cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary report on adrenal medullary grafting from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons Graft Project.

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the preliminary report on adrenal medullary grafting from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons Graft Project. This data is preliminary and subject to alteration as further data is accumulated and analyzed. It is not part of a controlled study but is the collection of clinical experience of the participants. Therefore, the data has been cautiously analyzed relative to the experience being described. The data is discussed in the chapter in various subgroups and not as a single unit or net result. It would be inappropriate to describe an overall complication rate, because the patient selection criteria, surgical procedure, and evaluation criteria vary with each center. In the chapter, rather than discussing an overall complication rate, complication rates are discussed for various types of patient characteristics and surgical procedures. The data are meant to provide a framework to evaluate the current state of the art of transplantation and provide insight into the direction for future studies.
The Impact of OSHA Enforcement on Regulatory Compliance in the U.S. Construction Industry

This study examines OSHA's ability to improve compliance with health and safety standards by means of enforcement at construction work sites. It examines the relation of enforcement activity on compliance in two segments of the industry: construction contractors in the U.S., consisting of 2060 very large-scale companies operating at a national level; and for 3900 mid-sized contractors operating primarily at a regional level. Using longitudinal samples for both segments, the paper examines how contractor compliance with safety and health standards changes as a result of OSHA enforcement pressure at the company- and site-level. Despite the relatively high level of inspection resources devoted to the sectors, we find that OSHA enforcement has only a modest impact on changing compliance with health and safety standards for both groups of contractors, with most OSHA effects concentrated on the first inspections conducted at a work site.
Rx for Pedagogical Correctness: Professional Correctness.

(1993). Rx for Pedagogical Correctness: Professional Correctness. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 77-79.
SEG/ELO material characterization using silicon bipolar transistors

In development of the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) bipolar transistor, devices were fabricated in silicon selective epitaxial growth (SEG). These devices were used to characterize electrically the quality of the SEG material. Three silicon bipolar transistors with almost identical doping profiles and geometries were simultaneously fabricated on the same wafer and their electrical characteristics compared. The three transistors were located in the substrate, a single SEG layer, and a double (interrupted growth) SEG layer. The SEG silicon was grown in a reduced pressure, RF-heated, pancake-type epitaxial reactor at 950 degrees C and 150 torr. The transistors were tested for junction ideality factors, junction reverse bias leakage currents, and forward DC current gain. Test results showed average ideality factors, leakage currents, and gains were similar for all device types, indicating the excellent device quality of the SEG material relative to the substrate. >
The Family and Schizophrenia

The last 30 years have witnessed a steady growth of interest in family influences on the individual, in the operations of family systems, and in harnessing the power of the family in creating therapeutic change. Throughout this period, but particularly in the 1950s and 1960s, schizophrenia has been a major focus of family researchers and therapists and has received more attention from eminent scholars of the family than other forms of psychopathology.
The ontogeny of the lower reproductive tract of the landsnail Helix aspersa (Gastropoda: Mollusca)

We provide a size-based ontogenetic sequence of the development and differentiation of the lower reproductive tract of the heterobranch gastropod Helix aspersa (Muller 1774). Twelve development stages distributed among nine size classes were recognized based on readily visible changes in morphology and changes in tissue density. Geometric morphometrics was used to calculate the deformation between stages as represented by thin-plate spline bending energies. The developmental stages and sequence of developmental events are also compared to previously published scenarios for the evolution of stylommatophoran and other pulmonate reproductive tracts. These comparisons suggest that heterochronies, which include both acceleration and retardation, are operating in the morphological evolution of the pulmonate lower reproductive tract. This supports previous observations that largest number of developmental changes coincides with the transition to sexual maturity, which is also seen in the exponential curve of bending energies we observed in Helix aspersa. The belated organogenesis makes the ontogeny of the complex hermaphroditic reproductive system of pulmonates readily observable in size-friendly juveniles. This observation, coupled with the ease of raising individuals in the laboratory, recommends Helix aspersa as a potential model laboratory system for investigating molluscan evolutionary development.
Reactivity of ethylene oxide in contact with basic contaminants

Abstract The reactivity of ethylene oxide (EO) with contaminants such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) was measured in this work using the automatic pressure tracking adiabatic calorimeter (APTAC). Each contaminant was investigated using three different concentration levels of around 0.10 g, 0.50 g, and 1.0 g in roughly 14 g EO. The research results show that KOH, NaOH, and NH 4 OH have significant effects on EO thermal stability. Reductions of onset temperatures were measured as the contaminant concentrations were increased. NH 4 OH caused the highest reactivity compared to the other contaminants. KOH is a contaminant that reduced the onset temperature of pure EO to near room temperature even at a low concentration. The key exotherm parameters and profiles that are critical to the design and operation of safer chemical plant processes are also provided in detail.
Theory presentation in human resource management

