cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol reduction by a high-glucose diet in a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: A preliminary report

Abstract Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is refractory to standard dietary or drug therapy. Recent studies, however, suggest that a high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet may reduce circulating cholesterol levels in normal or hyperlipidemic subjects. In this regard, we treated a nine year old boy with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia with a liquid formula diet containing 82 to 90 percent of total calories as glucose. The diet was given as a constant nasogastric infusion or as intermittent daytime drinks followed by a nighttime infusion. Plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fell from basal levels of 719 mg/dl and 676 mg/dl to 456 mg/dl and 434 mg/dl, respectively, after one week of therapy. After approximately 14 weeks of treatment, plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 311 mg/dl and 277 mg/dl, each representing approximately a 58 percent decrease from basal levels. The fall in circulating cholesterol levels was accompanied by a regression of xanthomatous skin lesions, a rise in plasma insulin levels and no change in plasma glucose or glucagon concentrations. No adverse effects of therapy occurred. We conclude that high-carbohydrate diets may be a safe and effective adjunct in the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Comparison of the adenine nucleotide translocase in hepatomas and rat liver mitochondria

Abstract Various biochemical properties of the adenine nucleotide translocase were compared with mitochondria prepared from control and host liver, and Morris hepatomas 7777, 7800 and 5123C. The transport of phospho enol pyruvate on the adenine nucleotide translocase was found to be three to four times more active, and inhibition of the transporter by palmitoyl-CoA and atractylate considerably less in hepatoma than in host liver mitochondria. The active transport of phospho enol pyruvate was associated with a greater stimulation of calcium egress from the mitochondrial matrix by the anion in the hepatoma. The diminished sensitivity of the adenine nucleotide translocase to palmitoyl-CoA in hepatoma mitochondria was associated with lower levels of long chain acyl-CoA esters in the whole tissue. A change in activation energy at 6°C for the adenine nucleotide translocase was found in host liver mitochondria while no break point in the temperature curve was observed in hepatoma mitochondria. These results are most consistent with a change in the structure-function relationship of hepatoma mitochondria due to differences in lipid composition.
Determining tunable diode laser spectrometer performance through measurement of N(2)0 line intensities and widths at 7.8 microm.

The N2O R(8) doublet of the 1110–0110 band at 7.8 μm was measured by a tunable diode laser spectrometer designed and assembled at Perkin-Elmer. The spectra were digitized and least-squares fitted to Voigt line profiles to yield N2O line parameters and a quantitative measure of instrument performance. Scans at various pressures produced consistent spectral line values: S0 = (0.1746 ± 0.0043)cm−2/atm at 300 K, αL(N2O − N2O) = (0.1066 ± 0.0041)cm−1/atm, αD = (1.194 ± 0.018) × 10−3 cm−1, and αL(N2O − N2) = (0.0870 ± 0.0015)cm−1/atm. A spectrum with several levels of synthetic noise added was used to verify the fitting algorithm’s stability. The spectrometer was shown to possess an excellent SNR (e.g., 900:1) and wave number precision (≤2 × 10−4 cm−1) for spectral scans with 0.1-sec time constant.
Regional economic analysis: A systems dynamics approach

Abstract This paper describes the development, validation, testing, and utilization of a systems dynamics model of the stagnating economy of the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. The model focuses on the operation of the area's labor market and uses an age-specific regimen for predicting changes in population, and the concept that the area's unemployment level is inversely related to its exports. The validity of the model is tested by setting its initial conditions to the 1960 values of its variables and running the model forward to 1970. Testing and utilization has involved a series of policy action simulations designed to determine what set of conditions might lead to improvement in the regional economy during the period 1975–2000. Extensive test results from application of the model are presented, and the implications of the various policy actions are discussed.
Clinical and financial impact of a palliative care program at a small rural hospital

Abstract Background: Palliative care (PC) programs attempt to improve communication and symptom management, and a consequence has been lower cost of in-hospital death. To date, most research has focused on urban large hospitals. This study reports the clinical and financial impact of a new palliative care service at a 76-bed nonprofit hospital located in rural Virginia, Rappahannock General Hospital (RGH). Methods: The RGH PC program started in 2006 with a part-time physician on grant support. We collected the number of consults, physician billing and receipts, and calculated the impact on the hospital's charges for patients treated with concurrent palliative care. Results: The program was well accepted clinically with referrals from most of the palliative care physician's colleagues. After the first year of operation, she has about 10 new consults and a total of 45 visits per month. Billings for this year are projected to be $59,070 and her collections are projected to be $29,604 (50%). Hospital charges ...
The synthesis of lysine α-ketoamide thrombin inhibitord via an epoxy amide ring opening

Abstract We describe a novel route for the preparation of substituted α-ketoamides of lysine. These compounds, due to the presence of an electrophilic carbonyl, display submicromolar activity toward the enzyme thrombin.
Disparities in treatment and survival between African American and White women with vaginal cancer

