cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron microscopy of Malassezia furfur in tinea versicolor.

This electron microscope investigation of Malassezia furfur (parasitic phase) is basic information for taxonomic purposes. Skin was excised from lesions of tinea versicolor, fixed in paraformaldehyde and osmium tetroxide, and imbedded in Epon. Scales from tinea versicolor were fixed in (a) glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and (b) potassium permanganate, post-fixed in uranyl acetate, and imbedded in Vestopal. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Filaments and conidia of M. furfur were examined at initial magnifications of 3,000 to 30,000. The walls of the filaments and conidia were thick, fibrous, and sculptured on their inner surfaces. Separation of cells was by fission of a cross wall. In the epidermis M. furfur was observed to lie inside and between the keratinized cells of the stratum corneum.
The Sophist and The Swarm: Feminism, Platonism and Ancient Philosophy in Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Clitophon

Achilles Tatius' novel Leucippe and Clitophon is widely recognised by critics as generally 'philosophical', even 'Platonic', but critics also agree that the meaning of this philosophy and Platonism - whether it is serious or satiric, semantic or aesthetic - is unclear. As a result of this ambivalence, a perplexity confronts the reader who wants to understand the particularly political philosophical meaning of Achilles' novel, especially through its depiction of gender norms and hierarchies. The purpose of this article is to revisit the philosophical possibilities of Achilles' novel in view of its various literary and socialhistorical contexts. To do this, I work through rather than against the perplexity that confronts the reader of L and C, proposing a relational, reflexive mode of reading that attends to the interplay of Platonism, Stoicism and the socialhistorical associations that Achilles' mobilisation of each imparts. Such a mode of reading suggests, against numerous critical interpretations, that L and C may actually relate the feminine to the world in a progressive way. In addition, the development of this mode of reading in response to L and C potentially undermines, not only the masculinist gender norms that the novel seems to reinforce, but also the very subject-object dualism that underpins mainstream historicist modes of relating to ancient texts as something out there in the walled-off universe of competing textualities that is 'the past'.
Unique contributions of ISCOLE to the advancement of accelerometry in large studies

Accelerometry has become a mainstay approach for objectively monitoring children's physical activity and sedentary time in epidemiological studies. The magnitude of effort underlying successful data collection, management and treatment is prodigious and its complexity has been associated with increasingly diverse methodological choices that, while defensible relative to specific research questions, conspire to undermine the ability to compare results between studies. Although respecting widespread calls for best practices, it is also important to openly share tools and resources supporting potential improvements to research practice and study design, thus allowing others to replicate, further improve, and/or otherwise build on this foundation. The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is a large multinational study that included accelerometer-based measures of physical activity, sedentary time and sleep. This review summarizes the unique contributions of ISCOLE to the advancement of accelerometry in large studies of children's behavior, and in particular: (1) open-access publication of the ISCOLE accelerometry Manual of Operations; (2) 24-h waist-worn accelerometry protocol; (3) identification and extraction of nocturnal total sleep episode time (with open access to editable SAS syntax); (4) development of the first interpretive infrastructure for identifying and defining an evolved list of sleep-related variables from 24-h waist-worn accelerometry; (5) provision of a detailed model for reporting accelerometer paradata (administrative data related to accelerometry); and (6) cataloging the most detailed and defensible list of accelerometry-derived physical activity and sedentary time variables to date. The novel tools and resources associated with these innovations are shared openly in an effort to support methodological harmonization and overall advancement of accelerometry in large epidemiological studies.
Generalizing the Generalized Mean-Value Theorem

(1981). Generalizing the Generalized Mean-Value Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 7, pp. 528-530.
Analysis of Stimulated Photorefractive Backscatter during Six-Wave Mixing in Lithium Niobate

Oblique incidence of a weakly focused 532 nm laser beam on LiNbO3:Fe generates stimulated photorefractive backscatter (SPBS) from six-wave mixing in a reflection geometry. SPBS is analyzed through image restoration, interference experiments, and visibility measurements.
Rearing Techniques and Biology of Five Gypsy Moth Parasites

Since the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.), is spreading southwestward into new environments, substantial numbers of exotic parasites of the gypsy moth are being laboratory reared for field colonization and manipulation. Rearing techniques and biology of 5 species, 1 established and 4 not yet established in the United States, are being studied at the Plant Protection Division's Methods Development Laboratory, Otis Air Force Base, Mass.
Effect of neomycin on serum cholesterol level of man.

SummaryOral administration of neomycin was associated with a significant decrease in serum cholesterol concentration of all of the 10 patients studied. On 1.5 to 2 g of neomycin daily, mean serum cholesterol level in each patient was decreased from 17 to 29%, average fall for the group was 22%. The fall in serum cholesterol level was maintained for the duration of drug administration which varied from 3 to 16 weeks. At a daily dose level of 0.5 to 1 g of neomycin similar but less marked falls in the serum cholesterol level resulted.
The ABCs of CNS stimulant misuse.

