cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rubella: The Challenge of Its Control

and specific entity [1]. Another sixty years passed before Sir Norman Gregg's remarkable discovery of the association of rubella in early pregnancy with characteristic congenital anomalies in the infant [2]. As a result of this observation, rubella was thrust from its position as a mild, inconsequential disease of childhood and became a major medical problem. The next important landmark came 20 years later in 1962, with the isolation of the virus in tissue culture by Weller and Neva [3] and by Parkman, Buescher, and Artenstein [4]; this event was followed by the rapid evolution of serologic and virologic methods for studying the infection. These events have had major consequences in the past eight years: in documenting the epidemiology and pathogenesis of rubella, in establishing the chronic nature of the fetal infection, and most important, in making possible the development of vaccines for the control of the disease. In the course of this period of feverish activity in laboratories in many parts of the world, an extraordinary amount of new, and sometimes surprising, information has been obtained. This has centered around the virus, its behavior in in-
Oestrogen levels in serum and urine of premenopausal women eating low and high amounts of meat.

Objective Based on the hypothesis that high-meat diets may increase breast cancer risk through hormonal pathways, this analysis compared estrogens in serum and urine by meat-eating status.
Multiple structures and dynamics of [CpRu(CO)2]2 and [CpFe(CO)2]2 in solution revealed with two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy.

Two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy is applied to both (Cp)2Fe2(CO)4 and its ruthenium analog (Cp)2Ru2(CO)4 in order to study the vibrational dynamics of these two systems. Combining the results of 2DIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, the different structural forms of both the iron and the ruthenium complexes were characterized, furthering the previous assignment of the linear IR spectrum by determining the transition frequencies associated with the different isomeric forms. Monitoring the time-dependent amplitudes of the cross peaks enabled the observation of equilibrium energy transfer dynamics between different vibrational modes of the cis-B (Cp)2Fe2(CO)4 and the gauche-NB (Cp)2Ru2(CO)4 complexes. Treating the energy transfer as an equilibrium process, we extracted the rate constants associated with both the uphill and the downhill transfer of vibrational energy, finding that the difference in the rate constants of the two metal complexes maps to the difference in the energy gap between the...
Inactivation of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Ground Chicken Meat Using High Pressure Processing and Gamma Radiation, and in Purge and Chicken Meat Surfaces by Ultraviolet Light.

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), including uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are common contaminants in poultry meat and may cause urinary tract infections after colonization of the gastrointestinal tract and transfer of contaminated feces to the urethra. Three nonthermal processing technologies used to improve the safety and shelf-life of both human and pet foods include high pressure processing (HPP), ionizing (gamma) radiation (GR), and ultraviolet light (UV-C). Multi-isolate cocktails of UPEC were inoculated into ground chicken which was then treated with HPP (4 oC, 0-25 min) at 300, 400 or 500 MPa. HPP D10, the processing conditions needed to inactivate 1 log of UPEC, was 30.6, 8.37, and 4.43 min at 300, 400, and 500 MPa, respectively. When the UPEC was inoculated into ground chicken and gamma irradiated (4 and -20 oC) the GR D10 were 0.28 and 0.36 kGy, respectively. The UV-C D10 of UPEC in chicken suspended in exudate and placed on stainless steel and plastic food contact surfaces ranged from 11.4 to 12.9 mJ/cm2. UV-C inactivated ca. 0.6 log of UPEC on chicken breast meat. These results indicate that existing nonthermal processing technologies such as HPP, GR, and UV-C can significantly reduce UPEC levels in poultry meat or exudate and provide safer poultry products for at-risk consumers.
Application of Luminex liquichip in microbial multiple detection

As a new biological chip technology,liquichip with different fluorescent microspheres as reaction and signal detection carrier,flow cytometry as optical detection means,achieves multiple detection of protein,nucleic acid and other biological macromolecular in liquid phase reaction system. It not only keeps the high-throughput characteristic of biological chip,and with the advantages of high speed,low cost,high accuracy,good repeatability,high sensitivity,wide linear range,without washing and simple operation. In this paper,the principle,characteristics and its application in microbial multiple detection of disease prevention and control institutions of this technological are reviewed.
New Advances in Measuring Hydrogen Bonding Dynamics

Novel picosecond infrared tag-and-probe techniques reveal association-dissociation rates and conserved vibrational excitation during solution-phase hydrogen-bond formation reactions of 1:1 acid-base complexes in dilute (≈0.1 mol/dm3 acid) room temperature CC14 solution. From these measurements, details of diffusional interactions, equilibrium reaction rates and vibrational excitation transfer during hydrogen-bond formation are revealed.
Carcinosarcoma of the prostate: report of a case with ultrastructural observations.

