cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women's Health Curricula in Internal Medicine Residency Programs: A Scoping Review.

Background: Despite national efforts to expand women's health education, internal medicine (IM) residents remain unprepared to provide comprehensive care to women. The objectives of this scoping review are to provide an overview of published women's health curricula in IM residency programs and to identify potential areas for improvement. Materials and Methods: Studies were identified using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Web of Science, and MedEdPORTAL. Inclusion criteria included the following: (1) women's health as defined by the authors (2) description of a curriculum (3) designed for IM residents (4) based in North America, and (5) published between 1998 and 2018. Data abstracted included content, educational and assessment methods, and quality. Descriptive analysis was used to compare data. Results: Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The most common women's health topics were intimate partner violence (31%) and menopause (31%). Twelve curricula (75%) were implemented in the outpatient setting. Of the teaching methods, didactics (69%) and in-clinic teaching (44%) were most commonly used. All studies that assessed attitudes, knowledge, and/or behavior showed an improvement post-intervention. No studies evaluated patient outcomes. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first review summarizing published women's health curricula in IM residency. There were a limited number of published articles describing women's health curricula. Although content varied, the curricula were effective in improving attitudes, knowledge, and/or behavior with regard to women's health topics. We encourage IM residency programs to develop and disseminate women's health curricula to inform future improvements and advancements in women's health education.
A rare case of near-haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Near-haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia is seen in 50) has a good prognosis. The correct diagnosis was critical for this patient's prognosis and treatment. The patient achieved remission after a bone marrow transplant from a 10/10 HLA matched sibling donor. He relapsed six months later and expired seven months later. This case illustrates the need for careful standard and molecular cytogenetic analysis for accurate diagnosis and treatment for this rare type of ALL.
Ambient Intelligence Applications in Architecture: Factors Affecting Adoption Decisions

Ambient Intelligent systems enabled by recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, offer new mechanisms for data-driven decision making in architectural design. Understanding why architects are willing to adopt these systems and what factors affect their decisions is a critical first step towards assessing the viability and informing the design of these systems. We develop and contextualize a theoretical model that examines the impact of architects’ perceptions of value and risk associated with ambient intelligence (AmI) on their intention to adopt these systems during the design phase. The model also examines the role that commitment to learning about AmI and commitment to collaboration with IT professionals play in mediating such impacts. We validate the model via a field survey of architects across the North America. Our findings indicate that both perceived value and perceived risk play varying roles in adopting AmI and that commitment to learning and commitment to collaboration each acts as a mediator between architects’ perceptions and their behavioral intentions. This study presents an attempt to examine the slow adoption rate of AmI in architectural design and thus offers a path to future theoretical developments and practical insights into AmI application design in architecture.
An Examination of Physical Processes That Trigger the Albedo-Feedback on Glacier Surfaces and Implications for Regional Glacier Mass Balance Across High Mountain Asia

Due to their high sensitivity to changes in climate, glaciers are one of the best natural indicators of climate change. Despite this, many underlying processes that control glacier response to climate change are poorly understood. One potentially important set of such processes are feedback mechanisms that can amplify or dampen glacier melt in response to a change in climate. Though feedbacks are recognized as important processes affecting glacier mass balances, little has been done to systematically quantify their effects. This study develops a surface energy and mass balance model to quantify the contribution of the albedo-feedback to glacier mass balance. Specifically, we quantify the roles of three trigger processes that initiate the albedo-feedback: snowpack thickness, snowfall event frequency, and heat flux supplied by precipitation. The model follows common energy balance methods but includes “switches” to turn these trigger processes off. The model is applied to Chhota Shigri Glacier using meteorological inputs from three different climate regions in High Mountain Asia (HMA). The results show that up to 80% of the average glacier melt increase from a +1°C temperature change can be attributed to the albedo-feedback. Furthermore, the system gain due to the albedo-feedback depends most on snowfall event frequency and the availability of incoming shortwave radiation during the melt season, and are thus generally largest in summer accumulation settings of HMA. This sensitivity to snowfall timing and frequency results in system gains being highest near the equilibrium line altitude, where a small change in temperature can shift precipitation phase from snow to rain. Regional analysis using climatological estimates suggests that many glaciers in the monsoonal Himalayas and southern Tibetan Plateau are likely to exhibit particularly strong albedo feedbacks. These results contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting that the mass balance of summer-accumulation type glaciers is strongly controlled by summer snowfall amount and frequency, which is closely linked with changes in air temperature. It also highlights the significance of the albedo feedback on glacier mass balance and the need to further explore feedbacks associated with glacier surface processes.
Upper critical magnetic field of LnOFBiS2 (Ln = La, Nd) superconductors at ambient and high pressure

