cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of shear viscosity on spectra, elliptic flow, and Hanbury Brown-Twiss radii

Here we calculate the first correction to the thermal distribution function of an expanding gas due to shear viscosity. With this modified distribution function we estimate viscous corrections to spectra, elliptic flow, and Hanbury Brown--Twiss (HBT) radii in hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions using the blast wave model. For reasonable values of the shear viscosity, viscous corrections become of the order of 1 when the transverse momentum of the particle is larger than 1.7 GeV. This places a bound on the ${p}_{T}$ range accessible to hydrodynamics for this observable. Shear corrections to elliptic flow cause ${v}_{2}{(p}_{T})$ to veer below the ideal results for ${p}_{T}\ensuremath{\approx}0.9\mathrm{GeV}.$ Shear corrections to the longitudinal HBT radius ${R}_{L}^{2}$ are large and negative. The reduction of ${R}_{L}^{2}$ can be traced to the reduction of the longitudinal pressure. Viscous corrections cause the longitudinal radius to deviate from the $1/\sqrt{{m}_{T}}$ scaling which is observed in the data and which is predicted by ideal hydrodynamics. The correction to the sideward radius ${R}_{S}^{2}$ is small. The correction to the outward radius ${R}_{O}^{2}$ is also negative and tends to make ${R}_{O}{/R}_{S}\ensuremath{\approx}1.$
Evidence-based knee injections for the management of arthritis.

Objective. Arthritis of the knee affects 46 million Americans. We aimed to determine the level of evidence of intraarticular knee injections in the management of arthritic knee pain. Methods. We systematically searched PUBMED/MEDLINE and the Cochrane databases for articles published on knee injections and evaluated their level of evidence and recommendations according to established criteria. Results. The evidence supports the use of intraarticular corticosteroid injections for rheumatoid arthritis (1A+ Level), osteoarthritis (1A+ Level), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2C+ Level). Pain relief and functional improvement are significant for months up to 1 year after the injection. Triamcinolone hexacetonide offers an advantage over triamcinolone acetonide and should be the intraarticular steroid of choice (2B+ Level). Intraarticular injection of hyaluronate may provide longer pain relief than steroid injection in osteoarthritis (2B+ Level). It can also be effective for rheumatoid arthritis knee pain (1A+ Level). However, it is only recommended for patients with significant surgical risk factors and for patients with mild radiographic disease in whom conservative treatment has failed (2B± Level). Botulinum toxin type A injection is effective in reducing arthritic knee pain (2B+ Level), and so is tropisetron (2B+ Level) and tanezumab (2B+ Level). The new agents, such as rAAV2-TNFR:Fc, SB-210396/CE 9.1, and various radioisotopes have provided various degrees of success, but their long-term safety and efficacy remains to be determined. Conclusions. We conclude that strong evidence supports the use of intraarticular knee injection as a valuable intervention in the continuum of management of arthritis between conservative treatment and knee surgeries.
Valuing uncertainty part II: the impact of risk charges in dealing with time issues in lifecycle analysis and GHG accounting

Background: We have greater certainty for what has happened in the past than for what will happen in the future. Uncertainty on the impact and value of emissions can be very large. Given all of the elements of uncertainty, we are challenged to set global targets for limiting the environmental impact of emissions, to distribute those targets among the many parties responsible for emissions, to evaluate the trajectories toward targets, to understand the risk involved in not meeting targets, to motivate the collective efforts and burden sharing or trading, and to verify that targets have been achieved. We need a clear and consistent framework for dealing with uncertainty and in this article we use the notion of a risk charge on uncertainty to investigate issues of time in GHG and lifecycle analysis accounting. Results: We address critical issues of short-term storage, time horizons, permanence, trading agreements and model error, and explain the consequences of a risk charge on the associated uncertainties. ...
Induction of protein tyrosine kinase 6 in mouse intestinal crypt epithelial cells promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis.

Background & Aims Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) is expressed in epithelial linings of the gastrointestinal tract. PTK6 sensitizes the nontransformed Rat1a fibroblast cell line to apoptotic stimuli. The aim of this study was to determine if PTK6 regulates apoptosis in vivo after DNA damage in the small intestine. Methods Wild-type and Ptk6 −/− mice were subjected to γ-irradiation; intestinal tissues were collected, protein was isolated, and samples were fixed for immunohistochemical analyses at 0, 6, and 72 hours after the mice were irradiated. Expression of PTK6 was examined in the small intestine before and after irradiation. Apoptosis and proliferation were compared between wild-type and Ptk6 −/− mice. Expression and activation of prosurvival signaling proteins were assessed. Results Irradiation induced PTK6 in crypt epithelial cells of the small intestine in wild-type mice. Induction of PTK6 corresponded with DNA damage–induced apoptosis in the wild-type small intestine. Following irradiation, the apoptotic response was impaired in the intestinal crypts of Ptk6 −/− mice. Increased activation of AKT and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and increased inhibitory phosphorylation of the proapoptotic protein BAD were detected in Ptk6 −/− mice after irradiation. In response to the induction of apoptosis, compensatory proliferation increased in the small intestines of wild-type mice but not in Ptk6 −/− mice at 6 hours after irradiation. Conclusions PTK6 is a stress-induced kinase that promotes apoptosis by inhibiting prosurvival signaling. After DNA damage, induction of PTK6 is required for efficient apoptosis and inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2.
Deep Space 3 metrology system

