cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Transthyretin as a Monitor of Protein-Energy Intake in Preterm and Sick Neonatal Infants

In the past, weight and weight gain have been the two parameters used frequently in neonatal units to monitor nutrition among high-risk infants. Our investigation sought to assess how several anthropometric measures (weight, length, head circumference, arm:head circumference ratio, and tricep skinfold) and serum albumin, transthyretin, and transferrin concentrations reflect protein and energy intake. After monitoring 42 preterm and 40 sick infants over 3 consecutive weeks, we found that transthyretin concentration proved the only serum protein which accurately measured energy and protein intakes in less than 1 week from dietary manipulation. Among preterm infants, as protein and energy intakes rose, transthyretin concentration increased significantly (p less than 0.001). Preterm infants ingested 79 +/- 39 kcal/kg/day and 2.04 +/- 1.02 g protein/kg/day at the first assessment point after birth and rose to 103 +/- 34 kcal/kg/day and 2.64 +/- 0.94 g protein/kg/day. Likewise, transthyretin measured 10.83 +/- 3.91 mg/dl at the initial measurement and rose to 14.80 +/- 4.44 at the second measurement time. Although protein intakes measured slightly lower in the sick group, their intakes correlated to transthyretin concentration (assessment time 1, r = 0.39; time 2, r = 0.33; time 3, r = 0.33). Thus, transthyretin concentration in neonatal infants offers a rapid, accurate, and moderately inexpensive way to monitor protein-energy adequacy.
Oral feeding in infants.

he proper growth of the infant is primarily a function of adequate nutritional intake, which depends on whether the infant can feed safely and successfully. Extensive studies have focused on the benefits of mother's milk and on the appropriate nutrients and growth-promoting factors that are needed in formula for optimal infant growth. 1-3 Less attention has been placed on understanding how infants feed and, more important, how feeding can be carried out safely and successfully. The oral feeding of infants is a rising concern. It is probably due to the growing population of infants who are born prematurely, as well as those who survive embryopathy or genetic pathologic disorders. The survival rate of premature infants has increased drastically during the last decade. 4 For instance, the number of infants born between 23 and 25 weeks' gestational age is increasing. Similarly, advances in the clinical management of infants with disorders such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral palsy, and other neurologic impairments have increased the survival of these patients. Feeding difficulties develop in many of these infants. Assessment of infant readiness to feed is not well developed. The proper coordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing is required for safe feeding. Impairment of any one of these functions can put the infant at risk for aspiration, pneumonia, oxygen desaturation, apnea, and bradycardia. Such an impairment is rarely an issue for healthy term infants who, because of their developmental level, begin oral feeding within hours of birth. For premature infants, oral feeding generally is not offered before 33 to 34 weeks' postmenstrual age (pma), a time when their sucking pattern begins to resemble that of term infants. 5 However, no
Perceptions of turmoil within courtship: Associations with intimacy, relational uncertainty, and interference from partners

The goal of this article is to test the relational turbulence model's explanation for people's perceptions of turmoil within courtship. It begins by deducing hypotheses about how intimacy, relational uncertainty, and interference from partners may predict perceptions of turmoil. Then, it reports the results of a cross-sectional, self-report investigation of 268 individuals involved in dating relationships. Consistent with the relational turbulence model, perceptions of turmoil were highest at moderate levels of intimacy (H1). Interference from partners (H4, H5), but not relational uncertainty (H2, H3), partially mediated the convex curvilinear association between intimacy and perceptions of turmoil. These results shed light on how individuals may experience the transition from casual dating to serious involvement within courtship.
Geometrical-based statistical macrocell channel model for mobile environments

We develop a statistical geometric propagation model for a macrocell mobile environment that provides the statistics of angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the multipath components, which are required to test adaptive array algorithms for cellular applications. This channel model assumes that each multipath component of the propagating signal undergoes only one bounce traveling from the transmitter to the receiver and that scattering objects are located uniformly within a circle around the mobile. This geometrically based single bounce macrocell (GBSBM) channel model provides three important parameters that characterize a channel: the power of the multipath components, the time-of-arrival (TOA) of the components, and the AOA of the components. Using the GBSBM model, we analyze the effect of directional antennas at the base station on the fading envelopes. The level crossing rate of the fading envelope is reduced and the envelope correlation increases significantly if a directional antenna is employed at the base station.
SPECIES-INDEPENDENT INHIBITION OF ABNORMAL PRION PROTEIN (PRP) FORMATION BY A PEPTIDE CONTAINING A CONSERVED PRP SEQUENCE

