cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LUBRICITY AND SEWABILITY OF SILICONE OILED POLYESTER SEWING THREAN

For polyester filament threads applied with silicone oil of single component, the sewability and slipperiness were evaluated from the maximum speed of sewing machine and the frictional coefficient, respectively. Sewability was the lowest at 0 percent of the lubricant application. It was abruptly improved in the 0_??_0.5 percent range and kept the highest level above 1.0 percent. The frictional coefficient, which measures the slipperiness of the thread, assumed the highest value at 0 percent application, decreased abruptly in the 0_??_0.5 percent range and kept the lowest level above 1.0 percent. The sewability was suppressed with an increase of the frictional coefficient.
Application of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pain, Agitation, and Delirium

Critically ill patients experience several severe, distressing, and often life-altering symptoms during their intensive care unit stay. A clinical practice guideline released by the American College of Critical Care Medicine provides a template for improving the care and outcomes of the critically ill through evidence-based pain, agitation, and delirium assessment, prevention, and management. Key strategies include the use of valid and reliable assessment tools, setting a desired sedation level target, a focus on light sedation, choosing appropriate sedative medications, the use of nonpharmacologic symptom management strategies, and engaging and empowering patients and their family to play an active role in their intensive care unit care.
Effects of thermal processing and pulp filtration on physical, chemical and sensory properties of winter melon juice.

Winter melon (Benincasa hispida) is a widely consumed crop in Asia, and believed to impart special benefits to human health. The nutritional composition and sensory properties of four juice types, resulting from a combination of pulp levels (low/high pulp, LP/HP) and thermal processing (with/without boiling, B/NB), LPNB, HPNB, LPB and HPB, were compared.; Results: The juices had low sugars (< 20 g kg-1 ) and low titratable acidity (about 2 g kg-1 ). The insoluble solids, glucose, fructose and citric acid content in LP juice were significantly lower than in HP juice. The phenolic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were detected at 10-45 mg L-1 levels, and the antioxidant activity ranged from 36 to 49 mg gallic acid L-1 . C6 and C9 aldehydes were mainly found in HP juice, and boiling induced the accumulation of sulfur compounds and C5 aldehydes. The LPNB juice showed the highest acceptability in the sensory panel. The frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) reconstituted with LPNB was preferable to regular FCOJ for 31% of panelists and not different for 20% of panelists.; Conclusion: The low sugar/low acid LPNB juice with 'fresh' flavor could be developed to replace water for reconstituting FCOJ with enhanced nutritional value. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influences of Model Parameters Based on Actual Measurement of Excitation Systems and Generator Model With Constant E_q' on Stability Calculation of Shandong Power Grid

The influences of model parameters based on actual measurement of excitation systems and generator model with constant E'q on Stability Calculation of Shandong Power Grid are researched,namely the influence of these factors on static stability,transient stability and dynamic stability of Shandong Power Grid.Taking the heavy load mode of Shandong Power Grid in the summer of the year 2008 as the base of calculation,the PSD-BPA stability calculation software and PSD-SSAP small signal calculation software developed by China Electric Power Research Institute are adopted in this research.Research results show that,the stability limit of Shandong Power Grid can be evidently heightened under the calculation using the model parameters based on actual measurements of excitation systems than that under the calculation using the generator model with constant E'q.The research finding shows that the operating economy of Shandong Power Grid can be effectively improved by rationally referring to the stability calculation results in which the model parameters based on actual measurements of excitation systems are utilized.
Dihydroxytryptamines: effects on noradrenergic function in mouse heart in vivo.

A variety of tryptamines, including the four isomeric hydroxytryptamines and four isomeric dihydroxytryptamines, inhibit uptake of [3H]norepinephrine into mouse heart in vivo and elicit release of [3H]norepinephrine from cardiac storage sites. α-Methyl congeners are more potent releasing agents, except in monoamine oxidase-inhibited mice, where in most cases the parent amines become almost as efficacious. Only 5.7-dihydroxytryptamine and, to a lesser extent, 6,7-dihydroxytryptamine have longterm cytotoxic effects on noradrenergic terminals in heart, as evident in a marked reduction in uptake of [3H]norepinephrine for 5-20 days after exposure to the amines and, for the 5,7-hydroxy-analog, in degenerative changes in the ultrastructure of atrial nerves. Cocaine prevents both [3H]norepinephrine release and the long-term effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. α-Methyl-5,7dihydroxytryptamine does not elicit any long-term effects, nor does the parent amine in animals in which monoamine oxidase has been inhibited. Dihydroxytryptamines undergo autoxidation much more slowly than cytotoxic phenethylamines, such as 6-hydroxy-dopamine, which are autoxidized rapidly. The mechanism involved in the cytotoxic effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in heart tissue thus contrasts in many aspects with that involved in the action of 6-hydroxy-dopamine.
Posterior circumflex humeral artery aneurysm in 2 professional volleyball players.

