cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organizations and the Democratic Representation of Interests: What Does It Mean When Those Organizations Have No Members?

This article documents the prevalence in organized interest politics in the United States of organizations—for example, corporations, think tanks, universities, or hospitals—that have no members in the ordinary sense and analyzes the consequences of that dominance for the democratic representation of citizen interests. We use data from the Washington Representatives Study, a longitudinal data base containing more than 33,000 organizations active in national politics in 1981, 1991, 2001, 2006, and 2011. The share of membership associations active in Washington has eroded over time until, in 2011, barely a quarter of the more than 14,000 organizations active in Washington in 2011 were membership associations, and less than half of those were membership association with individuals as members. In contrast, a majority of the politically involved organizations were memberless organizations, of which nearly two-thirds were corporations. The dominance of memberless organizations in pressure politics raises important questions about democratic representation. Studies of political representation by interest groups raise several concerns about democratic inequalities: the extent to which representation of interests by groups is unequal, the extent to which groups fail to represent their members equally, and the extent to which group members are unable to control their leaders. All of the dilemmas that arise when membership associations advocate in politics become even more intractable when organizations do not have members.
Die Spirochaeta myelophthora

(Abb. 10.) Zur Schilderung der Gestalt der Myelophthora-Spirochaten stehen die Beschreibungen von 6 verschiedenen Autoren zur Verfugung. Auser mir haben Simons, sowie Ahrens-Muschner im direkten Farbeverfahren, Ichelson, Myerson u. Mitarb., Newman u. Mitarb. Beschreibungen von kulturell gewonnenen Spirochaten gegeben. Ich bringe die Schilderung der Gestalt in tabellarischer Form (Tabelle 1, s. S. 38).
Visual Case Retrieval for Interpreting Skill Demonstrations

Imitation is a well known method for learning. Case-based reasoning is an important paradigm for imitation learning; thus, case retrieval is a necessary step in case-based interpretation of skill demonstrations. In the context of a case-based robot that learns by imitation, each case may represent a demonstration of a skill that a robot has previously observed. Before it may reuse a familiar, source skill demonstration to address a new, target problem, the robot must first retrieve from its case memory the most relevant source skill demonstration. We describe three techniques for visual case retrieval in this context: feature matching, feature transformation matching, and feature transformation matching using fractal representations. We found that each method enables visual case retrieval under a different set of conditions pertaining to the nature of the skill demonstration.
Application of Targeted Automatic Differentiation to Large-Scale Dynamic Optimization

A targeted AD approach is presented to calculate directional second order derivatives of ODE/DAE embedded functionals accurately and efficiently. This advance enables us to tackle the solution of large scale dynamic optimization problems using a truncated-Newton method where the Newton equation is solved approximately to update the direction for the next optimization step. The proposed directional second order adjoint method (dSOA) provides accurate Hessian-vector products for this algorithm. The implementation of the “dSOA powered” truncatedNewton method for the solution of large scale dynamic optimization problems is showcased with an example.
Preclinical studies of sex differences: a clinical perspective

The new policy from the National Institutes of Health to encourage grant applicants to consider studying both females and males in preclinical biological experiments has been met with support and opposition. Here, we will discuss implications of preclinical studies of sex differences on clinical research.
Metaphor and Content: An Embodied Paradigm for Learning

concepts as time and causation. Some common image-schemas that “ structure systems of spatial relations in the world’s languages” (Lakoff & Johnson, 1999, p. 35) are: adjacency, balance, center-periphery, contact, containers, cycle, end of path, force, forced motion (pushing, pulling, propelling, pulling), front-back, iteration, link, near-far, part-whole, path, reflexive, source-path-goal, support, straight-curve, up-down (Lakoff, 1987, pp. 270-271; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999, p. 35). Some (e.g., containers) derive from structures in everyday experiences, and some (e.g., front-back, horizontal, vertical) result from common orientations and relations. According to Lakoff’s invariance principle, “metaphorical mappings preserve the cognitive topology (that is, image-schema structure) of the source domain, in a way consistent with the inherent structure of the target domain” (Lakoff, 1993, p. 215). Therefore, schemas from the source are mapped on to the target, and many have their root in image-schemas. Lakoff suggests that schemas exist for other modalities of experience such as sound and force. Because the schema research is centered in image-schemas, this discussion will center there. Image-schemas are abstractions. Like primary metaphors, they are grounded by associations between visual, kinesthetic, and cultural experiences, along with general knowledge and language. Image-schemas refer to concrete, general systems of entities and their relations that correspond to our everyday sensorimotor experiences. Derived from our experience, they, in
Understanding building operation from semantic context