Conversion of the normal protease-sensitive prion protein (PrP) to its abnormal protease-resistant isoform (PrP-res) is a major feature of the pathogenesis associated with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases. In previous experiments, PrP conversion was inhibited by a peptide composed of hamster PrP residues 109 to 141, suggesting that this region of the PrP molecule plays a crucial role in the conversion process. In this study, we used PrP-res derived from animals infected with two different mouse scrapie strains and one hamster scrapie strain to investigate the species specificity of these conversion reactions. Conversion of PrP was found to be completely species specific; however, despite having three amino acid differences, peptides corresponding to the hamster and mouse PrP sequences from residues 109 to 141 inhibited both the mouse and hamster PrP conversion systems equally. Furthermore, a peptide corresponding to hamster PrP residues 119 to 136, which was identical in both mouse and hamster PrP, was able to inhibit PrP-res formation in both the mouse and hamster cell-free systems as well as in scrapie-infected mouse neuroblastoma cell cultures. Because the PrP region from 119 to 136 is very conserved in most species, this peptide may have inhibitory effects on PrP conversion in a wide variety of TSE diseases.
Insulin Through the Ages: Phylogeny of a Growth Promoting and Metabolic Regulatory Hormone1

Insulin was discovered in 1922 as the causative factor for a human metabolic disorder (diabetes mellitus), but it was recognized early that the hormone had a broad phylogenetic distribution. By the mid 1970s, insulin had been isolated and sequenced from all classes of vertebrates, including Agnatha. Also it was discovered that the insulin gene family in vertebrates included two closely related hormones named insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II. More recently, the application of recombinant DNA techniques have identified insulin-like peptide genes in invertebrates, including insects, molluscs and nematode and these findings clearly establish that insulin is an evolutionarily ancient hormone which is present in all metazoa. Here we briefly review the structure and function of the insulin/IGF gene family in vertebrates and invertebrates. Although these studies are ongoing, it appears that in invertebrates the insulin-like peptides function predominately as mitogenic growth factors that act to promote tissue growth and development. However, in vertebrates the mitogenic growth function has been subsumed by IGF-I and -II while insulin has acquired the function of being primarily a metabolic regulatory hormone. The gene duplication and divergence events necessary for this development probably occurred early during vertebrate evolution in the transition from protochordates, represented by extant amphioxus, to primitive jawless vertebrates, represented by extant lamprey and hagfish.
Indexing, exchange rate policy and inflationary feedback effects in Latin America

Abstract This paper examines inflationary adjustment processes in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Uruguay with time-varying estimation techniques to determine the relationship between inflationary inertia or feedback effects from past to current inflation and the degree of indexation of wages and exchange rates to past inflation rates. The results show that reductions in the degree of exchange rate linkage to past inflation have not been particularly helpful in larger or relatively more diversified economies (such as Argentina, Brazil, or Chile), while reductions in wage linkages to past inflation rates have had strong but short-lived effects.
Aerodynamic Sound Emission as a Singular Perturbation Problem

Sound emission from an eddy region involves three length scales: the eddy size I, wavelength λ of the sound, and a dimension L ofthe region. They are related by the Mach number M = l/λ, small for nearly incompressible eddies, and a parameter Λ = L/λ which plays no apparent role in current theories of aerodynamic sound. The theories of Lighthill and Ribner are examined in the case M ≪ 1, Λ ˜ 1. Ribner's result is found to contain an unacceptable improper integral. The utility of Lighthill's solution is found to depend on properties of the quadrupole moment Tij that can be established only by studying the flow in more detail than Lighthill's theory allows. The general problem is posed in the form: given the body force f and vorticity ω find the density ρ and potential φ of the velocity u = ∇ × ψ{ω} + ∇φ The problem is solved for M ≪ 1, Λ ˜ 1 by matching a compressible eddy core scaled on I to a surrounding acoustic field scaled on λ. Lighthill's solution for ρ is shown to be adequate in both regions if Tij is approximated by ρ0υiυj, with v = ∇ × ψ. The situation M ≪ 1, Λ ≫ 1 is studied, and the conclusion is reached that sound emission from large bodies of turbulence is an open problem, Lighthill's theory notwithstanding.
An extension of Sharkovsky's theorem to periodic difference equations

We present an extension of Sharkovsky’s Theorem and its converse to periodic difference equations. In addition, we provide a simple method for constructing a p-periodic difference equation having an r-periodic geometric cycle with or without stability properties.
Determination of the Nitrogen Acceptor Ionization Energy in Zinc Oxide by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

Photoluminescence (PL) experiments performed on bulk ZnO crystals are used to establish the ionization energy of the substitutional nitrogen acceptor. The temperature dependence of the nitrogen-related electron-acceptor (e,A0) emission band has been monitored in as-grown single crystals. A lineshape analysis of this band is used to determine the acceptor ionization energy. The temperature variation of the ZnO band gap was included in our analysis and the low-temperature acceptor ionization energy for substitutional nitrogen at an oxygen site in ZnO was found to be EA = 209 ± 3 meV. Electron paramagnetic resonance and Hall-effect measurements were also used to characterize these bulk ZnO samples.
Probabilistic Averages of Jacobi Operators

I study the Lyapunov exponent and the integrated density of states for general Jacobi operators. The main result is that questions about these can be reduced to questions about ergodic Jacobi operators. I use this to show that for finite gap Jacobi operators, regularity implies that they are in the Cesaro–Nevai class, proving a conjecture of Barry Simon. Furthermore, I use this to study Jacobi operators with coefficients a(n) = 1 and b(n) = f(nρ (mod 1)) for ρ > 0 not an integer.
Amiloride-sensitive sodium current in everted Ambystoma initial collecting tubule: short-term insulin effects.

