cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation and ion-molecule reactions of ethyl diazoacetate anion radical (EtO2CCHN2XXX)

Abstract Thermal electron attachment to EtO 2 CCHN 2 produced the parent anion radical EtO 2 CCHN 2 -( m/z 114). The ion-molecule reactions of m/z 114 with 30 neutral substrates were examined. Using the bracketing method, PA(EtO 2 CCHN 2 XXX ) = 355±4 kcal mol -1 was determined. The reaction of m/z 4 with CH 3 SH produced H 2 CS XXX , the product of β-elimination of H + 2 from the thiol. From a series of bracketing studies and determination of the equilibrium constant for the electron transfer (ET) process CH 3 C(O)C(O)CH 3 - +EtO 2 CCHN 2 = CH 3 C(O)C(O)CH 3 +EtO 2 CCHN 2 XXX EA(EtO 2 CCHN 2 ) = 19.7 kcal mol -1 was derived. Both associative and dissociative ET were observed in the reactions of m/z 114 with certain perhalomethanes (depending on their EA) as well as halogen-atom abstraction from BrCCl 3 . While no reaction was observed between m/z 114 with CH 3 CHO or (CH 3 ) 2 CO, m/z 114 reacted with certain other ketones and esters (CF 3 CO 2 R) mainly to yield enolate anions of the β-keto esters, EtO 2 CCHC(O - )R. These enolate anions are believed to be formed by nucleophilic addition of C α of m/z 114 to the carbonyl group of the neutral substrate followed by loss of N 2 and radical β-fragmentation.
Rating of General-Purpose Induction Motors

This paper reviews principles of rating of general-purpose a-c motors, particularly in relation to overload torque and temperature limits. The overload capacity of an electric motor is limited, first, by its stalling, or breakdown torque, and, second, by its operating temperature. The breakdown torque, analogous to the stalling torque of a gas engine, is roughly proportional to the motor size and the square of its magnetic flux density. The temperature limitation is exactly analogous to the temperature limit of a transformer, the useful life of the insulation being reduced exponentially as the temperature is raised. The increased variety of motor uses in recent years, especially for automatic operation of refrigerator compressors, air conditioning, pumps, and other mechanical devices, has led to more exact methods of application, utilizing motor overload capacity and matching torque characteristics to the driven equipment. Under this economic pressure, motor overload capacities have been increased over the requirements of present standards, and small motors are now commonly used on intermittent overloads far beyond their continuous ratings. It is proposed, therefore, that American standards be revised to provide for increased values of breakdown torque and service factor in the smaller motor ratings, and that permissible intermittent duty cycles be denned, enabling the full economic life of the motor to be utilized. It is also proposed that the starting current be recognized as a convenient and accurate measure of induction-motor breakdown torque, or momentary torque capacity, and that starting current values be established on a logical and consistent basis for both single-phase and polyphase motors. Specific recommendations are given in the paper for rated characteristics and operating limits under this starting current-temperature system of rating, and the economic advantages to the industry to be gained by their adoption are pointed out, including safer wiring and control systems and a reduced variety of special motors.
Una nación acorralada: Southern Peruvian Quechua language planning and politics in historical perspective*

This paper sketches Spanish colonial policies toward Southern Peruvian Quechua in order to identify long-term trends and constants. I emphasize the following conjunctures in the debate on the status of the indigenous languages: (1) the simultaneous efforts to restrict the inroads of bilingualism in the legal and political domain and to encourage bilingualism among local headmen so as to facilitate indirect rule in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries; (2) the debate as to the role of the vernacular in religious education and missionary work in the same period, a debate in which the position favoring use of the vernacular held out for a time against calls for forced liquidation of the indigenous languages; (3) the ascendancy of the position calling for liquidation in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and (4) the role of Southern Peruvian Quechua as a nationalist emblem during the eighteenth century.These conjunctures have considerable relevance today. Differences in vocabulary and ideological justification have obscured the continuity between colonial and modern language policy. The issues debated, the limits of the alternatives proposed as solutions, and even the practical efforts carried out on behalf of alternative policies, have been surprisingly perdurable. For four and a half centuries the “Andean language debate,” the issues and terms of language policy, have continued to have at their center the question of whether or not the Quechua have a right to exist as a separate community. (Language policy, colonialism, South America, Quechua)
A Blood-Based Screening Tool for Alzheimer's Disease That Spans Serum and Plasma: Findings from TARC and ADNI

