cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Methodology of Self-Study and Its Theoretical Underpinnings

In this chapter I summarize the epistemological, pedagogical, and moral/ethical/political underpinnings of self-study, which serve as the conceptual framework for the field. I then offer a characterization of the methodology of self-study in relationship to those theoretical foundations by encapsulating the predominant pedagogical strategies, research methods, and research representations in the literature to date. I conceptualize self-study as “a methodology for studying professional practice settings” (Pinnegar, 1998) that has the following characteristics: it is self-initiated and focused; it is improvement-aimed; it is interactive; it includes multiple, mainly qualitative, methods; and, it defines validity as a validation process based in trustworthiness (Mishler, 1990). The chapter thus serves as an introduction to this section on the methodology of self-study.
Social Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life: A Recreation Setting Analysis:

Objective. To determine if significant differences between park users and non-park users are associated with scores on a composite health-related quality of life (HRQoL) index. Methods. Data for this study were collected based on random intercept of a cross section of eligible Monroe County, Indiana, residents at four selected public recreational parks, as well as nonpark locations from July to December 2017. Based on data collected using validated survey items, we created a composite HRQoL index. Statistical analysis included independent-samples t test, chi-square cross-tabulation, bivariate regression, and multivariate regression. Results. Frequent park users were significantly different from nonfrequent park users in various respects. The most leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) experiences of frequent park users occurred at a park location. Body mass index and park-based LTPA were significantly positively associated with HRQoL scores in a linear regression model. Conclusion. Frequent park use was shown to be positively associated with increased park-based LTPA and HRQoL. It is therefore possible that increasing park visitation will result in more members of a community who report experiencing their LTPA at a park location. Study outcomes lend support to the validity of a composite HRQoL index for population health assessments.
The Minimal Epo Receptor Allele, EpoR-H, Regulates ERK1,2, (But Not JNKs or p70S6K), and Induces Pim-1, SOCS3 and Oncostatin-M (But Not BcL-XL) in Primary Erythroblasts.

In studies of core Epo receptor signals that are necessary-and-sufficient for erythroblast development, we have shown that an EpoR-PY343-Stat5 axis is required for efficient erythropoiesis during anemia. This involved analyses of knocked-in truncated Epo receptor alleles that retain only a PY343 Stat5 binding site (EpoR-H allele), or lack all cytoplasmic PY motifs (EpoR-HM allele). Presently we have analyzed core signaling capacities of these receptor forms (and the wt-EpoR) in purified developmentally-staged marrow- derived erythroblasts. Analyses of JNKs, p70s6K and ERKs revealed that JNK and p70s6K activation is mediated by non-essential C-terminal EpoR domains. ERKs, in contrast, remained coupled to EpoR-H and EpoR-HM forms. EpoR-H/PY343/Stat5 response genes that might support EpoR-H’s wild-type activity next were analyzed. Despite evidence for Stat5 binding at a Bcl-x intron-1 element, no significant Epo-induction of Bcl-x transcripts was detected for any EpoR allele. In contrast, Pim-1, oncostatin-M and SOCS-3 were induced multi-fold in wt-EpoR and EpoR-H, but not EpoR-HM erythroblasts (and for EpoR-HM, no activation of Stat-5, -1 or-3 was detectable). In addition, receptor cross-talk analyses revealed that Kit selectively modulates EpoR-PY343-Stat5- dependent SOCS-3 and oncostatin-M transcription, and enhances Pim-1 expression several-fold via apparent post-transcriptional mechanisms. Epo action therefore is proposed to depend primarily on the regulation of ERKs, Pim-1 and possibly oncostatin-M (but not JNKs, p70S6K or Bcl-x).
A Primary Care-ent Initiative to Improve Value for Children with Middle Ear Disease

Introduction: In 2013 the first national guideline outlined referral criteria for pressure equalization (PE) tube insertion, the second most common operation for US children.1 National data suggests over-referral, with PE tubes suggested for targeted reduction. 2,3,4 Primary Aim: To increase by 20% the number of children (< 6 years) in a medical home appropriately referred to ENT for tube placement. Methods: • PDSA #1: A multidisciplinary team modified the 2013 national guideline1 for clarity, disseminated it to providers, developed web-based …
Enhanced Cu2S/CdS Coaxial Nanowire Solar Cells by Piezo-Phototronic Effect

we report the enhanced performance of the piezoelectric core-shell NW PV devices by a factor of 70% using the piezo-phototronic effect, which could control the electron-hole pair transport, separation and/or recombination at pn junction via applied strain.
Carbon Dioxide Capture from Compressed Air Energy Storage System

