cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induced Ovulation and Changes in Pituitary Responsiveness to Continuous Infusion of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone During the Ovarian Cycle in the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Chronic (2-4 days) constant-rate infusions of mammalian gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) were performed in female bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana. The magnitude and temporal relationship of profiles of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex steroids [testosterone (T), estradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P)] during GnRH infusion were dependent on ovarian stage. However, in all females, the same biphasic increase in plasma gonadotropins was apparent and initial elevations in gonadotropins were accompanied by correlated increments in plasma T and E2. Complete pituitary "desensitization" to chronic GnRH infusion was not observed. Females in early follicular stages were relatively unresponsive to infusions of 1.0-10.0 micrograms/h GnRH; elevations in plasma LH were marginal and FSH was unchanged. Females with fully developed (preovulatory) ovaries were more responsive: infusion of 1.0 micrograms/h GnRH produced significant elevations in plasma LH by 2 h followed by even larger increases ("surges") after 12 h. This LH "surge" was preceded by a decline in plasma T and E2 and was accompanied by abrupt elevations in plasma P and by ovulation. Postovulatory females showed a more gradual and smaller increase in plasma LH. Infusion of GnRH in the female bullfrog establishes a clear relationship between pituitary responsiveness and the ovarian cycle not evident from acute GnRH injection; GnRH was most effective immediately before ovulation. These data are also the first to detail periovulatory changes in plasma gonadotropins and ovarian steroids in an amphibian.
Identification of a Novel Chromosomal Passenger Complex and Its Unique Localization during Cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei

Aurora B kinase is a key component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), which regulates chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. An ortholog of Aurora B was characterized in Trypanosoma brucei (TbAUK1), but other conserved components of the complex have not been found. Here we identified four novel TbAUK1 associated proteins by tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry. Among these four proteins, TbKIN-A and TbKIN-B are novel kinesin homologs, whereas TbCPC1 and TbCPC2 are hypothetical proteins without any sequence similarity to those known CPC components from yeasts and metazoans. RNAi-mediated silencing of each of the four genes led to loss of spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. TbKIN-A localizes to the mitotic spindle and TbKIN-B to the spindle midzone during mitosis, whereas TbCPC1, TbCPC2 and TbAUK1 display the dynamic localization pattern of a CPC. After mitosis, the CPC disappears from the central spindle and re-localizes at a dorsal mid-point of the mother cell, where the anterior tip of the daughter cell is tethered, to start cell division toward the posterior end, indicating a most unusual CPC-initiated cytokinesis in a eukaryote.
Selective Detection of Caspase-3 versus Caspase-7 Using Activity-Based Probes with Key Unnatural Amino Acids.

Caspases are required for essential biological functions, most notably apoptosis and pyroptosis, but also cytokine production, cell proliferation, and differentiation. One of the most well studied ...
Convention Site Selection Criteria Relevant to Secondary Convention Destinations

Abstract This study utilizes a Likert scale attitudinal survey to assess the convention site selection preferences of association executives. The study looks at the importance of 31 site selection criteria and how the significance of these criteria is influenced by different association and convention characteristics. These analyses reveal a number of trends that are particularly relevant to smaller convention cities. The general finding suggests that while secondary convention destinations have advantages, they are not likely to be attractive to the more lucrative national and international gatherings unless they have an airport with direct flights from most major markets. Furthermore, those organizations whose geographic scopes are narrower might also be difficult to attract because they tend to have their conventions in the same, centrally located venue year after year.
High-order nonlinear susceptibilities

A newly developed expansion technique is used on the density operator in quantum optics. It is shown how an expectation value of order n can be written in terms of the (n-2) order. From this, a simple formulation of high order nonlinear susceptibilities is presented and some examples are given.
Effects of levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone, and 17β-estradiol on vascular endothelial growth factor isomers 121 and 165 in Ishikawa cells ☆

Abstract Objective To determine the effect of 17β-E 2 , levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and norethindrone on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms 121 and 165 in Ishikawa cells in vitro. Design Prospective basic research study. Setting Basic research laboratory. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) Ishikawa cells were cultured in vitro. After 24 hours' incubation in serum-free media, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 μM concentrations of E 2 , levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and norethindrone were added for a further 24 hours of incubation. Main outcome measure(s) Isolation and identification of VEGF isoforms 121 and 165 using semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, with β-actin as an internal control. Result(s) Estradiol stimulated VEGF isoforms 121 and 165. The progestins studied increased mRNA for VEGF isoforms 121 and 165 at all doses. Medroxyprogesterone acetate resulted in the greatest increase in both VEGF 121 and 165 compared with norethindrone and levonorgestrel. Conclusion(s) Estradiol and progestins increased VEGF 121 and 165 isoform mRNA in Ishikawa cells in vitro. We hypothesize that differences in VEGF expression may be associated with the irregular bleeding during progestin use in clinical situations.
Endovascular and Interventional Procedures in Obese Patients: A Review of Procedural Technique Modifications and Radiation Management

