cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variability in conflict of interest disclosures by physicians presenting trauma research

AIM To quantify the variability of financial disclosures by authors presenting orthopaedic trauma research. METHODS Self-reported authorship disclosure information published for the 2012 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) meetings was compiled from meeting programs. Both the AAOS and OTA required global disclosures for participants. Data collected included: (1) total number of presenters; (2) number of presenters with financial disclosures; (3) number of disclosures per author; (4) total number of companies supporting each author; and (5) specific type of disclosure. Disclosures made by authors presenting at more than one meeting were then compared for discrepancies. RESULTS Of the 5002 and 1168 authors presenting at the AAOS and OTA annual meetings, respectively, 1649 (33%) and 246 (21.9%) reported a financial disclosure (P < 0.0001). At the AAOS conference, the mean number of disclosures among presenters with disclosures was 4.01 with a range from 1 to 44. The majority of authors with disclosures reported three or more disclosures (n = 876, 53.1%). The most common cited disclosure was as a paid consultant (51.5%) followed by research support (43.0%) and paid speaker (34.8%). Among the 256 physicians with financial disclosures presenting at the OTA conference, the mean number of disclosures was 4.03 with a range from 1 to 22. Similar to the AAOS conference, the majority of authors with any disclosures at the OTA conference reported three or more disclosures (n = 140, 54.7%). Most authors with a disclosure had three or more disclosures and the most common type of disclosure was paid consulting. At the OTA conference, the most commonly cited form of disclosure was paid consultant (54.3%) followed by research support (46.1%) and paid speaker (42.6%). Of the 346 researchers who presented at both meetings, 112 (32.4%) authors were found to have at least one disclosure discrepancy. Among authors with a discrepancy, 36 (32.1%) had three or more discrepancies. CONCLUSION There were variability and inconsistencies in financial disclosures by researchers presenting orthopaedic trauma research. Improved transparency of conflict of interest disclosures is warranted among trauma researchers presenting at national meetings.
Kidney and Adrenal Gland Cytology

The critical role of fine needle aspiration (FNA) in the workup of the kidney and adrenal gland lesions continues to evolve and is also driven by current knowledge of the diseases as well as by clinical managements. Based on large-scale molecular studies and current knowledge, the WHO (World Health Organization) and ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) have updated the classification of urological lesions, particularly renal cell carcinoma (RCC); several newly recognized subtypes, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiT) family translocation (TFE3, TFEB, and MITF) RCC, are also documented as rare subtypes. Furthermore, the clinical detection rate of small renal masses (<4 cm in size) is on the rise, but the accurate diagnosis of these small masses still requires tumor tissue for morphological evaluation. Recently developed targeted therapies also demand that tumor tissue be obtained for molecular characterization. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of a lesion and procurement of tumor tissue are critical steps in appropriate clinical management and the improvement of patients’ prognosis. Most FNAs are performed percutaneously through the abdominal wall anteriorly or by a flank approach posteriorly, under the guidance of CT, MRI, or ultrasound. In addition, endoscopic techniques, such as endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNA (EUS-FNA), are increasingly used in the biopsy of kidney and adrenal lesions in a subset of selected patients. As cytopathologists, we should understand the circumstances under which FNA is most often performed. This chapter summarizes the key FNA findings for cytomorphologic diagnosis of benign, malignant, and metastatic lesions of the kidney and adrenal gland.
Preliminary Clinical Trials with the Humphrey Field Analyzer

The Humphrey Field Analyzer is a new automated perimeter that performs static threshold testing and suprathreshold static testing. The static threshold test procedures use a target presentation pattern and staircase testing strategy that is similar to those employed on the Octopus and Squid automated perimeters. This paper describes our preliminary clinical evaluations of the central visual field threshold test procedure of the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer. Manual kinetic testing on the Goldmann perimeter and Humphrey visual field tests were performed on 50 eyes with glaucoma or neuro-ophthalmology disorders. The Humphrey static threshold test times ranged from 8.3 to 19.2 minutes per eye, with an average time of 15 ± 2.6 minutes. We found fair to excellent correlation of the field results in 94% of the cases.
A New Language for Artistic Expression: The Electronic Arts Landscape

Are artists and electronic technology in harmony with one another? What is the character of the interface between artists and electronic technology? It is clear that electronic technology has made available to artists new modes of expressing ideas, feelings, emotions, insights, events and information and thus has expanded traditional means of artistic expression. However, the author observes, the integration of this technology into the creative process also has led to the development of a new language that provides a context for artistic expression with new modes of communication. The elements, the vocabulary, of this new language translate the nature of electronic technology into the realm of the artist, allowing the emergence of new experiential art forms. The language consists of elements that describe the creative process and influence the character of the final artwork. By means of electronic technology, this language can be used by artists to express and communicate multidimensional experiences involving sound, image and movement, permitting the expression of previously impossible syntheses and transformations of ideas. The resulting art is alive, responsive and interactive. Artists become choreographers synthesizing the numerous dimensions of human experience. The issue of how to get the spirit and soul of the artist into the computer—and back out into the world—is manifest in new visions of artistic expression in the electronic arts.
An Inpatient Diabetes QI Program

