cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Framework for Alert Correlation and Understanding

We propose a novel framework named Hidden Colored Petri-Net for Alert Correlation and Understanding (HCPN-ACU) in intrusion detection system. This model is based upon the premise that intrusion detection may be viewed as an inference problem – in other words, we seek to show that system misusers are carrying out a sequence of steps to violate system security policies in some way, with earlier steps preparing for the later ones. In contrast with prior arts, we separate actions from observations and assume that the attacker’s actions themselves are unknown, but the attacker’s behavior may result in alerts. These alerts are then used to infer the attacker’s actions. We evaluate the model with DARPA evaluation database. We conclude that HCPN-ACU can conduct alert fusion and intention recognition at the same time, reduce false positives and negatives, and provide better understanding of the intrusion progress by introducing confidence scores.
Yesterday and Tomorrow: Development of Early Understanding of the Terms

Since young children talk mainly about present events, it is interesting to consider how they come to understand the meaning of such words as yesterday and tomorrow that refer to the nonobservable past and future. Acquisition of the meaning of linguistic forms is a gradual process. Research of the past decade has provided information and insight into many aspects of the acquisition process. A still unresolved issue is the relative importance of the child's interaction with his environment and of some partially predetermined unfolding of linguistic structure and knowledge. Werner (Note 1) assigned a primary role to the child's interaction with his environment and to the child's hypotheses about relations in his surroundings. Werner suggested that when young children first use the words yesterday and tomorrow, both terms seem to refer to a nonpresent time. He observed that initially the terms were used as if they were interchangeable in meaning. Such usage might have resulted from the children's primitive hypotheses about the existence of nonpresent times.
Localizing a Control Region in the Pathway to Leukotriene C4 Secretion Following Stimulation of Human Basophils with Anti-IgE Antibody

Mediator release from human basophils is a self-limited process, but down-regulation of the signaling cascades leading to secretion of leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4 ) is controlled independently of the pathway leading to IL-4 secretion. In the current studies, we have explored the regulation of upstream signaling events leading to activation of extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs; previously shown to be required for LTC 4 generation) in human basophils. IgE-, but not FMLP-mediated activation, induced sustained tyrosine phosphorylation of syk , of shc , and an association of shc to the Grb2/son of sevenless 2 complex. In contrast, IgE-mediated activation resulted in transient activation of p21 ras and mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase 1, which were kinetically associated with phosphorylation of ERKs. The canonical Shc/Grb2/son of sevenless pathway to activation of p21 ras is therefore sustained, while p21 ras activity is not. We have previously shown that phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity is required for p21 ras activity and, in the current studies, we show that of the p85-sensitive forms of p110 possible, basophils express only p110 δ and that there are no changes in association between p21 ras and p110 δ in stimulated basophils. We used the generation of phospho-Akt as a marker of the presence of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and found that phospho-Akt is transient on a time scale consistent with p21 ras activity. On the basis of information obtained in these and other studies, we localize down-regulation of IgE-mediated LTC 4 secretion to a region of the signaling cascade antecedent to p21 ras activation, downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase activity and probably involving regulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate levels.
Models of Physician–Patient Relationships in Pharmaceutical Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and Consumer Interviews

The rise of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has mirrored, if not facilitated, the shift toward more active health care consumers. We used content analysis to identify models of physician-patient interaction in DTCA from the 1997 to 2006 issues of a broad sample of women's, men's, and common readership magazines. We also conducted 36 in-depth interviews to examine the ways consumers receive and regard advertising messages, and to explore their preferences for clinical communication and decision making. We identified four models of physician-patient relationships that vary in their locus of control (physician, patient, or shared) and the form of support sought or obtained in the relationship (emotional or instrumental). Whereas consumer interviews reflected references to all four models of interaction, only two appeared in DTCA. The limited range of interactions seen in these advertisements creates a lack of congruity between interaction styles found in advertisements vs. styles reported by actual consumers.
Avifaunal responses to fire in southwestern montane forests along a burn severity gradient.

The effects of burn severity on avian communities are poorly understood, yet this information is crucial to fire management programs. To quantify avian response patterns along a burn severity gradient, we sampled 49 random plots (2001–2002) at the 17 351-ha Cerro Grande Fire (2000) in New Mexico, USA. Additionally, pre-fire avian surveys (1986–1988, 1990) created a unique opportunity to quantify avifaunal changes in 13 pre-fire transects (resampled in 2002) and to compare two designs for analyzing the effects of unplanned disturbances: after-only analysis and before–after comparisons. Distance analysis was used to calculate densities. We analyzed after-only densities for 21 species using gradient analysis, which detected a broad range of responses to increasing burn severity: (I) large significant declines, (II) weak, but significant declines, (III) no significant density changes, (IV) peak densities in low- or moderate-severity patches, (V) weak, but significant increases, and (VI) large significant incr...
Character virtues in psychiatric practice.