Whole cell patch-clamp techniques were used to investigate amiloride-sensitive sodium conductance (G Na) in the everted initial collecting tubule of Ambystoma. Accessibility to both the apical and ...
Interventions for Weight Gain Prevention During the Transition to Young Adulthood: A Review of the Literature

Purpose: To review studies examining weight gain prevention interventions among young adults.
Right-Sided Valve Disease Deserves a Little More Respect

Historically, right-sided valvular disease has received less attention from clinicians and researchers than left-sided valve disease, in part because of a protracted latent asymptomatic period. Moreover, because tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is often due to left-sided valve disease and pulmonary regurgitation (PR) is often secondary to congenital cardiac disease, the underlying disorder rather than the valve lesion tends to dominate the clinical picture. It is increasingly recognized that right-sided valve disease is not benign and has a significant and independent impact on morbidity and mortality. Today, diagnostic techniques and appropriate management strategies for patients with right-sided valve disease are established and continually refined. In this era of increasing awareness and improved treatment options for patients with valve disease, it is important that clinicians consider the diagnosis of right-sided valve disease, understand its pathophysiology, choose appropriate confirmatory testing, and refer patients for timely intervention to prevent clinical deterioration with associated adverse consequences. This review examines the causes of right-sided valve disease and the latest diagnostic advances and treatment options for these often-neglected valve lesions. Patients with native right-sided valve disease are rarely affected by endocarditis, and indications for prophylaxis have recently changed.1 ### Tricuspid Regurgitation TR that is at least moderate in severity is most frequently “functional” in nature and by definition not related to primary tricuspid valve (TV) leaflet pathology but rather secondary to another disease process causing right ventricular (RV) dilatation, distortion of the subvalvular apparatus, tricuspid annular dilatation, or a combination of these. Furthermore, a moderate or greater degree of TR, regardless of primary origin, usually engenders additional TR as a result of the adverse hemodynamic consequence of RV volume overload. Causes of clinically significant TR are outlined in Table 1; 2 classic examples of primary tricuspid leaflet pathology are demonstrated in Figure 1. View this table: Table 1. Causes of TV …
Global dimensions of subidealizer rings

Recently, there have been many results which show that the global dimension of certain rings can be computed using a proper subclass of the cyclic modules, e.g., the simple modules. In this paper we view calculating global dimensions in this fashion as a property of a ring and show that this is a property which transfers to the ring's idealizer and subidealizer ring.
Structure and developmental expression of Strongyloides stercoralis fktf-1, a proposed ortholog of daf-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans

A forkhead transcription factor gene, fktf-1, which we propose to be orthologous to the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer-regulatory gene daf-16 has been discovered in the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. Genomic and cDNA sequences from both species predict alternately spliced a and b message isoforms. In contrast to C. elegans, where two a isoforms, daf-16a1 and daf-16a2, are found, a single fktf-1a isoform is found in S. stercoralis. Five of the 10 introns found in the C. elegans gene are found in the proposed S. stercoralis ortholog. Functional motifs common to DAF-16 and several mammalian forkhead transcription factors are conserved in FKTF-1. These include the forkhead DNA binding domain, four Akt/protein kinase B phosphorylation sites and a C-terminal domain that may associate with factors such as the steroid receptor coactivator and other factors necessary for transcriptional regulation. An N-terminal serine-rich domain found in DAF-16A is greatly expanded in FKTF-1A. This domain is missing in DAF-16B, FKTF-1B and all mammalian orthologs. FKTF-1 shows the closest phylogenetic relationship to DAF-16 among all known mammalian and nematode forkhead transcription factors. Like its proposed Caenorhabditis ortholog, the fktf-1 message is expressed at all stages of the life cycle examined thus far. Discovery of fktf-1 indicates the presence of an insulin-like signalling pathway in S. stercoralis similar to that known to regulate dauer development in C. elegans. This pathway is a likely candidate to control infective larval arrest and reactivation as well as regulation of the switch between parasitic and free-living development in the parasite.
Shifting Pneumothorax: A Radiographic and Sonographic Evaluation

A 62-year-old woman was admitted for elective bilateral nephrectomies for symptomatic large bilateral polycystic kidneys. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient was hypotensive requirin...
Designing large-scale interactive traffic animations for urban modeling