Context There is no rapid and cost effective tool that can be implemented as a front-line screening tool for Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the population level. Objective To generate and cross-validate a blood-based screener for AD that yields acceptable accuracy across both serum and plasma. Design, setting, participants Analysis of serum biomarker proteins were conducted on 197 Alzheimer's disease (AD) participants and 199 control participants from the Texas Alzheimer's Research Consortium (TARC) with further analysis conducted on plasma proteins from 112 AD and 52 control participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The full algorithm was derived from a biomarker risk score, clinical lab (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, homocysteine), and demographic (age, gender, education, APOE*E4 status) data. Major outcome measures Alzheimer's disease. Results 11 proteins met our criteria and were utilized for the biomarker risk score. The random forest (RF) biomarker risk score from the TARC serum samples (training set) yielded adequate accuracy in the ADNI plasma sample (training set) (AUC = 0.70, sensitivity (SN) = 0.54 and specificity (SP) = 0.78), which was below that obtained from ADNI cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analyses (t-tau/Aβ ratio AUC = 0.92). However, the full algorithm yielded excellent accuracy (AUC = 0.88, SN = 0.75, and SP = 0.91). The likelihood ratio of having AD based on a positive test finding (LR+) = 7.03 (SE = 1.17; 95% CI = 4.49-14.47), the likelihood ratio of not having AD based on the algorithm (LR-) = 3.55 (SE = 1.15; 2.22-5.71), and the odds ratio of AD were calculated in the ADNI cohort (OR) = 28.70 (1.55; 95% CI = 11.86-69.47). Conclusions It is possible to create a blood-based screening algorithm that works across both serum and plasma that provides a comparable screening accuracy to that obtained from CSF analyses.
EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND ENERGY ON HYDROLYSIS OF ASPIRIN.

The effect of ultrasonic energy on the hydrolysis of aspirin solutions at various temperatures and pH values is described. The reaction kinetics followed a pseudo first-order rate, both with and without the influence of ultrasound. The rate of hydrolysis was increased in all cases by applying sound energy. A mathematical treatment of the data disclosed that the effect of ultrasonic energy on the hydrolysis rate is relatively constant and can be compared to the effect obtained by increasing the reaction temperature.
A simple persistence condition for structured populations

The fundamental question in both basic and applied population biology of whether a species will increase in numbers is often investigated by finding the population growth rate as the largest eigenvalue of a deterministic matrix model. For a population classified only by age, and not stage or size, a simpler biologically interpretable condition can be used, namely whether R0, the mean number of offspring per newborn, is greater than one. However, for the many populations not easily described using only age classes, stage-structured models must be used for which there is currently no quantity like R0. We determine analogous quantities that must be greater than one for persistence of a general structured population model that have a similar useful biological interpretation. Our approach can be used immediately to determine the magnitude of changes and interactions that would either allow population persistence or would ensure control of an undesirable species.
Hypothesis Testing and Bayesian Estimation using a Sigmoid E max Model Applied to Sparse Dose-Response Designs

Application of a sigmoid E max model is described for the assessment of dose-response with designs containing a small number of doses (typically, three to six). The expanded model is a common E max model with a power (Hill) parameter applied to dose and the ED 50 parameter. The model will be evaluated following a strategy proposed by Bretz et al. (2005). The sigmoid E max model is used to create several contrasts that have high power to detect an increasing trend from placebo. Alpha level for the hypothesis of no dose-response is controlled using multiple comparison methods applied to the p-values obtained from the contrasts. Subsequent to establishing drug activity, Bayesian methods are used to estimate the dose-response curve from the sparse dosing design. Bayesian estimation applied to the sigmoid model represents uncertainty in model selection that is missed when a single simpler model is selected from a collection of non-nested models. The goal is to base model selection on substantive knowledge and ...
Learning Teaching in, from, and for Practice: What Do We Mean?

In talk about teacher preparation and professional development, we often hear the word practice associated with what, how, or when the learning of teaching is supposed to happen. In this article, f...
The perceived size of packages of complex vs. simple shape depends upon the number of packages presented

A research gap exists regarding the respective effects of package shape and presentation context on size perception. Some prior research shows that complex packages appear larger than simple packages of equal volume. Other research shows the opposite. We resolve the dilemma by showing that shape and presentation context interact to create size impressions. Subjects estimated the relative volumes of sets of packages whose shapes are simple or complex, presented in package sets whose numbers range from two to 16. When packages are displayed in sets of nine or more, packages of simple shape appear larger than packages of complex shape. When packages are presented in sets of eight or less, complex packages appear larger than simple packages. This reversal suggests that the volume estimation strategies employed by consumers change when the complexity of the visual tableau before them leads to cognitive overload.
Desktop and Wearable Game-Based Simulations: A Usability Study

Currently, there is considerable interest related to the use of computer games as simulators for training. One of the issues with using computer simulations is that the controls should be simple and natural enough that the trainee can focus on the training rather than on complicated simulator controls. The current research examined two versions of a game based simulator for training Soldier tasks in an urban environment. One version employs a common desktop computer interface, while the second version has the computer components, controls, and the display embedded into Soldier field equipment so that the simulator is wearable by the trainee. A heuristic usability evaluation of the two simulators was conducted to determine the ease of use of the controls and displays. The results found the wearable simulator to have more usability concerns than the desktop computer. These findings can be used to improve future simulator interfaces, particularly those employing novel controls that differ from traditional de...
Astrophysical Constraints on Inflationary Dark Matter in the Luminogenesis Model

