cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expanding roles for CD4 T cells and their subpopulations in tumor immunity and therapy.

The importance of CD4 T cells in orchestrating the immune system and their role in inducing effective T cell-mediated therapies for the treatment of patients with select established malignancies are undisputable. Through a complex and balanced array of direct and indirect mechanisms of cellular activation and regulation, this functionally diverse family of lymphocytes can potentially promote tumor eradication, long-term tumor immunity and aid in establishing and/or rebalancing immune cell homeostasis through interaction with other immune cell populations within the highly dynamic tumor environment. However, recent studies have uncovered additional functions and roles for CD4 T cells, some of which are independent of other lymphocytes, that can not only influence and contribute to tumor immunity but paradoxically promote tumor growth and progression. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the various CD4 T cell lineages and their signature cytokines in disease progression and/or regression. We discuss their direct and indirect mechanistic interplay among themselves and with other responding cells of the antitumor response, their potential roles and abilities for "plasticity" and memory cell generation within the hostile tumor environment and their potentials in cancer treatment and adoptive immunotherapies.
Psychological Injury from Licensing Complaints Against Mental Health Practitioners

Today's mental health practitioners are subject to governmental (e.g., licensing boards) and legal (e.g., professional liability or malpractice) monitoring and regulation. Regrettably, the governmental and legal oversight of health care has proven to be tilted in favor of the service user, with frequent unfair processing and unjustifiably harsh penalties imposed on mental health practitioners—which often result in psychological injury. Stress and anxiety caused by a licensing complaint is common; and in this article, the psychological effects are set forth. It is concluded that there is no reason to expect relief from the risks of practice in the future, that is, typical licensing complaints plus added ethical issues are likely as the mental health professions evolve. This means that, whenever there is an indication of a possible complaint from a service user, today's mental health practitioner must, as part of the support services essential for practice, be prepared to rely on legal counsel.
Forb Nutrient Density for Sage Grouse Broods in Mountain Big Sagebrush Communities, Montana

On the Ground • Sage grouse and grazing livestock numbers have both decreased dramatically over the last half of the 20th century. • Forb density is critical for preincubating sage grouse hens and survival of young broods. • Although sagebrush is needed for sage grouse cover and winter feed, recommended canopy cover levels may be too high to create a forb-rich herbaceous understory. • Higher forb nutrient density for breeding hens and young broods could be achieved with targeted cattle grazing and selective thinning of mature mountain big sagebrush stands.
Photochemistry Is Back in the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory

A commercial four-foot display ultraviolet ?uorescent tube works well both for the photodimerization of trans-cinnamic acid and for the photochemical dimerization of benzophenone to benzopinacol. These procedures were designed for the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory course.
Photoelectron angular distributions for two-photon ionization of atomic rubidium

In this paper we report measurements of photoelectron angular distributions for two-photon ionization of atomic rubidium. These measurements are carried out over a range of laser wavelengths from 591 to 532 nm. Relative cross sections for the various photoionization channels and continuum-wave-function phase differences are derived from the data. These phase differences are not in good agreement with calculations of phase differences based on quantum-defect data and Coulomb phase shifts.
A retrospective analysis of American football hyperthermia deaths in the United States

Over the period 1980-2009, there were 58 documented hyperthermia deaths of American-style football players in the United States. This study examines the geography, timing, and meteorological conditions present during the onset of hyperthermia, using the most complete dataset available. Deaths are concentrated in the eastern quadrant of the United States and are most common during August. Over half the deaths occurred during morning practices when high humidity levels were common. The athletes were typically large (79% with a body mass index >30) and mostly (86%) played linemen positions. Meteorological conditions were atypically hot and humid by local standards on most days with fatalities. Further, all deaths occurred under conditions defined as high or extreme by the American College of Sports Medicine using the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), but under lower threat levels using the heat index (HI). Football-specific thresholds based on clothing (full football uniform, practice uniform, or shorts) were also examined. The thresholds matched well with data from athletes wearing practice uniforms but poorly for those in shorts only. Too few cases of athletes in full pads were available to draw any broad conclusions. We recommend that coaches carefully monitor players, particularly large linemen, early in the pre-season on days with wet bulb globe temperatures that are categorized as high or extreme. Also, as most of the deaths were among young athletes, longer acclimatization periods may be needed.
Pathogenesis of experimental mastitis in the mouse caused by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus of low virulence and its modification by endotoxin