AbstractA carcinosarcoma of the prostate was examined by light and electron microscopy. The epithelial component was comprised of adenosquamous carcinoma. The stromal component demonstrated osseous and cartilaginous differentiation, and appeared mesenchymal by fine structure analysis Despite aggressive therapy the patient died with disseminated disease 5 months after diagnosis.
The effects of adoption openness and type on the mental health, delinquency, and family relationships of adopted youth

ABSTRACTAnalyzing the 2007 National Survey of Adoptive Parents, this study examines the impact of open adoption, demographics, and other factors on adopted children’s mental health, delinquent behavior, and family relationships. Specifically, we compare findings for youth in private and public (i.e., foster care) adoptions and identify key similarities and differences between predictors of children’s well-being across these two types of adoption. We find that youth in open foster care adoptions are more likely to receive an attachment disorder diagnosis than those in closed foster care adoptions but are also more likely to have family relationships characterized by trust and adoptive parents’ willingness to recommend adoption to others. Further, we find children in both public and private adoptions who are older at placement are more likely to have posttraumatic stress disorder diagnoses. For children in private adoptions, no statistically significant predictors affected youths’ delinquency outcomes or fa...
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma: An Extremely Rare Entity Presenting in a Child

An entity first described by Dahlin and Beabout in 1971, dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is now known to be one of the most malignant bone tumors that exists. While comprising only 1%-2% of all primary bone lesions, the mean survival period after diagnosis is usually less than 2 years. DDCS is a disease most commonly manifested …
Genetic Markers Predict Primary Non-Response and Durable Response to Anti-TNF Biologic Therapies in Crohn’s Disease

Genetic Markers Predict Primary Non-Response and Durable Response To Anti-TNF Biologic Therapies in Crohn’s Disease
Integer Lattice Dynamics for Vlasov-Poisson

We revisit the integer lattice (IL) method to numerically solve the Vlasov-Poisson equations, and show that a slight variant of the method is a very easy, viable, and efficient numerical approach to study the dynamics of self-gravitating, collisionless systems. The distribution function lives in a discretized lattice phase-space, and each time-step in the simulation corresponds to a simple permutation of the lattice sites. Hence, the method is Lagrangian, conservative, and fully time-reversible. IL complements other existing methods, such as N-body/particle mesh (computationally efficient, but affected by Monte-Carlo sampling noise and two-body relaxation) and finite volume (FV) direct integration schemes (expensive, accurate but diffusive). We also present improvements to the FV scheme, using a moving mesh approach inspired by IL, to reduce numerical diffusion and the time-step criterion. Being a direct integration scheme like FV, IL is memory limited (memory requirement for a full 3D problem scales as N^6, where N is the resolution per linear phase-space dimension). However, we describe a new technique for achieving N^4 scaling. The method offers promise for investigating the full 6D phase-space of collisionless systems of stars and dark matter.
Measuring Uncertainty and Risk in Cims Environments

Abstract While Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS) provide promises of great flexibility to meet the challenges of manufacturing businesses today and in the future, investments in this capability are often very large. Those investments also involve considerable uncertainties and potential risks. This article describes some analytical approaches to making quantitative descriptions of uncertainty and measuring profitabilities of proposed ventures and their potential risks. Recommended measures of risk include loss integrals, partial means, and others. These measures of risk can be subtracted from overall expected profitabilities to describe riskless profitabilities. Also, these measures of risk aid in determining venture acceptabilities either without or with some degrees of indemnity.
Preparatory Journalism: The College Newspaper as a Pedagogical Tool:

This study utilizes a national survey of college newspaper advisers to assess the internal workings of the college newspaper and its value as a pedagogical tool. It finds significant differences be...
Progress on Powertrain Verification Challenge with C2E2

In this paper, we present the progress we have made in verifying the benchmark powertrain control systems introduced in the last ARCH workshop. We implemented the algorithm reported in [8] in the hybrid system verification tool C2E2 for automatically computing local discrepancy (rate of convergence or divergence of trajectories). We created Stateflow translations of the original models to aid the processing using C2E2 tool. We also had to encode the different driver behaviors in the form of state machines. With these customizations, we have been successful in verifying one of the easier (but still challenging) benchmarks from the powertrain suite. In this paper, we present some of the engineering challenges and describe the artifacts we created in the process. 1 The Powertrain Benchmarks The benchmark suite of powertrain control systems were published in [10,9] as challenge problems for hybrid system verification. The suite has a set of SimulinkTM models with increasing levels of sophistication and fidelity. At a high-level, all the models take inputs from a driver (throttle angle) and the environment (sensor failures), and define the dynamics of the engine. The key controlled quantity is the air to fuel ratio which in turn influences the emissions, the fuel efficiency, and torque generated. The first model (model 1) is the most complex. It has look-up tables, delayed differential equations, and switches. Models 2 and 3 are simpler but still complicated enough for most hybrid verifcation tools. Model 3 is a hybrid automaton with polynomial differential equations and continuously computed control inputs, and Model 2 is similar but with nonlinear differential equations and both continuous and discretely sampled variables. The requirements for the system are stated in signal temporal logic (STL). A typical property, for example, 3t(x ∈ [xeq − , xeq + ]), states that after t units of time, the continuous variable x is within the range xeq ± . ? The results reported here have beed submitted for peer-review, however, this paper presents several technical details and artifacts for the first time. We thank Jim Kapinski, Jyotirmoy Deshmukh, and Xiaoqing Jin of Toyota for several useful discussions on the powertrain models. This research is funded by research grants from the National Science Foundation (grant: CAR 1054247 and NSF CSR 1016791) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR YIP FA9550-12-1-0336).
Non-standard crossover for a standard representation--commonality-based feature subset selection

