cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equipment review: Companion therapy laser CTL-6 and CTL-10

Therapeutic lasers can provide useful adjunctive pain relief and enhance healing. Their use in veterinary practice has been limited, and results may have been disappointing due to insufficient power in the units used, and inappropriate therapeutic regimes. This article reviews the Companion Therapy Laser CTL-10 in practice.
Parka: Thermally Insulated Nanophotonic Interconnects

Silicon-photonics are emerging as the prime candidate technology for energy-efficient on-chip interconnects at future process nodes. However, current designs are primarily based on microrings, which are highly sensitive to temperature. As a result, current silicon-photonic interconnect designs expend a significant amount of energy heating the microrings to a designated narrow temperature range, only to have the majority of the thermal energy waste away and dissipate through the heat sink, and in the process of doing so heat up the logic layer, causing significant performance degradation to the cores and inducing thermal emergencies. We propose Parka, a nanophotonic interconnect that encases the photonic die in a thermal insulator that keeps its temperature stable with low energy expenditure, while minimizing the spatial and temporal thermal coupling between logic and silicon-photonic components. Parka reduces the microring energy by 3.8--5.4x and achieves 11--23% speedup on average (34% max) depending on the cooling solution used.
Cow Sensitivity to Electricity During Milking

Alternating currents were delivered to lactating cattle through the milk during milking. Electrodes were placed at the top of each short milk tube and jointed for one electrical contact. A metal grid on which the cows' rear hooves stood during milking was the second contact. Constant voltages (0 to 16 V) applied to contacts showed first lactation cows to be more sensitive than multiple lactation cows. First lactation cows kicked milking machines at 8 V (currents greater than 5 mA), and multiple lactation cows kicked at 16 V (currents greater than 8 mA). At lower voltages, there were no consistent significant differences in milking duration, milk yield, or composition for primary or residual milk. Application of constant currents of 5 mA for first lactation cows and 8 mA for multiple lactation cows produced no undesired behaviors but did result in some differences in production variables. Milking duration decreased during application of constant current to first lactation cows. Blood cortisol monitored in the multiple lactation cows during trial 2 showed a significant increase during milking but was equivalent or less during application of current. This study demonstrates that currents of 5 mA or less, delivered through the milk line, did not produce any direct economic effect. To produce this current, voltages on the milk pipe line would have to be in excess of 125 V (obvious human safety hazard) or in excess of 5 V on the claw of the milking cluster.
Corporate philanthropic selection using data envelopment analysis

Abstract This paper presents a case study involving quantitative models for the selection of corporate philanthropic projects. The four analytic techniques used by this company for ranking and selecting philanthropic projects are all based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Instead of relaying only on one traditional DEA model, the four approaches employed in this study enable the decision maker to identify the most deserving school.
Neutron detection using large area silicon detectors

Abstract We present large-area silicon detectors for neutron detection. To detect neutrons, the silicon is coated with a thin reactive layer, such as 10 B or 6 Li, which has a high probability of interacting with incident thermal neutrons. Each neutron interaction in the reactive layer results in an alpha particle to be detected by the semiconductor, plus a recoil nucleus. A large-area thermal neutron detector of this type was recently constructed at the Naval Research Laboratory by coating a 9.5 cm×9.5 cm, 0.5 mm thick silicon strip detector with a thin (1.5 μm) layer of 10 B. This device was used to detect the 1.47 and 1.78 MeV alpha particles that result from the interaction of incident thermal neutrons with 10 B. The device also detected tritons when coated with 6 LiF. This has prompted the development of a custom large-area thermal neutron detector. This design is fabricated using Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers, potentially enabling low-cost and high-volume manufacture of the detector arrays. Furthermore, the SOI technology allows for thinner (7 μm) silicon layers that significantly reduce the instrument's sensitivity to gamma ray backgrounds.
Deceit as a function of sex of subject and target person

Thirty male and female undergraduates were run in same- and opposite-sex pairs to determine if the extent of experimentally sanctioned deceit would be influenced by sex pairings and potential for harm to another's self-esteem. Ss, who all believed they were playing the role of a “teacher” in a learning experiment, were instructed to provide false feedback (lie) at least three times during 30 trials to a “learner,” the other S. Consistent with hypotheses derived from a consideration of the potential harm to another's self-esteem and a suggested norm of “white lying,” perceived relative importance of male and female sex roles, and greater female concern for the social welfare of others, it was found that “white lies” occurred significantly more often than lies, that males were significantly more likely to give false feedback than females, that females were the target of false feedback significantly more often than males, and that the interaction between sex of S and sex of target person was also significant in that males lied to females more than any other sex pairing.
Readiness of Psychiatry Residency Training Programs to Meet the ACGME Requirements in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