Designing and optimizing traffic behavior and animation is a challenging problem of interest to virtual environment content generation and to urban planning and design. While some traffic simulation methods have appeared in computer graphics, most related systems focus on the design of buildings, roads, or cities but without explicitly considering urban traffic. To our knowledge, our work provides the first interactive approach which enables a designer to specify a desired vehicular traffic behavior e.g., road occupancy, travel time, emissions, etc. and the system will automatically compute what realistic 3D urban model e.g., an interconnected network of roads, parcels, and buildings yields the specified behavior. Our system both altered and improved traffic behavior in novel procedurally-generated cities and in road networks of existing cities. Our urban models contain up to 360 km of roads, 300,000 vehicles, and typically cover four hours of simulated peak traffic time. The typical editing session time to "paint" a new traffic pattern and to compute the new/changed urban model is two to five minutes.
Can a 20th Century Business Income Tax Regime Serve a 21st Century Economy

This article is the text of the Parsons Lecture given by Michael Graetz at the University of Sydney Law School in April 2015. In it the author reviews the contemporary challenges involved in making international tax policy. These challenges include the tensions of international tax competition whilst balancing both sound economic theory, and politics. The author explains how the 20th Century international tax system that we have is poorly equipped to cope with the 21st Century’s technologically impelled, integrated global economy. With this background the author comments on the potential for tax reform in the US; the options for tax reform in Australia; and key features of the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiatives. The lecture concludes with 12 predictions about the directions international tax policy will follow. These range from continued international economic competition using tax law; through greater application of anti‑avoidance rules; to broader consumption taxes and more equitable taxation of capital probably involving retention of politically popular, economically problematic, corporate income taxes.
Hidden in Plain Sight

Biofilms are manifestations of bacteria with access (even if temporary) to the specific parameters, such as chemicals, temperature, pH, and light that allow them to reproduce abundantly and to thrive. Large numbers of active bacteria often produce colors, bubbles, slimes, scums, odors, and flavors on an easily detectable scale. These may be considered the macroscopic field marks by which many bacteria (in fact most major taxonomic groups of bacteria) may be identified in the field. Individual microbiologists with expertise in the field are usually quite familiar with the macroscopic characteristics of their particular bacterial group. Nevertheless, the traditional approach to teaching microbiology seldom takes students to the obvious, user-friendly level of simply using unaided senses to make field identifications. A more typical approach is to treat bacteria as though they were tiny dots and dashes under a microscope or little colonies of monocultures. An inadvertent consequence is that many biologists (even ecologists) who take pride in knowing a great diversity of organisms, know almost nothing of bacteria and cannot make identifications on any level in the field. Yet bacteria are the most abundant organisms on Earth and the most diverse and as such, really should be incorporated into almost any biology course in which organismal diversity is a focus. Fortunately the invisibility of bacteria is an illusion and one that is easily remedied with a focus on their many macroscopic field marks. For example, biofilms of all types are outstanding sources of distinctive characteristics and their identification could be readily incorporated into any course in which students are learning to identify a diversity of organisms.
Complementary role of citrate and bicarbonate excretion in acid-base balance in the rat

Studies were performed to evaluate whether alterations in the excretion of citrate, a metabolic precursor of bicarbonate, play a quantitatively important role in acid-base balance during bicarbonate feeding in the rat. Potassium depletion (K-DEPL), chloride depletion (Cl-DEPL), or potassium plus chloride depletion (KCl-DEPL) was produced by eliminating potassium, chloride, or potassium chloride from the diet. After 3 days of depletion, sodium bicarbonate (4,000 mueq/24 h) was added to the diet for 7 days. In all groups plasma bicarbonate concentration increased minimally during bicarbonate administration and was similar to normal controls receiving bicarbonate. In K-DEPL, citrate excretion was less than normal but bicarbonate excretion was greater than normal. In Cl-DEPL, bicarbonate excretion was less than normal but citrate excretion was greater than normal. In KCl-DEPL, bicarbonate and citrate excretion were similar to normal. Sodium bicarbonate was also administered to K-DEPL and KCl-DEPL rats in which plasma bicarbonate concentration averaged 32.9 meq/1. The reciprocal relationship between citrate and bicarbonate excretion was not altered by the profound metabolic alkalosis. Again, plasma bicarbonate concentration changed little with sodium bicarbonate administration. These studies suggest that the ability to excrete a base load remains intact despite potassium or chloride depletion or metabolic alkalosis. Complementary alterations of citrate and bicarbonate excretion play an important role in acid-base balance under these conditions.
Propagation of fibroma virus in tissue cultures of cottontail testes.