Article-at-a-Glance Objective The goal of this study was to establish a continuous quality improvement (CQI) program for diabetes which would identify patterns in the problems of care encountered by hospitalized patients with diabetes and improve the in-hospital process of diabetes care delivery. Research design and methods The laboratory information system in an acute and tertiary care 1,000-bed urban teaching hospital provided us on a daily basis with a list of patients on the medical service having blood glucose (BG) levels 450mg/dl and positive serum acetones. We performed concurrent implicit chart review when BG levels were hypoglycemic ( 450mg/dl on two occasions) or when diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was present (acetones were >1+) using preset indicators for documentation and appropriate medical management. Data were expressed as the ratio of number of cases in compliance with the indicator over total number of cases identified. A test for trend in proportions was used to assess compliance with the indicators over time. Results Documentation of nursing unit-based capillary blood glucose (CBGM) and insulin infusion monitoring improved significantly over time (p Conclusions Efforts to standardize specific clinical and documentation processes had a positive impact on the care of hospitalized patients with diabetes and resulted in an institutional effort to improve inpatient diabetes care with a CQI team.
Classification of Battlefield Ground Vehicles Based on the Acoustic Emissions

The acoustic emissions of ground vehicles contain a wealth of information that can be used for vehicle classification, especially on the battlefield and for scenarios where optical/radar-based sensor systems are inhibitive. In this chapter, we first briefly review the signatures buried in the acoustic emissions of ground vehicles, and then show the time-variations and uncertainties inherent in the acoustic features that are caused by the variations of environmental conditions as well as the variations of the distance between the vehicle and the sensor system. Considering the difficulties in establishing precise mathematical models to describe these variations and uncertainties, we focus on the fuzzy logic rule-based classifiers (FL-RBC), and compare their performance against the Bayesian classifier. The uniqueness of our approach lies in the following. First, to facilitate prompt decision making, the acoustic features were extracted from short time (about one second) intervals in which the acoustic measurements can be assumed to be stationary. Second, the choice for the number of rules in the FL-RBC was rationalized by the information inherent in the classification problem regarding the natural models of the vehicles and terrain conditions. And, third and finally, interval type-2 FL-RBCs were constructed to take advantage of the capabilities of interval type-2 fuzzy sets in modeling unknown time-variations and uncertainties. We also present the results of the experiments to evaluate the performance of all classifiers.
Stability Reassessed: Finding Opportunities for Change Judgments

Is it indeed the case that social perceivers look for change, as has been assumed in the foregoing chapters? Everything that has been said here so far—the anecdotes, the assertions, the analysis—suggests that perceivers frequently see change, that they see it in other people, in themselves, and in social events. It has even been suggested that perceivers are often so ready to see change that they judge it to have occurred even when the available facts are ambiguous and there is little basis for the change impressions in the formal evidence. But there is another view of social perception, one that holds instead that perceivers are stability-oriented, that they look for stability, that their cognitive processes operate to maintain impressions of stability, and that the kind of evidence to which they most readily respond is that which supports a stability perspective. This latter view—the standard one in the field— draws support from a sizable body of literature.
PIAS-family proteins negatively regulate Glis3 transactivation function through SUMO modification in pancreatic β cells

Gli-similar 3 (Glis3) is Kruppel-like transcription factor associated with the transcriptional regulation of insulin. Mutations within the Glis3 locus have been implicated in a number of pathologies including diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about the proteins and posttranslational modifications that regulate Glis3 transcriptional activity. In this report, we demonstrate that the SUMO-pathway associated proteins, PIASy and Ubc9 are capable of regulating Glis3 transactivation function through a SUMO-dependent mechanism. We present evidence that SUMOylation of Glis3 by PIAS-family proteins occurs at two conserved lysine residues within the Glis3 N-terminus and modification of Glis3 by SUMO dramatically inhibited insulin transcription. Finally, we provide evidence that Glis3 SUMOylation increases under conditions of chronically elevated glucose and correlates with decreased insulin transcription. Collectively, these results indicate that SUMOylation may serve as a mechanism to regulate Glis3 activity in β cells.
Evaluation of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of a Culturally Targeted and Nontargeted Smoking Cessation Intervention for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Smokers.

