cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract PS17-26: Fatty acid synthase inhibition targets ERα in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer

INTRODUCTION: Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for nearly 70% of all cases. Common targeted anti-estrogen therapies such tamoxifen, fulvestrant and aromatase inhibitors have shown success in the clinic, but unfortunately, often lead to resistance. The fatty acid synthase enzyme (FASN) is responsible for endogenously synthesizing long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitate, which can contribute to protein modification, phospholipid biosynthesis for membranes, and lipid raft signaling that favors tumorigenesis. The depletion of intracellular palmitate leads to an alteration of lipid composition within lipid rafts of the plasma membrane as well as lipids within the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum stress elicits an inhibition of protein translation through the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiating factor 2-α (p-eIF2α) and is activated by various stimuli including altered phospholipid composition within the membrane. Our preliminary findings illustrated a degradation of the ERα upon treatment with the FASN inhibitor, TVB-3166, in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, previous studies have illustrated FASN inhibition to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress concomitant with a loss of the androgen receptor (AR) in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Additionally, palmitate treatment rescued AR expression that was accompanied by an attenuation in endoplasmic reticulum stress. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize FASN inhibition leads to a degradation of ERα in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. METHODS: Patient tumor explants were incubated for 72h on gelatin sponges in culture medium in the absence or presence of 200nM TVB-3166. Tissue were fixed in 10% formalin and processed into paraffin blocks and stained for ERα and Ki67. To investigate TVB induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, tamoxifen-Resistant (TamR) MCF-7 and MCF-7 cells were treated with TVB-3166 or vehicle control followed by treatment with either palmitate or ER stress inhibitor, 1,2-Bis(2-Aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). Expression of ERα, p-eIF2α, eIF2α were measured by western blot. RESULTS: TVB-3166 treatment of primary tumor explants decreased their proliferation (Ki67) compared to untreated controls (14% vs 36%, p Citation Format: Bryan Mcclellan, Aleksandra Gruslova, Christopher Jolly, Linda deGraffenried, Andrew Brenner. Fatty acid synthase inhibition targets ERα in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS17-26.
Handbook of hypnotic techniques, vol. 1: favorite methods of master clinicians: Handbook of hypnotic techniques, vol. 1: Favorite methods of master clinicians, edited by M. P. Jensen, Denny Creek Press, Kirkland, Washington, 2019, 228 pp., $19.99 (soft cover), ISBN: 978-1-946832-12-2

When Editor-in-Chief, Stephen Lankton invited me to write a book review for this journal, I readily accepted his invitation. When he informed me the book was the latest in an edited series (Voices ...
Kinetic model for molecular beam epitaxy growth of InAsSbBi alloys

The growth of Bi-containing III-V alloys requires careful control over temperature and group-V fluxes due to the low equilibrium solubility of Bi and its tendency to surface segregate into Bi-rich droplet features. A model for molecular beam epitaxy growth based on the kinetics of atomic desorption, incorporation, surface accumulation, and droplet formation is applied to the bismide alloy InAsSbBi grown on GaSb substrates. A steady-state solution is derived for the Bi, Sb, and As mole fractions and surface layer coverages based on the Bi, Sb, and As fluxes. A nonlinear least-squares algorithm is used to fit the growth model parameters to experimentally measured Bi mole fractions in bulk and quantum well InAsSbBi samples grown at 400 °C and 420 °C. The Bi mole fraction ranges from 0.12% to 1.86% among 17 samples examined. The results indicate that as the growth temperature increases, the rate of Bi incorporation decreases and the rate of Bi self-desorption increases. A strong interaction is observed between Bi and As that plays a role in the desorption of excess Bi from the growth surface, thus reducing the likelihood of Bi-rich droplet formation when an excess As flux is present. Significantly, the model predicts that the incorporation of Bi is limited to mole fractions of 1.43% at 400 °C and 0.30% at 420 °C in lattice-matched bulk InAsSbBi grown on GaSb substrates.
Precision mentoring (PM): a proposed framework for increasing research capacity in health-related disciplines.

Research productivity is expected of academic faculty, and mentoring can facilitate it. This paper presents a framework for using mentoring to develop researchers in health disciplines.We utilized ...
Acute Neurologic Manifestations of Systemic Immune-Mediated Diseases.

