cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Screening With the Activated Protein C Resistance Assay Yields Significant Savings in a Patient Population With Low Prevalence of Factor V Leiden

Testing for factor V Leiden can be performed with a molecular assay or a test for activated protein C resistance. We noted that physicians in our institution tended to order the molecular test 80% of the time, but the prevalence of the mutation in our patient population was less than 10%. Consequently, we decided to introduce the activated protein C resistance assay in house and consistently use it for screening before the more expensive genetic test and to negotiate a discounted charge for the latter at a reference laboratory. After 6 years since these interventions began, the prevalence of an abnormal screening test result remained low (202/2,475 [8.2%]), even among white patients (10.9%). With this simple approach, the cost to test patients for factor V Leiden decreased by more than 90%, while the productivity of our laboratory increased by the introduction of a highvolume, fully automated assay. Resource use and laboratory consultation are top daily activities of pathologists and clinical laboratory scientists. As the cost of providing medical care continues to rise and new knowledge and technologies are developed, opportunities for efficient diagnosis and management of patients must be continuously sought. 1,2 In the area of hypercoagulability or thrombophilia, the list of inherited risk factors has expanded in the last 15 years to include factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin 20210, and elevated levels of several coagulation factors, added to the previously known deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S. 3
Premature Aging and Alcoholism

The proposition is frequently put forth in the literature dealing with alcohol abuse that the process which underlies the cognitive impairment found in chronic alcoholics is premature aging of the central nervous system (Fitzhugh et al., 1965; Kish and Cheney, 1969; Goldstein and Shelly, 1971; Smith et al., 1971; Jones and Parsons, 1972; Kleinknecht and Goldstein, 1972; Blusewicz et al., 1977a, 1977b; Bertera and Parsons, 1978; Ryan and Butters, 1979). This proposition has a certain amount of face validity in that the outward appearance and certain behavioral attributes of chronic alcoholics may resemble those of a person of advanced age. In addition, many of the neuroanatomical changes found in alcoholics are also similar (Courville, 1955). Beyond brief references to characteristics common to alcoholics and the elderly, little discussion of the premature aging hypothesis has appeared in the literature. In this paper, we hope to delve more deeply into the areas of similarity between alcoholic deterioratio...
Multi-Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing Identifies Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Which Differentiate Epidemic Clones and Outbreak Strains of Listeria monocytogenes

A recently developed multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) method showed improved discriminatory power for subtyping genetically diverse Listeria monocytogenes isolates and identified epidemic clone II isolates associated with two recent U.S. multistate listeriosis outbreaks. To evaluate the ability of MVLST to distinguish other epidemic clones and outbreak strains of L. monocytogenes, 58 outbreak-related isolates from 14 outbreaks and 49 unrelated isolates were analyzed. Results showed that MVLST provided very high discriminatory power (0.99), epidemiological concordance (1.0), stability, and typeability. MVLST accurately identified three previously known epidemic clones (epidemic clones I, II, and III) and redefined another epidemic clone (epidemic clone IV) in serotype 4b of L. monocytogenes. A set of 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) differentiated all epidemiologically unrelated isolates. A subset of 16 SNPs differentiated all epidemic clones and outbreak strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed congruence between MVLST clusters, serotypes, and previously defined genetic lineages of L. monocytogenes. SNPs in virulence genes appear to be excellent molecular markers for the epidemiological investigation of epidemics and outbreaks caused by L. monocytogenes.
Issues in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lyme Disease

Since the identification of the causative organism more than 30 years ago, there remain questions about the di-agnosis and treatment of Lyme Disease. In this article, what is known about the disease will be reviewed, and approaches to the successful diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease described. In considering the diagnosis of Lyme disease, a major problem is the inability of documenting the existence and location of the bacteria. After the initial transfer of the bacteria from the Ixodes tick into the person, the spirochetes spread locally, but after an initial bacteremic phase, the organisms can no longer be reliably found in body fluids. The bacteria are proba-bly present in subcutaneous sites and intracellular loci. Currently, the use of circulating antibodies directed against spe-cific antigens of the Lyme borrelia are the standard means to diagnose the disease, but specific antibodies are not an ade-quate means to assess the presence or absence of the organism. What is needed is a more Lyme-specific antigen as a more definitive adjunct to the clinical diagnosis. As for the treatment of Lyme disease, the earliest phase is generally easily treated. But it is the more chronic form of the disease that is plagued with lack of information, frequently leading to erroneous recommendations about the type and du-ration of treatments. Hence, often cited recommendations about the duration of treatment, eg four weeks is adequate treatment, have no factual basis to support that recommendation, often leading to the conclusion that there is another, per-haps psychosomatic reason, for the continuing symptoms. B. burgdorferi is sensitive to various antibiotics, including pe-nicillins, tetracyclines, and macrolides, but there are a number of mitigating factors that affect the clinical efficacy of these antibiotics, and these factors are addressed. The successful treatment of Lyme disease appears to be dependent on the use of specific antibiotics over a sufficient period of time. Further treatment trials would be helpful in finding the best regimens and duration periods. At present, the diagnosis of Lyme disease is based primarily on the clinical picture. The pathophysiology of the disease remains to be determined, and the basis for the chronic illness in need of additional research. Whether there is continuing infection, auto-immunity to residual or persisting antigens, and whether a toxin or other bacterial-associated product(s) are responsible for the symptoms and signs remains to be delineated.
Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Lasiocnemus (Loew, 1851) (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae)

