cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Nonadherent HIV-Infected Children

OBJECTIVE:To determine the benefits of gastrostomy tube (G-tube) placement in HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).METHODS:Children who had a G-tube placed due to medication adminsitration difficulties were followed to determine changes in medication adherence and changes in laboratory parameters. Medication adherence and laboratory parameters were reviewed for three months prior to G-tube placement and then were followed for six months after G-tube placement. Viral RNA and CD4+ counts were assessed between the two time periods. Medication adherence was followed by review of pharmacy refill records and pill counts. Parents were surveyed about their opinion regarding the G-tube placement and medication administration in their children.RESULTS:Six children had G-tubes placed due to medication administration difficulties. The G-tube was tolerated in all six cases, although one child developed a staphylococcal infection 13 months after G-tube placement. Before G-tube pl...
The Golgi-resident protease Kex2 acts in conjunction with Prm1 to facilitate cell fusion during yeast mating

The molecular machines that mediate cell fusion are unknown. Previously, we identified a multispanning transmembrane protein, Prm1 (pheromone-regulated membrane protein 1), that acts during yeast mating (Heiman, M.G., and P. Walter. 2000. J. Cell Biol. 151:719-730). Without Prm1, a substantial fraction of mating pairs arrest with their plasma membranes tightly apposed yet unfused. In this study, we show that lack of the Golgi-resident protease Kex2 strongly enhances the cell fusion defect of Prm1-deficient mating pairs and causes a mild fusion defect in otherwise wild-type mating pairs. Lack of the Kex1 protease but not the Ste13 protease results in similar defects. Deltakex2 and Deltakex1 fusion defects were suppressed by osmotic support, a trait shared with mutants defective in cell wall remodeling. In contrast, other cell wall mutants do not enhance the Deltaprm1 fusion defect. Electron microscopy of Deltakex2-derived mating pairs revealed novel extracellular blebs at presumptive sites of fusion. Kex2 and Kex1 may promote cell fusion by proteolytically processing substrates that act in parallel to Prm1 as an alternative fusion machine, as cell wall components, or both.
Bayes Factors for Testing the Equality of Covariance Matrix Eigenvalues

We use the methods of McCulloch and Rossi (1992) to construct a Bayes Factor for the hypothesis of the equality of eigenvalues of a covariance matrix. If the smallest s eigenvalues of a covariance matrix are equal, then we can think of the p dimensional sample data as arising from a reduced rank model. Tests of this sort are often used to identify the number of components used in a Principal Components analysis. The Bayes Factor approach requires specification of prior distributions for both the restricted and unrestricted covariance matrices. The problem of specifying a prior distribution on the restricted covariance matrix is solved via a projection method. We exploit the duality between sufficient statistics and parameters in exponential families to use the restricted MLE as a projection device. We illustrate this method with simulated and actual data. Our real data example addresses the question of the number of factors underlying stock return data.
Stabilization of electrostatically actuated mechanical devices

We show that the pull-in instability, which significantly limits the operation of electrostatically actuated devices, can be avoided by the simple addition of a series capacitance.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Newer Fluoroquinolones

Newer fluoroquinolones currently under development have excellent pharmacokinetic profiles, and several parameters have been improved compared with those of their predecessors. These compounds are well absorbed, have large volumes of distribution, and distribute into most tissues at concentrations equal to or greater than those observed in serum. Moreover, these newer agents have long serum elimination half-lives that allow for once-daily dosing. With the exception of complexes with multivalent cations that retard absorption, there is a relative lack of clinically significant drug-drug interactions with these antimicrobials. Increased microbiological potency against several important pathogens, along with an enhanced pharmacokinetic profile, will make these newer fluoroquinolones preferrable over older compounds for the treatment of a variety of infections.
Gating of somatosensory input by human prefrontal cortex

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to median nerve stimulation were recorded in controls and in patients with focal lesions in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFCx). Unilateral PFCx lesions increased the amplitude of the P26 component generated in postcentral areas 1 and 2. The amplitudes of the N28, P45 and N67 SEP components recorded over post-rolandic and frontal electrodes were also enhanced by PFCx damage. In contrast, the N19 component generated in postcentral area 3b was unaffected by PFCx lesions. The results indicate that PFCx exerts inhibitory modulation on sensory processing that may be mediated by corticocortical PFCx-parietal connections.
The imaginary Kurdish museum: Ordinary Kurds, narrative nationalisms and collective memory

