cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dealers, thieves, and the common determinants of drug and nondrug illegal earnings

Drug crime often is viewed as distinctive from other types of crime, meriting greater or lesser punishment. In view of this special status, this article asks whether and how illegal earnings attainment differs between drug sales and other forms of economic crime. We estimate monthly illegal earnings with fixed-effects models, based on data from the National Supported Work Demonstration Project and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Although drug sales clearly differ from other types of income-generating crime, we find few differences in their determinants. For example, the use of cocaine or heroin increases illegal earnings from both drug and nondrug crimes, indicating some degree of fungibility in the sources of illegal income. More generally, the same set of factors—particularly legal and illegal opportunities and embeddedness in criminal and conventional networks—predicts both drug earnings and nondrug illegal earnings. Research on illegal earnings often has emphasized the distinctiveness of drug offenses and the greater or lesser punishments associated with these
Decision Classification Enhances Case-Based Reasoning

In order to arrive at a meaningful and useful classification of decisions, a sufficiently descriptive framework for classification should be created. The use of the traditional programmednonprogrammed dichotomy is acceptable, but decisions themselves cannot always be treated as a single either/or entity. Decision-making is a process involving distinct and separable steps. A programmed-nonprogrammed classification scheme will be applied to a variety of different types of decisions. Using Case-based Reasoning (CBR) various decision scenarios with their corresponding classifications can be stored. The resulting database is a growing and evolving body of experience and knowledge to be used for future decision-making.
Bier spots: a benign vascular anomaly

A 26-year-old woman with a reported history of tinea versicolour presented for persistent hypopigmentation on her bilateral forearms. Detailed examination revealed multiple small (5–10 mm), irregularly shaped white macules on the extensor surfaces of the bilateral forearms overlying slightly erythaematous skin. The surrounding erythaematous skin blanched with pressure and with elevation of the upper extremities the white macules were no longer visible (figures 1 and 2). A clinical diagnosis of Bier spots was made based on the patient's characteristic clinical features. Figure 1 Patient's right forearm (A) and left forearm (B) showing multiple small symmetric hypopigmented macules against slightly erythaematous …
Thermonuclear Supernovae: Probing Magnetic Fields by Late-Time IR Line Profiles

We study the imprint of magnetic fields B on late-time IR line profiles and light curves of Type Ia Supernovae. As a benchmark, we use the explosion of a Chandrasekhar mass M_{Ch White Dwarf (WD) and, specifically, a delayed detonation model. We assume WDs with initial magnetic surface fields between 1 and 1E9G. We discuss large-scale dipole and small-scale magnetic fields. We find that the [Fe II] line at 1.644 mu can be used to analyze the overall chemical and density structure of the exploding WD up to day 200 without considering B. Subsequently, positron transport and magnetic field effects become important. By day 500, the profile becomes sensitive to the morphology of B and directional dependent for dipole fields. Small or no directional dependence of the spectra is found for small-scale B. After about 200 days, persistent broad-line, flat-topped or stumpy profiles require high density burning which is the signature of a WD close to M_Ch. Narrow peaked profiles are a signature of chemical mixing or sub-MCh WDs. Good time coverage is required to separate the effects of optical depth, the size and morphology of B, and the aspect angle of the observer. The spectra require a resolution of about 500 km/sec and a signal to noise ratio of about 20%. Line blending effect are demonstrated at the example of equally prominent features at about 1.5 and 1.8 mu. For some SNeIa, spectra beyond day 300 have been observed which lend support for M_Ch mass explosions in at least some cases, and require magnetic fields equal to or in excess of 1E6G. We briefly discuss the effects of the size and morphology of B on light curves and the limitations in light of the diversity of SNeIa. We argue that line profiles are a more direct measurement of B.
Poly(Binaphthalenevinylene- alt -Phenylenevinylene) Derivatives: Novel Luminescent Polymers for Light-Emitting Devices

Novel conjugated light-emitting polymers were synthesized via a Wittig-Horner condensation reaction between a binaphthyl dicarbaldehyde and a series of electron-rich or electron-deficient aryl diphosphonates. After comparing these materials with the model compound, 4c, it was revealed that the introduction of a twisted, non-coplanar binaphthyl structure provided an effective approach for tailoring the spectral characteristics of the polymers and improving their solubility and thermal stability (glass transition temperature, Tg, 〉200°C). Furthermore, the band structures of the polymers could be fine-tuned by changing the electronic properties of the bridging aromatic units. The electroluninescence (EL) and device characteristics were also reported in this paper.
Experimental testing of changes in wind turbines which affect furling