The upper critical fields H c2 of polycrystalline samples of LnOFBiS2 (Ln = La, Nd) at ambient pressure (tetragonal structure) and high pressure (HP) (monoclinic structure) have been investigated via electrical resistivity measurements at various magnetic fields up to 8.5 T. The H c2(T) curves for all the samples show an uncharacteristic concave upward curvature at temperatures below T c , which cannot be described by the conventional one-band Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory. For the LaOFBiS2 sample under HP, as temperature is decreased, the upper critical field H onset, estimated from the onset of the superconducting transitions, increases slowly between 4.9 and 5.8 T compared with the slope of H onset(T) below 4.9 T and above 5.8 T. This anomalous behavior reveals a remarkable similarity in superconductivity between LaOFBiS2 samples measured under HP and synthesized under HP, although the crystal structures of the two samples were reported to be different. A reasonable explanation is that local atomic environment, which can be tuned by applying external pressure, is essential to the enhancement of T c for BiS2-based superconductors. On the other hand, such anomalous behavior is very subtle in the case of NdOFBiS2 under HP, suggesting that the anisotropy of the upper critical field in the ab-plane and the possible lattice deformation induced by external pressure is weak. This explains why the pressure-induced enhancement of T c for NdOFBiS2 is not as large as that for LaOFBiS2.
Clinical perspectives of isoniazid-induced liver injury

Abstract Isoniazid (INH) is a synthetic anti-mycobacterial agent used to treat active or latent tuberculosis (TB). INH has been in clinical use for nearly 70 years and remains broadly utilized at the front line of anti-TB treatment. However, the potential for liver damage and even fulminant liver failure during INH-based TB treatment presents a major challenge for TB control programs worldwide. In this review, we discuss the hepatotoxic effects of INH and provide an overview of the mechanisms and their applications in prediction and prevention of INH hepatotoxicity in clinical practice.
Classical CD4 T cells as the cornerstone of antimycobacterial immunity

Tuberculosis is a significant health problem without an effective vaccine to combat it. A thorough understanding of the immune response and correlates of protection is needed to develop a more efficient vaccine. The immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is complex and involves all aspects of the immune system, however, the optimal protective, non-pathogenic T cell response against Mtb is still elusive. This review will focus on discussing CD4 T cell immunity against mycobacteria and its importance in Mtb infection with a primary focus on human studies. We will in particular discuss the large heterogeneity of immune cell subsets that have been revealed by recent immunological investigations at an unprecedented level of detail. These studies have identified specific classical CD4 T cell subsets important for immune responses against Mtb in various states of infection. We further discuss the functional attributes that have been linked to the various subsets such as upregulation of activation markers and cytokine production. Another important topic to be considered is the antigenic targets of Mtb-specific immune responses, and how antigen reactivity is influenced by both disease state and environmental exposure(s). These are key points for both vaccines and immune diagnostics development. Ultimately, these factors are holistically considered in the definition and investigations of what are the correlates on protection and resolution of disease.
Anticipated User Equity Impacts of a Proposed Transportation Infrastructure Finance Legislation: Case Study in Indiana

AbstractState and city governments in the United States continue to emphasize user equity in all transportation policy areas, including project evaluation, finance, and operations. In 2016, the Sta...
Initial Characterization of a Luteal Growth Factor for Ovarian Mesothelial Cells

The ovarian surface epithelium is a modified mesothelial tissue which undergoes species-dependent morphogenetic events throughout life (1,2). The mechanisms regulating such events are poorly understood in spite of the relevance of this tissue in reproduction and cancer (3,4). We have postulated that ovarian mesothelial cells may be influenced by underlying growth signals based on the observation of highly polarized DNA synthesis and morphogenesis in the postovulatory rabbit ovary (5). In the present study, we report on the isolation, biological activity and initial characterization of a recently discovered intraluteal growth factor for rabbit ovarian mesothelial cells (6).
Food and the Status Quest: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Food and the Status Quest: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Polly Wiessner and Wulf Schiefenhovel. eds. Providence, RI: Berghahn Books, 1996. 294 pp.
A new weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model for oxy-combustion scenarios