The aim of this article is to reflect on the role of Kurdish collective memory in the diaspora as it affirms Kurdishness and rejects the Turkish state’s hegemonic histories. Where can Kurdish families go to recognise their own heritage, reflect on their socio-cultural journeys, share experiences, or validate familial memories? Non-elite diaspora Kurds are asked to curate exhibits for an imagined Kurdish museum. The exhibit proposals explore how ideas and beliefs shape diasporic representations of Kurdishness and why the (in)visibility of Kurdish diaspora communities remains a pressing concern. Keywords : Kurdish diaspora; Kurdishness; identity; memory; nationalism. Muzexaneya xeyali ya kurdi: Kurden asayi, netewegeriyen dastani u bira cemaweri Ev gotar dikeve du nirxandina rola bira cemaweri ya kurdi li diyasporaye weku ew kurditiye pesend dike u versiyona diroke ya serdest a dewleta tirk red dike. Gelo malbaten kurd dikarin bere xwe bidine ki dere ji bo nasina mirasa xwe, ji bo ku li ser geren xwe yen civaki-kulturi bihizirin, ji bo tecrubeyen xwe par ve bikin, an ji bireweriyen xwe yen binemali tesdiq bikin? Ji kurden asayi yen li diyasporaye hatiye xwestin ku pesangehan racinin ji bo muzexaneyeke kurdi ya xeyali. Fikr u pesniyazen pesangehan nisan didin ka cawa fikr u baweri sikle temsilen diyasporaye yen kurditiye diyar dikin u ka cima (ne)diyariya cemaeten kurd en diyasporaye hej ji endiseyeke giring e. مۆزەخانەی خەیاڵی كوردی: كوردی ئاسایی، ناسیۆناڵیزمی داستانی و بیرەوەری جەماوەری ئەم گوتارە دەخوازێت لە سەر رۆڵی بیرەوەری جەماوەری كوردی لە تاراوگە بكۆڵێتەوە كە كورد بوون پەسەند دەكات و شێوازی مێژووی باڵادەستی دەوڵەتی توركیا رەد دەكاتەوە. بنەماڵە كوردەكان بۆ كوێ دەتوانن بڕۆن تاكوو میراتی خۆیان بناسنەوە، بیر لە سەفەرە كۆمەڵایەتی-كەلتووریەكانیان بكەنەوە، ئەزموونەكانیان بۆ یەك باس بكەن، یان بیرەوەری خێزانی خۆیان پەسەند بكەن؟ داوا لە كوردانی ئاسایی دەكرێت كە پێشانگا رێك بخەن بۆ مۆزەخانەی خەیاڵی كوردی. پێشنیازی كرنەوەی پێشانگا لەوە دەكۆڵێتەوە كە چۆن بیرۆكە و باوەڕ وێنای تاراوگەیی كورد بوون دروست دەكات و ھەر وەھا بۆچی (نا)دیار بوونی كۆمەڵگای تاروگەی كوردی ھەتا ئێستە جێگەی سەرنجە؟
From centrality to temporary fame: Dynamic centrality in complex networks: Research Articles

We develop a new approach to the study of the dynamics of link utilization in complex networks using records of communication in a large social network. Counter to the perspective that nodes have particular roles, we find roles change dramatically from day to day. “Local hubs” have a power law degree distribution over time, with no characteristic degree value. Our results imply a significant reinterpretation of the concept of node centrality in complex networks, and among other conclusions suggest that interventions targeting hubs will have significantly less effect than previously thought. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 59–63, 2006
Risk and Redistribution in Open and Closed Economies

A growing body of tax scholarship considers the interplay of taxation and risk in the domestic context. This article is the first attempt in the tax literature to analyze systematically the relationship between tax and risk in the international, or open economy, setting. I demonstrate how common tax instruments can result in certain jurisdictions disproportionately taxing a portion of the upside gains from successful risky investments, while other jurisdictions end up disproportionately bearing the costs associated with unsuccessful ones. This leads to a phenomenon that I call “divergence.” I provide formal specifications for divergence and then make a preliminary assessment of its magnitude. The distributive effects of divergence appear to be substantial, arguably on the same order of magnitude, from the U.S. perspective, as the nonmilitary foreign aid budget. I then turn to a normative critique of these distributive effects, based on conflicts with the jurisdictional entitlement to tax on the basis of source and with domestic policies regarding the subsidization of risky investment. Finally, I discuss possible responses, including a shift towards global formulary apportionment in transfer pricing and greater reliance on territorial over worldwide systems of taxation.
The Use of Transgenic Mice in Nutrition Research

The ability to generate transgenic mice that express exogenous genes, express genes in a tissue specific manner, or do not express an endogenous gene will dramatically impact nutritional studies. Use of transgenic animals will greatly expand the types of experiments that can be performed, for example, by permitting researchers to examine specific mechanisms underlying nutritional relationships. These studies can be viewed from two perspectives; the effect of nutrition in general or nutrients in specific on the regulation of gene expression; and conversely, the effects of gene expression upon nutrient utilization or other aspects of metabolism. In addition, transgenic animal models have been and can be established to characterize human pathologies, e.g., pituitary gigantism or atherosclerosis, and the roles and interactions of nutrition in these and other metabolic diseases may then be evaluated. The use of transgenic animals in nutrition research is new and quite fertile, and exciting results will continue to surface.
The Lived Experience of Young Widows and Widowers

ABSTRACTA phenomenological study was conducted to better understand the challenges faced by young widows and widowers. Nine young widows and three young widowers (n = 12) participated in a focus group and discussed their experiences after the loss of their spouse. Five major themes emerged from the focus group depicting their challenges: Death Experience; Family Dynamics; Coping; Family and Community Involvement; and Advice. The themes and sub-themes provide direction for family therapists treating young widows and widowers, and areas of future research to better understand and provide services to this vulnerable population.
Women’s Midlife Health reviewer acknowledgement 2015

The editor of Women’s Midlife Health would like to thank all of the reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 1 (2015).
Hemoglobin switching: new insights.

