cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic Secretion in Rats After Chronic Treatment with Secretin Plus Caerulein

Rats were given subcutaneous injections of secretin (12.5 μg/kg−1) plus caerulein (0.5 μg/kg−1) in a depot carrier or depot carrier alone every 8 hr for 10 days. Basal pancreatic secretion and responses to secretin and cholecystokinin were then studied while the rats were under urethane anesthesia. In the treated animals, basal secretion of fluid was more than six times greater, basal bicarbonate output more than three times greater, and basal protein output more than two times greater than in the control rats (P
Nematostrigea serpens (nom.nov.) a Redescription of Holostomum serpens Nitzsch 1819

The material upon which this paper is based was secured in May, 1930, from a specimen of Scopus umbretta bannermani C. H. B. Grant (Ciconiiformes) which had been shot by a native on the Buzi River in Mozambique, about 40 miles from the eastern border of the Melsetter District of Southern Rhodesia. Several hours elapsed before the bird was brought into camp and its skin prepared for museum purposes, and our parasitological examination of the specimen was carried out under some difficulty with failing light. No worms were found in the alimentary tract, but on removing the liver and teasing this organ apart about twenty trematodes were recovered. To the naked eye these appeared very similar to schistosomes and, accepting this as a tentative diagnosis, we assumed that the parasites had been loosened from an abode in the branches of the hepatic portal vein. Considerably later, when we sought to identify the formalin-preserved specimens, it became evident that we had chanced upon an infection with a species of “holostome” closely related if not identical with that atypical and obscurely known form, Holostomum serpens .
Magnetoelectricity in CoFe2O4 nanocrystal-P(VDF-HFP) thin films.

Transition metal ferrites such as CoFe2O4, possessing a large magnetostriction coefficient and high Curie temperature (Tc > 600 K), are excellent candidates for creating magnetic order at the nanoscale and provide a pathway to the fabrication of uniform particle-matrix films with optimized potential for magnetoelectric coupling. Here, a series of 0–3 type nanocomposite thin films composed of ferrimagnetic cobalt ferrite nanocrystals (8 to 18 nm) and a ferroelectric/piezoelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene), P(VDF-HFP), were prepared by multiple spin coating and cast coating over a thickness range of 200 nm to 1.6 μm. We describe the synthesis and structural characterization of the nanocrystals and composite films by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, STEM, and SEM, as well as dielectric and magnetic properties, in order to identify evidence of cooperative interactions between the two phases. The CoFe2O4 polymer nanocomposite thin films exhibit composition-dependent effective permittivity, loss tangent, and specific saturation magnetization (Ms). An enhancement of the effective permittivity and saturation magnetization of the CoFe2O4-P(VDF-HFP) films was observed and directly compared with CoFe2O4-polyvinylpyrrolidone, a non-ferroelectric polymer-based nanocomposite prepared by the same method. The comparison provided evidence for the observation of a magnetoelectric effect in the case of CoFe2O4-P(VDF-HFP), attributed to a magnetostrictive/piezoelectric interaction. An enhancement of Ms up to +20.7% was observed at room temperature in the case of the 10 wt.% CoFe2O4-P(VDF-HFP) sample.
Constructing the (m)other: Dominant and contested narratives on mothering a child with Down syndrome

This qualitative study explored the ways in which mothers of children with Down syndrome interpreted their experiences of motherhood. The narratives of 19 mothers were analyzed. The findings indicate that their identities as mothers were negotiated in the context of the sociocultural meaning of disability and dominant narratives on motherhood. In institutional and interpersonal discourses, they became positioned as other. Their narratives shed light on their resistance to otherness, their contextualized understanding of mothering a child with Down syndrome, and the ways in which they negotiated access to the constructed category of normative motherhood. The study suggests that a conceptual shift is needed in understanding the familial experience of raising a child with Down syndrome. Moving away from assumptions of negative outcomes for these families, professionals need to acknowledge the embeddedness of their experiences in sociocultural beliefs and practices that devalue children with disabilities.
Somatic Crossing over in GLYCINE MAX (L.) Merrill: Effect of Some Inhibitors of DNA Synthesis on the Induction of Somatic Crossing over and Point Mutations.