SUMMARY A new weighted-sum-of-gray gases (WSGG) model that is based on the statistical narrow band model (SNB) RADCAL is proposed for use in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of air and oxy-combustion. When employed in conjunction with the discrete ordinates (DO) method, the model predictions compare well against line-by-line benchmark data that have been made available recently that are based on the latest spectroscopic databases. Furthermore, the model compares well against the EM2C SNB model calculations that have served as benchmark data in three-dimensional geometries. Radiative transfer calculations in these prototypical problems therefore confirm recent experimental observations that SNB RADCAL and EM2C SNB serve as good model databases to develop approximate radiative property models. To achieve an optimum balance of speed and accuracy in computationally intensive CFD simulations, non-gray formulations of the WSGG model are also employed with the P1 model and solutions are compared against those generated by the DO model. While the P1 model gave favorable comparisons when cold, black walls were present, the errors in the surface incident radiative flux predictions increased in the presence of hot, reflecting walls. Finally, in fully coupled simulations of natural gas combustion under air-firing and oxy-firing modes, the predicted incident radiative flux profiles were distinctly different between the gray and non-gray calculations at regions of high temperature gradients, while the centerline temperature predictions were comparatively unaffected. The effects of turbulence radiation interactions were also accounted for through the temperature self-correlation term. However, the magnitudes of the temperature fluctuations were small and localized within this furnace and did not significantly alter our predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential amplification of antagonistic receptor pathways in neutrophils

In human neutrophils approximately 500 ligand-occupied beta-adrenergic receptors almost completely inhibit the superoxide production generated by at least 50,000 formyl peptide receptors, suggesting a massive amplification of the inhibitory receptor signals. We estimated two stages of amplification. In the first stage, we quantitated the ligand-dependent GTPase activities. For the formyl peptide receptor, the number of phosphates released from GTP in the presence of the saturating ligand is relatively modest, i.e. approximately 1/min/receptor, even though there are approximately 200 Gn (Gi type II) proteins/formyl peptide receptor in neutrophil membranes. In contrast, the number of GTPs cleaved in the presence of a beta-adrenergic agonist is approximately 100/min/beta-adrenergic receptor, and there are about 700 Gs/beta-adrenergic receptor in membranes. Thus the signal of the beta-adrenergic receptor is already massively amplified at the G protein, whereas the signal of the formyl peptide receptor is likely to be amplified at subsequent steps. New kinetic evidence from intact cells and biochemical evidence from permeabilized cells is provided that the second messenger of the inhibitory pathway is cAMP. To estimate the amplification of this step, we determined the cAMP concentration necessary to maximally inhibit superoxide anion production of formyl peptide-stimulated electropermeabilized cells, and we compare these concentrations to previously determined values of cAMP production in neutrophils. We conclude that each receptor may generate up to 10,000 molecules of cAMP.
Free vibration analysis of spinning flexible space structures

Efficient computation of natural frequencies and associated free vibration modes of spinning flexible structures is required to accurately determine the nature of interaction between the flexible structure and the attitude control system, which is vital in relating control torques to attitude angles. While structural discretization is effected by the finite element method, the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved by a combined Sturm sequence and inverse iteration procedure that yields a few specified roots and associated vectors. An eigenvalue procedure, based on a simultaneous iteration technique, provides efficient computation of the first few roots and vectors; a modal synthesis procedure proves to be useful for eigenproblem solutions of unusual structures such as spacecraft.
Extended Range Forecasting

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the various aspects of the extended range forecasting. The variability of the atmospheric circulation on a global scale appears to be subtle and complex, and yet a large portion of it may be predictable for quite a long period of time. One approach to extended range forecasting is simply to integrate the differential equations of a general circulation model (GCM) in time, using a small time step, and to project the solutions to 10 days, 1 month, and 1 season ahead or beyond. There is a considerable contribution from the nonlinear transfer of temperature and vorticity due to the transient eddies to the low-pass variance in the key regions. In general, the global circulation patterns are a consequence of internal atmospheric dynamics and external boundary forcings. The former is represented by teleconnection characteristics and baroclinicity. There is an increasing amount of evidence to indicate that internal dynamics are indeed essential for the simulation of variability on a monthly time scale.
Concluding Remarks-Theory

A summary may attempt to weave threads of the debate into a well ordered tapestry, as Bruce Partridge has so elegantly done for the experimental side. I shall instead play the role of agitator, emphasizing points of controversy for the purpose of stimulating action on the theoretical front.
A barometric method for measuring ventilation in newborn infants.

A barometric method for measurement of ventilation of newborn infants is described. Experiments with cats are reported to show the degree of accuracy obtainable at present. The variation from standard methods was found to average±1 per cent. Minute volume, frequency, and tidal volume of premature infants measured by the barometric method are within the range of such measurements made by plethysmographic methods. The barometric principle deserves further study since it offers the possibility of securing ventilation data with a minimum disturbance to the infant.
Re‐evaluating the relationship between electoral rules and ideological congruence