The assumption of collisionless cold dark matter on its own cannot reconcile several astrophysical discrepancies (cusp-vs-core problem, missing satellite problem, too-big-to-fail problem). Self-interacting dark matter provides a promising framework for solving all these problems, and self-interaction cross sections are duly constrained in the literature. Following the work of Tulin, Yu, and Zurek [1], we can constrain the dark matter mass and the mass of a light mediator assuming a generic scalar Yukawa-type interaction. In particular, we constrain the strongly coupled inflationary dark matter of the luminogenesis model, a unification model with the gauge group $SU(3)_C \times SU(6) \times U(1)_Y$, which breaks to the Standard Model with an extra gauge group for dark matter when the inflaton rolls into its true vacuum. The luminogenesis model is additionally subject to constraints on inflation, and we find an upper bound on the scale of symmetry breaking of the inflaton and the decoupling scale $M_1$ of certain representations of the gauge group. We emphasize that the luminogenesis model enables a unique connection between astrophysical constraints, the nature of dark matter, and inflation.
The simultaneous on-line estimation of parameters and states in linear systems

The practical implementation of adaptive controllers using minicomputers requires algorithms which are both numerically economical and robust. The problem of combined state and parameter estimation for adaptive controllers was originally posed as a nonlinear filtering problem. The only known nonlinear filter which can be practically implemented on a small computer is the extended Kalman filter. The extended Kalman filter, however, often diverges, thus, there is a need for economical, robust parameter-state estimators. A simple suboptimal parameter and state estimator is presented which fills this need. The filter is based on a particular canonical form for the state-space equations of a linear system which allows the parameters and states to be estimated separately using two linear estimators. If an innovations model is used, the steady-state Kalman filter gains can be estimated and thus, during steady-state operation, the estimates of the states can be easily obtained. Numerical exampies are presented which demonstrate the increased robustness and speed of the proposed linear estimator over the extended Kalman filter.
PARTY REALIGNMENT AND CONGRESSIONAL CHANGE Issue Dimensions and Priorities in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1871-1893

This study conceptualizes party realignment in terms of interrelated and durable shifts on four “levels”. Several ways in which these levels may relate to one another are suggested, including the possibility of discontinuities among them. The study focuses on elite party composition and balance and roll-call behavior in the U. S. House of Representatives in the period between the Civil War and the 1890s. It concludes that a “minor” party realignment occurred between 1873 and 1877, that veterans' shifts from their previous positions and an influx of Democratic newcomers were major factors effecting Congressional policy-behavior change at that time, but that elite party balance conducive to policy stalemate or complex compromises and Congressional reluctance to embrace some potentially polarizing issues were obstacles to a “major” realignment.
Feature selection and analysis on mammogram classification

Automatic mammogram analysis is important in early breast cancer detection. In this paper, we present a multi-resolution approach to automated classification of mammograms using Gabor filters. Specifically, Gabor filters of different frequencies and orientations have been used to extract textual patterns of mammograms. To increase classification efficiency and reduce feature space, statistic t-test and its p-values for feature selection and weighting are proposed. Experimental results show that Gabor filters are able to extract textual patterns of mammograms, statistical-based feature selection and weighting can be used to further reduce the feature space without degrading the classification performance.
Will the Department of Labor Find the Missing Fiduciary Link

Within 90 days, the Department of Labor (DOL) will substantially expand the definition of “fiduciary” under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). In large part the traditional five-part test from 1975 has been discarded, and some form of the new two-prong test will become the rule. The proposed regulations are the first such changes in almost 35 years and will drastically change the relationship of investment advisors and entities with plan sponsors subject to Title I of ERISA or plans, persons and entities subject to Sec. 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (among other amendments, ERISA added Code Sec. 4975 imposing an excise tax on certain “prohibited transactions.” The prohibited transactions described in Code Sec. 4975 are substantially similar to prohibited transactions contained in ERISA. Such prohibited transactions will greatly increase under the DOL’s proposed rule). The DOL has a unique opportunity to advance the view that the sole interest rule is unsound, particularly in ...
Synthesis of hydroazafullerene C59HN, the parent hydroheterofullerene

THE electronic and geometric properties of C60 can be perturbed by replacing one or more carbon atoms of the fullerene skeleton with an atom of a different element. Exchange of one carbon atom with nitrogen, a trivalent atom with a lone pair of electrons, produces the azafullerene radical C59N, which is isoelectronic with the C60 radical anion. The process is slightly similar to doping silicon with phosphorus1. We have previously described the synthesis of the azafullerene dimer2; here we report the bulk preparation of the simplest azafullerene, C59HN. The electronic, vibrational and 13C NMR spectroscopic features of C59HN are similar to those of the dimer2, except for the signature of the sp3 (C–H) carbon. C59HN should open the door to a new chemistry of heterofullerenes.
Solvation in supercritical water