The character-focused approach known as virtue ethics is especially well suited to understanding and promoting ethical psychiatric practice. Virtues are stable dispositions and responses attributed to character, and a virtue-based ethics is one in which people's selves or characters are at the center of moral assessment. In this discussion by a clinician and a philosopher, clinical scenarios using exchanges and inner monologue illustrate key aspects of virtues. Virtues are acquired through habituation; they are habits of mind as much as behavior; they are as a group heterogeneous, and individually composite; they involve affective responses; they are not impartial; they are compatible with the “role morality” required of professionals; they are responses to particular temptations and weaknesses; and they include, in the capacity for practical judgment known as phronesis, a way of resolving many of the conflicts and dilemmas that arise in practice. The virtue approach to ethics will likely be most useful i...
Computer Literacy and the Accuracy of Substance Use Reporting in an ACASI Survey

In recent years, audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI) have been demonstrated to increase and presumably improve the quality of drug reporting in epidemiologic research. Surprisingly little research is available, however, regarding the potential limitations of this technique. For example, it is unclear what effects computer literacy may have on the validity of substance use information collected via ACASI. Respondents with limited computer skills may become distracted by the automated technology, requiring the devotion of considerable cognitive effort to the navigation of unfamiliar computer equipment and software that would otherwise be available for use to more carefully process and answer survey questions. In this study, we report findings from a community ACASI survey conducted in Chicago, which are used to address this problem. Using multiple indicators of computer literacy, a covariance structure model was developed to test the hypothesis that persons with low computer literacy skills may report drug use with less accuracy. Biological assays were used to evaluate 30-day cocaine use reporting accuracy. Model findings confirmed a positive relationship between computer literacy and the accuracy of cocaine use reports. Future research should investigate strategies for improving the usability of self-administrated computer reporting systems for persons with little direct computer experience.
Cognitive Training in ADHD Children: Less to It Than Meets the Eye

This article reviews cognitive training studies that have been carried out with children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during the past decade. The efficacy of cognitive training as a single intervention and as an adjunct to stimulant treatment is discussed. The impact of training on the cognitive, academic, and behavioral functioning of youngsters with ADHD is summarized. Although this treatment modality is inherently appealing, there is little empirical support for its clinical utility with children with hyperactivity.
Foster Care Placement, Poor Parenting, and Negative Outcomes Among Homeless Young Adults

Although homeless youth with and without foster care histories both face adverse life circumstances, little is known about how these two groups compare in terms of their early histories and whether they face similar outcomes. As such, we compared those with and without a history of foster care placement to determine if the associations between a history of poor parenting and negative outcomes including depression, delinquency, physical and sexual victimization, and substance use, are similar for these two groups. The sample consisted of 172 homeless young adults from the Midwestern United States. Multivariate results revealed that among those previously in foster care, a history of physical abuse and neglect were positively associated with more depressive symptoms whereas sexual abuse and neglect were related to delinquency and physical victimization. Additionally, lower caretaker monitoring was linked to greater delinquent participation. Among those without a history of foster care, physical abuse was related to more depressive symptoms whereas sexual abuse was positively correlated with delinquency, sexual victimization, and substance use. Furthermore, lower monitoring was related to more substance use. Our findings are discussed in terms of a social stress framework and we review the implications of foster care placement for homeless young adults.
A Unified Prediction Method for Predicting Program Behavior

Dynamic management of computer resources is essential for adaptive computing. Adaptive computing systems rely on accurate and robust metric predictors to exploit runtime behavior of programs. In this study, we propose the Unified Prediction Method (UPM) that is system and metric independent for predicting computer metrics. Unlike ad hoc predictors, UPM uses a parametric model and is entirely statistical and data-driven. The parameters of the model are estimated by minimizing an objective function. Choice of the objective function and the model type determine the form of the solution whether it is closed form or numerically determined through optimization. In this study, two specific realizations of UPM are presented. The first realization uses mean squared error (MSE) objective function and the second realization uses accumulated squared error (ASE) objective function, in conjunction with autoregressive models. The former objective function leads to Linear Prediction and the latter leads to Predictive Least Square (PLS) prediction. The model parameters for these predictors can be estimated analytically. The prediction is optimal with respect to the chosen objective function. An extensive and rigorous series of prediction experiments for the instruction per cycle (IPC) and L1 cache miss (L1-miss) rate metrics demonstrate superior performance for the proposed predictors over the last-value predictor and table-based predictor on SPECCPU 2000 benchmarks.
Recipient body mass index and age interact to impact survival after heart transplantation.