Abstract There are a variety of ways to develop and present conceptual material. However, this article reviews approaches that have been found to be particularly useful by many contributors to theory in Human Resource Management. It also highlights the distinction between the creation and development of ideas and the clear communication of these ideas to a targeted audience. While there is no substitute for critical and analytical thinking, it is argued that many potentially good notions fail to get the attention that they deserve as a result of weak or ineffective writing. Consequently, suggestions toward improving this aspect of theory building are offered as well.
Experimental Verification of Controllability of a Mixed Mode MR Fluid Mount

With the advent of alternative energy and hybrid vehicles come new vibration problems and challenges that require nontraditional solutions. Semi-active vibration isolation devices are preferred to address the problem due to their effectiveness and affordability. A magnetorheological (MR) fluid mount can provide effective vibration isolation for applications such as hybrid vehicles. The MR fluid can produce different levels of damping when exposed to different levels of magnetic field. The fluid can be working in three modes which are the flow mode, shear mode and squeeze mode. A mixed mode MR fluid mount was designed to operate in a combination of the flow mode and the squeeze mode. Each of the working modes and the combined working mode has been studied. The mount’s performance has been verified in simulation and experiments. Based on the simulation and experimental results, it can be seen that the mount can provide a large range of dynamic stiffness. Given this range of dynamic stiffness, a controller has been designed to achieve certain dynamic stiffness at certain frequencies. The experiments are set up to realize the hardware-in-the-loop tests. Results from the experiments show that the mixed mode MR fluid mount is able to achieve desired dynamic stiffness which is directly related to vibration transmissibility.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal breast cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women in the United States.

This study examines the relationship between fatal breast cancer and use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) among women in a large prospective study in the United States. After nine years of follow-up, 1,469 breast cancer deaths were observedin a cohort of 422,373 postmenopausal women who were cancer free at study entry and who supplied information on estrogen use. Results from Cox proportional hazards modeling, adjusted for 11 other potential risk factors, showed that ever-use of ERT was associated with a significantly decreased risk of fatal breast cancer (rate ratio [RR]=0.84,95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.75–0.94). There was a moderate trend (P=0.07) of decreasing risk with younger age at first use of ERT. This decreased risk was most pronounced in women who experienced natural menopause before the age of 40 years (RR=0.59, CI=0.40–0.87). There was no discernible trend of increasing risk with duration of use in estrogen users at baseline or former users, nor was there any trend in years since last use in former users. The relationship between ERT and breast cancer mortality differed by age at menarche and by a self-reported history of breast cysts. No increased risk of fatal breast cancer with ERT was observed with estrogen use status (baseline/former), age at first use, duration of use, or years since last use. These findings suggest that ever-use of ERT is associated with a 16 percent decreased risk of fatal breast cancer.
Stimulation of enzyme synthesis and inhibition of DNA synthesis and growth rate by cyclic AMP derivatives in cultured hepatoma cells.

Abstract The pattern of regulation of the activities of PEP carboxykinase and tyrosine transaminase by glucocorticoids, insulin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP in cultured H35 hepatoma cells has been found to be remarkably similar to that in rat liver. These results coupled with the obvious advantages of cell culture make this an attractive model system for the study of enzyme regulation. The increase in the activity of these two enzymes in rat liver and H35 cells is due to a selective increase in the rate of de novo enzyme synthesis. Hormones which induce the transaminase and carboxykinase in rat liver by stimulating cyclic AMP production are not effective in H35 cells. The adenylate cyclase in these cells appears to possess a functional catalytic component but the normal transduction of the hormonal input signal is aberrant. A variety of experimental approaches all support the conclusion that dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulates specific enzyme synthesis by facilitating the translation of pre-existing templates. The rapid increase and decay in enzyme activities after addition and removal of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and the resistance to actinomycin D of the early response of both enzymes to dibutyryl cyclic AMP were consistent with this hypothesis. Similarly, preincubation of H35 cells with dibutyryl cyclic AMP and cycloheximide followed by transfer to medium devoid of additions produced little subsequent increase in the activity of either enzymes in contrast to similar experiments with dexamethasone. The pattern of regulation of these two enzymes in two other hepatoma and one normal liver cell culture was found to vary. Thus, glucocorticoid, insulin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced the same effects in MH1C1 hepatoma cells, except that tyrosine transaminase exhibited little increase after addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. In contrast, in HTC and RLC cells only glucocorticoids produced a consistently significant effect and then only on the transaminase. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP produces a rapid, reversible and marked inhibition of the rate of growth of H35 cells. Among other compounds tested only those capable of inducing tyrosine transaminase and PEP carboxykinase had any effect on growth. This effect has been traced to an inhibition of overall DNA synthesis. Although the exact mechanism by which DNA synthesis is inhibited is not known, it was observed that deoxycytidine, uridine, deoxyuridine and low concentrations of thymidine reversed the effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. These results suggest that the activity of CDP ribonucleotide reductase might be responsible for the observed inhibition. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP also inhibited the growth rate and DNA synthesis in MH1C1 cells which could also be reversed by addition of deoxyribopyrimidines. In contrast, HTC and RLC cells proved to be resistant to the action of the cyclic nucleotide analog.
A Note on the Mechanisms of Lymph Flow Through the Terminal Lymphatics