ABSTRACT Glycine max (soybean) is the only known higher plant with a definitely established occurrence of somatic crossing over. This material lends itself to the analysis of somatic crossing over, gross chromosomal aberrations and mutations, all of which may be induced by the same treatment of the mutagen given to seeds. This is made possible because gene Y 11 for chlorophyll development in the variety L65-1237 is incompletely dominant over its allele y 11 , so that twin or double spots composed of a dark green ( Y 11 Y 11 )and a yellow ( Y 11 Y 11 ) component can be observed adjacent to and as mirror images of each other on the light green Y 11 Y 11 leaves in the areas of complementary exchange for these genes. Lack of growth of either component of this double spot as well as several types of chromosomal disturbances give rise to single spots resembling phenotypes of Y 11 Y 11 or Y 11 Y 11 leaves. Point mutations can be studied by looking for green sectors originating from Y 11 Y 11 genotype on the Y 11 Y 11 plants. Seeds obtained from heterozygous plants were treated with caffeine, cytosine arabinoside, actinomycin D and 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine, all known inhibitors of DNA synthesis, and puromycin, an inhibitor of synthesis of proteins. The treatments with caffeine and actinomycin D increased the frequency of somatic crossing over as measured by the frequency of double spots on Y 11 Y 11 leaves, but cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and puromycin did not. Thus somatic crossing over was induced only by those chemicals which are known to allow rejoining of chromosomes, thereby suggesting a correlation between the two phenomena. These observations indicate that it is not the mere inhibition of DNA synthesis, but some rather more specific event in DNA repair which is responsible for complementary exchanges. Some of these results differ from studies carried out with fungi. The main effect of all chemicals tested, except caffeine and actinomycin D, was inferred to be the production of deletions in Y 11 Y 11 plants which raised the frequency of single (dark green or yellow) spots relative to the doubles. Caffeine was the only chemical which constantly increased the frequency of specific point mutations. In the control material, the great majority of spots are found on the upper surface of the leaf. This picture could not be changed in any of the treated materials, thus indicating uniform resistance of spongy mesophyll tissue to the mutagens applied.
Predicting HIV disease progression in children using measures of neuropsychological and neurological functioning

Background. Neuropsychological testing and 2 measures of neurological status, cortical atrophy, and motor dysfunction were assessed for their usefulness in predicting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression in infants, children, and adolescents who participated in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 152 (PACTG 152). Methods. A cohort of 722 antiretroviral therapy-naive children with symptomatic HIV infection were assessed at study entry and at later intervals. Assessments included neurodevelopmental testing, neuroradiologic imaging, and neurological examination of motor function. CD4 cell count and plasma RNA viral load also were measured. Results. Children with the lowest neuropsychological functioning (IQ 90) functioning (18%). This was also true of week 48 neuropsychological functioning. Motor dysfunction (especially reduced muscle mass) at entry also predicted disease progression. Furthermore, motor dysfunction and week 48 neuropsychological functioning provided predictive information beyond that obtainable from surrogate markers of HIV disease status (eg, CD4 count, HIV RNA level). Children with cortical atrophy also were at higher risk for later disease progression, but when CD4 count and RNA viral load were known, cortical atrophy information provided no additional predictive information. Conclusions. Measures of neuropsychological and motor function status provide unique information regarding pediatric HIV disease progression. As such, these findings have important implications for predicting long-term outcomes (eg, longevity) in pediatric patients.
A simulation tool for introducing MPEG - audio (MP3) concepts in a DSP course

This paper presents a simulation tool1 for introducing perceptual audio coding concepts in senior undergraduate and graduate DSP courses. The tool consists of a user-friendly graphical interface along with a complete MA TLAB realization of all aspects of the audio MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3) algorithm. The tool is accompanied by a series of computer experiments and exercises that can be used to provide hands-on training to class participants. The tool may also be used by instructors in a class setting to demonstrate key signal processing concepts associated with the processing of high-fidelity audio. The MATLAB MP3 tool has been used in Arizona State University undergraduate DSP courses as well as in a graduate course on speech and audio coding and in a continuing education short course. Evaluation of the tool is being performed by an educational software assessment specialist.
Validating childhood symptoms with physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis.

Background: Multiple population-based and high-risk cohort studies use parental questionnaire responses to define allergic rhinitis (AR) in children. Individual questionnaire items have not been validated by comparison with physician-diagnosed AR (PDAR). Objective: To identify routine clinical questions that best agree with a physician diagnosis of AR and can be used for early case identification. Methods: Children participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study were evaluated at ages 1 through 4 and at age 7 (n 531) using questionnaires, physical examinations, and skin prick tests (SPT) with 15 aeroaller- gens (AG). Parents answered 3 stem questions pertaining to their child, including presence of nasal symptoms absent a cold/flu (ISAAC-validated question), presence of hayfever, and ocular itch. Substem questions were answered with details regarding seasonality, nasal triggers, and ocular seasonality. A global assessment of allergic diseases, including AR, was performed by a specialty-trained clinician. Percent agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were assessed for individual stem and substem questions. Results: Positive response to having hayfever and presence of ocular symptoms had the highest specificity (84% and 69%, respectively) and the highest percent agreement (74% and 68%) with PDAR. Identification of triggers for nasal and ocular symptoms had the highest sensitivity (89%). Positive predictive values ranged from 31 to 39%. Combining 2 responses with highest agreement increased specificity for PDAR to 91%. Conclusion: Responses to hayfever and ocular symptoms had better specificity and percent agreement with PDAR than the ISAAC-validated questionnaire item. Combining 2 rhinitis questions sharply increases speci- ficity and may improve diagnostic accuracy of clinical questions.
Incas Sí, Indios No: Notes on Peruvian Creole Nationalism and its Contemporary Crisis