Abstract The pathogenesis of experimental mastitis in the mouse was determined by histopathological and bacteriological examination of the mammary glands of mice at various times after intramammary inoculation of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus of low virulence. The critical point was the interaction of staphylococci and neutrophils. Most mice succeeded in containing the staphylococci within neutrophils and a characteristic epithelial hyperplasia was produced. A reduction in the numbers of staphylococci recovered from the mammary gland of mice 48 h. after inoculation, was produced by intramammary inoculation of endotoxin 6 h. prior to inoculation of staphylococci. This was associated with the presence of neutrophils in the alveolar lumen at the time of staphylococcal challenge. Endotoxin injected by the intramammary route 6 h. after staphylococcal challenge and endotoxin injected by the intraperitoneal route 6 h. before or after staphylococcal challenge increased the susceptibility to infection. Each of these experiments where susceptibility was increased was associated with a defect in neutrophil function.
Identification of parameters in partial differential equations

Abstract The identification of parameters in partial differential equations from experimental output data is investigated. It is assumed that a physical process can be represented by a system of nonlinear hyperbolic or parabolic partial differential equations of known form but containing unknown parameters. The parameters may enter in the equations themselves or the boundary conditions. A steep descent algorithm is derived based on minimizing the difference between the experimentally observed output and that predicted by the model. The question of observability of distributed systems is considered. The determination of the reaction velocity constant for a first-order decomposition in an isothermal, laminar-flow tubular reactor is treated in detail.
Methods for identifying cardiovascular agents: a review.

Abstract Basic and clinical investigation into many of the diverse aspects of cardiovascular drug discovery employs varied approaches aimed at determining physiologic and pathophysiologic efficacy of candidate agents for therapeutic utility with the ultimate hope of identifying those agents capable of exerting salutary influence upon cardiac and vascular tissues. Promising compounds may then be used for prophylactic cardiovascular protection and for the treatment of various disorders including hypertension, cardiomyopathy, occlusive vascular disease, and heart failure. The invention disclosed in Methods for identifying cardiovascular agents [1] provides screening methods which can be used to identify certain suspected cardiovascular agents that inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation and/or proliferation, functional adaptations inherent in the responses to disease or injury, or those that enhance vascular endothelial cell (VEC) activation and/or proliferation, processes thought to provide protection to jeopardized blood vessels. Additionally, these screening assays include agents that activate estrogen responsive genes in vascular cells, considering that estrogen signaling is generally suggested to serve pivotal functions in preventing many of the pathologic mechanisms contributing to occlusive vascular complications. The findings of this primary patent are directly relevant for discoveries in related inventions that disclose various provisions for cardiovascular drug discovery. This review will provide detailed synopses of these function-based screening methods capable of identifying cardiovascular protective agents for use in basic science research and clinical drug discovery.
Effects of tidal oscillations in the neutral atmosphere on electron densities in the E-region

Abstract Asymmetries of the electron density about local noon in the E -region are examined. A model study has been conducted in which the effects of the large changes in neutral density and temperatures on calculated electron densities have been compared with incoherent scatter measurements in the height range 95–120 km at St. Santin, France. It is shown that the large differences in the electron density at fixed altitudes between morning and afternoon are produced by the tidal temperature and density changes in the neutral atmosphere. The significance of these results to the development of ionospheric and thermospheric models and to the analysis of electron densities on a global basis to study tidal modes is discussed.
The propagation kernel for strong coupling gravity

Abstract The strong coupling limit of Einstein gravity in d + 1 dimensions gives rise to a quantum theory where after factorization of the conformal factor mode SL ( d , R ) / SO ( d ) nonlinear sigma-models are spatially coupled by the diffeomorphism constraint. A functional integral representation for the theoryʼs propagation kernel is derived in completions of the proper time gauge which manifestly invokes only physical gauge invariant degrees of freedom. In the weak field limit it reduces to the propagation kernel of massless and transversal-traceless free fields. For strong fields a covariant normal coordinate expansion is developed which covers the configuration manifold globally. Its leading order approximant resembles a semiclassical propagation kernel but without the need to solve the classical constraints. The results have implications for the ground state structure of quantum gravity.
Nonanalytic Frenkel-Kontorova model.