PURPOSE To examine the benefits of a culturally targeted compared with a nontargeted smoking cessation intervention on smoking cessation outcomes among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) smokers. METHODS A prospective randomized design was used to evaluate the added benefits of an LGBT culturally targeted Courage to Quit (CTQ-CT) smoking cessation treatment (N = 172) compared with the standard intervention (CTQ; N = 173). The smoking cessation program consisted of six treatment sessions combined with 8 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy. The primary smoking cessation outcome was 7-day point prevalence quit rates. Secondary outcomes examined included changes in nicotine dependence, nicotine withdrawal, cigarettes per day, smoking urges, self-efficacy, and readiness to quit. RESULTS Overall quit rates were 31.9% at 1 month, 21.1% at 3 months, 25.8% at 6 months, and 22.3% at 12 months. Quit rates did not differ between treatment groups [1 month OR = 0.81 (0.32, 2.09), 3 months OR = 0.65 (0.23, 1.78), 6 months OR = 0.45 (0.17, 1.21), 12 months OR = 0.70 (0.26, 1.91)]. Compared with baseline levels, all secondary smoking cessation outcomes measured were improved at 1 month and were maintained at 12-month follow-up. Compared with the CTQ, the CTQ-CT intervention was more highly rated on program effectiveness (d = 0.2, p = .011), intervention techniques (d = 0.2, p = .014), the treatment manual (d = 0.3, p < .001), and being targeted to the needs of LGBT smokers (d = 0.5, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS LGBT smokers receiving the CTQ intervention achieved smoking cessation outcomes in the range reported for other demographic groups. Cultural targeting improved the acceptability of the intervention but did not confer any additional benefit for smoking cessation outcomes. IMPLICATIONS Study results have implications for understanding the benefits of culturally targeted compared with nontargeted smoking cessation interventions for improving smoking cessation outcomes among LGBT smokers. Shorter and longer term 7-day point prevalence quit rates associated with the targeted and nontargeted interventions were modest but comparable with other group-based interventions delivered in a community setting. Although cultural targeting improved the overall acceptability of the intervention, no added benefits were observed for the culturally targeted intervention on either the primary or secondary outcomes.
Fractured Starts, Conceptual Roadblocks, and Resulting Epiphanies

This chapter provides the context through which we explore the ethical dilemmas we encountered and how they influenced our findings. We outline our research process and co-researchers’ voices narrate how we discovered and explored the questions and areas of research and collaboratively conducted the research. We explain the importance of the Red Tent Facilitators (RFT) to this research and what ultimately became the Women Researching Incarceration Standing Together (WRIST) group. We conclude with group members’ perspectives, as both facilitators and participants in the process, as they explain their concerns and challenges with the project and some of the benefits they gained.
Development of a service organization. CHA (Catholic Hospital Association) from post-World War II through Vatican II.

Having weathered the Depression and war years, CHA in the late 1940s looked forward to a new era in Catholic healthcare. The third and fourth articles of Health Progress's six-part history of CHA described how Rev. Alphonse M. Schwitalla, SJ, led the association through one of the most difficult periods in U.S. history. This article follows CHA's development into a modern service organization under the leadership of Rev. John J. Flanagan, SJ. The series' final installment, which will appear in the July-August issue, describes how CHA has modernized its services and structure in the past two decades to help its members adjust to a turbulent environment.
Controlling Silicon Bottom Cell Lifetime Variance in II-VI/Si Tandems

An intricate look is taken at the methods used to account for variance in minority-carrier lifetime in the silicon bottom cell of II-VI/Si tandem solar cells. A discussion on the modeling is provided. Lateral wafer variance is determined to be much less than wafer-to-wafer variance. Size testing indicates a minimum size of 4 × 4 cm is necessary for accurate results. The cleaning procedure and photoluminescence testing is described. Despite a small sample size, Si samples with CdTe deposition and CdCl2 treatment maintain over 1 ms lifetimes, enabling the Si bottom cell in II-VI/Si tandem cells to reach state-of-the-art performance.
Defining interdisciplinary collaboration based on high school teachers’ beliefs and practices of STEM integration using a complex designed system

Teachers’ beliefs play an important role in how teachers think about how students learn, and how content should be organized and taught. Integrated STEM is pushing the boundaries of some of the traditional assumptions in education—disciplined-based courses, courses taught independently by teachers, standards and content-driven, and no collaborative planning time for teachers. Six teachers, located in two high schools, participated in a year-long program to develop interdisciplinary collaboration to implement integrated STEM learning in their courses. A qualitative instrumental case study of the two teams of teachers was conducted to gain insights and understandings of the teachers’ beliefs and instructional practices of STEM integration through interdisciplinary approaches in a complex system (i.e., hydroponics). Themes regarding features, beliefs and practices, and challenges emerged from cross-case analysis of the teachers’ stories, which resulted in two interdisciplinary collaboration models, multi-classroom and extracurricular activity, from each of the teams at each of the two high schools. Multi-classroom and extracurricular activity models had some resemblances, but also had differences. Both cases had the same goals to use real-world problems to help students see STEM connections, learn STEM knowledge and skills, and apply STEM knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems. Based on teachers’ beliefs and their interdisciplinary STEM collaboration practices, three components were identified. Team size, teaching goal, and collaboration structure highly affect a successful interdisciplinary STEM collaboration model in high school settings. The study also contributes to expend the concept of a continuum of STEM approaches to curriculum integration, disciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary (Vasquez, Sneider, & Comer, STEM lesson essentials: Integrating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, 2013), and provides frameworks for structuring a successful interdisciplinary collaboration model in high school settings.
A novel sensitivity analysis for optimal design of superconductive fault current limiter in microgrids