Understanding the operation of a building is key for improving it and reducing energy waste. However, today this is a mostly manual task for which domain experts use visual tools to analyze the large amounts of building data. We show how to automate this task by means of pattern extraction techniques. These allow human operators to simply consider well defined data patterns rather than vast amounts of data. Here the manual effort consists in identifying the context in which the patterns occur. In this paper we go one step further and show how we can automatically derive also the context in which building operation patterns occur by considering the influencing factor that govern building operation. We have evaluated our approach for two pattern extraction methods: matrix factorization and clustering. Our experimental results using real world data demonstrate the applicability of our work.
Glomerular pathology and the progression of chronic kidney disease

Structural studies of the glomerulus, largely undertaken in animal models, have informed our understanding of the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) for decades. A fundamental tenet of that understanding is that a loss of podocytes underlies progression in many or most cases of progressive CKD. Recent attempts have been made to reconcile earlier findings from glomerular physiology (the primacy of glomerular capillary hypertension in causation of secondary glomerular sclerosis) with structural findings and have suggested a more detailed model of the mechanisms underlying podocyte detachment as viable cells. A new appreciation of the main locus of mechanical challenges to the podocyte (in the filtration slit) may both explain the renoprotective action of some current therapies and help to suggest novel therapeutic strategies.
Improved beer bottles recognition technology

Beer bottles recognition is an important step in whole beers intelligent system.This paper presented a recognition system based on wavelet moment and Support Vector Machine(SVM).The experimental results show that the method has a good recognition rate and less loss-time,which satisfies the industrial need.
Modelling of batch kinetics of aerobic carotenoid production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Carotenes such as β-carotene have a positive impact in human health as a precursor of vitamin A. The structural complexity of these compounds makes chemical synthesis a difficult option, facilitating the need for their biological production. Reliable mathematical models for batch cultivation are developed to describe the glucose consumption, product formation and depletion, and β-carotene production of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain mutant SM14 with 20 g/L glucose as the carbon source. Parameter estimation for the models employ an objective function minimizing an expression that uses the coefficient of determination R 2 , which avoids the necessity of weighting or normalizing the equations. Comparison with experimental data shows that the developed models show a satisfactory prediction of the overflow metabolism that is happening in the cell. Additionally, local and global sensitivity analysis of the models with respect to the optimal parameters is also studied and further show that the models developed here accurately describe trends in the dynamic states of the bioreactor during batch fermentation.
Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of new highly processable, hole-transporting fluorocyclic aryl amine polymers

Superior hole-transporting mobility and excellent photoconductive properties of aryl amine-containing polymers place them among the most studied materials for optoelectronic applications. Solution processability, however, is a significant limitation to highly arylated polymers particularly for multi-layer organic light emitting devices prepared via spin coating. In this work, the preparation of perfluorocyclopentene aryl ether amine polymers demonstrated improved solubility, but has showed increased thermal stability. Octafluorocyclopentene was used as a coupling agent to prepare a new class of aryl ether amine-containing monomers ultimately yielding high molecular weight, optically transparent step-growth polymers. Herein, this work will present strategic routes for monomer/polymer synthesis, characterization, and viability as a new class of processable coatings or bulk components for the broad area of organic electronics applications.
Smelling Time: A Neural Basis for Olfactory Scene Analysis

Behavioral evidence from phylogenetically diverse animals and from humans suggests that, by extracting temporal information inherent in the olfactory signal, olfaction is more involved in interpreting space and time than heretofore imagined. If this is the case, the olfactory system must have neural mechanisms capable of encoding time at intervals relevant to the turbulent odor world in which many animals live. Here, we review evidence that animals can use populations of rhythmically active or 'bursting' olfactory receptor neurons (bORNs) to extract and encode temporal information inherent in natural olfactory signals. We postulate that bORNs represent an unsuspected neural mechanism through which time can be accurately measured, and that 'smelling time' completes the requirements for true olfactory scene analysis.
Challenges in the 80's for Microelectronics

Further advances in microelectronics will require a shift from process technology to design technology, and from hardware to software. Political, societal, and environmental constraints may present a larger challenge in the next decade than the development of the technology.
Genome-Wide Scanning of Epigenomic Alterations in Childhood Leukemia