A metrology subsystem on board the Deep Space 3, a separated spacecraft interferometer mission, is used to determine stellar fringe delay jitter, delay rate, and initial delay. The subsystem implements two capabilities: linear metrology for optical pathlength determination and angular metrology needed to determine the configuration and orientation of the spacecraft constellation. Frequency modulated metrology concept is used to implement high-precision (5nm) interferometric linear measurements over large target ranges (1km). System is made angle sensitive by using an articulated flat mirror at the target.
Manipulating history in generative hypermedia

We continue to develop a generative hypermedia system that uses composition for browsing, collecting and organizing information samples from web pages. The system's generative actions of collecting information samples and composing them visually are conducted iteratively over time, based on an adaptable user model. The system presents the ongoing generation of the composition to the user in an interactive information space. In this space, the user can directly manipulate the composition through interactive design operations, and affect the model by expressing positive or negative interest in each sample.We are developing mechanisms for manipulating the time-based medium of the evolving information space. Interaction design affords linear timeline traversal and non-linear time travel. Extended tape recorder metaphor controls, including jog-shuttle based navigation, provide the user with flexible means for operating the system's generative functionalities, and linearly traversing session history. We introduce a door-latch metaphor that enables one of several considered forms of non-linear time travel. Users can change history by retroactively locking an information sample in position across time.
FTIR Study of the Adsorption of the Capping Material to Different Platinum Nanoparticle Shapes

FTIR spectroscopy has been used to study the binding geometry of polyacrylate capping material on cubic and tetrahedral platinum nanoparticles. It is proposed that the capping material forms an ester-like linkage to the Pt surface on the tetrahedral shapes through the hydroxyl oxygen atom of the carboxylic acid moiety of the polyacrylate (linear adsorption configuration). On the cubic particle the adsorption is through both of the carboxylic oxygen atoms (bridge adsorption configuration). These shaped nanoparticles are synthesized by changing the starting ratio of the capping material to that of the Pt salt. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of changing the concentration of the polyacrylate capping material on the mode of bonding to the surface. This might be a factor in determining the final shape formed.
Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East

Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East. Li La Abu-Lughod. ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. ix. 300 pp., contributors, Index.
Development and Use of a Disaggregated Emissions Inventory for Air Quality Planning in Washington, DC

The Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (COG) is responsible for developing an Air Quality Plan which will produce attainment of the O3 and 8 h CO standards in the Washington area by 1987. In order to define as precisely as possible the sources of emissions in the area, a disaggregated emissions inventory was prepared. For mobile sources, this included classification of vehicle type, portion of the trip cycle, and purpose of trip. For nonhighway sources, individual source types were identified. All emissions were assigned to 5 km × 5 km grids and summed to obtain local, state, and/or regional totals. The inventory, although expensive and time-consuming, is a useful tool for decision makers who are responsible for implementing measures to control emissions.
Targeting the Wave Resource From the Power Take-Off Perspective

Frequency dependence in a power take-off mechanism means that power generated does not have a one-to-one correspondence with power available in the waves. Viewing wave power resources from the perspective of the power takeoff device leads us to question the assumption that waves carrying the maximum power are the best target for resource development. We explore this power take-off perspective for a heave device fitted with an electric generator and find that power is preferentially produced from higher frequency waves.While globally most wave power is concentrated in low frequency swells, when power production is dependent on velocity, as when driving an electrical generator, an energy-harvesting device gathers more power from higher frequency waves. We examine spectral data from the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico and find that the peak frequency for heave velocity, and hence for power production, can be as much as twice the peak frequency of the resource power in the waves.Furthermore, Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) considerations demonstrate the need for small, ‘nimble’ devices to access the most easily available wave power. We compare the total energy capture from the empirical wave spectra using devices tuned to different natural frequencies and find the most energy is captured, regardless of geographic location, with devices that have natural frequencies around 0.2 Hz, far above the swell frequency.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
From classical state swapping to quantum teleportation

The quantum teleportation protocol is extracted directly out of a standard classical circuit that exchanges the states of two qubits using only controlled-NOT gates. This construction of teleportation from a classically transparent circuit generalizes straightforwardly to d-state systems.
Cellulose digestion in insects