Systemic autoimmune diseases can affect the peripheral and central nervous system. In this review, we outline the common inpatient consultations for patients with neurological symptoms from rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, Behcet's disease, giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa, and ankylosing spondylitis. We discuss the symptoms, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options.
Ebola Virus Disease Stigmatization; The Role of Societal Attributes

Globally, persons with diseases like leprosy, tuberculosis, H1N1, SARS or HIV/AIDS have been stigmatized. The ongoing Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa has been the longest outbreak in the history of the disease and the first outbreak to ever occur in West Africa. The strain of ebolavirus in West Africa is one of the most virulent strains of the filoviridae family and case fatalities can be as high as 90%. Treatment of EVD is mainly supportive and societal attributes contribute to stigmatization of the disease and ultimately the spread of the disease. The method used in this study was a search in major databases including PUBMED and Google Scholar. The study also included a review of current events and data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In this review, an overview of filoviral hemorrhagic fevers was discussed. The cultural beliefs on the causes of diseases and the stigmatization of infectious diseases in history were examined. In addition, the virulence between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and EVD were compared. Specifically, it examined Ebola stigmatization and identified societal attributes responsible for the stigma and the implications for controlling the spread. It also points to ways to reduce EVD stigmatization as a way of controlling the spread of EVD. While there is a lot of ongoing research for the cure and control of EVD, little attention is being paid to the role of stigmatization in the control of the disease. Fear is the driving force of EVD stigmatization because EVD is a virulent, fast killing disease that has no cure. Powerlessness is another driving force in stigmatization. The sensationalism in news reporting and the mistrust of the government are factors playing on fear and rumor. Counselling should be provided to the community before survivors of EVD return home. Survivors of EVD should be counselled before going home. The government should set up a task force on stigmatization and make efforts to regain the trust of the people. Memorials for those that died from EVD should be erected in each of the districts affected. Schools should not be closed for long periods and should only be closed if there is recourse to distance education. Faith based organizations can also use the methods for distance education as a means to encourage their followers.Keywords: Ebola virus disease; cultural beliefs; stigmatization; EVD survivors; outbreak; Ebola; stigma; SARS;HIV/AIDS; Infectious diseases.
Cytidine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase in mammalian tissues. Occurrence and biological involvement.

Abstract A phosphodiesterase activity that preferentially hydrolyzed cytidine 3':5'-monophosphate was partially purified from rat liver extract. The enzyme was best activated by Fe2+ (5 to 10 mM). Mn2+ and Mg2+ were less effective, whereas Zn2+, Co2+, and Ca2+ were ineffective. It exhibited kinetics typical of a high Km phosphodiesterase, with a Km for cycli CMP of 2.4 mM. The enzyme, inhibited by theophylline and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine to much less extents than cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases, was found in all rat tissues examined, with highest levels seen in the liver, kidney, and intestine, and lowest levels found in the skeletal muscle, cerebellum, aorta, and blood cells. The enzyme levels in the regenerating liver were found to be about 40% lower than the control liver of rats; they were also 3 to 10 times lower in the fetal liver, lung, and heart than the corresponding adult tissues of guinea pigs. These findings suggest that depressed cyclic CMP phosphodiesterase may be in part related to cell proliferation, in line with reports that the regenerating liver has higher levels of cyclic CMP (Bloch, A. (1975) Adv. Cycli Nucleotide Res. 5, 331-338) and cytidylate cyclase (Cech, S. Y., and Ignarro, L.J. (1977) Science 198, 1063-1065).
Long-Term Orbit Determination and Prediction for Geodynamic Investigations

Comparison of artificial Earth satellite orbits determined with different data types and/or force model parameters indicates that the error in such orbits is essentially short periodic with respect to the satellite motion. Therefore the mean elements of satellite orbits can be expected to be very precisely known. A precision of a few centimeters in mean semi-major axis and a few hundredths of an arc second in mean inclination has been achieved for geodetic satellite orbits using the combined analytical-numerical technique discussed in this paper. Another semi-analytical technique for analyzing these mean elements to determine a wide variety of geodynamic parameters is also presented.
Minimal coadjoint orbits and symplectic induction

Let (X, ω) be an integral symplectic manifold and let (L, ∇) be a quantum line bundle, with connection, over X having ω as curvature. With this data one can define an induced symplectic manifold \( (\tilde X,\omega _{\tilde X} ) \), where dim \( \tilde X = 2 + \dim X \). It is then shown that prequantization on X becomes classical Poisson bracket on \( \tilde X \). We consider the possibility that if X is the coadjoint orbit of a Lie group K, then \( \tilde X \) is the coadjoint orbit of some larger Lie group G. We show that this is the case if G is a noncompact simple Lie group with a finite center and K is the maximal compact subgroup of G. The coadjoint orbit X arises (Borel-Weil) from the action of K on \( \mathfrak{p} \), where \( \mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{k} + \mathfrak{p} \) is a Cartan decomposition. Using the Kostant-Sekiguchi correspondence and a diffeomorphism result of M. Vergne we establish a symplectic isomorphism \( (\tilde X,\omega _{\tilde X} ) \cong (Z,\omega _Z ) \), where Z is a nonzero minimal “nilpotent” coadjoint orbit of G. This is applied to show that the split forms of the five exceptional Lie groups arise symplectically from the symplectic induction of coadjoint orbits of certain classical groups.
Markets, Hierarchies, and Networks: An Agent‐Based Organizational Ecology