Abstract To study how epigenetic changes contribute to childhood leukemia, and to identify new disease biomarkers, we combined an approach of pharmacologic inhibition of epigenetic modifications of chromatin with gene expression arrays (Affymetrix Exon 1.0; and miRNA array, UCSF-designed) to reveal precise epigenetic aberrations on a global scale in defined subsets of leukemia cell lines that recapitulate common genetic subtypes of leukemia. From these analyses, we identified >200 genes up-regulated by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A treatment (including genes encoding both mRNA and miRNA). We validated 50 selected genes using real-time quantitative PCR. We also tested promoter regions for methylation in the cell lines and selected pediatric leukemia bone marrows using bisulfite-DNA sequencing. A panel of leukemia-specific methylation targets was discovered, which includes some well-known genes (such as HOXA5 and DAPK) and several novel candidates in childhood leukemia (eg., CD82 and KLF4). To extend these observations, we performed methylation microarrays on DNA samples isolated from the studied cell lines as well as bone marrows of 35 childhood leukemia patients with defined cytogenetics, using Illumina Methylation Cancer Panel I. This panel includes a total of 1,505 CpG loci from 807 genes. We also assayed corresponding archived newborn bloods (Guthrie cards) from 32 cases, and 19 control Guthrie cards of children matched to the cases based on gender and age, to guage the impact of congenital methylation events on childhood leukemia. Many targets genes, including known tumor suppressor genes and genes involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control and differentiation were found to be methylated in leukemia cell lines and the leukemic bone marrow samples, but not in Guthrie card controls. In addition, the methylation status of a core group of 67 CpG sites can differentiate the common subtypes of childhood leukemia – those with TEL-AML1, E2A-PBX1, high hyperdiploidy, and normal karyotypes. Several genes concordantly methylated in Guthrie cards and leukemic bone marrow may represent prenatal epimutations. With the integration of such assays, we have constructed a panel of potential candidate genes and miRNAs involved in development of childhood leukemia which have aberrant promoter methylation. Our studies lay a foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the full extent of epigenetic changes in development of childhood leukemia and how they may be exploited for therapeutic purposes as well as for early detection of this disease.
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “A Framework for Unrestricted Prenatal Whole-Genome Sequencing: Respecting and Enhancing the Autonomy of Prospective Parents”

We are gratified that our target article (Chen and Wasserman 2017) generated so much commentary from thoughtful scholars. We take this opportunity to clarify our framework, address some misundersta...
Winds and tigers: metaphor choice in China’s anti-corruption discourse

This article examines metaphor choice in China’s official anti-corruption discourse. Drawing on corpus data, we analyze the metaphors used by the Chinese Communist Party and its flagship newspaper, the People’s Daily, to frame the anti-corruption campaign and influence public perception. It is found that both embodied experience and cultural models are recruited as the metaphoric vehicles or source domains for the strategic profiling of different aspects of corruption and anti-corruption actions as the target domain. Additionally, metaphor choice is systematically different in the Chinese and the English versions of the party newspaper, reflecting that metaphor use is sensitive to sociocultural context, especially to the knowledge base within an epistemic community.
The Cultural Elements of Academic Honesty

We examined the impact of a workshop on Asian international graduate students’ understanding of a U. S. American university’s concept of academic honesty. The workshop, taught from a cultural perspective, explained the U.S. American university’s expectations to 19 participants. Data was obtained from a workshop post-test and from subsequent interviews of three workshop participants who relayed their views of textual practices in their home countries. Sixty-seven graduate students from the general graduate student population completed the workshop post-test without benefit of the workshop. Trends in the data supported the workshop’s effectiveness and pointed to the importance of helping international students understand their host university’s expectations.
How multi-lane, one-way street design shapes neighbourhood life: collisions, crime and community

ABSTRACTGlobal recognition of the need for more liveable and “complete” streets has allowed for increased funding to bicycle and pedestrian projects. That said, many streets in urban neighbourhoods remain unsafe. This study hypothesises that some of these issues related to safety issues are tied to multi-lane, one-way streets, which exist primarily in urban business districts and historic neighbourhoods, often occupied by poor and minority residents. There has been little research in this area to test how one-way street configurations relate to collisions, crime and community. To examine this, we use three principal strategies: (1) a cross-sectional citywide evaluation using descriptive and inferential statistics on all collisions occurring within a five-year period in a mid-sized city; (2) a focused assessment of traffic collision data, crime data, counts of trees, housing valuation data, foreclosure and vacant and abandoned structures on a 13-block street segment with both one- and two-way streets and (...
Randomized Comparison of 3 High-Level Disinfection and Sterilization Procedures for Duodenoscopes