The authors assessed the readiness of adult psychiatry residency programs to train residents in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) prior to the January 2001 revision of program requirements by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Adult residency training program directors were surveyed. Data analysis evaluated relationships between directors’ confidence in CBT training and the program and faculty characteristics. Responses were received from 54.2% of programs. Half had no requirement for resident-performed CBT. Directors’ confidence in CBT training was significantly related to didactic hours (P = 0.041), psychotherapy hours (P = 0.007), and ACT-certified faculty (P = 0.035). Asubstantial lack of required training in CBT exists in least 25% of accredited programs. Assessing faculty credentials and working with specialty organizations recommended in this article could assist in developing better programs in CBT.
1H NMR Studies of Water in Chicken Breast Marinated with Different Phosphates

Samples of boneless, skinless chicken breasts were vacuum tumbled in 7% salt and 1.2% of either disodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, or glass phosphate, and studied using 1 H NMR. Spin-lattice (T 1 ) values ranged from 588 to 642 ms, with highest values seen for phosphate-treated samples. Increases with treatment were attributed to changes in moisture. Cooking reduced T 1 values due to loss of moisture and setting of the protein gel. Compression produced further reductions in T 1 values. Little dispersion in R 2 with pulse spacing (T) was observed for uncooked samples.
Cylinders: a relational data structure

A form of list structure is described which permits an efficient representation of relational data structures. The general notions of the PLEX and of ring structures, because of their proven value, have been used as a basis; but by systematically treating the array structure of the PLEX as an implicit form of linkage which is complementary to the explicit links carried by pointers, a new form of linked data structure emerges, which is called CYLINDER. While CYLINDERS are built up from two or more simple rings of pointers, they characteristically exhibit a multiplicity of closed search paths, which are usable in the construction of data representations. Examples of CYLINDER applications are discussed.
Information Technology Management Practice: Impacts upon Effectiveness

The purpose of this research is to put forth a model that examines the impact of information technology IT related management practices upon IT effectiveness. Given the nature and use of these practices as a management activity, control theory is used as a framework to determine if IT management practices serving as controls can achieve positive outcomes. A portion of the Control Objectives for IT COBIT framework is used as a proxy for management practices due to the ability to ground the COBIT practices in previous literature and serve as IT controls. The results of a survey of IT and audit professionals suggest that the model put forth with IT related management practices as an independent second order factor, does indeed explain variance in perceptions of IT effectiveness as mediated through perceptions of IT value and perceptions of IT risk however only IT value is a significant predictor of IT effectiveness.
Comparison of pregnancy outcome in mares among methods used to evaluate and select spermatozoa for insemination

Abstract An artificial insemination dose for mares consisting of 500 million progressively motile spermatozoa is considered “standard” by most clinicians. However, little information is available directly comparing pregnancy outcome among methods of evaluating and selecting spermatozoa for insemination. The objective of this study was to determine if the method of spermatozoal evaluation and selection influences fertility as measured by pregnancy outcome. Mares were inseminated with 100 or 500 million spermatozoa that were selected for progressive motility, normal morphology, hypoosmotic swelling or absolute number regardless for evaluation method or quality. Thirty-two breeding cycles were tested for each treatment group and at each spermatozoal dose. Pregnancy outcomes were 44 and 41%, 55 and 41%, 39 and 31%, and 45 and 41%, for the 100 and 500 million progressively motile, morphologically normal, hypoosmotic swelling positive and absolute number treatment groups, respectively. Pregnancy outcome did not differ among methods of spermatozoal evaluation and selection for artificial insemination in the 100 (P=0.52) or 500 (P=0.78) million spermatozoa groups. Also the total number of spermatozoa and the absolute number of progressively motile, morphologically normal or hypoosmotic swelling positive spermatozoa inseminated, were not closely associated with pregnancy outcome in the 100 (P=0.24, 0.29, 0.33 and 0.38, respectively) or 500 (P=0.20, 0.84, 0.50 and 0.74, respectively) million spermatozoa groups. In this study, we found that the method of spermatozoal evaluation did not offer an advantage for pregnancy when used to select spermatozoa for insemination at the doses tested. These results were surprising, as we expected there would be differences among the evaluation methods. Instead, we found that evaluating spermatozoa offered no advantage for pregnancy over simply inseminating with a specified number of spermatozoa not selected for any particular characteristic under the conditions of our experiment.
Comparative analysis of mouse-human hybrids with rearranged chromosomes 1 by in situ hybridization and Southern blotting: high-resolution mapping of NRAS, NGFB, and AMY on human chromosome 1.