Abstract Objective The study aims to compare the difference in treatment and survival between White (W) and African American (AA) patients with vaginal cancer (VC). Methods Patients with a diagnosis of invasive vaginal cancer were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from 1988 to 2007 and were divided into White (W) and African American (AA) subgroups. Student's t test, Kaplan–Meier survival methods, and Cox regression proportional hazards were performed. Results A total of 2675 patients met the inclusion criteria, with histologic distribution of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 2190, 82%) and adenocarcinoma (AC; 485, 18%); 2294 (85.8%) were W, and 381 (14.2%) were AA. Median age was 69 for W and 65 for AA ( p p =0.019). Radiation therapy was utilized equally in both racial groups; however, surgical treatment alone or combined with radiation therapy was more frequent in W compared with AA (27.7% vs. 17.5%, p The 5-year survival was 45% in W and 38.6% in AA ( p =0.008). In multivariate analysis, AA had significantly poorer survival compared with Whites when controlling for age, histology, stage, grade and treatment modality (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4, p =0.007). Conclusions African American women with vaginal cancer were more likely to present, at a younger age, advanced stage and less likely to receive surgical treatment. Our data suggests that AA race is an independent predictor of poor survival in vaginal cancer.
A decade of AIRE.

Diane Mathis and Christophe Benoist describe how our understanding of the function of autoimmune regulator (AIRE) has developed over the last decade, from its discovery to its role in central tolerance. Key questions that need to be addressed over the next decade are also highlighted. In 1997, the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene was identified as the locus underlying susceptibility to the polyendocrine autoimmune disease known as autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). In the intervening 10 years, it has become increasingly clear that this rare disorder has provided us with an illuminative window on one of the most fundamental processes of the immune system — the establishment and maintenance of self tolerance.
Characterization of hapten-human serum albumins and their complexes with specific human antisera

Human antisera against trimellityl-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin were fractionated by Sephadex G200. The fractions containing IgG were pooled and reacted with trimellityl 125I-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-125I-human serum albumin, and these mixtures were again fractionated through Sephadex G200. The resultant chromatographic profiles showed two peaks. The first peak contained hapten-human serum albumin-antibody as demonstrated by the precipitability of radioactivity with anti-human IgG. During these studies it was found that trimellityl-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin have different elution profiles and electrophoretic mobilities than human serum albumin. Trimellityl-human serum albumin elutes earlier and migrates farther toward the anode than either diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin or human serum albumin. Diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin elutes earlier and migrates farther toward the anode than human serum albumin. These results may be explained by swelling of the trimellityl-human serum albumin molecule due to the additional negative charges of the trimellityl carboxyl groups and loss of positive charges at basic amino acid binding sites of trimellityl. The lesser changes in diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin may result from only the delection of positive charges on basic amino acids of human serum albumin since diphenylmethane diisocyanate contributes no additional charge.
Structural Irregularities in Sagittal Otoliths of Black Croaker (Cheilotrema saturnum) from Southern California

Black croaker, Cheilotrema saturnum, is a sciaenid (Family Sciaenidae) common to the coastal nearshore ichthyofauna assemblage of southern California (Miller et al. 2008). Sciaenids, on average, are highly acoustic, both producing and receiving sonic vibrations via resonance through the swimbladder (Nelson 2006). Further acoustic sensing is facilitated by their relatively large sagittal otoliths, and extensive lateral line morphology (Nelson 2006; Helfman et al. 1997). Irregularities have been known to occur in sagittal otoliths, although this has historically been restricted to replacement of aragonite by vaterite as described in rockfishes (Love et al. 2002), salmon (Gauldie 1986, Sweeting et al. 2004), trout (Bowen et al. 1999, Melancon et al. 2005) and halibut (Tobin et al. 2005). During a characterization study of black croaker life history (Miller et al. 2008), irregularities were observed in a subset of sectioned otoliths. These irregularities often consisted of holes near the otolith core surrounded by discolored aragonite (personal observation). Additional sampling consistent with the methods described by Miller et al. (2008) was completed to investigate these irregularities. A total of 805 samples were collected between 2001 and 2003 and stored in paper coin envelopes until later processing in the laboratory. The standard length (mm) and collection site were recorded for each individual, and the age was later determined by Miller et al. (2008). An additional 61 individuals were collected from Newport, California on 15 June 2004 using the same gill nets described by Miller et al. (2008). Sagittal otoliths from these individuals were preserved in 90% ethanol in the field and stored until processing in the laboratory. Each otolith was weighed to the nearest 0.0001 gram and heated in an oven at 200uC for 24 hrs, and reweighed. The percent weight loss was calculated after the otoliths were removed from the oven. Ten samples with percent weight losses ranging from 1.64% to 3.67% were sectioned using the same techniques used by Miller et al. (2008). The presence or absences of an irregularity in the section was recorded for each. An irregularity was classified as any depression on the face of the transverse section large enough to be seen under stereoscope magnification (Figure 1). Distribution of irregularities within the original 805 samples was examined by age class, mean standard length within each age class, and site of collection. The distribution of irregularities by site was ln(x) transformed to achieve a normal distribution. Percent weight loss and presence/absence of holes in otoliths from the 15 June 2004 collection and each distribution data set were statistically analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; Sokal and Rohlf 1995). Of the original 805 otoliths collected, 357 (44%) were observed with structural irregularities in the otolith (Figure 1). No significant differences were detected with
A study of the fundamental frequency characteristics of eccentrically and concentrically simply supported stiffened plates