Most small wind turbines (1.0 kW and below) furl (aerodynamic/mechanical ability of wind turbine to turn out of the wind) for overspeed protection. Overspeed protection afforded by this furling action protects the rotor and other system components from being stressed beyond the limits for which they were designed. Testing wind turbines that furl has been performed by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Bushland, TX, since 1988. One 10 kW wind turbine being tested came close to destruction when a guy cable attachment failed due to excessive vibration. The excessive vibration was caused by the high wind speed necessary to cause the turbine to furl. In November 1997 experimental testing was started on two smaller wind turbines (rated at 0.85 kW and 1.5 kW) to analyze and investigate ways of altering the furling wind speed which could be incorporated in a redesign of the 10 kW wind turbine. These changes involved changing the rotor diameter, the direction of rotor rotation, and the wind turbine electrical load. Increasing the rotor diameter by about 20% resulted in a decrease in furling wind speed of 4 to 5 m/s for the 0.85 kW wind turbine and 2 to 3 m/s for the 1.5 kW wind turbine. Changing the rotor rotation direction gave different results for the two wind turbines, but the larger tilt angle of the 10 kW wind turbine rotor axis may make changing the rotor rotation direction more effective. Applying the electrical load at a lower frequency with a smart conuoller on the 0.85 kW wind turbine resulted in a delay in furling of at least 4 m/s.
Clinical applications of optical coherence tomography.

Optical coherence tomography is a new diagnostic tool for high-resolution imaging of ocular tissues. Ocular coherence tomography produces cross-sectional images of the retina with a longitudinal resolution of 10 μm. This provides the most highly resolved retinal images in vivo when compared with oth
Evaluation of media and reagents for indole-spot tests in anaerobic bacteriology.

Indole-spot tests for use in anaerobic bacteriology were evaluated. Spot test results obtained with four reagents and 143 anaerobic organisms grown on blood agars prepared with three commonly-used bases were compared with those obtained with a tube test utilizing indole-nitrate medium and Kovacs’ test. Correlation of spot test with tube test results was best when organisms were grown on trypticase soy blood agar and tested with 1% p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde in 10% (v/v) concentrated hydrochloric acid. This indole-spot test offers a simple, reliable, economical, and rapid method for detection of indole production with anaerobic bacteria.
Restoration commerce and the instruments of trust Robert Boyle and the science of money

Although the theological elements of Robert Boyle’s mechanical philosophy have received careful scrutiny, his reflections on economic issues have largely been overlooked. This article takes a small step towards redressing this state of affairs. Rather than argue that Boyle – like John Locke or David Hume – was as interested in political economy as he was in discovering the nature of Nature, the article treats him as a point of entry for considering how early-modern England negotiated the revolutionary cultural and economic changes that emerged as capitalism took command. More specifically, it uses one of Boyle’s less-famous inventions – a hydrostatic device for discriminating between real, degraded and counterfeit coinage – in order to explore how economic exchange began to acquire a patina of ‘objectivity’ in the 17th-century imagination.
Managing and Sustaining Ecosystems

Human activities influence all of Earth’s ecosystems. This chapter summarizes the principles by which important ecological properties can be sustained to meet the needs of ecosystems and society.
A Paradigmatic Example

The theoretical foundations for this class of models have been summarized in Easley and Kiefer (1988). A discrete time decision problem is considered where the decisionmaker chooses an action r in each period to maximize total expected discounted reward depending on the action chosen and the outcome, a random variable. The conditional distribution f(.|r, s) of the outcome given the action depends on an initially unknown parameter s. The decisionmaker begins with a prior belief about the unknown parameter and at the end of each period updates it via Bayes’ rule utilizing the latest observations on the action taken and the outcome. Easley and Kiefer take the additional simplifying step of integrating out the outcome and redefining the maximand to be the total expected discounted mean reward where the mean is calculated with respect to the conditional distribution f(.|r,s) and the belief distribution.
Serotherapy of B-cell neoplasms with anti-B4-blocked ricin: a phase I trial of daily bolus infusion

Anti-B4-blocked Ricin (Anti-B4-bR) is an immunotoxin comprised of the anti-B4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and the protein toxin “blocked ricin.” The anti-B4 MoAb is directed against the B-lineage-restricted CD19 antigen expressed on more than 95% of normal and neoplastic B cells. Blocked ricin is an altered ricin derivative that has its nonspecific binding eliminated by chemically blocking the galactose binding domains of the B chain. In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that the IC37 of Anti-B4-bR is 2 x 10(-11) mol/L compared with 4 x 10(-12) mol/L for native ricin. A phase I dose escalation clinical trial was conducted in 25 patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. Anti-B4-bR was administered by daily 1-hour bolus infusion for 5 consecutive days at doses ranging from 1 microgram/kg/d to 60 micrograms/kg/d. Serum levels above 1 nmol/L were achieved transiently in the majority of patients treated at the maximum tolerated dose of 50 micrograms/kg/d for 5 days for a total dose of 250 micrograms/kg. The dose-limiting toxicity was defined by transient, reversible grade 3 elevations in hepatic transaminases, without impaired hepatic synthetic function. Minor toxicities included transient hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytopenia, and fevers. Human antimouse antibody and human anti-ricin antibody were detected in nine patients. One complete response, two partial responses, and eight mixed or transient responses were observed. These results show the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of Anti-B4-bR and indicate that this immunotoxin can be administered as a daily bolus infusion for 5 days with tolerable, reversible toxicity.
Considering Age Diversity in Recruitment and Selection: An Expanded Work Lifespan View of Age Management