This commentary article focuses on a crucial moment in the formation of Peruvian Creole nationalism: the 1836–9 Peruvian–Bolivian Confederation. Nationalist sentiments expressed through the anti-confederationist press, satiric poetry and pamphlets, glorified the Inca past while spurning the Indian present. During this period, a nationalist, essentially racist, rhetoric whose roots can be traced to the late eighteenth century, took shape. This rhetoric would provide the foundations of an ideology which has prevailed in Peruvian history. This rhetoric reached its peak in the twentieth century, while evolving into a historiographical discourse instrumental to the exercise of power and which is now in crisis.
The structures of the anti-tuberculosis antibiotics viomycin and capreomycin bound to the 70S ribosome

The tuberactinomycin antibiotic family is one of the most effective against multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis. The structures of two members of this family, viomycin and capreomycin, bound to the ribosome now indicate that they act by stabilizing the A site tRNA in a pre-translocation state and may suggest further avenues for drug development. Viomycin and capreomycin belong to the tuberactinomycin family of antibiotics, which are among the most effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Here we present two crystal structures of the 70S ribosome in complex with three tRNAs and bound to either viomycin or capreomycin at 3.3- and 3.5-A resolution, respectively. Both antibiotics bind to the same site on the ribosome, which lies at the interface between helix 44 of the small ribosomal subunit and helix 69 of the large ribosomal subunit. The structures of these complexes suggest that the tuberactinomycins inhibit translocation by stabilizing the tRNA in the A site in the pretranslocation state. In addition, these structures show that the tuberactinomycins bind adjacent to the binding sites for the paromomycin and hygromycin B antibiotics, which may enable the development of new derivatives of tuberactinomycins that are effective against drug-resistant strains.
Predictive Ability of Pender's Health Promotion Model for Physical Activity and Exercise in People with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis.

The main objective of this study was to validate Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) as a motivational model for exercise/physical activity self-management for people with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Quantitative descriptive research design using hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) was used. A total of 126 individuals with SCI were recruited through the National Spinal Cord Injury Association, other SCI support groups, and professors in rehabilitation counseling across the United States. Outcome measures used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Physical Activity Stages of Change Instrument. The HRA results indicated that preinjury physical activity/exercise level, severity of SCI, and commitment to a plan for exercise and physical activity were predictive of postinjury exercise and physical activity level. In addition, friend/family support, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived benefits were the strongest predictors of commitment to a plan of action for exercise and phys...
MAPK signaling by the D quadrant embryonic organizer of the mollusc Ilyanassa obsoleta

Classical experiments performed on the embryo of the mollusc Ilyanassa obsoleta demonstrate that the 3D macromere acts as an embryonic organizer, by signaling to other cells and inducing them to assume the correct pattern of cell fates. We have discovered that MAP kinase signaling is activated in the cells that require the signal from 3D for normal differentiation. Preventing specification of the D quadrant lineage by removing the polar lobe disrupts the pattern of MAPK activation, as does ablation of the 3D macromere itself. Blocking MAPK activation with the MAP Kinase inhibitor U0126 produces larvae that differentiate the same limited complement of tissues as D quadrant deletions. Our results suggest that the MAP Kinase signaling cascade transduces the inductive signal from 3D and specifies cell fate among the cells that receive the signal.
Cost Savings from Pupil Migration to Private Schools

Considerable disagreement exists over the magnitude of potential savings to public school boards associated with the migration of public school students to independent schools in connection with voucher or tax credit plans being considered by many states in the US. This paper argues that the appropriate measure of any such savings is the marginal cost of a student. Using three year's worth of school level data for South Carolina, a cost function for a school is estimated. We find that though some costs are fixed, variable costs comprise about 80 percent of school costs. Moreover, variable costs are very sensitive to changes in enrollment. When estimated in first differences on year-to-year changes, the hypothesis that these costs vary in strict proportionality to enrollment cannot be rejected at generally accepted levels of confidence. We find that these potential savings lie in the range of $4,000 to $5,000 per student. Costs are estimated separately for elementary, middle and high schools as well as for disabled, gifted and regular students.
Numerical Prediction Model for Temperature Development in Mass Concrete Structures

