyl group in attempts to evaluate stability for imaging purposes. 2-Methyl-, 3-methyl-, and 4-methyl-cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acids and 3-carbomethoxy-, 4-carbomethoxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acids were coupled with WAY-100634 to provide the methylcyclohexyl derivatives (2-, 3-, and 4-methyl). Mefway and 3-Mefway analogs were prepared by reduction of carbomethoxy- derivatives followed by fluorination. In vitro binding affinities for the methylated derivatives in rat brain homogenates were found to be 10.4 nM (2-methyl), 77 nM (3-methyl), and 21.5 nM (4-methyl). Binding affinity of 3-Mefway and 4-Mefway was found to be 17.4 nM and 6.26 nM, respectively. Our results suggest that 3-methyl/3-fluoromethyl substituent has approx. threefold lower affinities compared to the 4-methyl/4-fluoromethyl substituent.
Impact force identification using the general inverse technique

Abstract The general inverse technique has been applied to the problem of impact force identification. The force identification problem can be stated as follows: ‘Given the response of a structure, what impact force is required to produce this response?’ Experimental measurement data was used to describe the velocity response of an impacted cantilever beam. The inverse technique used these measurements to predict the impact force which resulted in the beam response. A spectrum analyzer was used to measure the beam accelerations within 40 μs time intervals. The accelerations were integrated so that the response was in suitable velocity form for use in the inverse algorithm. The analyzer and impact hammer also allowed the measurement of the actual dynamic load, and thus provided a means of comparison against the predicted impact force given by the inverse technique.
Elevated divalent cation concentration decreases potassium-induced depolarization of bullfrog primary afferent fibers.

Abstract Depolarizations of bullfrog primary afferent fibers caused by increasing the K + concentration in the Ringer were extracellularly recorded from isolated, desheathed dorsal roots. In concentrations commonly used to block synaptic transmission, Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , and Mg 2+ decreased the amplitude and rate of rise of K + -induced depolarization. Ca 2+ had a similar action. The apparent order of effectiveness wasMn 2+ ≈Co 2+ >Ca 2+ >Mg 2+ .
Analysis of broken plane trajectories for the Pioneer-F mission

Pioneer-F Jupiter flyby mission planning, considering use of optimum broken plane trajectories to increase launch opportunity and/or payload capability
Incentive processes and the peak shift.

Intradimensional operant discrimination schedules were employed, which eliminated the covariation of response and reinforcement rates that are found on most operant baselines. In Phase 1, one keylight (S1) controlled an increase in pigeons' treadle pressing, relative to another keylight (S2), while being correlated with a decrease in frequency of reinforcement. In Phase 2 both treadle pressing and reinforcement increased in the presence of one keylight, relative to the second. In Phase 1 the relatively flat treadle-press generalization gradients peaked at S1, whereas the peaks of those in Phase 2 were shifted from S1 in a direction away from S2. It was postulated that these positive and negative stimulus-reinforcement contingencies influence the likelihood of obtaining peak shift through the operation of a classically conditioned “central motive state.” How response-reinforcement and stimulus-reinforcement contingencies might contribute to the development of inhibitory effects of S2 is discussed. Autoshaped key pecking also was produced by these procedures. During manipulations of stimuli, the gradients obtained for autoshaped key pecking were narrow and sharply peaked at the food-correlated stimulus (S2) in Phase 1. This failure to obtain peak shift for an elicited response suggests a difference in discriminative processes operating in classical and instrumental learning.
Pulmonary calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity: nerve-endocrine cell interrelationships.

