cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating severity of chronic heart failure: a clinical challenge for the 1990s.

Plan in advance for dosing schedule changes resulting from different time zones. (4) Ask for special assistance. For patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, with or without important coronary disease, notify airline carrier in advance of travel. Preboard the aircraft with wheel chair assistance and deplane last, again with special assistance. Summary. There is an implied relationship between air travel and serious cardiac events, including myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest. To characterize the types of events and short-term cardiac outcomes associated with air travel, we prospectively enrolled 50 consecutive air travelers who were transferred to the Massachusetts General Hospital Emergency Unit with a diagnosis of chest pain, syncope, shortness of breat,h, or cardiac arrest. Fifty-six percent were arriving passengers at Boston Logan International Airport, 12 “; were airport employees, 34“; had a previous history of angina, and for 48”; the presenting illness developed in the air. Cardiac arrest occurred in nine of the patients. While 66”; of the patients who were admitted to the hospital were then discharged, 12”, either died in the Emergency Unit or were admitted to the hospital and then died. Predictors of serious cardiac events include age (mean 67.8 years, p = 0.03) and previous history of myocarJuly 1992 American Heart Journal
The biosynthesis of ovalicin from β-trans-bergamotene

Abstract Feeding of [12, 13-13C]-β-trans-bergamotene to cultures of Pseudeurotium ovalis resulted in labeling of C-12 and C-13 of the antibiotic ovalicin, as established by 13 C NMR.
Optimization of the photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide

Abstract The preparation of titanium dioxide for use as a photocatalyst in the decomposition of water, acetic acid and propan-2-ol is described. Samples having the highest reactivity were obtained by heating X-ray amorphous titanium dioxide (prepared by precipitation from titanium tetraisopropoxide) at 350 °C for between 1 and 4 h. The catalysts were shown by X-ray and UV-visible absorption measurements to contain anatase. The anatase crystallites were very small (about 80 A). Platinization of the catalysts increased their reactivity in every case.
Selecting the best candidates for lung cancer screening.

The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) recently decided to reimburse for annual lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) among personswhomeet the inclusioncriteria for theNationalLungCancer Screening Trial (NLST).1 Those who have smoked for more than30pack-years, continue to smoke,orquitwithin the past 15 years and are 55 to 77 years old will be eligible for free annual LDCT screening—roughly 6% of the US population older than 40 years.2 For the initial LDCT screening, a “lung cancer screening counseling and shared decision-making visit” will be required. Counseling visits will be reimbursed annually thereafter but will not be required.What considerations should be included in shared decision making? The Teachable Moment published in this issue by Schneider andArenberg3 reminds us that lung cancer screening—likemostmedicaldecision-making—isagamble; that there are good bets and bad bets—and that the odds are stacked against some people who will be eligible for LDCT screening. Thinking hard about how to optimally select people to screen is critically important as we move forward with populationbased lung cancer screening programs.
Torus mandibularis in an Alaskan Eskimo population

One of the lowest reported incidences of torus mandibularis (10.7%) in an Eskimo population was observed in the Wainwright, Alaska group studied during 1968. In this population the tori generally did not appear until after the age of 40 years in contrast to other Mongoloid populations previously reported. There was no size difference between males and females, but the males exhibited a much higher incidence of this exostosis. The tori did not significantly increase in size with increasing age after their appearance late in life.
Prevalance of low bone mass in a community population of patients with known celiac disease and the relationship of nonpharmacological measures (gluten free diet) with bone densiy in this population

Prevalance of low bone mass in a community population of patients with known celiac disease and the relationship of nonpharmacological measures (gluten free diet) with bone densiy in this population
Dendritic Cells of the Chicken Spleen Are Capable In Vivo of Gaint Cell Formation

Abstract In this report, we offer evidence that carrageenan, a polyclonal B-cell mitogen, and Salmonella O antigen, when administered together, can induce in vivo multinucleated giant cells from dendritic cells in the chicken spleen.
The Avian Shoulder: An Experimental Approach

Etude fonctionnelle de l'epaule chez les vertebres, organisation musculaire, du squelette et composition neuromusculaire. Evolution du vol chez les oiseaux
A comparison of parent and teacher reports of selected adaptive behaviors of children