A spreadsheet program based on a two-dimensional (2-D) finite difference method was employed to analyze the thermal behavior of two bridge pier caps, and analysis results were compared with recorded concrete temperatures from the field. Tests were performed in the laboratory to determine the rate of heat generation of the identical concrete mixtures used in the construction. The activation energy of each mix design was determined following the ASTM C1074 procedure to implement the equivalent age concept to the temperature predictions. Results showed that concrete temperature time histories at the center and the side surface of the bridge pier caps could be predicted reasonably well by using the 2-D finite difference model. This spreadsheet can be a useful tool to help engineers make critical decisions, such as formwork removal time, insulation practices, and precooling and postcooling methods, and minimize the risk of early-age thermal cracking in mass concrete structures.
Probability and Delay Discounting of Gains and Losses Using the Multiple-Choice Method

Discounting occurs when the subjective value of an outcome changes because its delivery is delayed or uncertain. In the present study, 149 university students completed a discounting task that involved the hypothetical outcome of either $1, 000 or $100, 000. The full outcome was either delayed or probabilistic and was framed as either a gain or a loss. Discounting data were analyzed via a hyperbolic function, hyperbolic-like function, and area under the discounting curve. Regardless of the analysis method, rates of discounting varied inversely with the magnitude of delayed gains but directly with the magnitude of delayed losses. Significant magnitude effects were not observed with probability discounting. Participants discounted delayed losses significantly more than delayed gains. The opposite was observed for probability discounting. Finally, results from factor analyses did not show clear evidence that discounting of delayed or probabilistic gains or losses were accounted for by different factors. Some, but not all, of these results are consistent with previously reported findings. The influence of the method of collecting and analyzing discounting data is discussed.
Exploration of the Demyelinated Axon of the Medullated Shrimp Giant Nerve by Soft X-Ray Scanning Microscopy

The giant nerve fiber of the abdominal nerve cord of the shrimp (Penaeus) has several unique features both in its structure and in its electrophysiological characteristics: 1. It has the fastest reported conduction velocity for a nerve. In the case of the giant median nerve fiber, it may reach more than 200 m/sec at about 20°C[1–3]. 2. The giant fiber is not segmented as in the case of the crayfish and earthworm but has cell bodies in each abdominal ganglion (Fan et al. unpublished result). 3. The fiber is surrounded by a thick and compact myelin sheath layer. For a fiber with external diameter of about 170 μm, the thickness of the myelin layer may reach 50 μm[1,2,4]. There is no typical node of Ranvier, yet the myelin layer thins or almost disappears where the giant fiber makes synaptic contact with the giant motor axon and where the neurite joins the axon in the ganglion. These regions are thought to serve functionally as the nodes[3,4]. 4. There is a wide gap between the axon proper and the myelin sheath. For a fiber with an external diameter of about 170 μm, the inner diameter of the myelin layer is 70–80 μm, yet the diameter of the axon is only about 12 μm, except at the region where it makes synaptic contact with the giant motor fiber, where it broadens to more than half of the fiber diameter[3]. 5. As the tip of the microelectrode is situated within the wide gap between the myelin sheath and the axon, an intracellular-like action potential with amplitude around 60–80 mV can be recorded, though no resting membrane potential can be detected. However, the resting potential can be detected as the electrode tip is penetrated into the axon, yet the action potential thus recorded shows little difference from that recorded from the submyelin gap[2,3,6,7] 6. A steady potential is established by charged protein(s) in the submyelin space[6,7] and there is indication from the experiments done with potential sensitive dye that the resting membrane potential of the internodal axon membrane has a smaller value than that of the functional node regions (Fan and Brink, unpublished result). 7. The axon proper is surrounded by a thick layer of longitudinally disposed microtubules[8]. For an axon with a diameter of about 12 μm, the thickness of the microtubular layer may reach 3–4 μm. As far as we know, in nerve fibers of other animals, microtubules could only be found in the axoplasma. They are supposed to provide the mechanical strength of the fiber and play a role in the axonal transport. Such a peculiar arrangement of microtubules in the shrimp nerve is probably associated with unknown function(s) of the microtubule in this nerve fiber.
Researches on Higer Education Organize and Implement of Bachelor Education Evaluation

Higer education organize and implement of bachelor education internal evaluation is an effective and efficient way that college can inspect talent qualification culitivation and realize indemnificatory.To eastablish scientific,resonable and exercisable target system is the basis of bachelor education evaluation,consummate soudly task and organization is the key point,carry out self-estimate is the keystone.
Quadratic stabilization of switched linear systems with uncertainties of convex cone

The problem of quadratic stabilization of switched linear systems with uncertainties of convex cone is studied.The uncertainties form a convex cone spanned by a number of known constant matrixes.By using convex combination technique,quadratic stabilization conditions are derived for continuous switched linear systems and discrete switched linear systems,respectively.The conditions involve only the matrixes of extreme points.The associated switching laws are also designed.An example is given to illustrate the method.
Characterization of charging-induced pattern positioning errors in advanced mask making