The Commonality-Based Crossover Framework has been presented as a general model for designing problem specific operators. Following this model, the Common Features/Random Sample Climbing operator has been developed for feature subset selection--a binary string optimization problem. Although this problem should be an ideal application for genetic algorithms with standard crossover operators, experiments show that the new operator can find better feature subsets for classifier training.
Metabolomics Approaches in Toxicology

Abstract Metabolomics is the study of small-molecule metabolites in cells, biofluids, tissues, and organisms. The pattern of changes in metabolite profile within a biological sample can provide insight into living organisms’ response to disease, genetic differences, or the exposome. First used to characterize biofluids by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, metabolomics is increasingly being used for a variety of toxicological applications, including characterizing the response of organisms to various exposures, drug safety assessment, and large-scale epidemiological studies. This chapter describes the historical development of metabolomics, the general differences between targeted and global metabolomics, considerations for study design and sample preparation, common types of instrumentation used to analyze samples, and data analysis. Data analysis covers the process from raw data extraction, data pretreatment steps, data visualization, and statistical analyses, to metabolite identification. The chapter concludes with a case series of different types of metabolomics studies with acetaminophen. As with other omic sciences, such as genomics and proteomics, metabolomics can be challenging. Nonetheless, metabolomics is a powerful tool which may increase the knowledge of how metabolites are altered in living organisms in response to exposures, mechanisms of toxicity, biomarkers of toxic effects, and can be used in developing models for toxicity prediction.
The narcissistic manager, avoidant organization, and interruptions in organizational learning

This paper describes how Avoidant Organization Disorder, a common form of narcissism, thwarts organizational health and performance. Avoidant Organization Disorder is juxtaposed with interruptions in organizational learning. A model illustrating the possible relationship between the two and how Avoidant Organization Disorder may precipitate interruptions in organization learning is presented.
Music Culture and Digital Technology

This chapter reconceptualizes the nature of the artist–audience relationship. Examination of technology’s impact on audience’s reception of artists is investigated through its potential democratization and freedom, along with how audiences negotiate challenges related to music access, content, and selection. Dialectical tensions related to cooperation and competition inform music-related consumptive habits as audiences make sense of digital technology and incorporate it more fully into their everyday lives. Transparency and relatability emerge as key concepts that are vital to music communities’ sustainability. Additionally, online activities focused on digital and social elements, as well as in-person activities, focused on live music and social gatherings, are examined to illuminate contemporary audience consumptive practices.
Supply management concepts in local government: Four case studies

The purpose of the article is to examine the factors that either foster or impede adoption of supply-chain management processes by public sector organizations, as well as to identify the potential benefits that can be achieved by local governments through the use of the supply chain framework. Case study findings suggest that in order for supply chain management innovation to occur in the public sector a number of factors must be addressed, including the willingness to invest in information technology; identifying opportunities for procurement to transition from a control to a support function; seeking to partner organizational expertise with vendor expertise; the ability to identify crucial supplies and strategic issues that add value to the organization; and to innovate incrementally. Results suggest that the adoption of a supply chain perspective can yield innovative procurement techniques.
Response of Tifway bermudagrass and tall fescue turfgrasses to preemergence herbicides

Abstract It is important that preemergence herbicides used for annual weed control in warm- and cool-season turf not injure the desired turfgrass species. A field experiment was conducted for two years to determine the tolerance of Tifway bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy x C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] and K-31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to preemergence herbicides. Herbicides were applied at recommended (1X) and twice the recommended (2X) rates. Prodiamine (Barricade) at ≤ 1.6 kg/ha (≤ 1.5 lb/A), butralin (EXP 30910A and EXP 31068A) at ≤ 11.2 kg/ha (≤ 10.1 lb/A), pendimethalin (Pre M and Weedgrass Control) at 3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A), and dithiopyr EC (Dimension) at 0.8 kg/ha (0.75 lb/A) on February 24 did not reduce the quality or shoot density of Tifway bermudagrass. Tifway bermudagrass injured by oxadiazon (Ronstar) ≥ 4.5 kg/ha (≥ 4.0 lb/A) recovered by late April to early May, while turf treated with oxyfluorfen plus oryzalin (Rout) at 2.2 +1.1 kg/ha (2.0 +1.0 lb/A) recovered by la...
The Role of Illicit Drug Use in Sudden In-Custody Death