Abstract The terminal ramifications of the lymphatic system, which absorb lymph from the interstitial spaces, are generally referred to as the terminal lymphatics ( Zweifach, 1973 ). Understanding the mechanisms of lymph movement through the terminal lymphatics is sketchy and incomplete. The purpose of the present communication is to offer an explicit explanation of these mechanisms.
Reconstitution of cyanobacterial photophosphorylation by a latent Ca+2-ATPase

Summary: Photosynthetic membranes derived from sonic extracts of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis contain a latent Ca+2-ATPase which is activated by exposure to trypsin. When sonic membranes are washed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the ATPase is removed from these membranes with an accompanying loss of photophosphorylation activity. The latent ATPase activity solubilized by washing has been partially purified, and addition of the enzyme to depleted membranes restores photophosphorylation activity to levels approaching 50% of the rates observed in unwashed membranes. These data indicate that this ATPase is the coupling factor responsible forphotosynthetic energy transduction in Spirulina platensis.
On the Ample Service Assumption of Palm's Theorem in Inventory Modeling

A key assumption of much of the continuous review inventory modeling work is that orders placed do not queue up, so that there is complete order crossing and hence order lead times are strictly independent random variables. This paper investigates the effects of this assumption which is almost never true.
Use of Hydrated Fly Ash as a Flexible Base Material

Common uses for fly ash, such as soil stabilization and cement replacement, account for less than 20 percent of the fly ash produced in the United States. Therefore, finding other bulk uses for fly ash is important. One such potential application is hydrated fly ash as a base material. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is working to produce specifications to incorporate hydrated fly ash as a flexible base material. High-calcium Class C fly ash has a self-hydrating capability in the presence of moisture. Class C fly ash produced from coal power plants using lignite and subbituminous coal is mixed with water, dumped in large pits, and left to hydrate for a period of 3 to 6 weeks. The result is a hard, homogeneous mass of hydrated fly ash that can be mined to produce a construction aggregate much like limestone. TxDOT has used this material on several test projects. It has a desirable compressive strength, but in some instances its adhesion to seal coats has been a problem. Laboratory studies in...
Some effects of corn and oak forest canopies on cold air drainage

Abstract Nocturnal cold air drainage was examined in corn and oak canopies, and over a bare field on a hillside in Storrs, Connecticut. Smoke tracers, and vertical profiles of wind and temperature showed drainage flow development and persistence to be markedly affected by surface cover. In corn, the drainage flow maximums were in the order of 1 m s −1 above the canopy and 0.4 m s −1 inside the canopy. In the leafed hardwood forest, drainage flow only developed above the canopy. Only ground drainage flows developed in the forest during the leafless phase. Cold air drainage flows within the corn and leafless oak canopies were often maintained during periods of high local windspeeds (> 5 m s −1 ) when drainage flow above the canopies and over bare ground was no longer apparent. Measured flow rates were compared to predicted rates from models developed by Fleagle, and Petkovsek and Hocevar. We found the form assumed for the frictional force in these models inadequate for use with katabatic air flows in tall roughness elements. In some cases the Cionco canopy flow model, modified for stability, simulated the within canopy flows.
Sclerosis, Convergence, and Taxes: Determinants of Growth among the US States

Three theories of economic growth are investigated using data for the US states. They are the ‘sclerosis' theory that redistributive coalitions slow growth, the ‘convergence’ theory which predicts faster growth in low-income economies, and the ‘supply-side’ theory emphasizing the disincentive effects of taxation. Simultaneous testing of these theories requires the use of a pooled cross-section time-series model which allows temporal variation in measures of income growth, sclerosis, and taxes. Each theory has some empirical support for the period 1961–84.
Plasma carnitine concentrations in cardiomyopathy patients

Abstract Carnitine is an essential cofactor for the β-oxidation of fats. Both hypertrophic and congestive cardiomyopathies have been reported in primary and secondary carnitine deficiency. Conversely in avian cardiomyopathy models abnormally elevated plasma and tissue carnitine concentrations have been described. We measured plasma carnitine concentrations in 25 cardiomyopathy patients. In 14 patients with either hypertrophic or congestive cardiomyopathy plasma carnitine concentrations were abnormally elevated. Patients with secondary cardiomyopathies tended to have normal carnitine values. One patient with systemic carnitine deficiency was diagnosed. Her cardiac function normalized with l -carnitine replacement. Six of 14 patients with high plasma carnitine concentrations died. None of the 10 with low or normal plasma carnitine have died. Plasma carnitine determination may be a useful adjunct in the diagnostic evaluation of idiopathic cardiomyopathy.
Aligning Tests with Theory: Presidential Approval as a Source of Influence in Congress