The human protooncogene NRASand the genes for the β-subunit of nerve growth factor (NGFB)and for amylase (AMY)have previously been assigned to the proximal short arm of chromosome 1, but their precise positions have not been unequivocally established. By in situ hybridization of DNA probes for the three genes, we have ascertained the location of complementary sequences in mouse-human somatic cell hybrids that contained translocations of chromosome 1. The results agreed with the presence or absence of the human sequences as determined by Southern blotting of hybrid cell DNA. The in situ data confirmed that the genes were present on the cytologically recognized rearranged chromosome. Compared to the autoradiographic silver grain distribution on normal human chromosome 1, our in situ results obtained with the translocation chromosomes allowed much greater precision of mapping. Both NRASand NGFBmap to band 1p22, and AMYwas confirmed in band 1p21.
Soil properties and barley yield under a twenty-years experiment of tillage, straw management and nitrogen application rate in the sub-arctic area of Alaska

A tillage and straw management study was started near Delta Junction Alaska (64°49′N, 147°52′W) USA in 1983 to determine the impact of tillage, straw management, and nitrogen fertilizer application...
A capillary-driven root module for plant growth in microgravity.

Abstract A new capillary-driven root module design for growing plants in microgravity was developed which requires minimal external control. Unlike existing systems, the water supply to the capillary-driven system is passive and relies on root uptake and media properties to develop driving gradients which operate a suction-induced flow control valve. A collapsible reservoir supplies water to the porous membrane which functions to maintain hydraulic continuity. Sheet and tubular membranes consisting of nylon, polyester and sintered porous stainless steel were tested. While finer pore sized membranes allow greater range of operation, they also reduce liquid flux thereby constraining system efficiency. Membrane selection should consider both the maximum anticipated liquid uptake rate and maximum operating matric head (suction) of the system. Matching growth media water retention characteristics to the porous membrane characteristics is essential for supplying adequate liquid flux and gas exchange. A minimum of 10 % air-filled porosity (AFP) was necessary for adequate aeration. The capillary-driven module maintained hydraulic continuity and proper gas exchange rates for more than 80 days in a plant growth experiment.
Pneumatically Controlled Transport and Reaction in Inorganic Membranes

The pneumatic-control concept involves the application of a pressure gradient across a nonpermselective porous inorganic membrane to control the trans-membrane flux of a permeate while minimizing the backdiffusion of another component. In this study the concept was investigated for a series of inorganic membranes. Tubular, macroporous, sintered metal membranes were impregnated or coated with colloidal silica. Binary and ternary transport experiments reveal that the morphology can be tailored to achieve the desired trans-membrane flux with minimal backdiffusion. Simulations of the multicomponent transport in the membranes using the Dusty Gas Model are in good agreement with the data. The imposed pressure gradient creates a convective flow of the permeate across the membrane which inhibits the backdiffusion of the second component. The pneumatic-control transport was tested in a membrane reactor using the catalytic combustion of ethylene as the test reaction. A membrane reactor having catalytic pellets insi...
An Assessment of Arguments for Teaching Religion in Public Schools in the United States

AbstractAfter evaluating arguments for teaching a religion course in public schools, and finding the most common ones less than convincing, I provide a justification rooted in the unique mission of public education. I then suggest that two types of courses, Bible Literature and World Religion, could, if properly taught, serve this mission in a unique way. I also provide a set of minimum guidelines for teachers if religion courses are to be appropriate for public schools.
Morphological Changes of an Intergranular Thin Film in a Poly crystalline Spinel

An intergranular second phase, present as a film in a large-grained MgAl2O4 densified with LiF, was observed, on sequential heat treatment at 1500° C, to progressively reduce its area by first forming slender fingers which then break up into spheroid-shaped islands. This “beading” process is an example of a Rayleigh instability driven by capillarity processes. Electron microscopy revealed that the islands consist of two phases (presumably LiF and MgAl2O4), characteristic of a solidified melt. The observed morphologies are more than likely characteristic of many intergranular phases which form nonzero contact angles with the major phase. An analysis is presented showing that perturbations on the edge of a receding plate can grow by surface diffusion.
Digested formula but not digested fresh human milk causes death of intestinal cells in vitro: implications for necrotizing enterocolitis

Premature infants fed formula are more likely to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) than those who are breastfed, but the mechanisms of intestinal necrosis in NEC and protection by breast milk are unknown. We hypothesized that after lipase digestion, formula, but not fresh breast milk, contains levels of unbound free fatty acids (FFAs) that are cytotoxic to intestinal cells. We digested multiple term and preterm infant formulas or human milk with pancreatic lipase, proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin), lipase + proteases, or luminal fluid from a rat small intestine and tested FFA levels and cytotoxicity in vitro on intestinal epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and neutrophils. Lipase digestion of formula, but not milk, caused significant death of neutrophils (ranging from 47 to 99% with formulas vs. 6% with milk) with similar results in endothelial and epithelial cells. FFAs were significantly elevated in digested formula vs. milk and death from formula was significantly decreased with lipase inhibitor pretreatment, or treatments to bind FFAs. Protease digestion significantly increased FFA binding capacity of formula and milk but only enough to decrease cytotoxicity from milk. FFA-induced cytotoxicity may contribute to the pathogenesis of NEC.
RootScape: A Landmark-Based System for Rapid Screening of Root Architecture in Arabidopsis