Markets, hierarchies, and networks are widely understood to be the three primary forms of social organization. In this article, we study the choice between these forms in a general, agent-based model (ABM) of cooperation. The organizational ecology is the product, an emergent property, of the set of choices made by agents contingent on their individual attributes and beliefs about the population of agents. This is one of the first attempts to theorize explicitly the choice between different organizational forms, especially networks and hierarchies, and certainly the first to do so in an ABM. The insights of the model are applied to current research on transnational networks, social capital, and the sources of hierarchy and especially autocracy.
The coeliac stomach: Gastritis in patients with coeliac disease

SummaryBackground Lymphocytic gastritis (LG) is an uncommon entity with varying symptoms and endoscopic appearances. This condition, as well as two forms of H. pylori-negative gastritis [chronic active gastritis (CAG) and chronic inactive gastritis (CIG)], appears to be more common in patients with coeliac disease (CD) based on single-centred studies. Aim To compare the prevalence of LG, CAG and CIG among those with normal duodenal histology (or nonspecific duodenitis) and those with CD, as defined by villous atrophy (Marsh 3). Methods We analysed all concurrent gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens submitted to a national pathology laboratory during a 6-year period. We performed multiple logistic regression to identify independent predictors of each gastritis subtype. Results Among patients who underwent concurrent gastric and duodenal biopsy (n = 287 503), the mean age was 52 and the majority (67%) were female. Compared to patients with normal duodenal histology, LG was more common in partial villous atrophy (OR: 37.66; 95% CI: 30.16–47.03), and subtotal/total villous atrophy (OR: 78.57; 95% CI: 65.37–94.44). CD was also more common in CAG (OR for partial villous atrophy 1.93; 95% CI: 1.49–2.51, OR for subtotal/total villous atrophy 2.42; 95% CI: 1.90–3.09) and was similarly associated with CIG (OR for partial villous atrophy 2.04; 95% CI: 1.76–2.35, OR for subtotal/total villous atrophy 2.96; 95% CI: 2.60–3.38). Conclusions Lymphocytic gastritis is strongly associated with coeliac disease, with increasing prevalence correlating with more advanced villous atrophy. Chronic active gastritis and chronic inactive gastritis are also significantly associated with coeliac disease. Future research should measure the natural history of these conditions after treatment with a gluten-free diet.
Finite-temperature excitations of the Toda lattice in the semiclassical regime

The finite-temperature excitations of a large Toda lattice in the semiclassical regime are analysed using the Bethe ansatz, and a physical interpretation is presented, showing clearly that the lattice phonon excitation corresponds to the Bethe ansatz hole, even in the classical limit at finite temperature. The authors' method gives a simple derivation of the formulae for excitation energies and momenta, which were first written down by Gruner-Bauer and Mertens (1988) from a consistency argument, and it suggests why solitons do not apparently contribute to the Toda lattice free energy.
Shale gas reservoir treatment by a CO2-based technology

The booming development and production of shale gas largely depends on extensive application of water-based hydraulic fracturing treatments and primary pressure depletion. Issues associated with this procedure include fast production rate drop, low recovery factor, high water consumption, and formation damage. It is necessary to develop new reservoir fracturing and enhanced gas recovery (EGR) technologies to reduce water usage and resource degradation, guarantee the environmental sustainability of unconventional resource developments, and boost individual well production. Building on gas storage and transport mechanisms in shales, this study investigated the feasibility of a new CO2-based reservoir treatment technology. CO2 has a higher adsorptivity than CH4, enabling it to liberate adsorbed natural gas in place. Therefore, gas production will be boosted by injecting CO2 to replace CH4. This novel reservoir treatment process will also open a large market for the beneficial utilization of CO2. In this paper, the authors discuss the theoretical principles and feasibility of using CO2 in both the stimulation stage and the secondary gas recovery stage. Following that, the authors outline a case study performed to simulate applying the CO2-EGR process in the Barnett, Eagle Ford, and Marcellus shale plays. The marginal revenue per thousand standard cubic feet (MSCF) of increased CH4 production was calculated. The profitability was found to be largely determined by the prices of natural gas and available CO2. A cost break-down analysis indicated that the CO2 procurement expense was the main component in the total cost. The proposed CO2-EGR process was mostly like to be successful in the Barnett shale.
Epidermal expression of transforming growth factor-α in transgenic mice: Induction of spontaneous and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced papillomas via a mechanism independent of Ha-ras activation or overexpression

To assess the requirements for papilloma formation in transgenic mice that overexpress transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in the epidermis (HK1.TGF alpha), we tested the sensitivity of HK1.TCF alpha mice to tumor promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and analyzed the resultant papillomas for synergic c-Ha-ras activation and overexpression. We observed that HK1.TGF alpha mice were highly sensitive to TPA promotion, exhibiting multiple papillomas as early as the third week of treatment. After 60 wk of promotion, malignant conversion was not observed and tumors regressed upon removal of the TPA promotion stimulus. Most of the TPA-induced papillomas did not have detectable c-Ha-ras mutations at codons 12, 13, or 61, but three papillomas arising after long-term TPA promotion (5-7 mo) exhibited c-Ha-ras activation at codon 61 (A-->T and A-->G). Conversely, spontaneous papillomas arising without TPA promotion, including persisting autonomous papillomas, were all negative for activating c-Ha-ras mutations. Both spontaneous and TPA-induced HK1.TGF alpha papillomas expressed c-Ha-ras message levels similar to those in normal, nontransgenic epidermis or HK1.TGF alpha hyperplastic epidermis. These data demonstrate that TCF-alpha overexpression can be an initiating event for TPA promotion, that papillomatogenesis in HK1.TGF alpha mice proceeds frequently via a pathway independent of Haras activation or overexpression, and, thus, that other events are required for autonomous growth and malignant conversion. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Stem elongation of Xanthium plants presented in terms of relative elemental rates

