cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-source and ontology-based retrieval engine for maize mutant phenotypes.

Model Organism Databases, including the various plant genome databases, collect and enable access to massive amounts of heterogeneous information, including sequence data, gene product information, images of mutant phenotypes, etc, as well as textual descriptions of many of these entities. While a variety of basic browsing and search capabilities are available to allow researchers to query and peruse the names and attributes of phenotypic data, next-generation search mechanisms that allow querying and ranking of text descriptions are much less common. In addition, the plant community needs an innovative way to leverage the existing links in these databases to search groups of text descriptions simultaneously. Furthermore, though much time and effort have been afforded to the development of plant-related ontologies, the knowledge embedded in these ontologies remains largely unused in available plant search mechanisms. Addressing these issues, we have developed a unique search engine for mutant phenotypes from MaizeGDB. This advanced search mechanism integrates various text description sources in MaizeGDB to aid a user in retrieving desired mutant phenotype information. Currently, descriptions of mutant phenotypes, loci and gene products are utilized collectively for each search, though expansion of the search mechanism to include other sources is straightforward. The retrieval engine, to our knowledge, is the first engine to exploit the content and structure of available domain ontologies, currently the Plant and Gene Ontologies, to expand and enrich retrieval results in major plant genomic databases. Database URL: http:www.PhenomicsWorld.org/QBTA.php
Management of the Node-Positive Neck in Oral Cancer

Surgery continues to play a prominent role in the management of patients with loco-regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Most evidence supports the use of comprehensive neck dissection for node-positive disease and suggests that planned neck dissection following definitive radiation therapy and chemoradiation therapy is unnecessary in the great majority of patients with node-positive neck disease who exhibit a complete response. Evidence for less aggressive therapy is much less compelling in patients with bulky adenopathy. For such patients, there is growing enthusiasm for selective or even super-selective neck dissection for surgical salvage. Finally, when cervical disease is so advanced as to involve the carotid artery, evidence continues to portend a dismal prognosis.
The role of human, social, built, and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country level: Toward a National Well-Being Index (NWI)

This paper investigates the contributions to life satisfaction of four basic types of capital: human, social, built, and natural. Life satisfaction data were available for respondents from fifty-seven countries from the World Values Survey over the decade of the 1990s. Data on proxies for human, social, built, and natural capital were available for 171 countries, using data from the 1998 United Nations Human Development Report [United Nations Development Programme, 1998. Human Development Report 1998. Oxford University Press, New York.], Freedom House (1999) [Freedom House, 1999. News of the Century: Press Freedom 1999. Freedom House, http://freedomhouse.org/pfs99/pfs99.pdf, September 30, 2003.], and Sutton and Costanza (2002) [Sutton, P., Costanza, R., 2002. Global estimates of market and non-market values derived from nighttime satellite imagery, land cover, and ecosystem service valuation. Ecol. Econ., 41:509–527.]. Regression models show that both the UN Human Development Index (HDI — which includes proxies for both built and human capital) and an index of the value of ecosystem services per km 2 (as a proxy for natural capital) are important factors in explaining life satisfaction at the country level and together can explain 72% of the variation in life satisfaction. We did not find a proxy for social capital that was a significant predictor in the regression models. This was due to the inadequacy of available proxy variables for social capital at the national scale and intercorrelation with other variables. We discuss data limitations and a range of other problems with the existing limited data along with methods to overcome some of these limitations to improve future analyses. We propose a National Well-Being Index (NWI) based on our findings and describe a path to improve it over time. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Social Media: The New Opiate of the Masses?

This study argues that the relationship between new information and communication technologies (ICT) and social movements should be done from a socio-technical perspective. In the present study, we broaden this perspective and use Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to better understand the relationship between social media (as a new ICT) and social movements. From the perspective of ANT, one cannot define unidirectional causal relationships between the social and the technical. New technical developments create opportunities to change the social order and in the meantime technologies are transformed and are adapted differently by humans. Preliminary findings examining the use of Facebook among Iranians, applying the aforementioned relational sociology perspective based on ANT, suggest that the role new ICTs play in social movements and social change is not linear and constant through time. The impact of new ICTs might be different considering different stages in a social movement timeline. In fact, there may be a stage where ICTs actually function as a sort of pressure-release value, allowing individuals to remain content within the status quo rather than choosing to pursue more radical goals. We propose the utilization of the two concepts of “durability” and “mobility”, from ANT literature, to better understand the potential of online social networking technologies for social change. We suggest three different time stages as short (emergence of movements), mid (development or decline of movements), and late stage (the movement’s continuation, survival or disappearance through time) to be considered in the study of relationship between social media and social change.
Cytochrome c oxidase: some current biochemical and biophysical problems.

