cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A History of the Society for General Music

In 1979, MENC President James Mason announced the intention to create a national council on elementary general music education to be organized within the framework of MENC. This action was the first important step toward creating what became the Society for General Music. This article is a brief history of the Society, including description of events leading to its formation, and contributions the Society has made to general music education.
Temporal dynamics of associative interference and facilitation produced by visual context

Temporal dynamics of associative interference and facilitation have been investigated in a reaction time (RT) task in which a target letter is flanked by noise letters. When response-incompatible noise letters precede the target by stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) from 0 to 250 msec, associative interference, indicated by average RT, increases to a maximum at 50 and 100 msec and decreases substantially at 250 msec. Noise letters identical to the target do not produce facilitation with 0 SOA but do so when they precede the target by as little as 50 msec. Maximum facilitation is obtained with 100- and 250- msec SOAs. Temporal dynamics within the trial were inferred from scaling analyses of the RT distributions. The time course of associative interference is nonmonotonic, with the maximum occurring earlier as SOA increases. This confirms a prediction of continuous growth strength theory. Facilitation is primarily a short-latency effect, beginning earlier as SOA increases. At 0 SOA, there is evidence that an identical noise letter produces distraction as compared with a no-noise condition.
Banks, Credit Markets, and Early American Development: A Case Study of Entry and Competition

New England experienced a significant economic transformation after the Revolutionary War. Despite an extensive literature on American development, little is known about the precise role of banks in this process. This article exploits a detailed dataset from Plymouth County, Massachusetts to show that the first bank during its early stage was far more selective in lending than the pre-existing personal credit market. Thus the mere introduction of a single bank did not broaden access to credit. Following the liberalization of chartering policy in the 1820s, however, freer entry and competition drove banks to extend credit to farmers and artisans.
Laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

Since the first reported case of laparoscopic nephrectomy by Clayman et al. [1] in 1991, laparoscopy is gaining acceptance as a viable alternative to open surgery for renal cell carcinoma. The benefits of laparoscopy include improved quality of life and lower incidence of perioperative morbidity. The perceived risks of laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma include port-site metastasis, increased operative time, and the concern for inadequate surgical resection. The preliminary data concerning laparoscopy in renal cell carcinoma, however, indicate that rates of tumor recurrence are equivalent to open surgery while resulting in better cosmesis, decreased level of perioperative analgesic use, and decreased length of time to full convalescence.
Training in the Management of Conflict: A Communication Theory Perspective

It is proposed that a model ofconflict resolution based on communication theory constitutes an effective approach to the learning ofskills in conflict management. In thisframework, it may become po...
Phospholipase A2 structure/function, mechanism, and signaling

Tremendous advances in understanding the structure and function of the superfamily of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes has occurred in the twenty-first century. The superfamily includes 15 groups comprising four main types including the secreted sPLA2, cytosolic cPLA2, calcium-independent iPLA2, and platelet activating factor (PAF) acetyl hydrolase/oxidized lipid lipoprotein associated (Lp)PLA2. We review herein our current understanding of the structure and interaction with substrate phospholipids, which resides in membranes for a representative of each of these main types of PLA2. We will also briefly review the development of inhibitors of these enzymes and their roles in lipid signaling.
Publication outlets for criminology and criminal justice scholars: A look at race and ethnicity journals

SUMMARY The purpose of this article was to identify race and ethnicity journals that are appropriate publication outlets for criminology and criminal justice research. This information is important because it familiarizes criminology and criminal justice professionals with non-mainstream publications, and helps them to assess the appropriateness of these journals for their research manuscripts and in evaluating the publication record of scholars who publish in them. Race and ethnicity journals offer authors a forum for the publication of scholarship that differs from mainstream thought and methodologies. These journals were developed to provide a forum for diverse scholarship that goes beyond traditional or mainstream analyses and inquiries. Articles that are published in race and ethnicity journals should not be viewed as inferior scholarship. Other than subjects, methodologies, or assumptions, they tend to exhibit many of the same characteristics as mainstream journals; that is, they are refereed, assoc...
Aggregation of Nerlovian profit indicator

This note shows that the Nerlovian profit indicator may be aggregated over firms into an industry measure of profit efficiency. The note also provides conditions under which the technical component of the indicator may also be aggregated.
A graph theoretic approach to similarity relations

A similarity relation is reflexive and symmetric. A graph may be regarded as a geometric representation of an irreflexive symmetric relation; anr-graph then coincides with a similarity relation. For the realization of psychophysical phenomena, the points of a graph stand for the stimuli and a line for indistinguishability of a stimulus pair. Not all graphs, however, are likely to arise as similarity relations in a real situation. A special class of graphs, called interval graphs, does have this realistic property. These graphs are described and characterized.
Anomalous packet identification for network intrusion detection