The architecture of plant roots affects essential functions including nutrient and water uptake, soil anchorage, and symbiotic interactions. Root architecture comprises many features that arise from the growth of the primary and lateral roots. These root features are dictated by the genetic background but are also highly responsive to the environment. Thus, root system architecture (RSA) represents an important and complex trait that is highly variable, affected by genotype × environment interactions, and relevant to survival/performance. Quantification of RSA in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using plate-based tissue culture is a very common and relatively rapid assay, but quantifying RSA represents an experimental bottleneck when it comes to medium- or high-throughput approaches used in mutant or genotype screens. Here, we present RootScape, a landmark-based allometric method for rapid phenotyping of RSA using Arabidopsis as a case study. Using the software AAMToolbox, we created a 20-point landmark model that captures RSA as one integrated trait and used this model to quantify changes in the RSA of Arabidopsis (Columbia) wild-type plants grown under different hormone treatments. Principal component analysis was used to compare RootScape with conventional methods designed to measure root architecture. This analysis showed that RootScape efficiently captured nearly all the variation in root architecture detected by measuring individual root traits and is 5 to 10 times faster than conventional scoring. We validated RootScape by quantifying the plasticity of RSA in several mutant lines affected in hormone signaling. The RootScape analysis recapitulated previous results that described complex phenotypes in the mutants and identified novel gene × environment interactions.
Simulation based study of wireless RF interconnects for practical CMOs implementation

An electromagnetic analysis for the practical implementation of on-chip antennas to be used as wireless IC interconnects is presented. The undesired electromagnetic signal coupling between the on-chip antennas and the metal interconnects is characterized under varying geometries and placement of the metal interconnects. The variations in the transmission gain between the antenna pair due to the typical complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing requirements are presented. Using a 3-D finite element method (FEM) based full wave electromagnetic solver, it is shown that the antenna characteristics are significantly impacted by the presence of the essential epitaxial layer and the required minimum metal utilization. It is also shown in a 250nm CMOS technology that there can be a significant electromagnetic signal coupling between the on-chip transmitting antenna and the metal interconnects on a die (-12.09dB for a 1.6mm long, 2μm wide interconnect at a distance of 1μm from the antenna). Design considerations are presented for the metal interconnects in the presence of on-chip antennas in order to minimize the undesired electromagnetic signal coupling.
Identification of Dynamical Correlations within the Myosin Motor Domain by the Normal Mode Analysis of an Elastic Network Model

In order to systematically analyze functionally relevant dynamical correlations within macromolecular complexes, we have developed computational methods based on the normal mode analysis of an elastic network model. First, we define two types of dynamical correlations (fluctuation-based and density-based), which are computed by summing up contributions from all low-frequency normal modes up to a given cutoff. Then we use them to select dynamically important "hinge residues" whose elastic distortion affects the fluctuations of a large number of residues. Second, in order to clarify long-range dynamical correlations, we decompose the dynamical correlations to individual normal modes to identify the most relevant modes. We have applied these methods to the analysis of the motor domain of Dictyostelium myosin and have obtained the following three interesting results that shed light on its mechanism of force generation: first, we find the hinge residues are distributed over several key inter-subdomain joints (including the nucleotide-binding pocket, the relay helix, the SH1 helix, the strut between the upper 50 kDa and the lower 50 kDa subdomains), which is consistent with their hypothesized roles in modulating functionally relevant inter-subdomain conformational changes; second, a single mode 7 (for structure 1VOM) is found to dominate the fluctuation-based correlations between the converter/strut and the nucleotide-binding pocket, revealing a surprising simplicity for their intriguing roles in the force generation mechanism; finally, we find a negative density-based correlation between the strut and the nucleotide-binding pocket, which is consistent with the hypothesized signaling pathway that links the actin-binding site's opening/closing with the nucleotide-binding pocket's closing/opening.
Characterization of Pig-Tailed Macaque Classical MHC Class I Genes: Implications for MHC Evolution and Antigen Presentation in Macaques

MHC-dependent CD8+ T cell responses have been associated with control of viral replication and slower disease progression during lentiviral infections. Pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), two nonhuman primate species commonly used to model HIV infection, can exhibit distinct clinical courses after infection with different primate lentiviruses. As an initial step in assessing the role of MHC class I restricted immune responses to these infections, we have cloned and characterized classical MHC class I genes of pig-tailed macaques and have identified 19 MHC class I alleles (Mane) orthologous to rhesus macaque MHC-A, -B, and -I genes. Both Mane-A and Mane-B loci were found to be duplicated, and no MHC-C locus was detected. Pig-tailed and rhesus macaque MHC-A alleles form two groups, as defined by 14 polymorphisms affecting mainly their B peptide-binding pockets. Furthermore, an analysis of multiple pig-tailed monkeys revealed the existence of three MHC-A haplotypes. The distribution of these haplotypes in various Old World monkeys provides new insights about MHC-A evolution in nonhuman primates. An examination of B and F peptide-binding pockets in rhesus and pig-tailed macaques suggests that their MHC-B molecules present few common peptides to their respective CTLs.
Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Actual SAC105, SAC305, and SAC405 Solder Joints by Digital Image Correlation