The paper investigates the fundamental frequency characteristics of eccentrically and concentrically simply supported stiffened supported plates. As a first stage, a numerical procedure for the computation of the fundamental frequency is presented. The strain energy of the assembled plate/stiffener elements is derived in terms of generalized in- and out-of-plane displacement functions and Mathematical Programming is then used to determine the lowest natural frequency. The prediction of the described algorithm is verified with other numerical procedures like finite-element, finite-strip and finite-difference methods. Results are then presented showing the influence of the plate/stiffener geometric parameters on the fundamental frequency of the structure with various concentric and eccentric stiffening configurations.
Fuzzy multicriterion design using immune network simulation

Structural optimization problems have been traditionally formulated in terms of crisply defined objective and constraint functions. With a shift in application focus towards more practical problems, there is a need to incorporate fuzzy or noncrisp information into an optimization problem statement. Such practical design problems often deal with the allocation of resources to satisfy multiple, and frequently conflicting design objectives. The present paper deals with a genetic algorithm based optimization procedure for solving multicriterion design problems where the objective or constraint functions may not be crisply defined. The approach uses a genetic algorithm based simulation of the biological immune system to solve the multicriterion design problem; fuzzy set theory is adopted to incorporate imprecisely defined information into the problem statement. A notable strength of the proposed approach is its ability to generate a Pareto-Edgeworth front of compromise solutions in a single execution of the GA.
On growth and form in psychiatric research.

This concludes the review of the growth and form of the psychiatric research organisms. A beginning science of the disorders of the subject has been offered.
Expression of urokinase plasminogen activator and receptor in conjunction with the ets family and AP-1 complex transcription factors in high grade prostate cancers

Expression of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) correlates with tumour cell invasiveness and helps to determine the prognosis of prostate and other cancers. The purpose of this study was to establish in prostate cancer, the ets family and AP-1 complex transcription factors that might activate the inducible AP-1 and AP-1/PEA3 elements of the uPA enhancer. uPA and uPAR were expressed preferentially in adenocarcinoma cells, but not the stroma of high grade prostate cancers. The ets family paralogues Fli-1 and Elf-1 were also highly expressed in adenocarcinoma cells of the majority of cancers, while Erg 1,2 and Ets-2 were expressed in a minority of cancers and Elk-1, PEA3 and PU.1 were minimally expressed. A minority of cancers expressed high levels of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear c-Jun and c-Fos transcription factors. We speculate as to the molecular basis for such expression.
The presence of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin in black band disease of corals

Black band disease (BBD) is a migrating, cyanobacterial dominated, sulfide-rich microbial mat that moves across coral colonies lysing coral tissue. While it is known that BBD sulfate-reducing bacteria contribute to BBD pathogenicity by production of sulfide, additional mechanisms of toxicity may be involved. Using HPLC/MS, the cyanotoxin microcystin was detected in 22 field samples of BBD collected from five coral species on nine reefs of the wider Caribbean (Florida Keys and Bahamas). Two cyanobacterial cultures isolated from BBD, Geitlerinema and Leptolyngbya sp. contained microcystin based on HPLC/MS, with toxic activity confirmed using the protein phosphatase inhibition assay. The gene mcyA from the microcystin synthesis complex was detected in two field samples and from both BBD cyanobacterial cultures. Microcystin was not detected in six BBD samples from a different area of the Caribbean (St Croix, USVI) and the Philippines, suggesting regional specificity for BBD microcystin. This is the first report of the presence of microcystin in a coral disease.
Proximal ethanol pretreatment interferes with acquisition of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference.