Abstract Assessment of children's adaptive behavior has been recommended for full multidimensional and nondiscriminatory evaluations. Additionally, previous research has reported discrepancies between teacher and parent reports on adaptive behavior. The purpose of this study was to compare mother and teacher reports on two scales from the Adaptive Behavior Inventory for Children of the System of Multicultural and Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA). Black students from second through fourth grades (N = 24; 4 males and 4 females per grade) in an urban, parochial school were selected. The interviewers were two trained female graduate students (one white, one black). Each child's mother and teacher were interviewed in accordance with SOMPA assessment procedures. The results indicated that there was little agreement (.38 to .64) between mother and teacher reports. Additionally, mothers tended to provide higher ratings of adaptive behaviors than did teachers, irrespective of grade level. Implications of these findings for the assessment of children's adaptive behaviors are discussed.
Neural transplants are grey matters

The lesion and transplantation data cited by Sinden et al., when considered in tandem, seem to harbor an internal inconsistency, raising questions of false localization of function. The extrapolation of such data to cognitive impairment and potential treatment strategies in Alzheimer's disease is problematic. Patients with focal basal forebrain lesions (e.g., anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture) might be a more appropriate target population.
Predicting the effect of cognitive therapy for depression: A study of unique and common factors.

The ability of several process variables to predict therapy outcome was tested with 30 depressed clients who received cognitive therapy with or without medication. Two types of process variables were studied: 1 variable that is unique to cognitive therapy and 2 variables that this approach is assumed to share with other forms of treatment. The client's improvement was found to be predicted by the 2 common factors measured: the therapeutic alliance and the client's emotional involvement (experiencing). The results also indicated, however, that a unique aspect of cognitive therapy (i.e., therapist's focus on the impact of distorted cognitions on depressive symptoms) correlated negatively with outcome at the end of treatment. Descriptive analyses that were conducted to understand this negative correlation suggest that therapists sometimes increased their adherence to cognitive rationales and techniques to correct problems in the therapeutic alliance. Such increased focus, however, seems to worsen alliance strains, thereby interfering with therapeutic change.
The Transpolarizer: An Electrostatically Controlled Circuit Impedance with Stored Setting

This new device operates by the controlled transfer of polarization through two or more ferroelectric dielectric sections in series and therefore is named "transpolarizer." It represents a new basic means for storing and gating electrical signals and, in general, means to control circuit impedance in any predetermined manner according to a stored setting. The operation of a two section transpolarizer is described. The unique storage, switching, and control properties of the transpolarizer open a large field of new applications and permit production of new devices and systems such as: recording and reproducing of intelligence in general and, more particularly, switching with a permanent setting, small and large scale storage devices with nondestructive readout, decoders, function generators, etc.
Profound gastroparesis after bilateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarcts.

The afferent and efferent connections between medullary uclei, the esophagus, and the stomach that are essential in reglation of gastric relaxation and motility are well-described [1]. owever, reports of specific damage to these circuits resulting from cute injury to the central nervous system are rare. We describe a atient who developed severe gastroparesis after sustaining bilatral posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) territory infarction.
Visual Analytic Methods for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk Assessment

The identification and case management of those at risk high for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) involves the synthesis of data from self reported patient family history, quantitative risk model analysis, and current clinical standards of care. This paper describes an integrated interactive visualization and analysis approach for the presentation of these data that is suitable for large scale risk stratification. We describe this display of HBOC risk information integrated with a clinical decision support that is also potentially useful across other cancer syndromes.
The C-terminal variable domain of LigB from Leptospira mediates binding to fibronectin

Adhesion through microbial surface components that recognize adhesive matrix molecules is an essential step in infection for most pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we report that LigB interacts with fibronectin (Fn) through its variable region. A possible role for LigB in bacterial attachment to host cells during the course of infection is supported by the following observations: (i) binding of the variable region of LigB to Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in a dose-dependent manner reduces the adhesion of Leptospira, (ii) inhibition of leptospiral attachment to Fn by the variable region of LigB, and (iii) decrease in binding of the variable region of LigB to the MDCK cells in the presence of Fn. Furthermore, we found a significant reduction in binding of the variable region of LigB to Fn using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Finally, the isothermal titration calorimetric results confirmed the interaction between the variable region of LigB and Fn. This is the first report to demonstrate that LigB binds to MDCK cells. In addition, the reduction of Fn expression in the MDCK cells, by siRNA, reduced the binding of LigB. Taken together, the data from the present study showed that LigB is a Fn-binding protein of pathogenic Leptospira spp. and may play a pivotal role in Leptospira-host interaction during the initial stage of infection.
Apoptosis and heart failure: A critical review of the literature.