T has been increasing evidence that CNS stimulants are being used “off label” by those not formally diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), primarily for cognitive enhancement. Most of the attention has been paid to college students, with a recent meta-analysis reporting that 17% have misused CNS stimulants.1 Prior work has examined the prevalence of this practice and predictors of diversion and misuse. Multiple studies have found that substance use and academic stress combine to predict misuse, with one study even finding confirmatory evidence in the wastewater of an American college campus.2 Interestingly, ADHD symptoms have also been associated with misuse even among those not formally diagnosed with the disorder. Surveys have routinely found that adolescents and young adults view CNS stimulants as innocuous, socially acceptable, and effective for improving academic performance.1,3 Even the medical field has debated the value of using CNS stimulants as cognitive enhancers for the general population.4 The increasing awareness of this trend has pushed the medical field to more closely examine the cognitive benefits of CNS stimulants in those without ADHD. The data are at best mixed, with recent reviews finding limited effects. The most robust effects are for episodic memory and reaction time, especially for simple, unfamiliar tasks versus complex and familiar ones.5,6 Moreover, baseline functioning appears to moderate response, with those with the greatest deficits experiencing the largest gains, suggesting that college students may be a subset least likely to reap appreciable benefits. A recent placebo-controlled examination7 of the cognitive effects of a standard clinical dose of mixed amphetamine salts tablets (MAS) in college students with no prior psychiatric history found little evidence of cognitive enhancement except for those with greatest impairment. Even then, measurable gains were detectable in only a minority of the 13 tasks. Most interestingly, participants reported improved performance with blinded MAS over placebo, with no association between the degree of reported improvement and observed performance. It may be that the physical sensation of MAS and other CNS stimulants leads people to assume that these medications are enhancing their cognitive performance. Alternatively, CNS stimulants may impact academic performance through other processes such
Reliability of doppler echocardiographic techniques in detecting and quantifying pulmonary artery hypertension: meta-analysis

Objective:To pool the data of studies about echocardiographic techniques in detecting and quantifying pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) and evaluate its reliability in PAH.Method:A search in PubMed (from January 1st, 1968 to May 1st,2006), Embase (from 1980 to 2006), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)(from January 1st,1978 to May 1st,2006) was performed to identify relevant English and Chinese articles respectively. Clinical Trials assessed pulmonary hypertension both in right heart catheterization and echocardiography were included to evaluate the reliability of echocardiography in a method of Meat-analysis. Result:1. Eight studies including 256 PAH patients were chosen to evaluate the correlation of pulmonary artery pressure detected by echocardiography and right heart catheterization. Doppler-derived systolic PAP values were strongly correlated with pressure measured with catheterization, their co-efficiency is 0.679 (95% confidence interval, 0.623-0.735). 2. Six studies including 162 PAH patients were chosen to evaluate whether echocardiography estimated the systolic PAP exactly and found that Doppler-derived systolic PAP underestimated systolic PAP, even in the two studies whose systolic PAP were detected using these two methods only in an interval of 48 hours, the Doppler-derived systolic PAP still underestimated the systolic PAP. Conclusion:Pressure detected by Doppler echocardiography under estimates systolic PAP, but is reliable in reflecting the change of pulmonary artery pressure of patients with PAH.
Circulating endothelial progenitor cells.

to the editor: Recent studies have shown that endothelial progenitor cells are mobilized within a few hours after acute myocardial infarction, and the level of these cells in peripheral blood remains elevated for up to several days or weeks in patients with acute myocardial infarction, as compared with patients with stable angina and healthy control subjects.1,2 Among 507 participants in the study by Werner et al. (Sept. 8 issue)3 who had coronary artery disease on angiography, a history of acute, subacute, or myocardial infarction was present in 3.4 percent, 8.5 percent, and 32.1 percent, respectively. The level of endothelial progenitor cells in these patients was elevated to various degrees as a result of previous myocardial infarction. Therefore, categorizing patients according to the level of endothelial progenitor cells without considering the history of myocardial infarction may have caused a misclassification in this study. It is possible that patients who had recently had a myocardial infarction (and therefore were at higher risk for future infarction and death) were wrongly assigned to the group of patients with a medium level or high level of endothelial progenitor cells among those who had never had a myocardial infarction. This potential misclassification may explain the lack of the association between the level of endothelial progenitor cells and the incidence of myocardial infarction and death from all causes or acute myocardial infarction.
Failure of endotoxic shock to elicit superoxide anion production in pig brain.

