cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of intracranial stenoses and aneurysms with accelerated 4D flow

The aim of this study was to evaluate intracranial arterial stenoses and aneurysms with accelerated time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) phase-contrast MRI or 4D flow. The 4D flow technique was utilized to image four normal volunteers, two patients with intracranial stenoses and two patients with intracranial aneurysms. In order to reduce scan time, parallel imaging was combined with an acquisition strategy that eliminates the corners of k-space. In the two patients with intracranial stenoses, 4D flow velocity measurements showed that one patient had normal velocity profiles in agreement with a previous magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA), while the second showed increased velocities that indicated a less significant narrowing than suspected on a previous MRA, as confirmed by catheter angiography. This result may have prevented an invasive angiogram. In the two patients with 4-mm intracranial aneurysm, one had a stable helical flow pattern with a large jet, while the other had a temporally unstable flow pattern with a more focal jet possibly indicating that the second aneurysm may have a higher likelihood of rupture. Accelerated 4D flow provides time-resolved 3D velocity data in an 8- to 10-min scan. In the stenosis patients, the addition of 4D flow to a traditional MRA adds the velocity data provided from transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) possibly allowing for more accurate grading of stenoses. In the aneurysm patients, visualization of flow patterns may help to provide prognostic information about future risk of rupture.
Asymptotic Methods of Analysis using Advanced Saddle Point Techniques

The integral representation developed in Vol. 1 and reviewed in Chap. 9 of this volume provides an exact, formal solution to the problem of electromagnetic pulse propagation in homogeneous, isotropic, locally linear, temporally dispersive media either filling all of space or filling the half-space z > z 0. However, an exact, analytic evaluation of the resultant contour integral is typically not possible for a rather broad class of realistic initial pulse shapes. Consequently, a well-defined approximate evaluation of the integral representation for a given initial pulse is necessary in order to determine the behavior of the temporal phenomena of primary interest here. This includes the spatiotemporal properties of the precursor fields, the arrival of the signal, the signal velocity, and the spatiotemporal evolution of the pulse. To have complete confidence in the results, it is essential that this approxiamate evaluation procedure possess a useful, well-defined error bound.
A bit-plane architecture for optical computing with two-dimensional symbolic substitution

A novel architecture based on optical technology is presented for constructing parallel computers. The architecture exploits optics for its ultra-high speed, massive parallelism, and dense connectivity. The processing is based on a new technique called 2-D symbolic substitution which can be implemented with very fast optical components. Two-dimensional symbolic substitution algorithms are developed for arithmetic/logic operations as well as for complex scientific computations such as matrix algebra and FFT. The predicted performance of the system is compared with the performance of existing electronic array processors and is shown to be potentially superior. The bit-plane architecture is shown feasible and economical based on state-of-the-art optical and electro-optical technologies.
ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF THE TYPE-SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE DERIVED FROM GROUP A HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI

1. A substance extracted from group A hemolytic streptococcus is described, which induces active immunity in mice, and in rabbits gives rise to precipitins and to protective antibodies passively transferable to mice. 2. The active immunity in mice is principally type-specific, but some degree of non-type-specific immunity is also developed. The passively transferable protective antibodies are type-specific with only a slight suggestion of non-type specificity. In the precipitin test, the rabbit immune sera give both type-specific and non-type-specific reactions which have not been fully analyzed serologically. 3. Substances contained in the extract absorb the protective antibodies from the serum of rabbits immunized with whole hemolytic streptococci. 4. The most satisfactory method of extraction so far developed is fully described. Chemical tests on the material are consistent with the presence of protein and nucleic acid. 5. The type-specific M substance, prepared as previously described, was compared in some of its antigenic properties with the above mentioned substance. It was found capable of inducing active immunity in mice and of absorbing protective antibody from anti-bacterial immune serum in a manner qualitatively similar to that obtained with the preparations made by the newer methods.
Intact-protein-based High-resolution Three-dimensional Quantitative Analysis System for Proteome Profiling of Biological Fluids

The substantial complexity and vast dynamic range of protein abundance in biological fluids, notably serum and plasma, present a formidable challenge for comprehensive protein analysis. Integration of multiple technologies is required to achieve high-resolution and high-sensitivity proteomics analysis of biological fluids. We have implemented an orthogonal three-dimensional intact-protein analysis system (IPAS), coupled with protein tagging and immunodepletion of abundant proteins, to quantitatively profile the human plasma proteome. Following immunodepletion, plasma proteins in each of paired samples are concentrated and labeled with a different Cy dye, before mixing. Proteins are subsequently separated in three dimensions according to their charge, hydrophobicity, and molecular mass. Differences in the abundance of resolved proteins are determined based on Cy dye ratios. We have applied this strategy to profile the plasma proteome for changes that occur with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Using capillary HPLC ESI Q-TOF MS, we identified 75 proteins in the micromolar to femtomolar range that exhibited quantitative differences between the pre- and post-GVHD samples. These proteins included serum amyloid A, apolipoproteins A-I/A-IV, and complement C3 that are well-known acute-phase reactants likely reflecting the post-BMT inflammatory state. In addition, we identified some potentially interesting immunologically relevant molecules including vitamin D-binding protein, fetuin, vitronectin, proline-rich protein 3 and 4, integrin-alpha, and leukocyte antigen CD97. IPAS provides a combination of comprehensive profiling and quantitative analysis, with a substantial dynamic range, for disease-related applications.
A resource allocation model for energy management systems