Abstract Cochran H.D., Cummings P.T. and Karaborni S., 1992. Solvation in supercritical water. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 71: 1-16. The aim of this work is to determine the solvation structure in supercritical water compared with that in ambient water and in simple supercritical solvents. Molecular dynamics studies have been undertaken of systems that model ionic sodium and chloride, atomic argon, and molecular methanol in supercritical aqueous solutions using the simple point charge model of Berendsen for water. Because of the strong interactions between water and ions, ionic solutes are strongly attractive in supercritical water, forming large regions of increased local water density around each ion comparable to the solvent structures surrounding attractive solutes in simple supercritical fluids. Likewise, the deficit of water molecules surrounding a dissolved argon atom in supercritical aqueous solutions is comparable to that surrounding repulsive solutes in simple supercritical fluids. Methanol appears to be a weakly attractive or even repulsive solute in supercritical water. Only a small number of excess water molecules (if any) surround a methanol molecule in supercritical water, and this becomes a deficit at higher density. The number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule in supercritical water was found to be about one-third the number in ambient water. The number of hydrogen bonds per water molecule surrounding a central particle in supercritical water was only weakly affected by the identity of the central particle — atom, molecule or ion. These results should be helpful in developing a qualitative understanding of important processes which occur in supercritical water.
Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of women in Botswana receiving antiretroviral treatment.

respectively.) Background. The magnitude of infant antiretroviral (ARV) exposure from breast milk is unknown. Methods. We measured concentrations of nevirapine, lamivudine, and zidovudine in serum and whole breast milk from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women in Botswana receiving ARV treatment and serum from their uninfected, breast-feeding infants. Results. Twenty mother-infant pairs were enrolled. Maternal serum concentrations of nevirapine were high (median, 9534 ng/mL at a median of 4 h after nevirapine ingestion). Median breast-milk concentrations of nevirapine, lamivudine, and zidovudine were 0.67, 3.34, and 3.21 times, respectively, those in maternal serum. The median infant serum concentration of nevirapine was 971 ng/mL, at least 40 times the 50% inhibitory concentration and similar to peak concentrations after a single 2-mg/kg dose of nevirapine. The median infant serum concentration of lamivudine was 28 ng/mL, and the median infant serum concentration of zidovudine was 123 ng/mL, but infants were also receiving zidovudine prophylaxis. Conclusions. HIV-1 inhibitory concentrations of nevirapine are achieved in breast-feeding infants of mothers receiving these ARVs, exposing infants to the potential for beneficial and adverse effects of nevirapine ingestion. Further study is needed to understand the impact of maternal ARV treatment on breast-feeding HIV-1 transmission, infant toxicity, and HIV-1 resistance mutations among infected infants.
Families of orthonormalization algorithms

In the development of adaptive systems in control theory and signal processing, it frequently occurs that the problem of orthonormalization must be addressed. This paper explored the underlying mathematical framework of developing orthonormalization methods that are free of computing matrix square roots. These algorithms are easily modified so that minor and principal component analysis methods are developed. The proposed methods have several important features: 1) higher order convergence can be achieved by choosing a specific stepsize, 2) the methods can be used to compute square root of positive definite matrices.
CLATHRIN-COATED VESICLE FORMATION AND PROTEIN SORTING: An Integrated Process

Clathrin-coated vesicles were the first discovered and remain the most extensively characterized transport vesicles. They mediate endocytosis of transmembrane receptors and transport of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolases from the trans-Golgi network to the lysosome. Cell-free assays for coat assembly, membrane binding, and coated vesicle budding have provided detailed functional and structural information about how the major coat constituents, clathrin and the adaptor protein complexes, interact with each other, with membranes, and with the sorting signals found on cargo molecules. Coat constituents not only serve to shape the budding vesicle, but also play a direct role in the packaging of cargo, suggesting that protein sorting and vesicle budding are functionally integrated. The functional interplay between the coated vesicle machinery and its cargo could ensure sorting fidelity and packaging efficiency and might enable modulation of vesicular trafficking in response to demand.
Multitemporal Kauth-Thomas change detection of the Appalachain Trail Corridor in 17 New England counties

The Appalachian Trail (AT) is a continuous scenic footpath that stretches 3,400 km from Maine to Georgia. This analysis provides much-needed land cover change information to conservation efforts along the trail corridor. The study area is a 16 km-wide, 1,339,495 ha corridor centered the AT and the five New England states (ME, NH, VT, CT, and MA). Ten circa-1990 and circa-2000 scenes (fixe per date) from NASA's global orthorectified Landsat data set provided cloud-free coverage. Multitemporal (1990/2000) Kauth-Thomas and 1990 single-date Kauth-Thomas transforms served as inputs in a two-tiered unsupervised classification scheme (k-means). Analysts identified a disturbed natural vegetation class that was spatially and spectrally distinct from agricultural crop cycles, drought, and disease. Overall disturbance for New England from 1990-2000 is estimated at 28,383 ha, 2.17% of total corridor land. Preliminary fine resolution disturbance maps and county-level statistics have been useful to both the National Park Service and the Appalachian Trail Council.
ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation of thermal stability of a Cu3(BTC)2 metal–organic framework