Summary(1) A mammalian tumor-inducing virus, that of the Shope fibroma, has been propagated in tissue culture. (2) Two lines of fibroma virus were each carried through 14 successive passages in tissue cultures of cottontail testes. (3) One line of virus was carried up to 4 passages in similar cultures of domestic rabbit testes. (4) Growth of virus was accompanied by formation of acidophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusions and by vacuoles containing a substance with a ground glass appearance.
Partial Life Tables of the Green Cloverworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean and a Hypothesis of Population Dynamics in Iowa

Studies were conducted during the growing seasons of 1977 through 1980 near Ames, Iowa, to understand the population dynamics of the green cloverworm in soybean. Adults and larvae were sampled ca. three times a week, and companion studies allowed the assessment of predator populations, parasitization, and disease incidence. Populations of both endemic and outbreak configurations were observed, and partial life tables for each of two generations were prepared for each year. A graphical analysis of individual mortality factors from the life tables indicated that larval disease caused by Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) was an important limiting factor of seasonal density in outbreak years. In endemic years, parasitoids were significant, but their action was dominated by larval disease during green cloverworm outbreaks. A hypothesis that explains population configurations of green c1overworms in soybean is suggested.
Substrate Influenced Nucleation and Crystallization of LiNbO3 Thin Films Made by Sol-Gel

Lithium niobate films were deposited on amorphous carbon, silicate glass, (0001) sapphire, and (100) silicon by spin or dip coating double metal ethoxide sols. The crystallinity and microstructure of the deposited films were examined by XRD and ТЕМ. Crystallization behavior and resulting microstructure were strongly influenced by the type of substrate. The formation of crystalline LiNbO3 on amorphous carbon was detected at room temperature. Randomly oriented polycrystalline films were obtained on glass at 400°C. Choice of one mole of water per mole of ethoxide generated heteroepitaxial growth of LiNbO3 thin films on (0001) sapphire. Oriented but polycrystalline films were obtained on silicon. The electrical behavior of film on silicon was evaluated in metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor configuration. A dielectric constant of 35 and a dissipation factor of 0.004 was measured at 100 KHz.
A Field Study of Parasitism of Larval Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) by Neomesomermis flumenalis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in Southern California

The prevalence of Neomesomermis flumenalis (Welch) parasitism in late-instar larvae of black fly populations was investigated in two California oak woodland streams in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. A permanent stream in San Dimas Canyon was sampled from July 1982 through January 1984. The age-specific attack rate was documented in Simulium aureum Fries and Simulium piperi Dyar & Shannon populations during an epizootic in the fall of 1982. Sporadic infections of larvae were found throughout the year; however, high rates of parasitism developed only in association with substantial S. aureum populations. Mermithid infections were also documented in S. argus Williston, S. arcticum Malloch, S. vittatum Zetterstedt, and S. virgatum Coquillett. Study of an intermittently dry stream in Lodi Canyon suggests that free living N. flumenalis survive periods of summer drought in the stream bed and infect invading Simulium larvae when fall rains flood the channel.
127 HOME PERITONEAL DIALYSIS TO EMPOWER PATIENTS IN MEDICAL DECISION MAKING.

Learning Objective To appropriately identify patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who may be eligible for home peritoneal dialysis programs. CKD is increasing in incidence largely due to increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus. The majority of patients with CKD are managed initially by general internists and referred to nephrologists for additional education, dialysis modality selection, and transplantation consideration. Often, patients are only aware of hemodialysis as the renal replacement option from their physicians when dialysis is required. Dialysis may be performed in the home environment by motivated and adequately trained patients. Traditionally, peritoneal dialysis is the primary home dialysis modality. However, home hemodialysis is available for a select population of patients. The index patient is a 63-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, CKD, and iron deficiency anemia. Part of the CKD education program includes a visit to a dialysis unit to meet with nursing staff, social workers, and patients. Following this visit, the patient was interested in the home modality of peritoneal dialysis to maintain independence and quality of life. Following outpatient placement of a peritoneal dialysis catheter, the patient was trained for peritoneal dialysis. She continued home dialysis and maintained independence with a good quality of life. Her medical course was complicated by pancreatitis secondary to cholelithiasis requiring cholecystectomy. During Hurricane Katrina, she was able to arrange emergency delivery of home dialysis supplies at her temporary location following evacuation. She has since returned to her primary dialysis program without complications.
The diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

Surgical excision remains the only method of curing renal cell carcinoma. Early ligation of the renal artery and vein, followed by radical nephrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy, seems to offer the best method of cure for patients with localized disease. Results of more extensive surgery have been encouraging, and surgical extirpation should be attempted even when the tumor involves the vena cava, adjacent organs, or a solitary kidney. Radiotherapy as a post-operative adjuvant has not been effective, and when used pre-operatively, may decrease local recurrence but does not appear to improve five-year survival. A chemotherapeutic agent capable of significantly altering the course of metastastic renal cell carcinoma has not been identified. Vinblastine, the most effective currently available drug, rarely produces tumor regression. Progestational agents seldom, if ever, cause tumor regression, though newer hormonal agents may be more promising. Data continue to accumulate documenting altered immune mechanisms in renal cancer patients. These studies have provided impetus for continued trials of immunotherapy, and several agents are being studied. The management of patients with metastases at the time of diagnosis remains controversial. A better understanding of the natural history of these patients suggests that palliative nephrectomy may be inappropriate except for severe symptoms and patients with resectable metastases. Intraarterial infarction, fellowed by palliative nephrectomy, may improve survival, perhaps by stimulating a general immune response.
Facing Dark Heritage: The Legacy of Nazi Perpetrators in German-Language Film