Neurobiological mechanisms underlying rewarding and aversive effects of drugs are often studied by examining effects of various pretreatments on acquisition of conditioned place preference (CPP) or conditioned place aversion (CPA). However, few studies have looked at effects of pretreatment with the same drug used during conditioning. Such studies might offer insight into agonist actions on conditioning while also mimicking real world contingencies experienced by drug users. Previous work from our laboratory, which showed that same drug pre-exposure interfered with acquisition of ethanol CPA but not CPP, was limited by the use of only one pre-treatment time interval (65 min). Thus, the present studies were designed to study other intervals (−5, −15, −30). Pretreatment of DBA/2J mice with ethanol (2 g/kg) reduced the activity response normally evoked by the conditioning dose (2 g/kg) at all pretreatment times, but acquisition of CPP was disrupted only by pretreatment at −5 min. The overall pattern of findings suggests that ethanol’s early pharmacological effects interfered with learning the association between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and ethanol 5 min later. Thus, one would expect ethanol agonists, when administered in close proximity to CS-ethanol pairings, to interfere with control of ethanol seeking by that CS.
Effects of indenter geometry and material properties on the correction factor of Sneddon’s relationship for nanoindentation of elastic and elastic–plastic materials

Abstract Finite element simulations of indentations on elastic and elastic–plastic materials have been performed to systematically study the effects of indenter geometry and mechanical properties, namely Poisson’s ratio and the E/σy ratio, on the correction factor for Sneddon’s equation used for analysis of nanoindentation data. Two indenter geometries, namely conical and Berkovich indenters, have been considered. It has been shown that the first-order correction for conical indentation on elastic materials previously developed by Hay et al. [Hay JC, Bolshakov A, Pharr GM. J Mater Res 1999;14:2296–305] can be applied only to conical indentation of elastic deformation-dominated materials but not to Berkovich indentation. A new general relationship for the estimation of the correction factor for Berkovich indentation is proposed based on the finite element simulation results. This relationship gives a better estimation of correction factor for Berkovich indentations on both elastic and elastic–plastic materials.
Communal breeding in green woodhoopoes as a case for reciprocity

RECIPROCITY1, or reciprocal altruism2, and kin selection3 are concepts basic to sociobiology. Although both theories have been widely accepted4, little critical evidence exists for either5,6. Communal, or cooperatively breeding, birds are important organisms for testing these theories because nonbreeding helpers regularly provide aid to nestlings, such as food and protection. Helpers are often related to the nestlings they aid, frequently being older siblings7,8, leading some authors to conclude that kin selection is the evolutionary basis for the apparent altruism seen in cooperative breeders8,9. However, the possible influence of other, individual strategies has not been completely separated from kin selection for any communal bird; this would require elimination of kinship ties as a variable5. Aid by a helper to an unrelated young bird must either be considered an ‘accident’ or it suggests that factors other than, or in addition to, kin selection might be the evolutionary bases for helping behaviour, at least in that particular species. Here we report information on a tropical, communal bird, the green wood-hoopoe (Phoeniculus purpureus), that suggests helping is a strategy for personal gain10.
p53-Independent Downregulation of Histone Gene Expression in Human Cell Lines by High- and Low-LET Radiation

Abstract Using microarrays to analyze differential gene expression as a function of p53 status and radiation quality, we observed downregulation of a large set of histone genes in p53 wild-type TK6 cells 24 h after exposure to equitoxic doses of high-LET (1.67 Gy 1 GeV/amu 56Fe ions) or low-LET (2.5 Gy γ rays) radiation. Quantitative real-time PCR of specific subtypes of core (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) and linker (H1) histones confirmed this result. DNA synthesis and histone gene expression are tightly coordinated during the S phase of the cell cycle, and both processes are regulated by cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. However, we observed similar repression of histone gene expression in both TK6 cells and their p53-null derivative NH32 after radiation exposure, although the histone gene expression was not decreased to the same extent in NH32 cells as it was in TK6 cells. We also found decreased histone gene expression that was dose- and time-dependent in the colon...
Submolecular unfolding units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c -551

Hydrogen exchange rates for backbone amide protons of oxidized Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c-551 (P. aeruginosa cytochrome c) have been measured in the presence of low concentrations of the denaturant guanidine hydrochloride. Analysis of the data has allowed identification of submolecular unfolding units known as foldons. The highest-energy foldon bears similarity to the proposed folding intermediate for P. aeruginosa cytochrome c. Parallels are seen to the foldons of the structurally homologous horse cytochrome c, although the heme axial methionine-bearing loop has greater local stability in P. aeruginosa cytochrome c, in accord with previous folding studies. Regions of low local stability are observed to correspond with regions that interact with redox partners, providing a link between foldon properties and function.
ANDERSON LOCALIZATION IN COUPLED REVERBERATION ROOMS

It is shown that energy flow between weakly coupled reverberant systems, for example reverberation rooms coupled by a small window, can be Anderson localized. The effect is significant when the energy flow rate (in units of inverse time) is comparable to or less than modal spacings. It is found that the energy partition in the localized regime slightly overshoots its (low) asymptotic value. The effect is demonstrated in numerical simulations and in a laboratory ultrasonic system.
The mating of a fly

