cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Petroclival Meningiomas: A Review of the Development of Current Therapy

The surgical management of petroclival meningioma remains challenging, due to the difficulty of accessing the region and the vital structures adjacent to the origin of these tumors. Petroclival meningiomas were originally considered largely unresectable. Until the 1970s, resection carried a 50% mortality rate, with very high rates of operative morbidity if attempted. However, in the past 40 years, advances in neuroimaging and approaches to the region were refined, and results from resection of petroclival meningiomas have become more acceptable. Today, the developments of a multitude of surgical approaches as well as innovations in neuroimaging and stereotactic radiotherapy have proved powerful options for multimodality management of these challenging tumors.
Effect of wind gradient on the trajectory synthesis algorithms of the Center-TRACON Automation System (CTAS)

CTAS consists of three separate tools, and is intended to aid the air traffic controller in efficiently and safely managing the arrival traffic. Integral to the operation of the CTAS is the 4D trajectory synthesis (TS) algorithm that integrates the point mass equations of motion of arriving aircraft to ascertain projected descent trajectories and feeder fix arrival times. Many simplifying assumptions in the equations of motion have been made in the formation of the 4D TS algorithm, including, initially, the omission of the effect of a change in mean wind velocity with altitude, the wind velocity gradient, on the kinematics of the aircraft's descent. Contrary to this assumption, the effect of the wind velocity gradient is shown herein to be significant in the determination of the descent trajectory, and must, therefore, be included in the 4D TS of the CTAS. (Author)
Visual framing of Muslim women in the Arab Spring: Prominent, active, and visible

This content analysis of still images explores how leading media from the US and Middle East (CNN and Al-Jazeera) visually framed Muslim women during the Arab Spring. The findings indicate that whe...
Progress in Etiology of Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile disease with multisystem vasculitis in childhood and its serious complication is cardiovascular lesions,such as coronary artery dilation and coronary aneurysm.The etiology of Kawasaki disease is still unknown.Many bacterials and viruses,which induce the hyperactivity of immunity through conventional antigen or super antigen,may be related to Kawasaki disease.Epidemiology research found that the development of Kawasaki disease had heredity susceptibility,and the coronary artery lesion was related to inflammation gene polymorphism.In this article,we review the etiology of Kawasaki disease in three aspects:infection,immunity and heredity.
Occupational Health Examination Results of Benzene Mixture Exposed Workers in Hefei City in 2010

[Objective]To understand the health status of benzene mixture-exposed workers and its effect on workers' health.[Methods]Health examination(including Occupational history,examination of internal medicine,blood,ECG,etc)was performed on 214 workers with exposure to benzene mixture and 190 people of control.[Results]Comparing the exposure group with the control group,the difference of neurasthenic syndrome was significant(χ2=21.82,P0.01).WBC,PLT percentage reduction of exposure group was higher than that of control group(χ2were 12.95 and 7.97,both P 0.01).Menstrual disorders,the positive rate of change in menstrual flow of exposure group were higher than those of control group.ECG abnormality between the 2 groups was significantly different.[Conclusion]Benzene mixture has a certain effect on the health of operating workers.
Neuroprotective effects of green tea polyphenols on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects of green tea polyphenols( GTPs) on the MPTP induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse model of PD.Methods Male C57BL /6 mice were randomly divided into following three groups( n = 12/group) : The saline control group,mice were treated with saline followed by saline treatment; The model group,the mice were treated with MPTP followed by saline treatment; Therapeutic group,the mice were first treated with MPTP and followed by the green tea polyphenols injection; The Open field test,HPLC,Western Blotting and colorimetric method were used to detect the motor function,striatal level of DA,2-hydroxy benzene acetic acid( DOPAC) and homovanillic acid( HVA),the HSP70 protein level,SOD activity and MDA content in different groups.Results The spontaneous activity in open field test,striatal DA,DOPAC and HVA contents,SOD activity in PD mice treated with green tea polyphenols were significantly higher than those of the PD mice( P0.05); The rest time in open field test and HSP70 protein level in green tea polyphenols treated PD mice were significantly lower than PD mice( P0.05).Conclusion GTPs can ameliorate MPTP-induced fuctional deficits in mice.The neuroprotective effect of GTPs may be associated with their strong antioxidant capacity in vivo and its strong capacity of protein processing.
Design and Advance of Total Quality Management in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The application of total quality management in centers for disease control and prevention is benefit to the rational use of the resources and providing better technical service,which not only complies with the national aim on strengthening the construction of disease control system,but also meets the requirements of people to the public health service.As the producing sector of government’s public health service,the centers for disease control and prevention show social,political and technological characteristics;consequently,it is very complicated and special to advance the total quality management in centers for disease control and prevention.It is necessary to design and establish the quality management patterns applying to the centers for disease control and prevention to advance the total quality management efficiently and systematically.
Mechanisms of cancer cachexia.