A substantial portion of all the deaths reviewed by medical examiners and coroners relates to the use of cocaine and other illicit drugs (1). Not surprisingly, because of the illegality of these substances, many of these individuals die while in the custody of law enforcement. In fact, forensic pathologists have often divided these drug-related custody deaths into four different categories: (a) death during arrest and transport or soon thereafter; (b) death within 12 hours of arrest: (c) death after 12 hours, but within a few days to weeks; and (d) death after days to weeks of incarceration (2). Death within 12 hours of arrest is commonly associated with massive drug overdose, such as can occur with smugglers who conceal drugs within body cavities, an act that is known as “body packing.” Deaths that occur days to weeks or longer after incarceration can be associated with drug withdrawal or other natural causes related to drug use (2).
Women in Medicine

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper. It seems that most individuals regardless of gender, race or ethnicity are in a constant rat race to keep up with the demands of modern day society and be as successful as possible. Looking at a college population, everyone has high goals and ambitions and is hoping to be the best in the field they enter. However, women are faced with the dilemma of what to do when life puts another barrier up around us. Women have gained the access to equality of education that we hoped for and are graduating in equal number with men (The Mommy Mystique), but society continues to put up barriers around women based on stereotypes that are deeply engrained into our psyche (Chodorow, 200). Being interested in the medical field, I chose to look at women who have transformed the face of medicine and consider how they have overcome the barriers society placed. From being able to enter medical school, balancing family life with the demands of a medical career, to outcompeting their male coworkers for higher jobs these women have done it all, but this has not come without hardship. Women in medicine have faced challenges and stigmas put in place by society and have given hope to many that these challenges can be overcome. This article is available in The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur/vol13/iss1/6
The role of neurotensin in vulnerability for self‐injurious behaviour: studies in a rodent model

Background Self-injurious behaviour is a debilitating characteristic that is commonly expressed in people with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, but the neurobiological basis of this maladaptive behaviour is not understood. Abnormal dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated, especially in relation to basal ganglia and mesocorticolimbic circuits. As neurotensin is an important modulator of dopamine and glutamate in these circuits, we investigated its potential role in vulnerability for self-injury, using the pemoline model in rats. Methods Male Long-Evans rats were injected once daily with the psychostimulant pemoline or peanut oil vehicle on each of five consecutive days. Self-injury was quantified by measuring the area of injuries for each rat on each day of the experiment. Each brain was harvested on the sixth day, and the striatum and ventral tegmentum were dissected. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was quantified by radioimmunoassay from the dissected brain regions of some of the rats. Membrane and intracellular neurotensin receptor NTS1 were assayed from the striata of the remaining pemoline-treated or vehicle-treated rats by Western blot. In an additional experiment, male Long-Evans rats were treated with daily injections of vehicle or pemoline, and the NTS1 neurotensin receptor agonist PD149163 or the NTS1 receptor antagonist SR48692 (or respective vehicle solutions) was co-administered twice daily throughout the pemoline treatment regimen. The areas of injured tissue were measured, and the duration of self-injurious oral contact was quantified by video-recorded time samples throughout each day. Results Striatal neurotensin immunoreactivity was found to be significantly higher in pemoline-treated than in vehicle-treated rats. Moreover, both membrane-bound and intracellular levels of NTS1 receptor were significantly higher in the striata of pemoline-treated rats than in the striata of the vehicle-treated controls. When the NTS1 receptor agonist PD149163 was co-administered during the pemoline treatment regimen, it prolonged the daily durations of self-injurious oral contact and increased the severity of the injuries in the self-injurious rats. Conversely, co-administration of the NTS1 receptor antagonist SR48692 diminished the daily durations of self-injurious oral contact and decreased the severity of the injuries. Conclusions The elevation of striatal neurotensin immunoreactivity during pemoline treatment, coupled with the effects of the NTS1 agonist and antagonist, suggests that neurotensin transmission in the striatum may be an important modulator of self-injurious behaviour in the pemoline model. Overall, the convergence of the behavioural and biochemical findings suggests that neurotensin signalling could be an important target for pharmacotherapeutic interventions for self-injurious behaviour.
In-vivo 3-Dimensional gait symmetry analysis in patients with bilateral total hip arthroplasty

Abstract Although three-dimensional (3D) asymmetry has been reported in unilateral THA patients during gait, it is not well understood whether asymmetric hip kinematics during gait persist in bilaterally operated THA patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vivo 3D kinematics and component placement between bilateral and unilateral THA patients during gait. Eight bilateral and thirty-three unilateral THA patients were evaluated for both hips during treadmill gait using a validated combination of 3D computer tomography-based modeling and dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS). The in vivo 3D kinematics of the unilateral THA group was first assessed. The magnitudes of kinematics and component placement difference between implanted hips in the bilateral THA group and between the implanted and non-implanted hips in the unilateral THA group were compared. The study results showed asymmetric gait kinematics in the unilateral THA group. Although the magnitude of kinematics differences between sides for both the bilateral and unilateral THA groups did not change significantly for hip rotations (p > 0.05), the bilaterally operated THA group has significantly lower magnitude of hip gait translation difference. Significant reduction in the magnitude of the acetabular cup adduction, stem adduction, and combine hip anteversion and adduction difference was observed in the bilateral THA group (p
Abstract 2737: Does androgen attenuation of PD-L1 expression in thyroid cancer modulate disease incidence