Vegetative Xanthium plants grown under noninductive conditions were marked along the stem with India ink and photographed during three successive days. The relative elemental rates of stem elongation ld(dX/dt)/dX] were estimated for 18 plants between 15 and 18 plastochrons. On the average, only the 8.0 cm terminal part of the stem was elongating in this group of plants. Young internodes were elongating at constant relative elemental rates ([d(dX/dt)/dX] was about 0.2 days-'); nodal portions of the stem beteween two young internodes were not elongating. Internodes longer than 2 cm displayed an acropetal pattern of elongation in which the basal part of an internode stopped elongating and matured first and the apical portion last. The pattern of elongation of the stem could be best approximated to a set of cascading waterfalls with declining plateaus in the direction of the water flow. The acropetal pattern of individual internode elongation observed in Xanthium was similar to those reported for Helianthus and Phaseolus internode growth. WE HAVE recently investigated (Maksymowych, Elsner and Maksymowych, 1984) internode elongation in Xanthium plants treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) and their controls. This investigation has now been expanded to cover the entire terminal shoots of untreated
Attenuation of Anterior Pituitary Phosphoinositide Phosphorylase Activity by the D2 Dopamine Receptor

We have examined the influences of dopamine and the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine on phosphoinositide metabolism in primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells, monitoring changes in the levels of phosphatidylinositol (Ptdlns), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PtdIns(4)P], and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. Basal incorporation of [3H]inositol ([3H]Ins) into phosphoinositides was progressive, and radioisotopic equilibrium was attained in all three species within 48 h. The inclusion of dopamine or bromocriptine in the incubation medium promoted concentration-dependent reductions in the rate, but not the magnitude, of phosphoinositide radiolabeling. The onset of this effect was rapid; inhibition of [3H]Ins incorporation by dopamine (500 nM) and bromocriptine (100 nM) could be detected within 2 h. This treatment also produced a comparable reduction in the incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into PtdIns(4,5)P2. In extended time-course studies, bromocriptine dramatically retar...
Constitutive equations for ligament and other soft tissue: evaluation by experiment

Ligaments, tendons and other soft tissues are nonlinearly viscoelastic. To discriminate among various constitutive equations which may be used to describe the tissue, appropriate experimental modalities are requisite. Ideally, testing should span physiologic ranges for load (or strain), load history (recovery and reloading), and load onset and duration, and a robust model will fit all data. Methods to expand the experimental window of time for relaxation and creep are presented and evaluated. The role of ramp, relaxation and recovery protocols is studied in the context of viscoelasticity describable by linear, quasi-linear, nonlinear superposition, Schapery, and multiple integral formulations. The advantages associated with testing protocols that expand the time windows for creep or relaxation are presented.
Critical correlations in moderately delocalized cerium compounds

Abstract We present an RPA calculation of the longitudinal component of the static wavevector-dependent susceptibility in the paramagnetic regime for an fcc lattice of Ce 3+ ions coupled by the highly anisotropic hybridization-mediated interionic interaction. The calculations have been performed in the presence of a cubic crystal-field (CF) and yield results for the ratio of inverse critical correlation lengths, κ  /κ ⊥ , parallel and perpendicular to the moment direction that compare well with those of critical neutron scattering experiments. We also find that as the CF interaction (Γ 7 ground state) predominates over the two-ion interaction, κ  /κ ⊥ becomes smaller than unity, as is experimentally observed.
Nuclear-electric power in space: Nuclear-reactor power systems could produce an abundance of new applications in space, hut design hurdles abound

Describes a joint program of NASA and DOE to develop the technology required for nuclear-reactor space power plants in the 100-to-1000-kWe range. The new program, called SP-100, will investigate potential space missions for 100-to-1000-kWe nuclear-reactor power systems and develop the technology to build such system. The limitations of present method of producing electricity for space vehicles and the benefits of the nuclear approach are discussed. Also, high temperature problems, the thermionic concept, thermoelectric generation, the Stirling engine approach, heat transfer problems, and radiation protection are discussed.
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE MALE FELINE URETHRA: MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS

Anatomical and histological methods were combined with measurements of the urethral pressure profile (UPP) to investigate the functional aspects of the urethra in male cats. A silicone rubber catheter with two microdiaphragm pressure transducers was used to measure the UPP. Gross anatomy and ultrastructure of the urethra at each segment were examined and correlated with the pressure profile data. The preprostatic urethra was composed of three layers of smooth muscle, while distal to the prostate striated muscle became predominant. Increased baseline pressure and rapid fluctuations in pressure in the postprostatic urethra and bulbourethra resulted from the function of periurethral striated musculature. The UPP was affected by the bladder pressure, repetition of the measurement, the sensor orientation in the urethra, and the type of measurement catheter. Well controlled high fidelity measurements enabled a clear correlation to be established between the features of the UPP and the anatomy of the urethra and surrounding musculature. Additionally, observations on the ultrastructural and microscopic anatomy of the urethra extend a previous description of the pelvic urethra.
New derivation of the seniority-scheme boson mapping of the shell model algebra☆

Abstract A new method is described for the derivation of the unitary boson mapping associated with a seniority shell-model basis. Surprisingly, the fundamental tool in the derivation is the generalized Dyson (non-hermitian) version of the Belyaev-Zelevinsky-Marshalek mapping, which bosonizes all the shell-model pairing and multipole degrees of freedom.
Predicting Failures of Vision Systems

Computer vision systems today fail frequently. They also fail abruptly without warning or explanation. Alleviating the former has been the primary focus of the community. In this work, we hope to draw the community's attention to the latter, which is arguably equally problematic for real applications. We promote two metrics to evaluate failure prediction. We show that a surprisingly straightforward and general approach, that we call ALERT, can predict the likely accuracy (or failure) of a variety of computer vision systems--semantic segmentation, vanishing point and camera parameter estimation, and image memorability prediction--on individual input images. We also explore attribute prediction, where classifiers are typically meant to generalize to new unseen categories. We show that ALERT can be useful in predicting failures of this transfer. Finally, we leverage ALERT to improve the performance of a downstream application of attribute prediction: zero-shot learning. We show that ALERT can outperform several strong baselines for zero-shot learning on four datasets.
Effect of timing of simulated rain on ammonia volatilization from surface-applied broiler litter

Abstract Surface application of animal manures may lead to significant nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Understanding the factors that control these NH3 losses is important for predicting the amount of manure N that will be available to crops. Field studies have shown that rain following cattle manure application can reduce NH3 volatilization. Similar results may be expected with broiler litter due to its high concentration of water‐soluble N. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of timing of simulated rainfall on NH3 volatilization and N mineralization from surface‐applied broiler litter. In one study, broiler litter from six broiler houses was applied (224 kg N ha‐1) on the surface of packed soil columns that received 40 mm of simulated rain either immediately before or immediately after litter application. Following treatments, the columns were placed in a flow‐through system (25°C) that trapped NH3 volatilized for 21 days. In another study, packed soil columns...
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins improve survival when given after endotoxin in rats

Background. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins have been shown to bind bacterial endotoxin and inhibit its activity in vitro and to protect animals from death when administered before a lethal injection of endotoxin. We now demonstrate that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins can neutralize the toxic effects of endotoxin already in circulation. Methods. Rats were infused with a lethal dose of endotoxin, followed at various time intervals by an infusion of either mesenteric lymph containing nascent chylomicrons (1 gm chylomicron triglyceride/kg) or an equal volume of normal saline solution. Survival was measured at 48 hours. The experiment was then repeated, substituting the synthetic triglyceride-rich lipid emulsion (1 gm/kg) for chylomicrons. We also measured the clearance and tissue distribution of radioiodinated endotoxin in rats treated subsequently with chylomicrons or saline solution. Results. Chylomicron infusions significantly improved survival when given up to 30 minutes after a lethal dose of endotoxin (p Conclusions. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and synthetic triglyceride-rich lipid emulsions significantly improve survival of rats when given after a lethal dose of endotoxin. Lipoprotein treatment accelerates endotoxin clearance to the liver, which may account for the observed protection. These data suggest a possible therapeutic role for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins or synthetic lipid emulsions in the treatment of the endotoxemia of gram-negative sepsis.
Cellular localization of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor during Wolffian duct differentiation of the fetal mouse.

Previous studies from this laboratory indicated a role for epidermal growth factor (EGF) in androgen-dependent male reproductive tract differentiation of the fetal mouse. Expression of an EGF-like protein during Wolffian duct differentiation was indicated from the determinations by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and radioreceptor assay. To further characterize the protein and to assess its role in male sexual differentiation, expression of the protein has been analyzed by Western blot assay and its tissue-specific cellular expression has been determined by immunocytochemical assay in the present study. Western blot analysis of the 18-day fetal male reproductive tract detected an immunoreactive band of the predicted 6-kDa size. Immunocytochemical analysis also detected EGF-specific immunostaining in the Wolffian duct derivatives. At day 18 of gestation, the staining was localized predominantly in the epithelial nuclei of the Wolffian duct derivatives whereas at days 14 and 16 of gestation, the staining was equally distributed in the mesenchymal and epithelial sites of the Wolffian duct derivative. The intensity of the staining increased with progression of differentiation during the 14th–18th days of gestation. Prenatal exposure to the antiandrogen flutamide significantly reduced the immunostaining of the duct. Thus, a role for EGF in Wolffian duct differentiation is indicated.
Glucocorticoids Induce Proteasome C3 Subunit Expression in L6 Muscle Cells by Opposing the Suppression of Its Transcription by NF-κB