The goals of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are to minimize surgical trauma, minimize blood loss, and maximize the effect of analgesia. Assuming these surgical procedures are successful and rigid fixation is achieved, the result, in theory, should be shorter hospital stays and successful, early, aggressive rehabilitation at reduced cost relative to standard TKA surgical techniques. In this article, I address the economic benefits of applying MIS TKA surgical techniques compared with standard TKA surgical techniques.
Biomarker Analysis of Gene-Mutated Protein Products by Immunohistochemistry in Melanoma

Melanoma has distinct yet highly interconnected genetic signaling network involved in cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Central to the molecular engine that drives melanoma are recurring activating BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and GNAQ/GNA11 mutations in addition to a subset of tumors with functional loss of BAP1. The identification of these mutations in a subset of cutaneous melanomas has led to the development of novel mutation-specific-targeted therapies. Biomarker analysis, particularly with monoclonal anti-BRAF V600E has provided a highly sensitive and specific test for BRAF V600E mutation status, the most common mutation type in cutaneous melanoma. This chapter will examine the utility of biomarker expression by immunohistochemical methods in the evaluation of mutation status in melanoma and limitations to this testing method.
Adsorption and Permeation

This chapter covers a body of material that deals with movement of mass along gradients and between phases. It examines the commonalities and differences between linear driving forces, net rates of adsorption, and permeation. Each has the common feature that reaction is not involved but does involve transport between apparently well-defined regions. It focuses on chemically reactive systems in anticipation of eventually analyzing problems that involve mass transfer and reaction. Adsorption is a fundamental process of separation that is practiced for different purposes; removal of volatile organics contaminants (VOCs) from air is one, removal of water vapor from nitrogen is another. Adsorption is the process by which, molecules in the fluid phase in contact with a solid, move to the solid surface and interact with it. Once at the solid surface, these molecules may be reversibly or irreversibly adsorbed, that is, they may come back off the surface to the fluid phase with their full molecular integrity intact, or they may be so strongly bound that the rate of removal is for all purposes close enough to zero to be considered zero. True adsorption is a mass action process rather than a mass transfer process. What this means is that it will occur even in the absence of a concentration gradient between the bulk gas and the surface. It comes about due to the rapid and chaotic motion of the fluid phase molecules, and their impingement on the surface. From the elementary kinetic theory of an ideal gas one can compute the number of molecules impinging upon a surface per unit time per unit area at a given temperature and pressure.
Enhanced Lithium–Oxygen Battery Performances with Pt Subnanocluster Decorated N-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Cathodes

Achieving dramatic improvement in long-term cycling performance in Li–O2 batteries continues to remain a challenge, which is imperative for turning their alluring promise into reality. Developing a bifunctional cathode material capable of reducing overpotentials and enhancing the long-term cycling performances holds the key. Herein, bifunctional cathodes for Li–O2 batteries were prepared by electrodeposited Pt subnanoclusters on pristine as well as nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using rotating disk electrode voltammetry techniques. Diffraction, microscopic, and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the prepared materials, and the phase purity of the materials was confirmed. Microscopic analysis depicted a fine dispersion of ≤2 nm Pt nanoclusters on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Rotating disk electrode voltammetry measurements indicated low overpotentials as well as high catalytic ORR/OER activities with Pt nanocluster decorated SWCNTs in comparison to Pt-free SWCNTs....
Integration of InAs QD comb lasers with silicon photonics ring resonators

In the research of silicon photonics, nearly all of the silicon photonics interconnect components have been individually demonstrated, such as, lasers, modulators and detectors with the performance competitive with the electronic-only counterparts [1]. One of the biggest challenges is the seamless integration of robust and low-powered lasers with other silicon photonics devices, where the lasers need to be operated at relatively high ambient temperatures (70–80°C) and the emission wavelengths need to be varied to achieve a multichannel laser array with large transmission bandwidth. Due to the size inhomogeneity of QDs, QD lasers usually exhibit broad gain spectrum, and QD comb lasers with uniform and broad emission spectrum have been demonstrated [2]. Such unique broadband laser sources have the potential to replace a laser array with a single comb laser, and to enhance the total power consumption efficiency (power/bits).
Mechanistic modeling of inflammation

In this chapter we explore the characteristics underlying the development of mechanistic-based models of inflammation. The discussion covers the three basic arms of developing mechanistic models. We begin by exploring the likely experimental analogues producing critical information, we then review modeling alternatives for representing the biological system under study, and finally we review the key methods for executing the model and performing the required calculation. The discussion concludes with a brief overview of the challenges and opportunities in the context of bridging the gap between (mechanistic) disease and pharmacology models as we move towards more integrated systems pharmacology approaches with the ultimate goal of designing relevant in silico clinical trials enabling rational extrapolation of bench observations.
Phase I Study of Clofarabine Plus Idarubicin and Clofarabine Plus Idarubicin Plus Cytarabine (ARA-C) in Patients (PTS) with Relapsed and Primary Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), and Myeloid Blast Phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).