We have studied the critical behavior of a generalized Frenkel-Kontorova model in which the external potential is nonanalytic and has a variable degree of inflection z. For z>3 a sequence of pinning and depinning transitions has been observed. The critical exponents of the gap in the phonon spectrum, the coherence length, and the Peierls-Nabarro barrier of the ground state are found to vary with z when 2≤z<3, but are independent of z when z≥3. It suggests that the degree of inflection plays a role quite similar to that of dimensionality, with z=2 and 3 corresponding, respectively, to the lower and upper critical dimensions
A new formulation of the problem of optimum reinforcement of Reissner-Mindlin plates

Abstract A new formulation of the problem of computing the layout of reinforcement of Reissner-Mindlin plates for minimum compliance is presented. Bending and transverse shear stiffness properties of plates with an arbitrary but finite number of local rib directions and widths are computed using standard homogenization techniques. These properties are then expressed in terms of only four variables that fully describe the anisotropy of the plate. The optimization problem is solved in two stages consisting of a local, four-dimensional maximization problem, where a given amount of material is optimally allocated into an arbitrary number of fine scale stiffeners of different widths and orientations, and a global one-dimensional optimization problem, where the optimum spatial layout of material is determined. A discussion of implementation issues is included and an example is solved to illustrate the approach.
Reflections on 20,000 Victorian Newspapers: ‘Distant Reading’ The Times using The Times Digital Archive

Victorianists and print culture historians go to newspaper databases such as 19th Century British Library Newspapers, The British Newspaper Archive, and The Times Digital Archive looking for inform...
Charles Stewart Parnell before congress

(1965). Charles Stewart Parnell before congress. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 419-425.
Microbial sugar transport systems and their importance in biotechnology

Abstract Microorganisms have evolved diverse mechanisms for the uptake of nutrients and the excretion of products. These transmembrane transport processes are subject to regulation by cellular metabolism, and often are themselves primary regulators of metabolism. Strategies for the development of microbiological processes of economic value must include considerations of these transport processes.
Desensitization of neurotensin receptor-mediated cyclic GMP formation in neuroblastoma clone N1E-115

Murine neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 possesses receptors that specifically bind the tridecapeptide neurotensin, mediate the formation of intracellular cyclic GMP, and stimulate inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. These cells also rapidly degrade neurotensin in a sequential fashion. We studied the effect of prolonged exposure of cells to neurotensin on subsequent neurotensin receptor-mediated intracellular cyclic GMP formation under conditions that prevented degradation of this peptide [J. A. Gilbert and E. Richelson, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 12, 762 (1986)]. Neurotensin receptor-mediated cyclic GMP formation in neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 was decreased following prolonged exposure of intact cells to nondegraded neurotensin. The time course of this desensitization was very rapid; the maximal effect on cyclic GMP production (reduction to 10–30% of control values) occurred within 5 min of exposure of intact cells to neurotensin. This desensitization was homologous, as cells desensitized by neurotensin demonstrated no decrease in their cyclic GMP response to angiotensin II (1 μM) or bradykinin (10 nM). Neurotensin preincubation with intact N1E-115 cells for increasing lengths of time caused time-dependent shifts to the right of the dose-response curve and reductions in the maximum cyclic GMP response. Desensitization was reversible, but resensitization was a slower process than desensitization: full recovery of cyclic GMP production required incubation of the desensitized cells for at least 10 min at 37°. From binding studies with [3H] neurotensin, we found that both the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant, KD, and the maximum number of receptor sites, Bmax, for this radioligand were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) for completely desensitized cells from those values for control cells. These data suggest that desensitization of the neurotensin receptor involved an uncoupling of the pathway of events connecting receptor activation to intracellular cyclic GMP formation; complete desensitization involved both the apparent loss of neurotensin receptors on the cellular surface and the increase in affinity of the remaining receptors for the agonist. This decrease in BMAX is more likely to be a result of intracellular sequestration of recyclable NT receptors than of true down-regulation due to the rapid resensitization seen for the NT-mediated biological response.
TOC for world class global supply chain management

Managing a global supply chain poses some unique challenges. The Theory of Constraints, a successful solution of the '80's for the factory, can focus Management into achieving supply chain goals. This paper explains how TOC-based operational policies are generated for the different links in a supply chain. We demonstrate how implementation of these policies orchestrates the performance of the supply chain to optimize delivery, responsiveness and cost.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Agonists Promote TRAIL-induced Apoptosis by Reducing Survivin Levels via Cyclin D3 Repression and Cell Cycle Arrest *

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising cancer therapy that preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, many neoplasms are resistant to TRAIL by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that human breast cancer cells, but not normal mammary epithelial cells, are dramatically sensitized to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and caspase activation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class. Although TZDs do not significantly alter the expression of components of the TRAIL signaling pathway, they profoundly reduce protein levels of cyclin D3, but not other D-type cyclins, by decreasing cyclin D3 mRNA levels and by inducing its proteasomal degradation. Importantly, both TRAIL sensitization and reduction in cyclin D3 protein levels induced by TZDs are likely PPARgamma-independent because a dominant negative mutant of PPARgamma did not antagonize these effects of TZDs, nor were they affected by the expression levels of PPARgamma. TZDs also inhibit G(1) to S cell cycle progression. Furthermore, silencing cyclin D3 by RNA interference inhibits S phase entry and sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL, indicating a key role for cyclin D3 repression in these events. G(1) cell cycle arrest sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL at least in part by reducing levels of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin: ectopic expression of survivin partially suppresses apoptosis induced by TRAIL and TZDs. We also demonstrate for the first time that TZDs promote TRAIL-induced apoptosis of breast cancer in vivo, suggesting that this combination may be an effective therapy for cancer.
Measured and predicted soot profiles in a gas turbine combustor