Courtship in Drosophila is influenced by a wide variety of genes, in that many different kinds of pleiotropic mutations lead to defective courtship. This may seem to be a truism, but the broad temporal and spatial expression of most of the fly9s "neuro genes" makes it difficult to exclude elements of such genes9 actions as materially underlying reproductive behavior. "Courtship genes" that seem to play more particular roles were originally identified as sensory, learning, or rhythm mutations; their reproductive abnormalities have been especially informative for revealing components of male or female actions that might otherwise have gone unnoticed. Further behavioral mutations seemed originally to be courtship-specific, turned out not to have that property, and have led to a broadened perspective on the nature and action of Drosophila9s sex-determination genes.
Programming Perceptions and Computer Literacy of Students Enrølled in Computer-Related Curricula

A survey of 543 freshmen and 425 juniors in computer and electrical engineering (CEE), electrical engineering (EE), industrial engineering (IE), computer science (CS), information systems (IS), and computer technology (CPT) was given. Information sought focused on their self-perceptions of difficulty with, interest in, and ability to do eight separate tasks associated with computer programming. Self-perceptions of computer literacy, knowledge, and ability to use personal computers, software packages, computer systems, hardware, and computer languages were also collected. Results of the survey are presented, analyzed, and discussed by computer discipline, by gender, and by educational level. Computer engineering, computer science, information science, and computer technology juniors tended to have higher scores than IE and EE majors. Freshmen males tended to have higher computer self-perceptions than freshman women but the gender differences at the junior level were minimal. The implications for computer education, curricula design and equal gender educational opportunities in science, engineering, and technology programs also are discussed.
Language and Literacy Curriculum Supplement for Preschoolers Who Are Academically At Risk: A Feasibility Study

Purpose The potential benefit that a low-cost scripted language and literacy supplemental curriculum titled Read It Again! (RIA; L. M. Justice, A. S. McGinty, A. R. Beckman, & C. R. Kilday, 2006) m...
A survey of snowmobiling in Vermont

Abstract Owners of a 10% sample of snowmobiles registered in Chittenden County, Vermont, were sent a questionnaire about snowmobile use patterns during the 1971–1972 season, and 85% responded. In addition, driving records were compared for snowmobile owners and non-owners of similar age and sex. Owners were predominantly male and under age 40. They average 460 miles of snowmobile travel per year, much of it at night. Over three-quarters of their machines were made by only 4 of about 60 manufacturers: Arctic Cat, SkiDoo, MotoSki, and SnoJet. Half of the owners had 2 or more machines in the family and 41% belong to snowmobile clubs. There was one loss event (property damage or injury) for every 7000 miles of exposure and one injury event per 16,700 miles. Loss rates per 10,000 miles were Arctic Cat 0.79, SkiDoo 0.79, MotoSki 0.69, SnoJet 5.41, and all other makes combined 3.38. Snowmobile owners, whether with or without mishaps on snowmobiles did not differ significantly from non-owners with respect to highway crashes or traffic citations in the files of the Department of Motor Vehicles.
Inductor structure with improved space utilisation

The core and winding of an inductor are designed to distribute flux for distributing energy uniformly in the core to utilise magnetic material throughout the core volume. The structure is designed to avoid crowding of flux for low core loss. The winding is patterned for shorter length and larger area of the cross-section for low winding loss. The footprint area of a three-cell inductor is 1.48 times less than that of the conventional toroidal inductor with same energy, maximum flux density, material properties, winding loss, and core loss.
Cornea model: Light-scattering patterns from a two-dimensional nonrandom assembly of anisotropic rods.

The light scattered by a cornea occurs mainly at small angles. The patterns obtained experimentally showed a characteristic maxima at 0° angles and a four lobe 0—90° pattern in the I+ mode and a two lobe 0—180° pattern in the I|| mode. A model system is presented here in which anisotropic rods (collagen fibrils) embedded in an isotropic medium (ground substances) form a two-dimensional assembly (lamellae) which are stacked in a nonrandom fashion (stroma). The light-scattering patterns from such a model system were calculated by varying a number of parameters, such as the length of the rod, its average orientation, etc. Thus the role of each parameter in the model in influencing light-scattering patterns in I+ and I|| mode was evaluated. Finally, the computer-simulated patterns were matched to the experimental patterns and the numerical values of the parmeters of the model were obtained.
Perioperative Beta Blockade with Propranolol: Reduction in Myocardial Oxygen Demands and Incidence of Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmias

To determine the effect of beta blockade with propranolol on myocardial oxygen demands and postoperative arrhythmias in patients having coronary bypass operations, 50 patients with chronic stable angina undergoing operation were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either propranolol (60 mg every 6 hours) or a placebo. Drug administration began 24 to 48 hours prior to operation and continued through the operative period and for one month after operation. There were no deaths. Two perioperative myocardial infarctions occurred, both in patients receiving a placebo. Myocardial oxygen demand as measured by the rate-pressure product (heart rate X mean arterial pressure) was significantly reduced during induction of anesthesia (7,658 +/- 451 versus 5,786 +/- 340; p less than 0.002) and during sternotomy (8,400 +/- 550 versus 6,756 +/- 384; p less than 0.02) in propranolol-treated patients. In the first two postoperative days, nitroprusside was required for control of hypertension of 10 patients in the placebo group but in only 3 patients given propranolol (p less than 0.05). Postoperatively, 15 of the 26 patients who received a placebo had 45 episodes of arrhythmia. Seven of the 24 propranolol-treated patients had 17 episodes (p less than 0.04). We conclude that propranolol given perioperatively in doses large enough to induce beta blockade significantly reduces myocardial oxygen demands in the vulnerable period during induction of anesthesia and sternotomy, reduces the need for antihypertensive therapy in the immediate postoperative period, and causes a marked reduction in the incidence and frequency of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in the postoperative period.
A logic-compatible embedded flash memory featuring a multi-story high voltage switch and a selective refresh scheme

A logic-compatible embedded flash memory that uses no special devices other than standard core and IO transistors is demonstrated in a low-power standard logic process having a 5nm tunnel oxide. An overstress-free high voltage switch expands the cell V TH window by >170% while a 5T embedded flash memory cell with a selective row refresh scheme is employed for improved endurance.
ENERGY AND MOMENTUM IN CHIRAL THEORIES

We calculate the energy momentum tensor to orderE4 in chiral perturbation theory. New terms not present in previous work enter the effective Lagrangian. We describe these and estimate the values of the new coupling constants, using the results of a disperisve analysis of the π andK energy momentum tensors and relying on tensor meson dominance for the spin two component. In addition, we compare our findings with the predictions of known scalar meson dominance models of the conformal anomaly.
Differential effects of DL-propranolol on norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma.

Abstract Acute administration of DL -propranolol (5 mg/kg, subcutaneous) to cats caused a significant increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) norepinephrine and a significant decrease in plasma norepinephrine. The increase in CSF norepinephrine is probably due to a reflex increase in central noradrenergic firing after beta blockade. The decrease in plasma norepinephrine reflects decreased sympathetic outflow. These results are consistent with the centrally mediated hypotensive effects of the drug.
Distribution of CD9 in the developing and mature rat nervous system

CD9 is a cell surface protein implicated in intercellular signaling that has been identified in selected cell types of the hematopoietic system. To begin a study of the role of CD9 in the developing and adult nervous system, we used the anti-rat CD9 monoclonal antibody ROCA2 to determine the distribution of this protein. The identity of the antigen in these tissues was confirmed by immunoblotting and peptide sequencing. Early embryonic sympathetic and dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells all express CD9. ROCA2 also labels the somas, axons, and growth cones of cultured sympathetic and sensory neurons. In the central nervous system (CNS), CD9 is transiently and specifically expressed in embryonic spinal motorneurons. In the adult, central and peripheral glia intensely express CD9. Thus, CD9 is developmentlly regulated in a variety of peripheral and central neurons and glia, including proliferating progenitors as well as mature cells. These findings suggest that CD9 may have diverse roles in the nervous system.
Optical coherence tomography of clear corneal incisions for cataract surgery

Purpose To study the architecture of clear corneal incisions for phacoemulsification cataract surgery using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Setting Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Methods This prospective study comprised 20 eyes of 20 patients 1 month after cataract surgery performed by 1 of 2 experienced surgeons. Temporal clear corneal single-plane incisions were made with 3.0 mm metal keratomes. Each eye was scanned before and 1 month after surgery with a prototype high-speed anterior segment OCT system (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.). The OCT scans were repeated 3 times during the same visit. The length of the corneal incision, thickness of the cornea, and position of the incision (distance from external wound edge to scleral spur) were measured using a computer caliper. The angle of the incision relative to the corneal surface was then calculated. Results The mean corneal incision length was 1.81 mm ± 0.27 (SD), the mean corneal thickness at the incision was 747 ± 67μm, and the mean distance between the incision and the scleral spur was 1.46 ± 0.24 mm. The mean angle of the incision was 26.8 ± 5.5 degrees. The measurements were repeatable to within ±0.072 mm (pooled standard deviation) for the incision length, ±11 μm for the corneal thickness, and ±0.042 mm for the position of the incision. Conclusions Optical coherence tomography allowed excellent evaluation of corneal incisions in cataract surgery postoperatively. Measurements of wound dimensions using OCT were highly repeatable.
Active Roll Control for Rollover Prevention of Heavy Articulated Vehicles With Multiple-Rollover-Index Minimization