Few fields of biochemistry have seen such widespread applications of physical theories and techniques as that of biological oxidation. There are obvious reasons for this. Oxidation-reduction reactions form the foundations of bioenergetics, an area which can only be understood in terms of thermodynamic theory. Most components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain contain transition metals, and these elements and their chemical environment can often be studied by modern spectroscopic methods, such as electron-paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The relation between spectroscopic properties and chemical structure of metallo-proteins, e.g. haem proteins, represents one of the few branches of present-day biochemistry to which quantum mechanical calculations can profitably be applied (see, for example, Zerner, Gouterman & Kobayashi, 1966).
Object-oriented biological system integration: a SARS coronavirus example

Motivation: The importance of studying biology at the system level has been well recognized, yet there is no well-defined process or consistent methodology to integrate and represent biological information at this level. To overcome this hurdle, a blending of disciplines such as computer science and biology is necessary. Results: By applying an adapted, sequential software engineering process, a complex biological system (severe acquired respiratory syndrome-coronavirus viral infection) has been reverse-engineered and represented as an object-oriented software system. The scalability of this object-oriented software engineering approach indicates that we can apply this technology for the integration of large complex biological systems. Availability: A navigable web-based version of the system is freely available at http://people.musc.edu/~zhengw/SARS/Software-Process.htm Contact: zhengw@musc.edu Supplementary information: Supplemental data: Table 1 and Figures 1--16.
Rapid thermal annealing effects on Si p/sup +/-n junctions fabricated by low-energy FIB Ga/sup +/ implantation

Effects of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on sub-100 nm p/sup +/-n Si junctions fabricated using 10 kV FIB Ga/sup +/ implantation at doses ranging from 10/sup 13/ to 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/ are reported. Annealing temperature and time were varied from 550 to 700 degrees C and 30 to 120 s. It was observed that a maximum in the active carrier concentration is achieved at the critical annealing temperature of 600 degrees C. Temperatures above and below the critical temperature were followed by a decrease in the active concentration, leading to a 'reverse' annealing effect. >
On the valence fluctuation in the early actinide metals

Recent X-ray measurements suggest a degree of valence fluctuation in plutonium and uranium intermetallics. We are applying a novel scheme, in conjunction with density functional theory, to predict 5f configuration fractions of states with valence fluctuations for the early actinide metals. For this purpose we perform constrained integer f-occupation calculations for the α phases of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium metals. For plutonium we also investigate the δ phase. The model predicts uranium and neptunium to be dominated by the f3 and f4 configurations, respectively, with only minor contributions from other configurations. For plutonium (both α and δ phase) the scenario is dramatically different. Here, the calculations predict a relatively even distribution between three valence configurations. The δ phase has a greater configuration fraction of f6 compared to that of the α phase. The theory is consistent with the interpretations of modern X-ray experiments and we present resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy results for α-uranium.
Holistic Education: Using the Tools of Marian Chace to Teach Dance in Higher Education

Affirmation is a powerful teaching tool and an important feature of the Marian Chace dance/movement Therapy technique and theory. Used pedagogically in a modern or improvisation-based dance class, ...
Age-dependent differences in microglial responses to systemic inflammation are evident as early as middle age

Whereas age increases microglial inflammatory activities and impairs their ability to effectively regulate their immune response, it is unclear at what age these exaggerated responses begin. We tes...
Neuraminidase Inhibitors in Patients with Underlying Airways Disease

Influenza virus infection accounts for significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures among persons worldwide. Approximately 20 000 to 40 000 people in the US die each year as a result of influenza. Individuals most susceptible to adverse outcomes include the elderly and those with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, renal failure, malignancy, or immunosuppression. Prior to the AIDS epidemic, underlying respiratory disease was the greatest risk factor for influenza-related hospitalization ranking third to heart disease and malignancy for risk of mortality. Although the influenza vaccine can help prevent pneumonia and hospitalization, it is limited by less than ideal immunization rates and the possibility of viral antigenic shifts that render the vaccine ineffective. Pharmacologic interventions play an important role in the management of influenza virus infection by shortening the duration of symptoms. The advent of the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) zanamivir and oseltamivir has significantly affected the treatment of influenza. Unlike NAIs, the older therapeutic options amantadine and rimantadine may cause significant central nervous system adverse effects. In addition, amantadine and rimantadine are not active against influenza B viruses, whereas NAIs are active against both influenza A and B. Post-marketing surveillance of the NAIs has revealed that bronchospasm may occur in patients with underlying respiratory disease treated with the NAI zanamivir. Recent data suggest zanamivir is effective in patients with underlying respiratory disease, but the data are insufficient to elucidate the true risk of bronchospasm. Based on post-marketing reports, zanamivir should be used with caution in patients with asthma or COPD. Although oseltamivir has not been associated with any significant respiratory adverse effects, no data exist on the safety and efficacy of this NAI in patients with underlying respiratory disease.
The effects of medicaid expansions on insurance coverage of children