Charging-induced pattern positioning errors (CIPPEs) from a 50-kV variable-shape e-beam writer on an opaque-MoSi-over-glass mask has been carefully characterized by directly measuring the pattern shifts using a high-accuracy mask registration tool. In addition, the reported behaviors associated with the CIPPEs, exponentially decaying in space and sign flipping with increasing pattern density (PD), another seldom-mentioned error component, behaving like a constant offset in space and becoming stronger with increasing PD, is found. The authors repeat the experiment with a charge dissipation layer coated atop the resist to experimentally explore the origins of these two phenomena and find that the exponential components, removable by the charge dissipating layer (CDL), result from the well-known resist charging effect but the constant offset, remain existing with the CDL, does not. From the result of Monte Carlo simulations, the constant component is speculated to result from blank charging. This finding can give important insights into the model-based charging effect correction as well as the effectiveness of the CDL.
Efficient Sensor Placement for Surveillance Problems

We study the problem of covering a two-dimensional spatial region P , cluttered with occluders, by sensors. A sensor placed at a location p covers a point x in P if x lies within sensing radius r from p and x is visible from p , i.e., the segment px does not intersect any occluder. The goal is to compute a placement of the minimum number of sensors that cover P . We propose a landmark-based approach for covering P . Suppose P has *** holes, and it can be covered by h sensors. Given a small parameter *** > 0, let *** : = *** (h ,*** ) = (h /*** )(1 + ln (1 + *** )). We prove that one can compute a set L of O (*** log*** log(1/*** )) landmarks so that if a set S of sensors covers L , then S covers at least (1 *** *** )-fraction of P . It is surprising that so few landmarks are needed, and that the number of landmarks depends only on h , and does not directly depend on the number of vertices in P . We then present efficient randomized algorithms, based on the greedy approach, that, with high probability, compute $O(\tilde{h}\log \lambda)$ sensor locations to cover L ; here $\tilde{h} \le h$ is the number sensors needed to cover L . We propose various extensions of our approach, including: (i) a weight function over P is given and S should cover at least (1 *** *** ) of the weighted area of P , and (ii) each point of P is covered by at least t sensors, for a given parameter t *** 1.
Should I suspect obstructive sleep apnea if a patient has hard-to-control hypertension?

Yes. Obstructive sleep apnea is common and is associated with hypertension and resistant hypertension.
Bilinear Systems on Vector Bundles

In this chapter, the exponential growth behavior of bilinear control systems on vector bundles is analyzed. Roughly, these are linear differential equations where the coefficients are determined by a nonlinear control system. Section 6.1 describes the main examples of these systems, in particular, the linearized control systems; introduces the relevant notions; and presents the main results. Section 6.2 describes the Morse spectrum of bilinear control flows on vector bundles and discusses the Floquet spectrum. Section 6.3 characterizes the Lya-punov spectrum under an inner pair condition, and Section 6.4 presents results on local stable manifolds.
Hypoxia Associated Proteolytic Processing of OS-9 by the Metalloproteinase Meprin β

Meprin metalloproteases play a role in the pathology of ischemia/reperfusion- (IR-) induced renal injury. The endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein, osteosarcoma-9 (OS-9), has been shown to interact with the carboxyl-terminal tail of meprin β. More importantly, OS-9 interacts with the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and the prolyl-hydroxylase, proteins which mediate the cell's response to hypoxia. To determine if OS-9 is a meprin substrate, kidney proteins from meprin αβ knockout mice (αβKO) (which lack endogenous meprins) and purified human OS-9 were incubated with activated forms of meprin A and meprin B, and Western blot analysis was used to evaluate proteolytic processing of OS-9. Fragmentation of OS-9 was observed in reactions with meprin B, but not meprin A. To determine whether meprin B cleaves OS-9 in vivo, wild-type (WT) and meprin αβKO mice were subjected to IR-induced renal injury. Fragmentation of OS-9 was observed in kidney proteins from WT mice subjected to IR, but not in meprin αβKO counterparts. Transfection of kidney cells (MDCK and HEK293) with meprin β cDNA prevented accumulation of OS-9 following exposure to the hypoxia mimic, CoCl2. These data suggest that meprin β interaction with OS-9 plays a role in the hypoxia response associated with IR-induced renal injury.
Veterinary Pathology – A Path Forward with New Directions and Opportunities

As veterinary pathologists, we have a broad knowledge of disease processes in an array of species with variable physiology and response to disease. The breadth of areas where veterinary pathologists are active has led us to sub-specialize in particular species, organ systems, infectious agents, or sub-disciplines, such as forensic science. We are a group with tremendously diverse interests and expertise that includes basic and clinically applied research, drug discovery and preclinical toxicologic testing, diagnostic testing and quality assurance, public health and governmental policy, public outreach, and education. Our diversity of interests is both a strength and a challenge. Should we strive to maintain a unified discipline or divest into defined subspecialties? How should we define ourselves as pathologists? What core skill sets and competences should we include for certification and how do we prepare our trainees for the future? Should we have one international certification? Finally, how do we make our trainees aware of the many opportunities available to them?
PV Systems Affordability, Community Solar, and Solar Microgrids