Energy Management Systems monitor and control the behavior of an underlying system, allowing it to fulfill its primary purpose at the same time balancing across multiple constraints including cost optimization, system reliability, and environmental considerations. Examples of such systems include building energy management systems, where electrical and HVAC resources are optimized to deliver human comfort; microgrid management, where generators, energy storage, and renewable energy resources are balanced with loads to provide electrical service; and datacenter energy management, where electrical and cooling resources are balanced to provide a reliable computing resource. This paper analyzes these disparate energy management systems and defines a model for resource allocation that can be used for these and other energy management systems. The paper then shows how this model can be used across these domains.
Cholecystokinin and satiety: effect of hypothalamic obesity and gastric bubble insertion

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gut peptide whose proposed effect on satiety is thought to be related to gastric volume and to be signaled through vagal afferent fibers to the medial hypothalamus. To test these hypotheses we infused CCK C-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) or saline in a random double-blind fashion in three groups of subjects: 17 obese subjects, 6 of whom subsequently received a gastric bubble, and 5 obese subjects whose obesity was due to hypothalamic injury. The number of sandwich canapes eaten after saline or CCK-8 infusion was recorded during three consecutive 10-min eating periods. Each subject served as his/her own control. The prior infusion of CCK-8 significantly decreased the consumption of sandwich canapes in the first eating period in both the control obese subjects and the subjects with obesity due to hypothalamic injury. Insertion of a gastric bubble did not enhance the satiety effect of CCK-8. These studies support the hypothesis that CCK produces satiety in a time-dependent manner that is not enhanced after the insertion of a gastric bubble but is operative in obese subjects with hypothalamic injury.
Beta-adrenergic effects by autonomic agents on mitosis and hypertrophy in rat parotid.

SummaryA series of sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic agents were administered chronically to rats. At 3 and 10 days, the effects of these agents [the β-adrenergic drug, ISO; the primarily α-adrenergic drugs, epinephrine and phenylephrine, and the parasympathomimetic agents, pilocarpine (PC) and Urecholine (UR)] on parotid gland weight, and size and mitotic activity of acinar cells were examined. It was found that mitotic activity was observed only under those conditions where activity of β-adrenergic receptors could be implicated (ISO, PC, and UR), and the β-blocking agent, Inderal, was used to demonstrate this point. Increases in cell and gland size more generally accompanied β-adrenergic activity and were evident even in the absence of a distinct mitotic response; α-mediated effects, however, produced no mitotic effects but instead decreased cell and gland size. Secretory activity was not necessarily involved in any of the β-adrenergically mediated increases in gland size, acinar cell size or number.
Modeling Psychological Functioning in Refugees

BACKGROUND: Refugee trauma survivors often experience posttraumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, depression, and somatization. As a result, many suffer a disproportionate vulnerability to a variety of interpersonal, health, and social problems. OBJECTIVE: The study purpose was to develop a preliminary predictive model identifying high-risk refugee trauma survivors based on levels of trauma and psychological functioning. METHOD: A subset of 449 Somali and Oromo refugee trauma survivors was randomly selected from a larger study for secondary data analysis. Data from the PTSD Checklist–Civilian version, the Revised Hopkins Symptom Checklist, and the Sheehan Disability Inventory contributed to a psychological functioning score. A researcher-developed survey contributed to a composite trauma score. RESULTS: Predictors associated with functioning level differed by gender. Of interest, caring for children and increasing coping strategies were related to lower functioning in women. The regression rel...
Current Mortality and Its Temporal Trend of Invasive Cervical Cancer in Shanghai