Abstract Research projects on new energy storage technologies are underway due to their prominent role in the mitigation of renewable energy fluctuation and grid stability. Compressed air energy storage, as a grid-scale energy storage technology, has attracted attention in recent years with prompt deployment of renewable energies and for peak-shaving applications. Nevertheless, greenhouse gas emission is its main drawback and the lacking point of this technology in the literature. In this regard, an innovative cogeneration concept based on compressed air energy storage with post-combusting carbon dioxide capture is proposed in the present article to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, an organic Rankine cycle has been employed to provide further power through waste heat recovery. The reference system is simulated by ASPEN Plus from the perspective of thermodynamics. In addition, a parametric analysis has been considered to address the impact of the critical parameters on system performance. The results indicate that 108 MW power with a round trip efficiency of 44% is generated during the peak demand periods. Also, 10.24 kg/s carbon dioxide with an efficiency of 87.6% is captured by the CO2 capture unit.
Abstract P058: Female Rats Artificially Selected For Low Vs. High Intrinsic Aerobic Capacity Display Divergent Mechanisms In Vascular Inflammation

Hypertension is an important clinical symptom of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Rats selectively bred for low intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCR) are animal models for MetS, and present with increased blo...
Bilateral Exertional Compartment Syndrome With Endoscopic Fasciotomy Surgical Intervention in a High School Athlete

A 17-year-old female presented to the physical therapy clinic with bilateral lower leg pain that worsened with activity. The patient experienced numbness, tingling, and cramping along the lateral and posterior portions of her legs during basketball practice, and her symptoms had gradually worsened over the past eight months. She obtained minimal relief with conservative treatments such as stretching and rest. X-rays and MRI of the lower limbs were obtained six months after symptoms began and were unremarkable. Further evaluation included compartment pressure testing taken before and after exercise. The patient demonstrated diagnostic pressures indicative of compartment syndrome in two compartments bilaterally. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with exertional compartment syndrome. Exertional compartment syndrome is a cause of muscle pain that occurs due to increased tissue pressure within the confinement of the closed fascial space during exercise. Patients are often misdiagnosed or there is a significant delay in the correct diagnosis. The gold standard for diagnosis is measurement of intracompartmental pressures with the Stryker catheter. Clinicians should consider exertional compartment syndrome in active patients who present with generalized muscle pain or sensation deficits that worsen with activity and are relieved with rest. Surgical intervention is a reasonable intervention and the only definitive option for an athlete with chronic exertional compartment syndrome who wants to continue high-level competition. Endoscopic fasciotomies are the new preferred techniques compared to more invasive open surgeries, which require a full incision. Endoscopic fasciotomy has a quicker healing time and has been shown to be as effective at relieving compartment syndrome symptoms as invasive open techniques. After surgical intervention, the patient reported a 90% reduction in symptoms and had returned to full sport participation within two months.
Commensality: Networks of personal, family, and community social transformation:

Commensality is a term that has been used by social scientists to address the practices that lead people to share a meal at a common table. Recently, food scholars have focused beyond the actual ac...
Development and improvement of the CROPGRO-Strawberry model

Abstract Strawberry is a high-value horticultural crop with a global market and it has a strong regional importance in production areas such as Florida. Strawberry growers face many challenges related to weather, cultivation, and markets. Decision support tools can help optimize strawberry production but require sound models or other predictive tools as a foundation. The goal of this study was to improve a new CROPGRO-Strawberry model in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) using experimental data with observations from different seasons and multiple cultivars. Model improvements were made in three primary areas: 1) cardinal temperatures for different development processes, 2) a module for the dynamic assimilate partitioning based on photothermal age, and 3) improvement of the cultivar and ecotype coefficients. The model predicts the growth, development, and fruit production of strawberry over time using weather, soil, management and physiological parameters as inputs. Overall, the results show a good simulation of development and growth (d = 0.77 to 0.99, RRMSE = 0.26 to 0.68), but an overestimation of vegetative growth during the early season. Periodic and cumulative fruit harvests were well-simulated (d = 0.91, RRMSE 0.47), capturing the seasonal dynamics and representing differences among cultivars and harvest intervals. A strategic analysis showed the applicability of the crop model to understand and manage the impact of seasonal climate variability on total strawberry yield as well as the distribution of fruit production across different harvest months. Future work should include improvements in the simulation of vegetative growth and evaluation against new datasets representing different production environments and cultivars. The improved CROPGRO-Strawberry model will enable future work on applications to other specialty crops where modeling of continuous fruiting and multiple harvests of individual fruit instead of one end-of-season harvest is desired.
Bayesian optimization for chemical products and functional materials

The design of chemical-based products and functional materials is vital to modern technologies, yet remains expensive and slow. Artificial intelligence and machine learning offer new approaches to leverage data to overcome these challenges. This review focuses on recent applications of Bayesian optimization (BO) to chemical products and materials including molecular design, drug discovery, molecular modeling, electrolyte design, and additive manufacturing. Numerous examples show how BO often requires an order of magnitude fewer experiments than Edisonian search. The essential equations for BO are introduced in a self-contained primer specifically written for chemical engineers and others new to the area. Finally, the review discusses four current research directions for BO and their relevance to product and materials design.
The physics of parallel machines

