cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of a Two-Equation Turbulence Model in the High-Order Flux Correction Scheme

In this work, we examine a two-equation turbulence model in the flux correction method for three-dimensional turbulent flows on strand grids. Building upon previous work, flux derivatives along strands are treated with high-order summation-by-parts operators and penalty-based boundary conditions. To achieve turbulence closure in the ReynoldsAveraged Navier-Stokes equations, the two-equation Menter SST k-ω turbulence model is employed. Oscillations caused by the large specific dissipation rate viscous wall boundary condition are damped with selected techniques and the symmetric limited positive scheme of Jameson. Verification and validation studies are considered and demonstrate the flux correction method achieves a high degree of accuracy for the Menter SST turbulence model without any oscillations in the solution. High-order turbulent flux correction results demonstrate improvements in accuracy with minimal computational and algorithmic overhead over traditional second-order algorithms.
The Enthalpies of Combustion and Formation of 2,2'-Dichloroethyl Sulfide.

The enthalpies of combustion and formation of 2,2'-dichlorethyl sulfide (mustard gas) have been determined by combustion in an adiabatic rotating-bomb calorimeter. The bomb process has been corrected to: C4H8Cl2S(liq)+7O2(g)+98H2O(liq)→4CO2(g)+[2HCl+H2SO4+100H2O](liq) for which the following values were obtained: ΔHc°(25°C)=-3163.49±1.26kJ/molandΔHf°(25°C)=-200.57±1.58kJ/mol..
On Generalized Entropy and Entropic Metrics.

Starting from an axiomatization of a generalization of Shannon entropy we introduce a set of axioms for a parametric family of distances over sets of partitions of finite sets. This family includes some well-known metrics used in data mining and in the study of finite functions.
Enhancement Effect of Fused Double Benzene-Ring Structure on the Light Output of Carborane-Loaded Toluene- and Pseudocumene-Based Scintillators

Four sample groups were prepared by adding different concentrations of naphthalene (NP) or of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene (DIN) as a secondary solvent ( ${{\rm S}_2}$ ) in carborane-loaded toluene (TL)- and pseudocumene (PC)-based scintillators. The pulse-height spectra of the samples in response to $^{137}{\rm Cs}\ \gamma $ -rays and to thermal neutrons were collected to study the light output ( $L$ ) enhancement effect of ${{\rm S}_2}$ . It is found that for all sample groups, $L$ increases to a plateau with the concentration of secondary solvent ([ ${{\rm S}_2}$ ]). As [ ${{\rm S}_2}$ ] is increased from 0 to saturation concentration, $L$ increases by 31–45% and 34–53% in response to $^{137}{\rm Cs}\ \gamma $ -rays and to thermal neurons, respectively. A first-order approximation model is proposed to fit to the experimental data. The enhancement factor ( ${k_h}$ ) and maximum $L$ of each sample group are obtained from curve fitting. The Birks factor ( kB ) and electron equivalent energy ( keVee ) of each sample are calculated by a numerical method based on Birks formula. The $L$ enhancement is discussed according to the percent changes of these parameters. In conclusion, the enhancement effect is attributed mainly to the fused double benzene-ring structure of NP and DIN, which has more delocalized electrons, and provides faster Forster resonance energy transfer paths than the single benzene-ring structure of TL and PC. Adding NP or DIN leads to a significant increase in absolute scintillation efficiency $(S)$ and a slight decrease in kB for both scintillators. It is believed that DIN has slightly larger enhancement effect than NP. A so-called “dynamic quenching” is confirmed to exist in the scintillation process based on the ${k_h}$ values in response to $^{137}{\rm Cs}\ \gamma $ -rays and to thermal neutrons.
Urethral sphincterotomy for chronic spinal cord injury.

AbstractThis study involves 53 patients with chronic spinal cord injury for 3 to 30 years in duration who had remained on catheter retention, had experienced different complications and were selected for urethral sphincterotomy. The pertinent and related literature, the results of patient evaluation and the indications, methods and complications of sphincterotomies will be discussed. Also presented are interesting points of the urodynamic studies and the justification and encouraging results of sphincterotomy in these patients.
Hallelujah, I’m a Bum: The Glorification of Unemployment

The standard ingredients of the American success myth — the promise of social mobility, the irrelevance of accidents of birth, the cult of individual enterprise, the dividends paid by hard work, the cornucopia of consumer goods that are the reward for toil — are so much a part of our daily fare that to question them seems subversive. Ideology, by definition, is normative, and the norms of the success myth are among the most intrinsic of American ideologies. But the recursive loop between myth and ideology is stretched to its limits by Hollywood movies that manage to foreground the myth’s ideological inconsistencies. Such films put the cultural contradictions regarding work, success, and fulfillment in their crosshairs, setting their sights on the ways in which the American idea of success is conflated with vocational achievement, material attainment, and individual will. In counterposing contentment with conventional notions of success, they suggest that one needs to be sacrificed in order to achieve the other. The prior two chapters have shown that this marked ambivalence is consistently evident in stories revolving around professional success as an indicator of self-worth. On the one hand, work is equated with masculinity, adulthood, and deep-seated American ideas about individual initiative and mobility. Alternatively — and sometimes simultaneously — work is seen as demeaning and spiritually deadening, and only an escape from the workaday world allows one to regain his individuality and integrity.
Thrust-Assisted Perching and Climbing for a Bioinspired UAV