Abstract 1. 1. Cellulose digestion has been demonstrated in the Thysanura (Lepismatidae), Orthoptera (Cryptocercidae, Blattidae). Isoptera (Mastotermitidae. Kalotermitidae. Hodotermitidae, Rhinotermitdae, Termitidae). Coleoptera (Buprestidae. Anobiidae, Scarabaeidae, Cerambycidae), and Hymenoptera (Siricidae). 2. 2. In all but the scarab beetles, cellulose digestion is brought about by a complex of three types of enzymes (C1-cellulases, Cx-cellulases, and cellobiases), as in fungi. 3. 3. Many insects are able to synthesize their own Cx-cellulases and cellobiases, but few (if any) can synthesize C1-cellulases. 4. 4. Insects compensate for their inability to synthesize C1-cellulases by exploiting the cellulolytic potential of protozoa, bacteria, or fungi. 5. 5. The maintenance of permanent populations of hindgut protozoa, the maintenance of permanent populations of hindgut bacteria, and the ingestion of fungal cellulases are described as three distinct mechanisms by which insects have been shown to use the cellulolytic potential of microorganisms. 6. 6. A process in which ingested cellulolytic bacteria proliferate in one region of the gut at the expense of ingested cellulose, only to be digested and assimilated in a more posterior section, is a fourth possible mechanism by which insects might accomplish the digestion of cellulose with the help of microorganisms.
FASTER FRANK-WOLFE TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT WITH NEW FLOW UPDATE SCHEME

This paper describes a method to accelerate the performance of the Frank-Wolfe (FW) algorithm. The method utilizes path data to speed the convergence of the algorithm by updating the flow pattern 1 origin-destination (OD) at a time. Results indicate that an FW implementation with an OD-based flow update takes less iteration to reach convergence, but requires more computational times per iteration. This computational burden is due to the fact that the flow update of each OD pair requires a separate line search, which demands a significant amount of computational times, making it only competitive to the standard FW algorithm in some extreme cases. However, since the OD-based FW algorithm takes fewer iterations to reach convergence, it requires much less computer storage and thus, is a better alternative to the standard FW if path-flow solutions are to be derived from a link-flow-based FW algorithm.
On the use of multiple interpolation series in scaled particle theory: improved predictions and limitations

We propose further modifications to recent formulations of the scaled particle theory (SPT) of hard particle fluids. In any formulation of SPT, a number of conditions are applied to the central function G. As the exact form of G is unknown, a form must be assumed. Representing G with more than one series has recently been shown (Siderius and Corti, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 144502, 2007) to lead to improved planar surface tension predictions with little change in the already accurate pressure, excess chemical potential and fluid structure predictions. Another condition on G that includes the curvature of the radial distribution at contact was not, however, invoked in this previous work. We incorporate here this additional condition into the multiple series approach, resulting in further improvements to the SPT predictions. We also consider a number of permutations of the multiple interpolation series to explore the limitations of this approach and again find that increasing the number of series will not by itse...
Low-temperature inhibition of the activated sludge process by an industrial discharge containing the azo dye acid black 1.

Abstract A municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) receiving industrial dyeing discharge containing acid black 1 (AB1) failed to meet NH 3 and BOD 5 discharge limits, especially for NH 3 during the winter. Dyeing discharge was combined with domestic sewage in volumetric ratios reflecting the range received by the WWTP and fed to sequencing batch reactors at 22 and 7 °C. Analysis of the various nitrogen species revealed complete nitrification failure at 7 °C with more rapid nitrification failure as the dye concentration increased. Slight nitrification inhibition occurred at 22 °C: NH 3 removal decreased from 99.9% for the control compared to only 97.0% removal with dye addition. Dye-bearing wastewater also reduced COD removal by half at 7 °C and by one-fifth at 22 °C, and increased effluent TSS nearly three-fold at 7 °C. Activated sludge quality at 7 °C deteriorated after exposure to AB1, as indicated by excessive foaming and the presence of filamentous bacteria and by a decrease in endogenous and exogenous oxygen uptake. Decreasing AB1 loading resulted in partial activated sludge recovery. Eliminating the dye-bearing discharge to the full-scale WWTP led to improved performance bringing the WWTP into compliance with discharge limits.
Money well spent: a comparison of hospital operating margin for laparoscopic and open colectomies.

Background Cost analysis after laparoscopic colectomy has been examined, although reports evaluating the effects of laparoscopy on hospital operating margin are lacking. We compared several cost/revenue measures, including hospital operating margin, between open and laparoscopic colectomies at an academic center. Methods Our cost-accounting database was queried for laparoscopic partial (LPC) and total colectomies (LTC), and open partial (OPC) and total colectomies (OTC) to analyze net revenue, total costs, and total hospital operating margin over a 4-year period. Laparoscopic and open colectomy cases were compared, with mean operating margin as the primary outcome. Results From July, 2002 through May, 2006, 842 patients were included for analysis with 138 undergoing laparoscopic colectomy. Net revenue was higher in the LTC group compared with open ($30,300 vs $26,800 [P = .02]), and lower in the LPC group ($15,300 vs $21,300 open [P Conclusions LTC generates a significantly higher hospital operating margin than an OTC, although the margins are similar for LPC and OPC.
Visualizing tertiary folding of RNA and RNA-protein interactions by a tethered iron chelate: Analysis of HIV-1 Tat-TAR complex