This paper presents the application of a nominal control design algorithm for rollover prevention of heavy articulated vehicles with active anti-roll bar control. This proposed methodology is based on an extension of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control for ‘state derivative induced (control coupled) output regulation’ problems. For heavy articulated vehicles with multiple axles, a performance index with Multiple Rollover Indices (MRI) is proposed. The proposed methodology allows us to compare the usefulness of various control configurations (i.e. actuators at different axles of the vehicle) based on the interaction of this control configuration with vehicle dynamics. Application of this methodology to a specific heavy articulated vehicle with tractor semi-trailer shows that a single active anti-roll bar system at the trailer unit gives better performance than multiple-axle actuators at tractor and trailer together with the double lane change maneuver as the external disturbance.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Ripple-free tracking with robustness

Despite the previous efforts in deadbeat control, a need still exists to offer a generic design methodology for both performance and robustness. We propose a hybrid, two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) controller for the fixed-order constrained optimization problem addressing performance and robustness specifications. The controller is given in terms of the solution of two Diophantine equations. Simple parameterization of these Diophantine equations allows for straight-forward optimization and constraint satisfaction for both performance and robustness measures.
Radiosynthesis of 5-(2-(4-pyridinyl)vinyl)-6-chloro-3-(1-[(11)C]methyl-2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine, a high affinity ligand for studying nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by positron emission tomography.

Abstract 5-(2-(4-pyridinyl)vinyl)-6-chloro-3-(1-methyl-2-( S )-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine ( 1b ) exhibited high affinity for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the in vitro competition binding assays, with a K d value in the low picomolar range, performed at room temperature and at physiological temperature. An efficient radiochemical synthesis of 5-(2-(4-pyridinyl)vinyl)-6-chloro-3-(1-[ 11 C]methyl-2-( S )-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine ( 1c ), a potential tracer for the study of nAChR by positron emission tomography, has been developed.
Hygrothermal characterization of the viscoelastic properties of Gore-Select ® 57 proton exchange membrane

When a proton exchange membrane (PEM) based fuel cell is placed in service, hygrothermal stresses develop within the membrane and vary widely with internal operating environment. These hygrothermal stresses associated with hygral contraction and expansion at the operating conditions are believed to be critical in membrane mechanical integrity and durability. Understanding and accurately modeling the viscoelastic constitutive properties of a PEM is important for making hygrothermal stress predictions in the cyclic temperature and humidity environment of operating fuel cells. The tensile stress relaxation moduli of a commercially available PEM, Gore-Select® 57, were obtained over a range of humidities and temperatures. These tests were performed using TA Instruments 2980 and Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzers (DMA), which are capable of applying specified tensile loading conditions on small membrane samples at a given temperature. A special humidity chamber was built in the form of a cup that encloses tension clamps of the DMA. The chamber was inserted in the heating furnace of the DMA and connected to a gas humidification unit by means of plastic tubing through a slot in the chamber. Stress relaxation data over a temperature range of 40–90°C and relative humidity range of 30–90% were obtained. Thermal and hygral master curves were constructed using thermal and hygral shift factors and were used to form a hygrothermal master curve using the time temperature moisture superposition principle. The master curve was also constructed independently using just one shift factor. The hygrothermal master curve was fitted with a 10-term Prony series for use in finite element software. The hygrothermal master curve was then validated using longer term tests. The relaxation modulus from longer term data matches well with the hygrothermal master curve. The long term test showed a plateau at longer times, suggesting an equilibrium modulus.
Structural characterization of a new polyacetylene: Preferred orientation and coherence length

Abstract We use neutron and X-ray diffraction to characterize the morphology of (CD) x and (CH) x films prepared by the Naarmann-Theophilou route. The mosaic distribution of chain axes normal to the plane of the film, and the longitudinal and transverse coherence lengths, are reported for cis - and trans -isomers. The only significant difference with respect to other new preparation methods is a slightly greater coherence length along the chain axes. The mosaic is intermediate between those of stretched Shirakawa and Graz-Durham materials. Bulk thermal isomerization from cis to trans is complete at 140°C.
Fixation of carbon dioxide in the dark by the malic enzyme of bean and oat stem rust uredospores.

Malic enzyme was found in both bean rust and cat stem rust uredospores. In bean rust uredospores it was shown to catalyze the formation of pyruvic acid from l-malic acid and to synthesize malic acid from pyruvic acid and CO2. The malic enzyme from bean rust uredospores was specific for NADP and dependent on manganous ions for activity. The specific activity of the bean rust malic enzyme in crude extracts of ungerminated uredospores was approximately 6 times greater than that found in crude extracts obtained from germinated uredospores. The malic enzyme was also found in extracts obtained from healthy and rust-infected bean leaves. The specific activity of the enzyme was approximately 2 to 5 times greater in partially purified extracts obtained from the infected bean tissue at 6 days after inoculation. The specific activity of the malic enzyme in crude extracts obtained from oat stem rust uredospores was 2 times greater than the specific activity of this enzyme in crude extracts obtained from bean rust uredospores. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity could not be demonstrated in crude extracts obtained from the ungerminated uredospores of the bean rust fungus.
Paracrine stimulation of surfactant secretion by extracellular ATP in response to mechanical deformation.