Over the past twenty years there has been a growing literature regarding the impact of the president's public approval and his success or support in Congress. Some studies have found very strong relationships while others have concluded that the relationship between presidential approval and congressional support is weak or nonexistent. Further complicating this issue is the virtual unanimity with which presidents and their aides assert the importance of the president's public standing to an administration's legislative success. There can be little doubt that the White House invests enormous amounts of time and energy in its efforts to obtain public support for the president, but it remains unclear (at least to political scientists) how this potential resource is translated into a tool of presidential leadership in Congress. In this paper I encourage scholars to take a fresh look at the question of the impact of presidential approval on presidential support in Congress. At the center of this rethinking, I...
Endogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid Can Excite Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) provides a major synaptic input to GnRH neurons. GnRH neurons maintain high intracellular chloride levels and respond to exogenous GABA with depolarization and action potential firing. We examined the role of synaptic GABA type A receptor (GABA(A)R) activation on the firing activity of GnRH neurons. Targeted extracellular recordings were used to detect firing activity of GnRH neurons in brain slices from adult female mice. Because the brain slice preparation preserves both glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal networks, the effects of GABA(A)Rs on GnRH neurons were isolated by blocking ionotropic glutamatergic receptors (iGluR). With iGluR blocked, many GnRH neurons remained spontaneously active. Consistent with an excitatory role for GABA, subsequent blockade of GABA(A)Rs suppressed the firing rate in active cells from diestrous females by approximately 40% (P < 0.05; n = 10). GABA(A)R blockade did not affect inactive cells (n = 7), indicating that GABA(A)R-mediated inhibition was not responsible for the lack of firing. In prenatally androgenized females, GnRH neurons exhibit larger, more frequent GABAergic postsynaptic currents than control females. Most cells from prenatally androgenized animals fired spontaneously, and the firing rate was suppressed approximately 80% after GABA(A)R blockade (P < 0.01; n = 8). Blocking GABA(A)R without blocking iGluRs increased the firing rate in GnRH neurons from diestrous females (P < 0.05; n = 6), perhaps attributable to hyperexcitability within the slice network. Our results indicate that GABAergic inputs help generate a portion of action potentials in GnRH neurons; this fraction depends on the level of GABA transmission and postsynaptic responsiveness. The complexities of the GnRH neuron response to GABA make this a potentially critical integration point for central regulation of fertility.
Evaluating electronic resources

The abstract for the session promised practical information about evaluating electronic resources as well as some thoughts about the evolving digital library; it certainly did not disappoint on eit...
As We May Read

The e-print arXiv ( ), initiated in August 1991, has effectively transformed the research communication infrastructure of multiple fields of physics and could play a prominent role in a unified set of global resources for physics, mathematics, and computer science. It has grown to
The growth factor and efficiency of Gaussian elimination with rook pivoting

Abstract Gaussian elimination is among the most widely used tools in scientific computing. Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting requires only O(n2) comparisons beyond the work required in Gaussian elimination with no pivoting but can, in principle, have error growth that is exponential in the matrix size n. Gaussian elimination with complete pivoting, on the other hand, cannot have exponential error growth but requires O(n3) comparisons beyond the work required by Gaussian elimination with no pivoting. Numerical experiments suggest that Gaussian elimination with rook pivoting is between partial pivoting and complete pivoting in terms of efficiency and accuracy. In this paper we prove that rook pivoting cannot have exponential error growth. We also introduce a combination of partial pivoting and rock pivoting which we call Gaussian elimination with partial rook pivoting and we prove the partial rook pivoting cannot have exponential error growth. We include numerical experiments showing that on a serial computer the run times for cook pivoting are almost always close to those of partial pivoting and the run times for partial rook pivoting appear to be the same as those of partial pivoting.
Finding a needle in a haystack of needles – a productive hunt for interferon stimulated genes with antiviral activity

Finding a needle in a haystack of needles – a productive hunt for interferon stimulated genes with antiviral activity
Following an environmental carcinogen N2-dG adduct through replication: elucidating blockage and bypass in a high-fidelity DNA polymerase