As the prevalence of obesity in the United States continues to increase, the volume of endovascular and fluoroscopically guided procedures is also increasing. With obese patients, it often seems the only consideration is whether the table weight tolerance can accommodate the patient. This is a naive approach to performing procedures in obese patients, as there are multiple considerations involved in providing state-of-the-art endovascular and interventional care to obese patients. A growing collection of literature is beginning to surface regarding the appropriate modifications in the interventional care of these patients. This article reviews the relevant literature on this important subject.
Model for coal oxidation kinetics. 2. An effectiveness factor interpretation

Abstract Rate expressions are developed to describe the oxidation of coal in a fixed-bed reactor under conditions of significant diffusional effects. The model defines individual effectiveness factors for carbonic gas formation, oxygen deposition, and water production, to modify a chemical model derived previously. Experiments carried out on seven coals ranging in rank from lignite to bituminous to anthracite. All the coals exhibited particle size effects and the results fit the model in most cases to within ±10% both in the rate of overall oxidation and with respect to the individual reaction rates for several products. Activation energies and effectiveness factors were obtained for each coal and for each reaction. The effluent gas CO 2 CO ratio was found to be virtually constant for all five bituminous coals, being independent of reaction temperature, coal particle size, and oxygen partial pressure.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of the hyu Genes from Microbacterium liquefaciens AJ 3912, Responsible for the Conversion of 5-Substituted Hydantoins to α-Amino Acids, in Escherichia coli

A DNA fragment from Microbacterium liquefaciens AJ 3912, containing the genes responsible for the conversion of 5-substituted-hydantoins to α-amino acids, was cloned in Escherichia coli and sequenced. Seven open reading frames (hyuP, hyuA, hyuH, hyuC, ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3) were identified on the 7.5 kb fragment. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by the hyuA gene included the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the hydantoin racemase from M. liquefaciens AJ 3912. The hyuA, hyuH, and hyuC genes were heterologously expressed in E. coli; their presence corresponded with the detection of hydantoin racemase, hydantoinase, and N-carbamoyl α-amino acid amido hydrolase enzymatic activities respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of hyuP were similar to those of the allantoin (5-ureido-hydantoin) permease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that hyuP protein might function as a hydantoin transporter.
Aqueous outflow in the beagle. I. Postnatal morphologic development of the iridocorneal angle: Pectinate ligament and uveal trabecular meshwork

The present study examined the postnatal development of the pectinate ligaments and uveal trabecular meshwork of the normal canine chamber angle of the Beagle breed at one day, one through ten weeks, three, four and six months, and one and two years of age. Angle tissue was prepared and examined by standard techniques for light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Developmentally, pectinate ligaments matured by the third week although areas continued to develop through the eighth week. Each primary pectinate ligament possessed a large, posterior extracellular space at its iridal attachment. The uveal meshwork, which developed by rarefaction, was not formed at birth and did not appear adult-like until the end of the second month. Adult trabecular cells were ultrastruc-turally identical throughout the angle, having been characterized by having cilia and “special” rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Trauma, Aggression and Object Relations in a Child and Adolescent Inpatient Sample

This study explored whether children with a trauma history who externalize their anger have more negative representations and experiences of others than their non-aggressive counterparts. All of the data utilized were based on chart reviews of 63 traumatized child and adolescent inpatients from an urban children’s hospital. Two groups of children (overtly aggressive and non-overtly aggressive) were compared on their object representations. Results demonstrated that overtly aggressive, traumatized children had significantly more negative perceptions and experiences of others than non-aggressive participants. These findings suggest that traumatized boys and girls who have a history of externalized aggression might be at risk for experiencing serious interpersonal difficulties.
Evolutionary and structural relationships among the group-specific component, albumin and α-fetoprotein

The group-specific component (Gc) is a plasma protein that binds vitamin D. Recent characterization of human Gc cDNA demonstrated homology with serum albumin and alpha-fetoprotein. This study compares the sequences of the three proteins and demonstrates a strong evolutionary relationship. Albumin, alpha-fetoprotein and Gc evolved from an ancestral gene containing an intragenic triplication. Comparison of the amino acid sequences and patterns of double disulfide bonds suggests that the Gc gene may have diverged from an ancestral gene earlier in evolution than the genes encoding albumin and alpha-fetoprotein. Analysis of the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the three internal domains of Gc revealed 19-23% amino acid sequence identity and the localization of three homology blocks with 40-44% nucleotide sequence identity. The deduced amino sequence of Gc furnished data for comparing its molecular configuration based on the predicted secondary structure with those predicted for human albumin and alpha-fetoprotein. Utilization of Gc cDNA has also led to the identification of its genomic DNA and detection of a human DNA polymorphism.
Comparison of RISC and DSP processors for a transform domain implementation of the discrete wavelet transform