During the past year, many interesting advances have been made regarding molecular mechanisms controlling β-like globin gene switching. Throughout the β locus, cis-acting elements exist that are dynamically bound by trans-acting proteins, including transcription factors, coactivators, repressors, an
Gaze time as a sensitive measure of cocaine-related attentional bias

imum prescribed daily dose, and average daily equivalent dose received (total dose received per patient/number of days of treatment episode) for 8811 patients who had at least one dose of methadone in one of Wuhan’s 20 MMT programs in 2010. For patientswhohadoneormorenewtreatment episodesduring2010, we calculated initial methadone dose for new treatment episodes. Results: Over 1.3 million doses of methadone were administered to 8811patients. Patient characteristics at entry:mean age 41 years (SD 7.3); 70.6% male; 43.3% married; 73.2% live with family; 69.8%with ‘middle school’ or less education;modal age of first drug use 28 (SD 7.4) and mean duration of drug use 13.2 years (SD 5.5); 62.5% had injection drug use in the pastmonth. 74%wereHCVpositive and 0.28%wereHIV positive. 83% had only 1 treatment episode in 2010, 12.2% had 2 and 1.3% had 4 or more episodes within the year (range 1–7 episodes); 7% of treatment episodes lasted only one day. The modal maximum dose was 80mg of methadone per day, with themeanmaximumdoseof77mg(range5–235mg), anddaily equivalent dose per treatment episode was 39.6mg methadone (SD 24.1). For those who had a new treatment episode in 2010 (1475/8811), the mean starting dose for a new treatment episode was 65.5mg (SD 25.8). Conclusions: The rapid expansion of MMT in China has attracted a large number of admissions, but provision of safe and effective methadone dosages and optimizing treatment outcomes (e.g., retention) are identified as priority areas for improving treatment. Financial support: Supported by NIDA DA026797 & CMHC/DMHAS/State of Connecticut.
Secretion of 17-hydroxy-corticosterone by adrenal of hypophysectomized dog: effect of ACTH.

SummaryThe rate of secretion of 17-hydroxycorticosterone by the adrenal of the dog as determined by chromatographic analysis of adrenal venous blood reached a low and apparently constant level within 4 hours after hypophysectomy. Two minutes after intravenous ACTH injection in these animals; the rate of secretion was significantly increased.
Emergency treatment of chemical burns of the eye.

To provide the general practitioner, as well as the specialist with concise, readily available information on the latest, proved methods of treatment of conditions commonly encountered in an average practice, Postgraduate Medicine offers this department to its readers. It is not, of course, intended to present these discussions as the only acceptable therapeutic procedures to be used, but rather to offer simple regimens and recommendations based on the extensive experience of the physicians who prepared these summaries.
Experimental evaluation and field trial of low global warming potential R404A replacements for commercial refrigeration

R404A refrigerant is widely used for various refrigeration applications ranging from centralized refrigeration systems for supermarkets to transport refrigeration for truck/trailer. Various environmental regulations have been proposed in the United States and Europe that phase out the use of high global warming potential refrigerants like R404A (global warming potential = 3943) in these applications. This article presents an evaluation of two low global warming potential R404A replacements: A nonflammable refrigerant R448A with global warming potential of 1273 and a mildly flammable refrigerant R455A with global warming potential of 146. Tests carried out with a commercially available R404A self-contained freezer showed that the compressor run time of R448A and R455A are similar to R404A due to similar capacity. The 24-h energy consumption of the compressor is 9% lower for R448A and 6% lower for R455A compared to R404A. Tests were also performed with R448A in a commercially available walk-in freezer/coole...
Tropane and Granatane Alkaloid Biosynthesis: A Systematic Analysis

The tropane and granatane alkaloids belong to the larger pyrroline and piperidine classes of plant alkaloids, respectively. Their core structures share common moieties and their scattered distribution among angiosperms suggest that their biosynthesis may share common ancestry in some orders, while they may be independently derived in others. Tropane and granatane alkaloid diversity arises from the myriad modifications occurring to their core ring structures. Throughout much of human history, humans have cultivated tropane- and granatane-producing plants for their medicinal properties. This manuscript will discuss the diversity of their biological and ecological roles as well as what is known about the structural genes and enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis. In addition, modern approaches to producing some pharmaceutically important tropanes via metabolic engineering endeavors are discussed.
Predictive Modeling of US Winter Apparel Sales using Time Series Forecasting Method