Background and Aims Duodenoscopes have been implicated in the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). We compared the frequency of duodenoscope contamination with MDRO or any other bacteria after disinfection or sterilization by 3 different methods. Methods We performed a single-center prospective randomized study in which duodenoscopes were randomly reprocessed by standard high-level disinfection (sHLD), double high-level disinfection (dHLD), or standard high-level disinfection followed by ethylene oxide gas sterilization (HLD/ETO). Samples were collected from the elevator mechanism and working channel of each duodenoscope and cultured before use. The primary outcome was the proportion of duodenoscopes with an elevator mechanism or working channel culture showing 1 or more MDRO; secondary outcomes included the frequency of duodenoscope contamination with more than 0 and 10 or more colony-forming units (CFU) of aerobic bacterial growth on either sampling location. Results After 3 months of enrollment, the study was closed because of the futility; we did not observe sufficient events to evaluate the primary outcome. Among 541 duodenoscope culture events, 516 were included in the final analysis. No duodenoscope culture in any group was positive for MDRO. Bacterial growth of more than 0 CFU was noted in 16.1% duodenoscopes in the sHLD group, 16.0% in the dHLD group, and 22.5% in the HLD/ETO group ( P = .21). Bacterial growth or 10 or more CFU was noted in 2.3% of duodenoscopes in the sHLD group, 4.1% in the dHLD group, and 4.2% in the HLD/ETO group ( P = .36). MRDOs were cultured from 3.2% of pre-procedure rectal swabs and 2.5% of duodenal aspirates. Conclusions In a comparison of duodenoscopes reprocessed by sHLD, dHLD, or HLD/ETO, we found no significant differences between groups for MDRO or bacteria contamination. Enhanced disinfection methods (dHLD or HLD/ETO) did not provide additional protection against contamination. However, insufficient events occurred to assess our primary study end-point. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT02611648.
Glycopeptides, Lipopeptides, and Lipoglycopeptides

Due to increasing resistance in Gram-positive organisms, use of glycopeptides, lipopeptides, and lipoglycopeptides will steadily increase. These three classes of drugs are primarily renally eliminated; therefore, CYP 450 interactions are not of concern. Daptomycin, the only agent in the class of lipopeptides, should be closely monitored with other drugs that are likely to cause muscle damage, especially HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, due to adverse events related to increases in creatinine phosphokinase levels, a marker of muscle injury. The newest class, ­lipoglycopeptides, includes three agents: telavancin, oritavancin, and dalbavancin. Telavancin, the only agent of this class approved in the United States, is known to affect the QTc interval and should be used cautiously with other agents known to have similar effects. Drug interactions with the glycopeptide, vancomycin, are likely to involve other renally eliminated drugs; renal function should be closely monitored when vancomycin, daptomycin, or telavancin is prescribed concurrently with other nephrotoxic agents. As use of these lipoglycopeptides increases, more information regarding possible drug interactions will be available to clinicians.
Doppler-DPCA and Doppler-ATI: Novel SAR Modalities for Imaging of Moving Targets Using Ultra-Narrowband Waveforms

This paper introduces two novel imaging modalities: Doppler displaced phase center antenna (Doppler-DPCA) and Doppler along track interferometry (Doppler-ATI). The DPCA and ATI techniques have the distinct advantage of removing the response from stationary targets (clutter). We develop DPCA and ATI techniques in Doppler synthetic aperture radar (Doppler-SAR) paradigm to image moving targets embedded in clutter. Doppler-SAR uses ultra-narrowband continuous waveforms (UNCW) to reconstruct high-resolution SAR images. We consider a two-channel bistatic configuration with a stationary antenna transmitting UNCW and two receiving antennas moving along an arbitrary trajectory in tandem. We introduced the theory for Doppler-DPCA and Doppler-ATI. We derive an interferometric phase model and develop equations of velocity mapping. While conventional wideband SAR DPCA and ATI use range difference, Doppler-DPCA and Doppler-ATI use high-resolution temporal Doppler difference in imaging of moving targets. We present numerical results to demonstrate our theory. These novel modalities can be used for applications requiring high signal-to-noise ratio, long-range, low-power, and low payload such as microsatellites and uninhabited aerial vehicles; passive imaging using sources of opportunity, such as TV and radio stations; and in applications requiring spectrum efficiency.
How do attachment styles change from childhood through adolescence? Findings from an accelerated longitudinal Cohort study

Abstract Attachment theorists emphasize both the stability of attachment styles across time and their potential for change. The authors examined mean-level changes in attachment styles using an accelerated longitudinal cohort design. Specifically, 690 children, aged 8–19, completed self-report measures of attachment to their mothers 3 times over 3 years in 3 distinct cohorts (Grades 3, 6, and 9). Attachment-related anxiety started and remained low across time. Attachment-related avoidance, however, started low but gradually increased over time. These results suggest that, although children continue to see their mothers as available if needed, they come to relate to their mothers in more avoidant ways during this important developmental period.
Multiple-Influence Paradigms in Illness:

Social workers can contribute to a theory of disease and health care by a systematic development of the relationship between socioeconomic factors and morbidity
Viking Global v. Porsche Automobil Brief of Amicus Curiae Law Professors in Support of Defendants-Appellees