The thermal stability of a dehydrated Cu3(BTC)2 (copper(II) benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylate) metal–organic framework was studied by molecular dynamics simulation with a ReaxFF reactive force field. The results show that Cu3(BTC)2 is thermally stable up to 565 K. When the temperature increases between 600 K and 700 K, the framework starts to partially collapse. The RDF analysis shows that the long range correlations between Cu dimers disappear, indicating the loss of the main channels of Cu3(BTC)2. When the temperature is above 800 K, we find the decomposition of the Cu3(BTC)2 framework. CO is the major product, and we also observe the release of CO2, O2, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (C6H3(CO2)3, BTC) and glassy carbon. The Cu dimer is stable up to 1100 K, but we find the formation of new copper oxide clusters at 1100 K. These results are consistent with experimental findings, and provide valuable information for future theoretical investigations of Cu3(BTC)2 and its application in adsorption, separation and catalytic processes.
Melatonin Treatment for Insomnia in Pediatric Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).DATA SOURCESLiterature was accessed through MEDLINE (1948-August 2009), EMBASE (1950-August 2009), and Scopus (1960-August 2009) using the terms melatonin, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), pediatric, insomnia, sleep disorder, and sleep. In addition, reference citations from publications identified were reviewed for relevant information.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONAll English-language articles and human studies were identified and evaluated. Results from all identified randomized trials (n = 5), safety studies (n = 1), long-term follow-up studies (n = 1), post hoc retrospective analyses (n = 1), meta-analyses (n = 2), review articles (n = 9), and letters (n = 1) were summarized.DATA SYNTHESISPediatric insomnia is prevalent in children with ADHD and impacts academic performance, social functioning, overall health, and family...
Expectations Equilibria with Dispersed Information: Existence with Approximate Rationality in a Model with a Continuum of Agents and Finitely Many States of the World

A model of a large economy in which prices transmit information (about the "state of the world" which is an argument in consumers' utility functions) from more informed to less informed agents is analysed. The basic hypothesis is that the forecast functions of imperfectly informed agents are suitably dispersed. For any such distribution of forecasts, market clearing prices exist. Moreover, there is always an equilibrium in which each agent's expectations are approximately rational.
Metabonomics in Toxicology: A Review

Metabonomics and its many pseudonyms (metabolomics, metabolic profiling, etc.) have exploded onto the scientific scene in the past 2 to 3 years. Nowhere has the impact been more profound than within the toxicology community. Within this community there exists a great deal of uncertainty about whether metabonomics is something to count on or just the most recent technological flash in the pan. Much of the uncertainty is due to unfamiliarity with analytical and chemometric facets of the technology and the attendant fear of any "black-box." With those fears in mind, metabonomics technology is reviewed with particular emphasis on toxicologic applications in preclinical drug development. The jargon, logistics, and applications of the technology are covered in some detail with emphasis on recent work in the field.
Computer-Aided Study of Literary Language

Work in artificial intelligence and the speed and flexibility of electronic storage offer potential solutions to the special problems encountered in describing the language of literature.
Diagnosis and psychiatric treatment of athletes.

Although enormous amounts of time arid money have been invested in enhancing performance for college and professional athletes, their psychiatric needs have been minimally addressed. Given the virtual absence of controlled scientific literature, in this article the authors detail the diagnostic issues and delineate treatment principles, including: (1) making an accurate diagnosis; (2) setting realistic goals; (3) delivering psycho-education; (4) inducing the patient to undergo treatment, including involving the family and significant others; and (5) delivering appropriate treatment (the most difficult task). The objective is to improve performance and quality of life by treating the problem or psychiatric illness. A special concern is minimizing countertransference feelings and avoiding under-treatment, because by definition the athlete needs to perform.
Peptide-stimulated angiogenesis: Role of lung endothelial caveolar signaling and nitric oxide

Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)-derived NO plays a critical role in the modulation of angiogenesis in the pulmonary vasculature. We recently reported that an eleven amino acid (SSWRRKRKESS) cell penetrating synthetic peptide (P1) activates caveolar signaling, caveloae/eNOS dissociation, and enhance NO production in lung endothelial cells (EC). This study examines whether P1 promote angiogenesis via modulation of caveolar signaling and the level of NO generation in EC and pulmonary artery (PA) segments. P1-enhanced tube formation and cell sprouting were abolished by caveolae disruptor Filipin (FIL) in EC and PA, respectively. P1 enhanced eNOS activity and angiogenesis were attenuated by inhibition of eNOS as well as PLCγ-1, PKC-α but not PI3K-mediated caveolar signaling in intact EC and/or PA. P1 failed to enhance the catalytic activity of eNOS and angiogenesis in caveolae disrupted EC by FIL. Lower (0.01 mM) concentration of NOC-18 enhanced angiogenesis without inhibition of eNOS activity whereas higher concentration of NOC-18 (1.0 mM) inhibited eNOS activity and angiogenesis in EC. Inhibition of eNOS by l-NAME in the presence of P1 resulted in near total loss of tube formation in EC. Although P1 enhanced angiogenesis mimicked only by lower concentrations of NO generated by NOC-18, this response is independent of caveolar signaling/integrity. These results suggest that P1-enhanced angiogenesis is regulated by dynamic process involving caveolar signaling-mediated increased eNOS/NO activity or by the direct exposure to NOC-18 generating only physiologic range of NO independent of caveolae in lung EC and PA segments.
Use of the Flame Photometer for Determining the Sodium,Potassium and Calcium Content of Wine

1. The methods of using the Perkin-Elmer flame photometer for the determination of the sodium, potassium, amd calcium content of wines have been described. 2. The sodium content of 146 California table and dessert wines has been measured. It varies from 26 to 400 mg. per liter, average 85, and is generally lower in table wines than in dessert wines. Evidence is presented showing that all the wines of a winery may be high in sodium-probably indicating that sodium metabisulfite has been used by the winery. 3. Excellent agreement was obtained in duplicate asked samples for potassium. The potassium content of 71 California table and dessert wines ranges from 0.050 to 0.153 gr per 100 ml., average 0.092. The average potassium content of our table wines is slightly over 0.1 per cent, and slightly under this figure for the dessert wines. 4. The determination of calcium in wine by the flame photometer is complicated by the interference of both potassium and sodium, necessitating introduction of appropriate correction. In 70 California table and dessert wines the calcium content ranges from 6 to 71 mg. per liter, average 40. These values are lower than previously reported values.
Modeling Low Impact Development Alternatives with SWMM

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Water is actively promoting the use of Low Impact Development (LID) practices to help protect and restore …
Locally Recurrent Functions

(1962). Locally Recurrent Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 69, No. 3, pp. 199-206.
Simulations of Composite Solid Propellant Combustion with and without Internal Burning

The combustion of composite solid propellant inherently involves multi-scale coupled ∞uid-solid interactions, and dynamically and irregularly evolving interface due to physical and chemical reactive activities at the interface. For such dynamically coupled physical phenomena, a coupled ∞uid-solid interaction code has been developed. Compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved in gas phase by flnite volume method, and it is coupled to a Lagrangian solid phase solver using the meshfree particle method. The evolution of ∞uid-solid interface is captured by a level-set method, and the coupling between ∞uid and solid phases is achieved by a cut-cell approach using marching cube procedure. Conservative meshfree interpolation technique is employed in evaluating ∞uxes at the cut-face of the interface-neighbouring cells, which are non-hexahedral cells formed by the cut-cell procedure. In this paper, the computed regression rates of pure AP combustion at various pressure levels are validated against experimental data. Results for 2D AP/binder random packed combustion for various pressure levels are presented along with a study of the structure of reaction zones and surface topology. Then, ∞ow structure developed in the gas phase inside AP propellants with a pre-embedded hot fragment is discussed.
Milnacipran in provoked vestibulodynia: efficacy and predictors of treatment success.

Objective This study aimed to collect preliminary evidence on the efficacy of milnacipran in reducing pain in women with provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) and to identify which patient characteristics predict treatment success. Materials and methods A 12-week open-label trial was conducted in 22 women with PVD. The Pain Rating Index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire was the primary outcome measure. Other outcome measures included daily diaries, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Female Sexual Function Index, Brief Pain Inventory, a personal or family history of fibromyalgia, and PVD subtype. Results Milnacipran (50-200 mg/d) significantly reduced pain severity on the Pain Rating Index (p = .001), coital pain (p = .001), tampon pain (p = .003), and mean vulvar pain (p ≤ .001). Scores were also decreased on the Beck Depression Inventory (p = .015), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (p = .046), and Brief Pain Inventory (p = .019) and increased on the Female Sexual Function Index (p = .004). Fibromyalgia history, PVD subtype, presence of depression or anxiety, and level of impairment did not affect treatment response. By logistic regression analysis, it was noted that the odds of treatment success was 3 times higher among women who, at pretreatment, had a sexually satisfying relationship compared to those who did not (odds ratio = 3.30, confidence interval = 1.04-10.50, p = .043). Conclusions Milnacipran significantly reduced vestibular pain in women with PVD. Treatment success was predicted by pretreatment sexual satisfaction. A larger randomized controlled trial is necessary to confirm the efficacy of milnacipran in PVD and to identify other possible predictors of treatment outcome.
A Decision Support Tool for Flow Contingency Management