The Afrotropical Asilidae genus Lasiocnemus (Loew, 1851) is revised. Seven species are recognized (La. fascipennis Engel & Cuthbertson, 1939; La. griseicinctipes Speiser, 1913; La. hermanni Janssens, 1952; La. hyalipennis Janssens, 1952; La. lugens Loew, 1858; and La. obscuripennis (Loew, 1851)), one of which is newly described from Kenya, Somalia, South Africa, and Tanzania, La. londti sp. n. La. anthracinus Janssens, 1952, is synonymized with La. griseicinctipes Speiser, 1913. Redescriptions and descriptions of the genus and all species as well as an identification key to species are provided. Distribution, occurrence in biodiversity hotspots, seasonal incidence, and biology are discussed.
Complex fragment coupling by crotylation: A powerful tool for polyketide natural product synthesis.

The first examples of the use of crotylation as a stereocontrolled complex fragment coupling strategy are described. Asymmetric aldehyde isoprenylation provides access to 2-substituted-1,3-butadienes that may be subjected to highly regio- and stereoselective 1,4 hydrosilylation with trichloro-silane. After complexation with a chiral diamine, the 2-substituted-cis-crotylsilanes may be employed in highly diastereoselective Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed aldehdye crotylation reactions.
Open Access and Legal Publishing: An Annotated Bibliography

Several commentators argue that the law review is well-suited to open access publishing, although it has not been embraced quite as enthusiastically as it might be. Others assert that self-publishing will signal end of the law review as we know it. Some authors express concern that the rise in blogging will have little positive effect, or indeed a detrimental effect, on the general quality of legal scholarship. These views are countered by those who believe that blogging and collaborative editing provide opportunities and benefits to students and scholars and that the new methods of communicating will give rise to new methods of evaluating works.Other issues are brought up such as the demographics of the audience for legal writing, the responsibilities of the legal scholar, the use of open access in legal education, the benefits of university repositories, and advice for young professors who are considering publishing in open access journals.A few of the articles were written before the open access campaign gained momentum around 2006-2007. These articles are included to demonstrate the history of and impetus behind the open access movement.The conclusion one might draw from the following articles is that there is a theoretical approval of open access publishing for legal scholarship, but a certain amount of resistance in practice. However, open access publishing is gaining in popularity, and it is possible that the next generation of legal scholars, accustomed to finding information online, will embrace open access as the standard manner of publishing.
Woven glass fiber composites with aligned carbon nanotube sheet interlayers

This investigation describes the design, fabrication, and testing of woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix laminates with aligned CNT sheets integrated between plies in order to improve the matrix dominated through thickness properties such as the interlaminar fracture toughness at ply interfaces. Using aligned CNT sheets allows for a concentration of millimeter long CNTs at the most likely point of laminate failure. Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of various CNT modified samples were investigated using double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notched flexure (ENF) experiments, respectively. Short beam strength (SBS) and in-plane tensile properties of the CNT modified samples were also investigated. Moderate improvement was observed in Mode I and Mode II fracture toughness at crack initiation when aligned CNT sheets with a basis weight of 0.354 g/m2 were used to modify the ply interface. No compromise in the in-plane mechanical properties of the laminate was observed and very little improvement was observed in the shear related short beam strength of the CNT modified laminates as compared to the control samples. Integration of aligned CNT sheets into the composite laminate imparted in-plane and through thickness electrical properties into the nonconductive glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates.
Studies of blood oxygen saturation and causes of death in premature infants.