Muscle wasting in catabolic conditions results from activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway by a process that requires glucocorticoids and is generally associated with increased levels of mRNAs encoding components of this proteolytic system. In L6 muscle cells, dexamethasone stimulates proteolysis and increases the amount of the proteasome C3 subunit protein by augmenting its transcription. Transfection studies with human C3 promoter-luciferase reporter genes and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that a NF-κB·protein complex containing Rel A is abundant in L6 muscle cell nuclei. Glucocorticoids stimulate C3 subunit expression by antagonizing the interaction of this NF-κB protein with an NF-κB response element in the C3 subunit promoter region. Dexamethasone also increased the cytosolic amounts of the NF-κB p65 subunit and the IκBα inhibitor proteins in L6 cells. Incubation of L6 cells with a cytokine mixture not only increased the amount of activated NF-κB but also decreased C3 promoter activity and lowered endogenous C3 subunit mRNA. Thus, NF-κB is a repressor of C3 proteasome subunit transcription in muscle cells, and glucocorticoids stimulate C3 subunit expression by opposing this suppressor action.
Hydrolysis of leucine enkephalin in the nasal cavity of the rat — A possible factor in the low bioavailability of nasally administered peptides

In order to investigate the utility of intranasal administration of peptides for systemic medication, the nasal absorption of the model peptide, leucine enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu), was studied in the rat. At a concentration of 60 micrograms/ml in Ringer's buffer the pentapeptide was found to undergo, extensive hydrolysis in the nasal cavity. The hydrolysis rather than the polarity of the pentapeptide appears responsible for limiting the nasal absorption of this model compound. In the presence of dipeptides, the hydrolysis of leucine enkephalin was significantly inhibited. These results suggest that the nasal administration of peptides may become an important route for drug administration provided that the peptidases in the nasal mucosa can be transiently inhibited via coadministration of pharmacologically inactive peptidase substrates.
Stationary x-ray source for tomographic medical imaging

A stationary x-ray source for tomographic medical imaging is being developed. The source is based upon a matrix addressable array of microfabricated cold cathodes. The characteristics of the x-ray source for breast imaging applications are being quantified. Emission currents exceeding 300 mA from 1 sqmm cathodes have been observed and currents exceeding 100 mA are now routine. X-ray focal spots on the order of 0.2 mm in diameter have been produced with currents of 25 mA @ 25 kV dc.
The seasonal distribution of infant deaths by age: A comparison of sudden infant death syndrome and other causes of death

Objective: To examine the possibility that among deaths in infancy the increase in the winter/summer ratio with increasing age is not peculiar to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Methodology: Details of the winter (December-February)/summer (June-August) ratio among deaths in neonates (<28 days) and post neonates dying in the United States of America between 1979 and 1990 were abstracted from published statistics. The primary causes of death were classified according to the ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Results: For every non-traumatic cause of death including SIDS, the winter/summer ratio was higher among postneonates than neonates. This was not seen for deaths due to trauma. Cases of SIDS and deaths due to infection had the highest ratios in both age categories. Causes of death occurring predominantly in the neonatal period (e.g. anencephaly) had the lowest overall ratios. Conclusions: Neither the greater number of SIDS cases in the winter, nor the increasing winter/summer ratio with increasing age is unique to SIDS.
Lateral saccadic latencies and handedness

Abstract Lateral saccadic latencies were determined in 18 right-handers and 18 left-handers. Within the right-handed group the mean latency was significantly shorter when looking from the left to the right (242.7 msec) than from right to left (265.0 msec), whereas no significant directional difference was found in the left-handed group. An age effect was also found with longer latencies being associated with increased age. These findings agree with those of Pirozzolo and Rayner ( Neuropsychologia 18 , 225–229, 1980) and provide further evidence of the pervasiveness of functional asymmetry in the human brain. The present findings suggest that motoric or central integrative mechanisms may contribute more to saccadic directional asymmetries than do perceptual differences.
Prediction of minimum ignition energy of aerosols using flame kernel modeling combined with flame front propagation theory