This MiniReview is part of a thematic series on Apoptosis in the Cardiovascular System , which includes the following articles: Apoptosis and Heart Failure: A Critical Review of the Literature Vascular Cell Apoptosis in Remodeling, Restenosis, and Plaque Rupture Apoptosis During Cardiovascular Development Myocyte Apoptosis in Ischemic Heart Disease Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Angiogenesis and Vessel Regression Richard Kitsis, Editor When the concept of apoptosis was introduced in the 1970s,1 it attracted only limited attention. However, less than two decades ago, Horvitz and colleagues2 3 4 identified its essential genetic components in the roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans , and apoptosis emerged as a significant research front. The explosion of knowledge that took place is represented by the accumulation of >25 000 studies in the last 5 years alone. It is now clear that apoptosis is an important aspect of normal organ development and cellular regulation and that it plays a role in a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions. However, there is still much debate and controversy concerning the role of apoptosis in heart failure. To address the issues of its presence in, significance for, and overall contribution to heart failure, we will review the currently available literature and then discuss its implications for future research and treatment strategies in heart failure. The etiology of heart failure involves multiple agents and conditions,5 but the progressive loss of cardiac myocytes is one of the most important pathogenic components. During the past few years, there has been accumulating evidence in both human and animal models suggesting that apoptosis may be an important mode of cell death during heart failure (Table 1⇓). Therefore, the possibility of limiting cardiac myocyte loss by inhibiting apoptosis has potentially important implications in the treatment of heart failure. View this table: Table 1. Heart Failure Models Associated With Increased …
Deformation of lamellar structures: Simultaneous small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering studies of polyamide‐6

Structural changes during tensile deformation in semicrystalline polymers are studied by the analysis of both small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering data from polyamide-6 fibers. The strain in the lamellar spacing is about the same as or higher than the fiber strain, suggesting that fiber elongation occurs by the deformation of the lamellar stack rather than slippage of the fibrils, especially during initial stages of elongation. The modulus of the lamellar structure is approximately 5 GN/m2, and this is close to the fiber modulus, which is only 2–3% of the crystal modulus. Fiber modulus is, therefore, determined by the lamellar structure as much as by the interfibrillar oriented chain segments. The four-point small-angle X-ray scattering pattern in the relaxed fiber transforms reversibly into a two-point pattern under strain. The structures that correspond to these two patterns, the bistable states of the lamellae, coexist until fiber breakage. The structure that gives rise to the two-point pattern determines the ultimate strength of the fiber. Despite the small crystalline strain in the fiber direction, it is possible to follow the almost fully reversible changes in the orientation, size, and unit cell of the lamellar crystals. It is proposed that the appearance of the two-point pattern, the decrease in the lateral crystallite size, and the increase in the stack diameter are due to tilting of the lamellar surface caused by large-scale reversible strain in the interlamellar amorphous regions. This tilt is accomplished by slippage of the hydrogen-bonded sheets along the chain axis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 691–705, 2002
WAGE SURVEYS: DISPELLING SOME MYTHS ABOUT THE “MARKET WAGE”

The comparable worth controversy has generated much discussion about the appropriate valuation of job worth. To date, academic inquiries into the measurement of job worth have focused primarily on job evaluation; however, recent court decisions suggest that market wages are a more compelling indicator of job worth than are job evaluation results. This paper examines the construct of “market wage” and the process by which it is measured (wage surveys). It is argued that both the construct and the measurement of the market wage have not been sufficiently examined by either academics or the courts. Implications for pay administration and future research are noted.
A nucleus-coupled electron transfer mechanism for TiO2-catalyzed water splitting

Based on first-principles calculations, we reveal that in the photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the TiO2/water interface, the formation of an O–O bond always involves the anti-bonding σ2p* state elevated from the valence band into the conduction band of TiO2 regardless of a detailed reaction pathway. The role of photoholes is to deplete this anti-bonding state once it emerges into the band gap. The reaction barrier is thus determined by the onset where photoholes enter the reaction. This process represents a new reaction mechanism, termed nucleus-coupled electron transfer (NCET), where electron transfer is enabled by the movement of nuclei that promotes the reactive orbital to become the frontier orbital. The NCET mechanism for the OER is shown to exhibit an overall kinetic barrier surmountable at room temperature.
Prenatal exposure to antibiotics, cesarean section and risk of childhood obesity