Abstract Four and one-half years of neonatal premature infant results have been reviewed. During this period, 465 infants weighing less than 2,500 grams were born alive on the obstetrical service. The incidence of premature births was 11.7 per cent. The neonatal premature infant mortality for the same period was 13.3 per cent. Careful autopsy examinations were done on the premature infants that died. An analysis has been made of the pathological anatomical findings in infants between 1,000 and 2,500 grams. These findings have been correlated with the obstetrical histories of the mothers and the neonatal courses of the infants. Fifty per cent of the infants died from causes related to anoxia. In addition, a study has been made of the effect of prematurity on the ability of the newborn infant to oxygenate the blood during the early hours of life.
Epibionts of the Tanner Crab Chionoecetes Bairdi in the Region of Kodiak Island, Alaska

ABSTRACT We examined the epibionts on 98 legal male Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) of varying, known shell ages, which were tagged in the region of Kodiak Island, Alaska, and recovered in the commercial fishery. We found 39 species or collective taxa of organisms on C. bairdi, a conservative estimate of the number of species involved. Seven species or collective taxa occurred on the exposed outer surface of ≥50% of all crabs examined: Alcyonidium sp., Balanus spp., a tube-dwelling amphipod, Spirorbis spp., Serpula spp., a lichenoporid bryozoan, and the fungus Trichomaris invadens.At least 12 species occurred in the branchial chamber. Of these, Triticella sp., Alcyonidiumsp., and mucoid-tube polychaetes were found in ≥50% of 25 branchial cavities examined. Three species (Triticella sp.; a small, white flatworm; and Hiatella arctica) were found only in the branchial chamber. Our data showed trends of increasing frequency of occurrence and increasing mean number of epibionts with increasing shell age. Crab-shell age was a significant factor in determining the number of epibiotic species on crabs; the area of origin was not a significant factor. Epibionts are likely to be of limited use as a management tool, because of difficulties in accurately assessing the age composition of commercial samples and the likelihood of temporal and geographic variation in recruitment of epibiont organisms. However, epibionts are probably a significant factor in the population dynamics of C. bairdi and, hence, worthy of further investigation.
The fat cell.

Investigations of how fat cells develop, store, and release energy, and what role they play in energy metabolism are presented. The importance of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of obesity is considered.
Collective Intervention: an Analysis of the Political Issues Regarding Secession, Self-Determination, and Sovereignty in the Republic of Kosovo

3 Research Question 4 Background 5 Methodology 8 Literature Review 11 International Law and Friction in Kosovo 11 Milosevic’s Reign 13 Kosovo – Its own nation 16 Serbian Fear in Kosovo 17 International Mediation 18 Final Status 28 Assessment by the ICJ 32 Conclusion 36 Sources 38
Variation of bicycle helmet use rates with route distance

The relationship between bicycle helmet use and demographic measures has been studied extensively. To date, however, there have been very few studies of helmet use by amateur cyclists in organized, noncompetitive, long distance events. Seven hundred eleven riders were observed during three organized events offering route distances ranging from 16 to 161 kilometres. Helmet use ranged from 59% in the shorter distance groups to one hundred percent in the longest distance group. This information can assist organizers of bicycling events by permitting estimation of helmet use rates for planned routes of varying distance.
Analysis and Research of Multithreading on DTV Oriented Java Virtual Machine

This paper introduces the Java threads scheduling policy and POSIX threads synchronization mechanism briefly,then by deeply analyzing the synchronization and locking mechanism of Kaffe,it studies how the underlying JVM supports the synchronization and locking mechanism of Java and proposes a JVM lock scheme including two lock layers:logic lock and physical lock,based on this,this paper further proposes a "fast locking" scheme which fastens the locking operation with underlying hardware instructions.A JVM performance test is launched on the DTV platform finally.
High temperature solar electrothermal processing—II. Zinc from zinc oxide

Abstract We examined the feasibility of using sunlight to reduce the amount of electric power and/or fossil fuel needed to win metals from their ores and other compounds. The uniqueness of highly concentrated sunlight as a source of high-temperature process heat makes it attractive. We also examined, in some detail, ZnO as a candidate substance for exploratory experimental studies. We have mapped out, in temperature-pressure coordinates, the properties of the working substance and the thermodynamic performance of an archetype device as a guide to the temperature-pressure regime in which experimental studies might most profitably be undertaken.
Survey of AIDS related factors among men who have sex with men in Huzhou,Zhejiang,2014

Objective To understand the AIDS related knowledge awareness,high-risk behavior,intervention services in men who have sex with men( MSM) in Huzhou,Zhejiang province,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of AIDS. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the MSMrecruited through snowball sampling, and blood samples were taken from them for serological detection. Results The valid questionnaires and blood samples were collected from 106 MSM,The AIDS related knowledge awareness was 75. 5%.The differences in AIDS related knowledge awareness among the MSMwith different age,different marital status,different living areas and different education levels were statistical significant( P 0. 05). Up to 92. 5% of MSMhad anal homosexual behaviors. 44. 9% of MSMused no condoms at anal homosexual behaviors. The positive rate of HIV and syphilis antibodies were 8. 5%( 95% CI: 4. 0%-12. 0%) and 3. 8%( 95% CI: 1. 0%-7. 0%) respectively.Conclusion The AIDS related knowledge awareness was lowamong MSMin Huzhou,and the condom use rate was lowamong them too. The health education and behavior intervention should be strengthened among MSMto reduce risk of HIV infection or sexually transmitted diseases.
Prediction of the Slagging Characteristics of a Coal-fired Boiler Based on an Annealing Support Vector