Abstract Radiation intensity and emissivity measurements were made for a DF-2 flame in a model gas turbine combustor. This same flame was also mapped for temperature and soot mass concentration. Finally, a movable, cold traversing background was used to determine the contribution to total radiation intensity from the individual sections of the flame. A computer program which integrated the radiative transfer equation with respect to path length and frequency was then used to predict a soot profile, based on temperature, radiation intensity, emissivity, and cold traversing background results. Though the predicted soot concentrations were considerably higher than the measured levels, the agreement between the predicted and measured shapes of the soot profile was good. The discrepancy between predicted and measured soot mass concentrations was attributed to soot particle deposition in the probe.
T-cell memory: new perspectives

Immunological memory provides excellent protection against a wide variety of different pathogens. Compared to the primary encounter with antigen, the secondary response is more rapid and effective. So much so, that reexposure often goes unnoticed by the host. The specific nature of memory implies that it is especially dependent on T and B cells, the cells of the immune system which recognize antigen; it follows that the changes which occur in these cells during priming must account in large part for the memory response. Here, we will summarize what is and what is not known about memory in the CD4 T-cell population.
Vanadium and other metals in ascidians.

It is now more than half a century since Henze (1911) first demonstrated the presence of the metal vanadium in the blood of ascidians. He showed that the vanadium was organically bound (although to what, he did not know); that the greater part of it was to be found in blood cells rather than free in the plasma; and he investigated possible functions for this material.
Correlating interface chemistry and device behavior

The prospect of introducing alternative materials as a carrier transport channel in a variety of field effect devices has resulted in a resurgence of interface research. A key aspect includes the nature of the defects that influence the electrical behavior in the MOS gate stack, and their location. This invited talk will overview selected examples from our recent studies of III-V and 2D interfaces with high-k dielectrics and contacts using in-situ deposition and analysis methods. [1-73].
Metabolic Abnormalities and New‐Onset Seizures in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Seropositive Patients

Seizures are a recognized complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-type-1 infection. CNS disease processes in these patients include encephalitis, focal brain lesions, and meningitis. Metabolic causes of seizures have received little attention. In a retrospective study, we selected 68 HIV-seropositive patients with new-onset seizures and information available for specified metabolic factors on the day of the first seizure. We sought an association of metabolic abnormalities with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE), which was the initial seizure in 12 patients, predominantly intravenous (i.v.) drug users. HIV-seropositive patients with new-onset seizures and hypomagnesemia or renal failure appeared to be at increased risk for CSE. All HIV-seropositive patients with new-onset seizures should undergo metabolic screening including renal function and serum magnesium levels.
Production by semicarbazide of gross skeletal changes in rats similar to osteolathyrism.

SummarySemicarbazide HCl, when fed to weanling male rats, produced gross skeletal lesions similar to those of osteolathyrism. Aortic damage seemed to develop more slowly and to be less severe than in rats treated with BAPN or aminoacetonitrile and having skeletal lesions of comparable severity.
Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus MntC Expression and Its Role in Response to Oxidative Stress

Staphylococcus aureus is a successful human pathogen that has developed several approaches to evade the immune system, including resistance strategies to prevent oxidative killing by immune cells. One mechanism by which this evasion occurs is by production of superoxide dismutase enzymes, which require manganese as a cofactor. Manganese is acquired by the manganese transporter MntABC. One component of this operon, MntC, has been proposed as a potential vaccine candidate due to its early in vivo expression and its ability to provide protection in preclinical models of staphylococcal infection. In the current study, we interrogate the role of this protein in protecting S. aureus from oxidative stress. We demonstrate that mutation of mntC in a number of invasive S. aureus clinical isolates results in increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. In addition, we show that while downregulation of mntC transcription is triggered upon exposure to physiological concentrations of manganese, MntC protein is still present on the bacterial surface at these same concentrations. Taken together, these results provide insight into the role of this antigen for the pathogen.
Real-time human action recognition based on depth motion maps