Cesarean section (CS) and antibiotic use during pregnancy may alter normal maternal-offspring microbiota exchange, thereby contributing to aberrant microbial colonization of the infant gut and increased susceptibility to obesity later in life. We hypothesized that (i) maternal use of antibiotics in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and (ii) CS are independently associated with higher risk of childhood obesity in the offspring. Of the 727 mothers enrolled in the Northern Manhattan Mothers and Children Study, we analyzed the 436 mother–child dyads followed until 7 years of age with complete data. We ascertained prenatal antibiotic use by a questionnaire administered late in the third trimester, and delivery mode by medical record. We derived age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z-scores using the CDC SAS Macro, and defined obesity as BMI z⩾95th percentile. We used binary regression with robust variance and linear regression models adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, pre-gravid BMI, maternal receipt of public assistance, birth weight, sex, breastfeeding in the first year and gestational antibiotics or delivery mode. Compared with children not exposed to antibiotics during the second or third trimester, those exposed had 84% (33–154%) higher risk of obesity, after multivariable adjustment. Second or third trimester antibiotic exposure was also positively associated with BMI z-scores, waist circumference and % body fat (all P<0.05). Independent of prenatal antibiotic usage, CS was associated with 46% (8–98%) higher offspring risk of childhood obesity. Associations were similar for elective and non-elective CS. In our cohort, CS and exposure to antibiotics in the second or third trimester were associated with higher offspring risk of childhood obesity. Future studies that address the limitations of our study are warranted to determine if prenatal antibiotic use is associated with offspring obesity. Research is also needed to determine if alterations in neonatal gut microbiota underlie the observed associations.
Lifestyle and other risk factors for thyroid cancer in Los Angeles County females

PURPOSE AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer. Cases were 292 women, aged 15-54 when diagnosed between the years 1980 and 1983 (145 diagnosed in 1980-81 and 147 diagnosed in 1982-83). Female neighborhood controls (n = 292) were matched to each case on birth-year and race. RESULTS: Among women 10 years of use). Smoking and body mass were not associated with thyroid cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a role of family history of thyroid disease and certain dietary variables in the etiology of thyroid cancer in adult females.
Bite, chew, and swallow

Abstract The processes of biting, chewing, and swallowing are analyzed using queuing theory. The probability distributions and the parameters (mean and variance) of these processes are derived. Various rules and limitations on the number of bites in the animals’ mouth are analyzed. At any time, the number of bites in an animal’s mouth is more sensitive to the rate at which the animals bites, compared to the rate at which it swallows. The models are implemented to data from two moose, browsing in captivity. The probability distribution of the moose bite rate corresponds (equivocally) to Poisson. Even if animals do not follow the theoretical probability distributions (as presented) of biting and chewing, the models developed can be used to test null hypotheses about the process of food acquisition.
Lack of Evidence for Activation of the Hedgehog Pathway in Psoriasis

Recent reports have suggested that the hedgehog (Hh) pathway is activated in lesional psoriatic skin, and that treatment with the Hh pathway antagonist cyclopamine may lead to rapid resolution of the disease. To assess Hh pathway activity in psoriasis, we isolated RNA from lesional and uninvolved skin of 58 psoriatic patients, and from 63 normal control subjects, and subjected these samples to global gene expression profiling on Affymetrix HU133 Plus 2.0 gene arrays. We were especially interested in Hh target genes (PTCH1 and GLI1), whose expression is elevated in response to Hh signaling. The microarray data demonstrated downregulation of PTCH1 expression in uninvolved and lesional skin (1.1-fold and 2-fold, respectively; P<0.0001). Additionally GLI1 mRNA was downregulated in lesional skin (1.7 fold; P<0.05). No significant changes were observed between lesional and uninvolved skin for the Hh ligands or Smoothened. Quantitative PCR confirmed these findings. In situ hybridization for GLI1 and PTCH1 was positive in basal cell carcinoma tumor cells, but was negligible in uninvolved or lesional psoriatic skin. The absence of elevated Hh target gene expression in lesional psoriatic skin indicates that the Hh pathway is not activated in this disease, raising questions regarding the proposed use of Hh antagonists as antipsoriatic agents.
Wireless Monitoring and Low-Cost Accelerometers for Structures and Urban Sites

New technologies in wireless telemetry and low-cost micromachined silicon accelerometers enable lower cost and denser instrumentation of both structures and the urban environment. Applications include any site where robustness, capital or maintenance costs, spatial density, or ease of communication are controlling issues. This paper reviews these new implementing technologies and gives two practical examples.
Delafloxacin for the treatment of respiratory and skin infections

Introduction: There has been a striking increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in recent times. Delafloxacin is a novel, broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with antimicrobial activity against resistant Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic organisms. It has the potential to treat a variety of infections including complicated skin and skin structure infections and respiratory tract infections.Areas covered: In this review, the authors report the microbiological spectrum of activity of delafloxacin as well as its pharmacokinetic characteristics. They also report the results of recent studies investigating its safety and efficacy.Expert opinion: The profile of delafloxacin offers several advantages. Delafloxacin presents a broad spectrum of activity against pathogens involved in respiratory infections and complicated skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It has also shown activity against Gram-negative pathogens, such as quinol...
Origins and Consequences of Velocity Fluctuations during DNA Passage through a Nanopore