Although recipient body mass index (BMI) and age are known risk factors for mortality after heart transplantation, how they interact to influence survival is unknown. Our study utilized the UNOS registry from 1997 to 2012 to define the interaction between BMI and age and its impact on survival after heart transplantation. Recipients were stratified by BMI: underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5-24.99), overweight (25-29.99), and either moderate (30-34.99), severe (35-39.99), or very severe (≥40) obesity. Recipients were secondarily stratified based on age: 18-40 (younger recipients), 40-65 (reference group), and ≥65 (advanced age recipients). Among younger recipients, being underweight was associated with improved adjusted survival (HR 0.902; p = 0.010) while higher mortality was seen in younger overweight recipients (HR 1.260; p = 0.005). However, no differences in adjusted survival were appreciated in underweight and overweight advanced age recipients. Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was associated with increased adjusted mortality in normal age recipients (HR 1.152; p = 0.021) and even more so with young (HR 1.576; p < 0.001) and advanced age recipients (HR 1.292; p = 0.001). These results demonstrate that BMI and age interact to impact survival as age modifies BMI-mortality curves, particularly with younger and advanced age recipients.
School-Based Health Centers as Medical Homes: Parents' and Adolescents' Perspectives

Abstract Objective Preventive health services are underutilized by US adolescents, especially those from low-income populations. School-based health centers (SBHCs) have been endorsed as primary medical homes for adolescents. This study was undertaken to determine how adolescent SBHC users and their parents perceive SBHCs, particularly whether SBHCs fulfill each of the elements of a medical home as defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Methods Middle and high school adolescents who had been enrolled in a SBHC in a major metropolitan school district for a minimum of 1 year were interviewed about their perceptions of and experiences with SBHCs. English- and Spanish-speaking parents of SBHC-enrolled adolescents also participated in focus groups on this topic. Results Four focus groups with parents (n = 30) and 62 interviews with adolescents were completed. Both adolescents and parents indicated satisfaction with the quality and utilization of SBHC services, reporting that SBHCs were highly accessible and family centered. Many students preferred to access care at their SBHC instead of their primary care practice because of the convenience, perceived trustworthiness, compassion, and high quality of care at the SBHC. A few parents reported unmet medical needs from their adolescent's SBHC, and some differences emerged between English- and Spanish-speaking parents. Conclusions Adolescents' and parents' perceptions of care received at these SBHCs are consistent with features of the medical home model. These findings suggest that SBHCs can provide coordinated, compassionate care to students in a large, urban school system and may be perceived as more accessible than traditional primary care settings.
THE ESTUARY EXTENDED – A RECIPIENT-SYSTEM STUDY OF ESTUARINE OUTWELLING IN GEORGIA

Abstract: Organic carbon budgets are presented for the marsh, estuarine water bodies and the inner portion of the nearshore region of Georgia. Budgets were determined by balancing external inputs and outputs from rivers and the mid-shelf against measurements of community production, metabolism and internal organic matter storage. On the marsh, primary production exceeds sedimentation and respiration by a factor of 2.6. The aquatic system is distinctly heterotrophic, with the primary production to community respiration ratio being 0.63:1. Our current best estimate is that the autotrophic marsh/estuarine system has 947 g C · m-2 potentially available for export. The nearshore system requires an input of 210 g C · m-2. yr-1 in addition to primary production to sustain its high rate of community production. Allochthonous organic inputs from rivers constitute 12% of total inputs to the marsh/estuarine/nearshore interface system. We calculate that roughly 50% of carbon inputs to the interface system are unaccounted for. About 10% of net primary production of the marsh must be exported to sustain heterotrophic levels in the estuarine aquatic system and the nearshore. We conclude that the nearshore region is a component of a coupled system and is strongly dependent on the adjacent marsh/estuary and river for a portion of its organic matter. As such, the nearshore can be considered as a functional extension of the estuary into the ocean. The estuary is a “filter” in the sense that materials received at the land-sea interface will be processed, transformed and exchanged within the marsh/estuary and the nearshore zones.
Toward an Accurate Description of Methane Physisorption on Carbon Nanotubes

We present a high-level ab initio investigation of the effects of model size and curvature on the exterior and interior binding energy of methane on single-walled carbon nanotubes. The interaction energies of methane with curved coronene were computed using complete basis set MP2 with a CCSD(T) correction. A variety of novel dispersion-including density functional approaches were then compared to the benchmark data. The top-performing functionals were used to calculate binding energies between methane and larger nanotube fragments all the way through infinite nanotubes. The methane binding energy of a narrow (9,0) carbon nanotube, compared to a flat graphene surface, is decreased by 32% on the exterior but increased by 185% on the interior.
Effects of Internal Vortex Structure and Mach Number on the Parallel Vortex-Plate Interaction