This paper presents the characterization of the mechanical properties of three lead-free solder alloys 95.5Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC405), 96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305), and 98.5Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC105) at the solder joint scale. Several actual ChipArray® ball grid array (CABGA) packages were cross-sectioned, polished, and used as test vehicles. Compressive tests were performed using a nanocharacterization system over the temperature range of 25°C to 105°C. Images of the cross-sectioned solder joints were recorded by microscope during the tests. The recorded images were then processed by using a digital image correlation (DIC) program to calculate the displacement and strain fields on the solder joints. Finite-element method (FEM) modeling was used to extract the Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the solder alloys over the temperature range. The methodology developed in this paper enables characterization of the mechanical properties of the actual solder joints at low strain range with high accuracy.
PROGNOSIS IN CRITICAL CARE

Prognostic risk prediction models have been employed in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting since the 1980s and provide health care providers with important information to help inform decisions related to treatment and prognosis, as well as to compare outcomes across institutions. Prognostic models for critical care are among the most widely utilized and tested predictive models in healthcare. In this article, we review and compare mortality prediction models, including the APACHE (1981), SAPS (1984), APACHE-II (1985), MPM (1987), APACHE-III (1991), SAPS-II (1993), and MPM-II (1993). We emphasize the importance of model calibration in this domain. In addition, we present a brief review of the statistical methodology, multiple logistic regression, which underlies most of the models currently used in critical care.
Identification of a potent serum factor that causes desensitization of the receptor for C-Type natriuretic peptide.

Guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B; NPR-B), the receptor for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is rapidly and effectively desensitized by a factor(s) in serum. Given the potential importance of this receptor in remodeling after tissue injury, identification of the serum factor(s) is of significant medical importance. Partial purification of desensitization activity in serum by DEAE-Sepharose and reverse phase C18 chromatography, followed by mass spectroscopy, identified peptide sequences identical to those of apolipoprotein A2 (Apo A2), a known component of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Apo A2, however, could be eliminated as the active desensitization factor. Never the less, substantial desensitization activity was associated with purified preparations of bovine or human HDL. Since HDL is a well-known transporter of various lipids and phospholipids, we extracted either HDL or partially purified serum preparations with butanol and all activity extracted into the solvent. Of various lipophilic signaling molecules known to be associated with HDL, a prominent component is sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We therefore tested authentic S1P as well as other known components of HDL (sphingosylphosphorylcholine; platelet activating factor) for activity; only S1P caused desensitization of GC-B. S1P was relatively potent, causing one-half maximal desensitization of GC-B at concentrations of 5–10 nM. These effects were seen within a few minutes after addition. Lysophosphatidic acid, another component of serum capable of desensitizing GC-B, was only effective at Micromolar concentrations. The pathway by which serum or S1P desensitizes GC-B seems unique in that pertussis toxin failed to inhibit GC-B desensitization, and yet blocked serum or S1P activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or Akt/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB). Since the concentrations of S1P that desensitize GC-B are well within serum physiological ranges, this mitogenic signaling molecule likely functions as a strong adversary of the CNP/GC-B signaling pathway in the regulation of cell proliferation and other growth factor-induced phenotypes. The mechanism by which S1P desensitizes GC-B appears different than the known S1P signaling pathways.
Leisure as a context for active living, recovery, health and life quality for persons with mental illness in a global context.

SUMMARY Globally, the mental health system is being transformed into a strengths-based, recovery-oriented system of care, to which the concept of active living is central. Based on an integrative review of the literature, this paper presents a heuristic conceptual framework of the potential contribution that enjoyable and meaningful leisure experiences can have in active living, recovery, health and life quality among persons with mental illness. This framework is holistic and reflects the humanistic approach to mental illness endorsed by the United Nations and the World Health Organization. It also includes ecological factors such as health care systems and environmental factors as well as cultural influences that can facilitate and/or hamper recovery, active living and health/life quality. Unique to this framework is our conceptualization of active living from a broad-based and meaning-oriented perspective rather than the traditional, narrower conceptualization which focuses on physical activity and exercise. Conceptualizing active living in this manner suggests a unique and culturally sensitive potential for leisure experiences to contribute to recovery, health and life quality. In particular, this paper highlights the potential of leisure engagements as a positive, strengths-based and potentially cost-effective means for helping people better deal with the challenges of living with mental illness.
Applications of oblique-wing technology - An overview