We describe experiments and modeling results that reveal and explain the distribution of times that identical double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules take to pass through a voltage-biased solid-state nanopore. We show that the observed spread in this distribution is caused by viscous-drag-induced velocity fluctuations that are correlated with the initial conformation of nanopore-captured molecules. This contribution exceeds that due to diffusional Brownian motion during the passage. Nevertheless, and somewhat counterintuitively, the diffusional Brownian motion determines the fundamental limitations of rapid DNA strand sequencing with a nanopore. We model both diffusional and conformational fluctuations in a Langevin description. It accounts well for passage time variations for DNA molecules of different lengths, and predicts conditions required for low-error-rate nanopore-strand DNA sequencing with nanopores.
Religious Faith Across the Life Span Implications for Counseling and Research

The thesis of this article is that psychologists can benefit in assessment and counseling of clients and in research by understanding the religious development of many of their religious clients throughout the life span. Theories of religious development are reviewed in the initial section of the article. Generally, the early life of the religious person is well described by using a variety of stage theories; however, at adolescence and beyond, prediction is enhanced by using life-event or transition theory perspectives. In the second section, research is reviewed on a variety of issues involving religion over the life span. In the final section, the implications of theory and research on religious involvement in therapy are investigated, and number of important questions for assessment, treatment, and research are identified
The Cisterna Magna Septa Vestigial Remnants of Blake’s Pouch and a Potential New Marker for Normal Development of the Rhombencephalon

Objective The purpose of this study was to show the normal sonographic embryologic anatomy of the cisterna magna septa, fourth ventricle, and cerebellar vallecula at various stages of development and our experience with their variable appearance in multiple planes and to discuss the probable relationship between the cisterna magna septa, Dandy-Walker continuum, mega cisterna magna, and persistent Blake's pouch. Methods Retrospective and prospective selection of examples of cisterna magna septa was performed over approximately a 12-month period. Standard and nonstandard imaging planes were adopted as necessary. Results The septa are typically seen inferoposterior to the cerebellar vermis, usually straight and parallel, arising at the cerebellovermian angle and coursing posteriorly to the occipital bone. The cisterna magna septa become contiguous with the roof of the fourth ventricle inferior to the cerebellar vermis. The cerebrospinal fluid space enclosed between the cisterna magna septa is in direct contiguity with the fourth ventricle via the vallecula and is always completely anechoic because it develops intra- and not extra-axially. Conclusions We propose that the cisterna magna septa represent the walls of Blake's pouch, a phylogenetic vestigial structure observed during ontogeny. Additionally, our observations support current opinion that a persistent Blake's pouch and mega cisterna magna represent (less severe) abnormalities within the Dandy-Walker continuum. The cisterna magna septa therefore are a marker of normal development of the roof of the rhombencephalon. Deviation from their normal appearances should prompt a closer assessment for associated abnormalities of the cerebellum, vermis, and brain stem by additional imaging in orthogonal planes with either sonography or magnetic resonance imaging.
Presupposition projection out of quantified sentences: strengthening, local accommodation and inter-speaker variation

Presupposition projection in quantified sentences is at the center of debates in the presupposition literature. This paper reports on a survey revealing inter-speaker variation regarding which quantifier yields universal inferences--which Q in Q(B)(λx.C(x)p(x)) supports the inference $\forall x\in B\colon p(x)$ . We observe an implication that if some yields a universal inference for a speaker, no, and any in a polar question do as well. We propose an account of this implication based on a trivalent theory of presupposition projection together with auxiliary assumptions suggested by [8].
An Empirical Analysis of Wholesale Cheese Pricing Practices on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Spot Cheese Market

The CME spot cheese market performs a number of key functions in the United States dairy industry. The CME spot cheese prices are used as reference prices in contract cheese market, and they also influence milk prices at the farm-first-handler level set within a public pricing system, the Federal and State Milk Marketing Orders. The CME spot cheese market performs a critical price-discovery function in the United States dairy industry. This research evaluates the nature of pricing practices used by CME cheese wholesalers during the period of 2000-2014. The analysis focuses on the farm-to-wholesale price transmission process, which reflects the nature of cost pass-through. The empirical evidence presented in the article indicates that pricing strategies of cheese sellers in the analyzed market are consistent with the ones predicted by the profitmaximization models of oligopolistic behavior. The overall empirical evidence may suggest that cheese sellers on the CME spot cheese market used an output (cheese) price stabilization method during the analyzed period of time.
Abstract W P234: Blood Pressure Guideline Adherence in Patients With Severe Acute Cerebrovascular Events