Abstract In this paper we analyse the efficiency of an implementation of the discrete wavelet transform using a modified transform domain approach on several classes of DSP and RISC processors. The recently emerged discrete wavelet transform is faster than a standard Fast Fourier Transform, yet it is computationally intensive since the number of computations required increases with the number of octaves. A computationally efficient transform domain implementation of the discrete wavelet transform for wavelets of length 20 or greater is described in this paper. To compare the efficiency of RISC and DSP processors for this method, we first analyse the implementation of a radix 2, radix 4, and split radix Fast Fourier Transform algorithm on some of the latest DSP and RISC processors. This is followed by an analysis of the implementation of complex multiplication on the processors under considerations. We show that both DSP and RISC processors need the same number of instruction cycles to execute a complex multiplication. Finally, we show that those RISC processors which have their instruction cycle time equal to 85% of a DSP processor's instruction cycle time, give better performance than DSP processors for implementing the wavelet transform using a longer wavelet.
Validating Optimal Response Modes of Learning Disabled Children

To determine optimal and least effective response modes of learning disabled children, the procedure described by Owen, Braggio, and Ellen (1976) and the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities were used. On the basis of pretest and posttest comparisons on selected subtests, the performance of these children could be described as individual or multiple combinations of covert-, vocal-, or visual/manual-response modes. This learning style analysis was validated by presenting a paired-associate task to the children using an administration similar to (matched condition) or different from (unmatched condition) the child's optimal response mode. More items were recalled under the matched condition than under the unmatched condition. Also, the children with multiple response modes recalled more items than the learning disabled children with single optimal response modes. These results suggest that disabled children may do poorly on academic tasks because they may not have enough optimal response modes, or are unable to select the most appropriate mode of responding as required by a task. The use of optimal response modes as an aid in the diagnosis and remediation of educational handicaps is discussed.
A pilot study to examine the effects of smoking cessation on serum markers of inflammation in women at risk for cardiovascular disease.

Background The links among smoking, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well established. Several studies have demonstrated that quitting smoking reverses the risk of coronary heart disease within 5 to 10 years. However, the immediate effects of quitting smoking on inflammatory biomarkers associated with CVD risk have not been well described. Methods In this pilot study, we examined a panel of circulating inflammatory biomarkers associated with CVD in "at-risk" women during the smoking cessation program. Forty-six women enrolled in a smoking cessation program consented to attend four study visits over 6 to 7 weeks. Health/medical information and blood were collected at each visit. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR)-I, sTNFR-II, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 were measured, and changes between baseline levels (visit 1, while smoking) and visits 2 through 4 were determined. Results Significant reductions in circulating levels of TNF, sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and sVCAM-1 were observed among participants over the course of the smoking cessation program. Serum levels of both IL-6 and CRP declined during the smoking cessation program; the changes were not statistically significant, however. Conclusions These findings suggest there are rapid consequences of smoking cessation on inflammatory biomarkers in women at risk for CVD. Additional, larger studies including diverse smokers desiring to quit are required to confirm changes in "measurable milestones" that could serve as motivating factors to assist smokers to quit.
Sexual Orientation Microaggressions: Processes and Coping Mechanisms for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals

Previous literature on microaggressions has suggested that oppressed groups including lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons are affected by overt discrimination. However, there has been little research to explore how LGB individuals cope with microaggressions (subtle forms of discrimination), or how microaggressions affect their mental health. This article uses a qualitative focus group method and directed content analysis to categorize the types of processes that exist. With a sample of 26 LGB participants, results were categorized into five domains: (a) behavioral reactions, (b) cognitive reactions, (c) emotional reactions, (d) mental health, and (e) systems and groups who enact microaggressions. Themes were classified under each domain, with examples including passive coping, resiliency and empowerment, and anger/frustration toward sexual orientation microaggressions. Recommendations for culturally competent counseling with LGB populations in school and clinical mental health settings are discussed.
Limited proteolysis of Hansenula polymorpha yeast amine oxidase: isolation of a C-terminal fragment containing both a copper and quino-cofactor

Limited proteolysis of recombinant Hansenula polymorpha yeast amino oxidase produces a 48 kDa fragment which corresponds to the C-terminal two-thirds of the protein. The fragment contains both TOPA (2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine) and copper, as well as the histidine ligands implicated in copper binding. The fragment is proposed to be the domain responsible for cofactor production in yeast amine oxidase.
Isoguanosine: isolation from an animal

Isoguanosine (oxyadenosine or crotonoside), previously known to occur in nature only in the croton bean, was isolated from an animal, the marine nudibranch mollusk Diaulula sandiegensis.
Resistance to suppression and acquisition of memory by human T cells