A summary of oblique-wing technology programs, including system studies and experimental activities, is presented. Oblique-wing civil transports were studied and compared with conventional configurations at design cruise Mach numbers of 0.95 and 1.2. Studies of military configurations employing oblique-wing technology considered aircraft concepts, remotely piloted vehicles, and a cruise missile. Experimental activities included wind-tunnel tests of high and low aspect ratio oblique wings; flight tests are planned using unmanned and manned vehicles. The research program suggests that oblique-wing technology offers improved performance over conventional concepts for aircraft operating in the transonic speed range.
Evaluating the transient behavior of queueing systems via simulation and transfer function modeling

Characterizing the transient behavior of queueing systems is a difficult problem, which has been addressed by either simplified analytical models or simulation. We seek to capture the transient performance of systems from a new perspective: based on high-fidelity simulation experiments, we estimate a number of transfer function models (the discrete approximations of those ODEs provided by an analytical approach) which characterizes the evolution of the system?s dynamic behavior.
Influence of Verbal Recall of a Recent Stress Experience on Anxiety and Desire for Cocaine in Non-Treatment Seeking, Cocaine-Addicted Volunteers

It has long been postulated that stress increases the risk of drug abuse and relapse. The principal goal of this project was to evaluate the effects of verbal recall of a recent stress experience (specifically meaningful to each individual) on physiological and subjective measures in cocaine-addicted participants. Subjects described a recent stressful non-drug-related experience and a neutral non-stressful experience, and then completed mood and drug effect questionnaires, while heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. Participants (N = 25) were predominantly African American and male. As a group, participants used cocaine for more than 15 years and ∼18 of the last 30 days, and a majority reported use of nicotine and/or alcohol. All participants were evaluated during a time in which they tested positive for cocaine metabolite. On a scale of 1–10, participants reported their verbal recall of a recent stress event as highly stressful and their verbal recall of a recent neutral event as non-stressful (p ...
From the Ground Up: An In-Depth Analysis of Build-to-Suit and Related Party Exchanges

Build-to-suit exchanges (also referred to as improvements exchanges and construction exchanges) allow taxpayers to dispose of property tax free under section 1031 and use the proceeds to construct improvements on other property. Orgininally published as Recent Developments in Build-to-Suite Exchanges, this Article discusses the case history of build-to-suit exchanges and describes current structures, including leasehold arrangements, that allow exchangers to reinvest exchange proceeds to construct improvements on property owned by a related party. Build-to-suit exchanges involving related party property raise many issues under the related-party exchange rules. Therefore, the Article also discusses those rules.
Abstract 401: Ouabain-Digoxin Antagonism in Rat Arteries and Neurons: Acute Effects on Myogenic Tone and Neuronal Ca2+ Signaling

‘Classic’ cardiotonic steroids (CTS, e.g., digoxin and ouabain) selectively inhibit Na + ,K + -ATPase (the Na + pump) and, via Na/Ca exchange, exert cardiotonic and vasotonic effects. CTS action is more complex than previously thought: Prolonged infusion of ouabain, but not digoxin, induces hypertension; in fact, digoxin antagonizes ouabain’s hypertensinogenic effect. We studied acute interactions between CTS in two indirect assays of Na + pump function: myogenic tone (MT) in isolated, pressurized rat mesenteric small arteries, and Ca 2+ signaling in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The ‘classic’ CTS (0.3-10 nM) were ‘agonists’: they all increased MT 70 (MT at 70 mm Hg) and augmented 3-4 μM glutamate-evoked Ca 2+ (fura-2) signals. For example, 3-10 nM ouabain, digoxin and bufalin all increased myogenic constriction by 20-40% and neuronal Ca 2+ signals by 80-200%. We then tested one CTS in the presence of another. Most CTS were either ouabain-like (ouabagenin, dihydroouabain, strophanthidin) or digoxin-like CTS (digoxigenin, digitoxin, bufalin). Within each group, the CTS were synergistic, but ouabain-like and digoxin-like CTS antagonized one another in both assays. For example, 3 nM ouabain-evoked increases in MT 70 and neuronal Ca 2+ signals were both reversibly attenuated by 65-75% by adding 10 nM digoxin or 10 nM bufalin. Conversely, 3 nM digoxin- or bufalin-evoked increases in MT 70 and Ca 2+ signals were attenuated by 65-75% by 10 nM ouabain, but augmentation by bufalin was not antagonized by digoxin and vice-versa. Rostafuroxin (PST2238, 5 μM), a digoxigenin derivative that displaces 3 H-ouabain from Na + ,K + -ATPase, and attenuates some forms of hypertension, antagonized ouabain9s, but not digoxin9s, effects. CTS bind to the α (catalytic) subunit of Na + pump αβ protomers in a 1:1 ratio. Analysis of potential models suggests that, in vivo , Na + pumps function as tetraprotomers [(αβ) 4 ] in which the binding of a single CTS to one protomer blocks all pumping activity. The paradoxical ability of digoxin-like CTS to reactivate the ouabain-inhibited complex can be explained by de-oligomerization of the tetrameric state. The interactions between these common CTS may be of considerable therapeutic relevance.
Cognitive intervention for attention and executive function impairments in children with traumatic brain injury: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of the Attention Improvement and Management (AIM) program, a cognitive intervention for improving impairments in attention and executive functions (EFs) after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTING: Tertiary care children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 13 children with complicated mild-to-severe TBI (average of 5 years postinjury) and 11 healthy comparison children aged 9 to 15 years completed the study. DESIGN: Open-label pilot study with a nontreated control group. MAIN MEASURES: Subtests from the Test of Everyday Attention-for Children (TEA-Ch) and the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), the self- and parent-report from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). RESULTS: Relative to the healthy comparison group, children with TBI demonstrated significant improvement postintervention on a neuropsychological measure of sustained attention, as well as on parent-reported EFs. The majority of families also reported expected or more-than-expected personalized goal attainment. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of AIM in improving parent-reported EFs and personalized real-world goal attainment in children with TBI. Language: en
The Slow-Onset Nature of Allosteric Inhibition in α-Isopropylmalate Synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Mediated by a Flexible Loop