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires specific interactions of Tat protein with the trans -activation responsive region (TAR) RNA, a 59 base stem-loop structure located at the 5'-end of all HIV transcripts. We have used an intramolecular RNA self-cleaving strategy to determine the folding of TAR RNA and its interactions with a Tat peptide. We incor-porated an EDTA analog at position 24 in the HIV-1 Tat binding site of the TAR RNA. After isolation and purification of the EDTA-TAR conjugate, RNA self-cleavage was initiated by the addition of an iron salt, ascorbate and hydrogen peroxide. Hydroxyl radicals generated from the tethered Fe(II) cleaved TAR RNA backbone in two localized regions. Sites of RNA cleavage were mapped by sequencing reactions. A Tat fragment, Tat(38-72), specifically inhibited RNA self-cleavage. To determine the structural changes caused by the Tat peptide, we performed Fe(II)-EDTA footprinting experiments on Tat-TAR complex. Our high-resolution footprinting results suggest that the inhibition of self-cleavage of EDTA-TAR is due to two effects of Tat binding: (i) Tat binds in the bulge and protects residues in the vicinity of the bulge from self-cleavage and (ii) RNA goes through a structural change where EDTA-U24 is rigidly positioned out of the helix and cannot get access to other nucleotides in the loop of TAR RNA, which are not protected by the Tat peptide. Our results demonstrate that Fe(II)-EDTA-mediated RNA self-cleavage can be applied to study RNA tertiary structures and RNA-protein interactions.
Inflammatory cloacogenic polyp: Relationship to solitary rectal ulcer syndrome/mucosal prolapse and other bowel disorders

The clinicopathologic features of nine patients with inflammatory polyps of the anorectal transition zone (inflammatory cloacogenic polyp, ICP) were reviewed. All polyps were characterized histologically by crypt hyperplasia and a thickened muscularis mucosa arising beneath a surface epithelium consisting of variable proportions of squamous, columnar, and often transitional epithelium. Tubulovillous architecture was characteristic. Sialomucin predominated over sulfomucin in eight of nine cases. One polyp displayed focal dysplasia and condylomatous features, while two others had associated hemorrhoids. Three cases had been previously diagnosed as adenomas. Seven patients were women, and two were men; their median age was 54 years (range, 17 to 85). Clinical presentation was most commonly intermittent rectal bleeding, and the clinical diagnosis was anal polyp or hemorrhoids in all cases. Six patients had the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) and/or evidence of mucosal prolapse. Papillomavirus was demonstrated by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods in one case in which multiple foci of dysplasia were also noted. Two patients had Crohn's disease, and the remaining patient had a coexistent adenocarcinoma located several centimeters proximal to his ICP. The pathologist and clinician must be aware that although ICP is often associated with SRUS/mucosal prolapse, it may occur in other clinical settings.
Sulfur diagenesis and burial on the Amazon shelf: Major control by physical sedimentation processes

Early diagenetic properties of Amazon shelf muds are dominated by nonsulfidic Fe and Mn cycling, resulting in relatively little S deposition compared to previously studied marine margin environments. Despite abundant potential reactants typical of sulfidic deposits, authigenic sulfides represent only ~ 10% of diagenetically reduced Fe, and DOP (degree of pyritization) is only ~0.02. The average C/S (wt wt−1) ratio of buried sediment below the zone of SO4 2- reduction is ~ 7.4, ~ 2.6 times more than the commonly assumed modern shelf average of ~ 2.8. The deltaic burial rate forΣS is ~ 0.65 × 106 tons yr−1. Relatively lowΣS deposition is promoted by terrestrial weathering that delivers reactive oxide debris, but apparently depends most strongly on reoxidation and rapid burial by intense physical reworking and fluid-mud formation. Diagenetic models of S distributions demonstrate rapid sediment reworking (~ 10–100 cm yr−1 as apparent advection), substantialΣS reoxidation (84–98%), and in one case, massive sediment deposition of up to ~ 5 m of sediment in ~ 1 year. Extremely low DOP coupled with dominance by nonsulfidic reduced-Fe minerals and lack of biogenic sedimentary structures may be an indicator in marine organic-rich muds of intense physical reworking under oxygenated waters.
Synthesis of Substituted 2,5-Dihydrothiophene-2-Carboxylic Acids by Lithium/Ammonia Reduction

Abstract The lithium/ammonia reduction of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1) has been reported independently by different investigators1,2 to afford 2,5-dihydrothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (2) as the major product. The isolation of this compound, however, is made difficult by its susceptibility to further reduction or reductive cleavage under the reaction conditions employed. Compounds with allylic carbon-sulfur bonds, for example, are readily cleaved in metal/ammonia solutions3a,b to give the corresponding mercaptans. With 2, reductive cleavage affords cis-5-mercapto-3-pentenoic acid (3) which, in fact can be made the exclusive reaction product from 1 by appropriate modification of reaction conditions.
Family support networks among elders in a native American community: Contact with children and siblings among the prairie band potawatomi