Phase I and II clinical studies demonstrated activity of Clofarabine in acute leukemias. In previous studies we have investigated clofarabine, plus ara-C combinations and reported a CR rate of 24% in relapsed AML and 52% in previously untreated AML ≥ 50 years (yrs) with acceptable toxicity profile. Anthracyclines are active in AML. To explore clofarabine further in AML combinations we conducted a phase I study of clofarabine with idarubicin with or without ara-C in pts with relapsed AML, MDS, and CML. Considered as dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) are ≥ grade 3 drug-related toxicities. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) will be determined by “3+3” dose escalation scheme. On the clofarabine (C)/idarubicin (I) combination (CI), 9 AML pts are enrolled (2 primary refractory, 7 first relapse). Median age: 58 yrs (range 24–71). Median first remission duration (CRD1): 3.1 mos. (0–7.6). For the first dose level, C was given at 22.5mg/m 2 i.v. daily x 5d and I at 12mg/m 2 i.v. daily x 3d. Among the first 6 pts, 2 ≥ gr. 3 toxicities (diarrhea, rash, ↑ bili) occurred necessitating dose de-escalation of C to 15mg/m 2 i.v. daily x 5 and I 8mg/m 2 i.v. daily x 3. Among 3 pts, 1 ≥ gr.3 toxicity (↑ bili) was observed. No responses occurred. On the CI + ara-C arm (CIA), 7 AML pts are enrolled (1 primary refractory, 6 first relapse). Median age: 58 yrs. (24–78). Median CRD1: 11.2 mos. (0–13.1). First dose level: C 22.5mg/m 2 i.v. daily x 5d, I 8mg/m 2 i.v. daily x 3d, A 1g/m 2 i.v. daily x 5d. Of 3 pts, 2 developed ≥ gr.3 toxicities (↑ bili, diarrhea) leading to the following de-escalation: C 15mg/m 2 i.v. daily x 5d, I 6mg/m 2 i.v. daily x 3d, A 0.75g/m 2 i.v. daily x 5d. Of 4 pts (1 ≥ gr. 3 rash, ↑ bili), 3 pts achieved CR. The phase I study is ongoing until determination of DLT and MTD for each arm. Our preliminary results indicate clinical activity of CIA even at the low dose level.
Turning the light on.

Richard Locksley describes a 2004 study by Margaret McFall-Ngai and colleagues that showed the role of bacterial pattern recognition in driving tissue homeostasis and function.
Improved strategies for DNP-enhanced 2D 1H-X heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy of surfaces

We demonstrate that dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced 1H-X heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) measurements of hydrogen-rich surface species are better accomplished by using proton-free solvents. This approach notably prevents HETCOR spectra from being obfuscated by the solvent-derived signals otherwise present in DNP measurements. Additionally, in the hydrogen-rich materials studied here, which included functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles and metal organic frameworks, the use of proton-free solvents afforded higher sensitivity gains than the commonly used solvents containing protons. We also explored the possibility of using a solvent-free sample formulation and the feasibility of indirect detection in DNP-enhanced HETCOR experiments.
Children forgotten in hot cars: a mental models approach for improving public health messaging.

Introduction On average, in the USA, 37 young children die every year due to vehicular heatstroke. Additionally, over half of these incidents occur when a parent/caregiver forgets a child in a vehicle. While various governmental and child safety advocacy groups have worked to raise awareness about these tragedies, rigorous studies have yet to be conducted that examine the current understanding and effectiveness of this public health messaging. Methods This study will employ a mental models approach in order to identify differences that exist between experts’ and parents’/caregivers’ knowledge and beliefs surrounding the topic of children forgotten in hot cars. We interviewed a diverse set of 25 parents/caregivers and seven experts in order to construct and explore these mental models. Results A comparative analysis was conducted, and three key differences were observed between these mental models. Unlike the experts, the parents/caregivers in the study emphasised perceived lifestyle factors (eg, low-income parent) as important elements in increasing an individual’s likelihood of forgetting a child in a car. Importantly, the parents/caregivers primarily obtained information from news reports, while experts believed public health campaigns would reach more parents/caregivers. Lastly, while experts stressed that this tragedy could happen to anyone, most parents/caregivers failed to acknowledge that they could forget their own child in a car. Conclusions To confront this denial, future public health messaging must strive to engage and reach all parents/caregivers. This can be accomplished using a multifaceted messaging strategy that includes personalising core messaging, providing additional resources to media outlets and building rapport between key partners.
Archaeological Landscapes of China and the Application of Corona Images