Abstract Human memory cells acquire resistance to several types of suppressor cells, including MLR generated suppressor cells. These data suggest one possible mechanism of that resistance, namely retention of IL-2 receptors in the resting state. Cells from a 7-day MLR were separated on a single step percoll gradient. All proliferating cells were found in the interface. Pellet cells were nondividing. Interface and pellet cells had equivalent memory function in a secondary MLR. Thus, there appear to be at least two subpopulations of memory cells, including one that is primed without undergoing division. These subpopulations are functionally distinct. Interface memory cells were 30–50% more resistant than pellet memory cells to MLR generated suppressor cells. On culture day 10, neither pellet nor interface cells displayed significant spontaneous proliferation but exogenous Interleukin 2 (IL-2) produced up to five times as much proliferation in interface cells as in pellet cells. Further, FACS analysis with an anti-TAC equivalent antibody also showed that significantly more interface cells have surface receptors for IL-2. Thus, cells that had previously divided continue to have more and/or higher affinity receptors for IL-2 even after return to the resting state. If a mechanism of suppression in the mixed lymphocyte reaction is to reduce the synthesis/release of Il-2, memory cells may acquire their relative resistance to this suppression by virtue of the increased IL-2 sensitivity of this discrete subpopulation.
Identification of the High Affinity Binding Site in Transforming Growth Factor-β Involved in Complex Formation with α2-Macroglobulin IMPLICATIONS REGARDING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN α2-MACROGLOBULIN AND GROWTH FACTORS, CYTOKINES, AND HORMONES

Abstract The biological activities of transforming growth factor-β isoforms (TGF-β1,2) are known to be modulated by α2-macroglobulin (α2M). α2M forms complexes with numerous growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, including TGF-β. Identification of the binding sites in TGF-β isoforms responsible for high affinity interaction with α2M many unravel the molecular basis of the complex formation. Here we demonstrate that among nine synthetic pentacosapeptides with overlapping amino acid sequences spanning the entire TGF-β1 molecule, the peptide (residues 41–65) containing Trp-52 exhibited the most potent activity in inhibiting the formation of complexes between 125I-TGF-β1and activated α2M (α2M*) as determined by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by plasma clearance in mice. TGF-β2 peptide containing the homologous sequence and Trp-52 was as active as the TGF-β1 peptide, whereas the corresponding TGF-β3 peptide lacking Trp-52, was inactive. The replacement of the Trp-52 with alanine abolished the inhibitory activities of these peptides. 125I-TGF-β3, which lacks Trp-52, bound to α2M* with an affinity lower than that of 125I-TGF-β1. Furthermore, unlabeled TGF-β3 and the mutant TGF-β1W52A, in which Trp-52 was replaced with alanine, were less potent than unlabeled TGF-β1 in blocking I125-TGF-β1 binding to α2M*. TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 peptides containing Trp-52 were also effective in inhibiting I125-nerve growth factor binding to α2M*. Τhese results suggest that Trp-52 is involved in high affinity binding of TGF-β to α2M*. They also imply that TGF-β and other growth factors/cytokines/hormones may form complexes with α2M* via a common mechanism involving the interactions between topologically exposed Trp and/or other hydrophobic residues and a hydrophobic region in α2M*.
Enhanced sensitivity of cerebellar Purkinje cells to iontophoretically-applied serotonin in thiamine deficiency

Abstract Electrophysiological aspects of thiamine depletion in the rat induced by dietary deficiency are described. Behavioral changes as well as qualitative and quantitative alterations in the sensitivity of cerebellar Purkinje cells to iontophoretically-applied 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were observed. Thiamine-deficient rats were characterized essentially by ataxia, piloerection, paresis, apparent weakness, and hypothermia after 4–6 weeks on a thiamine-free diet. Basal Purkinje cell firing frequency was unaffected by thiamine deficiency. The response of Purkinje cells to iontophoretically-applied 5-HT was solely inhibitory in deficient rats. In control rats, however, responses to 5-HT were excitatory, biphasic, or inhibitory. Neurons in the thiamine-deficient animals were more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of 5-HT, as demonstrated by a significant parallel shift to the left of the dose-response curve. Durations of 5-HT effects were similar in both groups. Dose-response relationships for GABA-induced inhibition of Purkinje cell firing from thiamine deficient and control rats did not differ from one another. These data demonstrate a relatively selective effect of thiamine depletion on cerebellar serotonergic neurotransmission assessed electrophysiologically. We believe there is up-regulation of 5-HT receptors on Purkinje cells caused by thiamine deficiency-induced impairment of indoleamine input to the cerebellum from raphe and related nuclei.
Talk and Real Talk: The Voices of Silence and the Voices of Power in American Family Life

All messages . . . are like phrases or segments of equations which a mathematician puts in brackets. Outside the brackets there may always be a qualifier or multiplier which will alter the whole tenor of the phrase. Moreover, these qualifiers can always be added, even years later. . . . What exists today are only messages about the past which we call memories, and these messages can always be framed and modulated from moment to moment. -Gregory Bateson "The Group Dynamics of Schizophrenia"
Performance evaluation of commonly used impaction substrates under various loading conditions