We present a multi-modal robot that flies, perches and climbs on outdoor surfaces such as concrete or stucco walls. Although the combination of flying and climbing mechanisms in a single platform extracts a weight penalty, it also provides synergies. In particular, a small amount of aerodynamic thrust can substantially improve the reliability of perching and climbing, allowing the platform to maneuver on otherwise risky surfaces. The approach is inspired by thrust-assisted perching and climbing observed in various animals including flightless birds.
Neurologic Recovery After Cardiac Arrest: a Multifaceted Puzzle Requiring Comprehensive Coordinated Care

Surviving cardiac arrest (CA) requires a longitudinal approach with multiple levels of responsibility, including fostering a culture of action by increasing public awareness and training, optimization of resuscitation measures including frequent updates of guidelines and their timely implementation into practice, and optimization of post-CA care. This clearly goes beyond resuscitation and targeted temperature management. Brain-directed physiologic goals should dictate the post-CA management, as accumulating evidence suggests that the degree of hypoxic brain injury is the main determinant of survival, regardless of the etiology of arrest. Early assessment of the need for further hemodynamic and electrophysiologic cardiac interventions, adjusting ventilator settings to avoid hyperoxia/hypoxia while targeting high-normal to mildly elevated PaCO2, maintaining mean arterial blood pressures >65 mmHg, evaluating for and treating seizures, maintaining euglycemia, and aggressively pursuing normothermia are key steps in reducing the bioenergetic failure that underlies secondary brain injury. Accurate neuroprognostication requires a multimodal approach with standardized assessments accounting for confounders while recognizing the importance of a delayed prognostication when there is any uncertainty regarding outcome. The concept of a highly specialized post-CA team with expertise in the management of post-CA syndrome (mindful of the brain-directed physiologic goals during the early post-resuscitation phase), TTM, and neuroprognostication, guiding the comprehensive care to the CA survivor, is likely cost-effective and should be explored by institutions that frequently care for these patients. Finally, providing tailored rehabilitation care with systematic reassessment of the needs and overall goals is key for increasing independence and improving quality-of-life in survivors, thereby also alleviating the burden on families. Emerging evidence from multicenter collaborations advances the field of resuscitation at an incredible pace, challenging previously well-established paradigms. There is no more room for “conventional wisdom” in saving the survivors of cardiac arrest.
Dual-Layer Dielectric Stack for Thermally-Isolated Low-Power Phase-Change Memory

Thermal confinement has been used to reduce the reset energy of phase-change memory (PCM) devices and prevent heat losses into the surrounding structure. Specifically, for confined PCM cells, most of the heat losses were found to be into the surrounding dielectric. This work explores reset energy reduction attained by implementing a dual-layer dielectric stack as the dielectric in PCM devices to reduce heat loss to the surrounding dielectric. Reset energies of 69 &#177; 11 pJ and reset currents of 190 &#177; 13 &#x00B5;A are attained for a 500 nm &#x000D7; 20 nm heater contact area. Compared to SiO2 devices of identical dimensions, this shows a 44% current reduction and 54% energy reduction enabled with this simple modification of the fabrication process. Finite-element simulation results show that the energy reduction is primarily caused by improved heating of the phase-change layer and reduced heat loss into the dielectric.
Minimum Required Detection Range for Detect and Avoid of Unmanned Aircraft Systems

For unmanned aircraft systems to gain full access to the National Airspace System, they must have the capability to detect and avoid other aircraft. To safely avoid another aircraft, an unmanned ai...
Measuring lifetime stress exposure and protective factors in life course research on racial inequality and birth outcomes

AbstractThere has been a long-standing interest in better understanding how social factors contribute to racial disparities in health, including birth outcomes. A recent emphasis in this context has been on identifying the effects of stress exposure and protective factors experienced over the entire lifetime. Yet despite repeated calls for a life course approach to research on this topic, very few studies have actually assessed how stressors and protective factors occurring over women’s lives relate to birth outcomes. We discuss this issue here by describing how challenges in the measurement of lifetime stress exposure and protective factors have prevented researchers from developing an empirically-based life course perspective on health. First, we summarize prevailing views on racial inequality and birth outcomes; second, we discuss measurement challenges that exist in this context; and finally, we describe both new tools and needed tools for assessing lifetime stress exposure and suggest opportunities f...
Predictors of Infections and Mortality in Adult Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

AbstractBackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used in various clinical settings, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiogenic shock and refractory septic shock. One of the associated risks is acquisition of infections during bypass because of the multiple cannulation sites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of healthcare associated infections (HAI) and mortality in adult patients on ECMO.MethodsThis was a retrospective descriptive study at a 1550 bed University- affiliated tertiary medical center in Miami, Florida. We looked at patients over 18 years old on ECMO for > 48 hours between January 1–August 31, 2016. The presence of an infection before ECMO placement or acquired during ECMO support were noted. Only culture- proven infections were included. The primary outcome was to identify risk factors associated with HAI or mortality.Results40 patients undergoing ECMO during the study period were identified. 25 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. During a total of 364 ECMO days, 12 patients out of 25 had microbiologically proven infection (48 %). There were 7 ventilator associated pneumonias (41%), 5 bacteremias (29%), 2 pleural empyemas (12%), 2 Clostridium difficile colitis (12%) and 1 mediastinitis (6%). Candida species were the predominant blood isolates (60%). The rate of infection per 1,000 ECMO days was 46.7.The overall in-hospital mortality was 64%. There was no impact of infection on mortality, length of ICU,or hospital stay. ECMO use for 7 days. (P-value 0.0136, OR 0.089, CI: 0.01–0.6). Charlson-comorbidity score of 5 or more was associated with higher episodes of bacteremia (P = 0.0023, OR = 16, CI = 1.38–185.41).ConclusionInfections did not have an impact on mortality. Patients on ECMO for less than 8 days had less episodes of infections. Patients with Charlson-comorbidity index of 5 or more were associated with higher episodes of bacteremia. Further prospective cohort studies are necessary to address causality and to determine infection and mortality predictors that can be modified for patients undergoing ECMO.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Conventional influenza vaccines influence the performance of a universal influenza vaccine in mice.

Universal influenza vaccines are designed to protect against diverse strains of influenza virus. Preclinical testing of new vaccine candidates is usually done in naive animals, despite intended use in the human population with its varied immune history including responses to previous vaccinations. As an approach more relevant to human use, we tested a candidate universal influenza vaccine in mice with a history of conventional vaccination. Female BALB/c mice were given two intramuscular doses of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids vaccine (DT), one month apart. Another group was given two intranasal doses of live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV). One month after the second dose, mice were given the universal influenza vaccine: recombinant adenoviruses expressing influenza A nucleoprotein (A/NP) and matrix 2 (M2) (A/NP + M2-rAd). Immune responses to universal vaccine antigens A/NP and M2 were assessed by ELISA and interferon-γ ELISPOT. Protection was tested by challenge with mouse-adapted A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) and monitoring for weight loss and survival. Universal vaccine performance was enhanced, inhibited or unaffected by particular prior vaccinations. Mice given Afluria IIV and LAIV had greater antibody and T-cell response to A/NP than mice without prior vaccination, providing examples of enhanced A/NP + M2-rAd performance. Though Fluvirin IIV partially inhibited, the universal vaccine still provided considerable protection unlike conventional vaccination. Fluzone IIV and DT had no effect on A/NP + M2-rAd performance. Thus our results demonstrate that universal vaccine candidate A/NP + M2-rAd was at least partially effective in mice with diverse prior histories. However, the degree of protection and nature of the immune responses may be affected by a history of conventional vaccination and suggests that performance in humans would be influenced by immune history.
A Rectangle Mining Method for Understanding the Semantics of Financial Tables

Financial statements report crucial information in tables with complex semantic structure, which are desirable, yet challenging, to interpret automatically. For example, in such tables a row of data cells is often explained by the headers of other rows. In a departure from prior art, we propose a rectangle mining framework for understanding complex tables, which considers rectangular regions rather than individual cells or pairs of cells in a table. We instantiate this framework with ReMine, an algorithm for extracting row header semantics of table, and show that it significantly outperforms prior pair-wise classification approaches on two datasets: (i) a set of manually labeled financial tables from multiple companies, and (ii) the ICDAR 2013 Table Competition dataset.
Physical Activity and Psychological Correlates during an After-School Running Club.

ABSTRACTBackground: After-school programs (ASPs) have the potential to contribute to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but there is limited empirical evidence to guide their development and implementation. Purpose: This study assessed the replication of an elementary school running program and identified psychological correlates of children’s MVPA. Methods: We used pedometry to measure participant PA%, MVPA%, and MVPA% of PA during a 20-session alternating treatments design and examined associations between various psychological constructs and MVPA levels using odds ratios. Results: PA% (62.2% vs 76.1%, effect size [ES] = −0.65) was lower and MVPA% (33.3% vs 15.8%, ES = 0.75) and MVPA% of PA (53.6% vs 20.2%, ES = 0.91) were higher during game vs lap running conditions. The constructs of recognition, ego orientation, and expectancy beliefs distinguished between children with high and low MVPA. Discussion: The replication of results for MVPA with a different cohort provides evidence of program ...
Successful management of extremely high-output refractory congenital chylothorax with chemical pleurodesis using 4% povidone-iodine and propranolol: a case report

First-line therapy for congenital chylothorax is conservative treatment. However, surgical intervention or chemical pleurodesis is required for refractory cases. With all the concerns regarding its complications, povidone-iodin provided a successful management for a high-output congenital chylothorax. However, renal and thyroid function must be monitored during treatment.
Arachidonic Acid Induces the Migration of MDA-MB-231 Cells by Activating Raft-associated Leukotriene B4 Receptors.