With its comprehensive coverage and open access, declassified Corona images provide high-resolution images of the Chinese landscape before its recent industrial boom. Its enormous potential for understanding landscape transformations is not fully realized. This paper explores ways to incorporate Corona images into research and education on the archaeology of China. Examples drawn from three locations in the Qufu region are provided to illustrate the dynamic relationships between landscape and society.
Abstract B67: The DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region regulates long-term proliferation in normal and malignant breast epithelium

DNA methylation changes are common in cancers, but their consequences are not fully understood. The DLK1-DIO3 locus, whose transcripts are controlled by the imprinted control region IG-DMR, is hypomethylated in 8% of breast cancer patients. Moreover, breast cancer patients with increased copy number of miR-127 , an miR encoded in the DLK1-DIO3 locus, had worse disease-specific survival. IG -DMR reporter mice revealed that the elevated expression of miR-127 in immature normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells is controlled by allele-specific DNA methylation. Aberrant expression of miR-127 led to the de novo acquisition of long-term proliferation by normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells. Mechanistically, miR-127 suppresses translation of SETD8 and subsequent H4K20me1 deposition at LATS2 , resulting in an effective activation of the Hippo target genes. Our results demonstrate that the DLK1-DIO3 region epigenetically regulates mammary stem cells, contributing to increased proliferative and tumorigenic capacity partially via regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Citation Format: Maider Zabala, Neethan A. Lobo, Jose A. Seoane, Yonatan Stelzer, An V. Luong, Taichi Isobe, Mark A. Zarnegar, Nicholas Watanabe, Sonia Antonana, Jessica Lam, Dalong Qian, Shaheen S. Sikandar, Angera H. Kuo, Luuk S. Heitink, Yohei Shimono, Ferenc A. Scheeren, Shang Cai, Shigeo Hisamori, Debashis Sahoo, Frederick M. Dirbas, George Somlo, Rudolf Jaenisch, Curtis Christina, Michael F. Clarke. The DLK1-DIO3 imprinted region regulates long-term proliferation in normal and malignant breast epithelium [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2017 Oct 7-10; Hollywood, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2018;16(8_Suppl):Abstract nr B67.
STRATEGI MEMENANGKAN PERSAINGAN DENGAN BALANCED SCORECARD

Abstract: Balanced scorecard is a management step, which is needed to improve the organization's financial performance in the process. Measurement of non-financial and financial information systems part of all staff throughout the organization. Balanced scorecard as a tool to exchange the work process, which must be with some organization that recently envisioned. Some companies which are designed on a vision and strategy can not be controlled for the competitive position in BSC. Companies can propaganda on planning to make an appointment BSC can also provide measurement system better. In the competitive process is prepared BSC consists of the implementation of interviews, workshops, and estimates on a reconsideration of research each year. As part of strategic planning is the location of the main objectives, therefore, can perform the primary purpose strategy location is therefore better able to perform the BSC to give effect to the level of customer satisfaction and improve the level of achievement. Customers will be loyal to the company if the company agreed to complete the request in a timely manner Keyword: balance score value, financial performance
Volumetric chemical imaging by clearing-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering microscopy

Three-dimensional visualization of tissue structures using optical microscopy facilitates the understanding of biological functions. However, optical microscopy is limited in tissue penetration due to severe light scattering. Recently, a series of tissue-clearing techniques have emerged to allow significant depth-extension for fluorescence imaging. Inspired by these advances, we develop a volumetric chemical imaging technique that couples Raman-tailored tissue-clearing with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. Compared with the standard SRS, the clearing-enhanced SRS achieves greater than 10-times depth increase. Based on the extracted spatial distribution of proteins and lipids, our method reveals intricate 3D organizations of tumor spheroids, mouse brain tissues, and tumor xenografts. We further develop volumetric phasor analysis of multispectral SRS images for chemically specific clustering and segmentation in 3D. Moreover, going beyond the conventional label-free paradigm, we demonstrate metabolic volumetric chemical imaging, which allows us to simultaneously map out metabolic activities of protein and lipid synthesis in glioblastoma. Together, these results support volumetric chemical imaging as a valuable tool for elucidating comprehensive 3D structures, compositions, and functions in diverse biological contexts, complementing the prevailing volumetric fluorescence microscopy.
An experimental–numerical modal analysis for the study of shell-fluid interactions in a clamped hemispherical shell

Abstract The vibration of an aluminum hemispherical shell filled with inviscid compressible fluid is considered. The modal frequencies, damping ratio and mode shapes of the shell are experimentally determined under both empty and fully-filled conditions. A numerical simulation based on the finite elements is conducted to be verified with the experimental modal analysis using a roving hammer-impact test. The finite element analysis of the fluid and the solid shell has been carried out implementing the fluid-solid interaction formulation analysis. The modal frequencies of modes are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. The modal frequencies decrement is observed in both numerical and experimental modal analysis as the impacts of the fluid-structure interaction on the hemisphere shell vibration. The simulated numerical mode shapes and the experimental ones are in close agreement and show that the fluid-solid interaction condition eventuates modal shape transformation.
Abstract TMP103: A Culturally-tailored, Skills-based Intervention to Reduce Vascular Risk in a Multi-ethnic Group of Mild/Moderate Stroke Survivors: An Interim Analysis from the DESERVE Trial