Fashion and apparel sales have always been an interesting aspect of study due to the immense number of controllable and uncontrollable variables that contributes to the total sales. In order to develop a sound predictive model for forecasting apparel sales a lot of factors can be incorporated to enhance the results and minimize the forecast error. This paper will present a Time Series Forecasting model of US Apparel and accessories sales for the winter season. This model is generated to shed the light on the unexpected loss incurred by retailers for the winter season of 2015 by incorporating weather variation as an influencer on the sales. This paper is also going to discuss some important managerial approaches which empower firms to deal better with unforeseen variabilities.
From theory to practice: an evolutionary algorithm for the antenna placement problem

We give a short introduction to the results of our theoretical analysis of evolutionary algorithms. These results are used to design an algorithm for a large real-world problem: the placement of antennas for mobile radio networks. Our model for the antenna placement problem (APP) addresses cover, traffic demand, interference, different parameterized antenna types, and the geometrical structure of cells. The resulting optimization problem is constrained and multi-objective. The evolutionary algorithm derived from our theoretical analysis is capable of dealing with more than 700 candidate sites in the working area. The results show that the APP is tractable. The automatically generated designs enable experts to focus their efforts on the difficult parts of a network design problem.
Low-Income Children With Chronic Conditions Face Increased Costs If Shifted From CHIP To Marketplace Plans

More than eight million children risk having their health insurance coverage disrupted if federal funding for the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is not extended beyond 2017. In this stu...
Coordinated Power Management for the Integration of Active Distribution Networks with High PV Penetration into the Medium Voltage Grid

The power injected from large scale active distribution networks (ADN) with intermittent resources to the grid should be coordinated to support grid stability. The paper proposes power management strategies to counter-balance power fluctuations from ADN with high penetration level of photovoltaic (PV) and to supply ancillary services to the host medium voltage (MV) grid. This is achieved through two stages: offline optimization stage and coordinated control stage. In the first stage, the pattern of the power injected from the ADN to the grid was determined. In the second stage, a coordinated power management strategy was developed to support ancillary services to the hosting grid. The operation of the system was thoroughly investigated by designing the control loops for steady state and transient conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy was validated under different scenarios. The dynamics of the control loops were investigated using the PSCAD/EMTDC software package. The results showed the effectiveness of the coordinated control in supporting ancillary services to the host grid and limiting the power fluctuations at the grid side.
A General Approach to Network Configuration Verification

We present Minesweeper, a tool to verify that a network satisfies a wide range of intended properties such as reachability or isolation among nodes, waypointing, black holes, bounded path length, load-balancing, functional equivalence of two routers, and fault-tolerance. Minesweeper translates network configuration files into a logical formula that captures the stable states to which the network forwarding will converge as a result of interactions between routing protocols such as OSPF, BGP and static routes. It then combines the formula with constraints that describe the intended property. If the combined formula is satisfiable, there exists a stable state of the network in which the property does not hold. Otherwise, no stable state (if any) violates the property. We used Minesweeper to check four properties of 152 real networks from a large cloud provider. We found 120 violations, some of which are potentially serious security vulnerabilities. We also evaluated Minesweeper on synthetic benchmarks, and found that it can verify rich properties for networks with hundreds of routers in under five minutes. This performance is due to a suite of model-slicing and hoisting optimizations that we developed, which reduce runtime by over 460x for large networks.
The Five-Factor Model in the Philippines

The Five-Factor Model is a prominent exemplar of the trait psychology perspective, one of several theoretical perspectives in the study of personality across cultures. Research indicates that the trait psychology perspective provides a viable theoretical basis for understanding Filipino personality and behavior. Structure-oriented studies in the Philippines using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) indicate that the Five-Factor Model generalizes well to the Philippine context, particularly when targeted factor rotations are used. Indigenous dimensions, derived using lexical and inventory approaches, resemble, or overlap with, dimensions of the FFM and are not very culture-specific, but sometimes carve up the personality space somewhat differently. In a study of mean trait levels with the NEO-PI-R, hypotheses about average cultural differences between Filipinos and Americans derived from the literature converged well with the personality comparison judgments of 43 bicultural judges. However, the resulting predictions of average cultural differences received only limited or partial support in an examination of Filipino mean profiles on the NEO-PI-R, plotted using U.S. norms. These results highlighted the uncertain nature of direct score comparisons, and concerns about measurement equivalence, in investigations of mean differences in personality traits across cultures.
PMTDS: a computational method based on genetic interaction networks for Precision Medicine Target-Drug Selection in cancer