In this paper we are interested in the direct computation of the unsteady pressure in the near field due to parallel interaction of a finitecore vortex with a flat plate. The plate is assumed to be of zero thickness and finite chord. We solve the two-dimensional nonlinear Euler equations by a sixth-order finite-dierence method coupled with a tenthorder compact filter and a fourth-order Rugne-Kutta method for time advancement. We use Giles’ nonreflecting boundary conditions at the inflow and outflow boundaries. We investigate the eects of the internal structure of the vortex (i.e. the variation of vorticity with radius) and freestream Mach number on the produced near field pressure. We considered the Oseen and Taylor vortices and range of subsonic Mach numbers.
Nonalloyed Ohmic Contacts to N-Si using a Strained Si0.5Ge0.5 Buffer Layer

Nonalloyed shallow ohmic contacts to n-Si have been fabricated by using an 80 A thick strained Si0.5Ge0.5 buffer layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to investigate the Si 2p and Ge 3d core level binding energies of the strained and the relaxed Si0.5Ge0.5 and to determine their relative Fermi level positions. It was found that the surfaces of strained Si0.5Ge0.5 exhibit pinning very close to the conduction band. Rutherford back-scattering and Auger depth profiling were employed to determine the contact reactions using Ti, W or Pt as contact metals. In the case of Pt, a 500 A W diffusion barrier can protect the ohmic behavior up to 550 °C for 30 min. The specific contact resistance of the Pt/W/Si0.5Ge0.5/n-Si contact extracted from the D-type cross-bridge Kelvin resistor was 3.5 × 10−5 Ω·cm2.
Financial services regulation and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership agreement

Together, the EU and the USA dominate the global financial services industry. This dominance, coupled with the inherent risk of regulatory arbitrage, suggest that the financial services sector is an area ripe for transatlantic economic and regulatory cooperation. While historically transatlantic dialogue centred on market liberalisation, after the 2008 global financial meltdown the focus shifted to regulatory reform. The EU sees the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership as an opportunity to establish a transatlantic financial services regulatory council, while the USA opposes a shift from the current informal Financial Markets Regulatory Dialogue (FMRD). An analysis of post-2010 regulatory reforms finds that regulatory convergence has taken place without a tightly integrated transatlantic regulatory body. The study concludes that differences in political ideology, institutional structures, and regulatory capacity largely explain disagreement between the EU and the USA as to the most effective for...
Anabolic steroids and training.

From available evidence, anabolic steroids may be effective in increasing muscle mass and strength in individuals who are already somewhat highly strength-trained, as compared with individuals who are novices in heavy-resistance training. At the cellular level, the small number of androgen or anabolic receptors in skeletal muscle suggests the possibility that the anabolic steroid influences on these tissues are limited under normal conditions. The cellular milieu of women may be more conducive to greater relative anabolic steroid responses than that of men.
Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy of Renal and Ureteral Calculi

AbstractElectrohydraulic lithotripsy was used to manage 45 upper tract calculi (23 renal and 22 ureteral stones) in 40 patients. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy successfully fragmented 91% of the calculi. All ureteral fragments cleared; in 2 patients with renal calculi solitary 4mm. stone fragments remained. There were no intraoperative or long-term complications directly related to the use of electrohydraulic lithotripsy in the upper urinary tract. We conclude that intrarenal and intraureteral electrohydraulic lithotripsy is a safe, effective, inexpensive means to perform intracorporeal lithotripsy. (J. Urol, 143: 13–17, 1990)
MIP-1γ : molecular cloning, expression, and biological activities of a novel CC chemokine that is constitutively secreted in vivo

We have identified a novel CC chemokine family member, herein termed MIP-1 gamma in view of its similarity to existing members of the MIP-1 group. The murine protein has a predicted length of 100 amino acids. Like MIP-1 alpha, recombinant MIP-1 gamma acts as a pyrogen when administered intracerebroventricularly. MIP-1 gamma and MIP-1 alpha engage the same high-affinity receptor on neutrophils, activating calcium release within seconds following cell contact. Pretreatment with either chemokine abolishes responses to the other, and to itself, suggesting utilization of a common signaling pathway. However, unlike MIP-1 alpha or any of the other CC chemokines, MIP-1 gamma is expressed constitutively by a wide variety of tissues, and circulates in the blood of healthy mice at concentrations of approximately 1 microgram/ml (90 nM). It would therefore be predicted that MIP-1 gamma occupies most of the CC chemokine receptors that exist in the intravascular compartment. As such it might, under normal circumstances, markedly influence responses to the inducible CC chemokines.
Multiple Survival Outcomes and Competing Risks