Abstract Flammable aerosols have created many fire and explosion hazards in the process industry, but the flammability of aerosols has not been fully understood. The minimum ignition energy has been widely used as an indicator for flammability of combustible mixtures, but the amount of experimental data on the minimum ignition energy of aerosols is very limited. In this work, the minimum ignition energy of tetralin aerosols is predicted using an integrated model. The model applies the flame front propagation theory in aerosol systems to the growth of the flame kernel, which was created during the spark discharge in the ignition process. The aerosol minimum ignition energy was defined as the minimum level of energy in the initial flame kernel to maintain the kernel temperature above the minimum ignition temperature of 1073 K specific for tetralin aerosols during the kernel growth. The minimum ignition energy obtained in the model is influenced by the fuel–air equivalence ratio and the size of the aerosol droplets. For tetralin aerosols of 40 μm diameter, E min decreases significantly from 0.32 mJ to 4.3 × 10 e −3 mJ when the equivalence ratio rises from 0.57 to 1.0. For tetralin aerosols of 0.57 equivalence ratio, E min increases from as 0.09 mJ to 0.32 mJ when the droplet diameter rises from 10 μm to 60 μm. The trends are in agreement with previous experimental observations. The method used in current work has the potential to prediction of the minimum ignition energy of aerosol.
Feminist Technological Futures: Deleuze and Body/Technology Assemblages

The figure of Donna Haraway’s cyborg continues to loom large over contemporary feminist engagements with questions of technology. Across a range of analytical projects ranging from cosmetic surgery...
Copper (II) Ion Binding in Polyacrylic Acid

The complexing of Cu(II) by polyacrylic acid has been investigated. Potentiometric measurements have been employed to facilitate the experimental program. The stability constant of CuA2, the dominant species observed, has been determined to be approximately 6.5 × 103, a value in good agreement with the formation constant of 4.25 × 103 reported for Cu(acetate)2. The quantitative evaluation of this stability constant is made possible by (1) correcting for complication arising from the large and variable electric field at the surface of the polyelectrolyte in the polymer domain and by (2) expressing the concentration of polymer species in terms of the polymer domain volume.
Spatial distributions of pollen in surface sediments of the Potomac estuary1

Pollen of trees extracted from surface sediments of the Potomac estuary represent all components of the arboreal vegetation, with the exception of Liriodendron tuZipiJeru (tulip poplar), and reflect the major forest gradients in a broad band adjacent to the estuary. Pollen of common trees restricted to the upper watershed, 60 km upstream of the limit of tidal influence, are not present in downstream estuarine deposits. A comparison of the statistical variability in pollen data from estuarine sediments with tree data in the area adjacent to the estuary suggests that atmospheric or estuarine transport processes erase the local patchiness of the trees from the pollen distributions in the sediment. Although dispersion is selective for different pollen types, none of the pollen is transported far enough to mask regional forest gradients. Pollen distributions in Potomac estuary sediments suggest that once particles of approximate hydraulic equivalence become part of the suspended sediment load, they are not widely dispersed within the estuary before initial deposition.
Schatten class membership of Hankel operators on the unit sphere

Abstract Let H 2 ( S ) be the Hardy space on the unit sphere S in C n , n ⩾ 2 . Consider the Hankel operator H f = ( 1 − P ) M f | H 2 ( S ) , where the symbol function f is allowed to be arbitrary in L 2 ( S , d σ ) . We show that for p > 2 n , H f is in the Schatten class C p if and only if f − P f belongs to the Besov space B p . To be more precise, the “if” part of this statement is easy. The main result of the paper is the “only if” part. We also show that the membership H f ∈ C 2 n implies f − P f = 0 , i.e., H f = 0 .
Automating BioSense 2.0 Locker Processing for Local Program-Specific Surveillance

This project is developing a package of materials to facilitate implementation of a jurisdictional-driven enhanced process for generating program-specific surveillance reports from BioSense 2.0 locker data. This package includes query and analysis documented-code libraries for SQL, SAS and R, a chief complaint parser, and an implementation guide. BioSense User Community members provided input during the development phase of this package to ensure that the programmed functions in the code libraries address common needs across jurisdictions. Advantages of this approach to analyzing BioSense data are automation and greater analytic versatility and flexibility compared to the current BioSense 2.0 front-door user interface.
Feasibility and acceptability of utilizing a smartphone based application to monitor outpatient discharge instruction compliance in cardiac disease patients around discharge from hospitalization

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing a smartphone based application to monitor compliance in patients with cardiac disease around discharge. For 60 days after discharge, patients' medication compliance, physical activity, follow-up care, symptoms, and reading of education material were monitored daily with the application. 16 patients were enrolled in the study (12 males, 4 females, age 55 ± 18 years) during their hospital stay. Five participants were rehospitalized during the study and did not use the application once discharged. Seven participants completed 1-30 days and four patients completed >31 days. For those 11 patients, medication reminders were utilized 37% (1-30-day group) and 53% (>31-day group) of the time, education material was read 44% (1-30) and 53% (>31) of the time, and physical activity was reported 25% (1-30) and 42% (>31) of the time. Findings demonstrated that patients with stable health utilized the application, even if only minimally. Patients with decreased breath sounds by physical exam and who reported their health as fair to poor on the day of discharge were less likely to utilize the application. Acceptability of the application to report health status varied among the stable patients.
Cone dimensions in keratoconus using Zernike polynomials.