This paper presents a human action recognition method by using depth motion maps (DMMs). Each depth frame in a depth video sequence is projected onto three orthogonal Cartesian planes. Under each projection view, the absolute difference between two consecutive projected maps is accumulated through an entire depth video sequence forming a DMM. An l2-regularized collaborative representation classifier with a distance-weighted Tikhonov matrix is then employed for action recognition. The developed method is shown to be computationally efficient allowing it to run in real-time. The recognition results applied to the Microsoft Research Action3D dataset indicate superior performance of our method over the existing methods.
Amiloride and GMQ Allosteric Modulation of the GABA-A ρ1 Receptor: Influences of the Intersubunit Site

Amiloride, a diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, and 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (GMQ) are guanidine compounds that modulate acid-sensing ion channels. Both compounds have demonstrated affinity for a variety of membrane proteins, including members of the Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels, such as the heteromeric GABA-A αβγ receptors. The actions of these guanidine compounds on the homomeric GABA-A ρ1 receptor remains unclear, especially in light of how many GABA-A αβγ receptor modulators have different effects in the GABA-A ρ1 receptors. We sought to characterize the influence of amiloride and GMQ on the human GABA-A ρ1 receptors using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. The diuretic amiloride potentiated the human GABA-A ρ1 GABA-mediated current, whereas GMQ antagonized the receptor. Furthermore, a GABA-A second transmembrane domain site, the intersubunit site, responsible for allosteric modulation in the heteromeric GABA-A receptors mediated amiloride’s positive allosteric actions. In contrast, the mutation did not remove GMQ antagonism but only changed the guanidine compound’s potency within the human GABA-A ρ1 receptor. Through modeling and introduction of point mutations, we propose that the GABA-A ρ1 intersubunit site plays a role in mediating the allosteric effects of amiloride and GMQ.
Rising Regional Powers and International Relations Theories: Comparing Brazil and India's Foreign Security Policies and Their Search for Great-Power Status†

This article explores Brazil and India's alternative paths in their search for great-power status. It examines the competing expectations of alternative IR theories regarding the conditions for great-power status in the post-Cold War era and their limited explanatory and predictive power. Although constructivism offers a more sophisticated approach, one also needs insights from realism/neorealism, neoliberal institutionalism, and globalization theory to understand the possibilities and limitations of the Brazilian and Indian strategies to be admitted to the great-power club. The article compares Brazil and India's foreign policies and nuclear diplomacy and challenges the idea that India's status as a nuclear weapon state enhances its prospects for joining the great-power club. Brazil does not possess nuclear weapons, but it has successfully created a consensual hegemonic regime in South America, which allows it to use a regionalist project (Mercosur, UNASUR) as a launching pad to gain admission to the great-power club. In contrast, despite possessing nuclear weapons, India has been unable to establish a consensual hegemonic regime in South Asia, and its “Pakistan problem” holds back her prospects for joining the great-power club. The article argues that a US blessing may not help India to gain entrance to the “board of the world” if other board members, such as China, resist India's admission. The conclusion examines the implications for IR theory of Brazil and India's alternative pathways to great-power status, and the impact of progress—or lack of progress—in global nuclear disarmament negotiations on both countries' possible admission to the great-power club.
Force Generation by Actin Polymerization II: The Elastic Ratchet and Tethered Filaments

The motion of many intracellular pathogens is driven by the polymerization of actin filaments. The propulsive force developed by the polymerization process is thought to arise from the thermal motions of the polymerizing filament tips. Recent experiments suggest that the nucleation of actin filaments involves a phase when the filaments are attached to the pathogen surface by a protein complex. Here we extend the ''elastic ratchet model'' of Mogilner and Oster to incorporate these new findings. We apply this ''tethered ratchet'' model to derive the force-velocity relation for Listeria and discuss relations of our theoretical predictions to experimental measurements. We also discuss ''symmetry breaking'' dynamics observed in ActA- coated bead experiments, and the implications of the model for lamellipodial protrusion in migrating cells.
Automatic amperometric titrations using a mercury cathode

Abstract An apparatus for performing automatic amperometric titrations is described which uses a stationary mercury electrode as well as the twin platinum electrode system. The titration of sulphate with lead nitrate is given in detail. Quantities as low as 0.001 mmole of sulphate can be determined. Titrations of lead with sulphate, nickel with dimethylglyoxime, lead with dichromate and iodine with thiosulphate are discussed. Results are presented to show the precision and accuracy for inorganic sulphates and organic sulphur compounds.
Integrating communication skills in data structures and algorithms courses