Background The migration of tumor cells is critical in spreading cancers through the lymphatic nodes and circulatory systems. Although arachidonic acid (AA) and its soluble metabolites have been shown to induce the migration of breast and colon cancer cells, the mechanism by which it induces such migration has not been fully understood. Objective The effect of AA on migratory responses of the MDA-MB-231 cell line (a triple-negative breast cancer cell) was examined and compared with MCF-7 (estrogen-receptor positive) breast cancer cells to elucidate the mechanism of AA-induced migration. Methods Migrations of breast cancer cells were examined with the help of wound-healing assays. AA-induced eicosanoid synthesis was monitored by RP-HPLC. Cellular localizations of lipoxygenase and lipid rafts were assessed by immunoblot and confocal microscopy. Results AA treatment stimulated the synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and HETE-8, but lowered the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), and HETE-5 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Further analysis indicated that AA increased the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in this cell line and inhibiting its expression by small molecule inhibitors lowered the production of LTB4 and reduced migration. In contrast, MCF-7 cells did not show any appreciable changes in eicosanoid synthesis, 5-LOX expression, or cellular migration. Conclusion Our results suggest that AA treatment activates the BLT1 receptor (present in membrane microdomains) and stimulates the synthesis of LTB4 production, which is likely to be associated with the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells.
Somatic Mutagenesis and Evolution of Memory B Cells

The parallels between classical evolution of species and somatic evolution of lymphocytes are astounding. While ontogeny is sometimes an artful rendition of phylogeny, somatic evolution in vertebrate immunity is an accelerated version of the evolutionary algorithm that shaped complex life forms on this planet. Somatic evolution has adopted cardinal features of classical evolution, even at a high level of resolution. If “survival of the fittest” is the onus of life, then “survival of the best fit” appears to be the onus of the B lymphocyte and its antibody product.
Characterization of the Urinary Metabolites of Primaquine in Rats

Following the synthesis of reference standards of the primaquine metabolites, a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analytical method for carboxyprimaquine, its glycine conjugate, and its glucuronide conjugate in urine samples was developed. After the administration of primaquine, only trace quantities of primaquine and carboxyprimaquine (each less than 1% of dose) and no significant quantity of the two conjugates of carboxyprimaquine were excreted in the urine. When carboxyprimaquine was administered, only 0.3% of the dose was excreted in the urine. When carboxyprimaquine glycinate was administered, the compound was found in the 700- to 1300-µg/ml concentration range in the urine within the first few hours. Using 14C-labeled primaquine, six new metabolites were found in the urine and partially characterized. The purported metabolites of primaquine (8-amino-6-methoxyquinoline, 5-hydroxyprimaquine, and 6-desmethyl-5-hydroxyprimaquine) were not found in the urine. A field screening test for the quantitation of primaquine metabolites in urine was also investigated. The inexpensive, but sensitive assay was found to give results that closely paralleled the more complex HPLC method and it was moderately well correlated with the total radioactivity in the urine samples.
A Data Analysis Method for Using Longitudinal Binary Outcome Data from a SMART to Compare Adaptive Interventions

Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are a useful and increasingly popular approach for gathering information to inform the construction of adaptive interventions to treat psychological and behavioral health conditions. Until recently, analysis methods for data from SMART designs considered only a single measurement of the outcome of interest when comparing the efficacy of adaptive interventions. Lu et al. proposed a method for considering repeated outcome measurements to incorporate information about the longitudinal trajectory of change. While their proposed method can be applied to many kinds of outcome variables, they focused mainly on linear models for normally distributed outcomes. Practical guidelines and extensions are required to implement this methodology with other types of repeated outcome measures common in behavioral research. In this article, we discuss implementation of this method with repeated binary outcomes. We explain how to compare adaptive interventions in terms of various summaries of repeated binary outcome measures, including average outcome (area under the curve) and delayed effects. The method is illustrated using an empirical example from a SMART study to develop an adaptive intervention for engaging alcohol- and cocaine-dependent patients in treatment. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed technique.
Peaks and Cliffs: An Example of the Power of Analogy Across Disciplines