The idea is considered that architectures for massively parallel computers must be designed to go beyond supporting a particular class of algorithms to supporting the underlying physical processes being modelled. Physical processes modelled by partial differential equations (PDEs) are discussed. Also discussed is the idea that an efficient architecture must go beyond nearest neighbor mesh interconnections and support global and hierarchical communications.
Sensorimotor aspects of high-speed artificial gravity: II. The effect of head position on illusory self motion

The effects of cross-coupled stimuli on the semicircular canals are shown to be influenced by the position of the subject's head with respect to gravity and the axis of rotation, but not by the subject's head position relative to the trunk. Seventeen healthy subjects made head yaw movements out of the horizontal plane while lying on a horizontal platform (MIT short radius centrifuge) rotating at 23 rpm about an earth-vertical axis. The subjects reported the magnitude and duration of the illusory pitch or roll sensations elicited by the cross-coupled rotational stimuli acting on the semicircular canals. The results suggest an influence of head position relative to gravity. The magnitude estimation is higher and the sensation decays more slowly when the head's final position is toward nose-up (gravity in the subject's head x-z-plane) compared to when the head is turned toward the side (gravity in the subject's head y-z-plane). The results are discussed with respect to artificial gravity in space and the possible role of pre-adaptation to cross-coupled angular accelerations on earth.
Low Malignant Potential Ovarian Tumors: Borderline Ovarian Tumors

A Committee of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) proposed a classification of common epithelial ovarian tumors as well as the clinical staging of these tumors. The classification and clinical staging, adopted in 1971, were the result of approximately 10 years of work by the Committee. The clinical staging has been revised on two occasions, the last being in 1987. Until that time there were as many classifications as there were hospitals in the country and as many subdivisions of these classifications as there were physicians in practice. Until the profession and scientists started to talk this common language, chaos reigned. It was impossible prior to establishment of the FIGO classification to compare results between centers and almost impossible to structure protocols for workup, management, and follow-up of patients with these tumors.
Estimation of Actual and Ideal Bodyweight Using Morphometric Measurements and Owner Guessed Bodyweight of Adult Draft and Warmblood Horses

Abstract Bodyweight (BW) estimation equations have not been developed for draft and warmblood horses. The objectives were to develop BW estimation equations using morphometric measurements for draft and warmblood horses and investigate horse owner's ability to estimate BW. Morphometric measurements were collected on adult (≥3 years), nonpregnant, draft (n = 138), and warmblood (n = 89) horses. Personnel measured wither height, body length (BL) from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock (BL wrap), BL from the point of the shoulder to a line perpendicular to the point of the buttock (BL straight), neck circumference, girth circumference, body condition, and BW using a livestock scale. Equations for the estimation of BW were developed using linear regression. For estimated BW, the model was fit using all individuals and all morphometric measurements, except BL wrap. For ideal BW, the model was fit using individuals with a body condition score of 5, BL straight, and height. Bodyweight (kg) was estimated by taking [girth (cm)1.528 × BL straight (cm)0.574 × height (cm)0.246 × neck (cm)0.261]/1,181 (draft) or 1,209 (warmblood)] (R2 = 0.96; root mean square error [rMSE] = 28 kg). This was an improvement over the previous BW estimation equation (R2 = 0.94; rMSE = 34 kg). Ideal BW (kg) was estimated by {[4.92 × BL straight (cm)] + [4.64 × height (cm)] − 951 (draft) or 1,016 (WB)} (R2 = 0.90; rMSE = 33 kg). Owners accurately estimated horse BW (R2 = 0.87). Morphometric measurements were used to develop BW-related equations for draft and warmblood horses.
Campus Antisemitic Speech and the First Amendment

This chapter argues that institutions of higher education can punish persons using university property to spread intimidating and defamatory antisemitism. Jewish students at several U.S. universities have recently been the targets of a growing number of antisemitic incidents. Antisemitic slurs are based on historic stereotypes that are derisive to Jews. Virulent antisemitism also aims to create a hostile environment for Jewish students and anyone, irrespective of religion, who is associated with Jewish causes, like Zionism. All public universities must abide by the First Amendment standards established by Supreme Court decisions on intimidating speech. Not all expressions of hatred and intolerance are advocacy; therefore, some expressions of apathy, disdain, or outright malevolence toward Jews do not fit the paradigm of administratively punishable hate speech. Antisemitic intimidation can have a direct and negative impact on Jewish students' academic performance. Maintaining a safe environment is essential to educational and extracurricular success. Keywords: antisemitism; campus antisemitic speech; first amendment; Jewish students; Supreme Court; Zionism
Electronic structure of doped d 0 perovskite semiconductors

We address the low-energy effective Hamiltonian of electron doped ${d}^{0}$ perovskite semiconductors in cubic and tetragonal phases using the $\mathrm{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{p}$ method. The Hamiltonian depends on the spin-orbit interaction strength, on the temperature-dependent tetragonal distortion, and on a set of effective-mass parameters whose number is determined by the symmetry of the crystal. We explain how these parameters can be extracted from angle resolved photoemission, Raman spectroscopy, and magnetotransport measurements and estimate their values in SrTiO${}_{3}$.
Understanding the cause of false negative β-D-glucuronidase reactions in culture media containing fermentable carbohydrate.