Abstract This paper presents the results from the systematic performance evaluation tests of commonly used impaction substrates including uncoated metal plate, teflon membrane filter, greased metal plate, oiled sintered porous metal, and polyurethane foam (PUF), at various loading conditions. A single stage impactor and artificially generated aerosol composed of polydisperse glass beads were used to test the substrates. Significant particle bounce was observed for both the uncoated metal plate and Teflon filter substrate for particles larger than the impactor cutpoints ( d 50 ) at very low loading conditions. Particle bounce decreased with increasing particle loading until it reaches a plateau at a loaded mass of approximately 3 mg. A shift of collection efficiency curve was also observed, including a decrease of d 50 for both the uncoated metal and the teflon filter. Despite the fact that the collection efficiency for particles larger than d 50 remained high (95%) and constant up to about 30 mg of collected mass on the greased and the oiled sintered metal, an indication for minimum particle bounce and re-entrainment, a decrease of the d 50 was also observed. However, while the changes in collection efficiency curve with increased loading and the consequent decreases of d 50 were significant for the greased and oiled sintered metal substrate, for the PUF substrate, neither substantial particle-bounce nor significant changes in collection efficiency were observed. For PUF, the collection efficiency remained high (98%) for particles larger than the d 50 for upto 30 mg of collected mass. The changes of the d 50 on PUF are considerably less than those for the flat and rigid substrates. These results comprise a comprehensive confirmation that the nature of the impaction substrate has a significant effect on the particle bounce and particle separation performance of conventional inertial impactors.
Effect of specific serotonergic lesions on cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum

Abstract Local injection of 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine into the median raphe nucleus of rats pretreated with desipramine decreases the serotonin content of the hippocampus and cortex. The turnover of acetylcholine, as measured by the rate of decline of acetylcholine content after hemicholinium-3, the rate of decline of acetylcholine content after hemicholinium-3, is not affected in the hippocampus or the striatum, but is increased in the cortex by such treatment. Local injection of 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal raphe nucleus of desipramine-treated rats decreases the serotonin content of the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum. The turnover of acetylcholine is increased in the hippocampus and cortex, but not affected in the striatum. Thus, serotonergic neurons from the median raphe nucleus appear to tonically inhibit cholinergic neurons in the cortex, and serotonergic neurons from the dorsal raphe nucleus appear to tonically inhibit cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus and cortex. These serotonergic neurons do not appear to act tonically on striatal cholinergic neurons.
Probabilistic characterization of controllability in general homogeneous circuits

Abstract A probabilistic model for the controllabilities of gates in different levels of reconvergence-free nand -gate circuits is formulated. Analytical relationships between the structural parameters (fanins) of a circuit and gate controllabilities are derived. This is achieved by characterizing the fanins of gates in a circuit using two parameters of a generalized geometric distribution. This statistical model for fanins is verified using data from well known benchmark circuits. It is shown that the behaviour of the controllabilities of gates depends on the values of the parameters of fanin distribution and the primary input controllability. Limiting values of expected controllability and rates of convergence to these limits under different conditions are presented. Further, conditions under which these results are applicable to general nand circuits (with reconvergent fanouts) are obtained. These results are extended to other homogeneous ( and, or and nor ) circuits.
Impact of sensor characteristics on source characterization for dispersion modeling

Abstract An accidental or intentional release of hazardous chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear material into the atmosphere obligates responsible agencies to model its transport and dispersion in order to mitigate the effects. This modeling requires input parameters that may not be known and must therefore be estimated from sensor measurements of the resulting concentration field. The genetic algorithm (GA) method used here has been successful at back-calculating not only these source characteristics but also the meteorological parameters necessary to predict the contaminants subsequent transport and dispersion. This study assesses the impact of sensor thresholds, i.e. the sensor minimum detection limit and saturation level, on the ability of the algorithm to back-calculate modeling variables. The sensitivity of the back-calculation to these sensor constraints is analyzed in the context of an identical twin approach, where the data is simulated using the same Gaussian Puff model that is used in the back-calculation algorithm in order to analyze sensitivity in a controlled environment. The solution is optimized by the GA and further tuned with the Nelder–Mead downhill simplex algorithm. For this back-calculation to be successful, it is important that the sensor capture the maximum concentrations.
The ‘New’ Media and Politics: What Does the Future Hold?