This chapter starts with the discussion of affordable photovoltaic systems both in developed and developing countries where over 1.3 billion have no access to electric grid. The chapter also discusses community solar and solar microgrids for resilience of electricity generating systems. Both of these technologies are gaining widespread popularity because of new challenges to the electric grid caused by weather-related power outages. The chapter includes two case studies from India and United States. In the Indian case study, the first example of solar microgrid deals with a large Government funded rural electrification project while the second example deals with a smaller rural electrification project that is completed with the help of a global nongovernmental organization. Both of these projects are located in remote areas of India. In the US case study, the first example deals with a microgrid for self-generating electricity of a large university campus with a population of 45,000 students and the second example deals with a new solar storage project which will be used for emergency shelters in an area frequented by storms.
Restricted Secondary Licensing for mmWave Cellular: How Much Gain Can Be Obtained?

Sharing the spectrum among multiple operators seems promising in millimeter wave (mmWave) systems. One explanation is the highly directional transmission in mmWave, which reduces the interference caused by one network on the other networks sharing the same resources. In this paper, we model a mmWave cellular system where an operator that primarily owns an exclusive-use license of a certain band can sell a restricted secondary license of the same band to another operator. This secondary network has a restriction on the maximum interference it can cause to the original network. Using stochastic geometry, we derive expressions for the coverage and rate of both networks, and establish the feasibility of secondary licensing in licensed mmWave bands. Results show that the restricted secondary operator can achieve good coverage with a small impact on the original operator. Our results also illustrate that the spectrum sharing gains increase with narrow beams and when the network densifies.
Reproductive characteristics of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Midwestern USA.

Knowledge of reproductive characteristics of wild populations is necessary to inform responsible management decisions that promote herd health. As management, goals, and free-ranging populations change over time and landscapes, updated knowledge of reproductive characteristics are needed to inform responsible management practices. We estimated reproductive characteristics of female white-tailed deer in Illinois, including pregnancy rate, litter size, fetal growth and fetal sex ratio. We found maternal age to have an important influence on several reproductive factors. Approximately 66% of tested females (n = 3884) were pregnant and pregnancy rates increased with increasing maternal age, from 20.5% in fawns to 85.8% in adult deer. Litter size ranged from 1 to 5 fetuses per pregnant female. The average litter size was 1.9 ± 0.54 fetuses per pregnant female and also increased with age, from 1.2 in fawns to 2.0 in adults, respectively. Breeding season peaked in November with the mean estimated conception dates of fetuses varying with maternal age. Fawns conceived fetuses later in the breeding season (December 2) compared to yearlings and adults (November 11 and 8, respectively). We measured the body mass index (BMI) of all fetuses and found that litter size and female age influence fetal size. We found no bias in fetal sex ratio (average 1.0:1.0, male:female) but we observed a sex bias in fetal size (mean BMI male = 0.71, female 0.67) across all maternal age classes. A comparison of the current study and previous reports indicate that variation in maternal age within a population is an important driver of reproductive metrics, likely because maternal age and body size or condition are related. Furthermore, variation in resource availability will influence reproductive rates, especially among fawn females.
A Simulation-Based Optimization Analysis of Retail Outlet Ordering Policies and Vendor Minimum Purchase Requirements in a Distribution System

This chapter presents an approach involving both discrete event simulation (DES) and optimization to address operational problems faced by a distribution system. In the system modeled, vendors may require minimum purchase requirements for each order. The model can be used to determine whether retail outlets should order product directly from the vendors, or through a centralized warehouse, as well as whether each retail outlet should violate its pre-specified inventory policy in order to meet vendor-minimum requirements. In addition, the model can be of use as an aid in negotiation with vendors with respect to minimum purchase requirements. The work is based on a project performed for an actual company with a centralized warehouse, located in Louisville, Kentucky, and 19 retail outlets, located throughout the United States.
Interpersonal Commitment in Historical Perspective

As a construct of psychological relevance, commitment has for some time been the focus of numerous programs of research, including explorations in decision making (Edwards, 1954; Festinger, 1957), deviation, and conformity in group settings (Kiesler & Corbin, 1965; Kiesler & Kiesler, 1969; Kiesler, Zanna, & De Salvo, 1966); the maintenance of costly courses of action (Staw, 1976, 1981; Staw & Fox, 1977); and job turnover (Aranya & Jacobson, 1975; Grusky, 1966; Porter, Crampon, & Smith, 1976). However, the examination of commitment specifically within the context of close relationships is a relatively recent development, with most theoretical treatments of the construct emerging after 1965 and most empirical studies being published after 1980. Given the relatively long history of research on interpersonal relationships, it is somewhat perplexing that the critical examination of commitment has been so late in coming to this area.
Understanding bias in relationships between the food environment and diet quality: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study