Cachexia is common in cancer patients and its presence has a negative impact on response to therapy. Likely mechanisms of cancer cachexia include tumor production of cachexia-producing factors and host production of similar factors in an attempt to defend against the tumor. Host cytokines including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ are potential mediators of cancer cachexia. Evidence for each is described and a hypothesis for the mechanism of cancer cachexia is given.
River budget for the Rio Grande, El Paso-Juarez Valley

Recent streamflow trends in the Rio Grande through the El Paso–Juarez Valley have potential significance for water resource issues along the United States–Mexico boundary formed by the river. A river budget is prepared for the 133 km reach between gages at El Paso and Fort Quitman. Six periods are identified between 1889–1980 during which streamflow at Fort Quitman remained consistent in proportion to that received at El Paso. Shifts in the gage relationship are ascribed to changes in the relative importance of river budget parameters dependent on climatic variability, land use conversion, and river management history.
Characteristics that make dynamic systems difficult for a human to control

We present results from an experiment in which 55 human subjects each interact with a dynamic system 40 times over a one-week period. The subjects are divided into 5 groups of 11 subjects. Each group interacts with a different system. We use the experimental results to determine characteristics (e.g., system zeros, relative degree, phase lag) that can make systems difficult for a human to control. We use subsystem identification to model the control strategies (feedback and feedforward) that each subject uses during their first and last trials. For each group, the average identified feedforward controller on the last trial approximates the inverse dynamics of the system with which the subjects in that group interacted.
Management of radial artery perforation during transradial catheterization using a polytetrafluoroethylene covered coronary stent.

An 88-year-old woman underwent attempted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through a right radial approach. Catheterization was complicated by radial artery perforation. Conservative therapeutic options including external compression, advancement of a diagnostic catheter distal to the perforation, and balloon tamponade failed to control the bleeding requiring deployment of a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stent to seal the perforation. We describe the stepwise approach advocated for managing a radial perforation and summarize relevant literature available for the same.
Dual-mode compact microstrip antenna based on fundamental backward wave

In this paper, a dual-mode compact microstrip antenna based on the fundamental backward wave supported by a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial transmission line (TL) is demonstrated. The physical size and operational frequencies of the antenna are determined by the CRLH metamaterial's unit-cell. This antenna is capable of monopolar radiation at one resonant frequency and patch-like radiation at another resonant frequency. Numerical and experimental results of a three unit-cell CRLH-based antenna are used to verify the authors' claims.
An improved nonlinear-estimation based chaotic communication scheme

In this work, an improved nonlinear estimator based scheme is introduced to enhance the performance of a previously proposed chaotic digital communication scheme. The earlier scheme was improved in two ways. First the speed of the scheme is improved by a factor greater than ten, therefore is more suitable for real time communication where all delays (including processing time) must be kept extremely small in applications such as radar communication, telephony, and videoconferencing. Second, the new scheme's bit error rate performance is superior to that of the previous one. The key factor for the fast decoding of this new algorithm is that it is designed based on faster divergence of the estimator in case of chaotic system mismatch. Simulation results are provided and show the feasibility and superiority of our scheme over the earlier proposed one.
It’s only natural: the mediating impact of consumers’ attribute inferences on the relationships between product claims, perceived product healthfulness, and purchase intentions

Foods positioned as natural, all-natural, and 100% natural can be found across a wide variety of product categories. However, the FDA has not provided a formal definition of the term “natural,” and this has resulted in a surge in class action lawsuits filed against manufacturers due to the potentially misleading use of natural claims. Activation theory and the inferential processing literature serve as the conceptual foundation for three studies that examine the effects of natural claims on consumers’ attribute inferences and product evaluations. Results suggest that natural claims affect consumers’ attribute inferences, which in turn influence product evaluations. Furthermore, findings show that the provision of objective information regarding the ambiguity of natural claims moderates the effects of these claims on consumers’ attribute inferences and product evaluations. The implications for marketing management, those involved in litigation driven by potentially deceptive natural claims, and the policy community are discussed.
The effect of phonetic complexity on the speed of single-word productions in adults who do and do not stutter