A packet-level anomaly detection system for network intrusion detection in high-bandwidth network environments is described. The approach is intended for hardware implementation and could be included in the network interface, switch or firewall. Efficient implementation in software on a network host is also possible. Network traffic is characterized using a novel technique that maps packet-level payloads onto a set of counters using bit-pattern hash functions, which were chosen for their implementation efficiency in both hardware and software. Machine learning is accomplished by mapping unlabelled training data onto a set of two-dimensional grids and forming a set of bitmaps that identify anomalous and normal regions. These bitmaps are used as the classifiers for real-time detection. The proposed method is extremely efficient in both the offline machine learning and real-time detection components and has the potential to provide accurate detection performance due to the ability of the bitmaps to capture nearly arbitrary shaped regions in the feature space. Results of a preliminary study are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.
Arithmetic of Shimura curves

This is the note for a series of lectures that the author gave at the Centre de Recerca Matematica (CRM), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain on October 19–24, 2009. The aim is to give a comprehensive description of some recent work of the author and his students on generalisations of the Gross-Zagier formula, Euler systems on Shimura curves, and rational points on elliptic curves.
Molecular Interaction Map of the Mammalian Cell Cycle Control and DNA Repair Systems

Eventually to understand the integrated function of the cell cycle regulatory network, we must organize the known interactions in the form of a diagram, map, and/or database. A diagram convention was designed capable of unambiguous representation of networks containing multiprotein complexes, protein modifications, and enzymes that are substrates of other enzymes. To facilitate linkage to a database, each molecular species is symbolically represented only once in each diagram. Molecular species can be located on the map by means of indexed grid coordinates. Each interaction is referenced to an annotation list where pertinent information and references can be found. Parts of the network are grouped into functional subsystems. The map shows how multiprotein complexes could assemble and function at gene promoter sites and at sites of DNA damage. It also portrays the richness of connections between the p53-Mdm2 subsystem and other parts of the network.
Adolescent Drug Abuse and the Development of Behavior

Extensive research has revealed that illicit drug use often commences during adolescence, a critical period' of physical and psychological development, and it is my intent to selectively focus upon some of the potentially significant interactions between illicit drug abuse and the development of behavior during the adolescent period.
Nicotine patches and quitline counseling to help hospitalized smokers stay quit: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Hospitalized smokers often quit smoking, voluntarily or involuntarily; most relapse soon after discharge. Extended follow-up counseling can help prevent relapse. However, it is difficult for hospitals to provide follow-up and smokers rarely leave the hospital with quitting aids (for example, nicotine patches). This study aims to test a practical model in which hospitals work with a state cessation quitline. Hospital staff briefly intervene with smokers at bedside and refer them to the quitline. Depending on assigned condition, smokers may receive nicotine patches at discharge or extended quitline telephone counseling post-discharge. This project establishes a practical model that lends itself to broader dissemination, while testing the effectiveness of the interventions in a rigorous randomized trial. Methods/design: This randomized clinical trial (N=1,640) tests the effect of two interventions on long-term quit rates of hospitalized smokers in a 2 x 2 factorial design. The interventions are (1) nicotine patches (eight-week, step down program) dispensed at discharge and (2) proactive telephone counseling provided by the state quitline after discharge. Subjects are randomly assigned into: usual care, nicotine patches, telephone counseling, or both patches and counseling. It is hypothesized that patches and counseling have independent effects and their combined effect is greater than either alone. The primary outcome measure is thirty-day abstinence at six months; a secondary outcome is biochemically validated smoking status. Cost-effectiveness analysis is conducted to compare each intervention condition (patch alone, counseling alone, and combined interventions) against the usual care condition. Further, this study examines whether smokers’ medical diagnosis is a moderator of treatment effect. Generalized linear (binomial) mixed models will be used to study the effect of treatment on abstinence rates. Clustering is accounted for with hospital-specific random effects. Discussion: If this model is effective, quitlines across the U.S. could work with interested hospitals to set up similar systems. Hospital accreditation standards related to tobacco cessation performance measures require follow-up after discharge and provide additional incentive for hospitals to work with quitlines. The ubiquity of quitlines, combined with the consistency of quitline counseling delivery as centralized state operations, make this partnership attractive.
Loudness discomfort level and reliability as a function of instructional set.