Background: Patients with acute cerebrovascular injuries (ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhages) require strict physiologic control, especially in the first hours of injury, to minimize clinical deterioration, morbidity, and death. This study aimed to assess inhospital physiologic parameter guideline compliance in these patient populations. Methods: This IRB approved observational cohort study monitored patients with severe cerebrovascular disease admitted to the neurocritical care unit using multiple channels of physiologic data continuously recorded using the BedMasterEX (Excel Medical Electronics Inc, FL) system. This platform continuously collected hemodynamic variables (blood pressure and heart rate via arterial catheter), body temperature, and blood oxygen saturation in 5 second intervals. Raw data were initially analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Fifty patients, 48% male, mean age 59.7 ±13.9 years (15 subarachnoid hemorrhages, 9 unruptured aneurysms, 6 ischemic strokes, 6 subdural hematomas, 4 intracerebral hemorrhages, 3 ischemic strokes, 1 arteriovenous malformation, 1 intraventricular hemorrhage, and 5 miscellaneous vascular injuries) were enrolled. Data acquired represented 2259 total hours of continuous blood pressure monitoring. As an example of guideline compliance, systolic blood pressure (SBP) were compared to current SBP guideline parameters and were on average outside of recommended ranges 29.4 ±30.19% of the patient’s monitoring period. We have found specifically for SBP management 6%, 28%, 18%, 12% and 36% of our patients were 99%, 90%, 80%, 70%, and <70% of the time within the specified SBP goals. Conclusion: Hemodynamic management of patients with cerebrovascular injuries, based on current guidelines, yielded optimal control of SBP in only 34% of patients (within parameters ≥90% of time). More detailed data analyses are underway and additional physiologic variables concurrently collected with those presented here are also being studied. Future studies will further evaluate these data for potential correlation between changes in hemodynamics and clinical outcomes (worsening neurological condition, hematoma growth, re-rupture of aneurysm, hemorrhagic conversion of stroke).
Comparative in vitro analyses of recombinant maize starch synthases SSI, SSIIa, and SSIII reveal direct regulatory interactions and thermosensitivity

Starch synthases SSI, SSII, and SSIII function in assembling the amylopectin component of starch, but their specific roles and means of coordination are not fully understood. Genetic analyses indicate regulatory interactions among SS classes, and physical interactions among them are known. The N terminal extension of cereal SSIII, comprising up to 1200 residues beyond the catalytic domain, is responsible at least in part for these interactions. Recombinant maize SSI, SSIIa, and full-length or truncated SSIII, were tested for functional interactions regarding enzymatic activity. Amino-terminal truncated SSIII exhibited reduced activity compared to full-length enzyme, and addition of the N terminus to the truncated protein stimulated catalytic activity. SSIII and SSI displayed a negative interaction that reduced total activity in a reconstituted system. These data demonstrate that SSIII is both a catalytic and regulatory factor. SSIII activity was reduced by approximately 50% after brief incubation at 45 °C, suggesting a role in reduced starch accumulation during growth in high temperatures. Buffer effects were tested to address a current debate regarding the SS mechanism. Glucan stimulated the SSIIa and SSIII reaction rate regardless of the buffer system, supporting the accepted mechanism in which glucosyl units are added to exogenous primer substrates.
Protecting relationships from stress

Although partners in close social relationships often enable one another to manage stress, stress can also undermine the many benefits that these relationships provide. We review interventions designed to reduce the effects of stress on relationships, distinguishing (a) couple-targeted interventions that aim to build couples' skills in managing stress from (b) stress-targeted interventions intended to eliminate stress itself. Recent examples of these approaches are presented and evaluated. Couple-targeted and stress-targeted interventions both hold promise for empowering couples to sustain their relationship and the well-being of their children, and additional empirical work will help clarify the conditions under which different strategies prove most effective.
Serum vitamin B12 content and UBBC in gravid and fetal rabbits.

It is well known that human serum vitamin B12 decreases progressively during pregnancy (1-3) with lowest levels present at term. Within 4-6 weeks post partum, the maternal serum B12 level returns to normal or higher (4-5). In general, fetal cord blood contains more vitamin B12 than comparable maternal blood (3). The unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC) of the mother increases during pregnancy and returns to normal within a month of parturition (6, 7). Similar phenomenon have also been found in rats (1). Although pregnant women and gravid experimental rats appear to follow the same pattern with regard to serum vitamin B12, no definitive rationale has as yet been offered to explain these effects.Rabbits are known to contain the highest serum vitamin B12 content and UBBC of all laboratory mammals so far tested (8). Because rabbits are often used as models for fetal development, it was of interest to determine the serum B12 and UBBC during gravidity and in the fetus.Materials. Samples. Sera of grav...
Intracellular/Surface Moonlighting Proteins