In the Winter 1995 issue of The Future of Children, the Child Indicators article examined recent trends in health insurance coverage for children. A major conclusion of that article was that the proportion of children covered by private, employment-based health insurance has been declining in recent years while changes in the rules for eligibility for Medicaid have made that program increasingly important for children. Nearly eight million more children were covered by Medicaid in 1993 than in 1988, largely as a result of the eligibility expansions. However, the number of uninsured children grew by about one million during that same period.
Calculating the Bimolecular Rate of Protein–Protein Association with Interacting Crowders

We have recently introduced a method termed Poisson-Boltzmann semianalytical method (PB-SAM) for solving the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation for large numbers of arbitrarily shaped dielectric cavities with controlled precision. In this work we extend the applicability of the PB-SAM approach by deriving force and torque expressions that fully account for mutual polarization in both the zero- and first-order derivatives of the surface charges, that can now be embedded into a Brownian dynamics scheme to look at electrostatic-driven mesoscale assembly and kinetics. We demonstrate the capabilities of the PB-SAM approach by simulating the protein concentration effects on the bimolecular rate of association of barnase and barstar, under periodic boundary conditions and evaluated through mean first passage times. We apply PB-SAM to the pseudo-first-order reaction rate conditions in which either barnase or barstar are in great excess relative to the other protein (124:1). This can be considered a specific case in which the PB-SAM approach can be applied to crowding conditions in which crowders are not inert but can form interactions with other molecules.
Joint Continuity of Monotonic Functions

(1969). Joint Continuity of Monotonic Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 74-76.
Recurrent syncope and cardiac arrest in a patient with systemic light chain amyloidosis treated with bortezomib

About 10-15% of patients with multiple myeloma develop light chain (AL) amyloidosis. AL amyloidosis is a systemic disease that may involve multiple organs, often including the heart. It may present clinically with bradyarrhythmia and syncope. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been used with clinical efficacy in treating patients with AL amyloidosis but also implicated as a possible cause of cardiomyocyte injury. We report a case of a 48-year-old man with AL amyloidosis and increased frequency of syncope and cardiac arrest after starting bortezomib. The biologic and clinical plausibility of a heightened risk for cardiac arrest in patients with cardiac AL amyloidosis and history of syncope being treated with bortezomib is a possibility that is not well documented in the medical literature and warrants further investigation.
Entanglement spectrum and Rényi entropies of nonrelativistic conformal fermions

We characterize nonperturbatively the R\'enyi entropies of degree $n=2,\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}3,\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}4$, and 5 of three-dimensional, strongly coupled many-fermion systems in the scale-invariant regime of short interaction range and large scattering length, i.e., in the unitary limit. We carry out our calculations using lattice methods devised recently by us. Our results show the effect of strong pairing correlations on the entanglement entropy, which modify the subleading behavior for large subsystem sizes (as characterized by the dimensionless parameter $x={k}_{F}{L}_{A}$, where ${k}_{F}$ is the Fermi momentum and ${L}_{A}$ the linear subsystem size), but leave the leading order unchanged relative to the noninteracting case. Moreover, we find that the onset of the subleading asymptotic regime is at surprisingly small $x\ensuremath{\simeq}2--4$. We provide further insight into the entanglement properties of this system by analyzing the spectrum of the entanglement Hamiltonian of the two-body problem from weak to strong coupling. The low-lying entanglement spectrum displays clear features as the strength of the coupling is varied, such as eigenvalue crossing and merging, a sharp change in the Schmidt gap, and scale invariance at unitarity. Beyond the low-lying component, the spectrum appears as a quasicontinuum distribution, for which we present a statistical characterization; we find, in particular, that the mean shifts to infinity as the coupling is turned off, which indicates that that part of the spectrum represents nonperturbative contributions to the entanglement Hamiltonian. In contrast, the low-lying entanglement spectrum evolves to finite values in the noninteracting limit. The scale invariance of the unitary regime guarantees that our results are universal features intrinsic to three-dimensional quantum mechanics and represent a well-defined prediction for ultracold atom experiments, which were recently shown to have direct access to the entanglement entropy.
Reducing the number of formulary theophylline preparations