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of phonetic complexity as measured by the Word Complexity Measure (WCM) on the speed of single-word production in adults who do (AWS, n = 15) and do not stutter (AWNS, n = 15). Method Participants were required to name pictures of high versus low phonetic complexity and balanced for lexical properties. Speech reaction time was recorded from initial presentation of the picture to verbal response of participant for each word type. Accuracy and fluency were manually coded for each production. Results AWS named pictures significantly slower than AWNS, but there were no significant differences observed in response latency when producing word of high versus low phonetic complexity as measured by the WCM. Conclusion Findings corroborate past research of overall slowed picture naming latencies in AWS, compared to AWNS. Findings conflict with data that suggest that the phonetic complexity of words uniquely compromises the speed of production in AWS. The potential interaction between lexical and phonetic factors on single-word production within each group are discussed.
Tanks and temples: benchmarking large-scale scene reconstruction

We present a benchmark for image-based 3D reconstruction. The benchmark sequences were acquired outside the lab, in realistic conditions. Ground-truth data was captured using an industrial laser scanner. The benchmark includes both outdoor scenes and indoor environments. High-resolution video sequences are provided as input, supporting the development of novel pipelines that take advantage of video input to increase reconstruction fidelity. We report the performance of many image-based 3D reconstruction pipelines on the new benchmark. The results point to exciting challenges and opportunities for future work.
Comparing educational interventions: Correcting misperceived norms improves college students' mental health attitudes

This research targeted potential psychological contributors to college students' low levels of help-seeking for mental distress using a field experiment. Researchers randomly assigned 520 undergraduates to 15-min interventions: a novel, theory-driven social norms intervention correcting misperceived distress, stigma, and help-seeking norms; a general education intervention increasing mental health awareness; and a stress management active control condition. The norms intervention instilled more accurate perceptions of mental health norms and temporarily reduced perceived public stigma compared to other conditions. The norms and general education interventions improved attitudes toward seeking help for mental distress for at least 2 months, relative to the control. Effects on help-seeking behavior were not observed in this timeframe. This research elucidates the robustness of brief social psychological mental health interventions on college campuses.
3D Wireless: The Promise and Challenges of Next-Generation Space and Airborne Wireless Systems Conference Report

As the number of airborne and space systems increases, their coordination becomes more challenging. This proliferation of wireless devices operating above the Earth may lead to several types of collisions. One potential risk is physical collisions. A second risk is the collision of signals within the receivers of the devices, known as interference. Finally, there may be collisions of regulations as operators work to comply with a range of national and international rulemaking bodies. To examine these issues, the Silicon Flatirons Center for Law, Technology, and Entrepreneurship held a conference titled 3D Wireless: The Promise and Challenges of Next-Generation Space and Airborne Wireless Systems with industry experts on October 4, 2017. Participants explored ways that airborne and space systems’ use of physical space and the radio spectrum could be improved to support innovation, while also protecting public safety and incumbent operators. They offered a series of recommendations to accomplish these goals, including: • Better coordinating satellites to prevent pollution of space by collision debris; • Reusing spectrum by having radio links look outside of the equatorial band to satellites with orbits that do not stay directly over the equator; • Using multi-stakeholder groups and risk-based interference assessments to address interference issues; • Allowing overlays, which permit new rights in the marketplace that are subordinate to existing transmission rights; • Encouraging projects like NASA’s Unmanned Aerial Systems Traffic Management, which would provide identification and tracking services for drones that are currently in the air; • Recognizing that drones are not fully autonomous today, and better educating operators of their responsibility to fly drones safely; and • Scaling production and pursuing vertical integration within companies to reduce per-unit costs. These steps, along with other suggestions detailed in this report, should aid in the process of bolstering innovation, while protecting public safety and incumbent operators in the airborne and space systems industry.
An analytical study on horizontally collaborative transportation strategies

Companies are continuously searching for competitive advantages. Horizontal collaborative transportation among companies brings feasible benefits in distributing products to the market. However, each company's specific cost structure has an influence on the decisions concerning whether horizontal collaboration (HC) strategy should be adopted. This is an analytical study of conditions for adopting the HC strategy in competitive circumstances. The study investigates applying different strategy scopes for balancing costs and optimizing profits.
Clever Strategies for Controlled Drug Release and Targeted Drug Delivery

The large gains in knowledge of molecular biology have made it possible for pharmaceutical companies and researchers to make “designer” drugs and to target the drugs at specific disease points in the body rather than subjecting the entire organism to the effects of the drug. In this way, drugs may act much more efficiently.
Recent Developments in Chemistry of Organolanthanides and Organoactinides

In contrast with pi-bonded organometallic compounds of the lanthanides1 and actinides2, which date to the mid 1950’s, encompass a large variety of ligands3 and culminate with the synthesis of bis-(cyclooctatetraenyl)uranium (“uranocene”),4 the preparation of sigma-bonded lanthanide and actinide organometallics is relatively recent. Early attempts to prepare simple oganometallic derivatives, such as U(CH3)4 5, Y(C2H5)3, and Sc(C2H5)3 6, often resulted in poorly characterized or irreproducible products. Sigma-bonded derivatives of both the lanthanide7,8 and actinide9 elements are now known and well characterized.10
Clinical Evidence of Lice Resistance to Over-the-Counter Products:

Antecedents : Les solutions insecticides en vente demeurent le taitement le plus utilise dans la plupart des cas de poux de tete. L'activite insecticide documentee il y a 15 ans atteignait 100 % contre 80 % pour l'activite ovicide. Des comptes rendus occasionnels font recemment etat d'une possible resistance au traitement. Objectifs : Documenter le consensus voulant que les poux de tete presentent maintenant une resistance aux medicaments en vente libre. Methodes : Evaluation directe de la letalite de la permethrine et du pyrethroide pour les poux adultes. Resultats : Les produits actuellement offerts en vente libre se sont reveles efficaces dans seulement 9 des 32 cas de poux de tete evalues (activite insecticide de 28 %). Conclusions : Notre serie de cas ajoute a la documentation voulant que les preparations offertes en vente livre contre les poux de tete n'atteignent plus un haut degre d'activite insecticide, ce qui suggere une resistance accrue des parasites a ces insecticides.
Estimating log P with atom/fragments and water solubility with log P

An atom/fragment contribution method that predicts log P is described. Coefficient values for 150 atom/fragments and 250 correction factors have been derived from a training set of 2473 compounds. When applied to an independent validation set of 10589 compounds, the method estimates log P with excellent accuracy (correlation coefficient r 2 of 0.943, standard deviation of 0.473, and absolute mean error of 0.354). A method that predicts water solubility from log P is also described.
Parents’ and Children’s Rights in Conflict: The Religious Exemption to Treatment

Public attention has recently focused on a number of instances in which parents have refused consent to medical care for their children, based on the parents’ belief in “faith healing” and/or their rejection of the value of currently accepted medical treatment. The exact number of such cases nationwide is unknown and the underlying reasons for the increase in numbers are varied. But at a minimum they include a resurgence in the United States of fundamentalist religions, the primacy of the family in society, and the notion that government intervention into the private lives of citizens has gone too far.
Orientalizing New Spain: Perspectives on Asian Influence in Colonial Mexico

This article examines the totality of Asia’s influence on New Spain that resulted from the conquest of Manila in 1571 and the regularization of transpacific trade – more widely known as the Manila Galleons or naos de China – between the Philippines and Acapulco. In its wake, a steady stream of Asian immigrants, commodities, and manufacturing techniques measurably impacted colonial society and economy through a process the author calls “Orientalization.” However, “Orientalization” should in no way be equated with Edward Said’s. Resumen:Este articulo investiga la totalidad de la influencia de Asia sobre la Nueva Espana que resulto de la conquista de Manila en 1571 y la regularizacion del comercio Transpacifico -comunmente conocido como los galeones de Manila o las naos de China- entre las Filipinas y Acapulco. En sus inicios, una oleada constante de inmigrantes asiaticos, mercancias y nuevas tecnicas de produccion influyeron mesuradamente en la sociedad y la economia colonial mediante un proceso que el autor denomina “Orientalizacion”. No obstante, en ninguna manera “Orientalizacion” se debe equiparar con el concepto de Edward Said de “Orientalismo” por la relacion historica, unica e intima de la Nueva Espana con Asia a principios de la edad Moderna.
Mao and Gandhi in the Fight Against Corruption: Popular Film and Social Change in China and India

The worldwide media attention garnered by the Bo Xilai scandal in China and Anna Hazare’s hunger strike in India in 2011 highlighted a shared frustration with corruption as the two nations entered the Asian Century. This chapter examines the mobilization of state ideology in popular anti-corruption films from China (Fatal Decision, 2000) and India (Lage Raho Munna Bhai, 2006), arguing that they look to assuage the social pains incurred by the increased pace of modernization and globalization by presenting citizens with nostalgic solutions based in the founding principles of each nation. Both films, popular with audiences and the state, avoid a systemic solution to the problem of corruption, choosing rather to focus on individual behavior and conservative nostalgia in the face of an uncertain future.
Pharmacomicrobiomics: The Holy Grail to Variability in Drug Response?