This paper describes a prototype capability for Flow Contingency Management, a component of strategic Traffic Flow Management decision making in the Next Generation Air Transportation System. The Flow Contingency Management concept and associated capabilities described in this paper aim to address current shortfalls in today’s strategic planning process, namely the lack of integrated information, simulation and evaluation capabilities provided to decision makers. Specifically, the proposed prototype integrates the traffic and weather forecasts and further translates these predictions into forecasts of system impact, addressing a gap in today’s operating environment. Viewing the integrated forecast, decision makers can simulate and evaluate proposed congestion-mitigation strategies prior to implementation and quantitatively compare different options before enacting a given plan. As such, the prototype provides an integrated problem identification and quantitative what-if analysis capability for strategic traffic flow management. The paper reviews the overall concept and associated modeling framework, highlighting aspects of the model that address difficulties inherent to traffic flow management planning in the strategic timeframe. To illustrate the proposed decision making process, an example weather and traffic situation, taken from historic data, is simulated and the results highlight the envisioned operational benefits for strategic traffic flow management decision making.
Antibodies to genital herpesvirus in patients with carcinoma of the cervix.

Herpesvirus type 2, which infects primarily genital sites, has been implicated as a possible carcinogen in carcinoma of the cervix. In the present study, antibodies to the virus were found among 83 per cent of women with invasive carcinoma and in about one third of women with carcinoma in situ. Antibodies were found in 22 and 9 per cent of control groups of women from lower and higher socioeconomic classes, respectively. Analysis of the occurrence of antibodies by age among women with carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma suggests that the acquisition of the antibodies precedes rather than follows the development of the neoplastic changes.
WE-DE-206-03: MRI Image Formation - Slice Selection, Phase Encoding, Frequency Encoding, K-Space, SNR

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential part of clinical imaging due to its ability to render high soft tissue contrast. Instead of ionizing radiation, MRI use strong magnetic field, radio frequency waves and field gradients to create diagnostic useful images. It can be used to image the anatomy and also functional and physiological activities within the human body. Knowledge of the basic physical principles underlying MRI acquisition is vitally important to successful image production and proper image interpretation. This lecture will give an overview of the spin physics, imaging principle of MRI, the hardware of the MRI scanner, and various pulse sequences and their applications. It aims to provide a conceptual foundation to understand the image formation process of a clinical MRI scanner. Learning Objectives: 2. Understand the origin of the MR signal and contrast from the spin physics level. 3. Understand the main hardware components of a MRI scanner and their purposes 4. Understand steps for MR image formation including spatial encoding and image reconstruction 5. Understand the main kinds of MR pulse sequences and their characteristics.
Optimal Design of a Normal Force Controller

Abstract The ride heights (roll, pitch, and heave) and the normal force distribution control problem is considered for an automobile using an active suspension system. A nonlinear vehicle model is linearized at a straight driving operating point and an H optimal controller is designed for the linear model using a computer package. The resulting controller is applied to the original nonlinear model and the closed-loop system is simulated for different operating conditions.
Energy ratio of reflected and refracted seismic waves

The investigation of amplitudes of elastic waves passing through layers of the earth, either in earthquakes or from artificial explosions, requires a knowledge of the distribution of energy at points of reflection or refraction, and also of the ratio between the amplitudes arriving at the surface of the earth and the displacements of the ground there. Some fundamental theoretical problems involved are discussed (section II) and typical curves for the quantities mentioned are given (section III).
Tribological behavior and wettability of spray-coated superhydrophobic coatings on aluminum