Thyroid cancer (ThCa) is the most rapidly increasing cancer in the US with 56,870 new cases expected in 2017. Interestingly, there is a disparity in incidence between females and males, with women developing ThCa three times more often than men. Immune elimination of nascent tumor cells may explain the difference in disease incidence between sexes. To address this hypothesis, the effect of androgen on immune checkpoint molecule expression in an androgen responsive-thyroid cancer cell line was examined. The undifferentiated ThCa cell line, 8505C, was transfected with androgen receptor (AR) yielding 84E7, a clone that constitutively expresses AR. RNASeq was performed on 8505C and 84E7, treated without and with the AR ligand, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). PD-L1 was the sole immune checkpoint molecule that exhibited a significant expression change with a 72% reduction in mRNA content. Additional studies provided evidence of qualitative (immunofluorescence) and quantitative (flow cytometry, western blotting) DHT-mediated decreases in PD-L1 expression, with the PD-L1 decreases being both time- and dose-dependent. To further confirm that the effect was specific to AR and PD-L1, we pre-treated 84E7 with flutamide, a selective AR antagonist, to pharmacologically inhibit DHT-mediated AR signaling. This resulted in a dose-dependent and >90% restoration of cell surface PD-L1 expression, evidencing a definitive link between AR activation and PD-L1 signaling. Preliminary investigation into the mechanistic link between AR and PD-L1 shows that NFkB signaling is the likely intermediary. AR activation increases IkBα expression thereby preventing NFkB translocation into the nucleus, resulting in decreased PD-L1 transcription. Furthermore, in human tissue samples from TCGA (n=55), we found female thyroid tissue is significantly enriched with PD-L1 as compared to male thyroid tissue (p=0.0073). Finally, an inverse relationship exists in which AR expression is decreased and PD-L1 expression is increased in human thyroid tumor tissue samples as compared to normal thyroid tissue samples in both TCGA (n=55, p Citation Format: Timmy J. O9Connell, Anvita Gupta, Melanie Jones, Tali Lando, Deya Jourdy, Edward Shin, Augustine Moscatello, Raj Tiwari, Jan Geliebter. Does androgen attenuation of PD-L1 expression in thyroid cancer modulate disease incidence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2737.
An evolutionary perspective on winning, losing, and acceptance: The Development of the Defeat, Victory, and Acceptance Scale (DVAS)

Abstract From an evolutionary perspective, the level of defeat and victory associated with various events, and the ability to accept defeat, may be particularly important in determining life satisfaction and psychopathology. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduate students completed the Defeat, Victory, and Acceptance Scale (DVAS), along with measures of life satisfaction, anxiety, perceived stress, and an existing life events measure. Defeat was related to greater anxiety and stress, and lower levels of life satisfaction. Scores on the DVAS significantly predicted these outcomes, over and above a commonly used life events measure. Over two weeks, scores on the DVAS predicted changes in life satisfaction, perceived stress, and anxiety. Study 2 investigated the relationship between acceptance of defeat and various attachment styles. Individuals with a secure attachment style were found to accept defeat to a greater extent and were less likely to experience involuntary subordination and depression. Those with a fearful attachment style were less able to accept defeat and were more likely to experience involuntary subordination and depression. The studies demonstrated that rather than focusing solely on perceived stress in relation to life events, future research may benefit from taking into account defeat (and its acceptance) as well as victory.
Survival outcomes by high-risk human papillomavirus status in nonoropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: A propensity-scored analysis of the National Cancer Data Base

BACKGROUND The prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in patients with nonoropharyngeal (OPX) squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the head and neck is controversial. In the current study, the authors evaluated the impact of high-risk HPV status on overall survival (OS) in patients with non-OPX SCC using a large database approach. METHODS The National Cancer Data Base was queried to identify patients diagnosed from 2004 through 2014 with SCC of the OPX, hypopharynx (HPX), larynx, and oral cavity (OC) with known HPV status. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods; distributions were compared using log-rank tests. Propensity score-matching and inverse probability of treatment weighing (IPTW) methods were used; cohorts were matched based on age, sex, Charlson-Deyo score, clinical American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) group stage, treatments received, and anatomic subsite. Propensity analyses were stratified by group stage of disease. RESULTS A total of 24,740 patients diagnosed from 2010 through 2013 were analyzed: 1085 patients with HPX, 4804 with laryngeal, 4,018 with OC, and 14,833 with OPX SCC. The percentages of HPV-positive cases by disease site were 17.7% for HPX, 11% for larynx, 10.6% for OC, and 62.9% for OPX. HPV status was found to be prognostic in multiple unadjusted and propensity-adjusted non-OPX populations. HPV positivity was associated with superior OS in patients with HPX SCC with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.61 (P < .001 by IPTW), in patients with AJCC stage III to IVB laryngeal SCC (HR, 0.79; P = .019 by IPTW), and in patients with AJCC stage III to IVB OC SCC (HR, 0.78; P = .03 by IPTW). CONCLUSIONS Positive high-risk HPV status appears to be associated with longer OS in multiple populations of patients with non-OPX head and neck disease (HPX, locally advanced larynx, and OC). If prospectively validated, these findings have implications for risk stratification.
Enhancing Engagement with Faculty and Staff to Facilitate Student Success: An Evaluation of a Parent Intervention.