Two new studies challenge the prevailing consensus that proportional representation (PR) systems produce greater ideological congruence between governments and their citizens than majoritarian ones. This has led to what has become known as the �ideological congruence controversy�. G. Bingham Powell claims to resolve this controversy in favour of PR systems. Specifically, he argues that the results from the two new studies are based on an anomalous decade and that PR systems generally do produce greater government congruence. In addition, he also asserts that PR systems exhibit less variability in government congruence. In this article, the empirical evidence for these two claims is re-evaluated using exactly the same data as employed by Powell. The analysis indicates that although PR systems produce better and more consistent representation in the legislature, they do not hold an advantage when it comes to representation at the governmental level.
Driving While Different: A Potential Theoretical Explanation for Race-Based Policing:

During the first 6 months of 2001, the Wichita (Kansas) Police Department collected information on 37,454 stops conducted by its employees. The initial analysis of these data indicates a substantial disparity between the proportions of Black residents (11.4%) and Black citizens stopped (20.7%). A subsequent analysis of the data, conducted at the patrol beat level, indicates that (a) moderate to high correlations exist between the race of individuals stopped and the predominant racial representation of the beat; (b) officer deployment is influenced by the crime rate and population of the beats; (c) the predominate race of the beat does not affect the level of officer deployment; (d) in beats predominately populated by non-Black residents, stops involving Black citizens are over represented (proportionally); and (e) in beats predominately populated by Black residents, stops involving non-Black citizens are over represented (proportionally). A potential theoretical explanation for race-based policing is offered.
Coordinated Movement of RACK1 with Activated βIIPKC

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes move upon activation from one intracellular site to another. PKC-binding proteins, such as receptors for activated C kinase (RACKs), play an important role in regulating the localization and diverse functions of PKC isozymes. RACK1, the receptor for activated βIIPKC, determines the localization and functional activity of βIIPKC. However, the mechanism by which RACK1 localizes activated βIIPKC is not known. Here, we provide evidence that the intracellular localization of RACK1 changes in response to PKC activation. In Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the dopamine D2L receptor and in NG108-15 cells, PKC activation by either phorbol ester or a dopamine D2 receptor agonist caused the movement of RACK1. Moreover, PKC activation resulted in the in situ association and movement of RACK1 and βIIPKC to the same intracellular sites. Time course studies indicate that PKC activation induces the association of the two proteins prior to their co-movement. We further show that association of RACK1 and βIIPKC is required for the movement of both proteins. Our results suggest that RACK1 is a PKC shuttling protein that moves βIIPKC from one intracellular site to another.
On the power efficient resource allocation for the overloaded multipath CDMA systems

A comparison of the optimal power allocation for a Gaussian vector channel subject to sum power constraint under water filling principle and inverse eigenvalue problem is given. We focus on the overloaded multipath DS - CDMA systems when the channel information is known at both transmitter and receiver. We generalize the sum of power constraint for each cell by considering p-norm matrices, and we provide numerical and graphical results for an overloaded CDMA cell in the presence and the absence of the multipath fading.
Tumor promoter enhances mitogenesis by PDGF with little effect on PDGF binding

Preincubation of Swiss 3T3 cells with the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at 37 degrees C is observed to cause only a small (approximately 10%) decrease in maximal binding of 125I-platelet-derived growth factor (125I-PDGF), and does not affect the affinity of 125I-PDGF binding to these cells. Under the same conditions, the affinity of the epidermal growth factor receptor is greatly reduced, possibly resulting from phosphorylation by protein kinase C. TPA is also shown to have no effect on the kinetics of internalization or degradation of bound 125I-PDGF. Although TPA has little or no effect on these properties of the PDGF receptor, it was found to act in a synergistic fashion with low, but not high, concentrations of PDGF to increase DNA synthesis by 3T3 cells. Since TPA has previously been shown to activate protein kinase C, these findings suggest that protein kinase C does not regulate the ligand-binding properties of the PDGF receptor, and that the observed synergism between TPA and PDGF in stimulating mitogenesis reflects effects of TPA on other processes in the mitogenic pathway.
US state- and county-level social capital in relation to obesity and physical inactivity: A multilevel, multivariable analysis

Although social capital has been linked to a variety of health outcomes, its association with obesity has yet to be elucidated. This study explored the relations between social capital measured at the US state and county levels and individual obesity and leisure-time physical inactivity. Individual-level data were drawn from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, while data from other surveys and administrative sources were used to construct contextual measures. Two state-level social capital scales were derived from 10 indicators and two county-level scales from five indicators. In 2-level analyses of over 167,000 adults nested within 48 states plus the District of Columbia, residence in a state above the median on one or both state social capital scales (vs. neither scale) was associated with lower relative odds of obesity and physical inactivity, controlling for individual-level covariables and state-level estimates of mean household income, the Gini coefficient, and the percentage of Black residents. In 3-level analyses, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for physical inactivity associated with residence in a county above the median on one or both county social capital scales was significantly below 1, while the association with obesity was not significant. Significantly weaker inverse ORs for the relations between state- and county-level social capital and obesity were observed among American Indians/Alaska Natives compared to Whites. Meanwhile, little support was found for mediation by social capital of the associations of urban sprawl and income inequality with obesity or physical inactivity. Overall, this study provides some evidence for the promotion of social capital as a potential strategy for addressing the burgeoning obesity epidemic.
Effects of castration on the bone structure of male rats: A model of osteoporosis