A support vector machine-based algorithm was used to establish a mathematical model for predicting the slagging characteristics of a coal-fired boiler.The simulation annealing algorithm was employed to optimize the parameters of the model in question.Finally,an optimal parameter combination was obtained.With the demineralization temperature tst,silicon/aluminum ratio w(SiO2)/w(Al2O3),alkali/acid ratio J and silicon ratio G of the coal as well as the non-dimensional tangential circle diameter Φt and the actual non-dimensional tangential circle diameter Φd of the boiler serving as the input variables and the slagging degree as the output in the model,the test data were used to check the model and optimize its parameters.Then,the optimized model was employed to predict and judge the slagging characteristics of 15 boilers.14 boilers were correctly predicted with the judgement correctness rate being 93.33%,showing that the method is rational and effective.In the meanwhile,to coordinate with the model in question,an advanced language was used to design a program to develop a corresponding prediction and judgement system.
A Need for Speed: Adapting Agent Action Speed to Improve Task Learning from Non-Expert Humans

As robots become pervasive in human environments, it is important to enable users to effectively convey new skills without programming. Most existing work on Interactive Reinforcement Learning focuses on interpreting and incorporating non-expert human feedback to speed up learning; we aim to design a better representation of the learning agent that is able to elicit more natural and effective communication between the human trainer and the learner, while treating human feedback as discrete communication that depends probabilistically on the trainer's target policy. This work entails a user study where participants train a virtual agent to accomplish tasks by giving reward and/or punishment in a variety of simulated environments. We present results from 60 participants to show how a learner can ground natural language commands and adapt its action execution speed to learn more efficiently from human trainers. The agent's action execution speed can be successfully modulated to encourage more explicit feedback from a human trainer in areas of the state space where there is high uncertainty. Our results show that our novel adaptive speed agent dominates different fixed speed agents on several measures of performance. Additionally, we investigate the impact of instructions on user performance and user preference in training conditions.
Random Vibrations of Timoshenko Beams with Generalized Boundary Conditions

A new method which includes the effect of shear deformations and rotatory inertia is presented to obtain the response of beams. The equations of motion are written in the state vector form. The response is expressed as a linear combination of the eigenfunctions of the homogeneous boundary value problem which can be solved for any arbitrary boundary conditions. The eigenfunctions are obtained as a solution of a nested eigenvalue problem. To define the time dependent initial value problem for the principal coordinates, the adjoint eigenvalue problem is used. Numerical results for the natural frequencies, bending moment response variance and zero crossing rates are obtained for beams with several boundary conditions and the effect of shear deformation and rotatory inertia on these responses is evaluated.
Plotting the Course to Remission: The Search for Better Outcomes in the Treatment of Depression

Depression includes a wide range of symptoms that can impair a person's psychosocial and physical functioning. This impairment can lead to decreased productivity, increased health care utilization, alcohol and substance abuse, and an increased risk of suicide. While the treatment of depression has significantly advanced over the past 30 years, there is still room for improvement. Full remission of depressive symptoms is often elusive, and many patients never achieve full relief from their depression despite being regarded as responders to antidepressant treatment. Current treatments for depression tend to focus on emotional symptoms, not the physical and anxious symptoms also associated with depression. However, the physical and anxious symptoms of depression can be serious and sometimes more prominent than the emotional symptoms of depression, especially among special populations such as women. New treatment strategies, such as dual-acting agents and the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, target the emotional and anxious symptoms of depression as well as symptoms associated with pain. In order to increase response and remission, depression should be seen as an illness comprising not only emotional symptoms but physical and anxious symptoms as well.
Titanium dioxide enables visible integrated-evanescent Raman sensors

We explore titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) for visible evanescent Raman sensing and observe >100× greater than previous reports. Furthermore, we demonstrate TiO 2 micro-ring resonators to enhance both pumping efficiency and Stokes emission.
THz Diode Technology: Status, Prospects, and Applications

Found in many terahertz (THz) and submillimeter-wave systems, GaAs Schottky diodes continue to be one of the most useful THz devices. As a low-parasitic device that operates well into the THz range, Schottky diodes provide useful detection and power generation for a number of practical applications. Mixers and multipliers, working as high as ~3 THz, have already been demonstrated. This paper reviews the current status of diode technology, detailing some of the different ways for fabricating THz chips. An overview regarding the current state of technology and performance for THz frequency multipliers and mixers is presented, along with applications enabled by these diodes.
An All-Passive Negative Feedback Network for Broadband and Wide Field-of-View Self-Steering Beam-Forming With Zero DC Power Consumption