Endotoxin shock in pigs alters cerebral blood flow regulation. This study sought 1) to evaluate global cerebral electrical function using somatosensory evoked potential and 2) to determine if superoxide anion free radical (O2-) is generated in brain following endotoxin infusion. Five female pigs received E. coli endotoxin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) and supplemental fluid to maintain cardiac output at control levels. Somatosensory evoked potential was generated before and after endotoxin infusion, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) precipitation in cranial windows was used to determine O2- production by brain. Following endotoxin infusion, mean arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and systemic vascular resistance fell by 50% and cerebral oxygen extraction increased. The amplitude and the latency of somatosensory evoked potential performed 60 min after endotoxin were unchanged from that generated at control. No precipitation of NBT in cranial windows was observed, indicating that O2- was not generated. Since endotoxin shock did not alter cerebral electrical function and O2- was not generated by brain, we conclude that alterations in cerebral blood flow regulation observed in fluid-resuscitated endotoxic shock do not result from inadequate cerebral oxygen consumption, nor is the extracellular production of O2- involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
DEFORESTATION TRAJECTORIES IN A FRONTIER REGION OF THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

This chapter provides a conceptual framework for a micro-level approach for studying farm-level and landscape change in the context of an agricultural frontier region of the Brazilian Amazon. The development of a property grid overlay (with 3913 properties) facilitates the extraction of data on land cover change derived from the analysis of a time-series of remotely sensed images from 1970 to 1996. Time-segments between remotely sensed images permits the identification of the period of initial clearing and for analyzing the amount of farmland that is cleared annually by approximate age of the farm for the 25-year period. Deforestation is greatest in the beginning of farm settlement and slows down in subsequent years followed by a leveling off around year 18–20. The analysis suggests that by the year 2020, after 50 years of colonization, there will be between 24–32 percent of the original forest remaining.
The Effect of Dietary Zn before and after 65-Zn Administration on Absorption and Turnover of 65-Zn

Zn absorption may adapt rapidly to alterations in Zn intake and may depend on the diet fed after Zn consumption. The present study tested the hypotheses that 65-Zn absorption was affected by a) altering Zn intake 4 d before 65-Zn administration, and b) altering Zn intake after 65-Zn administration.
Factors Affecting Accuracy in Proton Therapy

Introduction: To examine the various processes involved and to assess their effects on the accuracy of proton therapy. Materials and methods: Proton therapy involves several processes: (1) Beam commissioning. (2) CT of patient to obtain the anatomical information of the patient. (3) Contouring of the tumors and organs at risks from the CT images. (4) Treatment planning to determine the beam configurations, the aperture and compensators, and the beam weightings, satisfying a specific set of dose-volume constraints. (5) Output factor measurements for each field. (6) Patient setup verification with image guidance. (7) Dose delivery. (8) Neutron dose and proton RBE at the distal edge. Within each step, there are several sub- processes that may contribute to the uncertainty in the treatment. By analyzing each of the sub-processes within each process, we estimated an uncertainty to each sub-process and/or an uncertainty on the proton range (in millimeter). A total uncertainty in dose delivery and the location of the distal edge can be estimated. Results: Examples of the uncertainties assessed for the various processes are : (1) ±1.5%; (4) ±3.0%, and 1-3mm; (5) ±2.0%; (6) ±2 mm; (7) ±2.0%, ±2mm. The uncertainties in (2), (3)and (8) neutron dose strongly depend on the location and type of the tumor. The proton RBE value at the distal edge is still debatable. The overall uncertainty in proton therapy is at least ±4.5% and ±4 mm (by adding the various uncertainties in quadrature), without consideration of processes (2), (3) and (8).Discussion: Due to the complexity in proton therapy, it is far more complicated to assess the accuracy in proton therapy than that for photon therapy. We showed that the accuracy in proton therapy is at least ± 4.5% in dose delivered to a tumor with an uncertainty of ±4mm to the distal edge of the SOBP.
Branding and Isomorphism: The Case of Higher Education

Since the New Public Management movement began, public and nonprofit organizations have been adopting and adapting businesslike practices, including branding and marketing. There remains a knowledge gap in understanding why organizational actors choose to allocate resources to adopt branding and marketing policies. This article explores organizational branding initiatives within the context of research extensive (N = 109) higher education institutions in the United States from 2006 to 2013. Seventy-two universities (66 percent) have introduced branding initiatives since 2006. Findings suggest that the publicness of organizations influences branding and marketing isomorphism in nuanced ways and that organizations are more likely to adopt new branding initiatives to promote higher general performance. Organizations adopt branding strategies in response to national trends and efforts to capitalize on their own strong performance rather than mimicking stronger-performing peers.
Die wirtschaftlichste Beleuchtungsintensität