Several studies concluded that installing superconductive fault current limiters (SFCLs) at generators’ sides in microgrid systems (MGSs), at the secondary side of each transformer in the system, at each load or at the location with most fault occurrences improve both the reliability and the stability of the system. However, increasing the number of SFCLs in the system leads to an increase in the cost. This paper intents to find the optimal locations and size of SFCLs to improve the stability and the reliability of the studied MGS during a faulty condition by protecting transformers in the system from tripping. The number of SFCLs should be less than the number of transformers which leads to less cost of the initial installations. In order to achieve this goal, this paper presents a novel sensitivity analysis inside a multi-objective optimization method to find the best solution for the optimal location and size of the SFCLs. A line outage distribution factor sensitivity analysis method is utilized to investigate the effect of line outage on the entire system. Also, the effects of each location in the system have been taken into consideration in this study. The results in this paper prove the robustness of the proposed approach which enhances the stability and reliability of the power network while minimizing the required impedance and number of SFCLs.
Longitudinal association between deviant peer affiliation and externalizing behavior problems by types of child maltreatment.

Abstract Background Previous research has documented that deviant peer affiliation (DP) and externalizing behavior problems (EXT) are highly related and often co-occur. However, the directionality of the association between DP and EXT remains debatable. In addition, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects of child maltreatment types on co-development of DP and EXT overtime. Therefore, this study examined the role of child maltreatment in predicting the co-development of DP and EXT. Methods DP and EXT were assessed at ages 12, 14, and 16. DP was measured using 13 items from the modified version of the Youth Risk Behavior and Monitoring the Future Survey. EXT was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist. Each type of child maltreatment (birth to age 12) was assessed using the CPS substantiated cases. Results The results indicated that, on average, DP increased over time, whereas EXT decreased over time. In addition, the initial levels of EXT were associated with the slope of DP. Conditional parallel-process latent growth curve modeling identified that physically abused adolescents had higher initial levels of DP and showed a slower increase in DP, while those who had been emotionally abused were associated with a steeper decrease in EXT. Conclusion The findings offer several meaningful implications for practice. First, early assessment of and treatment for EXT may be helpful in preventing DP over time. In addition, practitioners could assess each type of maltreatment to tailor preventive interventions for early onset and ongoing development of DP and EXT.
Natural gas – friend or foe of the environment? Evaluating the framing contest over natural gas through a public opinion survey in the Pacific Northwest

A fierce debate is raging about the role of natural gas in North America’s energy mix. Once viewed as a bridge fuel for renewable energy, it is increasingly being characterized as hindering the ene...
When You Think More Leads to Less: The Erroneous Belief That Adding Unattractive Items Will Reduce Consumption

As firms strategically extend assortments to satisfy heterogeneous consumer preferences, consumers are more likely to encounter items that they personally find unappealing. In this research, we find that, although adding unattractive items to an assortment does not affect actual consumption, people erroneously believe that this addition will negatively affect their experience, reducing both their enjoyment and the amount they will consume. We propose that this erroneous prediction derives from two mechanisms. First, whereas consumption decisions focus on the items being consumed, predictions tend to take the entire assortment into account, including the unattractive items (i.e., predictions are more holistic). Second, consumers believe that considering the unattractive items will reduce how much they will enjoy the attractive items (i.e., consumers intuit hedonic assimilation). As a result, we find that consumers expect they will enjoy the extended assortment less, will consume fewer items from it, are willing to pay less for it, and are more likely to trade it. However, the negative effect of the additional unattractive items can be eliminated when predictions are made for individual items (countering holistic processing) or when consumers cannot consume the unattractive items (countering imagined hedonic assimilation).
Anonymously Social Networking: A Great Migration.

While significant Information Systems research has focused on social network sites, little has explored emerging anonymous social networking applications. This new form of social networks generates new questions about their importance and their consequences. This research explores new avenues in understanding the intentional behavior to switch from traditional social network sites to anonymous social network applications. Specifically, through the lens of migration theory, we identify push, pull, and mooring factors that cause users to migrate towards anonymous social networking applications. To explain switching, we propose a research model and methodology that expands social network literature in important theoretical ways, but also has relevant practical value for businesses in understanding new ways consumers are engaging online.
Re: Presence of tumor necrosis is not a significant predictor of survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: higher prognostic accuracy of extent based rather than presence/absence classification. T. Klatte, J. W. Said, M. de Martino, J. Larochelle, B. Shuch, J. Y. Rao, G. V. Thomas, F. F. Kabbinavar, A. S. Belldegrun and A. J. Pantuck. J Urol 2009; 181: 1558-1564.