We have investigated how a benzo[a]pyrene-derived N2-dG adduct, 10S(+)-trans-anti-[BP]-N2-dG ([BP]G*), is processed in a well-characterized Pol I family model replicative DNA polymerase, Bacillus fragment (BF). Experimental results are presented that reveal relatively facile nucleotide incorporation opposite the lesion, but very inefficient further extension. Computational studies follow the possible bypass of [BP]G* through the pre-insertion, insertion and post-insertion sites as BF alternates between open and closed conformations. With dG* in the normal B-DNA anti conformation, BP seriously disturbs the polymerase structure, positioning itself either deeply in the pre-insertion site or on the crowded evolving minor groove side of the modified template, consistent with a polymerase-blocking conformation. With dG* in the less prevalent syn conformation, BP causes less distortion: it is either out of the pre-insertion site or in the major groove open pocket of the polymerase. Thus, the syn conformation can account for the observed relatively easy incorporation of nucleotides, with mutagenic purines favored, opposite the [BP]G* adduct. However, with the lesion in the BF post-insertion site, more serious distortions caused by the adduct even in the syn conformation explain the very inefficient extension observed experimentally. In vivo, a switch to a potentially error-prone bypass polymerase likely dominates translesion bypass.
The effect of hydropenia and oral water loading on renal lysozyme handling and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase excretion in man

To substantiate the effects of urine flow rate on renal lysozyme handling and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion, experiments were performed in normal human subjects. Urine flow rate was varied by overnight fluid deprivation and progressive diuresis induced by oral water loading. Lysozyme measurements were made using an improved turbidimetric method and NAG determinations using a modified fluorometric assay utilising individual recovery techniques. Fractional lysozyme clearance and lysozyme excretion demonstrated a nearly linear relationship with urine flow rate (r=0·78, r=0·80, P<0·0005), and both were elevated significantly in samples obtained during diuresis. NAG excretion, however, demonstrated a significant but weak correlation (r=0·47, P<0·005) with fractional urine flow rate. A significant (P<0·05) difference in NAG activity occurred only during the period of hydropenia, when a decrease in excretion was observed. These findings suggest that the effect of diuresis on lysozyme excretion sho...
Characterizing closely spaced, complex disulfide bond patterns in peptides and proteins by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Identifying the Cys residues involved in disulfide linkages of peptides and proteins that contain complex disulfide bond patterns is a significant analytical challenge. This is especially true when the Cys residues involved in the disulfide bonds are closely spaced in the primary sequence. Peptides and proteins that contain free Cys residues located near disulfide bonds present the additional problem of disulfide shuffling via the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. In this paper, we report a convenient method to identify complex disulfide patterns in peptides and proteins using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) in combination with partial reduction by tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). The method was validated using well-characterized peptides and proteins including endothelin, insulin, alpha-conotoxin SI and immunoglobulin G (IgG2a, mouse). Peptide or protein digests were treated with TCEP in the presence of an alkylation reagent, maleimide-biotin (M-biotin) or N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), followed by complete reduction with dithiothreitol and alkylation by iodoacetamide (IAM). Subsequently, peptides that contained alkylated Cys were analyzed by capillary LC/ESI-MS/MS to determine which Cys residues were modified with M-biotin/NEM or IAM. The presence of the alkylating reagent (M-biotin or NEM) during TCEP reduction was found to minimize the occurrence of the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction. A critical feature of the method is the stepwise reduction of the disulfide bonds and the orderly, sequential use of specific alkylating reagents.
Socioeconomic status and health: the role of sleep.

OBJECTIVE Examine the role of sleep in the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health. METHOD Self-reported measures of income and education, sleep quantity and quality, and mental and physical health were obtained in a community sample of 1139 adults. RESULTS More education was associated with higher income (p <.001), and higher income was associated with better physical health (p <.001) and psychological outcomes (p <.001). The effects of income on both mental and physical health were mediated by sleep quality (p values <.01), and sleep quantity was related to both measures of health (p values <.01) but to neither index of SES. CONCLUSION Sleep quality may play a mediating role in translating SES into mental and physical well-being, and income seems to mediate the effect of education on sleep and, in turn, health.
A Simpler Approach to Integration and the Fubini Theorem

(2005). A Simpler Approach to Integration and the Fubini Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 112, No. 1, pp. 51-60.
Angular momenta of composite Fermion excitations and the band structure of fractional quantum Hall systems

Abstract The transformation from electrons to composite Fermions turns a fractionally filled electron Landau level into an integrally filled composite Fermion (CF) Landau level. The eigenstates can be described in terms of nQE and nQE, the numbers of quasi-electron and quasihole CF excitations. In the absence of interactions between CF excitations, the energy is the sum of the energies of the individual excitations. For the CF filling ν ∗ = 1 of a system of Ne electrons, the angular momentum of a quasi-electron excitation is given by l QE = N e 2 +(n QH -n QE +1)/2 , and lQH = lQE-1. The allowed values of the total angular momentum L can be obtained by the addition of the angular momenta of the quasielectrons and quasiholes treated as distinguishable sets of Fermions.
Effect of Bone Mineral Density and Parathyroidectomy on Fracture Risk in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Background Bone mineral density is one parameter used to decide whether patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) should undergo parathyroidectomy. However, the influence of bone mineral density and parathyroidectomy on subsequent fracture risk is unclear.
The effects of reactions on elastic scattering