The aim of this paper is to show how the studies in Energy field are intrinsically cross-disciplinary. Energy undergoes to the general Physics laws and, in particular, to the Thermodynamics ones, but often we think it like a separate field, regard, for example, to the Ecology. We show some example useful to see the analogy between those fields of study and how these analogies could enlighten the scientific explanation in both fields.
A Highly Efficient Dual-band Harmonic-tuned GaN RF Synchronous Rectifier with Integrated Coupler and Phase Shifter

This paper presents a dual-band RF rectifying circuit for wireless power transmission at 1.17 GHz and 2.4 GHz. A dual-band harmonic-tuned inverse-class F/class-F mode power amplifier using a 10 W GaN device has been utilized to implement the proposed rectifier with an on-board coupler and phase shifter. The matching circuit is precisely designed so that the circuit operates in inverse class F and class F mode in the lower and upper frequency bands using dual-band harmonic tuning, respectively. Measurement results show that the rectifier circuit has 78% and 76% efficiencies at 1.17 GHz and 2.4 GHz frequency bands, respectively. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this rectifier is the first demonstration of a dual-band harmonic-tuned synchronous rectifier using a GaN HEMT device with an integrated coupler and phase-shifter for a watt-level RF input power.
An Ultra-Low-Power Polarity-Coincidence Feedback Time-Delay-to-Digital Converter for Sound-Source Localization

The time-delay between audio signals in a microphone array is the most important feature for sound-source localization. This article presents a polarity-coincidence, adaptive time-delay estimation (PCC-ATDE), a mixed-signal technique that uses 1-bit quantized signals and a negative-feedback architecture to directly determine the time-delay between signals in the analog inputs and convert it to a digital number. This direct conversion, without a multi-bit analog-to-digital converter and further digital-signal processing, allows for ultra-low power consumption. A prototype chip in 0.18- $\mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ CMOS with four analog inputs consumes 78 nW with a three-channel 8-bit digital time-delay output while sampling at 50 kS/s with a 20-us resolution and 6.06 ENOB. We present a theoretical analysis for the non-linear, signal-dependent feedback loop of the PCC-ATDE. A delay-domain model of the system is developed to estimate the power-bandwidth of the converter and predict its dynamic response. Results are validated with experiments using real-life stimuli, captured with a microphone array, that demonstrates the ability of the technique to localize a sound source. The chip is further integrated into an embedded platform and deployed as an audio-based vehicle-bearing IoT system.
Pediatric Paraneoplastic Necrotizing Encephalitis Associated With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract Background Paraneoplastic encephalitis encompasses a diverse spectrum of neurological disorders associated with a variety of pediatric tumor types. Methods We describe a seven-year-old boy with paraneoplastic necrotizing encephalitis associated with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Results The initial presentation involved acute-onset upper extremity weakness, seizure-like activity, and agitation. Extensive evaluation revealed pancytopenia, elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluid, and normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistent with a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis of presumed viral etiology. He was treated with antimicrobials and intravenous immunoglobulin and returned to his neurological baseline before discharge. One month later, he was diagnosed with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Before chemotherapy initiation, he again became encephalopathic. Repeat cerebrospinal fluid evaluation showed elevated protein, and MRI revealed findings consistent with diffuse necrotizing encephalitis. He received standard chemotherapy as well as immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis, with resolution of MRI abnormalities and improvement in neurological status. At six years postpresentation, he is in remission for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, without significant neurocognitive deficits and mild right spastic hemiparesis. Conclusion This is the first report of paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with pediatric leukemia. A hematologic malignancy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of paraneoplastic encephalitis.
O27 Knowledge-to-action: promoting best practices for maternal opioid use

Background An increase in opioid use during pregnancy fuelled concerns among reproductive health advocates, policymakers, and providers in North Carolina, USA. Stakeholder groups joined together to address these concerns. A knowledge transfer (KT) intervention, which provided specialized education and training for frontline providers, in an effort to increase evidence-based practices became the primary goal of their response. Qualitative methodology can provide critical insight on the process of KT interventions and the contexts in which KT activities occur. Methods Data from a grounded theory study on care provision for perinatal substance use was used to examine a naturalistic KT intervention that emerged from stakeholder concerns. Data was collected over a six-year period and include observations of KT activities (conferences, workshops, and community meetings), focus groups and interviews conducted with stakeholders, and a review of publicly available documents developed as part of KT activities. Identified KT activities were mapped onto a theoretical framework detailing the Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) process and a thick, rich description of the intervention was developed. Additional analyses included Clarke’s situational mapping to identify important contextual factors that influenced the KTA process. Findings This proactive response to maternal opioid use included targeted and tailored toolkits and guidelines of best practices as well as provision of multiple knowledge exchange opportunities between researchers, advocates, and practitioners. Findings demonstrate stakeholders’ biases against maternal drug use and ambivalence towards evidence-based recommendations of harm reduction principles. Tensions around the interpretation of knowledge and the appropriate implementation of best practices occurred between ‘experts’ as well as among practitioners. Conclusion This presentation describes a grassroots response to maternal opioid use within the KTA framework. Findings highlight the complex and iterative nature of a KTA intervention and demonstrate limitations in rational and cognitive approaches to knowledge exchange. The need to systematically address stigma is discussed.
Amyloid deposits in the banks (of the superior temporal sulcus) yield a high return about memory futures.