Many low-income and first-generation students who enroll in college experience less desirable outcomes during their first year. Researchers have increasingly investigated the important role of coll...
Rivalidad, afecto y violencia inspirada por la religión: una crítica de René Girard y Jonathan Sacks.

A pressing issue of our day –religiously inspired violence in places where Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are dominant faiths– is an ideal focal point for considering psychoanalysis in relation to mimetic theory. Rabbi Jonathan Sacks’ book Not in God’s Name: Confronting Religious Violence (Sacks, 2017) proves highly instructive in the context of such an exploration. In his perspicacious application of Girard, Sacks distills the significance of mimetic theory for understanding religiously inspired violence.
University of California 4-H Latino Initiative: Experiences of Bicultural and Bilingual Staff

We report data from the first year of an initiative to engage Latino youth and families in the 4-H Youth Development Program, managed by the University of California. Through qualitative questionnaires and focus group interviews, we analyzed experiences of 6 new bilingual and bicultural program staff, hired specifically to implement youth development programming to reach Latino youth. Staff reported a steep learning curve, with competing demands to build relationships, engage youth, and show results. Lessons learned may help shape activities that other youth development programs may consider in similar efforts.
Mechanisms of Interplay between Transcription Factors and the 3D Genome

Transcription factors (TFs) bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner and thereby serve as the protein anchors and determinants of 3D genome organization. Conversely, chromatin conformation shapes TF activity, for example, by looping TF-bound enhancers to distally located target genes. Despite considerable effort, our understanding of the mechanistic relation between TFs and 3D genome organization remains limited, in large part due to this interdependency. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the diverse mechanisms by which TFs and their activity shape the 3D genome and vice versa. We further highlight outstanding questions and potential approaches for untangling the complex relation between TF activity and the 3D genome.
Pulmonary nodular and cystic light chain deposition disease: A retrospective review of 10 cases.

Abstract Introduction Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) rarely involves the lungs. We report clinical and radiologic findings of pulmonary LCDD. Methods We retrospectively identified patients with biopsy-proven pulmonary LCDD seen at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) from January 1997 through December 2018. Demographic, clinical, and imaging features were analyzed. Results We identified 10 patients with pulmonary LCDD (median age at diagnosis, 55 years; range, 39–77 years). Eight patients were women and 7 were never-smokers. Dyspnea (n = 3) and chest pain (n = 3) were the most common respiratory symptoms. Associated conditions included Sjogren syndrome (n = 6), sarcoidosis (n = 1), and limited scleroderma (n = 1). Eight patients had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Among the 9 patients with chest computed tomography (CT) images, 8 (89%) had cysts. Cysts were predominantly distributed in the lower lung and were round or oval. All patients had multiple cysts (5 patients had 1-5 cysts, 3 had >20 cysts). The median diameter of the largest cyst was 18 mm (range, 5–68 mm). All 9 patients had solid nodules (3 had >10 nodules). Five patients had subsolid nodules. The median diameter of the largest solid nodules was 13 mm (range, 6–26 mm). Positron emission tomography–CT images were available for 8 patients. The median maximum standardized uptake value of the most avid pulmonary nodule was 2.2 (range, 1.9–6.0). Two patients died during a median follow-up of 2.3 years (range, 0.5–9.9 years). Conclusions Pulmonary LCDD is characterized by cysts and nodules. The disease is associated with MALT lymphoma, especially in the setting of Sjogren syndrome.
Carlitz and the general 3φ2

In a letter dated March 3, 1971, L. Carlitz defined a sequence of polynomials, Φ n (a,b; x, y; z), generalizing the Al-Salam & Carlitz polynomials, but closely related thereto. He concluded the letter by stating: “It would be of interest to find properties of Φ n (a, b; x, y; z) when all the parameters are free.” In this paper, we reproduce the Carlitz letter and show how a study of Carlitz’s polynomials leads to a clearer understanding of the general 3Φ2 (a, b, c; d; e; q, z).
A natural single-guide RNA repurposes Cas9 to autoregulate CRISPR-Cas expression.