Forty young (23-day-old) and thirty old (1-year-old) male rats were castrated and sacrificed with controls at intervals up to 18 months of age. No differences were observed between femurs or mandibles of rats castrated at 23 days and those of controls. Year-old castrate rats developed femoral osteoporosis after 2 months, which became more pronounced 4 months after castration. This was characterized by reductions in femoral density, dry weight, dry weight per unit length, and ash weight, and by the appearance of resorption cavities in diaphyseal walls and a sparsity of trabeculae in metaphyses and epiphyses of castrate femurs. These results indicate that the year-old castrate male rat may be a valuable experimental model for studies of the treatment of osteoporosis.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Salmon Calcitonin to Prevent Bone Loss in Corticosteroid-Treated Temporal Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Patients treated with high-dose or long-term corticosteroids are at risk of accelerated osteoporosis and spontaneous vertebral and traumatic fractures. To assess the efficacy of salmon calcitonin in preventing corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, 48 patients with newly diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica, temporal arteritis, and other vasculitides were enrolled in a 2-year, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections t.i.w. of either 100 IU of salmon calcitonin (25 patients) or placebo (23 patients). After 2 years, 19 and 21 patients, respectively, were evaluable. All patients also received supplemental calcium carbonate (1500 mg daily in divided doses) and vitamin D3 (400 IU daily). Baseline and serial radiologic assessments included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and hip, and spine radiographs to detect vertebral fractures. There were no significant baseline differences between the two study groups. The mean within-subject percentage change in DXA lumbar spine density in the two groups over the 2-year period of the study was only −0.1% (calcitonin plus calcium) versus −0.2% (placebo plus calcium) a nonsignificant difference despite the high mean cumulative corticosteroid doses of 5371 mg and 4680 mg, respectively (NS). The incidence of vertebral fracture was 12.5% (calcitonin plus calcium: 11%, versus placebo plus calcium: 14%, NS), with four fractures in the first year and one fracture in the second year. Higher cumulative corticosteroid dose was associated with a greater loss in bone density. In rheumatic disease patients starting high-dose, long-term corticosteroids, salmon calcitonin with calcium and vitamin D3 provided no greater bone preservation than that observed with calcium and vitamin D3 alone.
Fast data acquisition method in X-ray differential phase contrast imaging using a new grating design

Grating-based x-ray differential phase contrast imaging (DPCI) often uses a phase stepping procedure that involves sequential grating motion and multiple x-ray exposures to obtain x-ray phase information. Such a data acquisition process breaks the continuous data acquisition into several step-and-shoot data acquisition sequences. Between two neighboring x-ray pulses, the acquisition will have to be stopped for the grating to translate into the next phase stepping position. This setup also requires that the grating not be fixed. If the gratings are to be mounted onto a fast-rotating gantry (such as those used in x-ray CT), this translation of the grating would add another potential source of mechanical instability. To accelerate the data acquisition speed and improve the mechanical stability of of DPCI data acquisitions, a new grating design was developed. In this method, one of the gratings used in DPCI was divided into four-row groups, within each group, grating structures have a designed offset with respect to their neighboring rows. This design allows the acquired data from any adjacent four detector rows to be combined in order to retrieve the needed x-ray differential phase information from a single x-ray exposure. Both numerical simulations and initial phantom experiments have demonstrated that the new interferometer design can enable DPCI image acquisitions without this well-known overhead in data acquisition time.
Temperature and concentration control over interpenetration in a metal-organic material.

A pillared framework formed from 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) and sheets of dinuclear Cd2 nodes and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (bdc) linkers can be prepared in both interpenetrated and noninterpenetrated forms by simply varying the temperature or concentration of the reaction. These results demonstrate that higher temperatures and concentrations favor interpenetration over the corresponding noninterpenetrating structure, an observation that could have broad implications for controlling the synthesis of metal−organic materials.
Controlled-resonant surface tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging.