Guo et al.1 report a landmark study in this issue of Neurology ® that illustrates the continuing importance of amyloidosis in both the conceptual understanding and clinical treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD). Using data from cognitively normal adults enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), they show that a high amyloid burden in the banks of the superior temporal sulcus (BANKSSTS) predicts memory decline over 4 years, even in those who are classified as β-amyloid (Aβ) negative by the ADNI-defined composite score, which represents the aggregation of amyloid combined across regions. In addition to memory, amyloid positivity in the BANKSSTS predicts decline in executive function, although the association is weaker. It is worth noting that the study is a model of state-of-the-art methodology, providing a template for best practices that should be broadly used by researchers to advance the field. We describe the conceptual, clinical, and methodologic strengths (and occasional weaknesses) of the study below.
Evaluation of RADAR Altimeter-Aided GPS for Precision Approach using Flight Test Data

This paper discusses the use of a downward facing RADAR Altimeter (RALT) as an augmentation to the Global Positioning System (GPS) for precision approach and landing of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). This architecture, known as RALT Aiding, aims to improve the accuracy, integrity, and continuity of the GPS position solution to meet the stringent navigational requirements of a Category (CAT) IIIb landing. This method improves the position solution by incorporating the additional range measurement provided by the RALT into the measurement equation used to solve the aircraft's position and aircraft's protection levels. This system is of high interest for RPAs as all currently approved and in development coupled autoland systems, such as the Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS), are reliant on navigational aids located on the airport's grounds. Successful integration into the National Airspace System (NAS) requires these aircraft to be capable of fully coupled autoland at many airports. The most feasible way to achieve this is to develop a navigational system independent of ground aids. This paper extends work previously performed on RALT Aiding by the authors and compares the previous simulation results to results based on collected flight data. The flight test data used for the evaluation in this paper comes from various flight tests in which Ohio University has been involved. The flight tests took place at multiple airports, using multiple different commercially available RALT units. The airplane-airport combinations included in this study are Gulfstream V-Reno airport (NV) and DC3-Ohio University airport (OH).
Muhammad Reconsidered: A Christian Perspective on Islamic Prophecy: by Anna Bonta Moreland, Notre Dame, IN, University of Notre Dame Press, 2020, xi+178 pp., $45.00 (hardback), ISBN 9780268107253

Anna Bonta Moreland’s Muhammad Reconsidered is an exceptional contribution to the fields of Catholic–Islamic studies, Christian theology of religions, and Catholic theology of post-canonical revela...
Vaas: video analytics at scale

We demonstrate Vaas, a video analytics system for large-scale datasets. Vaas provides an interactive interface to rapidly develop and experiment with different workflows for solving a video analytics task. Users express these workflows as Vaas queries, which specify data flow graphs where nodes may be implemented by machine learning models, custom code, or basic built-in operations (e.g., cropping, selecting detections of by class, filtering tracks by bounding boxes). For example, the problem of detecting lane change events in dashboard camera video could be solved directly as an activity recognition task, by training a model to classify whether a segment of video contains a lane change, or decomposed into a set of simpler tasks, such as detecting lane markers and then identifying shifts in the detected lanes. Our system interface incorporates a query composition tool, where users can rapidly compose operations to implement a workflow, and an exploration tool, where users can experiment with a query by applying it over samples from the dataset to fix bugs and tune parameters. Vaas incorporates recent work in approximate video query processing to support the fast, interactive execution of queries, and accelerates the annotation process of hand-labeling examples to train models by allowing users to annotate over the outputs of previously expressed queries rather than the entire video dataset.
TD-DFTB study of optical properties of silver nanoparticle homodimers and heterodimers.

The absorption spectra for face-centered cubic nanoparticle dimers at various interparticle distances are investigated using time-dependent density functional tight binding. Both homodimers and heterodimers are investigated in this work. By studying nanoparticles at various interparticle distances and analyzing their vertical excitations, we found that as the interparticle distance decreases, a red shift arises from contributions of the transition dipole moment that are aligned along the z-axis with nondegenerate features; blue shifts occur for peaks that originate from transition dipole moment components in the x and y directions with double degeneracy. When the nanoparticles are similar in size, the features in the absorption spectra become more sensitive to the interparticle distances. The best-fit curves from vertical excitation energy in the form of AR−b for ΔEredshift/ΔEblueshift vs R are determined. In this way, we determined trends for absorption peak shifts and how these depend on the interparticle distance.
Using Pyett to Counter The Fall of Contract-Based Unionism in a Global Economy