Aims: To explain the basis for false negative β-glucuronidase reactions seen with culture media containing lactose as a carbon and energy source. Methods and Results: Escherichia coli strains were assessed for their reactions in culture media containing a β-d-glucuronidase substrate either with or without lactose. An assay was developed to test for the expression of β-d-glucuronidase at pH 5·0 and pH 7·2. Strains of E. coli that gave false negative glucuronidase reactions on media containing lactose generally expressed lower concentrations of the enzyme β-d-glucuronidase than strains that gave positive results, although the difference was by no means consistent. Most strains that were negative on lactose-containing media expressed virtually no β-d-glucuronidase activity at pH 5·0. Examination of colonies on Membrane lactose glucuronide agar (MLGA) from lightly polluted water showed that c. 10% of the E. coli present failed to yield green colonies on MLGA. Conclusions: E. coli that failed to produce green colonies on MLGA produced lower levels of β-d-glucuronidase than did strains that formed green colonies, the difference being greater at pH 5·0 than pH 7·2. The false negative rate for E. coli 10% which is similar to that experienced in the study that originally described MLGA. Significance and Impact of the Study: Strains of E. coli that fail to produce typical colonies on MLGA might produce lower concentrations of the enzyme β-d-glucuronidase. Whilst the enzyme activity is sufficient to be detected at pH 7·2, fermentation of lactose significantly lowers the pH of the medium and can result in reduced enzyme activity and therefore lack of detection. The false negative rate of c. 10% would be difficult to detect in routine laboratories as it would represent 1% or less of yellow colonies being identified as E. coli (assuming E. coli accounts for 10% of the total coliform population in drinking water).
The Ascendency of Developmental Genetics, or How the T Complex Educated a Generation of Developmental Biologists

THIS past year marked the 60th anniversary of the publication in Genetics of a remarkable scientific paper from a remarkable woman, Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch (then Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer), first describing the embryonic development of the tailless phenotypes resulting from the interaction of T (
Measuring and Reducing College Students' Procrastination

We examined college students' procrastination when studying for weekly in-class quizzes. Two schedules of online practice quiz delivery were compared using a multiple baseline design. When online study material was made available noncontingently, students usually procrastinated. When access to additional study material was contingent on completing previous study material, studying was more evenly distributed. Overall, the mean gain in percentage correct scores on weekly in-class quizzes relative to pretests was greater during contingent access than during noncontingent access conditions.
The Imperial "Pitch-and-Toss" in Kipling's IF

(2009). The Imperial 'Pitch-and-Toss' in Kipling's IF. The Explicator: Vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 89-92.
SEGMENTAL REPLACEMENT OF THE THORACIC ESOPHAGUS WITH WOVEN TEFLON.

Summary In 20 experimental animals a segment of distal thoracic esophagus was resected and replaced with a woven Teflon prosthesis. Postoperatively, the animals fell into three groups: Group I-early deaths due to leakage; Group II-late deaths due to obstruction; Group III-long-term survivors. It is concluded that a better prosthetic material must be found and techniques for placement improved before such procedures have a wide clinical application.
Heating value, relative density and compression factor for dry or wet natural gas from composition

Abstract Calculation of the custody transfer properties of natural gas from compositional analysis is relatively straightforward but requires levels of understanding in practice. Several myths exist concerning these properties which are harmless for technicians, but cause difficulty for engineers. In addition, the question of water in the gas and the air used to burn the gas is a complicating factor which requires careful analysis. This paper presents a recipe for calculating these properties from gas composition, including a rigorous analysis of water content. The results contained in this work are generally consistent with ISO Standard 6976, except with respect to water content and the fact that ISO 6976 is an international standard which requires a great deal of information which is not necessary for current purposes.
Acute Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal Rapidly Increases the Thyrotropinβ and α-Subunit Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Mouse Thyrotropic Tumors*

We have abruptly discontinued T3 administration to hypothyroid mice bearing thyrotropic tumors and measured increases in tumor steady state TSH subunit mRNA levels with time. Hypothyroid mice bearing the thyrotropic tumor TtT97 were injected daily with T3 (10 μg/100 g BW, ip, daily) for 10 days. Groups of mice (n = 3) were killed on the day of the last T3 injection (day 0) and 1, 2, 3, or 5 days after stopping T3 treatment. Plasma T3 concentrations fell to subnormal values between days 1 and 2 after stopping T3 treatment. Plasma TSH and total TSH subunit concentrations were 3% of untreated hypothyroid control concentrations on day 0, and rose 4-fold between days 1 and 2 and 20-fold by day 5 (P < 0.01). Plasma total a-subunit concentrations were 28% of untreated hypothyroid control concentrations on day 0, rose to 158% of baseline values by day 2, and rose 3-fold by day 5 (P < 0.001). Tumor TSHβ and α-subunit mRNA levels were 5% and 52% (P < 0.01) of hypothyroid cpntrpl levels on day 0. TSHβ mRNA levels ro...
Uptake of Soluble Gases in the Entire Respiratory Systems of Rats and Humans Using Transient CFD/PBPK Models