Banks, J. 1990. "A Model of Electoral Competition with Incomplete Information." Journal of Economic Theory 50, 309-25. Gilliam, F., S. Iyengar, A. Simon, and O. Wright. 1995. "Crime in Black and White: The Violent and Scary World of Local News." Harvard International Journal of Press and Politics. Forthcoming. Green, D., and I. Shapiro. 1994. Pathologies of Rational Choice Theory: A Critique of Applications in Political Science. New Haven: Yale University Press. Ledyard, J. 1989. "Information Aggregation in Two-Candidate Games," in Strategic Models of Politics, ed. P. Ordeshook, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
A Hierarchical Evaluation of Regional Climate Simulations

Global climate models (GCMs) are the primary tools for predicting the evolution of the climate system. Through decades of development, GCMs have demonstrated useful skill in simulating climate at continental to global scales. However, large uncertainties remain in projecting climate change at regional scales, which limit our ability to inform decisions on climate change adaptation and mitigation. To bridge this gap, different modeling approaches including nested regional climate models (RCMs), global stretch-grid models, and global high-resolution atmospheric models have been used to provide regional climate simulations (Leung et al. 2003). In previous efforts to evaluate these approaches, isolating their relative merits was not possible because factors such as dynamical frameworks, physics parameterizations, and model resolutions were not systematically constrained. With advances in high performance computing, it is now feasible to run coupled atmosphere-ocean GCMs at horizontal resolution comparable to what RCMs use today. Global models with local refinement using unstructured grids have become available for modeling regional climate (e.g., Rauscher et al. 2012; Ringler et al. 2013). While they offer opportunities to improve climate simulations, significant efforts are needed to test their veracity for regional-scale climate simulations.
Evolution of Core States from Energy Bands in the 4 d 5 s 5 p Region from Pd to Xe

X-ray photoemission studies were performed on the $4d5s5p$ elements Pd through Te using monochromatized Al ($K\ensuremath{\alpha}$) radiation. With increasing atomic number the $4d$ structure evolves from $d$ bands to spin-orbit---split atomiclike core levels. Structure was observed in the $5s5p$ bands for the first time by this method. The cohesive energy was attributed to the $5p$ bands in In through Sb. Evidence for both bonding and nonbonding $5p$ bands was obtained for Te.
A simple method for the determination of urinary pregnanediol and pregnanetriol by glass fiber paper chromatography.

ABSTRACT Benzene (pregnanediol) or chloroform (pregnanetriol) extracts of urine after enzymatic hydrolysis were chromatographed by an ascending technique on potassium- silicate impregnated glass fiber paper strips in cyclohexane: acetone. Chromatography was completed within 50–60 minutes. Steroids were eluted quantitatively with ethyl acetate by a descending elution technic, and measured spectrophotometrically in sulfuric acid. Experimental data are presented which demonstrate the accuracy, specificity, reproducibility and clinical usefulness of the method. The simplicity and rapidity of glass fiber paper chromatography make the method highly suitable for routine determinations.
A combined radiologic and endoscopic approach to removal of occluded double-mushroom biliary endoprosthesis: Technical note

A combined radiologic and endoscopic approach to the removal of an occluded double-mushroom biliary endoprosthesis was successfully performed in a patient with terminal pancreatic carcinoma. The present technique is beneficial when there is limited percutaneous and endoscopic access to the biliary system.
PENTAZOCINE AND PHENAZOCINE: A Double-Blind Comparison of Two Benzomorphan Derivatives in Postoperative Pain

SUMMARY The analgesic effeas of intramuscular injections of 30 and 45 mg pentazocine (Win 20, 228) were compared with 2 and 3 mg phenazocine (Narphen) in 128 patients with pain following abdominal surgery. Well-matched pairs of patients were allocated randomly to drugs. Pain was assessed under double-blind conditions, patients' assessments of relief were noted and vital capacity measurements were made. Both drugs were efficient for the relief of postoperative pain and did not cause nausea or vomiting. On average, 38 mg Win 20,228 was analgesically equivalent to 2.6 mg phenazocine. Changes in vital capacity gave a good indication of postoperative pain relief after both upper and lower abdominal operations. These changes were found to be significantly correlated with vital capacity before injection.
Role of relevant, irrelevant, and redundant information in simple concept transfer

The influence of a number of different instances during acquisition upon transfer of a simple affirmative concept was examined. Instances were defined by the levels of the relevant dimension and the presence or absence of an irrelevant or a relevant redundant variable. Transfer stimuli consisted of new levels of both the relevant and irrelevant variables. The presence of a relevant redundant variable enhanced acquisition, and the presence of the irrelevant variable retarded it. Transfer was enhanced with increase in the levels of the relevant dimension during acquisition. The results were interpreted as indicating that the presence of a greater number of levels of the relevant dimension results in the acquisition of a more general concept.
Xenon-enhanced computed tomography cerebral blood flow measurements in acute cerebral ischemia: Review of 56 cases