[Objective]To describe characteristics of invasive cervical cancer(ICC) mortality and analyze its temporal trend.[Methods]Based on the mortality data of ICC in Shanghai Death Registration System,annual percentage change(APC) was used to analyze the temporal trend of mortality from ICC from 1974 to 2011.[Results]The ICC mortality was relatively low in Shanghai.In 2007-2011,the crude mortality of ICC was 2.48/100000 and the standardized mortality was 1.26/100000.The mortality of ICC in Shanghai urban areas was higher than that in the suburbs.Compared with the period of 1974-1978,the median age of ICC deaths between 2007 and 2011 decreased 7 years,and the mortality rate in the age group of 30-44 years was higher than its counterpart in 1974-1978.The standardized ICC mortality decreased 84.04% from 1974 to 2011.However,the results of temporal trend analysis demonstrated an increasing ICC standardized mortality from 1999.The ICC fatalities in the suburbs showed a decreasing trend before 1997 and a rising trend after 1997.A downward trend of ICC mortality before 1993 and then an upward one after 1993 were identified in the ICC fatalities of the age group of 35-44 years.[Conclusion]Although the ICC mortality is low in Shanghai,there is an obviously increasing mortality in the younger age group.From 1999,the ICC mortality in Shanghai began to rise,which was mostly contributed by the age group of 55 years or older.Mass screening is needed in future examinations,especially for young women.The standardization of diagnosis and treatment should also be strengthened to reduce cervical cancer mortality.
Field and laboratory tests for recognition of Ediacaran paleosols

Abstract Not a single paleosol had been described from rocks of Ediacaran age until 2011, but 354 Ediacaran paleosols have been described by 20 different authors since then. Some of these newly recognized paleosols have proven controversial, so this paper reviews 20 distinct tests to determine whether a particular Ediacaran bed could be a paleosol, or not. One problem has been that Ediacaran paleosols are not precisely like modern soils because they lack root traces, a diagnostic feature of Silurian and geologically younger paleosols. The principal problem for recognition of some Ediacaran paleosols is the occurrence in them of megafossils assumed to have been marine, although most of these fossils remain problematic for both biological and ecological affinities. Not all the tests discussed here are diagnostic of paleosols, some are ranked permissive or persuasive. Permissive conditions for paleosols include ripple marks, hummocky bedding, pyritic limestones, acritarchs or thalloid fossils, low strontium isotopic ratios, high δ 26 Mg ratios, and red color. Persuasive tests include loessites, tsunamites, desert playa minerals, low boron content, high δ 10 B isotopic ratios, high carbon/sulfur ratios, and very low total/reactive iron ratios. Diagnostic tests include matrix-supported lapilli or crystal tuff parent materials, ice wedges and other cryoturbation, sepic birefringence fabrics, evaporitic sand crystals, and negative geochemical strain and mass transfer, and highly correlated δ 13 C and δ 18 O. Like other geological periods, the Ediacaran is known from a variety of marine and non-marine paleoenvironments
Spinal cord injury: what is the effect on sexual response?

ABSTRACTIn this paper the sexual response cycle and neurologic pathways involved in sexual functioning are reviewed. This is used as a foundation to review the spinal cord injury literature and examine what is primarily self-reported regarding sexual function with varying types of spinal cord injury. A recommendation is made for more thorough, objective studies through which hypotheses can be tested and a foundation built for prognostication of how sexual functioning will be altered after varying types of SCI. (J Am Paraplegia Soc 1991; 14: 40–43)
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTRINSIC DEFINITION OF THE LERAY-SCHAUDER DEGREE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development of an intrinsic definition of the Leray–Schauder degree. A mapping degree is an algebraic count of the roots of equations associated with that mapping. When Leray and Schauder, in their 1934 paper, developed the degree theory for a certain class of mappings in Banach spaces, they took Brouwer's degree theory in finite-dimensional spaces for granted and obtained their Leray–Schauder degree by a limit process in the dimension. The word intrinsic refers to a definition of the Leray–Schauder degree that does not presuppose the finite-dimensional theory. Such a definition was made possible by the treatment that Nagumo gave of the degree theory even though he himself did not give an intrinsic definition. Nagumo based the theory on differentiable maps and, thus, made it part of differential topology. The chapter discusses the theory of Nagumo for the finite-dimensional case. It also reviews the problem in Banach space.
An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Rank-Ordering of Computer Interfaces:

This paper presents the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a methodology for developing ratio scales from paired comparison data. The AHP offers several advantages over traditional psychophysical ...
Domestic Violence: Intervention, Prevention, Policies, and Solutions

Domestic violence does not begin the day an adult heterosexual male decides to beat and batter an adult heterosexual female. Domestic violence is a complicated and multifaceted enigma that includes child, sibling, spousal, intimate partner, and elder abuse. Despite spending billions of dollars on domestic violence, the number of some categories of
Overview-Based Examples Selection in Mixed-Initiative Interactive Concept Learning

Interaction with large unstructured datasets is difficult because existing approaches, such as keyword search, are not always suited to describing concepts corresponding to the distinctions people want to make within datasets. One possible solution is to allow end-users to train machine learning systems to identify desired concepts, a strategy known as interactive concept learning. A fundamental challenge is to design systems that preserve end-user flexibility and control while also guiding them to provide examples that allow the machine learning system to effectively learn the desired concept. This paper presents our design and evaluation of four new overview-based approaches to guiding example selection. We situate our explorations within CueFlik, a system examining end-user interactive concept learning in Web image search. Our evaluation shows our approaches not only guide end-users to select better training examples than the best-performing previous design for this application, but also reduce the impact of not knowing when to stop training the system. We discuss challenges for end-user interactive concept learning systems and identify opportunities for future research on the effective design of such systems.
18 F-FDG PET/CT as an indicator of survival in Ewing sarcoma of bone