Loudness discomfort levels (LDLs) for a 12-speaker babble were measured in 20 subjects with normal hearing sensitivity for two instructional sets, listening in the sound field. One instructional set asked the listener to indicate when they would choose ‘not to listen for any period of time'. The second instructional set asked the listeners to indicate when they ‘would choose not to listen for 15 minutes or longer’. A simple up down adaptive procedure was used to measure LDLs. Data were gathered on both instructional sets for all listeners. LDLs for each instructional set were repeated on four separate occasions within a range of 1 3 weeks. The average LDLs for the instructions utilizing the criterion of choosing not to listen for any period of time were 9dB higher than the criterion of choosing not to listen for 15 minutes or longer. The reliability of LDLs for both instructional sets was high, ranging from correlations of 0.90–0.97 for the criterion of choosing not to listen for any period of time, and r...
Reproductive Responses of Northern Goshawks to Variable Prey Populations

Developing comprehensive conservation strategies requires knowledge of factors influencing population growth and persistence. Although variable prey resources are often associated with fluctuations in raptor demographic parameters, the mechanisms of food limitation are poorly understood, especially for a generalist predator like the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). To determine the reproductive responses of goshawks to variable prey populations, we evaluated 823 goshawk breeding opportunities on the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, USA, during 1994–2002. Concurrently, density was estimated for 4 prey species (2 avian, 2 mammalian). We explored the relationship between goshawk reproduction and prey density at one temporal scale (year) and 2 spatial scales (study area, forest type). Prey density for all 4 species combined accounted for 89% of the variation in goshawk reproduction within the entire study area (P < 0.001), 74% in mixed conifer forest (P = 0.003) and 85% in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest (P < 0.001). We found that an incremental increase in prey density resulted in a greater increase in goshawk reproduction in ponderosa pine forest than in mixed conifer forest, suggesting that the denser structural conditions of mixed conifer forest may have reduced prey availability. Red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) density explained more annual variation in goshawk reproduction within the study area (r2 = 0.87, P < 0.001), mixed conifer forest (r2 = 0.80, P = 0.001), and ponderosa pine forest (r2 = 0.85, P < 0.001) than did any other individual species. Although certain prey species were more strongly correlated with fluctuations in goshawk reproduction than were others, the high model selection uncertainty and the strong relationship between total prey density and number of goshawk fledglings produced indicated that alternate prey species were readily substituted for one another. Therefore, conservation strategies concerned with the status of goshawk populations should incorporate forest management practices that increase the abundance, diversity, and availability of prey resources.
Role of intravenous isoproterenol in the electrophysiologic induction of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia in patients with dual atrioventricular node pathways.

Abstract To assess the role of intravenous isoproterenol for the facilitation of electrophysiologic induction of atrioventricular (AV) node reentrant tachycardia, 20 patients with dual AV node pathways who lacked inducible AV node reentrant tachycardia at control study had a constant isoproterenol infusion administered and underwent repeat study. Six (30%) of 20 patients (group I) had inducibte AV node reentrant tachycardia during isoproterenol infusion whereas the other 14 (70%) patients (group II) did not. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia was clinically documented in all 6 group I patients compared to 3 (21%) of 14 group II patients (p = 0.002). The sensitivity and specificity of isoproterenol-facilitated induction of AV node reentrant tachycardia were 67 and 100%, respectively. The isoproterenol-facilitated induction of sustained AV node reentry was mediated by resolution of the weak link in anterograde slow pathway in 2 (33%) patients, in retrograde fast pathway in 3 (50%) and in both anterograde stew and retrograde fast pathways in 1 (17%) patient. Four group I patients were given intravenous propranolol, 0.2 mg/kg body weight, and had complete suppression of isoproterenol-facilitated induction of AV node reentry. Thus, intravenous isoproterenol is a rather sensitive and highly specific adjunct to electrophysiologic induction of AV node reentrant tachycardia in patients with dual AV node pathways but without inducible sustained AV node reentry.
Vaginal symptoms and bacterial vaginosis (BV): How useful is self-report? Development of a screening tool for predicting BV status

Vaginal complaints compel an evaluation of bacterial vaginosis (BV), however, many cases of BV are asymptomatic. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of vaginal symptoms in the diagnosis of BV and examined the utility of creating a BV screening tool using clinical, behavioural and demographic characteristics. A total of 1916 pregnant women were included in this analysis. In total, 757 women screened positive for BV and over one third of BV-positive women presented without any lower genital tract symptoms (39·4%). African American race, abnormal vaginal odour, and smoking were independently related to BV positivity. A BV screening tool including these three factors was fairly predictive of BV status with the area under the ROC curve equal to 0·669. This three-item prediction rule may be useful in identifying high- risk pregnant women in need of BV screening and, given the high specificity, accurately identify the group of BV-negative pregnant women.
Parental Attribution of Artistic Ability in Talented Children

Attributed talent is a powerful construct that can have important consequences for the lives of children. Parents and schools often provide special programs to support talented children, and attrib...
A Comment on “Savonarola, Florence, and the Millenarian Tradition”