The human body, with 3.0 × 1013 cells and more than 3.8 × 1013 microorganisms, has nearly a one-to-one ratio of resident microbes to human cells. Initiatives like the Human Microbiome Project, American Gut, and Flemish Gut have identified associations between microbial taxa and human health. The study of interactions between microbiome and pharmaceutical agents, i.e., pharmacomicrobiomics, has revealed an instrumental role of the microbiome in modulating drug response that alters the therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we present our current comprehension of the relationship of the microbiome, host biology, and pharmaceutical agents such as cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, and chemotherapeutic agents to human disease and treatment outcomes. We also discuss the significance of studying diet-gene-drug interactions and further address the key challenges associated with pharmacomicrobiomics. Finally, we examine proposed models employing systems biology for the application of pharmacomicrobiomics and other -omics data, and provide approaches to elucidate microbiome-drug interactions to improve future translation to personalized medicine.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/nano-Ag-TiO2 membrane DNA electrochemical biosensor

A highly sensitive DNA electrochemical biosensor was prepared based on multi-walled carbon nanotube/nano-Ag-TiO2 composite membrane. The Ag-TiO2 composite is mixed with a suitable amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide to form a uniform and stable mixed solution, which is applied onto the surface of the bare carbon paste electrode. A MWNT/Ag-TiO2 modified carbon paste electrode was prepared. The large specific surface area and good electron transport properties of carbon nanotubes have a good synergistic effect on the good biocompatibility of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposites and excellent adsorption capacity of DNA, which significantly improves the immobilization and DNA hybridization of DNA probes. Detection sensitivity. The preparation of the sensing membrane and the immobilization and hybridization of DNA were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The exogenous glufosinate acetyltransferase gene fragment of transgenic plants was detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The linear range was 1. 0 * 10 - 11; 1. 0 * 10 - 6 mol / L. The detection limit was 3. 12 * 10 - 12 mol / L.
Finding healing through animal companionship in Japanese animal cafés

Animal cafes-businesses in which customers pay by the hour to have a drink and relax in a space filled with cats, rabbits or other animals-began to appear in Japan in 2004, as a part of the iyashi healing boom. The iyashi boom, in goods and experiences that offer emotional and physical healing, was a response to problems of economic and social precarity triggered by the end of the Japanese bubble and the changing economic situation, particularly among younger Japanese facing the loss of earlier forms of social support and community. Animal cafes offer iyashi to their customers by providing them a refuge from the stress of their everyday lives, where they can relax through engagement with companion animals, rather than returning to tiny, empty apartments. The focus of these businesses is to offer the opportunity to develop positive affective relationships with the animals, who offer stress relief, physical affection, and a listening ear to the visitors who come to spend time with them.This research explores the way that affective relationships with animals in these cafes are being used as a method to maintain emotional well-being and control stress levels. Based on 18 months of anthropological fieldwork in Tokyo, Japan, this paper draws on the narratives of cafe visitors to argue that the popularity of these businesses is indicative of a shift towards the commodification of care relationships, and that visitors are using animals to reduce their stress in order to further productivity, by investigating how affective connections with non-human animals helps them feel 'healed"', and to explore how this relates to larger social considerations about healing and wellness in modern Japan.
Tongue Force Training Induces Plasticity of the Lingual Motor Cortex in Young Adult and Aged Rats.

Tongue exercise programs are used clinically for dysphagia in aged individuals and have been shown to improve lingual strength. However, the neural mechanisms of age-related decline in swallowing function and its association with lingual strength are not well understood. Using an established rat model of aging and tongue exercise, we hypothesized that the motor cortex of aged rats would have a smaller lingual motor map area than young adult rats and would increase in size as a function of tongue exercise. Over 8 weeks, rats either underwent a progressive resistance tongue exercise program (TE), learned the task but did not exercise (trained controls, TC), or were naive untrained controls (UC). Cortical motor map areas for tongue and jaw were determined using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS). Rats in the TE and TC groups had a significantly larger motor cortex region for the tongue than the UC group. Lingual cortical motor area was not correlated with protrusive tongue force gains and did not differ significantly with age. These results suggest that learning a novel tongue force skill was sufficient to induce plasticity of the lingual motor cortex yet increasing tongue strength with progressive resistance exercise did not significantly expand the lingual motor area beyond the gains that occurred through the skilled learning component.
Could Vitamin D influence risk for Periodontal Disease - to "D" or not to "D"?