Objective: The existing literature of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in Ewing sarcoma investigates mixed populations of patients with both soft tissue and bone primary tumors. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) obtained with 18F-FDG PET/CT before and after induction chemotherapy can be used as an indicator of survival in patients with Ewing sarcoma originating exclusively in the skeleton. Materials and Methods: A retrospective database search from 2004-2011 identified 28 patients who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT before (SUV1, n= 28) and after (SUV2, n=23) induction chemotherapy. Mean follow up was 3.3 years and median follow up for survivors was 6.3 years (range: 2.6-9.8 years). Multivariate and univariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess for correlation of SUV1, SUV2, and the change in SUVmax with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Mean SUVmax was 10.74 before (SUV1) and after 4.11 (SUV2) induction chemotherapy. High SUV1 (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.0-1.1, P = 0.01) and SUV2 (HR =1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.4, P = 0.01) were associated with worse OS. A cut off point of 11.6 was identified for SUV1. SUV1 higher than 11.6 had significantly worse OS (HR = 5.71, 95% CI: 1.85 - 17.61, P = 0.003) and PFS (HR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.13 - 8.79, P = 0.03, P < 0.05 is significant). Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used as a prognostic indicator for survival in primary Ewing sarcoma of bone.
Balancing Safety and Innovation for Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine

FDA’s Track for Cell-Based Therapies Added to several other tracks to speed development of therapeutic agents that are safe and effective, the FDA has created a new regulatory pathway for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine.
Gamification and Exploitation

In this article, I examine some ethical issues that can occur in gamification. In partiucalr, I explore the charge that gamification is exploitative. I examine a controversial example of gamificati...
United States Department of Justice, Antitrust Division Public Roundtable Series on the Relationship between Competition and Regulation, Third Roundtable – on Anticompetitive Regulations: Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University

The Comment outlines the basic economic analysis that applies to agency consideration of whether to resolve cases by consent decree or by litigation. It describes past experience with government antitrust decrees that required modification or termination due to the passage of time or significant changes in the affected markets, as well as certain decrees whose effectiveness in serving antitrust objectives was questionable even at the time of initial entry. The Comment points out certain dangers to the consumer interest in vigorous competition that are associated with excessive agency reliance on consent decrees, and recommends institutional vigilance as a safeguard against such dangers. Finally, the Comment notes the continuing potential value of so-called conduct remedies, as distinct from structural remedies, particularly in the context of vertical acquisitions, while recognizing that structural remedies are properly accepted as the preferable mode of relief, especially in cases involving horizontal acquisitions.
Ergonomics: making the OR a comfortable place.

The objective of this video is to highlight strategies to improve operating room (OR) ergonomics, which will result in increased surgeon comfort during minimally invasive gynecologic surgery and decreased risk of musculoskeletal injury. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are prevalent among surgeons, including those who perform minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. WMSDs are repetitive strain injuries that can damage a surgeon’s muscles, nerves, and/or joints and commonly affect the neck, back, wrist, and hands. In addition to chronic pain, these injuries can lead to decreased job satisfaction and productivity. This video will discuss general ergonomic principles and demonstrate ergonomic techniques in conventional laparoscopic, vaginal, and robotic surgery. Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery can be physically taxing on the surgeon. Understanding principles and utilizing techniques of OR ergonomics can minimize these physical demands and result in a long, healthy, and pain-free surgical career.
Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Obesity

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repetitive upper airway obstruction and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Obesity is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for the management of patients with sleep apnea as there is a positive association between the increasing obesity prevalence and sleep apnea prevalence. Several mechanisms link obesity and sleep apnea pathogenesis, including the potential increase in additional mechanical load on the upper and lower respiratory systems from regional adiposity, possible effects of obesity-related inflammation on neuromuscular and neuroventilatory function of the upper airway, or a combination of these effects. By examining the relationship between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea as well as the mechanisms by which obesity may contribute to the development of sleep apnea and its related comorbidities, we can evaluate the effect of weight reduction on the management of sleep apnea.
Niko Tiribergen, comparative studies and evolution

All sciences have an ontogeny, and ethology is no exception. When I joined the Animal Behaviour Group in 1963, Niko Tinbergen was talking about ‘a science as young as ours’ (Tinbergen, 1963). At that time I think it is fair to say that British ethology was in its adolescent phase. It had certainly passed youth, which, like senescence, is characterized by innocence. We were then full of adolescent passion and idealism, but perhaps lacking some degree of judgement and adult cynicism. We believed in an attainable state of revelation about the mysteries of behaviour, and that somehow we were standard-bearers. Much of the language of those days centred on the function and evolution of behaviour and in fact, Niko’s Aims and Methods in Ethology’ was a kind of state of the Union document that assessed progress, problems, and in some ways redefined the mission of Oxford ethology. It contained a reiteration of the definition of ethology as the biological study of behaviour and, importantly for my present purpose, put evolutionary studies as one of its four key components. If we were truly evolutionary ethologists at that time, then the comparative method was one of the main devices in our armoury. I shall herein attempt a somewhat idiosyncratic review to show why I think comparative studies are extraordinarily important.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and fungoses.