It appears to me that the strength of Professor Weinstein's inquiry is predicated upon the concreteness of his approach and his unwillingness to take refuge in those abstractions which are not infrequently found in the realm of Medieval and Renaissance studies. Therefore, the hypothesis that he advances stems from data, rather than from an unverifiable assumption about the nature of man or of thought in the Quattrocento . Another quality which is evident in his paper is his commitment to a type of research which is essentially an adventure. This figure of speech is intended to suggest that he is trying to isolate and then delineate a problem. In this instance, the unknown quantity is the boundary line that separates the historical from the a-historical. As a result of his search, he is compelled to modify the interpretations of Garin and Cantimori. His explanation is based upon the decisive role that historical circumstance and Florentine tradition (possibly two facets of a single entity) played in forging the prophetic message of Savonarola. Therefore, he locates the center of gravity of the Dominican's teachings “in tempore,” rather than in the a-historical “world of ideas.” For Professor Weinstein, the boundaries of Savonarola's prophecies are generated by “the fervor of daily events.” Not only does this view appear to be valid, for the reasons advanced by the speaker, but there are also factors that are peripheral to his central argument which lend it further authenticity.
An electron microscopic study of balloon cell nevus

One case of balloon cell nevus was studied with the electron microscope. Intra-epidermal balloon cells contained numerous nonmelanized melanosomes which tended to coalesce. Large cavities were produced in typical mature balloon cells as the result of degeneration of these coalesced melanosomes. Some melanosomes remained intact after coalescence and produced conglomerates of melanosomes. Keratinocytes phagocytosed these abnormal balloon cell melanosomes. Intradermal balloon cells were surrounded with basal lamina, were often multinucleated, and contained a relatively small number of poorly developed melanosomes which were not melanized. It was concluded that the balloon cells and nevus cells belong to the same cell type and that the ballooning phenomenon represents a self-destructive process.
Morphology, performance, fitness: functional insight into a post-Pleistocene radiation of mosquitofish

Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) colonized blue holes during the past approximately 15 000 years and exhibit relatively larger caudal regions in blue holes that contain piscivorous fish. It i...
A theoretical study of topographic effects on coastal upwelling and cross-shore exchange

Abstract The effects of topographic variations on coastal upwelling and cross-shore exchange are examined with a theoretical, continuously stratified, three-dimensional coastal ocean model. The model takes into account topographic variations in both alongshore and cross-shore directions and allows analytical solutions with an Ekman surface layer that faithfully represents the physical nature of the coastal upwelling system. Theoretical solutions with any analytical form of alongshore-varying topography can be solved based on the perturbation method of Killworth [J. Phys. Oceanogr. 8 (1978) 188]. Analyses of the model solutions lead to the following conclusions: (1) The variation of upwelling fronts and currents is shown to be caused by the combined effect of topography and stratification. Topographic variation causes uneven upwelling distribution and leads to density variation, which results in a varying horizontal pressure gradient field that causes the meandering currents. The variation index is dependent upon a bilinear function of their physical parameters––the ratio of the topographic variation depth to the total depth and Burger’s number of stratification. (2) Cross-shore slope is found to play a role in maintaining the meandering structure of the alongshore currents. The anticyclonic circulations can further induce downwelling on the offshore side of the current, while the cyclonic circulations enhance upwelling and form upwelling centers on the inshore side of the current. (3) Alongshore topography does not change the total upwelled water, i.e., the total Ekman pumping is conserved. However, it increases cross-exchange of water masses by transporting inshore (offshore) water near topographic features far offshore (inshore) from the mean position of the front. The applicability and limitations of the theory are also discussed.
INFANT HEART RATE RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF STIMULUS AND STATE

Heart rate (HR) response to simple stimuli apparently changes from an accelerative to decelerative response in the first few months of life. The present study of 4 month old infants showed that response depends on state and on the intensity and rise time of stimuli. The response was solely decelerative in alert infants but in less alert states of increasing agitation or increasing somnolence, deceleration lessened and acceleration appeared. Rapid rise time had an acceleratory effect which was more pronounced during sleep than during the waking state. Results were compared with those obtained to the same stimuli in parallel studies of newborns and adults. It appears that the decelerative response in awake Ss, presumably an orienting response, has a curvilinear relationship to age which cannot be ascribed to differences in initial HR level, state, stimulus intensity, or stimulus rise time.
Modern statistical approaches to reception in communication theory