Until now the type of survival data we have considered has, as an endpoint, a single cause of death, and the survival times of each case have been assumed to be independent. Methods for analyzing such survival data will not be sufficient if cases are not independent or if the event is something that can occur repeatedly. An example of the first type would be clustered data. For instance, one might be interested in survival times of individuals that are in the same family or in the same unit, such as a town or school. In this case, genetic or environmental factors mean that survival times within a cluster are more similar to each other than to those from other clusters, so that the independence assumption no longer holds. In the second case, if the event of interest is, for example, the occurrence of a seizure, the event may repeat indefinitely. Then we would have multiple times per person. Special methods are needed to handle these types of data structures, which we shall discuss in Sect. 9.1. A different situation arises when only the first of several outcomes is observable, a topic we will take up in Sect. 9.2.
Bimaterial interfaces in the south San Andreas Fault with opposite velocity contrasts NW and SE from San Gorgonio Pass

Analysis of fault zone head waves indicates the existence of two deep large-scale bimaterial interfaces in the structure of the southern San Andreas Fault (SAF) with opposite sense of velocity contrast. One interface extends from the Cajon Pass area to the San Gorgonio Pass (SGP) region and is associated with a slower seismic velocity on the south-west side of the SAF. The second interface extends from the SGP region to the Coachella Valley and involves a slower seismic velocity on the north-east side. Tomographic imaging of alternating velocity structures supports the velocity contrast reversal across the SAF. The observations and expected properties of bimaterial ruptures suggest that earthquakes nucleating slightly to the NW and SE of SGP tend to propagate along the SAF in the opposite along-strike directions. This is consistent with geological and seismological evidence in the Mojave and southern most sections of the SAF.
Back to Conflicts Basics: Choice of Law and Multistate Justice

Professor Juenger's thesis is that the only sensible choice-of-law theory is to apply the best substantive law to interstate and international disputes. Whether one agrees or disagrees with this thesis, it is refreshing to read a conflicts monograph that argues consistently at the foundational level and pursues its thesis from introduction to conclusion. Borrowing from his multitudinous prior conflict writings and specifically building on his Hague General Course on private international law, Professor Juenger presents in this book the essence of his conflicts theory, and attacks others' conflicts theories. For those already familiar with Professor Juenger's views, Choice of Law and Multistate Justice productively distills and reinforces. For those not so familiar with Professor Juenger's previous, significant contributions to the literature, Choice of Law and Multistate Justice serves as an impressive introduction to his conflicts thinking while straightforwardly setting forth his conflicts ideology.The book is divided into five chapters. The introduction sets forth the facts of three illustrative cases and introduces conflicts terminology. Chapter I provides a historical overview, emphasizing the recurrence of fundamental conflicts themes. Professor Juenger also introduces in this chapter the sub-theme that more modern theories have added little or nothing to conflicts jurisprudence. Chapter II criticizes what Professor Juenger categorizes as the classical multilateralist approach, for vainly seeking to develop rules identifying which geographically based law must be applied to a conflicts dispute. Chapter III criticizes the twentieth-century, American conflicts revolution, both for pretending that it has developed anything new, but more fundamentally for failing to resolve conflicts problems. Although this chapter pours the most vitriol on interest analysis as a form of narrow-minded unilateralism, it also indicts other theories, such as the proper law approach (merely reviving another form of failed multilateralism) and the Second Restatement (a jumbling together of disparate theories and portions of theories). In Chapter IV Professor Juenger reexamines the failings and occasional successes of competing theories in light of his belief that only theories allowing teleology to play a significant de facto role in conflict decisions will be implemented by courts. Finally, Chapter V more explicitly explains and defends the teleological/better law approach and concludes by explaining how Professor Juenger's theory would resolve the three cases introduced at the beginning of the book.
A Model for Understanding Positive Intergroup Relations Using the In-Group-Favoring Norm

We present a model of intergroup relations focused on the role of the in-group-favoring norm as capable of facilitating positive intergroup relations. We begin by defining the in-group-favoring norm and describing how it affects self-evaluations and evaluations of out-group members. We then outline how positive intergroup relations may result via the implementation of specific techniques fundamental to the in-group-favoring norm, including emphasizing the value of interactions with the out-group, establishing cooperative intergroup norms, and establishing superordinate goals. In so doing, we discuss how classic moderators of intergroup relations, including leadership, guilt, and in-group norms are facilitators of positive intergroup relations once in-group interests are considered.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension diagnosed as Chiari I malformation.