SUMMARY αβρα is more common than was once suspected, while it remains likely that ABPF is rare. The spectrum of αβρα ranges from mild asthma to end-stage fibrotic lung disease. The episodes of chest roentgenographic infiltrates may be associated with little symptomatology and their detection is made by serial measurement of total serum IgE. A useful serodiagnostic aid for identification of early cases of αβρα is the demonstration of elevated IgE and IgG antibodies to Af compared with patients with asthma who do not have αβρα. Such assays are helpful in childhood cases of αβρα and in cystic fibrosis where no other test is as sensitive and specific. Prednisone remains the treatment of choice and, in many cases, its use can be intermittent.
A Brownian Model of Financial Markets

Throughout this monograph we deal with a financial market consisting of N + 1 financial assets. One of these assets is instantaneously risk-free, and will be called a money market. Assets 1 through N are risky, and will be called stocks (although in applications of this model they are often commodities or currencies, rather than common stocks). These financial assets have continuous prices evolving continuously in time and driven by a D-dimensional Brownian motion. The continuity of the time parameter and the accompanying capacity for continuous trading permit an elegance of formulation and analysis not unlike that obtained when passing from difference to differential equations. If asset prices do not vary continuously, at least they vary frequently, and the model we propose to study has proved its usefulness as an approximation to reality. Our assumption that asset prices have no jumps is a significant one. It is tantamount to the assertion that there are no "surprises" in the market: the price of a stock at time t can be perfectly predicted from knowledge of its price at times strictly prior to t. We adopt this assumption in order to simplify the mathematics; the additional assumption that asset prices are driven by a Brownian motion is little more than a convenient way of phrasing this condition. Some literature on continuous-time markets with discontinuous asset prices is cited in the notes at the end of this chapter. The extent to which the results of this monograph can be extended to such models has not yet been fully explored.
INDUKSI MUTASI DAN SELEKSI IN VITRO MENGGUNAKAN ASAM FUSARAT UNTUK KETAHANAN PENYAKIT LAYU PADAPISANG AMBON HIJAU

Due to its high vitamin and nutrition content, banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) is deemed necessary as the mineral resources. The demand on the disease free seedlings are recently increasing. However, facing the problems of Fusarium attack in the production centers, health seedlings in the sufficient number are difficult to be provided. Hence, to solve the problems, mutative induction and in vitro selection to the shoot tip explants has been carried out in banana cv "Ambon Hijau", This research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development. On level of 500; 750; 1000; and 1500 rad, Gamma ray radiation have been applied, continued by in vitro selection by using 0, 30 and 45 mg/1 fusaric acid. The selected explant about 0,5 cm were treated for 2 x 4 week selection period. The result showed that the best medium for regeneration was MS basal medium contains 3 mg/1 BA. The irradiation could increase somaclonal variation as well as created some new somaclones that resistant to fusaric acid. However irradiation and in vitro selection caused inhibition of culture growth. The more dosage of irradiation and concentration of fusaric acid decreased regeneration rate of explant. Inoculation by using conidia (5 g/kg soil) provided 18 putative mutant and higher concentration of conidia (lOg/lOkg soil) produced 37 mutant that resistant to Fusarium.
Plasmonic Core–Shell Zirconium Nitride–Silicon Oxynitride Nanoparticles

We discuss the synthesis and properties of plasmonic zirconium nitride nanocrystals produced using a nonthermal plasma reactor. The process enables the continuous conversion of chemical precursors ...
Model-Based Analysis of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a widely-used therapy for chronic pain management. Computational models provide a valuable tool to study the effects of SCS on the nervous system. However, it is critical that these models include sufficient detail to correlate model predictions with clinical effects, including patient-specific data. Therefore, in this study, we developed a patient-specific computer model for a patient undergoing SCS to treat neuropathic pain. The patient-specific model predicted sensory threshold estimates that were consistent with the corresponding clinical measurements. These results demonstrate the potential for patient-specific computer models to quantitatively describe the axonal response to SCS and to address scientific questions related to clinical SCS.
A Time-Domain Computing Accelerated Image Recognition Processor With Efficient Time Encoding and Non-Linear Logic Operation

Time-domain computing (TC) has drawn significant attention recently due to its highly efficient computation for applications such as image processing and neural network computing. This paper presents novel time-domain circuit techniques, including: 1) double-encoding strategy; 2) bit-scalable design that accelerates the performance compared with previous linear coding; and 3) shared time generator (TG) with variation-aware design technique which significantly improves the error tolerance of TC. A feature-extraction and vector-quantization processor accelerated by TC has been developed for real-time image recognition. A 55-nm prototype chip shows 72-fps/core (at 1.33 GHz) operation with up to 42% area and power saving from TC compared to the conventional digital implementation.
What can transcriptomics reveal about the phylogenetic/structural conservation, tissue localization, and possible functions of CNMamide peptides in decapod crustaceans?