Background The relationship between food environment exposures and diet behaviours is unclear, possibly because the majority of studies ignore potential residual confounding. Methods We used 20 years (1985–1986, 1992–1993 2005–2006) of data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study across four US cities (Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Oakland, California) and instrumental variables (IV) regression to obtain causal estimates of longitudinal associations between the percentage of neighbourhood food outlets (per total food outlets within 1 km network distance of respondent residence) and an a priori diet quality score, with higher scores indicating higher diet quality. To assess the presence and magnitude of bias related to residual confounding, we compared results from causal models (IV regression) to non-causal models, including ordinary least squares regression, which does not account for residual confounding at all and fixed-effects regression, which only controls for time-invariant unmeasured characteristics. Results The mean diet quality score across follow-up was 63.4 (SD=12.7). A 10% increase in fast food restaurants (relative to full-service restaurants) was associated with a lower diet quality score over time using IV regression (β=−1.01, 95% CI −1.99 to –0.04); estimates were attenuated using non-causal models. The percentage of neighbourhood convenience and grocery stores (relative to supermarkets) was not associated with diet quality in any model, but estimates from non-causal models were similarly attenuated compared with causal models. Conclusion Ignoring residual confounding may generate biased estimated effects of neighbourhood food outlets on diet outcomes and may have contributed to weak findings in the food environment literature.
An experimental study of energy consumption in buildings providing ancillary services

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in commercial buildings can provide ancillary services (AS) to the power grid, but by providing AS their energy consumption may increase. This inefficiency is evaluated using round-trip efficiency (RTE), which is defined as the ratio between the decrease and the increase in the HVAC system's energy consumption compared to the baseline consumption as a result of providing AS. This paper evaluates the RTE of a 30,000 m2 commercial building providing AS. We propose two methods to estimate the HVAC system's settling time after an AS event based on temperature and the air flow measurements from the building. Experimental data gathered over a 4-month period are used to calculate the RTE for AS signals of various waveforms, magnitudes, durations, and polarities. The results indicate that the settling time estimation algorithm based on the air flow measurements obtains more accurate results compared to the temperature-based algorithm. Further, we study the impact of the AS signal shape parameters on the RTE and discuss the practical implications of our findings.
Gaps in the Safety Net Metaphor

Author suggests looking at patients as characters, rather than problems to be solved, and at the ER as more than a safety net. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Intrathecal Ziconotide: Complications and Clinical Considerations

Ziconotide (Prialt) is available for intrathecal therapy for severe nociceptive and neuropathic chronic pain. It is a synthetic deviate of an omega-conotoxin, which is an N-type voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor. It can be used alone or with combination therapy. The initial starting dose for ziconotide infusion is less than or equal to 2.4 mcg/day or 0.1 mcg/h and is recommended to be titrated slowly to help avoid adverse effects such as confusion and memory impairment.
Clandestine/Hidden Organizations

Clandestine/hidden organizations are composed of groups of people who keep their affiliations secret and conceal internal and external organizational activities. Since the early 2000s, the prominence and notoriety of clandestine organizations have made them the subject of much discussion, debate, and research, although they have existed throughout human history. Three distinct communication characteristics that distinguish clandestine organizations from other types of collective organization create several theoretical, methodological, and ethical challenges for researchers. The increasing development and use of digital information technologies make the study of clandestine organizations both easier and more difficult. Keywords: clandestine organizations; dark web; hidden organizations; secret societies
A subset of patients with pemphigoid (herpes) gestationis has serological evidence of celiac disease.

Background Pemphigoid (herpes) gestationis (PG) is an uncommon, self-limited disease with other autoimmune associations; however, celiac disease (CD) is not recognized as one. Methods From 71 patients' sera submitted for herpes gestationis factor (HGF) testing over a 5-year period, 12 were consistent with PG demonstrating HGF and increased IgG BP180 antibody levels; these sera were tested for IgA and IgG endomysial antibodies (EMA), epithelial basement membrane zone and cell surface antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence, and for IgA and IgG tissue transglutaminase (transglutaminase 2 or TG2) antibodies, IgA epidermal transglutaminase (transglutaminase 3 or TG3) antibodies, IgG BP230, and IgG desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results Three of 12 patients' sera with PG (25%) had CD antibodies with positive IgA EMA and increased IgA TG2 antibody levels; two of these had positive IgG EMA, and one other had an increased IgA TG3 antibody level. Conclusions A subset of patients with serological findings of PG also has serological evidence of CD, which may have implications in the etiopathogenesis of PG and which reveals important information about the mother's, and possibly her infant's, health.
Energycane growth dynamics and potential early harvest penalties along the Texas Gulf Coast