This paper presents an all-passive negative feedback network that performs autonomous radio-frequency (RF) front-end beam-forming and dynamic beam-tracking toward the direction of the incident RF signal. The proposed feedback network consists of a passive RF signal processing network, voltage rectifiers, and voltage-controlled delay-line phased shifters, all of which are passive-only circuits. The negative feedback loop is realized by passive phase detection, phase-to-voltage conversion, and voltage-controlled phase shifting, achieving a large loop-gain and autonomous operation with zero DC power consumption. The nonlinear behavior of the loop is exploited to substantially expand the array field of view (FoV). A proof-of-concept broadband four-element all-passive self-steering beam-former at 5 GHz with a wide FoV is implemented in a standard 130 nm CMOS process. A high-quality four-element synthesized array factor is measured for the input progressive phase shift $\phi _{\mathrm {in}}$ from −180° to 180°. When the proposed negative feedback loop is enabled, the normalized array factor is −2.87/−2.8 dB at $\phi _{\mathrm {in}}= + 90^{\circ }$ /−90° with an input RF power $\text{P}_{\mathrm {in}}$ of −17 dBm/element at 5 GHz, achieving >25 dB array factor improvement over the open-loop operation. Moreover, the nonlinear feedback loop allows for significant array factor improvement even at $\phi _{\mathrm {in}} = +180^{\circ }$ /−180°. The proposed beam-former also achieves high-quality self-steering beam-forming from 4 to 5.68 GHz with 34.7% fractional bandwidth. Therefore, the proof-of-concept all-passive self-steering beam-former outperforms the state-of-the-art active designs in terms of beam-forming quality, FoV, and fractional bandwidth. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an all-passive negative feedback network for a broadband and wide FoV self-steering beam-forming with zero DC power consumption.
Towards an efficient nanophotonic platform integrating quantum memories and single qubits based on rare-earth ions

The integration of rare-earth ions in an on-chip photonic platform would enable quantum repeaters and scalable quantum networks. While ensemble-based quantum memories have been routinely realized, implementing single rare-earth ion qubit remains an outstanding challenge due to its weak photoluminescence. Here we demonstrate a nanophotonic platform consisting of yttrium vanadate (YVO) photonic crystal nanobeam resonators coupled to a spectrally dilute ensemble of Nd ions. The cavity acts as a memory when prepared with spectral hole burning, meanwhile it permits addressing of single ions when high-resolution spectroscopy is employed. For quantum memory, atomic frequency comb (AFC) protocol was implemented in a 50 ppm Nd:YVO nanocavity cooled to 480 mk. The high-fidelity quantum storage of time-bin qubits is demonstrated with a 80% efficient WSi superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD). The small mode volume of the cavity results in a peak atomic spectral density of <10 ions per homogeneous linewidth, suitable for probing single ions when detuned from the center of the inhomogeneous distribution. The high-cooperativity coupling of a single ion yields a strong signature (20%) in the cavity reection spectrum, which could be detected by our efficient SNSPD. We estimate a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 10 for addressing a single Nd ion with its 879.7nm transition. This, combines with the AFC memory, constitutes a promising platform for preparation, storage and detection of rare-earth qubits on the same ship.
Introduction to Part I: mHealth Applications and Tools

We begin with six chapters that describe a cross-section of representative mHealth applications and tools. These works demonstrate the novel utility of mHealth, present design lessons in developing mHealth applications, and describe tools for managing mHealth data collection studies.
Scalability of Cloud Based SCIT-MTD

In order to support large volume of transactions and number of users, as estimated by the load demand modeling, a system needs to scale in order to continue to satisfy required quality attributes. In particular, for systems exposed to the Internet, scaling up may increase the attack surface susceptible to malicious intrusions. The new proactive approach based on the concept of Moving Target Defense (MTD) should be considered as a complement to current cybersecurity protection. In this paper, we analyze the scalability of the Self Cleansing Intrusion Tolerance (SCIT) MTD approach using Cloud infrastructure services. By applying the model of MTD with continuous rotation and diversity to a multi-node or multi-instance system, we argue that the effectiveness of the approach is dependent on the share-nothing architecture pattern of the large system. Furthermore, adding more resources to the MTD mechanism can compensate to achieve the desired level of secure availability.
Chat It Up: Backchanneling to Promote Reflective Practice among In-Service Teachers.