Summary CRISPR-Cas systems provide prokaryotes with acquired immunity against viruses and plasmids, but how these systems are regulated to prevent autoimmunity is poorly understood. Here, we show that in the S. pyogenes CRISPR-Cas system, a long-form transactivating CRISPR RNA (tracr-L) folds into a natural single guide that directs Cas9 to transcriptionally repress its own promoter (Pcas). Further, we demonstrate that Pcas serves as a critical regulatory node. De-repression causes a dramatic 3,000-fold increase in immunization rates against viruses; however, heightened immunity comes at the cost of increased autoimmune toxicity. Using bioinformatic analyses, we provide evidence that tracrRNA-mediated autoregulation is widespread in type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems. Collectively, we unveil a new paradigm for the intrinsic regulation of CRISPR-Cas systems by natural single guides, which may facilitate the frequent horizontal transfer of these systems into new hosts that have not yet evolved their own regulatory strategies.
Mitigating bullying–delinquency risk with parental support and knowledge: testing a three-way interaction

Purpose: The current study was designed to extend the results of an earlier study in which parental support was found to moderate the prospective relationship between bullying perpetration and subs...
Large array fabrication of high performance monolayer MoS2 photodetectors

Large array fabrication of high quality photodetectors derived from synthetically grown monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides is highly desired and important for a wide range of nanophotonic applications. We present here large array fabrication of monolayer MoS2 photodetectors on sapphire substrates through an efficient process, which includes growing large scale monolayer MoS2 via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and multi-step optical lithography for device patterning and high quality metal electrode fabrication. In every measured device, we observed the following universal features: (i) negligible dark current ( Idark≤10 fA), (ii) sharp peaks in photocurrent at ∼1.9 eV and ∼2.1 eV attributable to the optical transitions due to band edge excitons, and (iii) a rapid onset of photocurrent above ∼2.5 eV peaked at ∼2.9 eV due to an excitonic absorption originating from the van Hove singularity of MoS2. We observe a low (≤300%) device-to-device variation of photoresponsivity. Furthermore, we observe a very fast DC time response of ∼0.5 ms, which is two orders of magnitude faster than other reported CVD grown 1L-MoS2 based photodetectors. The combination of large-array device fabrication, high sensitivity, and high speed offers great potential for applications in photonics.
Natural Analogues: Their Application to the Prediction of the Long-Term Behavior of Nuclear Waste Forms

One of the unique and scientifically most difficult aspects of nuclear waste isolation is the extrapolation ofshot-term laboratory data (hours to years) to the long time periods (103-105 years) required by regulatory agencies for performance assessment. The direct verification of these extrapolations is not possible, but methods must be developed to demonstrate compliance with government regulations and to satisfy the lay public that there is a demonstrable and reasonable basis for accepting the long-term extrapolations. Natural analogues of both the repository environment (e.g. radionuclide migration at Oklo) and nuclear waste form behavior (e.g. alteration of basaltic glasses and radiation damage in minerals) have been used to demonstrate the long-term behavior of large scale geologic systems and, on a smaller scale, waste form durability. This paper reviews the use of natural analogues to predict the long-term behavior of nuclear waste form glasses. Particular emphasis is placed on the inherent limitations of any conclusions that are based on “proof” by analogy. An example -- corrosion of borosilicate glass -- is discussed in detail with specific attention to the proper and successful use of natural analogues (basaltic glass) in understanding the long-term corrosion behavior of borosilicate glass.
Reexamining the Link between Parental Knowledge and Delinquency: Unpacking the Influence of Adolescents’ and Parents’ Perceptions

Parents’ and their children’s perceptions of how much parents know about the child’s activities outside parental presence (parental knowledge) are important for understanding delinquency. Yet, conceptual and methodological deficiencies in prior research may limit this understanding. Reexamining how these perceptions affect delinquency, we find that contrary to conventional wisdom: (1) adolescent and parent perceptions of parental knowledge impact delinquency jointly rather than independently and (2) the protective effect of adolescent perceptions weakens as parent perceptions increase. Specifically, when parental perceptions are strongest, the delinquency inhibiting effect of adolescent perceptions is offset, which may result from stress of parents’ monitoring efforts.
A PSO Based Control Strategy for Combined Emission Economic Dispatch with Integrated Renewables

Combined emission economic dispatch with the effective integration of renewable energy sources for a power system is a unique problem with various challenges. The increasing integration into the power grid of renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar, is becoming more prevalent and this trend is expected to continue. However, the intermittent behaviour of these renewable energy sources poses a significant challenge for power systems in terms of dispatchability and the ability to maintain stable grid operation. We propose and implement a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based technique to control each independent region of a power system. The PSO control strategy will coordinate and schedule the renewable energy resources (wind and solar) and conventional generators for each region. A cost function is optimized, and the operating cost for the power system is calculated based on the fitness of each particle. All proposed strategies and algorithms are implemented using MATLAB and validated using the IEEE-39 bus system model.
Automated Software Compiler Techniques to Provide Fault Tolerance for Real-Time Operating Systems