When reception in the theory of communication is recognized as a problem in statistical inference, system design and system analysis appear as the counterparts of designing and evaluating statistical tests. This paper discusses the optimum properties of designs based on statistical decision theory from the risk point of view, and from that of information theory. Connections between risk and information loss are established, which result in a unified theory of system design. This includes Minimax methods capable in principle of handling all degrees of a priori knowledge of signal and noise statistics, new methods for comparing actual and ideal systems for the same purpose, and new interpretations of previously used formulations as special cases of the more general theory. Both detection and extraction of signals in noise are considered, the former as a problem of testing statistical hypotheses and the latter as one of estimating parameters. Formulation of the general reception problem as a decision operation is followed by a summary of statistical decision theory from the risk point of view, with some examples of Bayes and Minimax tests and optimum classes of decision rules. Applications to detection show the optimum nature of likelihood ratio receivers as a class, and indicate methods for defining the minimum detectable signal and for comparing system performance. As an illustration, curves of Bayes and Minimax risk are given for detection of a pulsed carrier in noise. Applications to extraction show the nature of optimum extraction and the roles of the mean square error and maximum likelihood criteria from the more general point of view of risk theory. Conditions under which information loss is an extremum in detection and extraction are established, and information loss itself as a criterion of performance is compared with that of the risk measure.
How We Do It: Tips for Programming the Speech Processor of an 18-month-old

(2005). How We Do It: Tips for programming the speech processor of an 18-month-old. Cochlear Implants International: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 169-177.
GIRK Channels Mediate the Nonphotic Effects of Exogenous Melatonin

Melatonin supplementation has been used as a therapeutic agent for several diseases, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms by which melatonin synchronizes circadian rhythms. G-protein signaling plays a large role in melatonin-induced phase shifts of locomotor behavior and melatonin receptors activate G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in Xenopus oocytes. The present study tested the hypothesis that melatonin influences circadian phase and electrical activity within the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) through GIRK channel activation. Unlike wild-type littermates, GIRK2 knock-out (KO) mice failed to phase advance wheel-running behavior in response to 3 d subcutaneous injections of melatonin in the late day. Moreover, in vitro phase resetting of the SCN circadian clock by melatonin was blocked by coadministration of a GIRK channel antagonist tertiapin-q (TPQ). Loose-patch electrophysiological recordings of SCN neurons revealed a significant reduction in the average action potential rate in response to melatonin. This effect was lost in SCN slices treated with TPQ and SCN slices from GIRK2 KO mice. The melatonin-induced suppression of firing rate corresponded with an increased inward current that was blocked by TPQ. Finally, application of ramelteon, a potent melatonin receptor agonist, significantly decreased firing rate and increased inward current within SCN neurons in a GIRK-dependent manner. These results are the first to show that GIRK channels are necessary for the effects of melatonin and ramelteon within the SCN. This study suggests that GIRK channels may be an alternative therapeutic target for diseases with evidence of circadian disruption, including aberrant melatonin signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite the widespread use of melatonin supplementation for the treatment of sleep disruption and other neurological diseases such as epilepsy and depression, no studies have elucidated the molecular mechanisms linking melatonin-induced changes in neuronal activity to its therapeutic effects. Here, we used behavioral and electrophysiological techniques to address this scientific gap. Our results show that melatonin and ramelteon, a potent and clinically relevant melatonin receptor agonist, significantly affect the neurophysiological function of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons through activation of G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. Given the importance of GIRK channels for neuronal excitability (with >600 publications on these channels to date), our study should generate broad interest from neuroscientists in fields such as epilepsy, addiction, and cognition.
Speedster-EXD: a new event-driven hybrid CMOS x-ray detector

The Speedster-EXD is a new 64×64 pixel2, 40-μm pixel pitch, 100-μm depletion depth hybrid CMOS x-ray detector with the capability of reading out only those pixels containing event charge, thus enabling fast effective frame rates. A global charge threshold can be specified, and pixels containing charge above this threshold are flagged and read out. The Speedster detector has also been designed with other advanced in-pixel features to improve performance, including a low-noise, high-gain capacitive transimpedance amplifier that eliminates interpixel capacitance crosstalk (IPC), and in-pixel correlated double sampling subtraction to reduce reset noise. We measure the best energy resolution on the Speedster-EXD detector to be 206 eV (3.5%) at 5.89 keV and 172 eV (10.0%) at 1.49 keV. The average IPC to the four adjacent pixels is measured to be 0.25%±0.2% (i.e., consistent with zero). The pixel-to-pixel gain variation is measured to be 0.80%±0.03%, and a Monte Carlo simulation is applied to better characterize the contributions to the energy resolution.
Anaphor Binding: What French Inanimate Anaphors Show

Owing to different ideas about what counts as an anaphor subject to Condition A, two influential but superficially incompatible versions of Condition A of binding theory have coexisted: Chomsky’s (1986) version, and versions of predicate-based binding theories defended by Pollard and Sag (1992) and Reinhart and Reuland (1993) and modified in various ways since ( Pollard 2005, Reuland 2011). Using inanimate anaphors to independently control for sensitivity to Condition A without the confound of logophoricity, we show that Condition A must be checked at the syntax-interpretation interface and that Chomsky’s (1986) version (an anaphor must be bound within the smallest complete functional complex containing it and a possible binder) is nearly correct, with one amendment: a tensed TP boundary is opaque to the search for an antecedent. Given these results, we argue that Condition A should be reduced to phase theory and we outline how this can be done.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with or without surgery for primary and metastatic liver tumors.