AbstractIn a graduate education course geared toward developing reflective teaching practice in in-service teachers, backchannels, in the form of chat rooms, were employed in small groups to facilitate peer feedback during viewings of video recorded instruction. This study examined the nature and quality of peer feedback exchanged in the digital medium and gauged graduate students' impressions of the technology, with potential for carryover into their professional practices in P–12 instruction. Results revealed that the backchannel was perceived as an easy-to-use tool that promoted rich, real-time, high-quality feedback and a space to collaborate and exchange ideas, while improving engagement. Backchannel comments had mostly positive or neutral tone, and took the form of observations, compliments, and helpful coaching prompts. Comments were overwhelmingly focused on instructional strategies, teacher behavior, and the learning environment. Participants saw value in utilizing backchannels in P–12 settings, ...
GUIR at SemEval-2017 Task 12: A Framework for Cross-Domain Clinical Temporal Information Extraction.

Clinical TempEval 2017 (SemEval 2017 Task 12) addresses the task of cross-domain temporal extraction from clinical text. We present a system for this task that uses supervised learning for the extraction of temporal expression and event spans with corresponding attributes and narrative container relations. Approaches include conditional random fields and decision tree ensembles, using lexical, syntactic, semantic, distributional, and rule-based features. Our system received best or second best scores in TIMEX3 span, EVENT span, and CONTAINS relation extraction.
The Coming Era of Regenerative Endodontics: What an Endodontist Needs to Know

Recently, two new clinical concepts have emerged for the management of endodontically compromised immature permanent teeth. One involves a revitalization approach to achieve tissue generation and regeneration in the root canal system. In this method, new living tissue is expected to form in the cleaned canal space allowing continued root development in terms of both length and thickness. The other is the active pursuit of pulp/dentine regeneration via tissue engineering technology to implant or re-grow pulps. Although the technology is still at its infancy, it has potential to benefit immature pulpless teeth by allowing continued growth and maturation. Evidence has shown that using dental stem cells, pulp and dentin can be regenerated in the root canal space. It is foreseeable that a decade or two from now, regenerative endodontics is likely to be an alternative treatment modality for clinical endodontics. It is therefore important for us to understand stem cells and tissue regeneration and be prepared for this clinical practice.
Adaptationism: Hypothesis or Heuristic?

Elliott Sober (1987, 1993) and Orzack and Sober (forthcoming) argue that adaptationism is a very general hypothesis that can be tested by testing various particular hypotheses that invoke natural selection to explain the presence of traits in populations of organisms. In this paper, I challenge Sober‘s claim that adaptationism is an hypothesis and I argue that it is best viewed as a heuristic (or research strategy). Biologists would still have good reasons for employing this research strategy even if it turns out that natural selection is not the most important cause of evolution.
One-dimensional kinetic simulations of plume expansion induced by multi-pulse laser irradiation in the burst mode at 266 nm wavelength

Abstract Expansion of a plume into an argon background gas induced by irradiation of a copper target by a burst of nanosecond laser pulses is studied based on a one-dimensional hybrid computational model, including a thermal model of the irradiated target and a kinetic model of neutral gas flows. The kinetic model is implemented in the form of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. The simulations are performed for a laser with 266 nm wavelength, producing bursts of 1, 3, and 7 pulses of 10 ns duration with the peak-to-peak separation varying from zero to 60 ns, in the range of argon pressure from zero to 1 bar. It is found that multi-pulse irradiation induces plumes with complicated internal structures, including cascades of primary and secondary shock waves. The mechanism of interaction between shock waves depends on the background gas pressure. The distributions of temperature and density in the plumes are strongly affected by the inter-pulse separation and number of pulses, which determine the conditions of plasma ignition. Simulations performed based on a model, where ionization and absorption in the plume are accounted for, suggest that tuning the parameters of the burst allows one to reduce the effect of plasma shielding.
Lithium Acetylide: A Spectroscopic Marker for Lithium Deposition During Fast Charging of Li-Ion Cells

Rapid charging of lithium-ion batteries being developed for electric vehicles is a formidable challenge. Electrochemical polarization of cells during fast charging favors deposition of metallic Li onto the surface of the graphite electrode, and this Li plating compromises safety and accelerates performance degradation. Observing the onset of Li nucleation is essential for elucidation of mechanisms and defining conditions favoring this Li plating, but presently available methods are not sufficiently sensitive and selective while also allowing satisfactory spatial resolution. Here we demonstrate the use of Raman spectroscopy as a sensitive means to identify Li nucleation and map Li deposition. Metallic Li is detected indirectly by probing the vibrations in an acetylide species (represented as Li—C≡C—X) that is formed on the exposed surface of Li nuclei in contact with the solid electrolyte interphase on graphite. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) involving this species on Li nuclei appears to dramati...
Dynamical regimes of giant planet polar vortices