This paper reports on the advancement of a controlled-resonant surface tapping-mode single capillary liquid junction extraction/ESI emitter for mass spectrometry imaging. The basic instrumental setup and the general operation of the system were discussed, and optimized performance metrics were presented. The ability to spot sample, lane scan, and chemically image in an automated and controlled fashion were demonstrated. Rapid, automated spot sampling was demonstrated for a variety of compound types, including the cationic dye basic blue 7, the oligosaccharide cellopentaose, and the protein equine heart cytochrome c. The system was used for lane scanning and chemical imaging of the cationic dye crystal violet in inked lines on glass and for lipid distributions in mouse brain thin tissue sections. Imaging of the lipids in mouse brain tissue under optimized conditions provided a spatial resolution of approximately 35 μm based on the ability to distinguish between features observed both in the optical and mas...
Microwave properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ high‐transition‐temperature superconducting thin films measured by the power transmission method

The microwave response of YBa2Cu3O(7-delta) superconducting thin films deposited on LaAlO3, MgO, YSZ, and LaGaO3 substrates are studied. It is found that the microwave transmission properties are very weakly dependent on temperature in the normal state but change drastically upon transition to the superconducting state. In particular, the transmission decreases and there is a negative phase shift with respect to the phase at room temperature when the sample is cooled through its transition temperature. The magnetic penetration depth for all the films was determined from the surface reactance of the films. The microwave complex conductivity is determined in both the normal and the superconducting state. It is observed that both sigma1 and sigma2 increase in transition to the superconducting state. The surface resistivity is calculated for all the films.
Exploring Motivational Profiles through Language Learning Narratives.

This study analyzes the language learning narratives of 3 NNS foreign language teachers. It uses as a theoretical framework the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) (Dornyei, 2009) but adds the dimension of psychological reactance (Brehm, 1966). Our findings indicate that the L2MSS underestimates the relationship between 'I' and 'other,' a distinction that is paramount in Self-Discrepancy Theory (Higgins, 1987). Specifically, the 'I' dimension is strongly articulated in the ideal L2 self, whereas the 'other' dimension is not. The inverse is true for the ought-to L2 self in which the 'other' dimension is emphasized. These omissions underemphasize the importance of the interaction between the self and the context in forming language learning motivation. In addition, the findings indicate that the L2MSS framework needs further development in order to account for learners in a variety of settings, as opposed to primarily an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) environment. Consistent with recent claims about the types of contributions that language learning biographies/narratives can make to SLA research (Pavlenko, 2007), this study offers additional insights into how individual differences interact with contextual variables in language learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
FLUORESCENT QUANTITATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AMINES IN FOODS WITH 7-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZOFURAZAN (NBD-CI)

The usefulness of 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-CI) for the quantitative fluorescence detection of biologically active amines commonly found in fermented foods was studied. The reagent was found to be advantageous when compared to ortho-phthaldehyde and ethylene diamine due to the simplicity of derivative formation and ability to form fluorescent derivatives with a variety of biologically active amines. NBD-CI was shown to form quantitative derivatives with tyramine, tryptamine and histamine. There was a limited linear response for tryptamine.
A strategy for Marxist Bourgeois revolution: Lenin and the peasantry, 1907–1916

Between 1907–1916, Lenin developed a programme for the capitalist development of the Russian countryside which was intended 1) to prepare the material and social foundations for socialism, and 2) to provide an alternative to the tsarist regime's pro‐capitalist efforts. During this period, he hoped for a Marxist‐led bourgeois revolution. In his view, a petty bourgeois peasantry inspired by archaic fantasies of social justice and a realistic hatred of gentry privilege and liberal compromise, were crucial to any Marxist success.
Exciton interaction among chlorophyll molecules in bacteriochlorophyll a proteins and bacteriochlorophyll a reaction center complexes from green bacteria

Absorption and CD spectra of bacteriochlorophyll a proteins and bacteriochlorophyll a reaction center complexes from two strains of Chlorobium limicola were recorded at 77 degrees K. Visual inspection showed that the Qy-band of chlorophyll in either protein was split into at least five components. Analysis of the spectra in terms of asymmetric Gaussian component pairs by means of computer program GAMET showed that six components are necessary to fit the spectra from strain 2K. These six components are ascribed to an exciton interaction between the seven bacteriochlorophyll a molecules in each subunit. The clear difference between the exciton splitting in the two bacteriochlorophyll a proteins shows that the arrangement of the chlorophyll molecules in each subunit must be slightly different. The spectra for the bacteriochlorophyll a reaction center complexes have a component at 834 nm (absorption) and 832 nm (CD) which does not appear in the spectra of the bacteriochlorophyll a proteins. The new component is ascribed to a reaction center complex which is combined with bacteriochlorophyll a proteins to form the bacteriochlorophyll a reaction center complex. The complete absorption (or CD) spectrum for a given bacteriochlorophyll a reaction center complex can be described to a first approximation in terms of the absorption (or CD) spectrum for the corresponding bacteriochlorophyll a protein plus the new component ascribed to the reaction center complex.
Distension-induced gradient capillarity in lipid membranes

A model for lipid membranes with lipid distension is presented. This incorporates the conventional Helfrich-type formulation as a special case. The effects of lipid distension on the shape equation, and the required adjustments to operative edge conditions, are discussed in detail. The model is illustrated through numerical simulations.
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of an ultrafast lobster muscle: first evidence of a tubular configuration.