A 44-year-old man presented for evaluation with a recent MRI diagnosis of a Chiari I malformation without hydrocephalus and a 5-month history of gradually worsening daily headache. He described 10/10 occipital pressure spreading holocranially, triggered by Valsalva, and worsened with prolonged standing. He was pain-free within 10 minutes of lying supine. His initial imaging showed a 17-mm Chiari I malformation. Repeat imaging is demonstrated in the figure. Several upper thoracic disc extrusions are potential etiologies for the leak, particularly at T1-T2. This case illustrates that a CSF leak can be mistaken for a Chiari I malformation radiographically.
Examination and physical therapy management of a young gymnast with bilateral wrist pain: A case report

Abstract Background Wrist pain associated with weight-bearing gymnastic activities may be linked to musculoskeletal impairments, faulty movement patterns, and poor training techniques. Inadequate proximal control may adversely impact the loading mechanics throughout the upper extremities and contribute to a gymnast's complaint of wrist pain. The purpose of this case report is to describe the management of a young gymnast with primary complaint of bilateral wrist pain associated with upper extremity weight-bearing activities. Case Description A 10 year-old male gymnast presented with a 6-month history of bilateral wrist pain aggravated by weight-bearing gymnastic activities. Based on the findings from a physical therapy examination, a 3-stage progressive rehabilitation program was designed using an impairment-based, multi-modal approach to treat key musculoskeletal impairments and movement deficiencies. Consistent with the principle of activity simulation, treatment targeted areas of weakness considered key to activity performance and included a progression of exercises and techniques that simulated activities reported by the gymnast to be painful. Outcomes The gymnast was treated for 11 visits over 8 weeks. He demonstrated improved strength, motor control, and self-reported outcome scores that allowed pain-free return to all gymnastic activities.
EU Widening and Deepening – Are these goals reconcilable?

The paper examines the compatibility between ‘widening’ the EU and ‘deepening’ its integration endeavors, with special emphasis on eastward enlargement. After clarifying the broad nature of the accession negotiations under way, it sketches the most critical obstacles encountered in forging ahead with EU deepening, the problems posed by the ongoing restructuring of the accession candidates, and how deepening and widening necessarily interact. Before concluding with an aside on the relationship between the accession process and the EU's designs on assisting southeastern Europe, the paper briefly reviews where the negotiations stand in mid-2001 and elaborates on what may be in store for the enlargement process in the near term.
Social Work and Downsizing: Theoretical Implications and Strategic Responses

The economic, political and social changes of the past 25 years have undermined most working American's assumptions about job security. Large segments of the population now find their jobs threatened by downsizing - which results from the reduction of staff by employers, usually for economic reasons. Downsized individuals typically experience personal and familial crises of major magnitude, and have increasingly been turning to social workers for assistance. Social workers, however - who have had relatively little experience delivering services to this clientele - are themselves being threatened by downsizing. Given this situation, the present study assesses - through interviews and participant observation - (a) how social workers are conceptualizing downsizing, (b) the kind of training they have received for serving downsized clients, (c) the level of readiness they possess, both theoretical and technical, to deliver services to downsized individuals, (d) the changes they are experiencing in their practices associated with downsizing, and (e) how they perceive the organizational apparatus their profession provides for resisting downsizing.
Impact of anesthesiologists on parental perioperative satisfaction scores

SummaryBackground While the focus on patient experience as an important outcome has significantly increased over the past decade, there is paucity of data on predictive factors associated with parental recommendation of a surgical facility to friends and family. Methods Data for this report were obtained from a Hospital Information System and Picker Health validated surveys completed by 538 parents whose children underwent outpatient surgery from July 2014 to March 2016. Bivariate, chi-squared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were carried out using the Picker Health item “Would you recommend this outpatient surgical facility to your friends and family?” as the primary outcome. Demographic data and 53 Picker Health items were used as potential predictors. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis found the following variables as independent predictors for parental recommendation: quality of perioperative communication by anesthesiologists (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.23 [0.09, 0.58]); provision of information on whom to call for help after discharge (0.22 [0.07, 0.64]); child's perceived baseline health (0.37 [0.15, 0.90]); and ill-informed staff about child's procedure (0.30 [0.21, 0.79]). Variables such as child's pain and child's nausea and vomiting were not predictive for referral pattern. Conclusion Parental recommendation of a surgical facility to friends and family depends on a number of variables with the quality of perioperative communication with the anesthesiologist being the most predictive item.
Abstract 4820: Developing a xenograft human tumor model in immunocompetent mice