Introduction: Secondary stroke prevention strategies have proven suboptimal in underserved communities and minority populations. Methods: The Discharge Educational Strategies for Reduction of Vascu...
Mechanical properties of carbon-nanotube-reinforced cementitious materials: database and statistical analysis

This paper aims to provide guidelines for selecting the correct type of carbon nanotube (CNT) to improve the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. Previous researchers have discussed the...
Hospitalist-Operated Compression Ultrasonography: a Point-of-Care Ultrasound Study (HOCUS-POCUS).

Venous thromboembolism includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. Compression ultrasonography is the most common way to evaluate DVT and is typically performed by sonographers and interpreted by radiologists. Yet there is evidence that ultrasound examinations can be safely and accurately performed by clinicians at the bedside. To measure the operating characteristics of hospital medicine providers performing point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for evaluation of DVT. This is a prospective cohort study enrolling a convenience sample of patients. Hospital medicine providers performed POCUS for DVT and the results were compared with the corresponding formal vascular study (FVS) interpreted by radiologists. Hospitalized non-ICU patients at four tertiary care hospitals for whom a DVT ultrasound was ordered. The primary outcomes were the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the POCUS compression ultrasound compared with a FVS. The secondary outcome was the elapsed time between order and the POCUS study compared with the time the FVS was ordered to when the formal radiology report was finalized. One hundred twenty-five limbs from 73 patients were scanned. The prevalence of DVT was 6.4% (8/125). The sensitivity of POCUS for DVT was 100% (95% CI 74–100%) and specificity was 95.8% (95% CI 91–98%) with a positive predictive value of 61.5% (95% CI 35–84%) and a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 98–100%). The median time from order to POCUS completion was 5.8 h versus 11.5 h median time from order until the radiology report was finalized (p = 0.001). Hospital medicine providers can perform compression-only POCUS for DVT on inpatients with accuracy similar to other specialties and settings, with results available sooner than radiology. The observed prevalence of DVT was lower than expected. POCUS may be reliable in excluding DVT but further study is required to determine how to incorporate a positive POCUS DVT result into clinical practice.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of patients hospitalized in the US military health system with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection.

Background We aimed to characterize the epidemiology, identify risk factors, and measure outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections among hospitalized patients. Methods We performed a retrospective study of hospitalized patients with CRE infection using records from the US military health system database. Cases included patients admitted for ≥2 days from 2008-2015, with a clinical culture growing any Enterobacteriaceae reported as resistant to a carbapenem. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify comorbid conditions and procedures associated with CRE infection, and a high-dimensional propensity score was used for a case-mix adjusted evaluation of CRE-associated in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Results From 1,162,686 hospitalized patients, we identified 143 with CRE infection over the 7-year study period. Conditions associated with CRE infection included manipulation of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal trauma, orthopedic procedures, septicemia, and both recent and remote exposure to broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. Patients hospitalized with CRE infection had significantly higher hospitalization costs (attributable difference, $206,664; P Conclusions CRE are a significant threat to hospitalized patients. Our study quantifies the health care burden associated with CRE infection in the inpatient setting and highlights the importance of initiatives aimed at curbing the spread of these costly infections.
Flagellar nanorobot with kinetic behavior investigation and 3D motion

Wirelessly controlled nanorobots have the potential to perform highly precise maneuvers within complex in vitro and in vivo environments. Flagellar nanorobots will be useful in a variety of biomedical applications, however, to date there has been little effort to investigate essential kinetic behavior changes related to the geometric properties of the nanorobot and effects imparted to it by nearby boundaries. Flagellar nanorobots are composed of an avidin-coated magnetic nanoparticle head (MH) and a single biotin-tipped repolymerized flagellum that are driven by a wirelessly generated rotating magnetic field. Nanorobots with different MHs and flagellar lengths were manually guided to perform complex swimming trajectories under both bright-field and fluorescence microscopy visualizations. The experimental results show that rotational frequency, handedness of rotation direction, MH size, flagellar length, and distance to the bottom boundary significantly affect the kinematics of the nanorobot. The results reported herein summarize fundamental research that will be used for the design specifications necessary for optimizing the application of helical nanorobotic devices for use in delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents. Additionally, robotic nanoswimmers were successfully navigated and tracked in 3D using quantitative defocusing, which will significantly improve the efficiency, function, and application of the flagellar nanorobot.
The Metabolism of α,α-Trehalose*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the metabolism of α,α-trehalose. The chapter outlines the various reactions that have been shown to be involved in the metabolism of trehalose. The other isomers of trehalose containing D-glucopyranose—that is, α,β-trehalose and β,β-trehalose have been synthesized chemically. However, except for a few rare cases, these isomers of trehalose do not appear to be naturally occurring. The mechanism of biosynthesis of α,α-trehalose. To determine the role of trehalose in Mycobacterium the levels of free and “bound” (that is, lipid-associated) trehalose and glycogen during growth of Mycobacterium smegmutis under various conditions of nitrogen limitation is examined. Whereas the glycogen levels increased markedly as the nitrogen content of the medium was lowered, the levels of trehalose remained fairly constant. The results of labeling studies suggested that the free trehalose in these cells may be utilized for purposes except as an energy reserve, whereas glycogen is probably stored mainly as a reserve. Synthesis and degradation of trehalose constitute a mechanism for the resorption of D-glucose in the kidney and, perhaps, also in the intestine. It has also been suggested that trehalose—like another naturally occurring, nonreducing disaccharide, sucrose—could function in the movement of carbohydrate, .i.e., as a translocate in plants or insects, or both.
Synthesis of Cyclohexane-Angularly-Fused Triquinanes.