The identification of structure–function relationships in allosteric enzymes is essential to describing a molecular mechanism for allosteric processes. The enzyme α-isopropylmalate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtIPMS) is subject to slow-onset, allosteric inhibition by l-leucine. Here we report that alternate amino acids act as rapid equilibrium noncompetitive inhibitors of MtIPMS failing to display biphasic inhibition kinetics. Amino acid substitutions on a flexible loop covering the regulatory binding pocket generate enzyme variants that have significant affinity for l-leucine but lack biphasic inhibition kinetics. Taken together, these results are consistent with the flexible loop mediating the slow-onset step of allosteric inhibition.
Culture, Here and Elsewhere

ARE WE CIVILIZED? HUMAN CULTURE3 IN PERSPECTIVE. By Robert H. Lowie. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., i92.9. xiii + 306 pp. $3.00. BLACK YEOMANRY. By T. J. Woofter, Jr., with chapters by G. G. and G. B. Johnson and Clarence Heer. New York: Henry Holt and Co., I930. Xi + 2-9I PP. $3.00. FOLKLORISMO. By Eduardo Sanchez de Fuentes. Havana: Imp. Molina y Cia., i928. 350 PP. EL FOLK-LORE EN LA MU'SICA CUBANA. By Eduardo Sanchez de Fuentes. La Habana: Imprenta "El Siglo XX," I92.8. I9I Pp. LA CANCION CUBANA. By Eduardo Sanchez de Fuentes. Habana: Molina y Cia., I930. 46 pp. CATALOGO DE LA COLECCION DE FOLKLORE. By Instituto de Literatura Argentina. Vol. I, nos. I-4, Vol. II, nos. i-<, Vol. III, no. i. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de la Universidad, I92.5, i92.8, I930. Xix + 433, 803, 99 PPRELIGION IN HUMAN AFFAIRS. By Clifford Kirkpatrick. New York: John Wiley and Sons, I9.9. Xiii + 530 PP. $4.50. GODS AND MEN. By W. J. Perry. New York: William Morrow and Co., i92.9. V + 87 PP. $I.00.
Iodine Release, Oxidation, and Ignition of Mechanically Alloyed Al−I Composites

Multifunctional materials combining the high energy density of metal fuels with the ability to generate biocidal combustion products are of interest for defeat of stockpiles of biological weapons. In this study, new Al−I composites are prepared and investigated, which are expected to combust similarly to Al powder while releasing biocidal iodine-containing reaction products. Materials are prepared by mechanical milling of pure Al powder and iodine at cryogenic temperatures. Prepared materials are stable at room temperature and contain more than 10 wt % of iodine. Two samples with the same nominal compositions were prepared using different milling conditions. Thermogravimetric measurements at different heating rates were used to characterize reactions of iodine release and oxidation of the prepared materials. Oxidation was studied with O2 serving as an oxidizer. Ignition of the prepared materials was studied by coating them onto an electrically heated filament and using optical diagnostics to identify igni...
Epidemiological analysis and incidence trend of mumps in Nanchang in 2011

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of mumps in Nanchang,and provide scientific basis for the formulation of control strategy.Method Adopt the epidemiological method to analyze the data of mumps in Nanchang in 2011,and predict the incidence trend.Results 2 395 mumps cases were reported in Nanchang in 2011,and most of them were students and preschool children.The peak periods of mumps were from April to August and from October to December.1 155 cases were children at the age of 5～8,accounting for 48.23%.Conclusions The incidence of mumps showed periodic increased tendency.Students and preschool children were the main population of incidence and also should be the key of pervention and control for mumps.
New York State and the New York Racing Association: Can't Anyone Privatize These Racetracks?