Cost reduction resulting from decreasing the number of theophylline products on a hospital formulary is reported. A special review subcommittee of the pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committee of a 1049-bed hospital was appointed to study tee literature on theophylline preparations. Bids were requested on all theophylline preparations. Bids were requested on all theophylline products. The subcommittee recommended one liquid preparation, one combination product, two sustained-release products, and two rapid-release solid oral theophylline products for inclusion in the formulary. The P&T committee approved the action, and all other oral and rectal theophylline products were deleted. In 1978 (before the product reduction), the hospital purchased 357,551 doses of theophylline at a cost of $27,926.10. In 1979, this cost was reduced to $11.624.39 for 309.069 doses, a savings of over $16,000. Substantial cost savings can be achieved by reducing the number of therapeutically equivalent products and by using teh bid system.
The bilateral lower extremity amputee.

Summary Most bilateral lower extremity amputees in civilian practice are the victims of peripheral vascular disease. The patient who has lost one limb from vascular disease should be properly instructed as to foot hygiene and proper shoe wear and forewarned against performing minor surgery on his own feet. When confronted with a patient whose second limb is threatened, the physician should make every effort to keep the level of amputation as low as possible, regardless of the level of the first amputation. Immediate postsurgical fitting and early prosthetic fitting, although applicable in the bilateral amputee, can be dangerous if weight bearing is allowed before the stump has completely healed. Prosthetic rehabilitation in cases of bilateral above knee amputation secondary to peripheral vascular disease is not feasible because of the tremendous increase in energy expenditure required. Although younger bilateral above knee amputees should be given the opportunity to walk, their level of function is still severely compromised and they may frequently prefer the wheelchair for many activities. The combination of above knee-below knee amputee carries a better prognosis for rehabilitation, particularly if the patient was a good above knee prosthesis user prior to the second amputation below the knee. However, in the older patient this combination of levels also requires an energy expenditure that may preclude practical ambulation. The bilateral below knee amputee has by far the most favorable outlook for functional rehabilitation to an ambulatory status. The young bilateral below knee amputee can be expected to achieve a relatively normal gait without the use of external support. Older dysvascular bilateral amputees can also be expected to achieve independent ambulation with or without the use of external support if they were previously ambulatory as unilateral amputees.
Border effects in a free-trade zone: Evidence from European wine shipments

This article examines shipments of wine from European producers to 16 European ports. The research question focuses on disaggregated decisions about which port to use controlling for distance, port fixed effects and whether a national border must be crossed to reach the port. Using a conditional logit model we find heterogeneous impacts of transportation costs and national borders on port choice across shippers of various sizes. Based on the estimation results, we calculate the distance equivalents of national borders for shippers of various sizes. We show that border effects are non-trivial and asymmetric, even within the European free-trade zone.
International financial integration of East Asia and Pacific

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of how economies in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region have been integrating financially with the rest of the world since the 1990s, using bilateral data on portfolio investments, syndicated bank loans, mergers and acquisitions (M&As), and greenfield investments. Four main messages emerge from the analysis. First, the region is increasingly more connected with itself and with the rest of the world, even relative to GDP. Second, although economies in the North capture the bulk of the region's inward and outward investments, EAP's connectivity with the South has grown relatively faster. Third, EAP is relatively more connected through arm's length financing (portfolio investments and syndicated loans) with the more financially developed North, and through FDI (M&A and greenfield investments) with itself and the South. Fourth, more developed EAP economies have a larger role in EAP’s arm’s length investments than in the region's FDI.
Comparison of Collection Methods for Fecal Samples for Discovery Metabolomics in Epidemiologic Studies

Background:The gut metabolome may be associated with incidence and progression of numerous diseases. The composition of the gut metabolome can be captured by measuring metabolite levels in the feces. However, there is little data describing the effect of fecal sample collection methods on metabolomic measures. Methods: We collected fecal samples from eighteen volunteers using four methods: no solution, 95% ethanol, fecal occult blood test (FOBT) cards, and fecal immunochemical test (FIT). One set of samples was frozen after collection (day 0), and for 95% ethanol, FOBT, and FIT, a second set was frozen after 96 hours at room temperature. We evaluated 1) technical reproducibility within sample replicates, 2) stability after 96 hours at room temperature for 95% ethanol, FOBT, and FIT, and 3) concordance of metabolite measures with the putative "gold standard," day 0 samples without solution. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) estimating technical reproducibility were high for replicate samples for each collection method. ICCs estimating stability at room temperature were high for 95% ethanol and FOBT (median ICC>0.87) but not FIT (median ICC=0.52). Similarly, Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) estimating metabolite concordance with the "gold standard" were higher for 95% ethanol (median rs=0.82) and FOBT (median rs=0.70) than for FIT (median rs=0.40). Conclusions: Metabolomic measurements appear reproducible and stable in fecal samples collected with 95% ethanol or FOBT. Concordance with the "gold standard" is highest with 95% ethanol and acceptable with FOBT. Impact: Future epidemiologic studies should collect feces using 95% ethanol or FOBT if interested in studying fecal metabolomics.
Smart Energy Paths: How Willie Nelson Saved the Planet