To the Editor: We congratulate Klatte et al on their work and recent article. However, their conclusion that the presence of tumor necrosis does not provide independent prognostic information for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is concerning. This interpretation of their nonstatistically significant result is misleading and potentially harmful if read by clinicians unfamiliar with existing evidence.
Assessing the value of the NHIS for studying changes in state coverage policies: the case of New York.

Research Objective (1) To assess the effects of New York's Health Care Reform Act of 2000 on the insurance coverage of eligible adults and (2) to explore the feasibility of using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) as opposed to the Current Population Survey (CPS) to conduct evaluations of state health reform initiatives.
End user computing: management applications and technology

THE END USER ERA: End User Computing The Information Centre Evolves Applications Application Development Approaches Building an Information Centre UNDERSTANDING THE END USER: Federal Employment Data Understanding User Needs MANAGING THE INFORMATION CENTRE - BROAD CONCERNS: Managing in a Time of Change Services, Problems and Critical Success Factors BUILDING THE INFORMATION CENTRE: Mobilizing End Users Developing the Technological Infrastructure Establishing Key Policies SUPPORTING END USER PROJECTS: Training Alternatives Life Cycle Project Support DEVELOPING POLICIES FOR PERSONAL COMPUTER PRODUCTS: Standard Configurations and Costs PERSONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE TRENDS: Application and System Software PC Software Operations in RAM PC Software Operations Using External Memory The Macintosh Interface Unix Artificial Intelligence Software OTHER PERSONAL COMPUTER APPLICATIONS: Graphics Online Services PC Networking Services Integrated Programs WORKING WITH A HOST COMPUTER: Terminals The Transmission Link to the Host Software Support and Control.
Stress‐dependent hypertension and the role of T lymphocytes

Hypertension is a significant global health burden that is associated with an increased risk of stroke, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Several risk factors, including high dietary salt, obesity, genetics and race, as well as behavioural and psychological factors, contribute to development of this complex disease. Various hypertensive stimuli enhance sympathetic drive and promote autonomic dysfunction leading to elevated blood pressure. As our understanding of the pathogenesis and end-organ damage associated with hypertension increases, mounting evidence also highlights the role of inflammation in this process and, in particular, the role of the adaptive immune system and T cells. This review discusses recent findings regarding the role of the central nervous system, T lymphocytes and the impact of cardiovascular risk factors, such as psychological stress, in hypertension.
Adaptive neighbor pairing for smoothed particle hydrodynamics

We present a technique for accelerating Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) by adaptively constructing and reusing particle pairing information. Based on a small calculation performed on each particle pair, we can determine whether or not pairing information needs to be recomputed at each simulation frame. We present simulations that show that for numbers of particles above 8,000, total simulation computation time is less than one-third of that of the non-adaptive algorithm. In addition, our simulations demonstrate that our algorithm produces simulation results that are visually very similar to the unoptimized version and that visual error does not accumulate as the simulation progresses.
The maintenance challenge of 'CALS'

After noting the objectives and definition of CALS (computer aided acquisition and logistic support initiative), the author identifies seven issues impeding the adoption of CALS: exposure in data sharing: lack of standards; content of databases; weak data administration; communications network demand; lack of specialized CALS software: and burden of software maintenance. It is concluded that the resolution of the first six issues will significantly affect the nature and magnitude of the software maintenance needed by the majority of existing systems in order to implement CALS. >
Establishing and preserving protocol security goals

We take a model-theoretic viewpoint on security goals and how to establish them. The models are possibly fragmentary executions. Security goals such as authentication and confidentiality are geometric sequents, i.e. implications Φ→Ψ where Φ and Ψ are built from atomic formulas without negations, implications, or universal quantifiers.Security goals are then statements about homomorphisms, where the source is a minimal fragmentary model of the antecedent Φ. If every homomorphism to a non-fragmentary, complete execution factors through a model in which Ψ is satisfied, then the goal is achieved. One can validate security goals via a process of information enrichment. We call this approach enrich-by-need protocol analysis.This idea also clarifies protocol transformation. A protocol transformation preserves security goals when it preserves the form of the information enrichment process. We formalize this idea using simulation relations between labeled transition systems. These labeled transition systems formalize the analysis of the protocols, i.e. the information enrichment process, not the execution behavior of the protocols.
Treating fetuses: the patient as person.