Abstract Although a great deal is known about family support networks among older whites, little is known about the workings of family support networks among elderly Native Americans. Face-to-face interviews focused on the availability and proximity of kin and the frequency of nine common family activities with each child and sibling. The effects of proximity, gender, marital status, and the equity of helping relationships on family support network operation are analyzed revealing similarities and differences with previous research findings among Anglos. Differences with previous research findings include that the strongest sibling tie is between brothers rather than between sisters, the presence of a spouse insulates elders rather than invigorates contact within the network, and marital dissolution (whether through widowhood, divorce or separation) does not isolate elders from children or siblings. The study concludes with suggestions for future research to refine our understanding of family support network operation.
Southwestern Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum, Found Parasitizing Picea pungens in Colorado.

Southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum (Willd.) Presl subsp. cryptopodum (Engelm.) Hawksw. & Wiens, Viscaceae) severely parasitizes several species of pines (Pinus spp., family Pinaceae) in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico, but it has not been reported to parasitize any species of spruce (Picea, family Pinaceae) (1). However, in June 2004, this dwarf mistletoe was observed parasitizing blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) in the Black Forest north of Colorado Springs, CO (39°02.118′N, 104°36.028′W, elevation 2,250 m). The infected blue spruce was planted as an ornamental approximately 4 m from a 16-m-high ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson) severely infected with southwestern dwarf mistletoe. Mature dwarf mistletoe shoots were produced on five infected branches of the blue spruce. These shoots were compared with a morphological description of southwestern dwarf mistletoe (1) and this was sufficient for a positive identification of the dwarf m...
Asymmetries of pattern perception observed in Israelis

Abstract When a visual pattern extends across fixation into both fields, American college students identify the part on the left side better than the part on the right. This effect has been attributed to reading habits, which predispose the subject to scan from left to right. This interpretation was tested by investigating Israelis, who read from right to left. Surprisingly, the Israeli students also showed greater accuracy for the left visual field and tended to organise a series of items from left to right. Investigation of Israeli children suggested that the left “attentiveness” began around the seventh grade, and developed from an earlier tendency to “attend” to the right. These asymmetries are not due primarily to reading habits, nor to field differences related to hemisphere specialisation; a third interpretation is discussed.
Agentic and Communal: Multinational Analysis of Gender Portrayal in Children's Television Commercials

Television commercials reflect societal beliefs and norms regarding gender role orientation through ad characters' gender role portrayals. Advertisers and marketers who target global customers must be sensitive to societal differences with respect to gender role portrayal in advertising. This study examines similarities and differences in gender role portrayal in children's television advertisements. Television commercials from three countries are content analyzed with particular focus on gender role portrayals. The gender role portrayals are analyzed based on the use of specific dimensions of agentic and communal orientations that differentiate between masculine and feminine behavior. Agentic dimensions such as aggressiveness and independence were present in commercials in all three countries; however, the frequency with which these agentic dimensions were observed varied significantly. Similarly, communal attributes were also observed among all three countries, but significant differences in frequency w...
Speculative parallelization of partial reduction variables

Reduction variables are an important class of cross-thread dependence that can be parallelized by exploiting the associativity and commutativity of their operation. In this paper, we define a class of shared variables called partial reduction variables (PRV). These variables either cannot be proven to be reductions or they violate the requirements of a reduction variable in some way.We describe an algorithm that allows the compiler to detect PRVs, and we also discuss the necessary requirements to parallelize detected PRVs. Based on these requirements, we propose an implementation in a TLS system to parallelize PRVs that works by a combination of techniques at compile time and in the hardware. The compiler transforms the variable under the assumption that the reduction-like behavior proven statically will hold true at runtime. However, if a thread reads or updates the shared variable as a result of an alias or unlikely control path, a lightweight hardware mechanism will detect the access and synchronize it to ensure correct execution. We implement our compiler analysis and transformation in GCC, and analyze its potential on the SPEC CPU 2000 benchmarks.We find that supporting PRVs provides up to 46% performance gain over a highly optimized TLS system and on average 10.7% performance improvement.
Statistics, Reform, and Regimes of Expertise in Turkey

AbstractStatistics is one of the chapters in Turkey's EU entry negotiations, and the country is transforming what statistics it collects, using what methodologies, at what intervals, how it publishes them, and how it uses them. It is in light of the new statistical knowledge that the country is reforming its institutions and practices. This paper argues that the relationship between statistics and social forms is not solely one of description. To the extent that statistics do not merely study or represent the objects they are purported to be about, but are intimately involved in intervening in/on those objects (e.g. social, economic, or ecological processes) and in fact in remaking them through reform and/or development, they have a performative nature. In this sense, statistics are less a methodology and more a technology—a technology of governance. The paper draws on the fieldwork in Turkey with statisticians, technicians, and agricultural experts working on the design and implementation of EU-inspired ...
Convenient Synthesis of Chlorocarbonylbis(Triphenylphosphine)Platinum(II) Compounds