In examining the need to move away from traditional energy policy and toward Smart Energy, the article draws a connection between physicist Amory Lovins and singer Willie Nelson. Both believe that our country's century-old traditional energy policy no longer meets our needs. Rather, they feel that such an antiquated policy ignores the challenges that the country and the world face today. Smart Energy is not only a promising vision of the future, it is the only realistic vision. It is pro-growth, because it promotes the development of new industries and new technologies. Smart Energy is protective of the environment by promoting cleaner air, cleaner water, and sensitivity to climate change through the use of low-carbon and renewable energy resources. It is committed to competitive markets and government regulation to make those markets function. Responsive to energy security, Smart Energy promotes energy independence through multiple and distributed energy resources. Sensitive to national security, Smart Energy brings energy production back home from foreign ports. Furthermore, Smart Energy promotes democratic principles of accountability and transparency as it moves away from highly centralized energy firms. Finally, Smart Energy believes in maintaining the quality of life that we now enjoy.
Utility of feeding jejunostomy tubes in pancreaticoduodenectomy

Abstract Background Routine placement of jejunostomy tubes (JT) during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is controversial. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing PD from 1/1/08 through 12/31/14 was performed. The patients were divided into groups by placement of JT. Outcome measures were 90-day morbidity, 90-day mortality, length of stay, rate of delayed gastric emptying (DGE), and JT-specific complications. Results 256 patients were included. There were no significant differences in 90-day morbidity (39.9% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.747), 90-day mortality (3.9% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.247) or TPN use (24.8 vs. 25.2%, p = 0.941) between those with and without JT, respectively. Patients with a JT had a higher rate of DGE (p Conclusions Routine placement of JT at the time of PD should be abandoned with efforts focused on preoperative nutrition optimization and early oral diet trials.
Isolated cerebral mucormycosis caused by Rhizomucor pusillus.

A 61-year-old man with relapsing chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, status post allogeneic stem cell transplant and multiple chemotherapy regimens presented to the emergency room after suffering a grand mal seizure. His evaluation revealed a 1.5–2 cm ring-enhancing left temporal lobe brain lesion on the CT scan. This brain lesion was resected and the histopathology revealed an invasive fungal organism resembling mucormycosis. Amplification and sequencing of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene identified the organism as Rhizomucor pusillus. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B 5 mg/kg every 24 hours for 4 weeks, and then was transitioned to oral posaconazole. Serial brain imaging at 1 and 3 months, while on therapy, showed significant improvement.
Abstract P014: Methamphetamine Associated Cardiomyopathy is Associated with Impaired Myocardial Energy Usage via 31Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Introduction: Methamphetamine and related stimulants are now the second most abused illicit drugs worldwide. Methamphetamine associated cardiomyopathy (MAC) has been increasingly reported but still poorly characterized in comparison with other drug-induced cardiomyopathies. Hypothesis: Persons with MAC may have left ventricular structural changes as well as altered myocardial energy as compared to persons with ischemic cardiomyopathy or with no known cardiomyopathy. Methods: Male persons (mean age=48.2) with MAC (n=10) were selected from a clinic setting. Inclusion criteria included LVEF Subjects underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) at 3 Tesla with Siemens TIM TRIO MRI to assess LV mass and volumes. Subjects then underwent 2 dimensional Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to obtain phosphocreatine (PCr) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratios in the LV anterior wall to assess cardiac energetics. Results were analyzed with the unequal variance t-test. Results: We found a statistically significant difference in PCr: ATP ratios in the current methamphetamine users when compared to normal controls (p=0.03), a result not seen in the ischemic group (p=0.49). A trend towards lower PCR to ATP ratios was seen in all methamphetamine users compared to normal controls (p=0.06). Compared with normal controls, persons with MAC had larger LV diastolic volumes (p=0.004) while persons with ischemic cardiomyopathy were similar (p=0.11) (Table). Conclusion: Methamphetamine usage is associated with impaired myocardial energy, beyond that seen in ischemic cardiomyopathy with comparable LV EF. Structurally, MAC is associated with larger LV diastolic volumes than ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Repeating Something Familiar: Using Reoccurring, Television-Inspired Segments to Promote Students' Recall of Learning Events and Course Content.