The purpose of this review is to discuss the literature on associations between vitamin D and periodontal disease, including its strengths and weaknesses. Future direction for continued work in this area is provided. Research in cross-sectional cohorts, surveys, and case-control studies provide support for a role of vitamin D in periodontal disease, especially using clinical indicators such as bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss. However, these studies have a number of limitations. They cannot establish temporality of these associations. Most case-control studies have been limited in sample size and have inconsistent findings. A number of cross-sectional studies are restricted to select populations (e.g., persons with HIV, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis) limiting extrapolation of findings to the general aging population. Fewer prospective studies have been conducted, and only three have examined associations using a biomarker for vitamin D that reflects exposure from all its sources (sunlight, diet, and supplements). One study is limited by using self-reported measures of disease outcomes, and only two used measures of alveolar crestal height. However, of the prospective studies published, there is a suggestion that vitamin D might prevent against tooth loss. Only two randomized controlled trials have examined these associations, and they support the effects of vitamin D supplementation on prevention of tooth loss and gingival bleeding. We strongly suggest that new research should focus on prospective study designs with follow-up of participants longer than a decade and long-term clinical trials. Such studies should incorporate measures of alveolar bone loss and tooth loss with indication for reason for tooth loss. Such clinical trials should be designed to examine both the influence of vitamin D supplementation alone as well as with other nutrients (e.g., calcium) or therapeutic medications (e.g., bisphosphonates). Currently, there is no strong evidence to suggest that vitamin D protects against development of periodontal disease.
News Provenance: Revealing News Text Reuse at Web-Scale in an Augmented News Search Experience

The media industry has a practice of reusing news content, which may be a surprise to news consumers. Whether by agreement or plagiarism, a lack of explicit citations makes it difficult to understand where news comes from and how it spreads. We reveal news provenance by reconstructing the history of near-duplicate news in the web index - identifying the origins of republished content and the impact of original content. By aggregating provenance information and presenting it as part of news search results, users may be able to make more informed decisions about which articles to read and which publishers to trust. We report on early analysis and user feedback, highlighting the critical tension between the desire for media transparency and the risks of disrupting an already fragile ecosystem.
Chapter 10 – MULTIPLIER ANALYSIS

Publisher Summary A multiplier is any constant term that is used in an arithmetic operation to estimate, apportion, or project some known quantity. This chapter presents three uses of multipliers: (1) the use of standards as multipliers to estimate requirements, (2) the use of a multiplier to make dollar values from different time periods comparable using the consumer price index, and (3) the use of economic multipliers to project economic impacts. The first type of multiplier is the published standard used to estimate requirements. Standards are widely used in many fields, sometimes as final rules and sometimes only as rules of thumb that may later be modified. The second multiplier method is the use of a multiplier to make dollar values from different time periods or cost of living estimates for different locations comparable using the consumer price index. The third type of multiplier is the economic multiplier. The use of economic multipliers assumes that one dollar of additional export earnings would have greater impact on the regional economy than one dollar of local earnings.
Abstract 212: Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Glymphatic Clearance

Objectives: Therapeutic hypothermia is the most potent protective therapy for cerebral ischemia in pre-clinical models, however clinical trials have failed to show a significant benefit in patient ...
Recognizing dynamic agricultural identities in changing rural landscapes and their impact on conservation practices

Abstract Property ownership in rural areas has become increasingly complex, characterized by a mix of new and long-term residents with a range of production, protection, and consumptive values, thus contributing to increased diversity of land uses and management practices among rural landowners. Here we assess a multidimensional construct designed to reflect the variation in occupational identity held by rural landowners—the Farmer Collective Occupational Identity Construct (FCOIC), a scale first developed in Australia but not yet applied in the United States (US). We surveyed landowners in Ohio, and using factor analysis and correlations between the FCOIC and conservation practices, we found that the FCOIC behaves similarly in the US as in Australia and that the scale is correlated with some conservation practices. Some farm-focused conservation practices are relevant for all rural landowners, so we propose the importance of targeting efforts to promote these practices to the diverse sets of rural landowners.
Who Is Entitled to Do SoTL

Excerpt: The title of this essay derives from an earlier essay by Lee Shulman (2011) in which he asks this very question along with many others about the future of SoTL. His question was prompted by a challenge that he received from someone in the area of science education research to the effect that SoTL was inviting nonexperts to attempt what is a very complex and rigorous task after very little training. When I read that essay, my reaction was “Yes, that’s right! I’ve had that same question myself. How can we expect a discipline-based expert to develop expertise virtually overnight in order to ‘do’ SoTL?” So my essay is based on my own experience trying to do that very thing and my resulting attempt to answer that challenge.
Lemierre's syndrome causing profound thrombocytopenia and respiratory failure: a case report : Lemierre's syndrome with thrombocytopenia.