Abstract The behaviour of the phase shifts as a function of momentum when reaction channels are present may be reduced to the case of elastic scattering with no reactions. This is done by subtracting a quantity which may be calculated from a detailed knowledge of total reaction cross sections. Using this analysis, it is found that the essential parameters of the subtracted phase shift represent complex values of the momentum for which the compound system would be perfectly black. A two-channel model, having a number of true resonances, is solved explicitly, and the phase shifts of the uncoupled problem are compared to the results obtained in the coupled problem when the anomalies are subtracted, for appropriate values of the coupling parameter and channel threshold. The model allows estimates to be made of the possible errors introduced, in a practical situation, by an incomplete knowledge of the reaction cross sections.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration: The Slogan That Must Be Achieved for Models of Delivering Critical Care to Be Successful

There is wide acceptance of the concept that interdisciplinary collaboration is an essential building block for successful health-care teams. This belief is grounded in our understanding of how teams function to address complex care needs that change with acute illness or injury. This general agreement has been validated in studies that have reported favorable outcomes associated with successfully implementing interdisciplinary models of health-care delivery in non-critical care settings. The very short time frames over which the care needs of critically ill or injured adults change and the team approach taken by nearly all ICUs strongly suggest that interdisciplinary collaboration is also beneficial in this setting. In this commentary, we define interdisciplinary collaboration and share the story of how we successfully redesigned and transformed our system-wide, interdisciplinary collaborative model for delivering critical care in order to share the lessons we learned as the process evolved with those who are about to embark on a similar challenge. We anticipate that those health-care systems that successfully implement interdisciplinary collaboration will be ahead of the curve in providing high-quality care at as low a cost as possible. Such institutions will also potentially be better positioned for improving teaching and providing a better foundation for critical care research in their institutions.
A TRIBUTE TO JAMES W. CAREY: “Something Finer and Better”: In Honor of James W. Carey

In July of 1938, F. Scott Fitzgerald (1963/1971) wrote a letter to his adolescent daughter Scottie. He worried that she was becoming what he called an “idler,” someone whose “only contribution to t...
HCN and chromophore formation on Jupiter.

Reaction paths for the formation of HCN and chromophores on Jupiter are suggested. The reactions involve photolysis of ammonia/acetylene mixtures. Experimental data supporting these pathways are reported.
FPGA-based Smart Camera for 3D wavelet-based image segmentation

In recent years hardware implementation of the wavelet transform for image processing has gathered significant attention. The wavelet transform is a promising tool for image processing and in particular for image compression and image segmentation. In this paper the 3D wavelet transform is used to detect moving objects or object groups as regions of interest (ROI). We propose a hardware implementation of the 2D wavelet transform, including PAL/NTSC video grabbing and Ethernet interface. It requires a low density FPGA board like V2PRO, while the 3D wavelet transform needs slightly more internal memory. Careful selection of those subbands which contain important coefficients reduces the computing power and memory requirements for video segmentation and movement detection. In addition, using the ROI mask the network transfer rate can be reduced significantly. The design is called smart camera because it delivers processed images instead of original ones.
A theoretical discussion of eddy-driven mean flows

This paper gives a fairly detailed account of our recent results on the induction of mean circulation by eddy processes {whether wave-like or turbulent). The relevance of the work to climatology is through the role of oceans in climate, as well as the need to understand and parameterize eddies in the atmospheric circulation itself. In Section 1 we discuss the vorticity constraints that are likely to dominate the wind-driven mean circulation, in the absence of strong eddy effects. In Section 2 we describe the principle formulation for Eulerian-mean flow, rewriting the eddy-induction effects in the spirit of early work by Taylor {1915). Both transient and statistically steady problems, wavelike and turbulent flows, and "oceanic" and "a tmospher ic" geometry can be treated, although the details are distinctly different in each case. The key quantities that express the eddy effects are the Lagrangian diffusivity of marked fluid particles (~) and the large-scale geometry of Q, where Q is the large-scale potential vorticity field. The non-dissipative theory stems from work of Taylor, but most problems are sensitive to the nature of potential vorticity dissipation by the enstrophy cascade. These new effects are summarized. The meanflow equation is solved by integrating along characteristics. The principal restriction is that the lateral scale of the Q-field is supposed to far exceed the displacement of fluid particles, over a few eddy periods. The important role played by the eddy flux of potential vorticity, (q'u' }, is
Limited-Sample NMR Using Solenoidal Microcoils, Perfluorocarbon Plugs, and Capillary Spinning