Wurde das Licht nichts kosten, dann ware die wirtschaftlichste Lichtintensitat jene, die das wirkungsvollste Sehen ermoglicht, also etwa 350 FK fur das Lesen und eine Intensitat zwischen diesem Wert und dem Grenzwert von 3000 FK fur die allgemeinen Arbeiten; der beste Wert liegt scheinbar zwischen 700 und 1000 FK. Durchschnittlich finden wir bei kunstlicher Beleuchtung in geschlossenen Raumen kaum 1 vH dieses letzten Wertes, und auch die naturliche Beleuchtung dieser Raume, vor allem in uberfullten Handels- und Industriebezirken, betragt nicht viel mehr als 1 vH dieses Wertes.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Complex Microbial Communities

ConspectusIn the two decades since mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was first applied to visualize the distribution of peptides across biological tissues and cells, the technique has become increasingly effective and reliable. MSI excels at providing complementary information to existing methods for molecular analysis—such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics—and stands apart from other chemical imaging modalities through its capability to generate information that is simultaneously multiplexed and chemically specific. Today a diverse family of MSI approaches are applied throughout the scientific community to study the distribution of proteins, peptides, and small-molecule metabolites across many biological models.The inherent strengths of MSI make the technique valuable for studying microbial systems. Many microbes reside in surface-attached multicellular and multispecies communities, such as biofilms and motile colonies, where they work together to harness surrounding nutrients, fend off hostil...
Beta-Adrenergic and ATP Sensitive Potassium Channel Effects on Ventricular Action Potential Duration: Alterations with Exercise Training

Regular exercise-training is known to reduce the incidences and severity of ischemic heart disease, but the mechanistic nature is unknown. Recently, we showed that regular exercise prolongs the left ventricular action potential duration (APD) at resting heart rate (HR) while shortening it at high HR. These adaptations enhance cardiac contractility at rest while preventing Ca2+ overload and/or inadequate filling during exercise. Here we test the hypothesis that exercise-training induced changes in the APD are due to a reduced responsiveness to β-adrenergic regulation, and increased ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP) function. Female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to voluntary wheel running or control groups. After 6-8 weeks training, cardiac myocytes were isolated from the apex and base regions of the left ventricle with collagenase–protease dispersion technique. APD were measured with glass micro-electrode at 1 or 10 Hz stimulation. At 1 Hz, the non-selective β agonist Isoproterenol shortened the APD an effect largely reversed by selective β1-AR blocker Atenolol (0.1 μM), but not selective β2-AR antagonist ICI 118,551 (0.1 μM). Wheel running shifted the Isoproterenol dose-response curve (0.01-100 nM) rightward compared to controls, with LogIC50 decreased by exercise-training in both male and female rats by ∼ one log unit. The addition of KATP inhibitor glibenclamide (2 µM) prolonged APD at 10 Hz, with a greater prolongation observed in myocytes from exercise-trained rats. In conclusion, the exercise program down regulated the β1-AR to isoproterenol an adaptation that would contribute to prolonged action potential in non-stressed hearts where the activation of the sympathetic nervous system is low, while the exercise-training induced decline in the APD under energy demanding conditions (e.g. high HR) seems caused at least in part by increased KATP repolarizing current.
Nervous System Invasion Occurs in 4% Percent of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Abstract Introduction: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma that manifests as high white blood cell counts and lymphadenopathy. Current clinical paradigms for the care of CLL do not include evaluation or prophylaxis of the central nervous system. Four percent of our patients with CLL developed neurologic manifestations which approximates the 3–7% risk of CNS involvement in large series of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We found that the majority of these cases had no evidence of histologic Richter's transformation. Our experience confirms prior anecdotal reports of involvement of the central nervous system by CLL which have described: abnormal lymphocytes in the CSF or vitreous, MRI dural enhancement, enhancement within the spinal cord or cranial/peripheral nerves, orbital mass, PML-like diffuse white matter abnormalities of brain (without the presence of JC virus DNA) and/or Richter's transformation in the nervous system. Methods: A CLL medical records review protocol was approved by the Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center Institutional Review Board. Using our clinical lymphoma database we collected records of 755 patients at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Cancer Center who carried a diagnosis of CLL from January 1988 to August 2008. We will present the neurologic involvement identified by restricting cases to those with the following diagnostic studies: patients who had received brain, head or spine MRIs, patients who had received lumbar punctures or post-mortem examinations. We also included any patient with brain, nerve (peripheral or otherwise) and/or orbital biopsies. Within this cohort, 30 patients were found with the following sites of predominant neurological involvement of CLL: dural infiltration (2), CSF infiltration by cytology or flow cytometry (6), infiltration of peripheral nerve, optic nerve or spinal nerve roots (6), ocular involvement of the vitreous or conus (7), Richter's transformation into primary CNS DLBCL (6), and diffuse non-enhancing white matter abnormalities without the presence of JC virus (3). Many patients presented with multiple neurological sites of disease. Discussion: Recognition of the risk of central nervous involvement in DLBCL has led to a new paradigm of CNS prophylaxis in high risk patients. Our estimate of 3.97% involvement of the nervous system with CLL likely underestimates the true risk of this fatal complication for the following reasons. We did not directly examine patient records for neurologic symptoms. We did not re-evaluate the cytology of CLL patients whose neurologic symptoms prompted a negative lumbar puncture nor neuro-pathology specimens of autopsied CLL patients with negative gross involvement. Patients who were diagnosed with CLL at MGH but who had their neurologic studies performed outside of our electronic medical record (EMR) system are clearly not included in our numerator. Current CLL therapies have limited CNS penetration. Our risk estimate, if confirmed, will stimulate the inclusion of neur-axis penetrating agents into CLL therapy in high-risk patients.
A study of bilayer phosphorene stability under MoS2-passivation