BACKGROUND Lemierre's syndrome is a rare oropharyngeal infection that can lead to metastatic septic emboli and thrombocytopenia. However, current literature does not report an effect on other cell lines, which we report for the first time in this case. CASE A previously healthy young African American male presented with profound thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. He was tachypenic on presentation which progressed to respiratory failure requiring intubation. Blood cultures grew Fusobacterium necrophorum and imaging revealed internal jugular venous thrombosis. He was later diagnosed with Lemierre's syndrome. The patient was treated with zosyn and fully recovered with no residual deficits in hemoglobin, white cell count, platelet level, or renal function. CONCLUSION Lemierre's syndrome can cause severe disease in otherwise healthy patients via septicemia and widespread metastatic foci which can cause severe illness. While pulmonary complications are most common, there is little report of effects on other organ systems such as bone marrow and the kidneys. Clinicians should readily evaluate for Lemierre's syndrome as the complications are severe and can lead to multiorgan failure.
Somatic reversion impacts myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia evolution in the short telomere disorders

BACKGROUNDGermline mutations in telomerase and other telomere maintenance genes manifest in the premature aging short telomere syndromes. Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) account for 75% of associated malignancies, but how these cancers overcome the inherited telomere defect is unknown.METHODSWe used ultra-deep targeted sequencing to detect somatic reversion mutations in 17 candidate telomere lengthening genes among controls and patients with short telomere syndromes with and without MDS/AML, and we tested the functional significance of these mutations.RESULTSWhile no controls carried somatic mutations in telomere maintenance genes, 29% (16 of 56) of adults with germline telomere maintenance defects carried at least 1 (P < 0.001), and 13% (7 of 56) had 2 or more. In addition to TERT promoter mutations, which were present in 19%, another 13% of patients carried a mutation in POT1 or TERF2IP. POT1 mutations impaired telomere binding in vitro and some mutations were identical to ones seen in familial melanoma associated with longer telomere length. Exclusively in patients with germline defects in telomerase RNA (TR), we identified somatic mutations in nuclear RNA exosome genes RBM7, SKIV2L2, and DIS3, where loss-of-function upregulates mature TR levels. Somatic reversion events in 6 telomere-related genes were more prevalent in patients who were MDS/AML-free (P = 0.02, RR 4.4, 95% CI 1.2-16.7), and no patient with MDS/AML had more than 1 reversion mutation.CONCLUSIONOur data indicate that diverse adaptive somatic mutations arise in the short telomere syndromes. Their presence may alleviate the telomere crisis that promotes transformation to MDS/AML.FUNDINGThis work was supported by the NIH, the Commonwealth Foundation, the S&R Foundation Kuno Award, the Williams Foundation, the Vera and Joseph Dresner Foundation, the MacMillan Pathway to Independence Award, the American Society of Hematology Scholar Award, the Johns Hopkins Research Program for Medical Students, and the Turock Scholars Fund.
Introducing Students to Human-Centered Design : A Tool for Linking Strategy and Employee Experience

This exercise introduces Human Resource Management (HRM) students to Human-centered Design. This multiple-part exercise builds skills in empathizing with applicants and employees, defining a problem statement, and engaging in ideation to improve HRM practice. In doing so, students become more aware of tensions between strategic and employee-based Human Resource Management. Variations, resources, and suggestions are provided for interested faculty.
Tissue Augmenting Palatoplasty for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency.

PURPOSE Persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) following primary palatoplasty remains a difficult problem to treat. This study evaluates speech outcomes following revision palatoplasty with tissue augmentation using buccal myomucosal flaps (BMF) as an alternative to pharyngoplasty for patients with VPI. METHODS A retrospective single-center review of revision palatoplasty with tissue augmentation at a tertiary pediatric hospital Cleft-Craniofacial Center between January 2017 and March 2021 was conducted. Patients with a history of previous palatoplasty, a diagnosis of persistent or recurrent VPI, and comprehensive pre- and postoperative speech evaluations who underwent revision palatoplasty with BMF were included. RESULTS Twenty patients met inclusion criteria (35% female, 20% syndromic). Mean age at the time of revision palatoplasty with BMF was 9.7 years. Preoperatively, all patients had stigmatizing speech and received the recommendation for speech surgery; the mean Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Score (PWSS) was 14.3 ± 4.9. The mean postoperative PWSS at the most recent assessment was 4.2 ± 2.3, representing a statistically significant improvement from preoperative scores (P < .001). Mean follow-up time was 8.9 months. Following revision palatoplasty with BMF, only one patient has received the recommendation for further speech surgery. No complications were noted. CONCLUSION In patients with VPI following primary palatoplasty, revision palatoplasty with tissue augmentation offers an alternative to pharyngoplasty. This approach preserves dynamic velopharyngeal function, improves speech outcomes, and should be considered an option when treating patients with post-primary palatoplasty VPI.
Maternal feeding goals described by low-income mothers