Abstract Over the past several years, in silico analyses of arthropod genomes/transcriptomes have led to the identification of several previously unknown peptide families. The CNMamides are one such peptide group, having been discovered via computational analyses of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, genome; both a CNMamide precursor and receptor were identified. Recently, a CNMamide family member, VMCHFKICNLamide (disulfide bridging between the cysteine residues), was predicted via in silico mining of a crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, transcriptome, suggesting the presence of this peptide group in members of the Decapoda. Here, using publically accessible transcriptomic data, the phylogenetic/structural conservation, tissue localization, and possible functions of the CNMamide family in decapods were explored. Evidence for CNMamide precursors was found for members of each decapod infraorder for which significant sequence data are available, suggesting a ubiquitous conservation of the CNMamide family in the Decapoda. For the Penaeoidea, Caridea, Astacidea and Achelata, the isoform of CNMamide originally identified from P. clarkii appears to be ubiquitously conserved; in members of the Brachyura, VMCHFKICNMamide (disulfide bridging between the cysteine residues) is the native isoform. Interestingly, the decapod CNMamide gene appears to also have a splice variant in which the carboxy-terminal portion of the preprohormone containing the CNMamide peptide is replaced by one containing a different disulfide bridged peptide that is structurally unrelated to it; this second peptide shows considerable conservation within, but variation among, decapod infraorders. A highly conserved putative CNMamide receptor was identified from members of the Penaeoidea, Astacidea and Brachyura. Phylogenetic analyses support the annotation of the decapod receptor as a true member of the CNMamide receptor family. The presence of precursor and receptor transcripts in both nervous system- and reproductive tissue-specific transcriptomes suggests CNMamides serve as modulators of decapod neural and reproductive control systems.
Situating learning in the context of sustainability: Indigenous learning, formal schooling and beyond

This paper focuses on learning by a group of Bedouin women in a community in eastern Egypt. It discusses the dynamic nature of indigenous learning, and the adaptability of its patterns and content....
Metabolic Syndrome Exponentially Increases the Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Operative Diverticulitis.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as the cluster: hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Operative diverticulitis in the setting of MS can be challenging to manage. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of MS on outcomes in operative acute diverticulitis patients. Methods We analyzed the (2012-2015) NSQIP database. We identified acute diverticulitis patients who underwent surgery. MS was defined as follows: body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2, hypertension, and diabetes. Our primary outcome measure was the occurrence of any adverse events (complications, 30-d readmission, and mortality). Secondary outcome measures were complications, hospital length of stay, 30-d readmission, and mortality. Regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed. Results A total of 4572 patients were identified. Mean BMI was 29 ± 10 kg/m2. 14.6% (275) of obese patients had metabolic syndrome. Adverse events were higher in patients with MS (odds ratio [OR], 8.1; P 48 h ventilator dependence (OR 3.5; P = 0.01), myocardial infarction (OR 2.3; P = 0.03), and superficial or deep surgical-site infections (OR 2.1; P = 0.01) compared with patients with no MS. MS patients had a longer length of stay (β = 1.23; P = 0.02), higher 30-d readmissions (OR 1.7; P Conclusions Adverse events in patients with MS after surgery for diverticulitis are higher than obesity, hypertension, or diabetes alone. Patients with MS have longer recovery, and higher rates of complications, readmissions, and mortality. Level of Evidence Level III Prognostic.
SOREC: A Semantic Content-Based Recommendation System for Parsimonious Sociology Theory Construction

Theory construction is the process of formulating scientific theories with reference to explicit logical and semantic criteria. Definitions and associated terms are essential components of the theory, in which parsimony is a crucial criterion for theory evaluation. The present work offers a novel semantic content-based recommendation system with supervised machine learning model for theoretical parsimony evaluation by checking the semantic consistency of definitions while constructing theories. Specifically, we evaluate the XGBoost tree-based classifier with the combination of 15 low-level features and 11 high-level features on our dataset. A sociologist annotated in-house dataset consisting of 2,235 definition pairs drawn from the sociological literature is used for evaluating the proposed methods. The experiment results showed that the proposed system achieves 86.16% accuracy, 84.42% F-measure and 86% precision in suggesting semantically related sociological definitions.
Toxicity Evaluation of Highway Stormwater Runoff