Cell surface proteins of bacterial pathogens play key roles in invasion and virulence. Colonization of the host requires adhesion of the bacterium to host tissues, so some surface proteins bind to proteins in the extracellular matrix or directly to host cells. Others bind to plasminogen, which, when converted to the active protease plasmin, aids in degradation and invasion of host tissues. Surprisingly, a growing number of the cell surface proteins that bind to host cells, extracellular matrix, or plasminogen were previously identified as intracellular enzymes or chaperones, and we refer to them as intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins. Moonlighting proteins are a subset of multifunctional proteins in which multiple biochemical or biophysical functions in one polypeptide chain are not due to gene fusions, families of homologous proteins, promiscuous enzyme activity or pleiotropic effects.It is not known how most intracellular/cell surface moonlighting proteins are secreted. These proteins do not possess signal peptides for secretion by the canonical Sec pathway. Their secretion may involve a novel version of another known secretion pathway or it may involve an as yet unknown secretion pathway. In addition, they do not contain sequence motifs known to be involved in attachment to the cell surface. This could also involve a new version of a known mechanism or it may involve an as yet unknown mechanism. With the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, new targets for inhibiting bacterial infection and virulence are needed. Understanding how intracellular/cell surface moonlighting proteins are targeted to the surface of a pathogen might lead to a method to decrease the ability of bacteria to bind to and degrade host tissues and could provide new targets for developing therapeutics to treat infections.
Determination of benzene series in coating meterial by purge and trap in combination with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry(P&T-GC/MS)

Objective:A purge and trap in combination with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry(PT-GC/MS) method was developed for determination of benzene series in coating meterial.Methods: Eight kinds of benzene series in the soaking liquid were analyzed by purge and trap in combination with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry(PT-GC/MS) according to "Hygienic Standard for drinking water",and the injection mode was discussed.Results: Good peak shape and sensitivity were got by split ratio 5∶1.The linear range was 0.1 μg/L～4.0 μg/L with a good linear correlation coefficient(r0.999) and the recovery was from 96% to 106%.The relative standard deviations were from 1.2% to 4.5%.Conclusion: This analysis methods is accurate and credible.It is suitable for the analysis of eight kinds of benzene series in coating meterial for drinking water.
Assessment of the implementation of general land use planning based on GIS in Sihong County,Jiangsu

Overall land use planning of a certain region is the spatial and temporal arrangement and layout of land utilization types according to physical,economic and social conditions and regional requirements. More important is the strict implementation of planning text. Evaluations of implementation of general land use planning are an indispensable part of general land use planning and an important part of the planning implementation phase. Most of the current research has evaluated using the index system,but this does not reflect land use differences in space. In this paper the implementation effects of general land use planning were evaluated from spatial concordance during the implementation process,the spatial concordance of the implementation outcome,the shift of the barycenter of construction land and the layout of land use patterns by the spatial concordance model,the shift of barycenter model and the annular model with the aid of GIS software. Sihong County in Jiangsu was chosen as the study area for testing the applicability of the above-mentioned models and the models proved to be suitable tools in the assessment of enforcement effects of general land use planning. The evaluation models combine quantitative assessment and spatial analysis altogether and the results could be used in guiding the further actualization of general land use planning. Our study not only enriches the methodology of general land use planning evaluation but also provides constructive guidelines of better actualization of land use planning for local governments.
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE DURING HYPOTHERMIA.

SUMMARY The effect of temperature changes on ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relationships has been examined by means of two preparations: one in which the heart is exposed to the general bodily responses to experimental interventions, the other in which the ventricle and its vascular bed are isolated. Ventricular diastolic distensibility is diminished as temperature is lowered, as evidenced by a progressive change in ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations. This is the primary ventricular response to hypothermia as observed in the isolated preparation. In the whole animal preparation, the response is biphasic; with the onset of hypothermia an increase in diastolic distensibility is observed, which is followed by the expected diminution in distensibility. It is suggested that the initial distensibility increase seen in the whole animal, but not the isolated, preparation may be explained by an increase in circulating catecholamines evinced by adrenal medullary response to a cold stress. Administration of inotropic agents (norepinephrine and calcium) to the normothermic ventricle is followed by an increase in ventricular diastolic distensibility, and this phenomenon is dose-related.
The Symbolic Totalization of Sensible Multitudes