Understanding and promoting age diversity in the workplace are both particularly important considerations for the design and implementation of organisation entry processes, such as recruitment and personnel selection (e.g., Loretto and White 2006; Brooke 2003). For the most part, recruitment and selection represent the primary means of gaining entry into an organisation, and both processes serve multiple roles in structuring applicant and new-hire experiences (e.g., Smither et al. 1993). For example, recruitment and selection serve important socialisation functions to the extent that participation in these processes convey norms, expectations, values, and company culture and climate to job applicants (Cooper-Thomas and Anderson 2006; Rousseau 1990). As core personnel and human resources management (HRM) practices, recruitment and selection can be characterised and defined in numerous ways (e.g., from strategic or organisation perspectives). One way of understanding recruitment and selection that is particularly germane to a discussion of promoting age diversity is to consider various judgement and decision points that characterise each process.
Fiber optic loop based integrated RF-photonic system for analog signal processing

We developed a fiber-optic-loop based system that replicates a single RF input pulse to produce thousands of signal pairs in time domain for auto-correlation processing. A new noise redistribution feature improved the system signal-to-noise performance which allows high resolution spectral analysis for a single signal-pulse.
Understanding the E-Book Plateau Through the RDA Model

ABSTRACTThe introduction of Amazon's Kindle eReader in 2007 and of Barnes & Noble's Nook eReader in 2010 brought with them an excitement for e-books and a sudden increase in user adoption of the format. In less than a decade's time, however, enthusiasm for e-books quickly leveled off. This article examines e-books as a format in comparison with other resource formats through the lens of the Resource Description and Access content standard as a way to better understand the resilience to supersession that print has displayed in the face of e-books.
Hunter cooperation with requests to avoid a visibly marked ungulate

Studies utilizing radio tags to examine animal space use are widespread and often require the survival of marked animals over the entirety of a specified study period to answer movement-related questions. When studying the space use of game species, tactics such as applying visible markings to research animals and communicating with hunters may be needed to mitigate unwanted losses due to hunter harvest. Information regarding the effectiveness of visible markings and communication efforts in reducing harvest, as well as examples of hunter cooperation with requests to avoid harvesting marked animals, are lacking but could be quite useful when designing movement studies and planning capture efforts. Across 3 studies conducted during 2009–2015 on public and private land in the southeastern United States, adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were captured and marked in 1 of 3 ways: via conspicuous (Global Positioning System [GPS]) radiocollar; conspicuous radiocollar combined with visible ear tags; or cryptic (very-high-frequency [VHF]) radiocollar. Hunters were asked not to harvest visibly marked deer (GPS radiocollars, with or without ear tags) and survival was compared with that of cryptically marked (VHF) animals. Visibly marked deer were less likely to be harvested than were cryptically marked individuals on private land, but collar types were treated similarly on public land. Additionally, visibly marked males were more likely to be harvested than visibly marked females and the likelihood of harvest increased with male deer age. Our findings suggest that hunter cooperation decreases with the opportunity to harvest a “trophy” and that cooperation is lower on public land compared with private land. Insight into hunter treatment of visibly marked deer can inform researchers and managers about expected losses when conducting long-term spatial monitoring of ungulates and other game species. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Political Competition and Corporate Bribery: Evidence from South Korea

Bribery is an important phenomenon because it is costly to economic development, because it detracts from public confidence in the rule of law, and because it may distort who ends up being the winn...
On Reconciling Divergent Ideas: A Life-long Quest

As an educator whose work has focused on equity and social justice, I have long struggled with a conundrum: how to reconcile meritocracy – an idea at the very heart of U.S. thinking – with the reality of inequality and injustice. I’ve spent my professional life – whether teaching, mentoring, researching, or writing – trying to make sense of these conflicting beliefs. I’ve been on a quest to learn how to teach and write about them with some sense of integrity, with neither an unrealistic Pollyanna-ish optimism nor a doomsday negativism. In this essay, I address what this quest has meant for my teaching, research, and writing. I present two major lessons I’ve learned: one, being humble about what we know and do is essential if we want to collaborate with, and learn from, those who are most impacted by injustice in education, that is, students, their families, and teachers; and two, education is a political endeavor.
Does Gender Matter? An Exploratory Study of Cultural Betrayal Trauma and Hallucinations in Latino Undergraduates at a Predominantly White University.