With the advancement of experimental and computational techniques, three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) airflow models of the respiratory system have increasingly been used to evaluate aerosol deposition, gas exchange and airflow characteristics under various physiological and/or disease conditions. One specific application that is emerging in the field of toxicology is assessing the risk for exposure to highly reactive, water-soluble gases and vapors including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, and acrolein by coupling CFD models of nasal airways of rats and humans to physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Argon broadening of the R(48), R(50) and R(52) lines of CO2 in the (0001) ← (0000) band

A c.w. narrow-line lead-salt diode laser was used to measure the fully resolved absorption line shape of the R(50) line of CO2 in the v3 band (0001) ← (0000) at 2380.72 cm−1 in shock-heated mixtures of CO2Ar. The line strength S (cm−2 atm−1) and collisional-broadening coefficient 2γCO2Ar (cm−1 atm−1) were determined from rapid-scanning experiments conducted over the temperature range 300–1860 K. Collisional-broadening coefficients for the R(48), R(50) and R(52) lines were determined from fixed-frequency experiments conducted over the temperature range 300–2290 K. For the assumed form γ(T)γ(Tref) = (TTref)−n, the exponent n was determined to be 0.61 with γ(Tref) = 0.0498 (cm−1 atm−1) (HWHM) and Tref = 298 K. No J″ dependence to γCO2Ar was observed for this limited range of high-J″ transitions.
How to create a high‐performance team

This article deals with ways to help create effective teams. Guiding principles are discussed, and a number of successful examples are provided, including those of Boeing, Volvo, and Jostens. The importance of team selection, development, compensation, training, and communication are all considered. Tips for building effective teams are given throughout the discussion.
Radiosynthesis of [3H]methcathinone, an inhibitor of monoamine reuptake transporters

[3H]Methcathinone (2-[3H]methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one), an inhibitor of monoamine reuptake transporters, was synthesized by N-methylation of cathinone using [3H]methyl iodide in toluene/ methanol. A two-step purification procedure employing preparative silica gel TLC, followed by reverse-phase HPLC, was developed to separate [3H]methcathinone from unreacted starting material and side products. We were able to generate radio- and chemically pure [3H]methcathinone, ready for use in pharmacological experiments, in about eight hours. Overall yield was about 4% based on [3H]methyl iodide.Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sovereignty and Accountability in the European Community

This chapter shows that the loss of accountability to national parliaments has not been compensated by increased accountability to the European Parliament. The "comitology", the structure of advisory, regulatory, and management committees staffed by national civil servants, is answerable to national governments, not to the Community institutions; European Parliamentary scrutiny is largely excluded from both policymaking and implementation. The best approach to closing the "democratic deficit" would be to create in each member country a committee on Community affairs on which both parliamentarians and national deputies serve, and to extend and strengthen the European Parliament's co-decisionmaking powers. The European Coal and Steel Community, established in 1951, and its successor, the European Economic Community, established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957, required a pooling of sovereignty in certain specific areas among those nation-states that became members. Governments do not sacrifice their powers absolutely. That is why sovereignty has been pooled rather than transferred.
The implicit conditioning method in statistical mechanics

Abstract It is well known that least mean square estimation can be employed to calculate conditional means, a procedure called the implicit conditioning method in this paper. It is possible to construct a priori probability densities of tractable form that, when conditioned on certain sets of variables, reduce to conditional probability densities which are identical to the canonical probability densities occurring in the statistical mechanics of certain classical systems. This yields a new variational principle for the calculation of canonical mean values in classical statistical mechanics. In this paper, two versions of this variational principle are applied to a simple lattice system to yield approximate expressions for the canonical mean values of certain properties of physical interest.
Modulation of hippocampal norepinephrine release by cholinergic agonists is altered by AF64A lesion

The effect of lesioning hippocampal cholinergic neurons with the neurotoxin AF64A on the ability of cholinergic agonists to modulate stimulation-induced release of 3H-norepinephrine (NE) from rat hippocampal slices was studied. Rats received intracerebroventricular injections of either AF64A (ethylcholine mustard aziridinium, 2 nmol) or vehicle (sham operated). Six weeks after treatment, release of 3H-NE evoked by electrical stimulation (2 Hz, 2 min) in the presence or absence of cholinergic agonists and/or antagonists was measured. Activation of M2 receptors with oxotremorine (in the presence of the M1 antagonist pirenzepine) caused a small inhibition of NE release, which was abolished in hippocampi from AF64A-treated rats. The Kd for high-affinity binding of the selective M2 ligand [3H] AF-DX 384 was increased 10-fold in lesioned tissues. The M1 selective agonist McN-A-343 produced a significant enhancement of NE release, which was unchanged by AF64A lesion. Binding studies with [3H] pirenzepine showed no change in the affinity or number of M1 receptors. Nicotine also caused a significant enhancement of evoked NE release, but this effect was markedly reduced in tissues from AF64A-treated rats. AF64A treatment caused a twofold decrease in the number of [3H] nicotine binding sites. This study suggests that long-term lesion of hippocampal cholinergic neurons with AF64A alters the function of postsynaptic muscarinic M2 and nicotinic cholinergic receptors that modulate the release of NE in the hippocampus.
Tests for location-scale families based on the empirical characteristic function