Despite the unique properties of black phosphorus (BP) and phosphorene, including high carrier mobility and in-plane anisotropy, their stability has been hampered by significant crystal deterioration upon exposure to oxygen and water. Herein, we investigate the chemical stability of MoS2-passivated black phosphorus (BP) or bilayer (2L) phosphorene van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures using the field-effect transistor (FET) and phototransistor effects, measuring the persistence of conductivity and carrier mobility upon atmospheric exposure. Four thicknesses of MoS2-passivated BP FETs were studied at 1.5 (assigned to bilayer), 5, 13, and 20 nm to elucidate the effects of the MoS2 passivation layer on the device stability and electrical characteristics under dark and illumination (wavelength, λ = 600 nm) conditions. We find that trilayer MoS2 passivation enhances the photoresponse of a 2L-phosphorene optoelectronic heterojunction by 78% without gate bias. When in contact with a trilayer MoS2 layer, the photoluminescence quantum yield of the phosphorene bilayer crystal apparently decreases 29%. This can be attributed to the difference in absorption in the BP layer induced by the interference color effect generated by the presence of the thin MoS2 layer as well as a built-in electric field that forms at the BP-MoS2 p-n interface helps to dissociate photo-generated electron–hole pairs, thereby reducing the probability of the recombination events. The effectiveness of a trilayer MoS2 as a vdW protection layer is tested by exposing BP-MoS2 vdW vertical heterostructures to the ambient environment for up to 3 weeks as well as annealing at high temperature (350 °C) in an inert Ar environment. We find that the MoS2 passivation layer reduces the dark current of bilayer phosphorene, but this effect decreases with thickness. Thus, we find that 2D MoS2 thin passivation layers provide specific chemical stability and electro-optical enhancement for transparent, flexible BP electronic and optoelectronic devices by acting not only as an atomically thin passivation layer, but also enhancing the photoresponse.
Paternal vs. Maternal Factors in Childhood Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that chronically affects children and adults worldwide. Environmental exposures, heritable factors, immune dysregulation, and skin barrier malfunction all contribute to the multifactorial nature of AD. It is known that maternal and paternal influences are important predictors for the risk of AD in offspring. This review examines and compares the evidence and mechanisms behind specific maternal and paternal factors that may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
Techniques of Fiscal Analysis in Sweden (Methodes d'analyse budgetaire en Suede) (Tecnicas de analisis fiscal en Suecia)

THE SWEDISH MINISTRY OF FINANCE has developed a simple technique of short-range fiscal analysis to aid policymakers in assessing the effects of fiscal policy on the national economy. This technique is significant in that it goes beyond changes in the budget balance to analyze the effects of changes in various budget items on the level of total demand. Study of the Swedish technique of fiscal analysis is particularly interesting because the Swedish Government has long used countercyclical fiscal policy to achieve full employment. Swedish economists have been engaged since the 1930s in both formulating and criticizing government budgets in light of the effects that they were anticipated to exert on the goals of full employment and price stability. This paper describes the approach to fiscal analysis that is currently applied by the Ministry of Finance to estimate the effect of fiscal action on the national economy. It also explores some of the implications of this approach and of the economic model upon which it is based. The concluding section presents a brief evaluation of the technique.
Mapping platinum adducts on yeast ribosomal RNA using high-throughput sequencing.