Violence victimization, such as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, has been linked with hallucinations. How abuse-related distress manifests is dependent on a host of factors, including gender,...
Individual- and Contextual-Level Factors Affecting the Use of Social Support Services among Older Adults

By 2060, the number of Americans aged 65 and older is expected to more than double, while the number of Americans aged 85 and older is expected to nearly triple. As the nation's aging population gr...
THE CASE FOR PUNISHING THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR MINIMUM WAGE LAWS, RENT CONTROL AND PROTECTIONIST TARIFFS

Most economists oppose minimum wages, rent control and protectionism. The present paper takes this opposition one step further. Well, a few steps further. It attempts to make the case that those responsible for these enactments are criminals and should be punished by law.
How to Prepare an IRB Application

Although there are a variety of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), all of them review research protocols to ensure the rights of human subjects are protected. The federal regulations that govern IRB composition and define their charge are known, in general, as the Common Rule. Researchers should be familiar with the IRB and all of the associated standard operating procedures prior to submitting the first study for review and approval. Being familiar with the expectations will make the process predictable and easy to implement.
Abstract 333: USP1 is required for replication fork stability in BRCA1-deficient tumors

Homologous-recombination (HR) deficient tumors with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations exhibit replication fork stability defects. To date, PARP inhibitors are the only targeted therapy available in the clinic against HR deficient tumors, and alternative therapies are needed. In this study, we found a deubiquitinase, USP1, to be significantly upregulated in tumors with mutations in BRCA1. SiRNA mediated silencing or small molecule inhibition of USP1 activity resulted in replication fork destabilization and decreased viability of BRCA1 deficient cells, revealing a synthetic lethal relationship between USP1 and BRCA1. The cofactor of USP1, UAF1, had previously been shown to have DNA-binding activity. We observed that USP1 independently binds to and is stimulated by fork DNA. It is therefore the first known deubiquitinase (DUB) to be directly regulated by DNA binding. A truncated form of USP1, lacking its DNA binding region, was not stimulated by DNA and failed to localize and protect the replication fork. Persistence of monoubiquitinated PCNA at the replication fork was the mechanism of fork destabilization and cell death in the absence of USP1. Loss of monoubiquitinated PCNA, resulting from RAD18 knockdown, rescued the sensitivity and replication fork instability induced by USP1 inhibition. USP1 therefore is the first DUB enzyme exhibiting DNA-mediated activation at the replication fork, and is required for fork protection in BRCA1 deficient cells. We propose small molecule inhibitors against USP1 as a therapeutic option for BRCA1 deficient cancers. Citation Format: Kah Suan Lim, Heng Li, Emma A. Roberts, Emily F. Gaudiano, Connor Clairmont, Karthikeyan Ponnienselvan, Jessica C. Liu, Kalindi Parmar, Ning Zheng, Alan D9Andrea. USP1 is required for replication fork stability in BRCA1-deficient tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 333.
Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in pediatric neuro-oncology: a single institutional experience

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been utilized as adjunctive treatment of CNS tumors and for radiation necrosis (RN) with reported success. The safety and efficacy in pediatric patients is less understood. Seven patients (ages 10–23 years, six females) were treated with HBOT (3–60 sessions) for either RN (n = 5) or tumor-associated edema (n = 2). Tumor diagnosis included low-grade glioma (n = 4, two with neurofibromatosis type 1), meningioma (n = 1), medulloblastoma (n = 1) and secondary high grade glioma (n = 1). Prior therapies included: surgery (n = 4), chemotherapy (n = 4) and radiation (N = 5: four focal, one craniospinal). Three underwent biopsy: one confirming RN, one high-grade glioma, and one low-grade glioma. Patients were assessed for clinical and radiographic changes post HBOT. Median time to clinical and radiographic presentation was 8.5 months (range 6 months–11 years) in those who had prior radiation. Clinical improvement after HBOT (median: 40 sessions) was observed in four of seven patients. Symptoms were stable in two and worsened in one patient. Radiographic improvement was seen in four patients; three had radiographic disease progression. In the subgroup treated for presumed and biopsy-confirmed RN (n = 5), four of five (80%) had clinical and radiographic improvement. There were no long-term adverse events due to HBOT. HBOT is safe and well-tolerated in pediatric and young adult patients with CNS tumors. Clinical and radiographic improvements were observed in over half of patients. Clinical trials are needed to establish safety and efficacy of HBOT as adjunct therapy in pediatric CNS tumors.
Adjuvant and Salvage Radiotherapy after Prostatectomy: ASTRO/AUA Guideline Amendment 2018-2019

Purpose:The purpose of this amendment is to incorporate newly-published literature into the original ASTRO/AUA Adjuvant and Salvage Radiotherapy after Prostatectomy Guideline and to provide an upda...
Field-evolved resistance of northern and western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations to corn hybrids expressing single and pyramided Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 Bt proteins in North Dakota.

Northern, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and western, D. virgifera virgifera LeConte, corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are major economic pests of corn, Zea mays L., in North America. Corn hybrids expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxins are commonly used by growers to manage these pests. Several cases of field-evolved resistance to insecticidal proteins expressed by Bt corn hybrids have been documented in many corn-producing areas of North America, but only for D. v. virgifera. In 2016, beetles of both species were collected from five eastern North Dakota corn fields and reared in a growth chamber. In 2017, larvae reared from those populations were subjected to single-plant bioassays to screen for potential resistance to Cry3Bb1, Cry34/35Ab1, and pyramided Cry3Bb1 + Cry34/35Ab1 Bt toxins. Our results provide the first documented report of field-evolved resistance in D. barberi to corn hybrids expressing Cry3Bb1 (Arthur problem population) and Cry34/35Ab1 (Arthur and Page problem populations, and the Ransom and Sargent populations) proteins in North America. Resistance to Cry3Bb1 was also observed in the Ransom population of D. v. virgifera. Increased larval survival on the pyramided Cry3Bb1 + Cry34/35Ab1 hybrid was observed in both species. No cross-resistance was evident between Cry3Bb1 and Cry34/35Ab1 in any of the D. barberi populations tested. Our experiments identified field-evolved resistance to Bt toxins in some North Dakota populations of D. barberi and D. v. virgifera. Thus, more effective control tools and improved resistance management strategies are needed to prolong the durability of this technology for managing these important pests.
Cellular Control of Brain Capillary Blood Flow: In Vivo Imaging Veritas