Precision medicine attempts to tailor the right therapy for the right patient. Recent progress in large-scale collection of patents’ tumor molecular profiles in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) provides a foundation for systematic discovery of potential drug targets specific to different types of cancer. However, we still lack powerful computational methods to effectively integrate multiple omics data and protein-protein interaction network technology for an optimum target and drug recommendation for an individual patient. In this study, a computation method, Precision Medicine Target Drug Selection (PMTDS) based on genetic interaction networks is developed to select the optimum targets and associated drugs for precision medicine style treatment of cancer. The PMTDS system includes three parts: a personalized medicine knowledgebase for each cancer type, a genetic interaction network-based algorithm and a single patient molecular profiles. The knowledgebase integrates cancer drugs, drug-target databases and gene biological pathway networks. The molecular profiles of each tumor consists of DNA copy number alteration, gene mutation, and tumor gene expression variation compared to its adjacent normal tissue. The novel integrated PMTDS system is applied to select candidate target-drug pairs for 178 TCGA pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors. The experiment results show known drug targets (EGFR, IGF1R, ERBB2, NR1I2 and AKR1B1) of PDAC treatment are identified, which provides important evidence of the PMTDS algorithm’s accuracy. Other potential targets PTK6, ATF, SYK are, also, recommended for PDAC. Further validation is provided by comparison of selected targets with, both, cell line molecular profiles from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and drug response data from the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP). Results from experimental analysis of forty six individual pancreatic cancer samples show that drugs selected by PMTDS have more sample-specific efficacy than the current clinical PDAC therapies. A novelty target and drug priority algorithm PMTDS is developed to identify optimum target-drug pairs by integrating the knowledgebase base with a single patient’s genomics. The PMTDS system provides an accurate and reliable source for target and off-label drug selection for precision cancer medicine.
Reasons Why College-Educated Women Change Employment

This paper examines selected employee turnover issues using data derived from a survey of graduates from a Midwestern women's college over a ten year period. As hypothesized, organizational commitment was positively related to job commitment, and employee commitment, defined as being composed of organizational and job commitment foci, was positively related to job satisfaction, supervisory support, and organizational career support. In general, the results show women were fairly similar to men in terms of why they change employment or in terms of what companies could have done to retain them.
Apparent-talker height is influenced by Mandarin lexical tone.

Apparent-talker height is determined by a talker's fundamental frequency (f0) and spectral information, typically indexed using formant frequencies (FFs). Barreda [(2017b). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141, 4781–4792] reports that the apparent height of a talker can be influenced by vowel-specific variation in the f0 or FFs of a sound. In this experiment, native speakers of Mandarin were presented with a series of syllables produced by talkers of different apparent heights. Results indicate that there is substantial variability in the estimated height of a single talker based on lexical tone, as well as the inherent f0 and FFs of vowel phonemes.
Effect of Carboxylate Ligands on Alkane Dehydrogenation with (dmPhebox)Ir Complexes

A series of carboxylate-ligated iridium complexes (dmPhebox)Ir(O2CR)2(H2O) (R = −CH3, −CH2CH3, −CMe3, −CH2C6H5, and −CH═CMe2) were designed and synthesized to understand the carboxylate ligand effects on the reactivity of the complex for alkane dehydrogenation. Kinetic studies showed that the different R groups of the carboxylate iridium complexes can affect the reactivity with octane in the β-H elimination step. The rate constants for octene formation with different carboxylate ligands follow the order R = −CH═CMe2 > −CMe3 > −CH2CH3 > −CH3 > −CH2C6H5. In contrast, there is no significant effect of carboxylate ligand on the rate of the C–H activation step at 160 °C. These experimental results support the findings in the previously reported density functional theory study of the (dmPhebox)Ir complex in alkane C–H activation.
Adaptación de Alumnos según estilos de Afrontamiento Individual al Primer año de la Carrera de Arquitectura: Estudio de caso

The challenge and contribution in this proposal is to apply, through self-report techniques, both a classification of the primary and secondary style of coping, in a context of group performance of first year students of the architecture degree at the University of Valparaiso, in the framework of self- regulation criteria and objectives promoted by the University through the Academic Division Unit.
The Three Faces of Self-Handicapping: Protective Self-Presentation, a Strategy for Self-Esteem Enhancement, and a Character Disorder

This paper focuses on the manner in which the concept of self-handicapping has evolved from its original form defined by Jones and Berglas (1978) and identified experimentally by Berglas and Jones (1978). Specifically, it will consider how modifications in the meaning of the term “self-handicapping” have developed as a result of replicating the Berglas and Jones paradigm (e.g. Kolditz and Arkin, 1982), extensions of this paradigm to experimental investigations of clinical phenomena (e.g., Tucker, Vuchinich, and Sobell, 1981), and empirical investigations of self-handicapping behavior employing experimental paradigms which differ significantly from Berglas and Jones (1978). The significance of each of these three paradigm shifts will be discussed along with an analysis of the potential benefits and liabilities which derive from extending the concept of self-handicapping beyond its original “range of convenience” (Kelly, 1955). An in-depth analysis of data obtained by researchers such as Arkin et al., Snyder et al., and Tucker et al., will be presented in an attempt to demonstrate how different research groups conduct experiments which, owing to their design, highlight only one of the three “faces” of self-handicapping behavior.
A Guide for Evaluating the Mathematics Programs Used by Special Education Teachers