Purpose. To determine the physical dimensions and location of the cone in keratoconic corneas from videokeratoscopic height data. Methods. Corneal height data from keratoconus patients are obtained with a commercial videokeratoscope and decomposed into the set of orthogonal Zernike polynomials. The low-order Zernike terms are removed from the height data to expose the cone. The location of the peak of the cone and the cone's height and lateral dimensions are measured from the residual height data. This technique is compared to previous dioptric power-based methods of locating the cone. Results. The corneal protrusion due to keratoconus takes on a variety of shapes and locations. These dimensions are easily measured with the Zernike decomposition technique and provide more detailed and accurate information regarding the cone than dioptric power data. Conclusions. The proposed method for quantifying cone dimensions and locale in keratoconic corneas provides practical and detailed information which may be useful in tracking the progression of the disease, contact lens fitting, and surgical planning.
Integrin modulating factor-1: a lipid that alters the function of leukocyte integrins.

Abstract The avidity of integrin CR3 (also known as α M β 2 , Mac-1, Mo-1, and CD11bCD18) may be reversibly altered without changes in the number of cell surface receptors. Here we describe a molecule termed integrin modulating factor (IMF-1), which controls CR3 avidity. Addition of IMF-1 to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) or to purified CR3 causes enhanced binding of ligand. IMF-1 is not present in resting PMNs, but stimulation of cells results in a transient rise in IMF-1 content that parallels a transient rise in CR3 activity. We suggest that PMNs control adhesivity by controlling synthesis of IMF-1, which then acts as an allosteric activator of leukocyte integrins. IMF-1 is an acidic, amphiphilic molecule of M r 340 ± 16 that does not contain ester, phosphate, amide, sialic acid, or glycosidic or vicinal hydroxyl functionalities, but does contain a carbon-carbon double bond. These results suggest that IMF-1 is an unsaturated fatty acid or an isoprenoid acid.
A preliminary study on the effects of acellular tissue graft augmentation in acute Achilles tendon ruptures.

Acute Achilles tendon rupture injuries present surgical challenges because of the mechanical forces placed on this tendon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an acellular human dermal tissue matrix, GraftJacket Matrix (Wright Medical Technology, Inc., Arlington, TN), as an augmentation material in acute Achilles tendon repair. Eleven consecutive patients with acute tendon ruptures were evaluated and followed up (20–31 months). Primary repair was followed by augmentation with the graft sutured circumferentially around the tendon. Patients were placed in an early functional rehabilitation program with postoperative evaluation at 3, 6, and 12 months. Outcome scores were calculated based on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle–hindfoot scoring system. At 20-month postoperative follow-up, there have been no cases of rerupture or recurrent pain. The average return-to-activity time was 11.8 ± 0.75 weeks. These retrospective clinical results suggest that with an acellular human dermal tissue matrix to augment acute Achilles tendon, primary repair offers a desirable return-to-activity time without any rerupture or complications. ACFAS Level of Clinical Evidence: 2c.
Responses to Stoljar, Weatherson and Boghossian

Stoljar is right that my approach to the Knowledge Argument (KA) might be described as a version of what he calls ' the self-locating (or indexical) response ', but I regard that response more as a strategy than as an argument. The argument that Stoljar describes is something like this: The AA (an argument analogous to the KA that concerns indexical knowledge) seems to be of the same form as the KA, and the premise seems as plausible. But the AA is unpersuasive, so we should find the KA unpersuasive as well. As an argument against the KA, this is pretty lame. A satisfactory response to the AA that rejects its conclusion must say where it goes wrong. But the indexical strategy might be put this way: If the AA is manifestly unpersuasive, it ought to be easy to say what its mistake is. Perhaps the explanation of where that argument goes wrong will help us to locate an analogous problem with the KA. But this strategy does not yield a response to the KA until one has explained what is wrong with the AA. I think one can explain this, and that the analogy is also of more general interest. Both arguments concern a kind of knowledge that is in some sense essentially subjective. The more general hope is that the analogy will help to clarify what this might mean. And I also hoped that the analogy might be helpful in both directions: not just to clarify distinctively phenomenal information
Research and development leading to high-power vacuum interrupters

Although the vacuum switch concept is more than 30 years old, reliable high-power vacuum interrupters did not become a reality until recently. In this article, the historical background of these vacuum interrupters is given
Five (1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridines.

The title (1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridines, C(9)H(8)N(2), substituted at the ortho, meta, and para positions of the pyridine ring all have hydrogen-bonded arrangements with geometrically similar, nearly linear, N(pyrrole)-H...N(pyridine) hydrogen bonds of average length. The graph sets for the ortho, meta, and three para polymorphs are R(2)(2)(10), C(6), C(7), C(7), and R(4)(4)(28), respectively.
History of plutonium composition of fallout in the Northeastern U.S. from contemporary measurements

The analyses of lake sediments from the northeastern U.S. provide depositional histories of137Cs and239+240Pu from both global fallout and fallout from the Nevada Test Site (NTS) detonations in the 1950's. These results provide an independent verification and extension of the temporal trend of the240Pu/239Pu atom ration of global fallout to earlier times. This data supports the findings of other studies of fallout in the atmospheric and marine environment.