On 30 November 1973, the docudrama Wie sie es wurden: Ein junger Mann aus dem Innviertel—Adolf Hitler (How They Became What They Were: A Young Man from the Inn Quarter—Adolf Hitler, 1973) was broadcast simultaneously by Austrian and German public television. Written by Georg Stefan Troller and directed by Axel Corti, it was the first German-language film to offer an in-depth portrayal of Adolf Hitler (Kansteiner 2006: 376), focusing on his coming-of-age, from his schooldays to the outbreak of the First World War. In several scenes, the production shows the young Hitler contemplating the architectonic landmarks of Linz, Vienna and Munich. Hitler is set against imposing facades, first in straight-on wide shots that dwarf his figure, later in low-angle medium close-ups monumentalising his torso, with towers and statues in the background. It is not for the sake of visual pleasure that Hitler contemplates the buildings—in his imagination, he enlarges them to express his will to power. And, particularly in Munich, which he enthusiastically calls ‘eine deutsche Kunststadt’ (a German city of art), he moreover derives his understanding of nation and people from them. In other words, Troller and Corti chart the ideological formation of the would-be demagogue and dictator by how he interprets and projects heritage sites. How They Became What They Were—a heritage film about Adolf Hitler (Fig. 6.1)?
Luigi Taparelli on the Dignity of Man

Taparelli contributed to the formation in the mid-nineteenth century of a Thomistic natural law humanism that became a pillar of Catholic social teaching.
Pixel Multichip Module Development at Fermilab for the PHENIX Experiment

At Fermilab, there is an ongoing pixel detector R&D effort for high energy physics (HEP) with the objective of developing high performance vertex detectors suitable for the next generation of HEP experiments. The pixel module presented here is result of many years of R&D on hybrid pixel systems and will be used by the PHENIX experiment. The PHENIX experiment is the largest of the four experiments currently taking data at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a world-class scientific research facility that began operation in 2000, following 10 years of development and construction. The pixel module presented here will be installed on the PHENIX forward tracker region. The pixel modules will be stacked in four parallel planes that will then form the tracking stations for forward tracking. There will be up to twenty four modules per station adding to almost two million pixels. The pixel tracker will be used to identify charm and beauty quarks that are produced early in the heavy ion collisions. A new version of the hybrid pixel readout chips is being used on this experiment, the FPIX 2.1. This chip has improved electronics and is capable of providing trigger signals for the experiment.
Abstract P095: An Expression-Based in Vivo Protein Trap Screen Enriches Cardiac Mutants and Reveals Cardiac Functions of Methionine Adenosyltransferase 2A in Zebrafish

The present forward mutagenesis screen strategies in vertebrates are difficult to identify genes and mutants affecting a specific organ of interest. Here, we report a strategy to enrich cardiac mutants by leveraging the transparency of zebrafish embryos and the high efficiency of pGBT-RP2 (RP2), a gene-breaking transposon-based in vivo protein trap cassette. By selectively raising up founder fish with Red Fluorescence Protein (RFP) reporter expression in the heart, we successfully generated 15 cardiac mutant lines. All tagged loci exhibit cardiac expression and the overall knockdown efficiency at transcript level is greater than 95%. One of the cardiac lines, RP2_ #135, is a homozygous embryonic lethal line that is caused by a RP2 insertion in methionine adenosyltransferase 2a (mat2a) . Taking advantage of the LoxP sites inside the RP2 vector, we further demonstrated that the cardiac phenotypes in RP2_ #135 is due to a disrupted expression of mat2a in cardiomyocytes, as indicated by a conditional rescue assay using Tg(cmlc2:Cre-YFP) , a myocardium specific Cre transgenic line. Finally, we show that the reduced cardiomyocyte number, but not size, in the mat2a mutant is conveyed by the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway. Together, our data prove the feasibility of a facile approach to generate a vertebrate cardiac mutant collection with the following two unique features. First, the expression dynamics of each tagged gene is reported by RFP. Second, the causality between the tissue-specific gene expression and the resulted cardiac phenotypes can be attested genetically.
Preventing the Shut-Down: Embodied Critical Care in a Teacher Educator’s Practice

ABSTRACTThis article explores the practice of one teacher educator to understand how she mitigates student resistance to prevent what we call “the shut-down” when teaching mostly White students about systemic forms of oppression. Engaging students in conversations about oppression does not in itself disrupt systems of power and privilege in schools. But learning to avoid the shut-down is an important step for teacher educators who wish to teach with social justice aims. This article offers an inside look into one teacher educator’s practice to show how she avoids the shut-down and maintains student engagement through a pedagogy of embodied critical care. In particular, she (1) helps students embody care by teaching with carefully sequenced stories, including her own and (2) uses ethical care to develop critical consciousness in her students.
A new parallel python tool for the standardization of earth system model data

We have developed a new parallel Python tool for the standardization of Earth System Model (ESM) data for publication as part of Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs). It was specifically designed to aid Community Earth System Model (CESM) scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in preparation for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6), expected to start in early 2017. However, the tool is general to any and all MIPs and ESMs. The tool is implemented with MPI parallelism using mpi4py, and it performs the data standardization computation with a directed acyclic graph (DAG) data structure capable of streaming data from ESM input data to standardized output files. In this paper, we describe the tool, its design and testing.
The Cytoplasmic Domain of Glycoprotein Ibβ Is Critical to Surface Trafficking of Glycoprotein Ib-IX Complex.

Platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex mediates platelet adhesion to the subendothelium of damaged vessel walls under high shear conditions. Delineating the assembly process of the GP Ib-IX complex will aid our understanding of the complex structure and shed light on the signaling mechanism underlying platelet activation. The GP Ib-IX complex comprises three polypeptides, GP Ibα, GP Ibβ and GP IX, and efficient surface expression of the complex in transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells requires all of its three subunits, indicating that the assembly of the complex in the endoplasmic reticulum is required for its subsequent trafficking to the plasma membrane. We recently showed that the interaction between the transmembrane domain of GP Ibβ and the other subunits is critical to efficient surface expression of the GP Ib-IX complex. Here, we have explored the role of the Ibβ cytoplasmic domain in the complex assembly and surface expression. In CHO cells transiently expressing the mutant Ib-IX complex in which the Ibβ cytoplasmic domain was deleted or replaced entirely with the IX counterpart, neither cellular expression of GP Ibα nor surface expression of GP Ibα and IX was detected. In contrast, deletion and/or replacement of the Ibα or IX cytoplasmic domains did not affect significantly the assembly and surface expression of the receptor complex. Furthermore, deletion of the last six residues in the Ibβ cytoplasmic domain did not affect the cellular expression level of GP Ibα but significantly decreased its surface expression level in CHO cells. Intriguingly, further deletion of the Ibβ cytoplasmic domain that removed the binding site for 14-3-3ζ restored surface expression of the GP Ib-IX complex to a level comparable to the wild type construct. Overall, our results demonstrated an important role of the Ibβ cytoplasmic domain in both assembly and trafficking of the GP Ib-IX complex. Critical residues in the Ibβ cytoplasmic domain have been identified and further characterization is currently underway.
Overview of Asian American Data Collection, Release, and Analysis: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018

Data System. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, is a cross-sectional survey on the health and nutritional status of US adults and children.Data Collection/Processing. A complex, multistage probability design is used to select a sample representative of the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population. NHANES includes in-home interviews, physical examinations, and biospecimen collection. About 5000 persons are examined annually. Since 2011, NHANES has been oversampling Asian Americans in addition to traditionally oversampled groups, including Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks.Data Analysis/Dissemination. Data are publicly released online in 2-year cycles. Some data, because of disclosure risk, are only available through the Research Data Center. Data users should read documentation, examine sample sizes and response rates, and account for the complex survey design. With publicly released data, analyses of Asians as a single...
Homo debitor: money and debt as power2 relation

ABSTRACTIn this review article, I survey books by three authors, each of which address the issues of debt and personal indebtedness. The authors are: Greta Krippner; David Graeber; and Maurizio Laz...
Optimization of a synthetic receptor for dimethyllysine using a biphenyl-2,6-dicarboxylic acid scaffold: insights into selective recognition of hydrophilic guests in water

In the design of small molecule receptors for polar guests, much inspiration has been taken from proteins that have adapted effective ways to selectively bind polar molecules in aqueous environments. Nonetheless, molecular recognition of hydrophilic guests in water by synthetic receptors remains a challenging task. Here we report a new synthetic receptor, A2I, with improved affinity and selectivity for a biologically important polar guest, dimethyllysine (Kme2). A2I was prepared via redesign of a small molecule receptor (A2B) that preferentially binds trimethyllysine (Kme3) using dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC). We designed a new biphenyl-2,6-dicarboxylate monomer, I, with the goal of creating a buried salt bridge with Kme2 inside a synthetic receptor. Indeed, incorporation of I into the receptor A2I resulted in a receptor with 32-fold enhancement in binding affinity, which represents the highest affinity receptor for Kme2 in the context of a peptide to date and is tighter than most Kme2 reader proteins. It also exhibits a ∼2.5-fold increase in preference for Kme2 vs. Kme3 relative to the parent receptor, A2B. This work provides insight into effective strategies for binding hydrophilic, cationic guests in water and is an encouraging result toward a synthetic receptor that selectively binds Kme2 over other methylation states of lysine.
A common darkness: Style and spirituality in Goth subculture