The medical treatment in utero of human beings raises several ethical questions. I argue that treatment is sufficient to establish the fetus as person; and consider how conflicts between the interests of the fetus and mother are to be resolved when such treatment is proposed. My arguments rest upon a ‘relational model’ of ethical discourse derived from H. Richard Niebuhr's “ethics of the fitting.”
Low dose intravenous ascorbic acid for erythropoietin-hyporesponsive anemia in diabetic hemodialysis patients with iron overload.

Background. Recent report demonstrates that inadequate iron mobilization and defective iron utilization may cause recombinant erythropoieitin (rEPO) hyporesponsiveness in hemodialysis (HD) patients...
Extension du domaine spectral de pouvoir réflecteur élevé des couches multiples diélectriques

On discute deux moyens pour rendre les revetements multi-dielectriques appliques aux lames de Fabry-Perot utilisables dans une plus large region du spectre : 1) incorporation de couches de Sb2O3 pour permettre l'utilisation dans l'ultraviolet et 2) variation de l'epaisseur des couches elementaires, en s'ecartant de l'epaisseur λ/4, pour elargir le maximum de pouvoir reflecteur en fonction de la longueur d'onde. La technique de preparation de couches transparentes de Sb2O3 est decrite ; on en donne l'indice. Le calcul du dephasage a la reflexion des couches multiples non λ/4 montre que ses variations sont tres rapides dans certaines regions du spectre. En consequence, les filtres interferentiels prepares avec deux tels miroirs ont plusieurs bandes passantes tres etroites, dont la longueur d'onde depend peu de l'epaisseur de la couche mediane. Cette derniere propriete est verifiee experimentalement, et la finesse prevue est confirmee a un facteur 2 pres. La forme generale des courbes dephasage-longueur d'onde montre qu'il peut etre difficile, en recouvrant un miroir metallique d'un revetement a multi-couches non λ/4, d'elargir la region de reflexion' accrue sans introduire des regions etroites de reflexion tres basse. Ceci se verifie experimentalement. Le pouvoir reflecteur d'un miroir d'aluminium revetu de 6 couche λ/4 est superieur a 95% dans un domaine de 2 800 A ; de tels miroirs devraient etre precieux dans tous les cas ou de multiples reflexions sont utilisees.
Refinement of animal research technique and validity of research data

Abstract Refinement of research techniques using animals will lead to less animal distress and, at the same time, will usually lead to higher quality and more robust data. For example, acclimation of laboratory animals to handling and experimental procedures will produce not only an animal that is easier to handle but also one that reacts to the experimental stimulus rather than to the handler. Even when the animal is acclimated to handling, handling or anesthesia can cause marked changes to commonly measured biological parameters such as serum hormone and tissue metabolite levels. Standard animal housing systems are also stressful to the animals. One research report, for example, found that mice in conventional facilities had plasma corticosterone values of 150–500 ng/ml compared to values below 35 ng/ml from mice kept in special “low-stress” housing. However, assessment of stress in animal research is not easy and few technicians or research scientists are good judges of moderate stress. Investigators in the United Kingdom have recently published a report on a new technique that might allow more objective assessment of discomfort in laboratory rats and mice. The amount of exploratory behavior in treated and control animals can be used for developing a Disturbance Index (DI). The DI is a measure of the extent to which a procedure or treatment causes a departure from normal behavior. The initial data using the DI indicate that it could be a promising approach for assessing animal well-being (or the lack of it).
Right ventricular cyclic nucleotide signaling is decreased in hyperoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in neonatal mice.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) affect 25–35% of premature infants with significant bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), increasing morbidity and mortality. We soug...
Neurolinguistic programming in the context of group counseling

Abstract This article provides a description of neurolinguistic programming in the context of group counseling and specific techniques that can be used in various stages of group development.
THE EFFECTS OF ENUCLEATION ON THE CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANES OF AMOEBA PROTEUS

The dependence of cytoplasmic membranes upon the nucleus was studied by examining enucleated amebae with the electron microscope at intervals up to 1 wk after enucleation. Amebae were cut into two approximately equal parts, and the fine structure of the enucleated portions was compared with that of the nucleated parts and starved whole cells which had been maintained under the same conditions. Golgi bodies were diminished in size 1 day after enucleation and were not detected in cells enucleated for more than 2 days. The endoplasmic reticulum of enucleated cells appeared to increase in amount and underwent changes in its morphology. The sparsely scattered short tubules of granular endoplasmic reticulum present in unmanipulated amebae from stock cultures were replaced in 1–3-day enucleates by long narrow cisternae. In 3–7-day enucleates, similar cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum encircled areas of cytoplasm partially or completely. It was estimated that in most cases hundreds of these areas encircled by two rough membranes were formed per enucleated cell. The number of ribosomes studding the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum decreased progressively with time after enucleation. In contrast, the membranes of nucleated parts and starved whole cells did not undergo these changes. The possible identification of membrane-encircled areas as cytolysomes and their mode of formation are considered. Implications of the observations regarding nuclear regulation of the form of the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum are discussed.
Separated by a Common Language? Entrepreneurship Research across the Atlantic:

While recent inventories and assessments of the entrepreneurship field examine the focus, purpose, and methods, one area receiving less attention is the outcome or dependent variable. The outcome variable is of critical importance in scholarship, as it is a leading indicator of the cumulative nature of the scholarship in our field. This paper reviews 389 articles published over the past 3 years in four top entrepreneurship journals; two published in the United States and two published in Europe. It classifies the scholarship by theoretical underpinnings, independent variables, dependent variables, and then looks at the variation in these by origin of the journal. Results indicate that entrepreneurship researchers are using a wide variety of dependent variables, that the most popular unit of analysis is the firm, and that performance, broadly defined, is the most popular dependent variable. Implications for future research are discussed.
Metabolism of Parenteral Glucose Oligosaccharides in Man

Low molecular weight oligosaccharides of glucose may be utilized as a calorie source when given intravenously. Preliminary safety studies included the parenteral infusion of four healthy subjects with a solution of glucose oligosaccharides at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg/min for 1, 2, or 3 hours. Approximately 100% of the oligosaccharides was retained with only trace amounts of the glucose oligosaccharides recovered in the urine. In further studies, 12 healthy males, ages 22-31, were infused with a 10% solution of glucose oligosaccharides containing 25 μCi [U-14C]glucose oligosaccharides/liter at a rate of 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/min for 12 hours with or without insulin (0.12 unit/g oligosaccharides) given subcutaneously in 3 equi-divided doses. Four additional subjects received cold oligosaccharides at a rate of 1.75 mg/kg/min without insulin. Eighty percent of the glucose oligosaccharides consisted of 2 to 8 glucose chain lengths. Blood glucose and oligosaccharide glucose concentrations and 14CO2 were measured hourly. ...
A Crucial Role for Forebrain Adenosine A 2A Receptors in Amphetamine Sensitization

Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) are well positioned to influence the maladaptive CNS responses to repeated dopaminergic stimulation in psychostimulant addiction. Expression of A2ARs in brain is largely restricted to the nucleus accumbens and striatum, where molecular adaptations mediate chronic effects of psychostimulants such as behavioral sensitization. Using a novel forebrain-specific conditional (Cre/loxP system) knockout of the A2AR in coordination with classical pharmacological approaches, we investigated the involvement of brain A2ARs in amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Tissue-specific, functional disruption of the receptor was confirmed by autoradiography, PCR, and the loss of A2A antagonist-induced motor stimulation. Daily treatment with amphetamine for 1 week markedly enhanced locomotor responses on day 8 in control mice and the sensitization remained robust after a week of washout. Their conditional knockout littermates however showed no sensitization to amphetamine on day 8 and only a modest sensitization following the washout. Pharmacological blockade of adenosine A2ARs also was able to block the development (but not the expression) of sensitization in multiple mouse strains. Thus activation of brain A2ARs plays a critical role in developing augmented psychomotor responses to repeated psychostimulant exposure.
Evidence for activation of mutated p53 by apigenin in human pancreatic cancer

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is an exceedingly lethal disease with a five-year survival that ranks among the lowest of gastrointestinal malignancies. Part of its lethality is attributable to a generally poor response to existing chemotherapeutic regimens. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. We aimed to elucidate the anti-neoplastic mechanisms of apigenin—an abundant, naturally-occurring plant flavonoid—with a particular focus on p53 function. Pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2) experienced dose and time-dependent growth inhibition and increased apoptosis with apigenin treatment. p53 post-translational modification, nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and upregulation of p21 and PUMA were all enhanced by apigenin treatment despite mutated p53 in both cell lines. Transcription-dependent p53 activity was reversed by pifithrin-α, a specific DNA binding inhibitor of p53, but not growth inhibition or apoptosis suggesting transcription-independent p53 activity. This was supported by immunoprecipitation assays which demonstrated disassociation of p53/BclXL and PUMA/BclXL and formation of complexes with Bak followed by cytochrome c release. Treated animals grew smaller tumors with increased cellular apoptosis than those fed control diet. These results suggest that despite deactivating mutation, p53 retains some of its function which is augmented following treatment with apigenin. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction may be mediated by transcription-independent p53 function via interactions with BclXL and PUMA. Further study of flavonoids as chemotherapeutics is warranted.
Cadherin expression, vectorial active transport, and metallothionein isoform 3 mediated EMT/MET responses in cultured primary and immortalized human proximal tubule cells.