American and German securities law professors submitted an amicus brief to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in Elliott Associates v. Porsche, on Wednesday August 3, 2011. Amici urged the Court to prevent private parties from using U.S. courts to litigate claims that exceed the subject matter that Congress intended to regulate in Section 1'6b) of the Securities Exchange Act as held by the Supreme Court in Morrison v. National Australia Bank. 130 S. Ct. 2869 (201'7. The brief was co-authored by Professors Richard Painter (Minnestoa) and Ron Colombo (Hofstra). Additional contributions were made by many of the professors signing the brief and in particular Hiribert Hirte and Wulf Kaal (regarding German law) and Genevieve Beyea (regarding the 2000 amendments to section 1'6b)). The amicus brief argues that: Premising a Section 1'6b) claim on the location of the plaintiff contradicts the Supreme Court’s holding in Morrison, which looks to the location of the transaction. The place where a transaction clears might be a logical place to identify as the location of the transaction. German law already prohibits the conduct alleged in the complaint. When Congress amended Section 1'6b) in 2000 to include security based swap agreements it intended (i) to cover only swaps that reference securities traded in the United States, and (ii) did not in any event intend to endorse an implied private right of action by swap parties against the issuers of underlying reference securities and persons who trade in those securities rather than the swap itself. There would be a great potential cost to such an implied private right of action, especially because security-based swap agreements of enormous magnitude can be entered into referencing the stock of a relatively small company. A range of other issues that would have to be resolved if the Second Circuit were to allow plaintiffs’ claims to proceed, including foreseeability of loss and intent.
Seasonality: Effects in Marine Benthic Communities

The number, quality, and intensity of biotic interactions within marine benthic communities are known to vary from place to place, especially from one climatic zone to another. even when communities from similar ranges of habitats are compared. Such variations may have many causes, but in this chapter I would like to concentrate on one class of causes that may be of particular importance: those that are associated with seasonality.
Cystic fibrosis gene mutations do not affect sperm function during in vitro fertilization with micromanipulation for men with bilateral congenital absence of vas deferens

Objective To assess the effects of cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations on sperm function and fertility in men with bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens. Design Prospective. Setting Division of urologic microsurgery and associated hospital-based IVF unit. Main Outcome Measures Fertilization and pregnancy rates. Patients Men referred to our fertility unit for treatment of bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens, using sperm surgically retrieved from the epididymis with IVF and micromanipulation. Results Of 45 men with bilateral congenital absence of the vas, 54% (19/35) tested were found to be carriers of CFTR gene mutations, with one compound heterozygote. Epididymal sperm from men affected with CFTR mutations fertilized 19% (29/152) of oocytes, whereas men without mutations fertilized 22% (44/204) of oocytes. Pregnancy rates (PRs) were 36% (5/14) for cycles involving men with CFTR mutations and 33% (5/15) for other patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens but without detectable CFTR mutations. Conclusions The presence of detectable CFTR mutations does not affect fertilization rates or PRs for men with bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens when IVF and micromanipulation are applied.
Flow over Solid Wavy Surfaces

The prediction of the shear stress and pressure variation along a wavy surface is of central importance in understanding gas-liquid flows. A critical problem is the modeling of the wave induced variation of the Reynolds stress in the viscous wall region. Available methods for solving this problem are evaluated by comparing calculated results with measurements of the shear stress variation along the surface of a solid wave.
Privacy Preserving Reverse k-Nearest Neighbor Queries

Reverse k-nearest neighbor (RkNN) queries are prevalent in location-based services to find those locations that have the query point as one of their k nearest neighbors. However, such query requires users to disclose the location of the query point to a service provider who might be untrustworthy. Previous attempts to preserve the privacy of RkNN queries are either based on weaker notions of privacy such as location cloaking or not efficient when k > 1. In this paper, we propose novel solutions based on the private information retrieval (PIR) mechanism to preserve the privacy of RkNN query points. Our solutions include server-side data indexing and client-side query processing methods to facilitate PIR which is an inherently expensive data retrieval mechanism. We experimentally evaluate our approach using real-world datasets and show that it preserves the location privacy of queries with reasonable computation and storage overhead.
Kinetics and cardiac effects of propranolol in humans

Six healthy volunteers received single 20-mg intravenous (IV) and 80-mg oral doses of propranolol on two occasions in random sequence. Serum propranolol concentrations were determined by gas chromatography in multiple samples drawn during 24 h after each dose. Mean (±SE) kinetic variables for IV propranolol were: elimination half-life (t1/2β), 5.3 (±0.6) h; volume of distribution, 2.3 (±0.3) l/kg; total clearance, 4.9 (±0.3) ml/min/kg; predicted extraction ratio, 0.23 (±0.02). After single oral doses, t1/2β (3.8±0.2 h) tended to be smaller than after the IV dose, and actual systemic availability (0.60±0.07) was less than that based on the predicted extraction ratio. During multiple oral dosage (80 mg every 12 h), observed steady state serum levels (47±5 ng/ml) tended to be less than those predicted based on the single oral dose (61±5 ng/ml), thus providing no evidence for reduced propranolol clearance at steady-state. Echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular performance (posterior wall velocity, diastolic dimensions) made during the single-dose oral study indicated significant impairment of function; impairment was maximal at 3 h post-dosage, and corresponded to the time of the peak serum propranolol concentration (341 ng/ml).
Geologic Waste Disposal and a Model for the Surface Movement of Radionuclides