Structural changes in the economy that contributed to high unemployment have combined with global wage competition to destroy the contract-making and contract-enforcement powers of unions. Supporters of labor uniformly insist on defining the role of unions as contractual, and condemn the Supreme Court's Pyett decision that permits unions to take control of their members' legal claims. Yet unions' contractual powers have dwindled under the National Labor Relations Act, thereby leaving workers vulnerable to the bargaining demands of their employers. This article shows how Pyett can renew the importance of unions. The Article argues that read appropriately, Pyett is positively transformative in the same way as the Steelworkers Trilogy. Although the Pyett decision did not offer a compelling justification for its conclusion that unions are authorized to bargain about antidiscrimination rights, unions' effective advocacy for their members' antidiscrimination claims may be a practical necessity today. The Article focuses on Pyett's potential to transform the workplace by eliminating the line between contract and legal disputes. Using the Trilogy as a backdrop, and antidiscrimination rights as an example, the article addresses the theoretical and practical concerns cited as obstacles to Pyett's viability. It provides original answers to the questions Pyett left open and provides a roadmap on how the decision may be implemented contractually to advance employers' and workers' interests.
Exposure to oxybenzone from sunscreens: daily transdermal uptake estimation.

BACKGROUND Fugacity, the driving force for transdermal uptake of chemicals, can be difficult to predict based only on the composition of complex, non-ideal mixtures such as personal care products. OBJECTIVE Compare the predicted transdermal uptake of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) from sunscreen lotions, based on direct measurements of BP-3 fugacity in those products, to results of human subject experiments. METHODS We measured fugacity relative to pure BP-3, for commercial sunscreens and laboratory mixtures, using a previously developed/solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method. The measured fugacity was combined with a transdermal uptake model to simulate urinary excretion rates of BP-3 resulting from sunscreen use. The model simulations were based on the reported conditions of four previously published human subject studies, accounting for area applied, time applied, showering and other factors. RESULTS The fugacities of commercial lotions containing 3-6% w/w BP-3 were ~20% of the supercooled liquid vapor pressure. Simulated dermal uptake, based on these fugacities, are within a factor of 3 of the mean results reported from two human-subject studies. However, the model significantly underpredicts total excreted mass from two other human-subject studies. This discrepancy may be due to limitations in model inputs, such as fugacity of BP-3 in lotions used in those studies. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that combining measured fugacity with such a model may provide order-of-magnitude accurate predictions of transdermal uptake of BP-3 from daily application of sunscreen products.
Aortic Annular Geometry and Sizing: Echocardiography

A complete and accurate assessment of the aortic annulus and the surrounding structures is accomplished non-invasively by on organized echocardiographic approch employing a variety of techniques. An approch with transthoracic and transesophageal imaging modalities using two-and three-dimensional image acquisition can completely inform the geometry, size and hemodyamic characteristics of the aortic annulus structures in preparation for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). In addition to addressing the role of echocardiography for aortic annular geometry and sizing, this chapter also includes important considerations such as appreciation of the many anatomical structures that make up the aortic annular complex, the optimal imaging windows and views to appropriately interrogate structures, consideration of the limitations of echocardiography and appreciation of instances when another imaging modality may be appropriate. The goal of a full and accurate assessment of the aortic annular complex is to ensure patient suitability for TAVR, inform device size selection, alert the operator to potential complications and ultimately to ensure a safe transcatheter heart valve deployment.
Microelectrophoresis of enzymes in animal cell colonies.

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses microelectrophoresis of enzymes in animal cell colonies. The starch gel microelectrophoresis includes potato starch gels that are extensively and successfully used as an anticonvection and molecular sieving matrix for the electrophoresis of many enzymes. The chapter presents an overview of the demonstration of microelectrophoresis, which was carried out as part of a human tumor cell line characterization project in the laboratory of Jorgen Fogh, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, N.Y. Thin strips of cellulose acetate in the nongel form and in the technically preferred gel form (Cellogel) are used for the electrophoresis of enzymes in macrosamples. The chapter discusses polyacrylamide gel microelectrophoresis and microelectrophoresis of single cells. Microelectrophoresis is more likely with microsamples having high concentrations of enzyme activity which can be achieved by harvesting cells in as small a volume as possible, storing samples at –20 to –80 o C until used, reducing the time required for electrophoresis by increasing voltages while maintaining adequate cooling, and increasing the sensitivity of the specific enzyme stains.
Eye perturbation approach for robust recognition of inaccurately aligned faces