Background Cultures of human proximal tubule cells have been widely utilized to study the role of EMT in renal disease. The goal of this study was to define the role of growth media composition on classic EMT responses, define the expression of E- and N-cadherin, and define the functional epitope of MT-3 that mediates MET in HK-2 cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry, microdissection, real-time PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were used to define the expression of E- and N-cadherin mRNA and protein in HK-2 and HPT cell cultures. Site-directed mutagenesis, stable transfection, measurement of transepithelial resistance and dome formation were used to define the unique amino acid sequence of MT-3 associated with MET in HK-2 cells. Results It was shown that both E- and N-cadherin mRNA and protein are expressed in the human renal proximal tubule. It was shown, based on the pattern of cadherin expression, connexin expression, vectorial active transport, and transepithelial resistance, that the HK-2 cell line has already undergone many of the early features associated with EMT. It was shown that the unique, six amino acid, C-terminal sequence of MT-3 is required for MT-3 to induce MET in HK-2 cells. Conclusions The results show that the HK-2 cell line can be an effective model to study later stages in the conversion of the renal epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell. The HK-2 cell line, transfected with MT-3, may be an effective model to study the process of MET. The study implicates the unique C-terminal sequence of MT-3 in the conversion of HK-2 cells to display an enhanced epithelial phenotype.
Resource allocation with carrier aggregation in LTE Advanced cellular system sharing spectrum with S-band radar

Spectrum sharing is a promising solution for the problem of spectrum congestion. We consider a spectrum sharing scenario between a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and Long Term Evolution (LTE) Advanced cellular system. In this paper, we consider resource allocation optimization problem with carrier aggregation. The LTE Advanced system has N BS base stations (BS) which it operates in the radar band on a sharing basis. Our objective is to allocate resources from the LTE Advanced carrier and the MIMO radar carrier to each user equipment (UE) in an LTE Advanced cell based on the running application of UE. Each user application is assigned a utility function based on the type of application. We propose a carrier aggregation resource allocation algorithm to allocate the LTE Advanced and the radar carriers' resources optimally among users based on the type of user application. The algorithm gives priority to users running inelastic traffic when allocating resources. Finally we present simulation results on the performance of the proposed carrier aggregation resource allocation algorithm.
Turning Points in Group Life: Using High-Tension Moments to Promote Group Purpose and Mutual Aid:

The interactions among and between group members and a social worker often generate natural interpersonal tensions in group life. If handled with skill, these difficult moments have the potential to become significant turning points in members' ability to feel safe in the group and in their motivation to achieve the group's purpose through a mutual aid process. In this article the authors examine five areas of group life that are often sources of tension-filled situations. These areas are group composition, group purpose and the working agreement, the worker's authority, members' interpersonal relationships, painful material, and environmental factors. The authors recommend professional interventions aimed at converting high-tension moments into incidents that promote trust, caring, and mutual aid.
The Flight Capacity of Dispersing Milkweed Beetles, Tetraopes tetraopthalmus

The flight capacity of dispersing milkweed beetles, Tetraopes tetraopthalmus (Forster) (Cerambycidae), was measured by using a still-air tethering technique and compared with the flight capacity of beetles randomly collected from source populations (milkweed patches). The mean flight duration of the dispersing group was 80 to 325% greater than that for any source population. These data attest to the validity of the tethered flight procedure.
The movements of jumping ciliates

Summary Jumping ciliates fall into 3 movement groups. The movements of Halteria, Mesodinium and Uronychia resemble those of typical motile ciliates. The backward jumps of their usual avoidance reactions are due to the high development of the motor organelles. In Askenasia volvox, Cyclidium and Strobilidium gyrans forward jumps and darts take the place of the avoidance reaction's backward movement and rapid forward spiraling, over a wide range, replaces reversal. However, these species can move backward. Urotricha farcta (group 3) also responds with forward jumps and darts to brief repellent stimuli and with rapid forward spiraling to intense, continuous noxious stimuli. But U. farcta is incapable of backward movement. The mechanisms and nature of the movements are described and discussed. The avoidance reaction is re-examined.
Homo Virtualis: Virtual Worlds, Learning, and an Ecology of Embodied Interaction

This article previews the emergence of homo virtualis. Drawing on data from seven research studies, peerreviewed published research articles, and selected excerpts of 30 months of field notes taken in Second Life, the article examines virtual learning environments and embodiment through the lens of interactions of avatars with other avatars, virtual objects, landscapes, sounds, and spatial constructs. Analysis is grounded in the polyvocal evidence provided by select participants who experienced a sense of embodied co-presence and connection with others across geo-physical distances. The discourse ranges from that of high school girls, professional retirees, toxicology and design undergraduates, interdisciplinary graduate students, to educators and researchers from K-12 through university full professors collaborating in SL. In an ecology of virtual contexts, learners inhabit a broader landscape of their own and others' making that allows them to be teachers, designers, researchers, communicators, and collaborators.