Abstract Convenient syntheses of [Pt(CO)Cl(PPh3)2]X where X is PF6, BF4, ClO4, and CH3C6H4SO3 from [PtCl2(PPh3)2] are described.
Wake and cavitation characteristics of equilateral prisms at incidence

The characteristics of flow past a two-dimensional equilateral prism are experimentally studied at different angles of incidence to the approach flow. Tests were conducted in a water tunnel suitable for cavitation studies. The presence of cavitation facilitated excellent visual observations of the wake region. The mean separation pressure coefficients and the vortex-shedding frequency were determined at various degrees of cavitation for five different orientations of the prism. The latter determines, to a large extent, the vibration characteristics of the system in which the prismatic elements are located.
The fine structure of lamprey epidermis. III. Granular cells

The granular cells are large cells located in the middle and upper regions of the lamprey epidermis, and may be conveniently divided into two groups, immature and mature cells. The immature granular cell is characterized by the presence of numerous, frequently membrane-bound, electron-dense granules which are scattered randomly throughout the cytoplasm. Moderate numbers of mitochondria and an extensive elaboration of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum are two other significant characteristics of this cell. Numerous 150 A filaments course through the cytoplasm and form the core of long, tonguelike appendages that extend away from the cell surface. The cytoplasm of the mature granular cell is largely devoid of cellular organelles, and is very electron dense. The numerous granules in the cytoplasm are larger and more electron dense than those in the immature cell. Many of the granules appear to be paracrystalline. The granules frequently degenerate, particularly in the granular cells of the adult lamprey epidermis. The possible origins, fates, and functions of the granular cells, their granules and their appendages are discussed.
In vivo interaction of prostacyclin with an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, HL 725

Abstract Prostacyclin (PGI2) inactivates platelets by stimulation of adenylate cyclase, and its effect can be potentiated in vitro by simultaneous inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. The interaction of synthetic PGI2 and the potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor HL 725 was studied in a model of systemic platelet activation by intravenous injection of collagen. Platelet aggregate formation was evaluated by continuous on-line measurement of the circulating platelet count. Collagen injection in rabbits receiving vehicle caused a 30 +/- 3% decrease in the circulating platelet count. Infusion of PGI2 (0.05, 0.1 and 0.75 micrograms kg-1 min-1) dose-dependently inhibited this decrease. HL 725 (0.5, 1 and 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1) caused a slight but significant effect. Combinations of PGI2 and HL 725, respectively, at 0.25 + 1.0 and 0.1 + 0.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1 inhibited platelet aggregate formation to a greater extent than when either substance was used alone and produced a comparable inhibition to PGI2 at 0.75 micrograms kg-1 min-1. Collagen induced an acute fall in the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) which also was inhibited by PGI2, HL 725 and their combinations. The infusion of a combination of PGI2 and HL 725 before collagen produced a decrease in the MABP which was greater than when either compound was used on its own. Thus, PGI2 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor HL 725 interact in vivo to inhibit platelet aggregation and lower MABP.
BI-RADS Decoded: Detailed Guidance on Potentially Confusing Issues

The American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) is the product of the initial collaboration between various committees of the ACR and several other organizations, such as the American College of American Pathologists and the American College of Surgeons. The impetus to establish a standardized method of reporting and follow-up began as early as 1985 when several of our clinical colleagues made a plea to the ACR to improve the reporting of mammograms. Reports were ambiguous and difficult to interpret, often leaving the clinician without a clear-cut management scenario. Over the years of increasing BI-RADS usage, the BI-RADS committee of the ACR received questions which, when analyzed, focused on specific areas of BI-RADS. A review of these problematic areas, with appropriate guidance, will be presented along with an introduction to the new US and MR imaging lexicons focusing on unique descriptors.
Diazonium modification of Photosystem I. A specific effect on iron-sulfur Center B

Abstract Modification of chloroplast membranes with diazonium benzene sulfonate (DABS) leads to a loss of Photosystem I-dependent ferredoxin reduction but not methyl viologen reduction. EPR studies of DABS-modified membranes show no inhibition of P-700 + formation at cryogenic temperatures, but iron-sulfur Center A photoreduction is markedly inhibited. Iron-sulfur Center B photoreduction at physiological temperatures in DABS-modified membranes is also markedly inhibited and little Center B can be detected after dark chemical reduction. These results indicate DABS specifically modifies iron-sulfur Center B of the spinach chloroplast Photosystem I electron acceptor complex and that Center B is obligately required for the reduction of Center A at cryogenic temperatures. Possible electron transport pathways at physiological temperatures are also considered.
Trans-epoxide hydrolase: A key indicator enzyme for herbivory in arthropods

An epoxide hydrolase selective for a trans-epoxide substrate is more commonly associated with arthropod herbivory than is a cis-selective epoxide hydrolase. The distinct selectivities in epoxide hydrolase activities between herbivorous pests and entomophagous arthropods used in their biological control may aid design of integrated pest management systems.
Real-time fatigue life estimation in mechanical structures