Abstract We present a numerical model that reveals a mechanism governing the polar atmospheric dynamics of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Exploration of the polar regions of the gas giants has produced surprisingly diverse results, with Cassini finding a single, intense, compact polar cyclone precisely centered on each pole of Saturn, and Voyager data and ground-based observations suggesting Uranus and Neptune have dominant, single polar cyclones as well. The Juno spacecraft at Jupiter finds several tightly packed cyclones surrounding a central cyclone offset from the poles. These discoveries raise questions about the mechanism that differentiates these polar atmospheric dynamics regimes. To help determine what physical mechanisms control these differences, we use the Explicit Planetary Isentropic Coordinate (EPIC) model to carry out forced-turbulence shallow-water simulations in a gamma-plane configuration, i.e. a Cartesian grid with a pole placed at the center. The model is forced by small-scale stochastic mass pulses that parametrically represent cumulus storms. The effects of three parameters, the planetary Burger number, Bu = (Ld / a)2 (Ld is the Rossby deformation radius, a is the planetary radius), input storm strength, s, and proportion of cyclonic and anticyclonic storms injected into the domain, α, are systematically investigated. Bu emerges to be the most important, able to distinguish between four distinct dynamical regimes, matching those of the giant planets, which from large to small Bu, are: i) a large cyclonic polar vortex (i.e., Uranus/Neptune-like), ii) a compact intense cyclonic polar vortex (Saturn-like), iii) two large vortices or one vortex offset from the pole (transitional), and iv) meandering jets with no centrally dominant vortex, or with multiple circumpolar cyclones (Jupiter-like). The boundaries of these regimes are found to be only slightly modulated by the values of s and α. By applying this correlation with respect to Bu in reverse, an observation of a particular polar regime could in principle be used to constrain Ld.
Correction to: Subjunctive conditionals’ local contexts

In the original publication of an article, the citation of section 3 was missing in the published version. Now the same has been published in this correction.
The James Construction and $$\pi _4(\mathbb {S}^{3})$$ π 4 ( S 3 ) in Homotopy Type Theory

In the first part of this paper we present a formalization in Agda of the James construction in homotopy type theory. We include several fragments of code to show what the Agda code looks like, and we explain several techniques that we used in the formalization. In the second part, we use the James construction to give a constructive proof that $$\pi _4(\mathbb {S}^{3})$$ is of the form $$\mathbb {Z}/n\mathbb {Z}$$ (but we do not compute the n here).
Clinical factors associated with success in applying laparoscopy in the management of small bowel obstruction at a tertiary care center.

Minimally invasive techniques have become standard approaches for many common surgical problems. However, the routine use of laparoscopy in the management of small bowel obstruction (SBO) has yet to be fully standardized. The objective of this study was to determine clinical factors associated with success of laparoscopy in managing SBO. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by identifying all patients admitted to a large tertiary center with a diagnosis of SBO from 2014 to 2016. The operative cases were stratified by surgical approach: laparoscopy, laparoscopy converted to open, or laparotomy. Univariable analysis compared patient demographics and comorbidities between the laparoscopic and laparoscopic converted to open group. The primary outcome was successful laparoscopic procedure in the management of SBO, defined as resolution of SBO, and no conversion from laparoscopic to open procedures. Student’s t test or Pearson’s χ2 test were used to assess associations between factors and primary outcome. A total of 227 adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of SBO received operative intervention. There were 40 successful laparoscopic cases (52.6%) and 36 failed laparoscopic cases (47.4%). With the exception of an association between success of laparoscopy and BMI, the results demonstrated no other demographic or clinical differences among the successful versus failed laparoscopic groups. Laparoscopy is effective in treating SBOs due to various etiologies including single band or multiple adhesions, hernias, or masses. Other than BMI, there was no single predictor of success or failure with laparoscopy. Therefore, we conclude that perhaps all patients requiring operative treatment for SBO deserve consideration for a diagnostic laparoscopy.
Processing Military Combat Trauma Through Sandtray Therapy: A Phenomenological Study

This phenomenological study features four men who participated in the neuro-integrative approach of sandtray therapy to process trauma resulting from military combat. Researchers asked: What is the...
Tracheostomy for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: Maintaining the Standard of Care

Objectives To respond to the new recommendations for delaying tracheostomy for coronavirus disease 2019 patients to day 21 post-intubation to ensure viral clearance. Design Prospective observational cohort from April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, with 60 days follow-up. Setting Academic medical center with nine adult ICUs dedicated to caring for coronavirus disease 2019 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Patients Mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia requiring tracheostomy for prolonged ventilatory support. Interventions Adherence to the standard of care for timing of tracheostomy as deemed necessary by the intensivist without delay and utilizing the existing tracheostomy team in performing the needed procedures within 1 day of the request. Measurements and main results One hundred eleven patients with coronavirus disease 2019 received tracheostomy in the month of April 2020. Median time to tracheostomy was 11 days. All procedures were performed percutaneously at bedside under bronchoscopic guidance. Sixty-three percent of patients who received tracheostomy either weaned or discharged alive within 60 days of the procedure. Performing tracheostomy on these patients without delay did not lead to coronavirus disease 2019 viral transmission to the tracheostomy team as evident by lack of symptoms and negative antibody testing. Conclusions Adherence to standard of care in timing of tracheostomy is safe. Recommending delaying the procedure may lead to harmful consequences from prolonging mechanical ventilation and sedation without apparent benefit.
A mean-field approach to simulating anisotropic particles.