Objective: Ischemic stroke must be diagnosed promptly if patients are to be treated with thrombolytic therapy. The diagnosis of acute cerebral ischemia, however, is usually based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) scan findings. CT scans are often normal in the first few hours after stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Xenon-enhanced CT (XeCT) cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies could increase the sensitivity of stroke detection in the acute stage. Methods: CBF studies performed within 8 hours of symptom onset were evaluated in 56 patients who presented with hemispheric stroke symptoms. Mean CBF in the symptomatic vascular territory was calculated and compared with the corresponding contralateral area. CBF values below 18 mL/100g/min on 2 adjacent regions of interest were considered ischemic lesions. CT scans and angiograms were compared with the XeCt findings. Neurological condition on admission and discharge was evaluated by using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. Results: The mean NIHSS score on admission was 12±5. Early CT scans were abnormal in 28 (50%) patients. There were 9 (16%) patients who had normal XeCT scans because of spontaneous reperfusion of the ischemic area. XeCT studies showed an ischemic lesion in 47 (84%) patients. In these patients, the mean CBF in the affected vascular territory was 16±8 mL/100g/min compared with 35±13 mL/100g/min in the contralateral specular territory ( P Conclusions: CBF measurements were correlated with the CT and angiographic results and greatly assisted in the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. XeCT studies used for estimating the location and extent of cerebral ischemia may be important in the triage of patients for acute stroke therapy.
Acute hematogenous long-bone osteomyelitis

Acute hematogenous long-bone osteomyelitis characteristically occurs in children, with Staphylococcus aureus being responsible for more than 90% of cases. Most commonly, the site of infection is the rapidly growing ends of tubular bones. In this article, we review several studies concerned with the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease. Microbial factors, mechanisms of bacterial deposition, and host factors involved in pathogenesis are included. The clinical manifestations of hematogeneous osteomyelitis in normal children and in patients in special risk groups are considered. Patients who present with unusual microbial causes of osteomyelitis also are discussed. Clues to the clinical diagnosis are presented in detail, and laboratory tests and radiographic studies helpful in diagnosis and follow-up are presented. The medical treatment of hematogenous osteomyelitis is discussed, including guidelines for the use of sequential parenteral/oral therapy. Finally, a comparision of complication rates from available studies is presented, with the prognosis being generally good.
An electroanalytical approach to the determination of lipid peroxides

Abstract An electroanalytical method has been developed for the determination of lipid peroxides in physiological fluids. The technique is based on electrochemical detection for h.p.l.c. as the means for enhancing the sensitivity of the measurements. Samples containing organic peroxides including lipid peroxides can by analyzed directly using a modified polarographic detector [J.B.F. Lloyd, Anal. Chim. Acta, 154 (1983) 121], for reversed phase h.p.l.c. determinations. The limit of detection for fatty acid hydroperoxides was 2×10− M. Because the technique employs h.p.l.c. the separation and determination of the components of mixtures of peroxide-containing compounds can be readily obtained. The chromatographic and electrochemical characterization of a series of fatty acid hydroperoxides has been carried out.
Academic libraries and information technology

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the convergence of the academic library and the information technology departments regarding whether this is, as has been suggested, “an arranged marriage” or a synchronous melding of two related services, and to establish an awareness of the various models resulting from this concept.Design/methodology/approach – The approach takes the form of a literature review and commentary on this topic that has been addressed by colleagues.Findings – Findings suggest that there are several models of service that have been developed out of this concept resulting in varying levels of acceptance and success.Originality/value – The value in addressing this issue is to create an awareness of the issue of convergence of the academic library with the IT entity on a college campus.
A 0.1-to-1.5GHz 4.2mW All-Digital DLL with Dual Duty-Cycle Correction Circuit and Update Gear Circuit for DRAM in 66nm CMOS Technology

We design a DLL that has a slew-rate controlled duty-cycle-correction (DCC) with a fully digital controlled duty-cycle-error detector and has the update gear circuit to shift update mode for low power consumption. The DLL is composed of a dual loop and two types of digital DCC, at the input and output, which have a higher DCC capability when combined. We also design a clock receiver that generates a robust clock from a poor clock source.
Evaluation of complex carpal trauma: Thin-section direct longitudinal computed tomography scanning through a plaster cast

Abstract Direct longitudinal computed tomography of the wrist, with a plaster cast on the forearm, is described. In a case of complex carpal injuries, the advantages of this method are compared with those of conventional radiographic studies
The anti-fibrinolytic SERPIN, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), is targeted to and released from catecholamine storage vesicles