The precise modulation of regional cerebral blood flow during neural activation is important for matching local energetic demand and supply and clearing brain metabolites. Here we discuss advances facilitated by high-resolution optical in vivo imaging techniques that for the first time have provided direct visualization of capillary blood flow and its modulation by neural activity. We focus primarily on studies of microvascular flow, mural cell control of vessel diameter, and oxygen level-dependent changes in red blood cell deformability. We also suggest methodological standards for best practices when studying microvascular perfusion, partly motivated by recent controversies about the precise location within the microvascular tree where neurovascular coupling is initiated, and the role of mural cells in the control of vasomotility.
Advanced Coupling of Energy Storage and Photovoltaics

As the demand of energy has skyrocketed, there is an urgent need for development of energy self-sufficient power systems. Devices for energy generation such as solar/photovoltaic and energy storage such as supercapacitors and batteries are key technologies suitable for meeting the growing energy demand. This chapter introduces the integration of photovoltaic and electrochemical storage processes into one device to build miniaturized and energy self-sufficient power pack. The notable advances in this integration concept based on silicon, dye-sensitized, and perovskite such as photovoltaic technologies with supercapacitors and batteries such as energy storage technologies are presented and discussed along with the challenges and future directions of the technology.
The National Microbiome Data Collaborative: enabling microbiome science.

To harness the potential of microbiome science across the broad range of relevant disciplines, new approaches to data infrastructure and transdisciplinary collaboration are necessary. The National Microbiome Data Collaborative (NMDC) is a new initiative to support microbiome data exploration and discovery through a collaborative, integrative data science ecosystem. To harness the potential of microbiome science across the broad range of relevant disciplines, new approaches to data infrastructure and transdisciplinary collaboration are necessary. The National Microbiome Data Collaborative is a new initiative to support microbiome data exploration and discovery through a collaborative, integrative data science ecosystem.
Jean Boucher on Tyranny in the True History of Henry de Valois

Boucher on tyranny in the True History of Henry of Valois. A radical member of the Paris League, a scholar at the Sorbonne, and a parish priest, Boucher’s activism stemmed from an immense need to restore religious uniformity in France. The Henry of Valois in question is the deposed King Henry III. The Sorbonne voted to free the French from their fidelity to him. Boucher and his colleagues wrote long briefs addressed to the pope, to recommend that he excommunicate the king. This work contains quite shocking illustrations designed to mobilize opinions in favor of deposition or abdication. Boucher’s list of what tyrants do consists of sixty malfeasances and crimes, some so lurid and scabrous that they reveal his extreme effort to attract as many individuals as possible to his cause.
Interoperability and Health Information Exchange for Public Health

Health care data are collected and managed by multiple organizations, often residing in information systems that are disconnected from the rest of the health system. Interoperability and health information exchange (HIE) are concepts that describe methods for data to be shared among these data siloes. Public health organizations are both senders and receivers of data, and there exist multiple efforts to facilitate HIE and interoperability in health systems around the world. This chapter explores HIE and interoperability in the context of public health. The chapter describes how HIE efforts are enabling health care providers to report infectious as well as chronic disease data to public health agencies. Furthermore, the chapter examines activities such as syndromic surveillance and public health registries from an interoperability perspective. The chapter also examines the drivers and barriers to HIE from a public health context, and it explore trends likely to influence interoperability in the future.
Self-Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles at Water–Hydrocarbon Interfaces: Insights from In Operando Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Measurements and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

To achieve tunable controls on the interactions of siliceous materials in subsurface environments bearing water and hydrocarbons, it is essential to determine the influence of hydrocarbon–water int...
Leisure and alienation in Houellebecq’s fiction:

This article examines representations of leisure in Michel Houellebecq’s fiction. Theorised as a new human need that arose from the alienating nature of work in industrial society, leisure is one o...
Chromosome Numbers in Verbesina (Asteraceae, Heliantheae, Verbesininae)