We introduce a mean-field theoretical framework for generalizing isotropic pair potentials to anisotropic shapes. This method is suitable for generating pair potentials that can be used in both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate the application of this theory by deriving a Lennard-Jones (LJ)-like potential for arbitrary geometries along with a Weeks–Chandler–Anderson-like repulsive variant, showing that the resulting potentials behave very similarly to standard LJ potentials while also providing a nearly conformal mapping of the underlying shape. We then describe an implementation of this potential in the simulation engine HOOMD-blue and discuss the challenges that must be overcome to achieve a sufficiently robust and performant implementation. The resulting potential can be applied to smooth geometries like ellipsoids and to convex polytopes. We contextualize these applications with reference to the existing methods for simulating such particles. The pair potential is validated using standard criteria, and its performance is compared to existing methods for comparable simulations. Finally, we show the results of self-assembly simulations, demonstrating that this method can be used to study the assembly of anisotropic particles into crystal structures.
User-Centered System Design for Indian Small-Scale Industries: Case Study on Pottery Industry

The paper describes a case study which was conducted on Indian pottery industry to understand problems faced by small-scale industries and hence how can HCI based system architecture can be proposed in order to help these industries to grow. Since India has more than 13 lakh small-scale industries, they require special attention to be paid for their growth and productivity. Current study suggests an online solution for Indian pottery industry. This system architecture connects potters to potential buyers and the raw material suppliers. Potters from three different locations were interviewed and studied to understand the existing problems of the Indian potters. Paper details about design solution inspired from Amul’s cooperative model. This solution can be scaled up for various small-scale industries similar to pottery.
Regeneration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance-laden granular activated carbon using a solvent based technology.

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large class of chemicals widely used for many commercial and industrial applications and have resulted in contamination at sites across globally. Pump-and-treat systems, groundwater extraction, and ex situ treatment using granular activated carbon (GAC) are being implemented, either in full or pilot scale, to treat PFAS-impacted groundwater and drinking water. The only current method of regenerating spent GAC is to reactivate it at temperatures greater than 1000 °C, which requires large amounts of energy and is quite expensive. This research focused on development and demonstration of an effective GAC regeneration technology using a solvent-based method for PFAS-laden GAC used in water treatment. Two different organic solvents (ethanol and isopropyl alcohol) with 0.5% and 1.0% ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) as a base additive were tested to determine the most effective regenerant solution to remove PFAS from the contaminated GAC. Based on column tests using laboratory-contaminated GAC with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanoic sulfonate (PFOS), the solvent-base mix (SBM) of ethanol with 0.5% NH4OH was found to be the optimum performing regenerant solution. The GAC life span assessment showed that solvent-regenerated GAC performed similar to virgin GAC without losing its optimal performance of PFAS sorption. Further, the solvent-regenerated GAC showed optimal performance even after four cycles of solvent regenerations tested using the optimum SBM. Average percent removal in laboratory-contaminated GAC using the optimum SBM was 65% and 93% for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. Four field-spent GAC samples were also regenerated using the optimum SBM. Percent removal from these samples was found to be in range of 55%–68%. The type of GAC used, level of contamination and type of PFAS present, water type and quality, and the presence of co-contaminants may have influenced the removal capacity. Distillation experiments have shown that it is feasible to concentrate the spent solvent prior to disposal, which reduces the amount of PFAS-contaminated solvent waste produced in regeneration cycles.
Development of Generic Superconducting Components Library in MATLAB/Simulink for Thermal-Hydraulic Analyses

We present our initial efforts to develop a library of generic superconducting power system components in Simulink to cope with the growing demand for comprehensive cryogenic system modeling and simulation tools. The first step discussed herein is to exploit the existing Simulink library to model a twisted stacked YBCO cable, which features a set of differential equations describing the mass, momentum, and energy conservation including two-phase flows observed during cryogen boiling and dryout. Furthermore, empirical correlations are used to quantify convective heat transfer in the annulus and to couple the magnetic field, electric current, and temperature. Here we also verify the cable model against high-fidelity simulation results and showcase its capability by simulating cryogen boiling induced by a sudden cryostat vacuum loss.
Is John Henryism a Health Risk or Resource?: Exploring the Role of Culturally Relevant Coping for Physical and Mental Health among Black Americans:

Research shows that John Henryism, a high-effort, active coping style, is associated with poor physical health, whereas others suggest it may be psychologically beneficial. As such, it is unclear w...