Segments are a structured presentation style that is commonly used on late-night talk and variety television shows. Research has shown that shows that contain segments with both entertaining and informative content (e.g., The Daily Show) have increased students’ political knowledge. This study investigated how the structure of segments could be adapted to present material in classroom lectures to promote recall of both learning events and course content. For the first two units in a three-unit child development course, students experienced segments along with traditional lecture activities. Although performance varied across measures, results indicated that segments are a useful teaching tool to promote retention of material and recall of learning events. The use of segments in other types of courses is discussed.
Motivation is a game: Massively multiplayer online games as agents of motivation in higher education

Abstract Stakeholders in the education arena are seeking effective and affordable ways to integrate technology in curriculum. One technology integration approach that has received attention is using commercial digital games as technological tools in the curriculum. Massively Multiplayer Online Games or MMOGs are a sub-genre of commercial, made for entertainment games. While there is considerable evidence that such games provide robust, stimulating and motivating environments for users, there are gaps in examinations of how learners perceive their experiences when immersed in MMOG based curricular environments. As learners are the focal points of designing instruction, understanding their conceptions is crucial for effective instructional design. Using a Phenomenography approach, this study highlighted the experiences of 95 students in English and Business courses that used an MMOG based curriculum. A key finding is that participants approve of game related contents such as information on game sites, game wikis and YouTube tutorials, with or without experiencing gameplay. This suggests a possible paradigm shift in the way MMOGs may be infused in the curriculum, as teachers and instructional designers may find it easier to implement and adopt MMOGs in their classrooms if complexities such as mandatory gameplay are not necessary. Researcher and practitioner implications are also discussed.
Functional and Pathologic Interrelationships of the Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus in Animals

In the discussions to follow, statements are made which refer in general terms to the hypothalamus and the pituitary in most vertebrate species, including man. Examples are presented of pathologic alterations which have been studied in one or more species. In many instances, the biologic effects of a lesion in an endocrine organ of the living rat, mouse, or hamster are unknown. Knowledge of other species may be of value in this instance to predict the kind of biologic behavior which should be looked for in a laboratory rodent with a specific endocrine lesion. Specific differences in biologic behavior, frequency of occurrence, and other features will be discussed in the sections that are directed toward individual lesions in laboratory rodents.
ROBUST BAYESIAN ESTIMATION

Publisher Summary There is a considerable body of literature expounding that proper statistical behavior is to take a convenient but not necessarily true prior, compute the posterior, and act accordingly. This chapter describes the way in which much can be gained with little lost, at least in the case of estimating the mean of a univariate normal with known variance. The simple linear estimator has an infinite expected risk if the loss is squared error and the true prior has infinite variance. Even truncating the risk does not help much. The chapter discusses the concept of robustness from the behavioristic Bayes approach. It describes the calculation of the risks for the Bayes estimates for non-normal priors by numerical integration for certain values of θ, followed by numerical integration over θ.
Public governance as a socio-technical system: from concept to application

This paper further develops a recent conceptual framework designed to move from a micro to a macro view by analyzing the dynamics of digital age governance through the interaction of six social and technical dimensions. This exploratory research extends the original model by exploring the interplay of these dimensions through the development of causal loop diagrams depicting two case studies taken from US national security crises in the 1790s and 2000s. The exploration produced a revised conceptual model that puts socio-technical interaction and complexity at the intersection of the other dimensions. It also expands the "information" dimension to recognize the importance of information content and availability as well as information management. The work suggests that the importance of some relationships and variables identified in the original model may remain stable over time, while the salience and impact of others may be strongly affected by technological and other factors. The paper concludes with recommendations for further development and testing of a more formal model.
Information Leakage Attacks on Emerging Non-Volatile Memory and Countermeasures

Emerging Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) suffer from high and asymmetric read/write current and long write latency which can result in supply noise, such as supply voltage droop and ground bounce. The magnitude of supply noise depends on the old data and the new data that is being written (for a write operation) or on the stored data (for a read operation). Therefore, victim's write operation creates a supply noise which propagates to adversary's memory space. The adversary can detect victim's write initiation and can leverage faster read latency (compared to write) to further sense the Hamming Weight (HW) of the victim's write data by detecting read failures in his memory space. These attacks are specifically possible if exhaustive testing of the memory for all patterns, all possible location combinations, all possible parallel read/write conditions are not performed under bit-to-bit process variations and specified (-10°C to 90°C) and unspecified temperature ranges (i.e., less than -10°C and greater than 90°C). Simulation result indicates that adversary can sense HW of victim's (near-by) write data = 66.77%, and further narrow the range based on read/write failure characteristics. Side Channel Attacks can utilize this information to strengthen the attacks.
The difficult diabetic: Part 1