Extraction of normalized face from input images is an essential preprocessing step of many face recognition algorithms. Typical face extraction algorithms make use of the locations of facial features, such as the center of eyes, that are marked either manually or automatically. It is not guaranteed, however, that we always obtain the exact or optimal locations of the eye centers, and using inaccurate landmark locations, and consequently poorly registered faces, is one of the main causes of performance degradation in appearance-based face recognition. Moreover, in some applications, it is hard to verify the correctness of the face extraction for every query image. For improved performance and robustness to the eye location variation, we propose an eye perturbation approach that generates multiple face extractions from a query image by using the perturbed eye locations centered at the initial eye locations. The extracted faces are then matched against the enrolled gallery set to produce individual similarity scores. Final decisions can be made by using various committee methods – nearest neighbor, maximum vote, etc. – of combining the results of individual classifiers. We conclude that the proposed eye perturbation approach with nearest neighbor classification improves recognition performance and makes existing face recognition algorithms robust to eye localization errors.
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists

The use of α2 agonists, either alone or in combination, is becoming widespread in anaesthesia. The original enthusiasm for this class of compound for its plethora of beneficial effects appears to have been justified based on the more recent clinical studies reported here. In the next decade, the field will continue to evolve with the clinical introduction of the second generation of α2 agonists, notably dexmedetomidine which is a more selective, specific and efficacious compound than the prototype, clonidine. Furthermore, formulations allowing several different routes of administration, ranging from transdermal to neuraxial, will further extend its clinical utility.
On the turnover of ppGpp in Escherichia coli.

Abstract The ribosome inhibitor chloramphenicol brings about a rapid disappearance of ppGpp in both RC+ and RC- cells, suggesting that the antibiotic inhibits the synthesis of ppGpp. The kinetics of ppGpp decay in the presence of chloramphenicol agrees well with the kinetics of ppGpp accumulation, in the antibiotic's absence, both in RC+ cells subjected to amino acid starvation and in RC- cells subjected to carbon source downshift. In the latter case, a reduction in the rate of ppGpp degradation accounts for the accumulation of ppGpp. Thus, although RC- mutants cannot adjust the rate of ppGpp synthesis in response to amino acid starvation, they retain the ability to adjust the rate of ppGpp degradation in response to carbon source downshift. The latter control mechanism may account for the fact that the ppGpp level during balanced growth varies, in both RC+ and RC- cells, from one growth medium to another in relation to the growth rate which the medium will support. The fact that chloramphenicol inhibits ppGpp formation in RC- as well as RC+ cells suggests, for reasons discussed, that the antibiotic inhibits ppGpp synthesis directly.
Recovery and Sporicidal Resistance of Various B. subtilis Spore Preparations on Porcelain Penicylinders Compared with Results from AOAC Test Methods

Sporicidal test results obtained from carriers inoculated with 4 types of defined Bacillus subtilis spore preparations were compared with the standard AOAC sporicidal test using soil extract nutrient broth (SENB) B. subtilis 19659 spores. Recoveries of spores inoculated on penicylinders from B. subtilis clean spores (washed and suspended in water) and B. subtilis 19659 spores inoculated from culture filtrates according to the AOAC method were compared. Spores were exposed to 6 concentrations (0.5-3.0% w/v) of glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) for 10 h. Concentrations were established by titrimetry and liquid chromatography. Recoveries of surviving spores were determined for 3 types of clean B. subtilis var. niger preparations, one clean B. subtilis 19659 preparation, and the SENB B. subtilis 19659 filtrates. Spore carriers, inoculated by the standard AOAC protocol, resulted in as much as a 2-log number difference in runs 1-12, but not more than 0.5 log number for each clean spore preparation. The SENB spores varied most in resistance to glutaraldehyde, with no growth in recovery media from 3 different batches of 1, 1.5, and 2% glutaraldehyde. Separate batches of SENB preparations of B. subtilis 19659 were resistant and destroyed by 1.0% glutaraldehyde, with 3.98 and 6.0 log numbers of spores on penicylinders, respectively. Clean spore preparations of B. subtilis 19659 on porcelain penicylinders were more resistant to glutaraldehyde than were SENB spores. Nutrient agar/Mg/Ca and nutrient agar/Mg spore preparations of B. subtilis var. niger showed the most uniform resistance to glutaraldehyde. Spores with calcium added showed increased resistance to glutaraldehyde. B. subtilis 19659 spores from the Columbia broth spore preparation were the most resistant and were recovered after exposure to 3.0% glutaraldehyde.
Biophotonics based on liquid crystals: development of new principles suitable for profiling of regulatory signaling proteins

We have demonstrated this new principle for optical detection of biomolecular interactions at surfaces by exploiting self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organosulfur compounds formed on the surface of films of gold with anisotropic nanometer-scale roughness.
Customer Service, Responsibility, and Systems in International E-Commerce: Should a Major Airline Reissue a Stolen Ticket?

This case is about customer service and responsibility in international e-commerce. A prominent e-commerce web site sells a ticket on a nonexistent flight, a human reservations agent fails to inform a customer about a well-known problem he is likely to encounter, an international airline’s telephone agents in Spain and the United States provide contradictory information, the airline’s office in Spain seems unaware of policies on the airline’s web site, and later its policies seem unhelpful. The case raises questions related to customer service, trust, responsibility, ethics, and business practices in international ecommerce.