Methods to map small-molecule binding sites on cellular RNAs are important for understanding interactions with both endogenous and exogenous compounds. Pt(II) reagents are well-known DNA and RNA crosslinking agents, but sequence-specific and genome-wide identification of Pt targets following in-cell treatment is challenging. Here we describe application of high-throughput ‘Pt-Seq’ to identify Pt-rRNA adducts following treatment of S. cerevisiae with cisplatin.
Social Plane for Recommenders in Network Performance Expectation Management

Multi-domain end-to-end network performance monitoring federations such as perfSONAR are increasingly being used in Big Data application management. They rely on trustworthy collaborative measurement intelligence to identify and diagnose network anomaly events that impact application performance. Large volumes of end-to-end measurement traces are generated on a daily basis, and new Big Data analysis techniques are needed to isolate network-wide anomaly event(s) and to diagnose the root-cause(s). In addition, not all network operators and application users have enough knowledge and experience to understand the anomaly events. The lack of a platform for sharing knowledge and working collaboratively makes it difficult to isolate and diagnose network-wide anomaly events quickly and accurately. In this paper, we define a “social plane” that relies on recommended measurements based on “content-based filtering” and “collaborative filtering” approaches to enable network performance expectation management. Based on similarity analysis, the content-based filtering facilitates users to subscribe to useful measurements, and the collaborative filtering promotes users to share knowledge on anomaly symptoms. Using real perfSONAR measurements and synthetic events, we show the effectiveness of our social plane approach within a SoyKB Big Data application case study using social network creation and mingling of experts. Our experimental results show that our measurements recommendation scheme has high precision, recall, and accuracy, as well as efficiency in terms of the time taken for large volume measurement trace analysis.
The Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) and Its Effect on the Quality-of-Life (QOL) of Destination Community

This chapter examines the connection between tourism area life cycle (TALC) and its effects on the quality-of-life (QOL) of destination communities. We posit that as destinations go through structural changes over time, the extent to which the dynamics of change affect the QOL of the resident community varies with the stages of the life cycle. The chapter consists of four major sections. After a brief introduction, the first section presents the concept of TALC and describes the development phases and the indicators that help understand tourism area development. The second section provides a brief discussion on the impact of tourism on the community in relation to TALC, which is then followed by the third section which focuses on the adjustment to change and maintaining the QOL of the community. Section four reviews related literature to support the relation between TALC and QOL of communities. The chapter ends with delineating critical issues for future research, outlining some of the difficulties moving forward, and formulating relevant policy implications that may help the researchers and destination management organizations to further examine the issues that may surround TALC and QOL connections.
White matter network topology relates to cognitive flexibility and cumulative neurological risk in adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors.

Abstract Adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors exhibit deficits in executive functioning. Given that brain tumors and medical treatments for brain tumors result in disruptions to white matter, a network analysis was used to explore the topological properties of white matter networks. This study used diffusion tensor imaging and deterministic tractography in 38 adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors (mean age in years = 23.11 (SD = 4.96), 54% female, mean years post diagnosis = 14.09 (SD = 6.19)) and 38 healthy peers matched by age, gender, handedness, and socioeconomic status. Nodes were defined using the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) parcellation scheme, and edges were defined as the mean fractional anisotropy of streamlines that connected each node pair. Global efficiency and average clustering coefficient were reduced in survivors compared to healthy peers with preferential impact to hub regions. Global efficiency mediated differences in cognitive flexibility between survivors and healthy peers, as well as the relationship between cumulative neurological risk and cognitive flexibility. These results suggest that adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors, on average one and a half decades post brain tumor diagnosis and treatment, exhibit altered white matter topology in the form of suboptimal integration and segregation of large scale networks, and that disrupted topology may underlie executive functioning impairments. Network based studies provided important topographic insights on network organization in long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumor.
Period of Measurement in Time-Series Predictions of Disease Counts from 2007 to 2017 in Northern Nevada: Analytics Experiment.

Background The literature in statistics presents methods by which autocorrelation can identify the best period of measurement to improve the performance of a time-series prediction. The period of measurement plays an important role in improving the performance of disease-count predictions. However, from the operational perspective in public health surveillance, there is a limitation to the length of the measurement period that can offer meaningful and valuable predictions. Objective This study aimed to establish a method that identifies the shortest period of measurement without significantly decreasing the prediction performance for time-series analysis of disease counts. Methods The data used in this evaluation include disease counts from 2007 to 2017 in northern Nevada. The disease counts for chlamydia, salmonella, respiratory syncytial virus, gonorrhea, viral meningitis, and influenza A were predicted. Results Our results showed that autocorrelation could not guarantee the best performance for prediction of disease counts. However, the proposed method with the change-point analysis suggests a period of measurement that is operationally acceptable and performance that is not significantly different from the best prediction. Conclusions The use of change-point analysis with autocorrelation provides the best and most practical period of measurement.
A multi-dimensional, moment-accelerated deterministic particle method for time-dependent, multi-frequency thermal radiative transfer problems