Abstract The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the remarkably fast remotor muscle of lobster second antenna was investigated with regard to ultrastructure, calcium uptake and protein composition. The SR of this unique muscle dominates the volume of the cell. We were able to preserve the configuration of the SR in its native state simply by processing the muscle for electron microscopy at 0–4 °C. For the first time the SR is seen as large (0.1 μm diam.) tubules that crowd the space between myofibrils. Previous observations of this organelle have been reported that showed a rather unsatisfying discontinuous vesicular configuration of the SR. This report indicates that these structures were fixation artifacts. The uptake of calcium measured in a microsomal subfraction in the presence of ATP and oxalate does not differ significantly from similar experiments with vertebrate SR. However, gel electrophoresis of lobster SR demonstrates a single intrinsic Ca-ATPase protein of 100,000 mol. wt. with neither of the typical lower molecular weight proteins found in vertebrate SR.
The deposition of endocuticle in an insect, Calpodes ethlius Stoll (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)

Abstract Intermoult endocuticle is laid down progressively in the 5th instar of Calpodes ethlius. The incorporation of cuticular precursors into the intermoult endocuticle has been followed autoradiographically. The uptake of general cuticular precursors in the intermoult period is fast enough to clear most of an unchased pulse of 14C-acetate from the haemocoele to the edge of the epidermis and into the cuticle in 2 hr. There are two patterns of incorporation, layered and diffuse. 3H-glucose, a precursor of chitin, is incorporated in discrete layers corresponding to the new cuticle synthesized during the period of incorporation and deposited at the edge of the epidermis. Tritiated amino acids, on the other hand, are incorporated not only in layers but also diffusely throughout the thickness of the cuticle. The cuticle stretches during the instar as the larva feeds and grows. In spite of this, electron microscopical observations on the thickness of the lamellae suggest that an increase in separation of the first formed lamellae takes place by the end of the instar, presumably as a result of the material added in the diffuse form of incorporation. These experiments suggest that the endocuticle grows both by the addition of lamellae at the epidermal surface and by intussusception.
Cleanliness validation of NIF small optics

The National Ignition Facility will be the highest energy laser in the world when completed. Many small optics (less than or equal to 14" in diameter) have stringent transport efficiency and some have very high laser fluence requirements. For optics to sustain high spectral efficiencies and survive high fluences for a 30-year operation, these optics have cleanliness requirements to assure optimal laser system performance. These optical components have insufficient surface areas to validate the particulate and organic contamination requirements by methods used for mechanical parts. Also, the common validation techniques require some sort of surface contact which is not compatible with handling of laser optics. This presentation describes alternate cleanliness validation methods developed for the NIF small optical components. An organic validation procedure was devised based on the spectral transmission sensitivity to contamination layers on coated and uncoated fused silica windows. Optics were scanned in the near infrared before and after an application of a specific amount of organic contamination onto the surface. Changes in transmission correlated to organic contamination levels and used to determine non-volatile organic contamination optics. A validation method for particulate contamination was demonstrated on a large window, showing that acceptable cleanliness levels could be achieved after a wet-wipe and inspection with a high intensity light. The method is similar to that used to inspect the surface quality of optical components.
Life of Purpose? - Not So Purposeful!

There are some who begin their careers with a definite purpose in mind: aspiring to write a great novel, attaining a top leadership position in an institution, or becoming wealthy through real estate ownership–and carefully plan the steps they take to achieve that goal. For the author, that was not the case. He moved from one position that satisfied many of his values, personality characteristics, and desires, to another which satisfied more, and finally a long tenure in one that satisfied most of them. What may have appeared to others as a sustained purposeful career–was not at all purposeful.
Acquiring advanced properties in ontology mapping

With the emergence of the Semantic Web, ontologies are being exposed on the Web to support a variety of applications, including enhanced search and discovery, rapid enterprise integration and cross-domain knowledge sharing. This explosion of knowledge sharing on the web is also leading to the formation of knowledge silos and a growing need for integration of these sources. Automated solutions to mapping ontologies are emerging that address this growing need with very promising results. However, most approaches have focused on mapping ontologies using relationships of similarity and equivalence and very few have applied knowledge in upper ontologies. We built algorithms to acquire relationships between ontological components beyond similarity and equivalence that include hyponymy and more importantly, algorithms to map ontologies based on relationships that are specified within the ontologies. These algorithms employ the semantics of OWL in conjunction with online linguistic resources and upper ontologies. Initial test results are promising.
The Most Stable Just Regime