Respiratory epithelium has been reported to be supplied with sensory nerves and to contain irritant and other receptors. In this immunohistochemical study, we examined the incidence, morphology, and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity in epithelial cells of the rat respiratory tract, using peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) techniques. CGRP immunoreactivity was localized in capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibers and in capsaicin-nonsensitive endocrine cells occurring singly or in groups. These CGRP-immunoreactive structures reached close to or actually touched the airway lumen, were widely and abundantly present in the respiratory epithelium, and were arranged in distinct and characteristic patterns. CGRP-immunoreactive nerves innervated not only grouped cells but also single cells, and the innervation of these cells differed depending on whether they were in extrapulmonary or intrapulmonary epithelium. The specificity of the immunoreactivity was confirmed by absorption tests t...
SU‐E‐I‐19: Local Search Clustering Algorithm for DCE‐MRI Analysis

Purpose: To develop a local search clustering algorithm for analyzing the dynamic contrasted enhanced (DCE)‐MRI data for determining the vascular permeability. The clustered signal will have better contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and thus can improve the analysis.Methods: In DCE‐MRI, data often suffer from low CNR. The CNR is particularly poor in central nervous system and could lead to spurious results. We propose a local search clustering algorithm that groups proximal voxels with similar uptake curves and T1 values. The algorithm starts with a seed voxel, and then grows outward to recruit new voxels into a cluster. Once a cluster is formed, all members of the current cluster form a ‘seed collection’ and the seed point of the cluster becomes the seed collection. The expansions and updates continue with the seed point/collection until the stopping criterion is met. To investigate the effectiveness of our clustering algorithm, we used a 64×64 2D Shepp‐Logan phantom. Variations on the T1 values and permeability parameters were applied on different regions in the phantom. The time resolution was set to 30sec and 82 post‐contrast data were created. After the DCE‐MRI data were generated, Gaussian noise was applied to the images to investigate the effect of noise on the clustering algorithm. DCE analysis was performed on the clustered data and the results were compared against the Result obtained from voxel‐by‐voxel analysis.Results: The addition of noise degraded the results of DCE estimation. The clustering algorithm on average reduced the errors of the permeability parameters by more than 50% compared to the voxel‐by‐voxel analysis.Conclusions: We developed a local search clustering algorithm to segment the concentration time curves of the DCE‐MRI data. The proposed clustering algorithm enhances the apparent CNR within the clustered data and reduces the errors of the permeability parameters.
Perceptions of Gender Subtypes: Sensitivity to Recent Exemplar Activation and In-Group/Out-Group Differences

People’s perceptions of gender subtypes were explored by investigating the extent to which these perceptions are context sensitive. Traditional views regard stereotypes as stable structures that are retrieved from memory intact, whereas more recent views contend that stereotypes are constructed at the time that they are evoked and are thus relatively flexible. Context sensitivity was demonstrated by having participants list characteristics of subtypes after being exposed to one of two dissimilar exemplars of the subtypes. As predicted, descriptions of subtypes were found to differ between exemplar conditions. The authors also hypothesized that exemplars would have a stronger effect for participants describing in-group (same-gender) subtypes than for participants describing out-group subtypes, and this hypothesis was confirmed. The role of exemplar information in judgments about in-groups and out-groups is discussed.
Explaining racial disparities in anticoagulation control: results from a study of patients at the Veterans Administration

Higher rates of stroke, major hemorrhage, and death among black patients receiving warfarin, compared with white patients, is likely related to poorer anticoagulation control. The research team investigated patient-level and site-level factors that might account for this group difference. A summary measure of anticoagulation control (percent time in therapeutic range [TTR]), patient characteristics, and site-level process of care measures were obtained for 9572 black and 88 481 white patients at the Veterans Health Administration. The research team studied disparity in TTR adjusting for patient and site characteristics. Mean unadjusted TTR for black patients was 6.5% lower than for white patients (P<.001). After accounting for the younger age of blacks, greater degrees of medication use, hospitalization, poverty, living in the South, and 11 other patient characteristics, only 2.0% of this racial disparity persisted. Process of care measures had minimal additional effect. These findings may inform efforts to reduce this racial disparity in achieving good anticoagulation control.
The glutamate dehydrogenase structural gene of Escherichin coli