A class of procedures is presented for using random samples to test the fit of location-scale families—distributions F(·;θ1,θ2) such that Z=(X−θ1)/θ2 has distribution Open image in new window Working with empirically standardized data, Open image in new window the test statistic is a measure of Open image in new window distance between the empirical characteristic function, Open image in new windowOpen image in new window and the c.f. of Z under the null hypothesis, ϕ0(t). The closed-form test statistic is derived by integrating over Open image in new window the product of a weight function times Open image in new window Using as weight function for each location-scale family the squared modulus of ϕ0 itself presents a unified test procedure. Included as special cases are well-known tests for normal and Cauchy laws. Small-sample powers are compared with those of Anderson-Darling tests for each of seven univariate location-scale families.
Performance comparison between integrated 40 Gb/s EAM devices grown by selective area growth and butt-joint overgrowth

A key component for high-speed communication systems is the electro-absorption modulator (EAM). An EAM integrated with a passive waveguide section or a DFB laser has been explored to reduce cost and simplify packaging. Several approaches have been developed to accomplish monolithic integration. These technologies include butt-joint coupling (in which the laser and EAM are grown separately) and selective-area growth. Butt-joint (BJ) coupling is attractive because it allows independent optimization of the laser and EAM. However, it requires multiple growths. In contrast, selective-area growth (SAG) is an elegant solution because both the active regions of the laser and modulator can be grown in a single epitaxial growth whilst allowing a shift of ∼100 nm to be obtained in the characteristic wavelength of the two device regions. Also the vertical alignment between them is ensured. In this paper, we will compare the performance of both SAG and BJ integration processes. The interfaces between laser and waveguide sections grown with SAG and BJ were characterized via optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR). Fifty-micrometer long EAMs integrated with a 250 μm long passive waveguide region using both SAG and BJ structures exhibited total capacitance values lower than 70 fF with 3 dB bandwidths over 28 GHz. Open eye diagrams were obtained for both integrated and stand alone EAMs at a peak-to-peak driving voltage of 2.9 V under 40 Gbit/s modulation.
Circulating Immune Complexes in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Circulating immune complexes (CICs) were measured in the sera of clinically stable and acutely infected patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Twenty CF patients were studied when clinically stable; an additional 18 patients were studied during an acute exacerbation of pulmonary infection as evidenced by fever, tachypnea, increased white blood cell count, increased sputum production, and acute chest x-ray film changes. Three methods for determining CICs were employed: polyethylene glycol precipitation, a C1q solid phase assay, and the Raji cell radioimmune assay. Ten of 20 clinically stable CF patients had one or two positive assays for CICs; two of 20 had two positive assays. In contrast, 16 of 18 acutely infected CF patients had a positive CIC test, and 12 of these were positive with two or three of the assays employed. Serum C3 and C4 concentrations and total hemolytic complement activity did not correlate with the presence of CICs in either patient group. These findings suggest that immune complex formation may mediate some of the tissue damage characteristic of CF, although this usually does not involve intravascular complement activation.
How broadband changes online and offline behaviors

Abstract Using longitudinal panel data on Internet subscriptions and online and offline activities, I assess how broadband adoption affects behavior. Consistent with previous research, this study finds that broadband adopters increase their overall Internet usage. However, broadband adoption is associated with an increase in relatively few specific applications, like downloading music and online purchasing. Among “socially desirable” activities that governments seek to increase by encouraging broadband adoption, only researching health information rises among broadband adopters. Usage of job and career websites and usage of government sites does not rise as people move from dial-up to broadband. Among offline activities, broadband adoption lowers time spent playing video games but has no statistically significant effect on other activities like reading magazines and watching TV. OLS with person-level fixed effects and the difference-in-differences matching estimator yield similar findings. The results are somewhat sensitive to the time period studied, which could indicate that adopters at different stages of the technology’s diffusion respond differently to broadband adoption; it could also reflect the rapid changes in online activities and broadband technology.
Understanding Race/Ethnicity Differences in Offending Across the Life Course: Gaps and Opportunities

Race and ethnicity are two of the strongest yet least understood and underexplored correlates of offending. This essay highlights the need for theoretical and empirical research on longitudinal patterns of offending across race and ethnicity so as to expand the traditional focus of developmental and life course criminology. It also uses data from a sample of serious youthful offenders transitioning from mid-adolescence into early adulthood to examine differential patterns of offending across race and ethnic groups. An ambitious agenda for future research concludes the essay.
Notes On the Behavior of Some North American Gulls. Iv. the Ontogeny of Hostile Behavior and Display Patterns