We developed a heterologous system to study the effect of mechanical deformation on alveolar epithelial cells. First, isolated primary rat alveolar type II (ATII) cells were plated onto silastic su...
Aristocratic Indebtedness in the Nineteenth Century: A Restatement

IT was an altogether unexpected pleasure to find Prof. Spring eager and willing to comment on my recent article.' It was even more gratifying to discover on how many points we agreed.2 As to his criticisms, these may be put under three headings: (i) that I inadequately summarized the nature and argument of his contribution to the debate of the I950s; (2) that the main point of difference between us concerns the extent to which there was or was not a fundamental change in the aristocracy's financial position in the mid-Victorian period; and (3) that I have overstated the importance of his own contribution to the developing historiography of nineteenth-century English landed society. Let me deal with each of these points in turn.
A lead isotope study of mineralization in the Saudi Arabian Shield

New lead isotope data are presented for some late Precambrian and early Paleozoic vein and massive sulfide deposits in the Arabian Shield. Using the Stacey Kramers (1975) model for lead isotope evolution, isochron model ages range between 720 m.y. and 420 m.y. Most of the massive sulfide deposits in the region formed before 680 m.y. ago, during evolution of the shield. Vein type mineralization of higher lead content occurred during the Pan African event about 550 m.y. ago and continued through the Najd period of extensive faulting in the shield that ended about 530 m.y. ago. Late post-tectonic metamorphism may have been responsible for vein deposits that have model ages less than 500 m.y. Alternatively some of these younger model ages may be too low due to the mineralizing fluids acquiring radiogenic lead from appreciably older local crustal rocks at the time of ore formation.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Quinacrine for the Treatment of HBsAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis

Several drugs which react with DNA decrease hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA polymerase activity in vitro. Because such an alteration of viral replication, if produced in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis, may lead to elimination of viral infection, we conducted a controlled trial of the use of the intercalating agent, quinacrine hydrochloride, in treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis. No patient converted from HBsAg positive to negative during the trial and no consistent effect on HBV DNA polymerase activity was noted. Following treatment, elevated transaminase values and alterations of HBV markers were observed in several patients. Fluctuations of transaminase values and HBV markers may reflect alterations in host immunity and viral replication. Quinacrine alone is ineffective in therapy of chronic HBV infection. Additional study with intercalating agents, perhaps in conjunction with other drugs, is suggested.
Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Development of Onychomycosis

Since the early 20th century, onychomycosis originated with the onset of war, the use of occlusive footwear, and the mass migration of people by transportation in the United States. Even though onychomycosis has a high prevalence in the US, other parts of the world including Canada, West Africa, Southeast Asia, Northern Australia, and Europe have been well documented with cases of fungal toenail infection in their environments. Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) is the major dermatophyte responsible for toenail fungal infection and is typically diagnosed in conjunction with tinea pedis, especially in individuals older than 60 years. Gender roles, age, cultural habits, shoe gear, sports activities, and genetic predisposition all contribute to the different presentation of onychomycosis in these areas where organisms like dermatophytes, candida, and molds were isolated in a variety of cases. Despite the differences in isolated pathogens, treatment outcomes remained consistent. This literature review discusses the influence of tinea pedis, genetics, shoe gear, sports, and age on the development of onychomycosis.
Xenobiotics and the Evolution of Multicellular Animals: Emergence and Diversification of Ligand-Activated Transcription Factors

SYNOPSIS. Multicellular animals, which evolved about 700 to 1,000 myr ago, contain many of the genes found in yeast. Important for the evolution of multicellular animals were new pathways for intercellular signaling that regulated more complex physiological responses. Here we focus on the contribution to this process of lipophilic molecules that interact with nuclear receptors and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, as well as enzymes that regulate the concentrations of these molecules. Both nuclear receptors and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor are found in invertebrates and vertebrates. We propose that environmental chemicals (xenobiotics) have been an important influence on the evolution of multicellular animals through a process involving the co-evolution of ligand-activated transcription factors and enzymes that detoxify xenobiotics. Indeed, this conversion of ‘‘xenobiotic swords’’ into ‘‘adaptive plowshares’’ contributed to the diverse physiology found in multicelluar animals. An important implication of this analysis is that enzymes as well as hormone receptors are vulnerable targets for endocrine disruptors. That is, some toxic chemicals act by inhibiting the enzymes that catalyze the formation or degradation of lipophilic signals, such as steroids, thus, disrupting hormone action.