In the chapter preceding his discussion of the symbolic representation of number in PA, Husserl explores “the symbolic representations” of sensible multiplicities.1 These analyses parallel those following. However, the accounts only parallel one another. The pre-given or pre-totalized sensible multitudes are not abstractive bases for number concepts. Rather, Husserl demonstrates that the problems encountered in the realm of sense are analogous to those encountered in that of the formal. His prime objective with regard to the former is to account for how that which is “not directly given” but given “indirectly through signs,” may also be understood in light of the mechanisms of “actual ... representation.”2 Husserl cannot but seek to understand that which eludes the immediate grasp of consciousness in terms of that which does not.
New Cramér-Rao bound expressions for coprime and other sparse arrays

The Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) offers a lower bound on the variances of unbiased estimates of parameters, e.g., directions of arrival (DOA) in array processing. While there exist landmark papers on the study of the CRB in the context of array processing, the closed-form expressions available in the literature are not easy to use in the context of sparse arrays (such as minimum redundancy arrays (MRAs), nested arrays, or coprime arrays) for which the number of identifiable sources D exceeds the number of sensors N. Under such situations, the existing literature does not spell out the conditions under which the Fisher information matrix is nonsingular, or the condition under which specific closed-form expressions for the CRB remain valid. This paper derives a new expression for the CRB to fill this gap. The conditions for validity of this expression are expressed as the rank condition of a matrix defined based on the difference coarray. The rank condition and the closed-form expression lead to a number of new insights. For example, it is possible to prove the previously known experimental observation that, when there are more sources than sensors, the CRB stagnates to a constant value as the SNR tends to infinity.1
Evaluating hormone therapy-associated increases in breast density comparison between reported and simultaneous assignment of BI-RADS categories, visual assessment, and quantitative analysis.

Rationale and Objectives Changes in breast density, which are commonly associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, may imply changes in breast cancer risk. This study explores the ability of different methods to detect hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-associated increases in breast density. Materials and Methods Between 1997 and 2001, 51 postmenopausal women were reported to have HRT-associated increases in breast density at our institution. Twenty postmenopausal women not reported to have an increase in density during the same period were selected as controls. Mammograms from date of report and earlier comparison were used. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) density categories from both dates were obtained from the mammography report. Mammograms were reviewed at separate time points and density changes evaluated by assigning BI-RADS density categories, visual assessment, and computer-assisted quantitative analysis. Results Mammogram reports were not available for two patients. The remaining 49 women with reported HRT increases in density were included. Reported BI-RADS categories resulted in detection of 57%, simultaneous BI-RADS assignment in 61%, visual assessment in 100%, and quantitative assessment in 94% of women with HRT-associated increases in density. Reported BI-RADS category change was the only method that resulted in false-positive increases in density for control patients. Minimal HRT associated increases in density were the most difficult to detect, with 90% of these 21 cases not detected by simultaneous BI-RADS category assignment and 3 cases not detected by quantitative methods when defined as an increase of at least 5%. Conclusion Visual and quantitative assessment best identified women with HRT-associated increases in density, including those with minimal increases. Simultaneous assignment of BI-RADS categories was considerably better than use of reported BI-RADS categories. This information may be helpful in guiding research design of studies evaluating changes in density from the HRT use.
Barriers to urogynecological care in a population of gynecological oncology patients

The objective was to identify barriers to urogynecological evaluation in a population of new patients presenting to a gynecological oncology practice with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. A pelvic floor dysfunction screening questionnaire was given to new patients presenting to a university-based gynecological oncology practice between 1 August 2010 and 31 August 2012. Patients indicating symptoms related to pelvic floor dysfunction in the survey were offered urogynecological evaluations. Charts of those patients declining further evaluation were reviewed. Results of the pelvic floor dysfunction questionnaires were assessed. Reasons provided for not desiring further evaluation were extracted from the questionnaire and stratified. A total of 549 surveys were reviewed. Two hundred and thirty-six patients (42.0 %) of the patients surveyed reported being bothered by pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms. Only 6.7 % (16 out of 236) wanted a referral for an urogynecological evaluation; 93.2 % declined an evaluation. Of patients reporting moderate to severe bother from pelvic floor symptoms, the most frequently cited barrier to care was feeling overwhelmed with the current medical situation (28 %). Other reasons for declining an urogynecological evaluation included a previous evaluation (14 %), financial concerns (6.9 %), and believing that oncological treatment would cure pelvic floor symptoms (6 %). Quality of life after cancer treatment is important. The ability to provide treatment for gynecological cancer and pelvic floor disorders concomitantly has the potential to improve the quality of life in this patient population. Understanding barriers to care of gynecological oncology patients seeking evaluation for conditions affecting their quality of life is essential in alleviating fears, preventing misconceptions, and for making informed decisions.