Diabetic patients can pose some unique challenges. Evaluating a poorly regulated dog or cat requires a logical approach, with the goal of identifying and addressing the simplest possibilities before moving on to the more complex concerns. This article is part one of a two-part series, and includes information on the storage and administration of insulin and the importance of effective client education. In addition, detailed information is provided about performing and interpreting glucose curves, along with guidelines about at-home monitoring.
Regulation of histone deacetylase 3 by metal cations and 10-hydroxy-2E-decenoic acid: Possible epigenetic mechanisms of queen-worker bee differentiation.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the hydrolysis of Ɛ-acetyl-lysine residues of histones. Removal of acetyl groups results in condensation of chromatin structure and repression of gene expression. Human class I, II, and IV HDACs are said to be zinc-dependent in that they require divalent zinc ions to catalyze the deacetylase reaction. HDACs are considered potential targets for the treatment of cancer due to their role in regulating transcription. They are also thought to play important roles in the development of organisms such as honey bees. The fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-2E-decenoic acid (10-HDA), which can account for up to 5% of royal jelly composition has been reported as an HDAC inhibitor. The crystal structure of the HDAC3:SMRT complex possesses two monovalent cations (MVCs) labeled as potassium with one MVC binding site near the active site Zn(II) and the second MVC binding site ≥20 A from the active site Zn(II). We report here the inhibitory effects of excess Zn(II) on the catalytic activity of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) bound to the deacetylase activating domain of nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2). We also report the effects of varying concentrations of potassium ions where [K+] up to 10 mM increase HDAC3 activity with a maximum kcat/KM of approximately 80,000 M-1s-1 while [K+] above 10 mM inhibit HDAC3 activity. The inhibition constant (Ki) of 10-HDA was determined to be 5.32 mM. The regulatory effects of zinc, potassium, and 10-HDA concentration on HDAC3 activity suggest a strong correlation between these chemical species and epigenetic control over Apis mellifera caste differentiation among other control mechanisms.
Housing First: Unsuppressed Viral Load Among Women Living with HIV in San Francisco

While poverty is an established barrier to achieving success at each step of the HIV care continuum, less is known about specific aspects of poverty and how they overlap with behavior in exceptionally low-income individuals who live in well-resourced areas. We considered unsuppressed viral load over 3 years among women living with HIV in San Francisco who used homeless shelters, low-income hotels and free meal programs. One-hundred twenty study participants were followed; 60% had > 1 unsuppressed viral load and 19% were unsuppressed at every visit. Across six-month intervals, the odds of unsuppressed viral load were 11% higher for every 10 nights spent sleeping on the street [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.20]; 16% higher for every 10 nights spent sleeping in a shelter (AOR/10 nights 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27); 4% higher for every 10 nights spent sleeping in a single-room occupancy hotel (AOR/10 nights 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.07); and over threefold higher among women who experienced any recent incarceration (AOR 3.56, 95% CI 1.84–6.86). Violence and recent use of outpatient health care did not significantly predict viral suppression in adjusted analysis. While strategies to promote retention in care are important for vulnerable persons living with HIV, they are insufficient to ensure sustained viral suppression in low-income women experiencing homelessness and incarceration. Results presented here in combination with prior research linking incarceration to homelessness among women indicate that tailored interventions, which not only consider but prioritize affordable housing, are critical to achieving sustained viral suppression in low-income women living with HIV.
Janus nanoparticle synthesis: Overview, recent developments, and applications

Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) have two faces with differing physical or chemical characteristics which endow them with unique properties. This anisotropy can lead to phenomena like self-assembly or interfacial activity, and JNPs have been under intense scientific scrutiny since the 1990s. Since then, powerful synthetic techniques have been developed which allow for JNPs with near limitless combinations of materials, properties, and morphologies. As such, JNPs have been featured in a number of applications such as drug delivery, catalysis, interfacial engineering, and optics. This perspective discusses the synthesis of these important anisotropic materials. We will focus exclusively on JNPs that involve polymers. In particular, we outline the various classes of JNP synthetic techniques including some historical context, describe recent developments in this area, and weigh the pros and cons of the different methods with an eye on future directions and applications. We hope this perspective will help acclimate those new to the field who want to make and/or use JNPs.
Longitudinal observations of expected and actual library resource usage and barriers experienced by public health students