Cyclohexane-angularly-fused triquinanes, 6-5-5-5 tetra­cycles, have attracted the attention of synthetic chemists due to their highly congested core structures and multiple quaternary carbon centers. This review focuses on the six completed total synthesis of naturally occurring cyclohexane-angularly-fused triquinanes in addition to seven notable methodologies that have been developed for the synthesis of these structures. 1 Introduction 2 6-5-5-5 Tetracycles Containing a Linear Triquinane 2.1 Total Synthesis of Cyclopiane Diterpenes 2.2 Synthetic Approach toward Aberrarane Diterpenes 2.3 Intermediates in the Total Synthesis of Magellanine-Type Alkaloids 3 6-5-5-5 Tetracycles Containing an Angular Triquinane 3.1 Total Synthesis of Waihoensene 3.2 Miscellaneous Approaches 4 Conclusion
Evaluation of Process Improvement Interventions on Handoff Times between the Emergency Department and Observation Unit

Abstract Background Mitigating hospital crowding requires judicious use of inpatient resources, making Emergency Department Observation Units (EDOUs) an increasingly vital destination for patients that are not suitable for discharge. Maximizing the utility of the EDOU hinges on efficient patient transfers and safe provider communication, which may be accomplished with asynchronous handoff and an emphasis on pull-through operations. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an electronic, asynchronous handoff replacing verbal handoff on transfer times from the Emergency Department (ED) to the EDOU. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed with patients transferred to the EDOU throughout several process improvement measures focused on asynchronous handoff. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect that these process improvements had on the time from EDOU bed assignment to patient transfer. Results There were 14,996 EDOU stays during the 20-month period included in the analysis. Time from EDOU bed assignment to patient transfer decreased significantly with all three interventions studied. An auto-page to the clinicians notifying them of a ready bed reduced the mean time to transfer by 10.1 min (p Conclusion Introducing automatic pages regarding bed status and converting the handoff process from a verbal model to an asynchronous, electronic handoff were effective ways to reduce the time from bed assignment to transfer out of the ED for patients being sent to the EDOU.
Can science-informed, consensus-based stakeholder negotiations achieve optimal dam decision outcomes?

Abstract Integrating science and decision-making in dam management is needed to address complex tradeoffs among environmental, economic, and social outcomes across varied geographic scales and diverse stakeholder interests. In this study, we introduce an approach that integrates system dynamics modeling (SDM) and role-play simulation (RPS) to facilitate use of the best available knowledge in dam decision-making. Using a hypothetical dam decision context in the New England region of the United States, this research investigates: (1) How do science-informed, negotiated outcomes compare to Pareto-optimal outcomes produced by a scientific model that balance selected system performance tradeoffs?; and (2) How do science-informed, negotiated outcomes compare to the status quo outcome? To our knowledge, this research is the first effort to combine SDM and RPS to support dam decisions and compare science-informed, consensus-based outcomes and optimized system outcomes. Our analyses show Pareto-optimal solutions usually involve a multi-dam management approach with diversified management options. Although all negotiated outcomes produced a net loss compared with at least one of the Pareto-optimal solutions balanced across tradeoffs, some yielded benefits close to or better than specific Pareto-optimal solutions. All negotiated outcomes yielded improvements over the status quo outcome. Our findings highlight the potential for science-informed, stakeholder-engaged approaches to inform decision-making and improve environmental and economic outcomes.
Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drink Consumption Acutely Decreases Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity and Heart Rate Variability

In healthy humans, fructose-sweetened water consumption increases blood pressure variability (BPV) and decreases spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and heart rate variability (HR...
Side-specific valvular endothelial-interstitial cell mechano-communication via cadherin-11.