The paper addresses the issue of online diagnosis and prognosis of emerging faults in human-engineered complex systems. Specifically, the paper reports a dynamic data-driven analytical tool for early detection of incipient faults and real-time estimation of remaining useful fatigue life in polycrystalline alloys. The algorithms for fatigue life estimation rely on time series data analysis of ultrasonic signals and are built upon the principles of symbolic dynamics, information theory and statistical pattern recognition. The proposed method is experimentally validated by using 7075-T6 aluminium alloy specimens on a special-purpose fatigue test apparatus that is equipped with ultrasonic flaw detectors and an optical travelling microscope. The real-time information, derived by the proposed method, is useful for mitigation of widespread fatigue damage and is potentially applicable to life extending and resilient control of mechanical structures.
A complexity science approach to occupation: Moving beyond the individual

Contemporary scholarship in occupational science ranges from the biological to the cultural, which highlights the need for a systematic framework capable of addressing occupational phenomena at multiple levels of analysis. One way theorists in occupational science, as well as in other social and biological sciences, have addressed similar needs has been through models based on systems theory. These theories encourage a non‐reductionist, non‐linear approach to studying complex phenomena, and allow for the inclusion of multiple levels of analysis, from the micro to the macro. However, most of the previous applications of systems theory in occupational science have adopted a relatively narrow focus, stressing the occupation of individuals as the primary unit of analysis and viewing social and cultural phenomena as background factors influencing those occupations. Occupations performed by groups of individuals acting collectively have not been incorporated. In this article, we argue that social collectives, s...
Comparative evaluation of serum CA 195 and carcinoembryonic antigen in metastatic carcinoma

Background. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a well-described human tumor-associated antigen most useful clinically in colon cancer. However, the clinical usefulness of CEA is limited by the marker's overall poor specificity and low sensitivity in patients with minimal disease. CA 195 is a recently discovered human tumorassociated glycoprotein that can be measured in serum using an immunoradiometric assay. CA 195 is expressed on the membrane of human colon cancer cells and shares an epitope with the Lewis A blood group antigens. The authors initiated a study to compare the clinical utility of serum CA 195 with CEA in patients with advanced cancer. A control population was studied to assess the effects of age, gender, alcohol, and tobacco on the measured levels of serum CA 195. Methods. Using a solid-phase two-site immunoradiometric assay, serum CA 195 and CEA levels were measured in 71 control subjects and 167 patients with a prior diagnosis of cancer. The tumor histologic types included breast cancer, 49 patients; colon cancer, 38; prostate cancer, 24; lung cancer, 22; gastrointestinal noncolon cancer, 7; and miscellaneous, 27. Among patients with a history of cancer, 124 (74%) had active metastatic disease, and 43 (26%) were without evidence of active disease. The control population was composed of subjects without a history of malignancy. Clinical data collected from them included age, gender, smoking history, and alcohol consumption.
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase and Proteolytic Activity in Wheat Leaves from Anthesis through Senescence

Changes in ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) and proteolytic activity were followed in the flag leaf and second leaf of field-grown winter wheat (cv. Arthur). These changes were followed in relation to changes in leaf chlorophyll, protein, and photosynthesis, and seed development. Levels of RuBPCase were determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis as described previously (Wittenbach 1978 Plant Physiol 62: 604-608). RuBPCase constituted 40 to 45% of the total soluble protein in the flag leaf and an even higher percentage of the soluble protein in the second leaf. This ratio remained unchanged until senescence when RuBPCase protein was apparently lost at a faster rate than total soluble protein. No change in the specific activity of RuBPCase on either a milligram protein or RuBPCase basis was observed until senescence. A close correlation existed among the various indices of senescence in the field, namely, the decline in chlorophyll, protein, photosynthesis, and RuBPCase activity. In addition, proteinase activity increased with the onset of senescence. These enzymes readily degraded RuBPCase, exhibiting a pH optimum of 4.8 to 5.0 and a temperature optimum of 50 C. Proteinase activity was modified by sulfydryl reagents suggesting the presence of sulfydryl groups at or near the active sites.
Prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis by rat glomerular epithelial cells.

Prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis by rat glomerular epithelial cells. Isolated rat glomeruli have been shown to synthesize prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (Tx). In this study, we evaluated, by radioimmunoassay and radiochromatographic methods, PG and Tx synthesis by glomerular cells in culture. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed polygonal cells, attached by desmosomes, with surface microvilli. These features are typical of glomerular epithelial cells. Incubation of these glomerular epithelial cells with arachidonic acid (C20:4) resulted in an array of endproducts with concentrations of PGE 2 > TxB 2 > PGF 2α > 6-keto-PGF 1α . Addition of angiotensin II (AII) to the cultured glomerular cell produced almost exclusive stimulation of PGE 2 with PGE 2 >>> PGF 2α > TxB 2 = 6-keto-PGF 1α . AII and AIII (100 µm to 1 µm) stimulated PGE 2 in glomerular epithelial cells, and the increments of PGE 2 , as a function of the concentration of AII or AIII, were similar. The sar 1 -thr 8 -AII analog inhibited both AII- and AIII-stimulated PGE 2 synthesis. The divalent cation ionophore A23187 in concentrations of 0.2 to 2.0 µm increased primarily PGE 2 and TxB 2 synthesis with smaller increases of PGF 2α and 6-keto-PGF 1α . The relative concentrations of PG and Tx produced by rat glomerular epithelial cells, incubated with C20:4 or A23187, were similar. Our results demonstrate that: (1) the predominant cell grown in culture from the rat glomerulus, after 9 days, is the epithelial cell; (2) this cell is capable of PG and Tx synthesis; (3) stimulation of PG by AII and AIII may be mediated by the same cellular receptor, AII and AIII increase primarily the synthesis of a vasodilatory PG, PGE 2 ; (4) exogenous substrate C20:4 or release of endogenous C20:4 by the divalent cation ionophore A23187 not only stimulates PGE 2 but also the vasoconstrictor TxA 2 ; and (5) the PG and Tx endproducts synthesized by epithelial cells may be determined by an intracellular coupling of the specific synthetic enzymes with different pools of C20:4.
The Scarborough-Stone problem for Hausdorff spaces

Abstract We give two methods of constructing families of sequentially compact Hausdorff spaces whose product is not countably compact.
Complex constrained CRB and its application to semi-blind MIMO and OFDM channel estimation

We derive an expression for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) on the covariance of unbiased estimators of a constrained complex parameter vector and demonstrate key applications of the theory. In the first part, motivated by the result in A. van den Bos et al. (1994) we introduce an important extension to the set of constraints on the complex parameters. This extension then leads to a simple expression for the complex constrained CRB similar to the result in P. Stoica et al. (1998). This CRB framework is employed in the context of estimation of a wireless channel matrix H. We demonstrate that the channel estimation error lower bound is directly proportional to the number of unconstrained parameters in H. The usefulness of these results is illustrated by their application to two different estimation problems arising in wireless communications. The first is whitening-rotation based semi-blind MIMO channel estimation and the second pertains to time versus frequency domain channel estimation in OFDM systems.
NEONATAL RESUSCITATION PROGRAM (NRP): PEDIATRIC (PLI-P) VS. FAMILY PRACTICE (PLI-FP) FIRST YEAR RESIDENTS' COGNITIVE (CS) AND PSYCHOMOTOR (PS) SKILLS RETENTION. † 824

NEONATAL RESUSCITATION PROGRAM (NRP): PEDIATRIC (PLI-P) VS. FAMILY PRACTICE (PLI-FP) FIRST YEAR RESIDENTS' COGNITIVE (CS) AND PSYCHOMOTOR (PS) SKILLS RETENTION. † 824
Effects of pH and specific conductance confound the use of the Florida Lake Vegetation Index to identify anthropogenic eutrophication

We found that the Florida Lake Vegetation Index (LVI) did not identify Florida lakes that were impaired due to excess loading of phosphorus or nitrogen from anthropogenic sources. The index is based on 4 plant metrics: the Coefficient of Conservatism of the dominant or co-dominant taxa, the percent of sensitive taxa, the percent of native taxa, and the percent of invasive exotic taxa. Our analysis of the data used by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection to establish and calibrate this biotic index found no link between nutrient concentrations and the LVI. The LVI was primarily associated with the pH and specific conductance of the lake waters, with the best scores found in acidic lakes and the poorest scores in more alkaline lakes. These variables are the result of natural gradients, not pollution, and are not included in the calculation of the LVI. Our study illustrates the importance of considering natural factors that determine the value of any index of biological integrity before it is used to indicate anthropogenic pollution.
Metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma presenting as a primary sarcoma of the parotid gland

Abstract Background: Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus has a high metastatic potential to distant sites due to its tendency for hematogenous spread. Case: A 49-year-old woman presented with an enlarging parotid mass, diagnosed originally as a primary fibrosarcoma. Six years later, she developed pulmonary metastases and heavy, abnormal uterine bleeding. At hysterectomy, a uterine leiomyosarcoma, identical morphologically to the previous lesions, was identified. All tumors showed similar immunohistochemical staining, suggesting the metastatic nature of the original parotid tumor. Conclusion: This rare case of uterine leiomyosarcoma, presenting as a primary parotid sarcoma, underscores the importance of considering the possibility of a uterine primary tumor when a sarcoma arises in an organ in which these tumors are unusual.
Orientation in metal ammonia reductions

Abstract The unique orientation effects observed in the alkali metal-ammonia reactions of aromatic compounds are considered from a molecular orbital viewpoint. The Birch rule governing the reduction of substituted aromatics, the peculiar effect of substituents on the ease of hydrogenolysis of benzyl alcohols, the similar effect in the dealkylation and dearylation of alkyl aryl ethers and aryl ethers, the course of dealkoxylation of alkyl aryl ethers, are all found to be reasonably accommodated by molecular orbital theory.