Animal models are essential to preclinical cancer research and are used clinically to determine optimal treatment regimens, but current xenograft models are limited in their utility, especially due to the lack of a competent immune system. Here we demonstrate that a xenograft tumor model can be developed in immunocompetent mice by tolerizing murine fetuses to human tumor cells. A375 human melanoma cells were injected into day E14 fetuses and, after birth, mice were challenged again with A375 cells to determine their ability to develop tumors. Intravenous injections of A375 cells after tolerization resulted in metastatic-like lung tumors, which were verified to be human in origin by immunohistochemistry and PCR. The development of lung neoplasms was dependent on fetal tolerization; non-tolerized mice did not develop tumors after injection. Interestingly, subcutaneous injected cells did not form tumors, but this was shown to be due to an innate, non-adaptive immune response and did not create lasting rejection of tumor cells. This procedure was repeated with several different tumor lines to show the universal nature of the method: BxPC3 (human pancreatic cancer), M21 (human melanoma), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and MDA231 (human breast carcinoma). Citation Format: Matthew T. Basel, Sanjeev Narayanan, Chanran Ganta, Tej B. Shrestha, Marla Pyle, Stefan H. Bossmann, Deryl L. Troyer. Developing a xenograft human tumor model in immunocompetent mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4820. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4820
Improving test compression with multiple-polynomial LFSRs

This paper investigates the use of multiple-polynomial linear feedback shift registers (MP-LFSRs) for dynamic reseeding in a continuous flow test compression environment to allow a more aggressive expansion of tester channels to scan chains and thereby increase the amount of test compression achieved. A scheme is proposed that does not need any control data to be used to select the polynomial that decompresses each test cube. This problem is formulated as a bipartite matching problem. The amount of hardware used to implement the MP-LFSR is reduced by exploiting the property that the reciprocal of a primitive polynomial is also primitive. Also, a procedure for optimally using an MP-LFSR with retained free-variables [Muthyala 12] is described. Experimental results are presented showing the improvements in test compression that can be obtained with MP-LFSRs.
Islamic discourses in Azerbaijan: the securitization of 'non-traditional religious movements'

This article captures the dynamics of the securitization process through which new Islamic movements were constructed as an existential threat in Azerbaijan. After mapping out various competing dis...
Association of genetic variants in RAB23 and ANXA11 with uveitis in sarcoidosis

Purpose Uveitis occurs in a subset of patients with sarcoidosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetic variants that have been associated previously with overall sarcoidosis are associated with increased risk of developing uveitis. Methods Seventy-seven subjects were enrolled, including 45 patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis-related uveitis as cases and 32 patients with systemic sarcoidosis without ocular involvement as controls. Thirty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with sarcoidosis, sarcoidosis severity, or other organ-specific sarcoidosis involvement were identified. Allele frequencies in ocular sarcoidosis cases versus controls were compared using the chi-square test, and p values were corrected for multiple hypotheses testing using permutation. All analyses were conducted with PLINK. Results SNPs rs1040461 and rs61860052, in ras-related protein RAS23 (RAB23) and annexin A11 (ANXA11) genes, respectively, were associated with sarcoidosis-associated uveitis. The T allele of rs1040461 and the A allele of rs61860052 were found to be more prevalent in ocular sarcoidosis cases. These associations remained after correction for the multiple hypotheses tested (p=0.01 and p=0.02). In a subanalysis of Caucasian Americans only, two additional variants within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes on chromosome 6, in HLA-DRB5 and HLA-DRB1, were associated with uveitis as well (p=0.009 and p=0.04). Conclusions Genetic variants in RAB23 and ANXA11 genes were associated with an increased risk of sarcoidosis-associated uveitis. These loci have previously been associated with overall sarcoidosis risk.
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

This chapter begins with the basic theory of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices. Essential concepts such as characteristic polynomials, the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, the Gerschgorin circle theorem, invariant subspaces, change of basis, spectral radius and the distance between subspaces are developed. Hermitian matrices are analyzed through the spectral theorem, and a perturbation analysis of their eigenvalue problem is performed. This chapter presents and examines algorithms for finding eigenvalues of Hermitian tridiagonal matrices, such as bisection, the power method, QL, QR, implicit QR, divide and conquer and dqds. Reduction of general Hermitian matrices to tridigonal form, and the Lanczos process are also discussed. Next, the eigenvalue problem for general matrices is examined. Theory for the Schur decomposition and the Jordan form are presented. Perturbation theory and conditions numbers lead to a posteriori estimates for general eigenvalue problems. Numerical methods for upper Hessenberg matricces are discussed, followed by general techniques for orthogonal similarity transformation to upper Hessenberg form. Then the chapter turns to the singular value decomposition, with theory discussing its existence, pseudo-inverses and the minimax theorem. Methods for reducing general matrices to bidiagonal form, and techniques for finding singular value decompositions of bidiagonal matrices follow next. The chapter ends with discussions of linear recurrences and functions of matrices.
Thyroid Abscess: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management:

Thyroid abscess is an uncommon infectious pathology. The thyroid is highly resistant to infection due to high iodine content, capsular encasement, and rich vascularity. Acute suppurative thyroiditis represents <1% of thyroid diseases that could potentially become a life-threatening endocrine emergency. A 48-year-old woman with AIDS presented with 3 days of fever, tender neck swelling, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Apart from leukocytosis, initial laboratory values including thyroid function tests were normal. The initial plain computed tomography scan of the neck and ultrasound scan of the neck were inconclusive as well. By day 4, she worsened, and on repeat computed tomography scan of the neck with contrast, multiloculated abscesses in the thyroid and retro pharynx were seen, which needed emergent drainage. Acute suppurative thyroiditis, a rare disease, occurs in patients with either preexisting disorders of the thyroid or in the immunocompromised. The most common pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. In our case, we highlight the fact that initial imaging may be negative in the early stages of acute suppurative thyroiditis and lead to an erroneous diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. There are less than 5 cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus suppurative thyroiditis reported.
Orbital and adnexal lymphoma

Orbital and adnexal lymphoma (OAL) includes a heterogeneous group of lymphomas, the majority of which are low-grade, indolent, B cell, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs). By definition, OAL affects structures including the eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, extraocular muscles, and the orbit. Disease may be limited to a single, localized tumor, or it may be multifocal. Overlap with ocular adnexal sites is common (10–20 % of cases), and coexisting uveal involvement has been observed. Moreover, OAL can affect regional, central, and peripheral lymph nodes as well as other distant extranodal sites. The 10-year, disease-specific mortality is approximately 5–10 %. Many of the advances in understanding OAL were initially demonstrated in systemic lymphoma.
Teaching students to teach patients: A theory-guided approach

Nurses in every setting provide patient teaching on a routine basis, often several times a day. Patient teaching skills are essential competencies to be developed during pre-licensure nursing education. While students learn what to teach for specific conditions, they often lack competence in how to teach in ways that individualize and optimize patient learning. The ultimate goal of patient teaching is to arm patients with the knowledge and skills, and the desire and confidence in their ability to reach their targeted health outcomes. We describe the creation of a theoretical framework to guide development of patient teaching skills. The framework, rooted in the contemporary health care values of patient-centered care, is a synthesis of four evidence-based approaches to patient teaching: patient engagement, motivational interviewing, adult learning theory, and teach-back method. Specific patient teaching skills, derived from each of the approaches, are applied within the context of discharge teaching, an important nursing practice linked to patient outcomes. This exemplar emphasizes the use of critical teaching process skills and targeted informational content. An online student learning module based on the theoretical framework and combined with simulation experiences provides the nurse educator with one strategy for use with nursing students. The theoretical framework has applicability for skill development during pre-licensure education and skill refinement for nurses in clinical practice.
Heat Transfer Related to Superconducting Magnet Stability: He II - He I Dynamic Limits

Increased sophistication of low-Tc superconducting magnets and the advent of high-Tc materials has demanded a more detailed understanding of stability limits related to superconductor-fluid interaction. An example is the set of quench scenarios for vari-ous fluid states (liquid baths). Highlights of recent work in heat transfer-mediated mag-net stability1 are presented selecting the example of triple-phase nucleate boiling stability limits for illustration (Tc = superconducting state transition temperature).
The Use of After-Tax or Before-Tax Income as a Measure of Performance for Compensation Plans

This paper combines the contracting incentives and tax incentives streams of literature to test plausible reasons why firms select different accounting measures of performance when determining executive compensation. The two measures of performance examined are financial income after income taxes and financial income before income taxes. Financial information was obtained for 266 firms, 80 with after-tax compensation plans and 186 with before-tax compensation plans. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the combined impact of number of segments, the degree to which firms are multinational, management stock ownership, and firm size on compensation plan type. The results suggest that larger firms that report a larger number of operating segments and those firms that have management stock ownership levels in a range where management is entrenched are more likely to select after-tax rather than before-tax compensation plans.
New York State: Peoples, Places, and Priorities: A Concise History with Sources

The state of New York is virtually a nation unto itself. Long one of the most populous states and home of the country’s most dynamic city, New York is geographically strategic, economically prominent, socially diverse, culturally innovative, and politically influential. These characteristics have made New York distinctive in our nation’s history. In New York State: Peoples, Places, and Priorities, Joanne Reitano brings the history of this great state alive for readers. Clear and accessible, the book features: Primary documents and illustrations in each chapter, encouraging engagement with historical sources and issues Timelines for every chapter, along with lists of recommended reading and websites Themes of labor, liberty, lifestyles, land, and leadership running throughout the text Coverage from the colonial period up through the present day, including the Great Recession and Andrew Cuomo’s governorship Highly readable and up-to-date, New York State: Peoples, Places, and Priorities is a vital resource for anyone studying, teaching, or just interested in the history of the Empire State.