Abstract Superhydrophobic surfaces that mimic surfaces found in nature, such as the lotus leaf, are an attractive research topic in various fields of study because of their numerous applications. More recent studies have focused on superhydrophobic surfaces that reduce or completely stop the accretion of ice and snow on power lines and aircraft that operate in cold regions. The superhydrophobic phenomena is usually achieved by creating a dual-scale roughness that is composed of micro- and nano-scale structures that trap air in-between themselves and reduce the surface energy of the textured surface. The objective of this study was to assess the tribological behavior of micro/nano particle based superhydrophobic coating mixtures composed of PTFE, composite PTFE/PEEK, diatomaceous earth (DE), and composite PTFE/ZnO that can be potential candidates for anti-wetting and anti-icing applications for transportation systems. A contact profilometer was used to measure and characterize the average roughness and thickness of coatings. Coating wettability was assessed by measuring the tangent-line contact angle of static water drops on coated surfaces. Friction and cyclic abrasive wear tests were conducted via ball-on-flat tribometer using a spherical tungsten probe at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the coatings and identify the wear mechanisms. The results showed that all coatings except ZnO/PTFE exhibited superhydrophobicity. Abrasive wear mechanisms were the dominant modes for the coatings. PTFE and ZnO/PTFE coatings displayed good wear resistance, superior to that of the DE and PTFE/PEEK coatings.
Outcomes After Transplantation of Donor Hearts With Improving Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Abstract Background Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) accounts for almost 25% of nonacceptance of potential donor hearts. Previous smaller, single-center studies showed that LVSD following brain death may be transient, and such hearts can be successfully resuscitated with resolution of LVSD, then transplanted. Objectives This study evaluated outcomes of donor hearts with LVSD on initial transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) that resolved during donor management. Methods We reviewed echocardiograms of all cardiac donors in the United Network of Organ Sharing database that were transplanted from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2015, and identified 472 donor hearts with LVSD (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤40%) on initial TTE that resolved (LVEF ≥50%) during donor management on a subsequent TTE. These patients comprised the improved donor LVEF group. These were compared with donor hearts with normal LVEF (LVEF ≥55%) on the initial TTE for recipient mortality, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), and primary graft failure (PGF). Results There was no significant difference in recipient mortality at 30 days, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years of follow-up, nor any difference in rates of PGF at 90 days and CAV at 5 years between recipients of donor hearts with improved LVEF and recipients of donor hearts with initially normal LVEF. Post-transplant length of stay was also similar between the 2 groups. Using propensity scores, 461 transplants in the improved-donor LVEF group were matched to 461 transplants in the normal-donor LVEF group. There was no significant difference in PGF at 90 days or recipient mortality after up to 5 years of follow-up. Conclusions In the largest analysis of donor hearts with transient LVSD, we found that such hearts can be successfully resuscitated and transplanted without increasing recipient mortality, CAV, or PGF. These results underscore the importance of appropriate donor management and should help to increase utilization of donor hearts with transient LVSD.
CAD-CAM high-density polymer implant-supported fixed diagnostic prostheses

Abstract Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) complete-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses have become popular in recent years and offer several advantages over traditional fabrication techniques. However, they also present challenges, and careful treatment planning is required, particularly for zirconia implant-supported fixed prostheses layered with feldspathic porcelain. This clinical report describes the use of a CAD-CAM high-density polymer implant-supported diagnostic prosthesis to verify the accuracy of the implant impression and evaluate the maxillomandibular relationship, esthetics, and phonetics of the planned CAD-CAM definitive implant-supported fixed prosthesis before CAM processing.
Enhancing Cas9 Activity in Heterochromatin

Recently, we demonstrated that closed, silenced chromatin impedes CRISPR/Cas9 editing by reducing the accessibility of DNA to Cas9/sgRNA binding at a chromosomal Tk-luciferase transgene. Our investigation of the underlying mechanism showed that disruption of chromatin through knock-down of the Polycomb complex enhanced Cas9-mediated editing but that over expression of the gene at the target site impeded Cas9 activity. Thus, further research is needed to establish chromatin manipulation as a practical tool for gene editing. Here, we compared two general methods for inducing an open, non-silenced state to enhance Cas9 e ciency: chromatin-disrupting inhibitor drugs and transient expression of site-speci c chromatin-modifying proteins. We explored the mechanism of enhanced editing at arti cially opened chromatin in HEK293 cells using deep sequencing of edited DNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) of histone modi cations. In both cases, we observed loss of the silencing mark histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), while only treatment with the site-speci c, fusion transcriptional activator Gal4-p65 resulted in an increase in target gene expression. Our results rea rm the previous observation that Gal4-p65-induced over-expression impedes Cas9 activity. We show that a recovery period of 9 days after Gal4-p65 expression generates a more Cas9-permissive state. Cas9 activity was fully restored following local modi cation of chromatin with transiently expressed Gal4-p65 at a site near the promoter and no enhancement with the small molecule chromatin inhibitor UNC1999. These results, based on ectopic chromatin at a chromosomal transgene, implicate activator-mediated chromatin remodeling as an e ective method to enhance Cas9 editing at closed chromatin.
Does Partisan Self-interest Dictate Support for Election Reform? Experimental Evidence on the Willingness of Citizens to Alter the Costs of Voting for Electoral Gain

Elite support for modifying electoral institutions and policies generally depends on whether a proposed change is expected to improve their party’s electoral prospects. Prior studies suggest that the average citizen evaluates potential reforms in a similar manner, but they fail to directly demonstrate that individuals actually consider their partisan self-interest when forming policy preferences. I address this limitation through two survey experiments that manipulate the specific group for whom reforms make voting more or less difficult. The results provide strong causal evidence that individuals update their attitudes as expected in response to that information. Members of both parties consistently express greater support for changes when framed as advancing their party’s electoral prospects than when characterized as benefiting their opponents. The findings have important implications for the constraints faced by political actors in gaming the electoral system in their favor and for understanding the role of self-interest in shaping policy attitudes.