In the following, a model for the surface movement of radionuclides is presented. This model, which is referred to as the Pathways Model, was constructed at Sandia Laboratories in a project funded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to develop a methodology to assess the risk associated with the geologic disposal of high level radioactive waste. The methodology development involves work in two major areas: a) models for physical processes and b) statistical techniques for the use and assessment of these models. The following presentation of the Pathways Model will involve topics from both areas. Additional information on the entire project can be obtained from its interim report (1). The work introduced in this paper is described in greater detail in various referenced technical reports; these reports should be consulted for more detailed information than can be provided here.
Load Shedding in Data Stream Systems

Systems for processing continuous monitoring queries over data streams must be adaptive because data streams are often bursty and data characteristics may vary over time. In this chapter, we focus on one particular type of adaptivity: the ability to gracefully degrade performance via “load shedding” (dropping unprocessed tuples to reduce system load) when the demands placed on the system cannot be met in full given available resources. Focusing on aggregation queries, we present algorithms that determine at what points in a query plan should load shedding be performed and what amount of load should be shed at each point in order to minimize the degree of inaccuracy introduced into query answers. We also discuss strategies for load shedding for other types of queries (set-valued queries, join queries, and classification queries).
Victims’ Categorizations: Making Sense of Purges in Karelia and on Solovki

During the ”Archipelago of Common Memory” Summer School our group traveled through Karelia to the Solovetskie Islands. Participants of the school visited museum exhibitions dedicated to the White Sea–Baltic Sea Canal in Medvezh’egorsk (the former center of the canal’s construction) and Povenets (the canal’s current administrative headquarters); the Solovetskii museum, including exhibitions about the “new martyrs” and the history of the Solovetskii camp; Sandarmokh, the site of mass executions of Soviet victims; and memorial sites on Solovetskie Islands. This essay presents preliminary results of my research in which I focus on the narratives presented in different memory sites, including museums and memorials. I show how the victims of Soviet purges are portrayed at the different sites. One of the issues that became apparent during the summer school is that narratives about purges represent victims of these purges differently. A categorization of victims is often present. On Solovki, in the monastery exhibition, the victims are categorized by their religion, and Orthodox victims are made more visible than others. On the Avenue of Remembrance on Solovki and on Sandаrmokh victims are categorized by their nationality: diasporas have put up memorials to their compatriots. At the White Sea–Baltic Sea Canal Museum in Povenets, on the other hand, victims are represented through the eyes of the canal administration as either hard working or lazy. The categorization of victims illustrates some issues surrounding Russian memory of the Soviet purges more broadly—the lack of a single national narrative about the Soviet past and the drive to make sense of this difficult past. Text in English. DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2018-10-2-122-133
Effect of health disparities on overall survival of patients with glioblastoma

Examine the potential effects of health disparities in survival of glioblastoma (GB) patients. We conducted a retrospective chart review of newly diagnosed GB patients from 2000 to 2015 at a free standing dedicated cancer center (MD Anderson Cancer Center—MDACC) and a safety net county hospital (Ben Taub General Hospital—BT) located in Houston, Texas. We obtained demographics, insurance status, extent of resection, treatments, and other known prognostic variables (Karnofsky Score—KPS) to evaluate their role on overall GB survival (OS). We identified 1073 GB patients consisting of 177 from BT and 896 from MDACC. We found significant differences by ethnicity, insurance status, KPS at diagnosis, extent of resection, and percentage of patients receiving standard of care (SOC) between the two centers. OS was 1.64 years for MDACC patients and 1.24 years for BT patients (p < 0.0176). Only 81 (45.8%) BT patients received SOC compared to 577 (64%) of MDACC patients (p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in OS for patients who received SOC, 1.84 years for MDACC patients and 1.99 years for BT patients (p < 0.4787). Of the 96 BT patients who did not receive SOC, 29 (30%) had KPS less than 70 at time of diagnosis and 77 (80%) lacked insurance. GB patients treated at a safety net county hospital had similar OS compared to a free standing comprehensive cancer center when receiving SOC. County hospital patients had poorer KPS at diagnosis and were often lacking health insurance affecting their ability to receive SOC.
Analysis of the error in an iterative algorithm for asymptotic regulation of linear distributed parameter control systems