Objective: This longitudinal observational study explored relationships between actual and expected usage of library resources as well as anticipated and encountered barriers to that usage among public health affiliates over the course of a semester. Methods: School of Public Health master’s degree students were sent questionnaires monthly throughout a semester that asked about usage of and barriers to library resources to examine changes over time. Results: Most students utilized library resources less often than they predicted at the beginning of the semester and did not have accurate expectations about which library resources they would use. Although most students encountered no difficulties using library resources, those who did often had multiple problems and seldom sought library assistance. Conclusion: As School of Public Health master’s students had unrealistically high expectations of library resource usage, librarians may need to manage students’ expectations and assist in overcoming difficulties. Further studies across health sciences disciplines are needed to determine differences between different populations of users.
Forced Labor and Disciplinary Control: A History of Indigenous Peoples’ Treatment and Agency in the City of Manaus, Brazil

Schools are a powerful apparatus of domination in colonial times. There were forms of education that allowed colonial governments to impose ideas of civilization, dismantle cultural identities, and hinder personal development of parts of the population, especially indigenous and black communities. I explore how the uses of education for domination and making “docile bodies” remained as the core intent of the government in Brazil’s early Republic through the analysis of Manaus’ educational system. This facet of Manaus’ history provides information to understand the crucial role of Indigenous people in the rise of Manaus as a modern city in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Schools, orphanages, and “asylums” targeted the Indigenous peoples’ insertion in the city structure. Public instruction along with public health worked to shape Manaus’ population, adapting them to “civilization.” Manaus’ schools targeted mainly orphans; however, this category also comprised children removed from their homes and housed on a boarding basis in these institutions. The main institutions analyzed here are the House of Teaching Crafts and Orphan Asylum Elisa Souto which educated children to become laborers: the girls as domestics and the boys for all sorts of manual labor. However, oral histories present another facet of these institutions. Girls were often forced into sexual services for the elites. The governmental attempts to order Manaus’ spatial dynamics triggered a violent process of invisibilization of ethnic minorities, who, in turn, demonstrated agentive reactions to restrictive norms and reinvented their subjectivities.
This Tempest's Hers: Metropolitan Opera's The Enchanted Island and the Feminism of Bel Canto Shakespeare Adaptation

This essay looks at the Metropolitan Opera's The Enchanted Island as a revision of The Tempest that subverts the gender politics of Shakespeare's play. The theory of transgressive adaptation behind this reworking of Shakespeare identifies the music as much as the libretto as the site for potential interpretive freedom, and hinges, in particular, on the voices of divas Joyce DiDonato and Danielle de Niese to articulate their feminist interpretations of their characters and to claim the improvisational liberties that bel canto opera provides to singers in performance
Bilingualism in the Community: Code-switching and Grammars in Contact: by Rena Torres Cacoullos and Catherine E. Travis, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018

Since William Labov established quantitative sociolinguistics as a field of study in its own right, research into the nature and scope of linguistic variation has continued to expand its frontiers....
HACIENDO Y DESHACIENDO BALDÍOS: DINÁMICAS DE VALOR Y CONFLICTOS ENERGÉTICOS EN LA CATALUÑA SUR: MAKING AND UNMAKING WASTELANDS: VALUE DYNAMICS AND ENERGY CONFLICTS IN SOUTHERN CATALONIA

En el estado espanol, el desarrollo eolico ha seguido un modelo centralizado, concentrado en territorios rurales y de caracter extractivista. Esta ultima caracteristica se hace patente cuando observamos que la puesta en valor del recurso viento ha supuesto la construccion de los territorios de donde tal recurso es extraido como lo que llamo “baldios”, es decir, su definicion como carentes de valor. Este articulo examina la compleja dialectica entre desarrollo eolico y dinamicas de valor a partir de un estudio de caso situado en la Cataluna Sur, una region que concentra una variedad inopinada de infraestructuras energeticas. Mi descripcion, basada en un trabajo etnografico de larga duracion, explora los mecanismos a traves de los cuales la actividad de los promotores eolicos contribuye a abaratar material y discursivamente la region. Asimismo, argumento que la oposicion que historicamente ha emergido en la zona en contra del desarrollo eolico debe ser comprendida como una reaccion contra estas practicas. Esta resistencia, que tiende a articularse como una demanda de dignidad, persigue afirmar y preservar el valor de las estrategias reproductivas locales, orientandose a reproducir las condiciones objetivas y subjetivas que hacen tales estrategias posibles.
Explainable Predictions of Industrial Emissions

Predictive emission monitoring systems for gas turbines are important in the power generation industry. A key task in this context these systems is the prediction of flue gas emissions using process and environmental measurements that are easier to obtain. This paper presents methods for such predictions with an emphasis on explainability. A notable result is that despite the potential restrictions imposed by this emphasis, the numerical accuracy compares very favorably with prior work that uses models that are more difficult to explain.