This paper is primarily a description of the ontogenetic development of ritualized display patterns (specialized social signals) in young Franklin's Gulls (Larus pipixcan) and Ring-billed Gulls (L. delawarensis) during the period from hatching to fledging. All the display notes and calls of older birds seem to be derived from the Distress Notes of newly-hatched chicks. These original Distress Notes (which may be divided into high intensity and low intensity types) occur whenever a chick is uncomfortable or "frustrated" in any way. They are "designed" to make the parent remedy the situation which is causing the discomfort. The subsequent development of the original Distress Notes is essentially a process of elaboration and simultaneous "segregation" or "restriction". The two original types become more distinct morphologically; one of them breaks up into several new types; and each type becomes less and less "generalized", eventually becoming fixed or confined to a particular, single, "frustrating" conflict or ambivalent situation, in which two or more drives (attack, escape, and sometimes some other) are activated simultaneously. These calls and notes also acquire a hostile signal function, becoming threat or appeasement. Most of the display postures and movements develop by a process of what may be termed "ontogenetic ritualization". They first appear as flexible and variable patterns, without a signal function, and gradually become standardized (and sometimes exaggerated) as their signal function develops. They all become hostile signals; and most of them become closely associated with particular calls. These processes result in the formation of many different displays. Both young Franklin's Gulls and young Ring-billed Gulls have acquired complex repertories of hostile displays by the time they first begin to fly. The repertories of the young juvenile birds of the two species are very similar; but neither is identical with the corresponding behavior of adults. It has not been possible to trace the complete development of the adult displays (as hostile behavior declines after fledging) ; but some of the adult patterns are more or less similar to particular juvenile displays, and it may be assumed that they are derived from the juvenile patterns they most closely resemble.
The 5' flanking region of the serotonin 2 receptor gene directs brain specific expression in transgenic animals

Abstract The neuron is the predominant cell type expressing the serotonin 2 (5-HT 2 ) receptor in the central nervous system. Transcriptional control elements involved in the restriction of 5-HT 2 receptor gene expression to neuronal cells and tissues were studied using both transgenic mice and cultured cells. Sequences extending from a site near the translational initiation codon to −5.6 kb in the 5′ flanking region of the murine receptor gene were found to be sufficient to target gene expression to the brain in transgenic animals. In transient transfection experiments a basal promoter was identified which was functional in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Upstream of the basal promoter two repressor domains were found within the 5′ flanking sequence of the receptor gene. These sequences repressed gene activity in all cells except cells of neuronal origin, thus the repressor domains are the primary determinants to generate neuronal cell-specific transcription of the 5-HT 2 receptor gene.
Electrochemical response of small organic molecules at nickel–copper alloy electrodes

Abstract Voltammetric and chronoamperometric response characteristics are summarized for glucose, cysteine and glycine over the potential range 0.00–0.70 V versus SCE at NiCu alloy electrodes in 0.10 M NaOH. The response observed for all NixCu100−x electrodes tested (x=10, 25, 50, 75) is concluded to involve a redox-mediated mechanism. It is also observed that the overpotential for O2 evolution increases as a function of increasing x value in the alloy electrodes. Among the alloys tested, the Ni10Cu90 electrode yields a significantly higher response for glucose and glycine than that observed for Cu and Ni electrodes. However, the response for cysteine at the Ni10Cu90 electrode is similar to that observed at the Cu electrode.
Boric acid reaction with β-keto acids, and its use in assaying acetoacetic decarboxylase

Abstract β-Keto acids have been observed to react reversibly in a one to one stoichiometry with boric acid yielding complexes which exhibit intense absorption in the ultraviolet. The effects of pH and temperature on the extent of this reaction have been investigated, and a reaction mechanism has been proposed. The reaction described has been utilized to provide a sensitive and convenient spectrophotometric assay of acetoacetic decarboxylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum . It would appear to be generally applicable to β-keto acid decarboxylases.
The Effects of Active Infant Orthopedics on Occlusal Relationships in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of active infant orthopedic treatment on dental arch relationships and determine the effect on maxillary growth in children born with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCCLP). Design: The GOSLON Yardstick was used to assess dental models taken on patients treated with and without active infant orthopedics. Patients: Two groups of nonsyndromic Caucasian children born with UCCLP (total n = 40), all treated by the same surgeon and ranging from 5 to 10 years of age, were evaluated. Interventions: One group had a Latham dentomaxillary alignment (DMA) appliance inserted at 5 to 6 weeks of age, after which a lip-nasal adhesion was performed at an average age of 3.5 months. This was followed by more definitive nasolabial repair at the average age of 5.9 months. Those patients treated without preoperative orthopedics underwent a lip-nasal adhesion at average age 1.5 months followed by nasolabial repair at average age 5.1 months. Main Outcome Measures: Randomized ...
Characterization of Protein Phosphorylation by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin in Murine Lymphocytes: Indirect Evidence for a Role in the Suppression of Humoral Immunity