The glutamate dehydrogenase structural gene, gdhA, was mapped at 38.6 min on the genetic map and at 1860 kb on the physical map. A detailed map of this region is presented.
A Distributed Reactivity Model for Sorption by Soils and Sediments. 14. Characterization and Modeling of Phenanthrene Desorption Rates

Rates and extents of phenanthrene desorption were studied for more than 250 days as functions of sorbent type, initial loading level, and aging. Apparent first-order desorption rate constants for the slowly desorbing fraction were found to (i) range from 0.00086 to 0.148 days-1 for geosorbents that contain geologically mature kerogen and less rigid humic-type soil organic matter, respectively, (ii) decrease by as much as an order of magnitude with decreasing initial sorbed solid-phase phenanthrene concentration, (iii) decrease by a factor of 2 with increasing aging time for a humic topsoil but remain unaffected by aging time beyond 3 months for a shale, and (iv) be 1−2 orders of magnitude lower than rate constants for the rapidly desorbing phenanthrene fractions for any given contaminated sample. Six models were used to fit the desorption rate data. Biphasic diffusion and biphasic first-order models with three fitting parameters possess broad utility and are potentially useful in a variety of environmenta...
Identification of a new antidepressant and its glucuronide metabolite in water samples using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

This paper reports the first detections of an antidepressant, lamotrigine, and its major metabolite (2-N-glucuronide), in environmental water samples using a new chlorine mass-filter technique with accurate mass and high resolution. A quantitative method is described using solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF-MS) for the simultaneous analysis of both compounds in aqueous samples, including drinking water, groundwater, surface water, and wastewater collected from sewage treatment plants. The recoveries of the analytes ranged from 75 to 99%, depending on the type of water extracted. The method detection limits were 1 and 5 ng/L for lamotrigine and its metabolite, respectively. The method was validated with more than a hundred aqueous samples analyzed and lamotrigine and its 2-N-glucuronide metabolite were mostly detected in both wastewater and surface water impacted sites at mean concentrations of 488 and 209 ng/L, respectively....
Sarcoma in Paget disease of bone: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features in 22 cases.

The clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of 22 cases of Paget sarcoma were reviewed to determine in which patients with Paget disease these tumors are most likely to develop and what radiologic findings suggest the diagnosis. Clinical findings at presentation included pain and/or a mass (11 patients), pathologic fracture (seven), and neurologic symptoms (four). Survival time in 20 patients ranged from 5 days to 2.5 years. Two patients were lost to follow-up: one at 2 years and one at 8 years. There were 16 high-grade osteosarcomas, three chondrosarcomas, two fibrosarcomas, and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The most common site was the femur. Tumors also were observed in unusual sites. In one case of multifocal osteosarcoma, the tumor involved only pagetic bone. In 15 patients, Paget disease was polyostotic, clinically significant, and had been documented previously. In four patients, a sarcoma developed near the site of a fracture that had occurred between 2 months and 15 years previously. ...
Missense Mutations in Disease Genes: A Bayesian Approach to Evaluate Causality

The problem of interpreting missense mutations of disease-causing genes is an increasingly important one. Because these point mutations result in alteration of only a single amino acid of the protein product, it is often unclear whether this change alone is sufficient to cause disease. We propose a Bayesian approach that utilizes genetic information on affected relatives in families ascertained through known missense-mutation carriers. This method is useful in evaluating known disease genes for common disease phenotypes, such as breast cancer or colorectal cancer. The posterior probability that a missense mutation is disease causing is conditioned on the relationship of the relatives to the proband, the population frequency of the mutation, and the phenocopy rate of the disease. The approach is demonstrated in two cancer data sets: BRCA1 R841W and APC I1307K. In both examples, this method helps establish that these mutations are likely to be disease causing, with Bayes factors in favor of causality of 5.09 and 66.97, respectively, and posterior probabilities of .836 and .985. We also develop a simple approximation for rare alleles and consider the case of unknown penetrance and allele frequency.