Applications of regulator theory are ubiquitous in control theory, encompassing almost all areas of systems and control engineering. Examples include active noise suppression [Banks et al. , Decision and Control, Active Noise Control: Piezoceramic Actuators in Fluid/structure Interaction Models, IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA (1991) 2328–2333], design and control of energy efficient buildings [Borggaard et al. , Control, Estimation and Optimization of Energy Efficient Buildings. Riverfront, St. Louis, MO (2009) 837–841.] and control of heat exchangers [Aulisa et al. , IFAC-PapersOnLine 49 (2016) 104–109.]. Numerous other examples can be found in [Aulisa and Gilliam, A Practical Guide to Geometric Regulation for Distributed Parameter Systems. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (2015).]. In the geometric approach to asymptotic regulation the main object of interest is a pair of operator equations called the regulator equations, whose solution provides a control solving the tracking/disturbance rejection regulation problem. In this paper we present an iterative algorithm, called the β -iteration method, which is based on the geometric methodology, and delivers accurate control laws for approximate asymptotic regulation. This iterative scheme has been successfully applied to a wide range of linear and nonlinear multi-physics examples and in practice only one or two iterations are usually required to deliver sufficiently accurate results. One drawback to these research efforts is that no proof was given of the convergence of the method. This work contains a detailed analysis of the error in the iterative scheme for a large class of linear distributed parameter systems. In particular we show that the iterative errors converge at a geometric rate. We demonstrate our estimates on three control problems in multi-physics applications.
Definition, Context, Quality: Current Issues in Research Examining High-Quality Inclusive Education:

The most recent efforts to promote inclusive education have acknowledged the various contexts in which it takes place, moving away from a placement-focused conceptualization of inclusion. Acknowled...
The analysis of economics discourse: A general review

In recent years there has been an increase in interest in the analysis of economics discourse by both applied linguists and economists. This paper briefly discusses some of the main protagonists in the debate between economists about their own discourse, and brings together and reviews the significant studies by applied linguists in this area. It suggests that the studies by applied linguists may be grouped according to the categories Micro-studies, Macro-studies, and Educational Studies, and indicates areas of developing interest. It also suggests the need to account for other aspects of economics discourse, areas which seem to be largely ignored in the literature. This paper is of interest to those attempting to analyse economics discourse or the discourse of other social science disciplines in particular, and for those who are interested in discourse analysis in general.
Development of a Split Esterase for Protein–Protein Interaction-Dependent Small-Molecule Activation

Split reporters based on fluorescent proteins and luciferases have emerged as valuable tools for measuring interactions in biological systems. Relatedly, biosensors that transduce measured input signals into outputs that influence the host system are key components of engineered gene circuits for synthetic biology applications. While small-molecule-based imaging agents are widely used in biological studies, and small-molecule-based drugs and chemical probes can target a range of biological processes, a general method for generating a target small molecule in a biological system based on a measured input signal is lacking. Here, we develop a proximity-dependent split esterase that selectively unmasks ester-protected small molecules in an interaction-dependent manner. Exploiting the versatility of an ester-protected small-molecule output, we demonstrate fluorescent, chemiluminescent, and pharmacological probe generation, each created by masking key alcohol functional groups on a target small molecule. We show that the split esterase system can be used in combination with ester-masked fluorescent or luminescent probes to measure protein-protein interactions and protein-protein interaction inhibitor engagement. We demonstrate that the esterase-based reporter system is compatible with other commonly used split reporter imaging systems for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein-protein interactions. Finally, we develop a system for selective small-molecule-dependent cell killing by unmasking a cytotoxic molecule using an inducible split esterase. Presaging utility in future synthetic biology-based therapeutic applications, we also show that the system can be used for intercellular cell killing via a bystander effect, where one activated cell unmasks a cytotoxic molecule and kills cells physically adjacent to the activated cells. Collectively, this work illustrates that the split esterase system is a valuable new addition to the split protein toolbox, with particularly exciting potential in synthetic biology applications.
Machine learning in data abstraction: A computable phenotype for sepsis and septic shock diagnosis in the intensive care unit

Machine learning in data abstraction: A computable phenotype for sepsis and septic shock diagnosis in the intensive care unit
Soft Overlapping Community Detection in Large-Scale Networks via Fast Fuzzy Modularity Maximization

Soft overlapping clustering is one of the notable problems of community detection. Extensive research has been conducted to develop efficient methods for nonoverlapping and crisp-overlapping community detection in large-scale networks. In this article, fast fuzzy modularity maximization (FFMM) for soft overlapping community detection is proposed. FFMM exploits novel iterative equations to calculate the modularity gain associated with changing the fuzzy membership values of network vertices. The simplicity of the proposed scheme enables efficient modifications, reducing computational complexity to a linear function of the network size, and the number of communities. Moreover, to further reduce the complexity of FFMM for very large networks, multicycle FFMM (McFFMM) is proposed. The proposed McFFMM reduces complexity by breaking networks into multiple subnetworks and applying FFMM to detect their communities. Performance of the proposed techniques is demonstrated with real-world data and the Lancichinetti–Fortunato–Radicchi benchmark networks. Moreover, the performance of the proposed techniques is evaluated versus some state-of-the-art soft overlapping community detection approaches. Results show that the McFFMM produces a remarkable performance in terms of overlapping modularity with fuzzy memberships, computational time, number of detected overlapping nodes, and overlapping normalized mutual information.
Chapter 7 – SUPERPOSITION