Abstract Thermal Radiative Transfer (TRT) is the dominant energy transfer mechanism in high-energy density physics with applications in inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics. The stiff interactions between the material and radiation fields make TRT problems challenging to model. In this study, we propose a multi-dimensional extension of the deterministic particle (DP) method. The DP method combines aspects from both particle and deterministic methods. If the emission source is known a priori, and no physical scattering is present, the intensity of a particle can be integrated analytically. This introduces no statistical noise compared to Monte-Carlo methods, while maintaining the flexibility of particle methods. The method is closely related to the popular method of long characteristics. The combination of the DP-method with a discretely-consistent, nonlinear, gray low-order system enables an efficient solution algorithm for multi-frequency TRT problems. We demonstrate with numerical examples that the use of a linear-source approximation based on spatial moments improves the behavior of our method in the thick diffusion limit significantly.
Do electronic devices in face-to-face interviews change survey behavior? Evidence from a developing country:

A large literature shows that survey mode and survey technologies significantly affect item non-response and response distributions. Yet as researchers increasingly conduct surveys in the developin...
The Capital Matthew Effect

This study shows that technological specialization is the primary driver of long-term international capital flows. The underlying mechanism comprises the two faces of capital scarcity: although a shortage of capital currently generates a higher marginal product, it also makes a country incline toward capital-saving technology. Therefore, in equilibrium, the rate of capital returns is jointly determined by a convergence effect from diminishing return and an opposing divergence effect from directed technological change. If the elasticity of substitution between labor and capital is sufficiently high, then initially capital-rich countries will favor a capital-biased technology and continuously import capital from capital-poor countries that develop a labor-biased technology. I name this anti-convergence force on capital allocation as the capital Matthew effect. With this perspective, we can rationalize many related international finance puzzles, such as the Lucas paradox, global imbalance, and the allocation puzzle.
Stress and Anxiety in Couples Who Conceive via In Vitro Fertilization Compared With Those Who Conceive Spontaneously.

Abstract Objective To determine the feasibility of recruitment and explore whether women and their partners who conceive via in vitro fertilization (IVF) experience greater levels of stress and anxiety during pregnancy compared to each other and compared to couples who conceive spontaneously. Design Longitudinal, descriptive, pilot study. Setting Recruitment was conducted at three sites in the United States (two fertility clinics and one well-woman clinic). Participants Informed consent was obtained from 48 women and their partners (22 IVF couples and 26 spontaneous conception [SC] couples). Methods During each trimester, participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Measure to assess their levels of stress and anxiety. We used hierarchical linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures adjusting for woman and partner nesting effects to conduct trajectory analyses to test for group differences in stress and anxiety levels. Results Recruitment goals were met (31 IVF and 27 SC couples gave informed consent and 22 IVF and 26 SC couples completed questionnaires). We found no significant group main or group by time interaction effects on anxiety and stress. However, pregnant women had significantly higher mean state and pregnancy-related anxiety scores than their male partners. Of interest, the women showed a gradual reduction in state and pregnancy-related anxiety across trimesters, whereas pregnancy-related anxiety of their partners gradually increased. Conclusion Among our participants, IVF did not increase risk for stress, state anxiety, or pregnancy-related anxiety, which provides reassurance during patient counseling. Although pregnant women overall experienced greater state and pregnancy-related anxiety than men, we found that levels in women decreased closer to birth, which may contribute to successful emotional transition to parenthood. Men’s experiences with anxiety require additional investigation given the recent attention to male postpartum depression.
Ductal tree ablation by local delivery of ethanol prevents tumor formation in an aggressive mouse model of breast cancer

Prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective intervention to prevent breast cancer. However, this major surgery has life-changing consequences at the physical, emotional, psychological, and social levels. Therefore, only high-risk individuals consider this aggressive procedure, which completely removes the mammary epithelial cells from which breast cancer arises along with surrounding tissue. Here, we seek to develop a minimally invasive procedure as an alternative to prophylactic mastectomy by intraductal (ID) delivery of a cell-killing solution that locally ablates the mammary epithelial cells before they become malignant. After ID injection of a 70% ethanol-containing solution in FVB/NJ female animals, ex vivo dual stained whole-mount tissue analysis and in vivo X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging were used to visualize ductal tree filling, and histological and multiplex immunohistochemical assays were used to characterize ablative effects and quantitate the number of intact epithelial cells and stroma. After ID injection of 70% ethanol or other solutions in cancer-prone FVB-Tg-C3(1)-TAg female animals, mammary glands were palpated weekly to establish tumor latency and examined after necropsy to record tumor incidence. Statistical difference in median tumor latency and tumor incidence between experimental groups was analyzed by log-rank test and logistic mixed-effects model, respectively. We report that ID injection of 70% ethanol effectively ablates the mammary epithelia with limited collateral damage to surrounding stroma and vasculature in the murine ductal tree. ID injection of 70% ethanol into the mammary glands of the C3(1)-TAg multifocal breast cancer model significantly delayed tumor formation (median latency of 150 days in the untreated control group [n = 25] vs. 217 days in the ethanol-treated group [n = 13], p value < 0.0001) and reduced tumor incidence (34% of glands with tumors [85 of 250] in the untreated control group vs. 7.3% of glands with tumor [7 of 95] in the ethanol-treated group, risk ratio = 4.76 [95% CI 1.89 to 11.97, p value < 0.0001]). This preclinical study demonstrates the feasibility of local ductal tree ablation as a novel strategy for primary prevention of breast cancer. Given the existing clinical uses of ethanol, ethanol-based ablation protocols could be readily implemented in first-in-human clinical trials for high-risk individuals.
National Environmental Change Information System Case Study