A primary aim of mathematics programs is to accelerate the achievement of all students, including students with or at risk for learning disabilities (LD) in mathematics. Yet research suggests that ...
A Correlational Investigation of the Relationships Among Nutrition-Related Attitudes and Behavior, Body Mass, and Learning and Verbal Memory Performance in College Students

The present study investigated the potential relationship between eating attitudes, nutritional knowledge and learning and memory among a sample of college students. Participants completed self-report measures of nutrition-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes. The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-2) was used to assess verbal learning and memory performance. Results indicated that poor nutrition-related behavior tended to interfere with learning, as assessed by parametric correlation analyses. Problematic eating behaviors such as excessive dieting and oral control were associated with less efficient verbal learning. Although the relationship between participants’ total learning scores and overall index of nutrition did not reach statistical significance, the findings indicate that the intermediary components of learning are related to self-report measures of eating attitudes and nutritional knowledge. The implications of these findings along with future directions are discussed.
Determination of 5-Log Reduction Times for Food Pathogens in Acidified Cucumbers during Storage at 10 and 25°C†‡

Outbreaks of acid-resistant foodborne pathogens in acid foods with pH values below 4.0, including apple cider and orange juice, have raised concerns about the safety of acidified vegetable products. For acidified vegetable products with pH values between 3.3 and 4.6, previous research has demonstrated that thermal treatments are needed to achieve a 5-log reduction in the numbers of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, or Salmonella enterica. For some acidified vegetable products with a pH of 3.3 or below, heat processing can result in unacceptable product quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the holding times needed to achieve a 5-log reduction in E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica strains in acidified vegetable products with acetic acid as the primary acidulant, a pH of 3.3 or below, and a minimum equilibrated temperature of 10 degrees C. We found E. coli O157:H7 to be the most acid-resistant microorganism for the conditions tested, with a predicted time to achieve a 5-log reduction in cell numbers at 10 degrees C of 5.7 days, compared with 2.1 days (51 h) for Salmonella or 0.5 days (11.2 h) for Listeria. At 25 degrees C, the E. coli O157:H7 population achieved a 5-log reduction in 1.4 days (34.3 h).
Daily Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Consumption for 42 Days Differentially Modulates Metabolism and Inflammation in Lean and Obese Individuals

Excess weight and body fat increase the risk of developing multiple medical conditions, including Type 2 Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, which pose major threats to public health. Di...
Solution to the 50-year-old Okazaki-fragment problem

The antiparallel structure of double-stranded DNA, together with the known 5′→3′ directionality of DNA polymerases, necessitates that the two DNA strands are replicated in opposite directions. The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the replication fork, whereas the lagging strand is replicated in the opposite direction. In a 1968 paper in PNAS, Reiji and Tsuneko Okazaki and colleagues (1) proposed that the lagging strand is replicated discontinuously in the form of small fragments that subsequently are matured into one continuous strand. A review of the current state of molecular biology published that year (2) named these small fragments “Okazaki fragments,” as they have been called since. The seminal studies of Okazaki et al. (1) generated the textbook model of the semidiscontinuous replication fork, with a continuous leading strand and a discontinuous lagging strand. However, their original experimental results were not in accord with this model, and their studies suggested that all nascent DNA fragments are small. Was the leading strand also synthesized discontinuously, as was depicted in figure 1 of ref. 1 (Fig. 1 C )? Fifty years after the landmark paper, this question has been answered by Cronan et al. (3), who show that the leading strand is indeed replicated continuously. However, this strand is fragmented due to ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) (4, 5). RER removes genomic ribonucleotides that are erroneously inserted by replicative DNA polymerases (Fig. 2 A ). Fig. 1. ( A – D ) Models for the possible structure and reaction in the replicating region of DNA. Reprinted with permission from ref. 1. Fig. 2. ( A ) DNA incision intermediates in the BER of a damaged or unnatural base (X), or the RER of a genomic ribonucleotide. Only repair on the leading strand, which leads to its fragmentation, is shown. ( B ) Size distribution, in a formamide-urea-sucrose gradient, of single-stranded replication intermediates. … [↵][1]1Email: burgers{at}wustl.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Medical Risk and Resilience in Adolescents and Young Adults With Epilepsy: The Role of Self-Management Self-Efficacy.