While the improvement of computer science students' communication skills has frequently been called for in the literature, employers continue to feel that recent graduates are not equipped with the writing, speaking, and teaming skills essential in the 21st century workplace. One problem with previous approaches is that they often teach communication skills in dedicated courses rather than integrating them into technical classes across the curriculum. In this paper, we report on a multi-institutional faculty team's efforts to integrate communication skills into mid-level data structures and algorithms courses as part of a larger NSF-funded project to enact integrated reform throughout computer science/software engineering curricula. We present an outline of assignments designed to develop communication skills (writing, speaking, reading, listening, and teaming) intertwined with technical skills, and discuss our preliminary efforts to assess these efforts. Our work reflects a general approach to incorporate communication activities within the computer science curricula and to help students learn and communicate technical content in academic and professional settings.
Intelligent tools for managing factual arguments

By exploring some practical questions in the context of a supremely impractical debate, this article seeks to highlight the challenges and opportunities faced by those trying to promote better use of intelligent tools in the legal workplace. It lays out design features for an imagined online argument manager, describes knowledge engineering challenges such a system presents, and links these to recent research and scholarship. In addition to reviewing theoretical characteristics of factual argumentation, this article considers what kinds of tools are or could be available for everyday use by nonspecialists.
Equivalency of the DINA Model and a Constrained General Diagnostic Model

This report shows that the deterministic-input noisy-AND (DINA) model is a special case of more general compensatory diagnostic models by means of a reparameterization of the skill space and the design (Q-) matrix of item by skills associations. This reparameterization produces a compensatory model that is equivalent to the (conjunctive) DINA model, and is valid for all types of complex structure Q-matrices, not only for trivial cases. This equivalency uses the GDM as the basis, is not based on recent developments of diagnosis models such as G-DINA or LCDM. Model equivalency is a topic of some relevance as soon as researchers want to draw conclusions derived from any particular model-based estimates. It can be shown that for multidimensional models, there are often multiple ways to specify different sets of latent variables and their relationships to observed variables. This report goes beyond showing that multiple versions of a design matrix lead to the same model-based conditional probability space; it shows that a conjunctive diagnostic classification model can be expressed as a constrained special case of a compensatory diagnostic modeling framework.
Sediment record of short‐lived ice‐contact lakes, Burroughs Glacier, Alaska

Sediments deposited in two small ice-contact lakes with low rates of sediment input have been studied in subaerial exposures. Sediment characteristics are a function of the water source (glacial meltwater versus non-meltwater), proximity to the glacier margin and lake shore, amount of supraglacial debris, and lake duration. Calving Lake expanded (and later partially drained) as a calving ice margin retreated. Nearshore deltas contain 1 × 105 m3 stratified sand and gravel deposited at rates up to 1 m/yr during a 9-yr interval. Deltaic sediment contains types A and B ripple-drift cross-lamination, draped lamination, and scour surfaces caused by variations in water-flow velocity and the amount of sediment settling from suspension. Most water inflow came from non-subglacial meltwater sources and was sediment-poor, so overflow and interflow sedimentation processes dominated the offshore environment. Offshore sediment generally contains massive silt or silt interbedded with fine-grained sand deposited at rates of 1.3-1.5 cm/yr. Iceberg gravity craters observed on the lake plain were formed when icebergs impacted the lake floor during calving events. In Bruce Hills Lake, proximity to glacier ice and the presence of supraglacial sediment formed coarsening-upward successions when debris fell directly from an ice ledge onto silty lacustrine sediment.
Making the Grade and Staying Engaged The Influence of Student Management Teams on Student Classroom Outcomes

The use of student management teams (SMTs) is a relatively new teaching technique designed to increase the quality of college courses and student performance and engagement within those courses. However, to date, little systematic, empirical research has validated the effectiveness of using SMTs. To test the effectiveness of this technique, the current research utilized a pretest–posttest paradigm consisting of four total courses (two introduction to psychology courses taught by one professor and two educational psychology courses taught by another professor). In one of each of these course types, the professor implemented an SMT (the other course of that type served as a control comparison). Results revealed that members of the SMTs performed better in their courses, increased their course engagement, and this increase in course engagement mediated the link between SMT membership and course performance. Implications for the further study and use of SMTs are discussed.
A novel domain within the DEAD-box protein DP103 is essential for transcriptional repression and helicase activity

Members of the DEAD-box family of helicases, distinguished by a core characteristic sequence of Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp, are expressed in a wide range of prokaryotes and eukaryotes and exhibit diverse cellular functions, including DNA transcription, recombination and repair, RNA processing, translation, and posttranslational regulation. Although ubiquitous, the function of most DEAD-box proteins is unknown. We and others have recently cloned DP103, which harbors conserved DEAD-box, helicase, and ATPase domains in its N terminus. DP103 (also termed Gemin3 and DDX20) interacts with SF-1, SMN, EBNA2, and EBNA3C in mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate that a discrete domain within the nonconserved C-terminal region of DP103 directly interacts with SF-1. This domain exhibits an autonomous repression function and is necessary and sufficient for repressing the transcriptional activity of SF-1. Furthermore, intact DP103 exhibits helicase activity. Importantly, the C-terminal domain is obligatory but not sufficient for this unwinding activity of DP103. Together, our results support a novel paradigm for transcriptional repression and demonstrate the bifunctional role of the C-terminal domain of DP103.
Gender Effects in Alcohol Dependence: An fMRI Pilot Study Examining Affective Processing