We report chromosome counts for 107 samples of Verbesina collected in Ecuador, Mexico, and Venezuela. These counts represent 77 species with 47 of these belonging to species never counted before. Most samples have the hypothesized diploid number for the genus of 2n = 34; a few taxa have 2n = 36; 19 collections are polyploid. Polyploidy was found in a majority of the South American samples counted (13/23); polyploidy was not broadly distributed in samples counted for Mexican species (6/84). We report the first octoploid for a collection of Verbesina, V. pedunculosa from northcentral Mexico at n (4x) = 68. Previously published counts for Verbesina amount to 175 records representing 90 species. Together with the counts we report here, chromosome numbers are now known for 137 species of Verbesina.
MC1675, a Phase III Evaluation of De-Escalated Adjuvant Radiation Therapy (DART) vs. Standard Adjuvant Treatment for Human Papillomavirus Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose/Objective(s) We previously reported the results of a phase II clinical trial evaluating 30-36 Gy of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) for selected patients with HPV+ OPSCC. Herein we report the two-year results of a phase III trial comparing this 30-36 Gy regimen with standard of care (SOC) adjuvant RT. Materials/Methods All patients (pts) received transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and neck dissection for a margin negative resection. Pts with pT4 disease or who required >2 attempts to clear margins were excluded. Pts with intermediate risk factors received 30 Gy/1.5 Gy b.i.d. + docetaxel 15 mg/m2 days 1 and 8, while pts with extranodal extension (ENE) simultaneously received 36 Gy/1.8 Gy b.i.d. to ENE+ nodal levels. Pts were randomized (2:1) to DART or SOC (60 Gy ± weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2). Stratification was by risk group (intermediate risk vs ENE+) and smoking status ( Results Accrual was from 10/16 – 8/20 (n = 194, DART: 130, SOC: 64, ENE+: 115 (59%), Non-smokers: 139 (72%), median age 59.4 yrs (37.9-81.6), male 89%. Median follow-up as of 7/21 was 25.3 mo. 1.6% DART and 27.4% SOC pts (p 4 LN). For ENE+/pN0-1 pts, (DART vs SOC) 2 yr PFS was 89.6% vs 95.8%; LRC 95.8% vs 100.0%; DMFS 96.4% vs 95.8%. For ENE+/pN2 (DART vs SOC) PFS was 42.9% vs 100%; LRC 77.0% vs 100%; DMFS 59.4% vs 100%. Conclusion DART demonstrated less toxicity, improved swallowing function and QOL when compared to SOC. DART also had excellent LRC, PFS, and OS rates, particularly in the ENE negative cohort. Caution is advised for de-escalating ENE+ pts with pN2 disease.
More than a Seat at the Table: The Gender Politics of National Human Rights Institutions

The paper begins with an overview of the emergence of NHRIs as global human rights actors and the gendered dimension of NHRI establishment and practice. It then turns to contemporary NHRI establishment and operation and examines gendered norms and practices that impact.NHRI formation, mission, personnel and operation and, conversely how NHRIs can influence the structuring of gender in society. Finally, we conclude by suggesting a framework to guide the human rights practitioner working on gender equality and inclusion in the space created by NHRIs.
Hospital Factors Associated with Feeding Tube Placement for US Stroke Inpatients (S45.004)

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current hospital practices for feeding tube placement in US stroke inpatients. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine trends, hospital variability, and hospital-level predictors of feeding tube placement for patients admitted for ischemic stroke. DESIGN/METHODS: We examined adults admitted to acute care hospitals from 2001-2010 with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and length of stay greater than 3 days. Rates of feeding tube placement were based on hospitals within the Nationwide Inpatient Sample with at least 30 stroke admissions annually. Trends were evaluated over time using the Cochran-Armitage test. A multilevel multiple variable logistic regression model adjusting for patient characteristics (sex, age, race, household income, stroke-modified Charlson comorbidity index) using admissions from 2008-2010 was used to identify hospital-level factors independently associated with feeding tube insertion. RESULTS: In 4,226 hospitals with 421,256 stroke admissions from 2001-2010, inter-hospital variability was large, ranging from zero to 36.1% of stroke admissions. The mean feeding tube placement rate for hospitals was 8.0 per 100 stroke hospitalizations in 2001-2002 (Median=7.6; Interquartile Range [IQR]=6.0) and 8.3 in 2009-2010 (Median=7.5; IQR=6.4). Rates did not change substantially over the ten-year period (P trend = 0.54). Among 116,468 stroke admissions across 1,145 hospitals from 2008-2010, 61.7% were seen in non-teaching hospitals, 71.5% in non-profit hospitals, and 88.1% in urban areas. Hospital-level predictors included for-profit control (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.19 vs. non-profit; 95% CI 1.07-1.32), urban location (OR=1.15 vs. rural; 95% CI 1.01-1.30), high stroke volume (OR=1.28 in highest vs. lowest quintile; 95% CI=1.10-1.49), and highest rates of intubation (OR=1.84 highest vs. lowest quintile; 95% CI 1.61-2.12). Teaching status and hospice utilization were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Although feeding tube insertion rates have remained stable among ischemic stroke patients over the past decade, variability across hospitals was large. Differences across hospitals may be partly explained by external factors beyond the patient-centered decision to insert a PEG tube. Study Supported by: American Stroke Association Disclosure: Dr. George has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schneider has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holloway has received personal compensation for activities with Milliman Guideline, Inc. Dr. Holloway has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurology Today.
Multiscale texture segmentation using wavelet-domain hidden Markov models