Recent studies suggest a crucial role for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in mediating stress-induced hypercoagulability and thrombosis. However, the mechanisms by which PAI-1 is released by stress are not well-delineated. Here, we examined catecholaminergic neurosecretory cells for expression, trafficking, and release of PAI-1. PAI-1 was prominently expressed in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells as detected by Northern blotting, Western blotting, and specific PAI-1 ELISA. Sucrose gradient fractionation studies and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated localization of PAI-1 to catecholamine storage vesicles. Secretogogue stimulation resulted in corelease of PAI-1 with catecholamines. Parallel increases in plasma PAI-1 and catecholamines were observed in response to acute sympathoadrenal activation by restraint stress in mice in vivo. Reverse fibrin zymography demonstrated free PAI-1 in cellular releasates. Detection of high molecular weight complexes by Western blotting, consistent with PAI-1 complexed with t-PA, as well as bands consistent with cleaved PAI-1, suggested that active PAI-1 was present. Modulation of PAI-1 levels by incubating PC12 cells with anti–PAI-1 IgG caused a marked decrease in nicotine-mediated catecholamine release. In summary, PAI-1 is expressed in chromaffin cells, sorted into the regulated pathway of secretion (into catecholamine storage vesicles), and coreleased, by exocytosis, with catecholamines in response to secretogogues.
Modeling of a compliant arterial stenosis and its effects on arterial pressure and flow dynamics: implications for chaos

Two models for a compliant (deformable) arterial stenosis are discussed. These models take into account the pulsatile pressure and flow of the arterial system as well as some inherent nonlinear properties of this system and the stenosis. A mathematical model which was partly simulated on a computer was developed. The other model was an in vitro (physical) model involving a Starling resistor chamber as the stenosis. Initial tests were performed on both models. The results of these tests give some proof to the presences of chaos in the vicinity of a stenosis. >
Physical Activity and Nutrition among Immigrant and Refugee Women: A Community-Based Participatory Research Approach

Background: Immigrant and refugee populations arrive to the U.S. healthier than the general population, but the longer they reside, the more they approximate the cardiovascular risk profiles of the country. Among women, these declines are partly mediated by less physical activity and lower dietary quality upon immigration. Given the complex forces that influence these behaviors, a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach is appropriate. Therefore, a socioculturally responsive physical activity and nutrition program was created with and for immigrant and refugee women in Rochester, Minnesota, through a CBPR approach. Methods: Focus groups informed program content and revealed principles for designing the sessions. A 6-week program with two, 90-minute classes per week was conducted among 45 women (Hispanic, Somali, Cambodian, and nonimmigrant African American). Average attendance was 22.5 women per class; 34 women completed the evaluation. Results: Evaluation revealed high acceptability (average overall score of 4.85 out of 5 on the Physical Activity Class Satisfaction Questionnaire). After the intervention, participants were more likely to exercise regularly (p � .001). They reported higher health-related quality of life (p � .001) and self-efficacy for diet (p ¼ .36) and exercise (p ¼ .10). Likewise, there were trends for weight loss (87 vs 83.4 kg; p ¼ .65), decreased waist circumference (99.6 vs 95.5 cm; p ¼ .35), and lower blood pressure (125/80 vs 122/76 mm/Hg; p ¼ .27). Conclusion: A CBPR approach to design and implement a socioculturally responsive fitness program was highly acceptable to immigrant and refugee women and demonstrated promising outcomes. Further testing of physical activity and nutrition interventions that arise organically from target communities are needed. Copyright 2012 by the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Future army mobile multiple-access communications

Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is accepted as the basic means of providing mobile multiple-access communications in future Army wireless networks. However direct sequence CDMA is susceptible to the near-far problem. Although in principle the solution to the near-far problem is power control, this paper shows that fading severely limits what power control can achieve. Frequency-hopping CDMA networks largely avoid the near-far problem by continually changing user carrier frequencies over appropriate hopsets. Other inherent advantages of frequency hopping desirable in the next generation of Army wireless communication networks are described.
The Argatroban and tPA Stroke Study

ABSTRACTBackground: The benefit of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in acute ischemic stroke is related to clot lysis and arterial recanalization. Argatroban is a direct thrombin inhibitor that safely augments the benefit of rtPA in animal stroke models. However, human data on this combination are limited. Design: We report an update of the Argatroban tPA Stroke Study, an ongoing prospective, open-label, dose escalation, safety, and activity study of argatroban and rtPA in patients with ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage; secondary outcome, complete recanalization at 2 h. After standard dose intravenous rtPA administration, a 100-μg/kg bolus of argatroban followed by infusion of 1 μg/kg per min for 48 h was adjusted to a target partial thromboplastin time of 1.75 times baseline. Results: Twenty patients with middle cerebral artery occlusions (including 13 men) have been enrolled, with a mean ± SD age of 61 ± 13 years. Baseline median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was 12.5 (range, 3–25). The mean ± SD time from symptom onset to argatroban bolus administration was 177 ± 56 min. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients, including 1 with parenchymal hemorrhage type 2. Asymptomatic bleeding occurred in 2 patients and there was 1 death. Recanalization was complete in 7 patients and partial in another 7, and reocclusion occurred in 4 within 2 h of rtPA bolus administration. Conclusion: The combination of low-dose argatroban and intravenous rtPA may be safe, and produce faster and more complete recanalization, but a larger cohort of patients is required to confirm this pilot study.