This study demonstrates three improvements to mass-limited NMR using solenoidal microcoils as detectors: (1) sample confinement using liquid perfluorocarbon plugs to increase the observe factor, (2) design and incorporation of a capillary spinner to improve spectral line widths, and (3) facile sample changing via the use of a capillary insert. The probe is constructed to spin a fused silica capillary of 530 μm i.d., 700 μm o.d. inside a solenoidal coil wound around a 0.8 mm i.d., 1 mm o.d. glass capillary. The smaller capillary contains the sample, and capillaries with different samples can be exchanged easily. In high-resolution limited sample microcoil NMR studies published thus far, the length of the sample plug has been 7−10 times the length of the solenoid to avoid line broadening from volume magnetic susceptibility (χv) mismatches at both ends of the sample. This arrangement is not efficient since it places most of the sample volume outside of the coil observe volume. It is shown here that the obse...
Evolving U.S. service model for patients with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance use disorder

Co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder has been recognized as a common problem in the U.S. since the early 1980s (1-3). For these individuals with co-occurring disorders, research demonstrates the effectiveness of various forms of combining, blending, or integrating mental health and substance abuse treatments (4). The evolving U.S. service model for integrated dual disorders treatment emphasizes several key elements: implementation, leadership, training, engagement, assessment, counseling for all patients, ancillary treatments for those with multiple needs, secondary treatments for patients who are nonresponders, and quality assurance regarding process and outcomes.
Some experiments concerning the effects of sleep on memory.

A series of studies was conducted in an attempt to explore the effect of sleep on consolidation of memory traces. In each study, Ss were shown words shortly after each of several awakenings during the night. After the words were shown, the Ss were either permitted to return to sleep immediately (S treatment) or were kept awake for 5 min working on a psychomotor task (A treatment). Memory for the words was tested the following morning. Under the (S) treatment condition, retention was positively related to the time taken to return to sleep after the word was shown. It was possible to replicate previous findings that retention is better in the (A) than in the (S) treatment. However, this treatment effect was found only if the psychomotor task was conducted under testlike conditions and only if the Ss pronounced the words during the stimulus presentation. If the task was presented to the S as a game, or if pronunciation was delayed until after the presentation ended, merely keeping the S awake in the (A) treatment did not improve retention. The phenomena observed do not appear to be easily interpreted as an effect of sleep on memory.
D-State Effects in Transfer Reactions

For decades the deuteron has been the object of a great deal of interest, as physicists have attempted to learn more about the structure of this simple nuclear system. In spite of this, our understanding of the two-nucleon bound state is far from complete. In particular, attempts to learn about the D-state component in the deuteron wave function have not been very productive.
Rock-physics-based carbonate pore type characterization and reservoir permeability heterogeneity evaluation, Upper San Andres reservoir, Permian Basin, west Texas

Abstract In addition to mineral composition and pore fluid, pore type variations play an important role in affecting the complexity of velocity–porosity relationship and permeability heterogeneity of carbonate reservoirs. Without consideration of pore type diversity, most rock physics models applicable to clastic rocks for explaining the rock acoustic properties and reservoir parameters relationship may not work well for carbonate reservoirs. A frame flexibility factor (γ) defined in a new carbonate rock physics model can quantify the effect of pore structure changes on seismic wave velocity and permeability heterogeneity in carbonate reservoirs. Our study of an Upper San Andres carbonate reservoir, Permian Basin, shows that for core samples of given porosity, the lower the frame flexibility factor (γ), the higher the sonic wave velocity. For the studied reservoir, samples with frame flexibility factor (γ) 3.85 indicate either dominant interparticle pore space in dolopackstone or microcrack pore space in dolowackstone or dolomudstone. Using the frame flexibility factor (γ), different porosity–impedance and porosity–permeability trends can be classified with clear geologic interpretation such as pore type and rock texture variations to improve porosity and permeability prediction accuracy. New porosity–permeability relations with γ classification help delineate permeability heterogeneity in the Upper San Andres reservoir, and could be useful for other similar carbonate reservoir studies. In addition, results from analysis of amplitude variation with offset (AVO) and impedance modeling indicate that by combining rock physics model and pre-stack seismic inversion, simultaneous estimation of porosity and frame flexibility factor (γ) is quite feasible because of the strong influence of carbonate pore types on AVO especially when offset is large.
Direct visualization of the calmodulin subunit of phosphorylase kinase via electron microscopy following subunit exchange.