This essay reviews the legislative efforts being made in 2016 to re-privatize the New York Racing Association, which runs the major thoroughbred racetracks in New York State.
SECTION 1.3 – Size Effect on Structural Strength*

This chapter reviews the problem of size effect or scaling of failure, which has recently come to the forefront of attention because of its importance for concrete and geotechnical engineering, geomechanics, and arctic ice engineering, as well as in designing large load-bearing parts made of advanced ceramics and composites, example for aircraft or ships. The main results of the Weibull statistical theory of random strength are briefly summarized and its applicability and limitations are described. In this theory as well as plasticity, elasticity with a strength limit, and linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), the size effect is a simple power law because no characteristic size or length is present. The focus is on the deterministic size effect in quasi-brittle materials which, because of the existence of a non-negligible material length characterizing the size of the fracture process zone, represents the bridging between the simple power-law size effects of plasticity and of LEFM. The energetic theory of quasi-brittle size effect in the bridging region is explained, and followed by a host of recent refinements, extensions, and ramifications.
Abstract 1477: Targeting immunosuppressive myeloid cells in oral cavity cancer with the PI3Kδ/γ isoform inhibitor duvelisib

BACKGROUND: IPI-145 (duvelisib) is an oral inhibitor of the p110δ/γ isoforms of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) that are differentially expressed in leukocytes. IPI-145 is currently under study in phase II/III trials for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but has not previously been studied in solid tumors. In this study we sought to determine if p110δ/γ inhibition could suppress solid tumor growth through functional inhibition of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) within the tumor microenvironment of syngeneic murine oral cavity (MOC) tumor models of head and neck cancer. METHODS: In pilot experiments, highly immunogenic MOC1 and poorly immunogenic MOC2 tumor-bearing mice were treated with daily oral doses of 15 mg/kg IPI-145 for 14 days and monitored for tumor progression. Flow cytometry was used to study cellular immune correlates in both the periphery and tumor microenvironment. MDSCs were sorted using FACS and functionally evaluated in a carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based T-cell proliferation assay. RESULTS: Selective inhibition of p110δ/γ with low-dose IPI-145 resulted in a trend toward growth suppression of established MOC1 tumors, and had no effect on the growth of poorly immunogenic MOC2. IPI-145 increased infiltration and activation of CD8 T-lymphocytes and NK cells along with increased tumor cell expression of MHC class I and PD-L1 in MOC1 tumor bearing mice. MDSCs sorted from IPI-145 treated MOC1 tissues demonstrated a reduction in their capacity to suppress CD3/28 stimulated T-cell proliferation. MOC2 tumor bearing mice demonstrated no immune correlative changes. CONCLUSION: Daily oral treatment with low-dose IPI-145 resulted in a trend toward inhibition of primary tumor growth and enhanced immune activation in the tumor microenvironment in an immunogenic murine model of head and neck cancer. This data shows promise for future studies of IPI-145 as a monotherapy at higher doses or as a sensitizer for immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, and these studies are underway. This work was supported by the NIDCD Intramural Program ZIA-DC-000087-01 Citation Format: Ruth Davis, Ellen Moore, Paul E. Clavijo, Chris Silvin, Carter Van Waes, Zhong Chen, Clint Allen. Targeting immunosuppressive myeloid cells in oral cavity cancer with the PI3Kδ/γ isoform inhibitor duvelisib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1477.
Racial disparities in early breast cancer outcomes in a mammographic screened population

A45 Purpose/Objective: To examine factors contributing to racial disparity in early breast cancer patients treated with breast conservation. Materials/Methods: 1,246 women with stage I-II invasive breast cancer (age
Real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Biopsy Using SmartFrame® Stereotaxis in the Setting of a Conventional Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suite.

BACKGROUND Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualization during stereotactic needle biopsies affords several valuable benefits to the neurosurgeon, including the opportunity to visually confirm the biopsy site at the time of surgery. Until now, reported experiences with this technique have been limited to the setting of intraoperative MRI or dedicated procedural MRI suites with modified ventilation systems. OBJECTIVE To describe our experience with 11 consecutive patients who underwent real-time MRI-guided biopsy performed using SmartFrame® stereotaxis (MRI Interventions, Irvine, California) in the setting of a conventional diagnostic MRI suite. METHODS This is a case series of patients that underwent real-time MRI-guided biopsy at a single institution. RESULTS Four of the 11 lesions were previously biopsied by experienced neurosurgeons, yielding tissues that were nondiagnostic. Six of these lesions were sub-cubic centimeter in volume. One lesion was associated with aberrant venous anatomy. Two patients underwent laser thermal ablation in the same setting. There were no perioperative complications or unplanned 30-day readmission. All patients were discharged on postoperative day 1 to home. The operative time for the biopsy averaged 165 ± 24 min. Illustrative examples are reviewed. CONCLUSION Real-time MRI-guided needle biopsy can be safely performed in the setting of a conventional diagnostic MRI suite. This technique provides neurosurgeons with the opportunity to visualize and confirm the biopsy site and allows for real-time adjustments in surgical maneuvers.