Author(s): Padula, Claudia B; Anthenelli, Robert M; Eliassen, James C; Nelson, Erik; Lisdahl, Krista M | Abstract: BackgroundAlcohol dependence (AD) has global effects on brain structure and function, including frontolimbic regions regulating affective processing. Preliminary evidence suggests alcohol blunts limbic response to negative affective stimuli and increases activation to positive affective stimuli. Subtle gender differences are also evident during affective processing.MethodsFourteen abstinent AD individuals (8 F, 6 M) and 14 healthy controls (9 F, 5 M), ages 23 to 60, were included in this facial affective processing functional magnetic resonance imaging pilot study. Whole-brain linear regression analyses were performed, and follow-up analyses examined whether AD status significantly predicted depressive symptoms and/or coping.ResultsFearful Condition-The AD group demonstrated reduced activation in the right medial frontal gyrus, compared with controls. Gender moderated the effects of AD in bilateral inferior frontal gyri. Happy Condition-AD individuals had increased activation in the right thalamus. Gender moderated the effects of AD in the left caudate, right middle frontal gyrus, left paracentral lobule, and right lingual gyrus. Interactive AD and gender effects for fearful and happy faces were such that AD men activated more than control men, but AD women activated less than control women. Enhanced coping was associated with greater activation in right medial frontal gyrus during fearful condition in AD individuals.ConclusionsAbnormal affective processing in AD may be a marker of alcoholism risk or a consequence of chronic alcoholism. Subtle gender differences were observed, and gender moderated the effects of AD on neural substrates of affective processing. AD individuals with enhanced coping had brain activation patterns more similar to controls. Results help elucidate the effects of alcohol, gender, and their interaction on affective processing.
Cold pressor test in the rat: medullary and spinal pathways and neurotransmitters.

This study was designed to delineate the medullary and spinal pathways mediating the cardiovascular responses to cold pressor test (CPT) and to identify neurotransmitters in these pathways. Experim...
Intestinal Absorption of Glucose and Amino Acids in Chickens Administered Monensin

Abstract Effects of the ionophoric anticoccidial agent monensin on glucose and amino acid absorption were investigated in young broiler chicks. Chicks housed in cages with wire floors were fed a practical diet containing 0 or 121 ppm monensin for 2 to 3 weeks prior to measurement of nutrient absorption. Chicks were anesthetized with halothane, and the intestine was accessed through an incision in the abdominal wall. A 10-cm segment of the intestine immediately anterior to Meckel’s diverticulum was rinsed free of digesta and used for measurement of absorption in situ. One milliliter of saline solution containing 2 mM of glucose or a mixture of amino acids was injected into the lumen of the ligated segment, and recovery of glucose and amino acids in the lumen was determined after 4- and 5-min intervals, respectively. In one glucose study, the solution contained 0, 1, 10, or 80 μg/ml of monensin. In one amino acid study, the solution contained 0, 5, or 80 μg/ml of monensin; in subsequent studies, monensin was not included in the solution. Results show that neither dietary monensin nor monensin in the saline solution affected glucose absorption. Dietary monensin tended to depress lysine absorption but increased the absorption of tryptophan and arginine, the latter amino acid being markedly affected by monensin. Dietary monensin alone had no effect on absorption of cystine, isoleucine, methionine, or threonine. Inclusion of monensin in the saline solution depressed methionine absorption but only when birds also had been fed the diet containing monensin. Monensin in the saline solution depressed isoleucine absorption irrespective of dietary treatment. We conclude that monensin may cause subtle changes in amino acid transport in the gut or other tissues and suggest that this may be a factor in the depression of food intake and growth rate that occurs in uninfected chicks receiving dietary monensin.
Adult Crime, Adult Time Punishing Violent Youth in the Adult Criminal Justice System

Contemporary concerns about youth violence and related legislative reforms have resulted in greater numbers of adolescent offenders being handled in the adult criminal justice system. Although some past research suggests that juveniles transferred to adult court often receive somewhat lenient treatment, more recent studies focusing on violent youthful offenders have found the adult system to be more punitive in nature. This study examined this issue for 557 violent youth from Pennsylvania, of which 138 were judicially waived to adult court. Statistical analyses revealed that in terms of punishment certainty, severity, and swiftness, juveniles transferred to adult court were treated more harshly than were those retained in juvenile court, whereas juvenile court processing occurred much more quickly. Corresponding policy implications are discussed.
La espectacularización de lo real en Realidad de Sergio Bizzio