This paper is prepared to present the results of two major toxicity investigations of highway runoff in the state of California and verify or reject the hypothesis of whether highway runoff is toxic. Two major toxicity studies were: (1) statewide highway runoff toxicity evaluation and (2) hydrographic (first flush) toxicity evaluation of runoff from highly urbanized highways. Extensive grab and composite runoff samples were collected from numerous highway sites throughout the state of California for multiple storm events and multiple years. Wide ranges of toxicity testing, including the three U.S.EPA standard species, marine species, green algae growth and Microtox™ were performed on grab and composite samples. The results obtainedrevealed that the highway runoff is generally toxic, and the toxicity is mostly associated with heavy metals and organic compounds such as herbicides, pesticides, and surfactants. While outside of the scope of this study, an independent performance evaluation of stormwater treatment showed that toxicity removal after best management treatments (BMPs) is possible even though some influent samples entering the BMP were toxic.
Evidence from Amphioxus for acquisition of alternative mRNA splicing of NCoR corepressor after its duplication and divergence during vertebrate evolution.

NCoR-1 and NCoR-2 are transcriptional corepressors encoded in vertebrates by two interrelated loci and play distinct, though overlapping, roles in development, differentiation, and homeostasis. In contrast NCoR is encoded by a single locus in cephalochordates, urochordates, hemichordates, and echinoderms, with vertebrate NCoR-1 and NCoR-2 thought to be the products of a gene duplication originating near the beginning of vertebrate evolution. The structures, molecular properties, and functions of extant NCoR-1 and NCoR-2 are each substantially further diversified by alternative mRNA splicing; however it is unresolved as to whether the alternative-splicing observed in current day vertebrates reflects patterns present in the ancestral common gene or instead arose after the NCoR duplication event. This manuscript reports that Amphioxus, a cephalochordate considered representative of the organisms that gave rise to the vertebrate lineage, lacks the alternative NCoR splicing events characteristic of vertebrates. This, together with prior taxonomic comparisons, suggests that the patterns of corepressor splicing found in existing vertebrates arose exclusively after the NCoR duplication event. Further, given that alternative-splicing of NCoR-1 and NCoR-2 appears to have arisen by a mix of convergent and divergent evolution, it is likely that both common and distinct selective pressures were operative on these corepressor paralogs after their divergence.
Staging Public Blackness in Mid-Twentieth-Century Peru: The Repertoires of Pancho Fierro and Cumanana

In 1951, Victoria (1922–2014) and Nicomedes Santa Cruz (1925–92) attended a performance at Lima's Teatro Municipal (Municipal Theatre) by the Katherine Dunham Dance Company. Dunham (1909–2006), an African American choreographer and anthropologist, pioneered a “research-to-performance” method to study African-derived dances in the Caribbean and stage them in stylized choreographies. Elite Lima patrons walked out of the theatre during the danced African fertility rite in Dunham's “Rites de Passage,” but the performance left a lasting impression on the Santa Cruzes. Nicomedes Santa Cruz later described the event as the first positive staged demonstration of blackness in Peru—and Victoria Santa Cruz stated that, when they saw Katherine Dunham's production, they knew they had to do something similar. The Santa Cruzes went on to lead a revival of Afro-Peruvian arts in the 1960s and 1970s.
Statistical methodological review for time-series data

Numerous literatures on statistical methods for Time-Series (TS) data have been published. In this paper, a literature of the TS data analysis methods is reviewed. We organize the review based on t...
HI I CARE: A mnemonic device to frame safe patient encounters and support simulation experiences for novice nursing students

Abstract Background Remembering the many safety behaviors and patient care activities expected during a patient encounter can be difficult for novice nursing students. The HI I CARE mnemonic device was created to assist novice nursing students to remember and organize key safety behaviors and patient care activities. Subsequently, the mnemonic device was drafted into a checklist to be used as a performance support tool for students’ first simulation experience. Methods A survey was designed and administered to beginning nursing students to explore their perception if the HI I CARE mnemonic device helped to (1) reduce anxiety prior to simulation experiences; (2) plan, organize, and deliver care; and (3) integrate classroom learning into the simulated patient encounter. Results Overwhelmingly, participants agreed or strongly agreed that the HI I CARE mnemonic helped to achieve these goals. Conclusion The HI I CARE mnemonic device and correlating checklists are effective performance support tools that can be used to help novice nursing students to recall key safety behaviors and organize patient care activities in the nursing skills laboratory and the simulation setting. This mnemonic device, as a performance support tool, offers associate degree nursing students the opportunity to develop optimal habits that exemplify the safe patient encounter.
Dirac-Harper Theory for One-Dimensional Moiré Superlattices

We study a Dirac-Harper model for moir\'e bilayer superlattices where layer antisymmetric strain periodically modulates the interlayer coupling between two honeycomb lattices in one spatial dimension. Discrete and continuum formulations of this model are analyzed. For a sufficiently long moir\'e period we find low-energy spectra that host a manifold of weakly dispersive bands arising from a hierarchy of momentum and position-dependent mass inversions. We analyze their charge distributions, mode count, and valley coherence using exact symmetries of the lattice model and approximate symmetries of a four-flavor version of the Jackiw-Rebbi one-dimensional solution.
Lessons learned from COVID-19: Being known in online social work classrooms

This article presents findings from a survey of undergraduate social work (Bachelor of Social Work [BSW]) students about their experiences with remote learning during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. In...
Photoinduced charge transfer in Zn(II) and Au(III)-ligated symmetric and asymmetric bacteriochlorin dyads: A computational study.