ABSTRACTStudies were undertaken to more thoroughly characterize 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced stimulation of kinase activity in murine lymphocytes. In female B6C3F1 mice, TCDD-induced phosphorylation of 29, 45, 52 and 63 KDa proteins was selective for B cells, with little or no enhancement observed in T cells. When B cells were purified and separated by density on a percoll gradient, phosphorylation was only observed in the band composed of activated B cells, and was not enhanced in the band composed of resting B cells. TCDD-stimulated phosphorylation was associated with both the cytosol (45 and 52 KDa species) and membrane (52 KDa species) fractions. Purified B cells from both DBA/2 (Ahdd) and C57B16 (Ahbb) mice demonstrated equivalent enhancement of phosphorylation in response to TCDD. Administration of human gamma interferon (Hu-IFNg) at concentrations from 0.5 to 500 Units/ml produced a dose-related reversal of TCDD-induced suppression of in vitro antibody responses to both the po...
Co-design of a MEMS actuator and its controller using frequency constraints

A MEMS actuator and its controller are jointly optimized, both sequentially and simultaneously. The sequential problem is formulated to account for controllability by means of a constraint on the actuator’s natural frequency. By varying the frequency constraint, sequential optimization generates a set of designs with significantly increased displacement, compared to the original non-optimized design, and with various settling times. In simultaneous optimization, a non-linearly weighted objective function combines the two objectives, and the relative weights are varied. The tradeoff between the two objectives shows that the use of the frequency constraint serves as an effective surrogate for controllability of the actuator.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Malt diast se and ptyalin in place of saliva in the identification of glycogen.

Digestion in 1% U. S.P. malt diastase or in 1% ptyalin at 37°C. for 1 hour is an effective substitute for the salivary digestion test used by Bauer, by Bensley and others for the identification of glycogen. Actually the test is not specific for glycogen, since diastase, ptyalin and amylopsin digest other polysaccharides than glycogen, notably starch. In animal tissues this should produce no confusion. Of the two samples tested, the malt diastase proved somewhat more effective than ptyalin and can be fully recommended for sharpness of results.The enzymes should be dissolved in a buffered neutral saline solution consisting of 8g. NaCl, 1.3 g. Na2HPO4 and 0.8 g. NaH2PO4-H2O in 1 liter of water. This solvent by itself does not remove glycogen from liver sections in 1 hour at 37°C.Enzyme tests should be done on uncollodionized sections. Since collodionization permits demonstration of larger amounts of glycogen by both the Best and Bauer methods, this step should be interposed after the digestion test and befor...
HPV-16 exposed mouse embryos: a potential model for pregnancy wastage.

Placentas from spontaneous abortions and preterm deliveries have a higher prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) compared to placentas from elective abortions and term births. The objective was to determine the effects of HPV-16 on the adhesion and implantation properties of early embryo trophoblasts. Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured (medium G2, 5 % CO2, 37 °C) for 72–96 h and exposed to either HPV-16 rich SiHa cell lysates which were refrigerated after mechanical lysis, thawed lysates which had been frozen for freeze/thaw lysis method, or control medium, incubated (4–5 days) and evaluated by microscopy (N = 96 embryos, 3 repeated experiments). Trophoblasts were stained and images were digitized. Adhesion and dimension data were analyzed by Chi-square and t test, respectively. HPV-16 exposed embryos exhibited less adhesion through reduced implantation compared with the control (combined lysates 53.8 vs. 85.7 %, P < 0.05). Refrigerated and thawed lysate groups had similar reduced implantations (58.3 vs. 50.0 %). Of the embryos with implantation, 100 % in the refrigerated lysates were noted to have loose or abnormal adhesion. This was measured when embryos were noted to be lost after washes with HTF. There was no difference in trophoblast viability among the groups. Total trophoblast area was greater in the HPV-16 exposed frozen lysate group (1,881.8 ± 605.3 vs. control 848.8 ± 298.0 square units, mean ± SEM). HPV-16 inhibited trophoblasts adhesion needed for normal implantation, but not embryo development. Total trophoblast spread was increased after HPV-16 exposure suggesting that HPV-16 altered trophoblast migration. These results suggest that HPV-16 may induce abnormal placental growth resulting in pregnancy wastage.
Infinite at every frequency: the photonic density of states in (meta)materials with hyperbolic dispersion and related phenomena

We show that (meta)materials with hyperbolic dispersion exhibit a broad bandwidth singularity in the photonic density of states. As opposed to an isolated singularity found in other physical systems, with the finite density of states in its vicinity, for the systems with hyperbolic dispersion the photonic density of states diverges at every frequency over a finite bandwidth. This behavior leads to a dramatic change in a variety of phenomena, from spontaneous emission to light propagation and scattering.