OBJECTIVE Medical factors that put adolescents and young adults (AYA) with epilepsy at risk for poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are well-established. Less known is whether medical risk is associated with decreases in global psychological well-being and how self-management self-efficacy might contribute to resilience. The current study seeks to (a) examine the relationship between medical risk and both HRQOL and psychological well-being in AYA with epilepsy and (b) investigate the potential moderating role of self-management self-efficacy. METHODS A sample of 180 AYA with epilepsy, aged 13-24 years, was recruited from clinic and community settings and completed questionnaires. A medical risk gradient composed of seizure frequency, antiepileptic drugs, and other health problems was created. HRQOL, psychological well-being, and self-management self-efficacy were assessed. RESULTS Medical risk was negatively associated with HRQOL, such that youth with greater risk scores reported lower HRQOL (r = -0.35, p < .01). However, there was no significant relationship between medical risk and psychological well-being (r = -0.08, p = .31). Self-efficacy was positively correlated with HRQOL and well-being (r = 0.50, p < .01; r = 0.48, p < .01). A moderation effect was detected, such that the positive effect of self-efficacy on HRQOL differed across medical risk levels. IMPLICATIONS Cultivating psychological strengths, as opposed to solely addressing medical problems, may be a promising intervention target when treating AYA with epilepsy, including those navigating healthcare transitions. Self-efficacy predicted HRQOL at most levels of risk, suggesting an important modifiable intrinsic factor that may promote resilience.
Cathodic Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis Using Anthraquinone Modified Carbon Nitride on Gas Diffusion Electrode

Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and water can be a cost-effective and energy-efficient alternative to the traditional approach which requires high energy input and expens...
Fingerprinting Anomalous Computation with RNN for GPU-accelerated HPC Machines*

This paper presents a workload classification framework that discriminates illicit computation from authorized workloads on GPU-accelerated HPC systems. As such heterogeneous systems become more powerful, they are potentially exploited by attackers to run malicious and for-profit programs that typically require extremely high computing capability to be successful. Our classification framework leverages the distinctive signatures between illicit and authorized workloads, and explore machine learning methods to learn the workloads and classify them. The framework uses lightweight, non-intrusive workload profiling to collect model input data, and explores multiple machine learning methods, particularly recurrent neural network (RNN) that is suitable for online anomalous workload detection. Evaluation results on three generations of GPU machines demonstrate that the workload classification framework can figure out the illicit unauthorized workloads with a high accuracy of over 95%. The collected dataset, detection framework, and neural network models will be released on github.
22.4 A 32Gb/s Digital-Intensive Single-Ended PAM-4 Transceiver for High-Speed Memory Interfaces Featuring a 2-Tap Time-Based Decision Feedback Equalizer and an In-Situ Channel-Loss Monitor

Single-ended transceivers that can deliver high-data rates at reduced supply voltages are required to meet the ever-growing demands of future memory interfaces. The performance of conventional non-return-to-zero (NRZ) links is usually limited by inter-symbol-interference (ISI) noise caused by high channel losses. Alternative schemes such as duobinary [1], three or four level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-3, PAM-4) [2], and multi-band signaling [3] were proposed to increase bandwidth efficiency. In particular, PAM-4 signaling utilizes four signal levels to send 2b per unit interval, at the expense of complex TX and RX circuits resulting in higher power consumption and larger chip area. While this approach has been gaining popularity for ultra-high speed (>50Gb/s) links, a more compact implementation is needed for memory interface applications. In this paper, we propose a digital-intensive PAM-4 receiver targeted at memory interfaces; time-based circuits are used for the decision feedback equalization (DFE). Unlike traditional current-mode logic, time-based circuits can be realized using inverters and programmable loads, making them ideally-suited for low-voltage energy-efficient memory interfaces.
The religious and spiritual beliefs and practices of MSW program leaders across the United States

This paper describes a national survey of Master of Social Work (MSW) program leaders’ religious and spiritual beliefs and practices across the United States. Of the 257 eligible MSW programs prima...
Nanocrystalline and Polycrystalline β-Ga2O3 Thin Films for Deep Ultraviolet Detectors

The wide band gap and high breakdown field of β-Ga2O3 single crystals and thin films have recently attracted considerable attention not only for high-power applications, fabricating devices such as...
Snowpack and firn densification in the Energy Exascale EarthSystem Model (E3SM) (version 1.2)

Abstract. Earth's largest island, Greenland, and the Antarctic continent are both covered by massive ice sheets. A large fraction of their surfaces consist of multi-year snow, known as firn, which has undergone a process of densification since falling from the atmosphere. Until now this firn densification has not been fully accounted for in the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). Here, we expand the E3SM Land Model (ELM) snowpack from 1 m to up to 60 m to enable more accurate simulation of snowpack evolution. We test four densification models in a series of century-scale land surface simulations forced by atmospheric re-analyses, and evaluate these parameterizations against empirical density-versus-depth data. To tailor candidate densification models for use across the ice sheets' dry-snow zones, we optimize parameters using a regularized least squares algorithm applied to two distinct stages of densification. We find that a dynamic implementation of a semi-empirical compaction model, originally calibrated to measurements from the Antarctic peninsula, gives results more consistent with ice core measurements from the cold, dry snow zones of Greenland and Antarctica, compared to when using the original ELM snow compaction physics. In its latest release, the Community Land Model (CLM) (version 5) provides updated snow compaction physics that we test in ELM, resulting in top 10 m firn densities that are in better agreement with observations than densities simulated with the semi-empirical model. Below 10 m, however, the semi-empirical model gives results that more closely match observations, while the current CLM(v5) compaction physics predict firn densities that increase too slowly with depth and are thus unable to simulate pore close off (a phenomenon of particular interest to paleoclimate studies). Because snow and firn density play roles in snowpack albedo, liquid water storage, and ice sheet surface mass balance, these improvements will contribute to broader E3SM efforts to simulate the response of land ice to atmospheric forcing and the resulting impacts on global sea level.
Quantifying the Traffic Impacts of the COVID-19 Shutdown