Abstract Objective To identify maternal feeding goals and examine associations of number and type of goals with mother and child characteristics. Design Qualitative interviews about child feeding and quantitative assessment of goal prevalence and associations with mother and child characteristics. Setting Southeastern Michigan. Participants A total of 287 low-income mothers (31% Hispanic or non-white) and their children ages 4 to 8 years. Main Outcome Measure Maternal feeding goals. Analysis Themes were generated using the constant comparative method, individual interviews were coded, and the prevalence of feeding goals was determined. Regression analyses examined associations of mother and child characteristics with the number and type of feeding goals. Results Thirteen maternal feeding goals were identified. The most prevalent were to restrict less nutrient-dense food (60%), promote autonomy around eating (54%), prevent obesity (53%), and promote fruits or vegetables (52%). A child who was female and heavier with an older, non-Hispanic white, more educated mother with less chaos in the home predicted more maternal feeding goals (all P Conclusions and Implications Depending on their current goals for child feeding, some mothers may benefit from interventions focused on goal development, whereas other mothers may benefit from interventions designed to facilitate goal implementation.
The Abstract State Machine Paradigm: What Is in and What Is out

The computing science is about computations. But what is a computation? We try to answer this question without fixing a computation model first. This brings up additional foundational questions like what is a level of abstraction? The analysis leads us to the notion of abstract state machine (ASM) and to the ASM thesis: Let A be any computer system at a fixed level of abstraction. There is an abstract state machine B that step-for-step simulates A.
The Sensitivity of a Non-Isothermal Liquid Bridge to Residual Acceleration

Liquid bridges appear in a variety of industrial processes, for example in the well-known floating-zone crystal growth technique. This crystal growth method has received much attention in recent years. In particular, there have been a variety of experiments on spacelab missions. These experiments are motivated by the fact that the microgravity environment affords the possibility of an increase in the stability of the melt meniscus and a reduction in buoyancy-driven convection. However, within the spacecraft there is a residual acceleration with variable magnitude and orientation. Under certain conditions, the response of the free surface of a liquid bridge to time-dependent residual accelerations will lead to zone breakage. In this paper the steady and unsteady behavior of isothermal and nonisothermal liquid bridge systems under normal and low gravity conditions is examined. The full nonlinear governing equations are recast in terms of a stream-function vorticity formulation together with a non-orthogonal coordinate transformation. The latter allows an irregular free boundary to coincide with a coordinate line (or surface) without the need to solve a coupled set of Laplace equations. The resulting equations are discretized using a centered finite difference scheme for space, and an Adams-Bashforth-Crank-Nicolson scheme is used for time. The equations are solved by the A.D.I. method and a Picard type iteration is used on the boundary condition for the balance of force normal to the free surface. For non-isothermal bridges, residual acceleration affects the system by causing internal buoyancy flows and fluctuations in the shape of the bridge which interact with the thermocapillary flow caused by surface tension gradients. For the cases examined, the shape of the bridge is found to be more sensitive to typical spacecraft accelerations than the buoyancy driven flow. The effect of thermocapillary flow on the surface shape is found to be small for the range of capillary and Reynolds numbers considered.
Assigning Meaning to Proofs: a semantic basis for problem solving environments

According to Tarski’s semantics, the denotation of a sentence in the classical predicate calculus with respect to a model is its truth value in that model. In this paper we associate with every sentence a set comprising evidence for it and show that a statement is true in a model exactly when there is evidence for it. According to this semantics, the denotation of a sentence is this set of evidence.
Action of gramicidin on mitochondria. 3. Activity of gramicidin derivatives.

Abstract Gramicidin A, gramicidin B, O-acetylgramicidin A, and N,O-diacetyldesformyl-gramicidin A are indistinguishable with respect to ion-dependent mitochondrial volume changes and ATPase activity. Highly purified desformylgramicidin A is consistently less active than gramicidin A under a variety of conditions. This loss of activity on removal of the formyl group may be due to the charged free amino group rather than loss of the formyl group since N,O-diacetyldesformylgramicidin A is fully active. O-methylation of gramicidin leads to a drastic reduction in activity. Based on analysis of the preparation employed, it is probable that the small residual activity may be attributed to contaminating traces of gramicidin. It is suggested that a free or potential hydroxyl group on the terminal ethanolamine moiety is a requisite for gramicidin activity. O-Acetyl derivatives may be activated within the mitochondrial inner membrane by esterase activity which may form an intrinsic part, of the energy conservation process. O-Alkyl derivatives of gramicidin would not be cleaved by this activity and accordingly would remain inactive.
Examining Student-Field Instructor Problems in Practicum

Abstract Global measures of practicum satisfaction reported by social work students often fail to capture significant, specific problem behaviors of field instructors. A national random sample of social workers was asked to recall behaviorally specific problems with field instructors that occurred during concentration practicum. Although the majority experienced no problems with field instructors, a small but significant number experienced problems that generated moderate to severe levels of distress and impacted them as professionals. Exploratory factor analysis indicates that problematic supervisory behaviors have an underlying structure as suggested in the literature. Data results and implications for field education will be addressed.