Objectives We report single center experience on the outcome and toxicity of SBRT alone or in combination with surgery for inoperable primary and metastatic liver tumors between 2007 and 2014.
Yield estimation of CNFET-based circuits with imperfections

One of the major challenges faced by CNFET technology is unwanted growth of metallic tubes that adversely affect the performance, power, and yield of circuits designed with CNFETs. Selective Chemical Etching (SCE) and VLSI-Compatible Metallic-Carbon-Nanotube Removal (VMR) techniques have been proposed to remove the unwanted metallic tubes. Unfortunately, both of these techniques also remove a large fraction of semiconducting tubes. Tube removal can result in degradation of circuit performance and non-functioning open-circuit logic gates. We have developed analytical models to quickly estimate the functional yield of CNFET-based circuits, in the presence of metallic tubes, and after their removal. The absolute difference in functional yield magnitudes between Monte Carlo simulations and our analytical models differ between 0.4% and 2.6% for an inverter, and between 0.2% and 3.4% for NAND/NOR gates.
Receptivity to e-cigarette marketing, harm perceptions, and e-cigarette use

Objective To test whether exposure and receptivity to e-cigarette marketing are associated with recent e-cigarette use among young adults through increased beliefs that e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes.
Study on the Subsurface Damage of KDP Crystal Ground with Ultrasonic Vibration Assistance

The KDP workpiece ground with ultrasonic vibration assistance was examined by polishing method and chemical etching so as to show the pattern and the depth of subsurface damage.The data could be meaningful for the subsequent machining.The research shows that with the technical condition in this paper,the subsurface damage was mainly composed of median cracks in the direction of abrasive movement,and the distance between cracks was in a certain trend.The subsurface damage depth was 19-48 μm.Comparing to grits size,the shape of tool head (chamfered or not chamfered) was of a more dominant rule on the depth of subsurface damage.Lower depth of subsurface damage could be obtained using tool with chamfered head.
Ethanol-Induced Inhibition of Human Intestinal Enzyme Activities: Reversal by Folic Acid

The effects of ethyl alcohol on intestinal enzyme activities were studied in 10 normal volunteer subjects consuming either a constant, synthetic diet containing 100 gg of folic acid per day, or an ad libitum mixed diet. During the constant diet, ethanol (15 ml four times a day) caused a 36 to 45% decrease in the activities of the glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase, fructose-l-phosphate aldolase, fructose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase, and a 58% decrease in the activity of the gluconeogenetic enzyme fructose-l, 6-diphosphatase. Conversely, the ethanol caused a 33% increase in the activity of pyruvate kinase. Folate given with the ethanol reversed the inhibitory action of ethanol by causing a 44% increase in fructose-l-phosphate aldolase, 42% in fructose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase, and 45% in hexokinase, and no change in fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase activity. A synergistic effect occurred with pyruvate kinase which showed a maximum (2.8-fold) increase in activity when both folate and ethanol were given. Folic acid alone caused a 1.6- to 2-fold increase in all the enzymes. Mean plasma and red blood cell folate levels were 1.7 and 116 ng per ml, respectively, at the beginning of the study, and increased to 34.3 and 196 ng per ml, respectively, after folate treatment. Ethanol treatment did not interfere with the absorption of folate when large doses of 15 mg per day were administered, and at no time during the study did folate levels decrease below control values. With the ad libitum mixed diet, changes in enzyme activities with ethanol and folate were qualitatively similar to those seen during the constant synthetic diet. The effect of ethanol and folic acid on intestinal enzyme activities demonstrates how ethanol and folic acid may interact by affecting mutually susceptible enzymes.
Comparative feeding value of supplemental fat in finishing diets for feedlot steers supplemented with and without monensin.