Rawls’ssketchofajustpropertyowning-democracyremainslargelysilentonthequestionofwhetherweshouldintroducedemocraticformsofgovernmentintoeconomic life. He notes that a property-owning democracy (POD) would be fullycompatible with worker-managed ﬁrms (at least as these are envisioned by JohnStuart Mill), and that if people prefer to work in ﬁrms of this kind, then worker-managed ﬁrms may eventually eclipse traditional capitalist ﬁrms as the dominantmode of production.
Binding of Antioxidants by Milk Proteins

Abstract The binding of esters of gallic acid to milk proteins increases with increasing alkyl chain length. Chain branching decreases binding but changes in temperature, salt concentration, and heat treatment of the proteins have little effect. Butylated hydroxy anisole binds to the same extent as propyl gallate. Calcium-free milk proteins bound less than natural milk proteins. Binding is reversible and at low concentrations the amount of antioxidant bound is a linear function of the concentration of free antioxidant. The proteins of milk would thus compete with the fat phase for antioxidant.
BIOCLIMATIC STUDIES OF THE APHID PARASITE PRAON EXSOLETUM: I. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF FEMALES TO VARYING HOST DENSITIES

Using bioclimatic chambers to provide diurnally fluctuating temperature and humidity conditions, the relationship between fecundity of females of the aphid parasite, Praon exsoletum (Nees), and different host densities, was examined over a wide range of mean temperatures. At each temperature level the number of eggs laid by females was found to vary with host density in accordance with the functional response curve (disc equation) of Holling. Superparasitism was common at all temperature levels studied, and, irrespective of host density, eggs were found laid at random with respect to hosts present. The functional response equation was thus modified so that number of hosts attacked was determined by both number of hosts present and number of eggs laid. Using this modified disc equation, the bioclimatic characteristics of parasite oviposition were examined from rhc standpoint of varying temperature levels. Oviposition was limited to mean temperatures between 8° and 29°C; near these limits the maximum number of eggs laid and the maximum number of hosts attacked were low. At medial mean temperatures (13°–24°) the number of eggs laid per parasite was high, averaging between 70 and 110 each 12-hour day. At these same medial temperatures, according to the modified disc equation, the average "handling" time per oviposition attack was shortest, and the parasite effective searching rate fastest. Averaged over a 12-hour day (this parasite does not oviposit in darkness), females of P. exsoletum were capable of laying from seven to nine eggs per hour at temperatures between 15° and 24° respectively. In all cases, the number of hosts attacked varied with numbers of eggs laid in accordance with Thompson’s superparasitism formula.
Predicting Emissions of SVOCs from Polymeric Materials and Their Interaction with Airborne Particles

A model that predicts the emission rate of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building materials is extended and used to predict the emission rate of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from polymeric materials. Reasonable agreement between model predictions and gas-phase di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) concentrations is achieved using data collected in a previous experimental study that measured emissions of DEHP from vinyl flooring in two very different chambers. While emissions of highly volatile VOCs are subject to "internal" control (the material-phase diffusion coefficient), emissions of the very low volatility SVOCs are subject to "external" control (partitioning into the gas phase, the convective mass-transfer coefficient, and adsorption onto interior surfaces). The effect of SVOCs partitioning onto airborne particles is also examined. The DEHP emission rate is increased when the gas-phase concentration is high, and especially when partitioning to the airborne particles is strong. Airborne particles may play an important role in inhalation exposure as well as in transporting SVOCs well beyond the source. Although more rigorous validation is needed, the model should help elucidate the mechanisms governing emissions of phthalate plasticizers, brominated flame retardants, biocides, and other SVOCs from a wide range of building materials and consumer products.
Implementations of the Monte Carlo EM Algorithm

The Monte Carlo EM (MCEM) algorithm is a modification of the EM algorithm where the expectation in the E-step is computed numerically through Monte Carlo simulations. The most exible and generally applicable approach to obtaining a Monte Carlo sample in each iteration of an MCEM algorithm is through Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) routines such as the Gibbs and Metropolis–Hastings samplers. Although MCMC estimation presents a tractable solution to problems where the E-step is not available in closed form, two issues arise when implementing this MCEM routine: (1) how do we minimize the computational cost in obtaining an MCMC sample? and (2) how do we choose the Monte Carlo sample size? We address the first question through an application of importance sampling whereby samples drawn during previous EM iterations are recycled rather than running an MCMC sampler each MCEM iteration. The second question is addressed through an application of regenerative simulation. We obtain approximate independent and identi...