Abstract Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a condition causing stiffening of the aortic valve, impeding cardiac function and resulting in significant morbidity worldwide. CAVD is thought to be driven by the persistent activation of the predominant cell type in the valve, aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs), into myofibroblasts, resulting in subsequent calcification and stenosis of the valve. Although much of the research into CAVD focuses on AVICs, the aortic valve endothelial cells (AVECs) have been shown to regulate AVICs and maintain tissue homeostasis. Exposed to distinct flow patterns during the cardiac cycle, the AVECs lining either side of the valve demonstrate crucial differences which could contribute to the preferential formation of calcific nodules on the aorta-facing (fibrosa) side of the valve. Cadherin-11 (CDH11) is a cell–cell adhesion protein which has been previously associated with AVIC myofibroblast activation, nodule formation, and CAVD in mice. In this study, we investigated the role of CDH11 in AVECs and examined side-specific differences. The aorta-facing or fibrosa endothelial cells (fibAVECs) express higher levels of CDH11 than the ventricle-facing or ventricularis endothelial cells (venAVECs). This increase in expression corresponds with increased contraction of a free-floating collagen gel compared to venAVECs. Additionally, co-culture of fibAVECs with AVICs demonstrated decreased contraction compared to an AVIC + AVIC control, but increased contraction compared to the venAVECs co-culture. This aligns with the known preferential formation of calcific nodules on the fibrosa. These results together indicate a potential role for CDH11 expression by AVECs in regulating AVIC contraction and subsequent calcification.
Design high-confidence computers using trusted instructional set architecture and emulators

Abstract High-confidence computing relies on trusted instructional set architecture, sealed kernels, and secure operating systems. Cloud computing depends on trusted systems for virtualization tasks. Branch predictions and pipelines are essential in improving performance of a CPU/GPU. But Spectre and Meltdown make modern processors vulnerable to be exploited. Disabling the prediction and pipeline is definitely not a good solution. On the other hand, current software patches can only address non-essential issues around Meltdown. This paper introduces a holistic approach in trusted computer architecture design and emulation.
Beliefs About the Health Effects of Smoking Among Adults in the United States

The majority of U.S. adults believe that smoking is a cause of lung cancer, but research suggests that the percentage of adults who believe smoking causes other types of cancers and chronic disease is lower. This study examines the correlates of beliefs about several established health effects of smoking in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Data for this study come from Wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study conducted from December 2016 to January 2018. Participants responded to questions assessing their beliefs about the health effects of smoking. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between beliefs about the health effects of smoking and sociodemographic characteristics (smoker status, age, sex, education, race/ethnicity), exposure to antitobacco campaigns, smokers' health, and nicotine dependence. The percentage of U.S. adults who endorsed a health effect can be caused from smoking ranged from 56.4% for blindness to 97.4% for lung disease. Respondents who were older, less educated, current or former smokers, and had less exposure to antitobacco campaigns were generally less likely (p < .05) to endorse that an established health effect was caused by smoking. Smokers with lower nicotine dependence and worse health were generally more likely (p < .05) to endorse that an established health effect was caused by smoking. In summary, knowledge about the health effects of smoking varies across health conditions. Public health would benefit from campaigns targeting segments of the population with less knowledge about the health effects of smoking.
Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Planning in Urban Environments

This work proposes a fast algorithm for generating obstacle-free and wind-efficient flight paths at a constant above-ground-level altitude in urban environments because a fast flight path planning ...
Accurate linear and nonlinear model-based feedforward deposition control for material extrusion additive manufacturing

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining attention as an alternative to traditional manufacturing processes. Of the available AM methods, material extrusion (ME) AM is predominant. High-quality ME AM demands accurate synchronization between positioning (motion) control and extrusion control, as poor synchronization leads to printing defects like over- and under-extrusion. Typically, extrusion control in ME AM is achieved via feedforward (FF) control techniques due to difficulties in sensing extrusion rate in real-time for feedback control. However, existing FF extrusion control techniques rely on simple linear models to control the highly nonlinear extrusion process, leading to quality issues like over- and under-extrusion. This paper presents two FF control strategies for mitigating over- and under-extrusion defects in ME AM. The first strategy uses a standard linear model of extrusion system but applies it to FF motion control rather than FF extrusion control. This has the net effect of synchronizing motion and extrusion control while avoiding some nonlinearities associated with the extrusion process. In the second approach, an empirical nonlinear model of the extrusion process is developed and adopted for the design of a nonlinear FF extrusion controller. Both approaches were validated experimentally on a fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printer, and respectively demonstrated up to 40.45% and 35.98% improvement in deposition accuracy (i.e., reduced over- and under-extrusion) compared to a standard FF extrusion control approach typically used in the literature. In addition, the proposed nonlinear FF controller was shown to be more versatile and lead to faster ME AM compared to the proposed linear FF motion control approach. A practical application of the proposed techniques for improving the quality of a variable-width pattern printed using a new concept of continuously varied extrusion was demonstrated.
A review of the literature on siblings of individuals with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities

Abstract Siblings of individuals with severe intellectual disability are underrepresented in research, yet they are simultaneously an at-risk population and a crucial population in terms of future planning ( Heller & Arnold, 2010 ; Rossetti & Hall, 2015 ). This review systematically summarizes the literature with the goals of (1) characterizing the state of the literature on this subpopulation, (2) identifying evidence for differential impacts and needs in this subpopulation as compared to the umbrella population of siblings of individuals with IDD, and (3) identifying future directions researchers should take to determine the implications of these differential impact(s), should they exist. Results suggest that the research is inconclusive in many domains, but increased likelihood of negative outcomes and increased caregiving responsibilities across the lifespan are supported. Limitations include underreporting of severity and sample biases. Implications for sibling wellbeing and future planning are discussed.
Elimination of visual artifacts in digital image watermarking

A new digital watermarking technique is proposed for still images in the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) domain. Most of the existing image and video watermarking algorithms use block transformations that introduce blocking artifacts, causing perceptible distortions. MDCT has better coding performance compared to DCT and also the computational complexity of MDCT has been reduced in recent years compared to wavelets. We investigate the use of MDCT in digital watermarking.
Experimental evidence for limited leaching of phosphorus from canopy leaves in a tropical dry forest

Apart from being water limited during the dry season, some tropical dry forests are also phosphorus (P) limited. For these systems, throughfall contributes an important source of P. Leaf leaching of P would confound the quantification of external P in throughfall; and thus, it is necessary to determine the importance of leaf leaching for such systems. In this study, we used a modification of the classic methodology to determine whether P is leached from common tree species found in a tropical dry forest. Our modification of washing the leaves allowed us to also examine the amount of organic phosphorus (PO) and inorganic phosphorus (PI) yielded instantaneously from the leaves, representing P deposited on leaf surfaces. We compared leaves from mature and successional forests to understand how canopy structure affects deposition. Although we saw no evidence for leaching, the decline in rinsate P between sample times may suggest that microbes on the surfaces of leaves take up P dissolved in intercepted canopy water. The washing of leaves during the experiment yielded measurable quantities of PO and PI. The quantity of PO or PI yielded from the surfaces of leaves differed between species and forest types. Scaled-up estimates suggested that 0·8 g PI ha−1 per rainfall event and 2·8 g PO ha1 event−1 were yielded from the successional forest and 4·4 and 10·7 g PO ha1 event1 from the mature forest, the latter of which is very similar to measured throughfall values for this area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Naturalistic Observation in Psychoanalysis

Abstract The writer advocates a naturalistic approach to psychoanalysis. The Jane Goodall technique is an application of this approach in which the analyst studies the analysand as a naturalist would study and document the behavior of an animal species. The technique is particularly useful during difficult phases of treatment, and is sometimes quite powerful. Case material is presented showing how use of the technique can identify various forms of emotional induction used by analysands, the kinds of inductions which often produce countertransference reactions. Topics discussed include projective identification, supervision, and nature of psychoanalytic facts.
A first demonstration of mars crosslink occultation measurements

A series of three crosslink occultation experiments have been acquired between the Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft to probe the Martian atmosphere i\n 2007. While crosslink occultations between Earth orbiting satellites have been used to profile the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere since 1995, this represents the first demonstration of crosslink occultation measurements at another planet. These measurements leverage the proximity link telecommunication payloads on each orbiter, which are nominally used to provide relay communication and navigation services to Mars landers and rovers. Analysis of the observed Doppler shift on each crosslink measurement reveals a clear signature of the Martian atmosphere, primarily the ionosphere. Inversion of the observed Doppler data yields vertical profiles of the Martian refractivity and electron density. The electron density profiles show the presence of two layers with peak densities and peak heights that are consistent with empirical model results. Our study demonstrates the feasibility and future potential of the crosslink radio occultation technique in the exploration of planetary atmospheres.
Ubiquitination as a mechanism to transport soluble mycobacterial and eukaryotic proteins to exosomes

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that function in intercellular communication. Our previous studies indicate that exosomes released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages contain soluble mycobacterial proteins. However, it was unclear how these secreted proteins were targeted to exosomes. In this study, we determined that exosome production by the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 requires the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport and that trafficking of mycobacterial proteins from phagocytosed bacilli to exosomes was dependent on protein ubiquitination. Moreover, soluble mycobacterial proteins, when added exogenously to RAW264.7 or human HEK293 cells, were endocytosed, ubiquitinated, and released via exosomes. This suggested that endocytosed proteins could be recycled from cells through exosomes. This hypothesis was supported using the tumor-associated protein He4, which, when endocytosed by RAW264.7 or HEK293 cells, was transported to exosomes in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Our data suggest that ubiquitination is a modification sufficient for trafficking soluble proteins within the phagocytic/endocytic network to exosomes.