El debilitamiento de organismos estatales y civiles en el marco de la posdictadura argentina ha acelerado el posicionamiento de los medios de comunicacion como centros operativos reconfiguradores del espacio publico y sus actores. El incipiente rol como mediador politico adoptado por los aparatos massmediaticos, y en especial por la television, se ha traducido en una vasta reconfiguracion de los imaginarios socioculturales y politicos como consecuencia de la virtualizacion y espectacularizacion que de lo real llevan a cabo dichos aparatos. Se examinaran transformaciones y apropiaciones cognitivas que el concepto de realidad ha sufrido a partir de procesos espectaculares, tal y como se plantea en la novela Realidad (2009) del argentino Sergio Bizzio. El articulo propone que, a traves del empleo de una serie de conceptos y recursos discursivos con caracter metaficcional, la obra consigue no solo denunciar la apropiacion de mecanismos generadores de sentido y conformadores de ‘realidad’ por aparatos massmedi...
Classification and description of bosonic symmetry protected topological phases with semiclassical nonlinear sigma models

In this paper we systematically classify and describe bosonic symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases in all physical spatial dimensions using semiclassical nonlinear Sigma model (NLSM) field theories. All the SPT phases on a $d-$dimensional lattice discussed in this paper can be described by the same NLSM, which is an O(d+2) NLSM in $(d+1)-$dimensional space-time, with a topological $\Theta-$term. The field in the NLSM is a semiclassical Landau order parameter with a unit length constraint. The classification of SPT phases discussed in this paper based on their NLSMs is consistent with the more mathematical classification based on group cohomology. Besides the classification, the formalism used in this paper also allows us to explicitly discuss the physics at the boundary of the SPT phases, and it reveals the relation between SPT phases with different symmetries. For example, it gives many of these SPT states a natural "decorated defect" construction.
Characterization of a novel trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma brucei procyclic trypomastigotes and identification of procyclin as the main sialic acid acceptor

Here we report the presence of a trans-sialidase on the surface of Trypanosoma brucei culture-derived procyclic trypomastigotes. The enzyme is not detected in lysates of bloodstream trypomastigotes enriched for either stumpy or slender forms. The trans-sialidase catalyzes the transfer of alpha(2-3)-linked sialic acid residues to lactose. beta-galactopyranosyl residues are at least 100 times better acceptors for sialic acid than alpha-galactopyranosyl residues. In the absence of efficient acceptors, the purified enzyme transfers sialic acid to water, i.e., it acts as a sialidase. Although the T. cruzi and T. brucei trans-sialidases have very similar donor and acceptor specificities, they are antigenically distinct. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacramide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions and silver staining of the purified trans-sialidase reveals a single band of 63 kD. When the surface membrane of live procyclic trypomastigotes is trans-sialylated, using radioactive sialyllactose as the donor substrate, it appears that the only sialylated surface molecule is procyclin. Pronase treatment of live parasites removes only part of the surface sialic acid, in agreement with recent data showing that the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of procyclin is sialylated (Ferguson, M. A. J., M. Murray, H. Rutherford, and M. J. McConville. 1993. Biochem. J. In press).
The Use of Importance-Performance Analysis as an Evaluative Technique in Adult Education

Adult education is an area in which teaching evaluations are often required to assess instructional effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to present and illustrate a model for evaluation that will provide accurate information concerning the effectiveness of particular instructors and settings in adult education. Importance-Performance, the model used, identifies the relative importance of factors influencing student preferences (importance component) and also indicates the degree to which a particular educational setting possesses these factors (performance component).
3D Electromagnetic imaging using compressive sensing

We develop the application of compressive sensing (CS) for solving general inverse electromagnetic problems such as three-dimensional (3D) microwave imaging. The goal is to estimate locations of unknown, but sparse targets, hidden inside dielectric bodies. The potential of CS for localizing sparse targets in vacuum or buried in ground was shown in previous work. We extend the proposed schemes by considering arbitrary embedding medium and exploiting dual-polarized measurements. We compare the performance of CS and beamforming in the breast-cancer estimation problem.
The Isabelle Control System

Design principles for the Brookhaven ISABELLE control intersecting storage ring accelerator are described. Principal features include a locally networked console and control computer complex, a system wide process data highway, and intelligent local device controllers. Progress to date is summarized.