Wavelet-domain hidden Markov tree (HMT) models are powerful tools for modeling the statistical properties of wavelet transforms. By characterizing the joint statistics of the wavelet coefficients, HMTs efficiently capture the characteristics of a large class of real-world signals and images. In this paper, we apply this multiscale statistical description to the texture segmentation problem. Using the inherent tree structure of the HMT, we classify textures at various scales and then fuse these decisions into a reliable pixel-by-pixel segmentation.
TEV scale models with two supersymmetries

The construction of models of low energy physics with two supersymmetries is discussed. All such SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) models appear to be beset by insurmountable problems. A SU(3) x SU(4) x U(1) model is constructed which gives a natural distinction between mirror fermions and ordinary fermions.
Insider Trading in Commodities Markets

In securities markets, insider trading is a crime. In commodities, insider trading is almost completely legal. This divergent treatment has long been accepted as appropriate, given perceived differences between the markets. For example, it has been thought that futures traders are sophisticated enough to neither need nor want protections from informed traders, and that the assets traded – corn, copper – do not lend themselves to insider trading anyway.This Article disagrees, showing that purported differences between these two markets do not withstand serious scrutiny, and that insider trading is harmful in the same ways in both markets and should be governed by the same restrictions. Understanding securities and commodities markets to be peer financial markets permits for the first time a serious dialogue between scholars of both fields, and this Article takes the first steps to applying theories from the securities literature to commodities markets and holding those theories up for verification or falsification against new data from commodities markets.
Novel method to calculate the response functions of the tomonaga model

Generalized Ward identities are derived and used to sum exactly all diagrams for the response functions in the Tomonaga model.
Separation of acid and neutral proteinases of brain

1. Cerebral proteinases were separated on Sephadex G-100 columns into acid and neutral fractions free from cross-contamination. Acid proteinases were more stable and were purified by additional steps with salt and pH5.0 precipitations, column chromatography on DEAE- or CM-cellulose and free-flow electrophoresis. 2. The separation made it possible to study the properties of the partially purified enzyme fractions. Some of these properties, such as K(m) with selected protein substrates, pH optima and temperature-dependence in the presence and absence of substrates, are described. 3. No requirement for metal ions or added cofactors was demonstrated. Neutral-proteinase activity was more sensitive to inhibition by heavy-metal ions; its activity could be increased by thioglycollate and glutathione, and inhibited by thiol reagents. Neutral and acid proteinases were inhibited by the chymotrypsin inhibitor chloromethyl l-2-phenyl-1-toluene-p-sulphonamidoethyl ketone. 4. In the presence of the appropriate synthetic substrates no cathepsin A activity was found, and only trace quantities of cathepsin B or C activities, which were more than 50-fold less than cathepsin D-like activity.
Planar equilibrium shapes of a liquid drop on a membrane

The equilibrium shape of a small liquid drop on a smooth rigid surface is governed by the minimization of energy with respect to the change in configuration, represented by the well-known Young's equation. In contrast, the equilibrium shape near the line separating three immiscible fluid phases is determined by force balance, represented by Neumann's Triangle. These two are limiting cases of the more general situation of a drop on a deformable, elastic substrate. Specifically, we have analyzed planar equilibrium shapes of a liquid drop on a deformable membrane. We show that to determine its equilibrium shape one must simultaneously satisfy configurational energy and mechanical force balance along with a constraint on the liquid volume. The first condition generalizes Young's equation to include changes in stored elastic energy upon changing the configuration. The second condition generalizes the force balance conditions by relating tensions to membrane stretches via their constitutive elastic behavior. The transition from Young's equation to Neumann's triangle is governed by the value of the elasto-capillary number, β = TRo/μh, where TRo is twice the surface tension of the solid-vapor interface, μ is the shear modulus of the membrane, and h is its thickness.
Bioreactors, Continuous Stirred‐Tank Reactors

Introduction Definitions Strategy for CSTR Analysis Reaction Kinetics Cell Growth Enzymes Mass Transfer Introduction Variations on the Single CSTR Single CSTR with Recycle CSTRs in Series Nomenclature Bibliography Keywords: chemostat; continuous culture; continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR)
Design of Penetrations in Hadron Shields

Some of the problems involved in calculating the neutron flux attenuation of penetrations in hadron shields are discussed. The model used to estimate the neutron source term produced by "unpredictable" beam losses is described. The Monte Carlo program ZEUS ALB.5, which incorporates the neutron albedo data of Maerker and Muckenthaler, was modified by us and used for systematic studies of labyrinth design. Factors studied included variations in the aspect ratio (height/width) of the penetrations, placement and depth of cul-de-sacs, etc. Some of the results of our calculations of dose attenuation are given as these may be useful in the design of actual penetrations with several bends. We also give some guidelines, derived from these calculations, for designing "efficient" multileg labyrinths.
How well do urban growth boundaries contain development? Results for Oregon using a difference-in-difference estimator☆