The excited-state properties and photoinduced charge-transfer (CT) kinetics in a series of symmetrical and asymmetrical Zn- and Au-ligated meso–meso-connected bacteriochlorin (BChl) complexes are studied computationally. BChl derivatives, which are excellent near-IR absorbing chromophores, are found to play a central role in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers but are rarely used in artificial solar energy harvesting systems. The optical properties of chemically linked BChl complexes can be tuned by varying the linking group and involving different ligated metal ions. We investigate charge transfer in BChl dyads that are either directly linked or through a phenylene ring (1,4-phenylene) and which are ligating Zn or Au ions. The directly linked dyads with a nearly perpendicular arrangement of the BChl units bear markedly different properties than phenylene linked dyads. In addition, we find that the dielectric dependence of the intramolecular CT rate is very strong in neutral Zn-ligated dyads, whereas cationic Au-ligated dyads show negligible dielectric dependence of the CT rate. Rate constants of the photo induced CT process are calculated at the semiclassical Marcus level and are compared to fully quantum mechanical Fermi’s golden rule based values. The rates are calculated using a screened range separated hybrid functional that offers a consistent framework for addressing environment polarization. We study solvated systems in two solvents of a low and a high scalar dielectric constant.
Central auditory system responses from children while listening to speech in noise.

Abstract Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) have been successfully used to explore the effects of noise on speech processing at the cortical level in adults and children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether +15 dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), often recommended for optimal speech perception in children, elicit higher amplitude CAEPs than more realistic SNRs encountered by children during their daily lives (+10 dB SNR). Moreover, we aimed to investigate whether cortical speech categorization is observable in children in quiet and in noise and whether CAEPs to speech in noise are related to behavioral speech perception in noise performance in children. CAEPs were measured during a passive speech-syllable task in 51 normal hearing children aged 8 to 11 years. The speech syllables /da/ and /ga/ were presented in quiet and in the presence of a 4-talker-babble noise at +15 dB and +10 dB SNR. N1 latencies and P2 amplitudes and latencies varied as a function of SNR, with poorer SNRs (+10 dB) eliciting significantly smaller P2 amplitudes and delayed N1 and P2 latencies relative to the higher SNR (+15 dB). Finally, speech categorization was present at the cortical level in this group of children in quiet and at both SNRs; however, N1 and P2 amplitudes and latencies were not related to behavioral speech-in-noise perception of children.
Self-Questioning Strategy Routine to Enhance Reading Comprehension Among Secondary Students:

Reading comprehension expectations in content areas have increased for students during the past decade. Many secondary students, including students with learning disabilities, improve their reading...
Dynamic Revenue Sharing

Many online platforms act as intermediaries between a seller and a set of buyers. Examples of such settings include online retailers (such as Ebay) selling items on behalf of sellers to buyers, or advertising exchanges (such as AdX) selling pageviews on behalf of publishers to advertisers. In such settings, revenue sharing is a central part of running such a marketplace for the intermediary, and fixed-percentage revenue sharing schemes are often used to split the revenue among the platform and the sellers. In particular, such revenue sharing schemes require the platform to (i) take at most a constant fraction α of the revenue from auctions and (ii) pay the seller at least the seller declared opportunity cost c for each item sold. A straightforward way to satisfy the constraints is to set a reserve price at c/(1 − α) for each item, but it is not the optimal solution on maximizing the profit of the intermediary. While previous studies (by Mirrokni and Gomes, and by Niazadeh et al) focused on revenue sharing schemes in static double auctions, in this paper, we take advantage of the repeated nature of the auctions. In particular, we introduce dynamic revenue sharing schemes where we balance the two constraints over different auctions to achieve higher profit and seller revenue. This is directly motivated by the practice of advertising exchanges where the fixed-percentage revenue-share should be met across all auctions and not in each auction. In this paper, we characterize the optimal revenue sharing scheme that satisfies both constraints in expectation. Finally, we empirically evaluate our revenue sharing scheme on real data.
“So, it’s like you’re swimming against the tide”: Didactic avowals and parenting as intersectional Muslim women in the United States

Muslim parents in the United States negotiate their intersecting identities and roles as parents amidst increasing (white) nationalism and anti-Muslim racism. In this qualitative study, we draw on ...