The Global Hydrology and Climate Center and NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a fact-finding case study for the Data Management Working Group (DMWG), now referred to as the Data and Information Working Group (DIWG), of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) to determine the feasibility of an interagency National Environmental Change Information System (NECIS). In order to better understand the data and information needs of policy and decision makers at the national, state, and local level, the DIWG asked the case study team to choose a regional water resources issue in the southeastern United States that had an impact on a diverse group of stakeholders. The southeastern United States was also of interest because the region experiences interannual climatic variations and impacts due to El Nino and La Nina. Jointly, with input from the DIWG, a focus on future water resources planning in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River basins of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida was selected. A tristate compact and water allocation formula is currently being negotiated between the states and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) that will affect the availability of water among competing uses within the ACF River basin. All major reservoirs on the ACF are federally owned and operated by the U.S. Army COE. A similar two-state negotiation is ongoing that addresses the water allocations in the adjacent Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa (ACT) River basin, which extends from northwest Georgia to Mobile Bay. The ACF and ACT basins are the subject of a comprehensive river basin study involving many stakeholders. The key objectives of this case study were to identify specific data and information needs of key stakeholders in the ACF region, determine what capabilities are needed to provide the most practical response to these user requests, and to identify any limitations in the use of federal data and information. The NECIS case study followed the terms of reference developed by the interagency DIWG. The case study "lessons learned" and "key findings" offer guidelines and considerations to the DMWG for the development and implementation of a NECIS that would support the data and information needs of policy and decision makers at the national, state, and local level.
The Dianion of Dehydroacetic Acid: A Direct Synthesis of Pogopyrone A

Dehydroacetic acid was converted into a silyl enol ether and titanium enolate. These reacted effectively with aldehydes and N-bromosuccinimide. Oxidation of the adduct with benzaldehyde afforded pogopyrone A in excellent overall yield.
The Effects of Light Intensity and Nitrogen Starvation on the Phycocyanin Promoter in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7002

Cyanobacteria, as photoautotrophic procaryotes, are the simplest organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis and possess a photosynthetic apChapautus virutally identical to that found in higher plants (1). Their procaryotic organization makes cyanobacteria an ideal model system in which to study complex processes at the molecular level. We are interested in studying gene regulation in cyanobacteria. Phycobiliprotein biosynthesis in cyanobacteria is known to be regulated in response to light intensity, nutrient availability, and in some organisms light wavelength (1, 2). Recently, we reported the molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression studies of the genes encoding the α and β subunits of phycocyanin (cpcA and cpcB) from Synechococcus PCC 7002 (3, 4). As a model system we have chosen the cpc promoter for detailed characterization.
Managing Motherhood: How Incarcerated Mothers Negotiate Maternal Role-Identities with Their Children’s Caregivers

Women’s incarceration rates have increased dramatically within the last 40 years. Many of the women who find themselves in the grips of confinement are mothers. Maternity can be central to women’s ...
Infantile pyknocytosis: A rare cause of newborn hemolytic anemia two case reports

Abstract Infantile pyknocytosis (IP) is a rare cause of neonatal hemolytic disease. The exact etiology of this entity remains unclear. It is characterized by prolonged jaundice and transient hemolytic anemia, combined with increased proportion of pyknocytes in peripheral blood smear. Diagnosis is exclusively based on the detection of a higher proportion of pyknocytes in peripheral blood smear. IP is a self-restricted disease. In this case series study we present the diagnostic approach, therapeutic intervention and outcome of two neonates, presented with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and major hemolysis, the 17th and 21st day of life respectively, treated with phototherapy and excellent outcome. Despite the low incidence of this entity, IP should be included in the differential diagnosis in case of prolonged neonatal jaundice not well explained by other common of hemolytic anemia.
Life-Cycle Prices and Production

We use scanner data and time diaries to document how households substitute time for money through shopping and home production. We document substantial heterogeneity in prices paid for identical goods for the same area and time, with older households shopping the most and paying the lowest prices. Doubling shopping frequency lowers a good's price by 7 to 10 percent. We estimate the shopper's price of time and use this series to estimate an elasticity of substitution between time and goods in home production of roughly 1.8. The observed life-cycle time allocation implies a consumption series that differs markedly from expenditures.