Abstract Calmodulin is a tightly bound, intrinsic subunit (δ) of the hexadecameric phosphorylase- b kinase holoenzyme, (αβγδ) 4 . To introduce specifically labeled calmodulin into the phosphorylase- b kinase complex for its eventual visualization by electron microscopy, we have developed a method for rapidly exchanging exogenous calmodulin for the intrinsic δ subunit. This method exploits previous findings that low concentrations of urea in the absence of Ca 2+ ions cause the specific dissociation of only the δ subunit from the holoenzyme [Paudel, H. K., and Carlson, G. M. (1990) Biochem. J. 268, 393–399]. In the current study, phosphorylase- b kinase was incubated with excess exogenous calmodulin and a threshold concentration of urea to promote exchange of its δ subunit with the exogenous calmodulin. Size exclusion HPLC was then used to remove the excess calmodulin from the holoenzyme containing exchanged δ subunits. Using metabolically labeled [ 35 S]calmodulin to allow quantification and optimization of exchange conditions, we achieved exchange of approximately 10% of all δ subunits within 1 h, with the exchanged holoenzyme retaining full catalytic activity. Calmodulins derivatized with Nanogold for visualization by scanning transmission electron microscopy were then exchanged for δ, which for the first time allowed localization of the δ subunit within the bridged, bilobal phosphorylase b kinase holoenzyme complex. The δ subunits were determined to be near the edge of the lobes, just distal to the interlobal bridges and proximal to a previously identified region of the enzyme's catalytic γ subunit.
Sorbic Acid as a Long-term Protectant in Stored Corn

Sorbic acid (2,4-hexadienoic acid) was tested as a protectant for field corn, Zea mays L., stored 15 months in 3.5-m3 (100 bu) bins in Minnesota. Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, and Cryptolestes pusillus (Schoenherr) were added after bins were filled. Populations of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), Typhea stercorea (L.), and Ahasverus advena (Waltl) developed in the bins during the study. Sorbic acid effectively controlled most storage pests for up to 1 year. Laboratory bioassays showed that sorbic acid was still effective against S. oryzae and T. confusum on corn 15 months after treatment. Bin sampling showed that insect numbers in bins treated with sorbic acid were significantly lower than in untreated bins at 9 months. Probe traps and aerial pheromone traps detected few insects in the sorbic acid bins until 15 months after treatment, when populations of P. interpunctella, T. stercorea , and A. advena increased rapidly to levels higher than those of the controls. Sorbic acid significantly reduced insect damage until 15 months after treatment. Visible mold was significantly lower in the sorbic acid-treated bins than in untreated bins at 15 months. Sorbic acid residues tended to concentrate in the bin core. Germination was unaffected by sorbic acid for the first 3 months but appeared to be slightly lower in treated bins than in controls after 15 months. Predator and parasite population patterns differed in treated versus untreated bins.
Tricuspid valve group b streptococcal endocarditis after an elective termination of pregnancy

Summary: A patient developed fever, chills, and shortness of breath after an elective first trimester dilation and curettage. Blood cultures grew Group B streptococcus, and a trans- esophageal echocardiogram revealed a 2 X 2 cm vegetation on the tricuspid valve and global left ventricular hypokinesis. A &week course of parenteral antibiotics and vasodilator ther- apy resulted in resolution of the valvular vegetation as well as of the left ventricular dysfunction. Key words: tricuspid valve, endocarditis, Group B strepto- coccus, abortion Introduction Group B streptococcus (Streptococcus ugulucfiue) is an uncommon cause of endocarditis that usually occurs in debil- itated patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, or alcoholism. We report a healthy young woman who developed Group B streptococcus endocarditis after an elective termination of pregnancy. CaseReport A 24-year-old woman presented to the emergency depart- ment with complaints of fever, chills, shortness of breath, and cough of 2 days’ duration. The patient was
Phylogenetic characteristics of muscimol-activated benzodiazepine receptor binding

Abstract To better characterize the relationship between GABA and benzodiazepine receptors, the phylogenetic properties of muscimol-activated benzodiazepine receptor binding in vertebrate brain were examined. Muscimol enhanced 3 H-diazepam binding to brain membranes of all vertebrates studied, except the hagfish, a species known to possess GABA receptors, but where neither basal, nor activated 3 H-diazepam binding were observed. In responding tissues, the magnitude of the increase varied with the relative density of benzodiazepine receptors. Furthermore, the potency of muscimol to enhance 3 H-diazepam binding appears to be substantially greater in human brain than in other species. These findings suggest that benzodiazepine and GABA receptors developed independently and that most, if not all, benzodiazepine receptors are coupled to GABA receptors with the coupling being most efficient in human brain.
The Forces Between Neutral Molecules and Metallic Surfaces

A general formula is developed for the interaction between a neutral molecule and a metal, and its relation to the image force law is exhibited, (Section III). The latter is shown to be valid only for molecules containing slowly moving charges, such as rigid permanent dipoles. A fairly accurate evaluation of the general formula involving empirical polarizabilities, $f$ values, and resonance frequencies is made in Section IV. The numerical values for a number of gases and metals are collected in Tables I and II.
Status of amorphous thin film solar cells

Abstract Recent developments in the field of amorphous silicon solar cells are presented. The physics of the drift-type p-i n photovoltaic effect is discussed and the loss mechanisms enumerated. The current status of research and development activity is reviewed in the light of design concepts aimed at achieving high efficiencies through loss minimization.