Abstract Urban containment policies, including urban growth boundaries (UGBs), are a common tool used by city planners to promote compact development. We analyze how well UGBs do in containing development using fine-scale GIS data on cities in Oregon. Earlier studies on UGBs yield mixed results, with some authors finding no effects of UGBs on housing market variables and urbanization rates and others finding significant effects. A challenge in measuring these effects is that the location of the UGB is unlikely to be an exogenous determinant of a land parcel's value for development. The panel structure of our dataset allows us to estimate the UGB's effect on the probability of development using a difference-in-difference estimator applied to a narrow band of plots along each city's UGB. This estimator controls for time-invariant unobservable variables and common temporal effects among plots, thereby mitigating the potential for biased estimates due to the endogeneity of the UGB's location. We also pursue a novel approach to controlling for time-varying factors that exploits our fine-scale data. We find that UGBs contain development in many of the Oregon cities we examine, although there are some cities in which development rates are the same inside and outside of the UGB. Our results reveal that, in most cities, the effect of the UGB is small relative to pre-existing differences in development probabilities. This suggests that it may be difficult to identify UGB effects with cross-sectional data, the approach commonly taken in previous studies.
The molecular structures of pyridine-chromiumpentacarbonyl and bis(pyridine)-chromiumtetracarbonyl

Abstract The structures of pyridinechromiumpentacarbonyl, (1), and bis(pyridine)chromiumtetracarbonyl,(2) have been determined. (1) crystallizes in the space group Pbam with a = 15.289(3) A, b = 19.276(5) A and c = 7.677(6) A. (2) crystallizes in the space group P 1 with a = 7.365(2) A, b = 8.136(2) A, c = 13.491(4) A, α = 89.49(2)°, β = 88.89(2)°, and γ = 63.09(2)°. The structures refined to R w values of 0.020 and 0.034 for (1) and (2), respectively. In both cases the pyridine rings are planar and stagger the cis CrCO bonds. A comparison of the structural results from these two compounds to piperidinechromiumpentacarbonyl and Cr(CO) 6 seems to indicate that the pyridine ligand is a weaker σ-donor and stronger π-acceptor than the saturated analog, piperidine.
Synthesis and Characterization of p-Type Pb0.5Sn0.5Te Thermoelectric Power Generation Elements by Mechanical Alloying

A mechanical alloying (MA) process to transform elemental powders into solid Pb0.5Sn0.5Te with thermoelectric functionality comparable to melt-alloyed material is described. The room-temperature doping level and mobility as well as temperature-dependent electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity are reported. Estimated values of lattice thermal conductivity (0.7 W m−1 K−1) are lower than some reports of functional melt-alloyed PbSnTe-based material, providing evidence that MA can engender the combination of properties resulting in highly functional thermoelectric material. Though doping level and Sn composition have not been optimized, this material exhibits a ZT value >0.5 at 550 K.
Nitric oxide hemoglobin in mice and rats in endotoxic shock.

Abstract Mice given ip bacterial endotoxin (LPS) at 10 mg/kg showed a statistically significant decrease in plasma glucose and an increase in hematocrit at 2 h after injection. Glucose was still decreased at 4 h, but the hematocrit had returned to control values. Nitrosylated hemoglobin (HbNO) was detected at 3, but not at 2 h. By 4 h it had increased 5-fold. When N-monomethylarginine (NMMA) at 100 mg/kg, ip was given 2 h after LPS in mice, the HbNO concentration at 4 h was significantly reduced, but the hypoglycemia was worsened because NMMA itself produced a significant hypoglycemia. Rats given iv LPS, 20 mg/kg, showed a fleeting, transient rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) lasting only a few min. Thereafter, the MAP tended to drift slowly downward over 4 h, but when the MAP at 30 min intervals was compared to the pre-LPS MAP, there were no significant differences. Plasma glucose in unanesthetized rats was significantly elevated at 1 h, back to control at 2 h, and significantly decreased at 3 h. HbNO was detected as early as 1 h after injection. By 2 h the HbNO concentrations exceeded the highest levels found in mice, and they were still increasing as late as 5 h after injection. Unanesthetized rats showed toxic signs and 3 12 rats died within 4 hours of LPS administration. These results are consistent with a model for endotoxic shock in which LPS stimulates an inducible pathway for NO synthesis.
Positioning for prevention of infant gastroesophageal reflux

A controlled, prospective comparison of the use of the infant seat versus prone, head-elevated positioning in a harness was undertaken in 15 infants with gastroesophageal reflux. pH monitoring of the distal esophagus demonstrated less reflux in the harness than in the seat (P
Crystal to amorphous transformation of NiTi induced by cold rolling

A NiTi intermetallic compound was cold rolled at room temperature by 30% and 60% thickness reductions, and microstructures were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the cold-rolled samples we observed both a phase of nanometer-sized crystals and an amorphous phase. A substantially high dislocation density, 1013 to 1014/cm2, was evident in the transition region between crystalline and amorphous phases. A simple estimate of the elastic energy arising from this dislocation density is of the same order as the crystallization energy, suggesting that dislocation accumulation is a major driving force for amorphization in cold-rolled NiTi.