Abstract The seasonal dynamics of energycane biomass accumulation has major implications in designing optimized cellulosic biomass production and logistics systems. The objectives of this study are to: 1) quantify the growth and biomass dynamics of selected energycane genotypes along the Texas Gulf Coast and 2) estimate the yield penalty and nitrogen removal of different just-in-time harvesting schemes. Field experiments were conducted in three sites along the Texas Gulf Coast with four energycane genotypes. Biomass accumulation varied greatly among genotypes, but relative biomass growth, expressed as a proportion of each genotype's end of season biomass, was similar across years and genotypes for a particular site. On a calendar time basis, relative biomass growth curve became steeper at higher latitudes, indicating a shorter growing season, a narrower harvesting window, and a greater biomass yield penalty for early season harvest. Estimated biomass yield penalties for early August harvest were 60, 44, and 32% of the biomass at crop maturity for the northernmost, intermediate and southernmost site, respectively. Early harvesting of the same amount of biomass tends to remove more nitrogen due to higher organ nitrogen concentration. Combination of organ types harvested also greatly impacts nitrogen removal. Retaining leaf blade materials in the field would remove less nitrogen as compared to harvesting all organs, but will require greater harvesting area. Results from this study highlight the need for a systematic approach to integrate critical time- and site-dependent biomass growth characteristics of energycane in optimizing biomass production and supply logistics.
The nucleosomal acidic patch relieves auto-inhibition by the ISWI remodeler SNF2h

Every human cell contains nearly two meters of DNA, which is carefully packaged to form a dense structure known as chromatin. The building block of chromatin is the nucleosome, a unit composed of a short section of DNA tightly wound up around a spool-like core of proteins called histones. The tight structure of the nucleosome prevents the cell from accessing and ‘reading’ the genes in the packaged DNA, effectively switching off these genes. So the exact placement of nucleosomes helps manage which genes are turned on. Changing the position of the nucleosomes can ‘free’ the DNA and make genes available to the cell. Enzymes called chromatin remodelers move nucleosomes around – for example, they can make the histone core slide on the DNA strand. However, it is still unclear how these enzymes recognize nucleosomes. Previous research indicates that many proteins bind to nucleosomes by using a surface on the histone proteins called the acidic patch. Could chromatin remodelers also work by interacting with this acidic patch? To address this further, Gamarra et al. investigate how a chromatin remodeler enzyme known as SNF2h interacts with a nucleosome. By default, SNF2h is inactive because two of its regions called AutoN and NegC act as brakes. The experiments show that the acidic patch helps to bypass this inactivation and switches on SNF2h. Gamarra et al. propose that, when SNF2h docks on to the nucleosome, the patch provides a landing pad for the AutoN and NegC modules; this interaction activates the enzyme, which can then start remodeling the nucleosome. However, another type of chromatin remodeler also uses the patch to interact with nucleosomes but it does not have the AutoN and NegC regions. This suggests that chromatin remodelers work with the acidic patch in different ways. Overall, the findings deepen our understanding of how DNA is packaged in cells, and how this process may go wrong and cause disease.
Analysis of giant deletions of human mitochondrial DNA in progressive external ophthalmoplegia

The ‘mitochondrial myopathies’ were initially defined mainly on the basis of morphological criteria, such as the appearance in muscle sections of ‘ragged red fibres’ (RRFs). RRFs are a morphological hallmark of proliferating mitochondria in muscle, and are seen in muscle sections stained with modified Gomori trichrome as red patches (Engel and Cunningham, 1963). In the last ten years, biochemical analyses have helped reclassify these diseases, mainly on the basis of the type of mitochondrial function which was impaired. These include defects in substrate transport and utilization, defects in the Krebs cycle, defects in oxidative phosphorylation, and defects in the respiratory chain (DiMauro et al., 1987). The bulk of the recent work in this field has focused on the respiratory chain. Only now are we beginning to analyse these errors at the molecular genetic level.
Correction to: Mass Media and Electoral Preferences During the 2016 US Presidential Race

This erratum provides additional analysis and clarification relating to the original version of the article.
Inadequate Dietary Potassium and Progression of CKD.

The serious consequences of abnormal potassium concentrations in patients with advanced kidney disease (CKD) are not uncommon but have focused more attention on treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia than hypokalemia. Nevertheless, the prevalence rates in CKD of hyperkalemia (15%–20%) and
Book Review: Judith F. Baca by Anna Indych-López

Judith F. Baca , by Anna Indych-Lopez. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Los Angeles: UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center, 2018. 190 pp., 87 color illus. $29.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0895511607 Scholars have long debated tensions and best practices for assessing aesthetics and the local
Moving a large collection quickly: A study in chaos

AbstractThe University of Louisville’s Ekstrom Library needed to remove 260,000 items from its shelves, and shift a further 95,000 within an extremely short deadline ahead of plans to redesign its ...