Publisher Summary There are several natural ways to define the union of a collection of graphs. In each case, the union is called a superposition. This chapter illustrates three of these unions and presents the problem of determining the number of different superpositions that can be obtained by superposing a given set of graphs. The chapter also presents Redfield's enumeration methods while recasting them in contemporary notation and terminology. When Redfield's decomposition theorem is applied to graphs, the classes of matrices correspond to superpositions. The chapter presents the construction of a more general permutation group than that required in the proof of Redfield's enumeration theorem. It also presents an explicit formula for the number of orbits in it.
The Wars in Eastern Europe, the Jews of Jerusalem, and the Rise of Sabbateanism: The Shaping of the Jewish World in the Mid-Seventeenth Century

This paper revisits the question of the connection between the wars in Eastern Europe (beginning with gezeirot taḥ ve-tat in 1648) and the rise of Sabbateanism. It argues that the key issue is the ways in which the Ashkenazi Jews of Jerusalem dealt with the collapse of Polish-Lithuanian Jewish funding for the Land of Israel in the wake of the wars. Following 1648, an extended transregional philanthropic network began to support the relief efforts for Polish Jewry, diverting resources from the Land of Israel. Initially, this caused great suffering in Jerusalem, including a famine in which many, particularly women, died. In response, great pressure was put on the philanthropic network supporting Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel: the Ashkenazi women of Jerusalem tried to establish their own independent fundraising mechanism, while the men employed a Polish Jew, Nathan Shapira, to collect for them. A major kabbalist, Shapira found common ground with millenarian Protestants in north-western Europe, who saw in the suffering of the Jews in both Eastern Europe and the Holy Land a sign of the Messiah’s imminent return. When they sent money to Jerusalem, the local community—including Nathan of Gaza, then a student—was forced to consider its attitude towards them and their ideology. Nathan had grown up in the post-1648 expanded world of philanthropy and, after the appearance of Shabbetai Zvi, used many transregional fundraising strategies with great success to help spread the new messianic movement.
Transoral Chondrolaryngoplasty: Scarless Reduction of the Adam’s Apple:

The purpose of our study is to test the feasibility of transoral thyroid chondrolaryngoplasty using a similar approach to transoral thyroidectomy. This approach would allow for gender-affirming surgery while avoiding an external neck scar. We carried out our cadaveric feasibility study in an anatomy laboratory at an academic center. Five fresh cadavers were used for this study. We used a lower oral vestibular incision, along with retractors and an endoscope to dissect and gain access to the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage. Portions of the laryngeal prominence were then removed using scissors to achieve a satisfactory neck contour. Endoscopic as well as extracorporeal photographs were taken to demonstrate the approach. We were able to remove the laryngeal prominence successfully in all of our cadaveric specimens with this transoral approach.
Mass spectrometry imaging of latent fingerprints using titanium oxide development powder as an existing matrix

Recent research has focused on increasing the evidentiary value of latent fingerprints through chemical analysis. Although researchers have optimized the use of organic and metal matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) of latent fingerprints, the use of development powders as matrices has not been fully investigated. Carbon forensic powder (CFP), a common nonporous development technique, was shown to be an efficient one-step matrix; however, a high-resolution mass spectrometer was required in the low mass range due to carbon clusters. Titanium oxide (TiO2 ) is another commonly used development powder, especially for dark nonporous surfaces. Here, forensic TiO2 powder is utilized as a single-step development and matrix technique for chemical imaging of latent fingerprints without the requirement of a high-resolution mass spectrometer. All studied compounds were successfully detected when TiO2 was used as the matrix in positive mode, although, generally, the overall ion signals were lower than the previously studied CFP. TiO2 provided quality mass spectrometry (MS) images of endogenous and exogenous latent fingerprint compounds. The subsequent addition of traditional matrices on top of the TiO2 powder was ineffective for universal detection of latent fingerprint compounds. Forensic TiO2 development powder works as an efficient single-step development and matrix technique for MALDI-MSI analysis of latent fingerprints in positive mode and does not require a high-resolution mass spectrometer for analysis.
Loss of a Legend: Remembering Robert M. Kacmarek

On April 1, 2021, we lost our longest serving Editorial Board member, Robert M Kacmarek PhD RRT FAARC ([Fig. 1][1]). Bob joined the Editorial Board in 1985. Over the subsequent years, Bob contributed to the evolution of the Journal in many meaningful ways, as author, reviewer, and Editorial Board