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly disrupted transportation and travel patterns across the US and around the world. A significant driving factor in the significan...
Implementation of clinical practice guidelines for low back pain: A case control cohort study of knowledge translation in a multi-site healthcare organization

RATIONALE The benefits of clinical practice guideline (CPG) adoption for the management of patients with back pain are well documented. However, the gap between knowledge creation and implementation remains wide with few studies documenting the iterative process of comprehensive implementation in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to improve adherent physical therapy care according to CPG's for low back pain and describe the knowledge to action (K2A) process used in a rural healthcare organization. METHODS A prospective case control cohort design was used to evaluate physical therapy provider practice changes during an 18 month intervention. Four clinical sites were selected, two of which received multifaceted educational and process interventions tailored to feedback from ongoing K2A cycle outcomes. Overall program assessment included monthly charge code reports for adherence and a pre-post survey of confidence for guideline use. Pragmatic Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance (RE-AIM) criteria were used to complete the process evaluation. RESULTS A significant difference (p < 0.001, mean difference 13.5, CI [8.5,18.5]) for charge code adherence favoured education site-1 over control site-2 after implementation. Adherence scores remained above target at both education sites 18 months after implementation. Survey differences were significant for confidence scores at education sites in use of the cognitive behavioural category, overall treatment category use and guideline communication. Process evaluation supported multifaceted interventions tailored to education sites with average cost measured by staff education time of 15.5 h per therapist trained. CONCLUSION This study extends the literature of guideline implementation by describing the unique cycles required for promoting provider behaviour change within a rural healthcare system. Adherence and confidence results suggest increased provider CPG use which was supported by the process evaluation. This study demonstrates the importance of multiple site comparisons, long-term reporting and standardized frameworks for assessment of real-world CPG implementation.
Analyzing Context by Design: Engineering Education Reform via Social-Technical Integration

This chapter describes and analyzes one model of engineering education reform aimed at enhancing students’ ability to engage wide-ranging contexts of engineering work. Rensselaer’s Programs in Design and Innovation (PDI) use a dual-major strategy to engage engineering students in contextual analysis in a way that is continual and dynamic. The chapter summarizes PDI’s approach, assesses its significance, and identifies its limitations. The bulk of the chapter is dedicated to characterizing PDI’s approach, first by reviewing its curricular structure and then by describing some of the didactical strategies used in its core courses. Next, PDI’s achievements are assessed in terms of how they work to transform students’ experiences with engineering education in a way that enhances their ability (and willingness) to engage contextual matters. Finally, prominent limitations of PDI are identified.
The beta c component of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/interleukin 3 (IL-3)/IL-5 receptor interacts with a hybrid GM-CSF/erythropoietin receptor to influence proliferation and beta-globin mRNA expression.

The interaction of different members of the hematopoietic growth factor receptor family may be relevant to the increased proliferation and the failure of differentiation that characterizes the myeloid leukemias. We recently demonstrated that a chimeric receptor (GMER) that is composed of the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor α-chain (GMRα) and the cytoplasmic domain of the murine erythropoietin receptor mEpoR binds hGM-CSF with low affinity (3 nM) and confers both proliferative and differentiation signals to stably transfected murine Ba/F3 cells. To investigate whether the common β-subunit of the GM-CSF receptor (βc) can interact with GMER, either the entire β-subunit or a mutant, truncated β-subunit that completely lacks the cytoplasmic domain (βtr) was introduced into Ba/F3 cells that express GMER, and the binding of GM-CSF as well as proliferation and differentiation responses were measured. Scatchard analysis showed that both GMER + βc and GMER + βtr bound hGM-CSF with high affinity (Kd 40 pM to 65 pM). Proliferation assays showed that the maximum growth of cells expressing GMER + βc was identical to that of cells with GMER alone. However, proliferation of the cells that expressed GMER + βtr was reduced by 80–95% of GMER. Dose-response curves showed that the concentration of GM-CSF required for half-maximal growth was 0.5–5.0 pM for GMER + βc and 0.5–5 nM for GMER and GMER + βtr. The EpoR cytoplasmic domain of GMER also undergoes ligand-inducible tyrosine phosphorylation. However, the tyrosine phosphorylation did not correlate with growth in cells expressing βtr. Coexpression of βc with GMER in Ba/F3 cells grown in hGM-CSF markedly enhanced β-globin mRNA expression. These results indicate that βc can transduce a unique signal in association with GMER to influence both proliferative and differentiation signal pathways.