Two comparative slaughter trials and a metabolism trial were conducted. Treatments consisted of: 1) 0 fat, 0 monensin; 2) 4% yellow grease, 0 monensin; 3) 0 fat, 33 mg/kg monensin and 4) 4% yellow grease, 33 mg/kg monensin. Trial 1 involved 104 crossbred beef steers (267 kg) in a 140-d comparative slaughter trial. There were no interactions (P greater than .20) between supplemental fat and monensin on steer performance. Monensin supplementation decreased rate of weight gain (P less than .10) and feed intake (P less than .05) with no effect on energy value of the diet (P greater than .20). Fat supplementation increased (P less than .01) rate of weight gain 12.5% and increased the net energy for maintenance (NEm) and net energy for gain (NEg) value of the diet 8.5 and 9.4%, respectively. Trial 2 involved 154 Holstein steers (290 kg) in a 94-d comparative slaughter trial. There were no interactions between supplemental fat and monensin (P greater than .20). Monensin supplementation did not affect rate or composition of gain (P greater than .20), but supplementation reduced (P less than .05) feed intake and feed required per unit weight gain 3.6%. Fat supplementation increased (P less than .01) fat and energy gain 12.5 and 10.3%, respectively, and the NEm and NEg content of the diet 7.5 and 8.4%, respectively. Trial 3 utilized four crossbred beef steers (220 kg) with cannulas in the rumen, proximal duodenum and distal ileum. There were no interactions between supplemental fat and monensin with respect to site of digestion (P greater than .20). Supplemental fat did not affect (P greater than .20) organic matter, starch, fiber or N digestion. Intestinal digestibility of fat averaged 77.3%. Monensin increased (P less than .10) intestinal digestibility of fat 7.4%. There were negative associative effects between supplemental fat and monensin on ruminal acetate:propionate ratios and estimated methane production. It was concluded that the feeding value of feed fat is underestimated in tables of feed standards currently in use, and that the net effects of monensin on these estimates are additive.
Neonatal Nurse and Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Fatigue

Abstract Current workforce shortages may cause some neonatal nurses and neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) to schedule and work more hours than their normal hours, leading to inadequate sleep and recovery. Sleep related fatigue of neonatal nurses, including NNPs, is a serious but common health issue that can lead to personal and patient safety problems if not effectively addressed. Elements contributing to sleep disturbances and related fatigue are multifactorial, and include personal, work group, organizational and administrative factors. Improving individual knowledge and accountability while working collaboratively with employers and regulatory bodies to address these issues can improve safety and quality of care for patients and improve the health and wellbeing of neonatal nurses and NNPs.
Paradigmatische Einfachheit, technische Schwierigkeit: eine vorläufige Auseinandersetzung mit dem vierten Kapitel des „Angelpunkts der Struktivkraft“ des „Inneren Klassikers des Gelben Fürsten“ (Huangdi Neijing Lingshu 黄帝内經靈樞)

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem vierten Kapitel des „Angelpunkts der Struktivkraft“ des „Inneren Klassikers des Gelben Fursten“ (Huangdi Neijing Lingshu 黄帝内經靈樞), das die Grundlage fur ein Behandlungskonzept bietet, das auf den Bedeutungen der verschiedenen Qualitaten der Pulse basiert. Die Veranderungen der den Funktionskreisen zugeordneten Pulsqualitaten werden Pathologien zugeordnet, die mit speziellen Nadeltechniken behandelt werden konnen und die von der in der modernen TCM verbreiteten Pulslehre abweichen. Am Ende des Artikels wird diese klassische Herangehensweise mit einem Fallbeispiel veranschaulicht. This article examines the fourth chapter of the “Yellow Thearch’s Spiritual Axis” as the basis for a paradigm of treatment on quality indications in visceral pulses. The visceral pulse transformations into distinct qualities indicate pathologies, which are remediated with specific needle techniques. The article concludes with an illustrative case study.
Vanquishing the False Self: Winnicott, Critical Theory, and the Restoration of the Spontaneous Gesture

This chapter uses Winnicott’s theory and practice in juxtaposition with critical theory. While critical theorists consistently identify a disconcerting absence of meaningful subjectivity, and lament a host of sociopolitical problems stemming from that lacuna, they offer few clear answers as to how to positively answer this lack. In Winnicott, this paper locates not only essential mechanisms for supporting the transcendence of the False Self formation, but also the seeds of a politics of obdurate authenticity, which Buzby will develop by reading Winnicott through the lens of critical theory. By placing Winnicott’s work in juxtaposition with critical theory, therefore, both will be made productive in new ways that speak to important political questions inherent in contemporary society.
Association of Pectoralis Minor Muscle Extensibility, Shoulder Mobility, and Duration of Manual Wheelchair Use.

Abstract Objective To assess the relation of pectoralis minor muscle (PMm) length and extensibility to shoulder pain, shoulder girdle motion, and duration of manual wheelchair (MWC) use, and to compare differences in muscle length, muscle extensibility, peak humeral elevation, and pain among groups based on duration of wheelchair use. Design Cross-sectional cohort study. Setting Laboratory setting. Participants Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who used an MWC for daily community and home mobility (N=22; 18 men; mean age, 41.7y; duration wheelchair use, 14.6y). Participants were stratified into groups based on duration of wheelchair use: 15 years (n=8). Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Clinical measures of PMm length and extensibility, shoulder girdle motion, and shoulder pain (Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index). Results Significant high correlations were found among duration of wheelchair use, passive PMm length, passive PMm extensibility, and peak humerothoracic elevation. Moderate correlation of peak humerothoracic elevation to pain was found. Individuals with >15 years wheelchair use had reduced PMm extensibility and reduced peak humerothoracic elevation than those with Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first investigation to identify the association of reduced PMm extensibility with reduced shoulder girdle mobility, pain, and duration of wheelchair use in individuals with SCI.
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections

Abstract Urinary tract infections are amongst the most common bacterial infections. They can occur in either an uncomplicated host setting, where there is no underlying structural or functional abnormality of the patient's genitourinary tract, or complicated, where there is. For the latter, common predisposing factors are the presence of a foreign body, including urinary catheter, or disruption of normal urinary flow by obstruction or retention. Bacteria vary widely in their ability to successfully invade the urinary tract; the vast majority of such infections being due to a small number of species. The route is usually ascension from the urethra. Certain uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli are the most proficient as measured by their frequency of being the identified cause. Such strains display a number of virulence factors which enable them to occupy this niche – which with increasing understanding, may promote different methods of treating. Other species are often implicated only in the presence of an underlying urological abnormality. The presence of a urinary catheter, or other urine drainage device, provides a ready scaffold for organisms to develop a biofilm, which in turn shields them from being eradicated successfully. Renal calculi similarly can be linked to biofilm production.
Abstract 12657: Congenital Pseudoaneurysm of the Mitral-Aortic Intervalvular Fibrosa: A Case Report

Introduction: The mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is the area of fibrous continuity between the mitral and aortic valves. Pseudoaneurysm formation can rarely occur here after trauma, co...
Liposomal TriCurin, A Synergistic Combination of Curcumin, Epicatechin Gallate and Resveratrol, Repolarizes Tumor-Associated Microglia/Macrophages, and Eliminates Glioblastoma (GBM) and GBM Stem Cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain tumor with a current mean survival of 12–15 months. Despite being a potent anti-cancer agent, the turmeric ingredient curcumin (C) has limited anti-tumor efficacy in vivo due to its low bioavailability. We have reported earlier a strategy involving the use two other polyphenols, epicatechin gallate (E) from green tea and resveratrol (R) from red grapes at a unique, synergistic molar ratio with C (C:E:R: 4:1:12.5, termed TriCurin) to achieve superior potency against HPV+ tumors than C alone at C:E:R (μM): 32:8:100 (termed 32 μM+ TriCurin). We have now prepared liposomal TriCurin (TrLp) and demonstrated that TrLp boosts activated p53 in cultured GL261 mouse GBM cells to trigger apoptosis of GBM and GBM stem cells in vitro. TrLp administration into mice yielded a stable plasma concentration of 210 nM C for 60 min, which, though sub-lethal for cultured GL261 cells, was able to cause repolarization of M2-like tumor (GBM)-associated microglia/macrophages to the tumoricidal M1-like phenotype and intra-GBM recruitment of activated natural killer cells. The intratumor presence of such tumoricidal immune cells was associated with concomitant suppression of tumor-load, and apoptosis of GBM and GBM stem cells. Thus, TrLp is a potential onco-immunotherapeutic agent against GBM tumors.
Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Daily Stressors, and Daily Well-Being: Examining Chain of Risk Models.

Objectives This article models the chain of risk that links life course socioeconomic status (SES), daily stressor exposure and severity, and daily well-being. Method Data from the main survey and the daily diary project of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher study were combined, resulting in 782 participants (55.6% female; age 25-74, Mage = 47.9) who reported on 5,849 days of information on daily stressors and daily well-being. Data were measured at both person and day levels. Between-person predictor variables include childhood SES, education, and adult SES. Within-person daily variables assessed exposure to daily stressors, severity of daily stressors, positive affect, negative affect, and daily physical symptoms. We contrasted hypothesized models, the chain of risk trigger effect model versus the additive model within a multilevel structural equation modeling framework. Results The influences of life course SES and daily stressor exposure and severity on daily well-being were better described by the chain of risk additive model than the chain of risk trigger effect model. Childhood SES was directly and indirectly (through education, adult SES, and daily stressor exposure and severity) associated with daily well-being (in between-person level), especially daily physical symptoms and daily negative affect. Discussion Childhood may be a sensitive period that has salient implications for day-to-day well-being later in life.
Thread-Safe SHMEM Extensions

This paper is intended to serve as a proposal for thread safety extensions to the OpenSHMEM specification and at the same time describes planned support for thread-safety for Cray SHMEM on Cray XE and XC systems.
Making searchable melodies: human versus machine

Systems that find music recordings based on hummed or sung, melodic input are called Query-By-Humming (QBH) systems. Such systems employ search keys that are more similar to a cappella singing than the original recordings. Successful deployed systems use human computation to create these search keys: hand-entered MIDI melodies or recordings of a cappella singing. Tunebot is one such system. In this paper, we compare search results using keys built from two automated melody extraction system to those gathered using two populations of humans: local paid singers and Amazon Turk workers.