This article provides an ethnographic account of Goth subculture within a major metropolitan city in the northeastern United States. We situate our study in the context of previous literature in nightlife and dance subcultures, including Delgado and Munoz's work on Latin-American dance culture, Bailey's research on drag queen culture, Saldanha's study of Goa freaks, and the Goth studies of Powell and Siegel. We expand these studies by drawing from scholarship in media and religion, framing Goth as a manifestation of “quest culture.” We argue that Goth rejects both normative religion and conventional psychology, embracing darkness” as a vehicle for authentically transcendent spiritual experiences with sonic, visual, and embodied dimensions (what one attendee called “spirituality on the dancefloor”). As noted in our conclusion, these efforts are troubled and often include regressive moments which amplify latent misogyny and racialized privilege within the community. By integrating these approaches, our study highlights Goth's similarity to other subcultural and nightlife communities, while also situating its unique sonic aesthetics within the context of religious-institutional decline and the subsequent emergence of hybrid forms of spirituality driven by popular media.
Hydraulic fracture permeability estimation using stimulation pressure data

Abstract We describe a method, first proposed by Sil and Freymueller in 2006, to estimate permeability of hydraulic fracture from pressure data recorded during hydraulic fracturing. The method hypothesizes that the drop in the injection pressure just after the breakdown during hydraulic fracturing occurs due to flow of injected fracturing fluid inside the induced hydraulic fracture. If this is true than the fracture permeability can be estimated using diffusion equation. To test the hypothesis the pressure data recorded just after the breakdown during hydraulic fracturing of dry Tennessee sandstone is modelled with 1D pressure diffusion equation. The outcome of modelling is the value of hydraulic diffusivity which is used to estimate fracture permeability. Hydraulic diffusivity is a function of permeability, injected fluid viscosity and poroelastic modulus of rock. The injected fluid viscosity is most of the time known and the poroelastic modulus can be calculated from the velocity data measured in the lab. To validate the results, the estimated fracture permeability was compared with the fracture permeability measured as a function of confining pressure using AP608™. The results show that the estimated permeability values come in close agreement with the measured one at 500 psi.
PROTEIN ASSEMBLY TO MINE THE HUMAN GENOME

The human genome contains 30,000 or so genes [1,2]. Scientists from a broad range of disciplines are now working to reveal the structure and function of the proteins encoded by these genes. Their findings could lead to the solution of a multitude of problems in biology and medicine. In addition to structure-function analyses of extant proteins, chemical biologists are working to create new proteins with desirable properties, either by de novo design or by altering natural frameworks.
A Report of the 24th Annual Congress on Women's Health—Workshop on Transforming Women's Health: From Research to Practice

Abstract Sex and gender are critical contributors to overall health and disease, and considering both in research informs the development of prevention strategies and treatment interventions for both men and women. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women's Health sponsored a preconference workshop on this topic at the 24th Annual Women's Health Congress, which was held in Crystal City, VA, in April 2016. The workshop featured presentations by NIH intramural and extramural scientists who presented data on a variety of topics including polycystic kidney disease, vaccine protection, depression, drug addiction, and cardiovascular disease. In this publication, we discuss the major points of each presentation and demonstrate the importance of considering sex and gender in biomedical research.
Prescription patterns and characteristics of users of Chinese herbal products in the US: Analysis of a teaching center prescription database

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance We know little about US use of Chinese herbal products (CHP). Aim of the study: To understand CHP users’ sociodemographic characteristics, CHP indications for use, and prescribing patterns in an acupuncture teaching center in the United States. Materials and methods Retrospective chart review and descriptive statistics. Results CHP users were mostly female and white with at least a college education. The most common main complaint for CHP treatment was genitourinary system. Most of the CHP users were given thirteen different herbs per prescription, and the mean number of herbs per CHP prescription was twelve. The most common dosing frequency was twice a day (BID) and the most common duration of prescription was seven days. Dang Gui / Angelicae sinensis (Oliv.) Diels was the most frequently prescribed Chinese herb. Conclusion We identified CHP users’ sociodemographic characteristics and CHP prescription patterns in a teaching center in the United States. Future studies will focus on safety and the adverse effect of CHP.
Generation of Spline Approximations to Tessellations

In geometrical modeling, one is often provided a description of a surface that is defined in terms of a triangulation, which is supported by a discrete number of nodes in space. These faceted surface representations are defined to be C-0 continuous, and therefore in general have slope and curvature discontinuities at the triangle sides, unless the tessellation is planar. Unfortunately, analytical and computational methods often require a surface description that has well-defined and smoothly-varying gradients and curvatures; in general spline surfaces possess such properties. Described herein is a process for generating a cubic spline surface that approximates, to within a user-specified tolerance, a given tessellated surface that may be non-convex or multiply-connected. The method combines a local least-squares technique for specifying knot properties as well as an adaptation technique of selecting the necessary knot spacings. This new technique is first described along a curve for illustrative purposes. It is then expanded to the case of the general surface. A reparameterization technique that is required for surfaces with non-smooth parameterizations is described next. Computed results for two configurations are then shown.