In this work we explore applying automated software fault-tolerance techniques to protect a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) and present experimental results showing that these programs can achieve anywhere from 1.3x-257x improvement in MWTF.
BlueSync: Time Synchronization in Bluetooth Low Energy with Energy Efficient Calculations

Time synchronization is one of the important services in wireless sensor networks (WSN), and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the wireless protocols that has drawn a lot of attention recently, with applications in Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor fusion. Although, non-connectable beacons are the most energy efficient advertising mode of BLE, no synchronization service is defined for them in the BLE standard. Here, we present BlueSync, a BLE compatible time synchronization protocol, which uses beacons for data transfer. As part of this study, we investigate the trade-offs between energy efficiency, synchronization error and speed by considering different drift-management methods and various synchronization packet configurations. Additionally, we propose Discrete Adjustment technique that can improve energy efficiency in calculating timer-ticks updates up to 15x without sacrificing accuracy. BlueSync is implemented on two commercial BLE System-on-Chips, and tested in 10-minute long sessions without any re-synchronization. Experimental results show that, depending on the settings, BlueSync can achieve average synchronization errors as low as 320 ns per 60 s (single hop), and is the most accurate time synchronization reported on BLE to date.
The Influence of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism In The MatrixMetalloproteinase-1 Promoter on Glioma Biology

THE INFLUENCE OF A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM IN THE MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1 PROMOTER ON GLIOMA BIOLOGY Jessica McCready A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for ,the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006 Director: Helen L. Fillmore, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Neurosurgery, Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Glioblastomas are an incurable type of brain tumor with a mean survival time of 9-12 months following diagnosis. One of the reasons for this poor prognosis is the ability of tumor cells to invade the surrounding normal brain tissue. Enzymes responsible for this invasive nature include the matrix metalloproteinase family. MMP1 is a member of this family which has been well studied in many types of invasive ,tumors, with gliomas being an exception. We studied a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MMP-1 promoter that may influence glioma biology. This SNP consists of the presence (2G) or absence (1G) of a guanine nucleotide at position -1607. The additional guanine nucleotide creates a binding site for ETS transcription factors and combined with the AP-1 binding site at position -1602 creates a Ras Responsive Element. We determined that the distribution of the MMP-1 genotype differed significantly between the healthy population and the glioblastoma patient population, with the 2G/2G genotype more prevalent in the glioblastoma patients. In addition, MMP-1 mRNA and protein examined in a select group of patient tissue had significantly higher levels when compared to normal brain controls, however, there was no correlation with genotype. Promoter reporter assays indicated that the 2G promoter was approximately three times more active than the 1G promoter in three different glioma cell lines. We investigated potential signaling mechanisms responsible for increases in MMP-1 transcription due to the presence of the RAS responsive element. Treatment of glioma cell lines with hepatocyte growth factorlscatter factor (HGFISF) led to significant increases in MMP-1 transcription, via the MAP kinase ERK pathway. AP-1 transcription factor proteins, cJun and cFos were increased in response to HGF treatment but not Ets-1 and ETV-1. HGFISF treatment of glioma cell lines differing in their MMP-1 genotype affected binding of ETS and AP-1 proteins to the endogenous MMP-1 distal promoter. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we identified these differentially DNA-bound AP-1 and ETS proteins. The data presented indicate that the MMP-1 SNP (-1607) is important in glioma biology and may contribute to tumor function and future investigations into its role in glioma biology is warranted. Chapter
Reactive oxygen species are involved in BMP-induced dendritic growth in cultured rat sympathetic neurons

Previous studies have shown that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons; however, the downstream signaling molecules that mediate the dendrite promoting activity of BMPs are not well characterized. Here we test the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling links BMP receptor activation to dendritic growth. In cultured rat sympathetic neurons, exposure to any of the three mechanistically distinct antioxidants, diphenylene iodinium (DPI), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NGA) or desferroxamine (DFO), blocked de novo BMP-induced dendritic growth. Addition of DPI to cultures previously induced with BMP to extend dendrites caused dendritic retraction while DFO and NGA prevented further growth of dendrites. The inhibition of the dendrite promoting activity of BMPs by antioxidants was concentration-dependent and occurred without altering axonal growth or neuronal cell survival. Antioxidant treatment did not block BMP activation of SMAD 1,5 as determined by nuclear localization of these SMADs. While BMP treatment did not cause a detectable increase in intracellular ROS in cultured sympathetic neurons as assessed using fluorescent indicator dyes, BMP treatment increased the oxygen consumption rate in cultured sympathetic neurons as determined using the Seahorse XF24 Analyzer, suggesting increased mitochondrial activity. In addition, BMPs upregulated expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and either pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of NOX2 significantly decreased BMP-7 induced dendritic growth. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that ROS are involved in the downstream signaling events that mediate BMP7-induced dendritic growth in sympathetic neurons, and suggest that ROS-mediated signaling positively modulates dendritic complexity in peripheral neurons.