cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IL-10 Overexpression Decreases Inflammatory Mediators and Promotes Regenerative Healing in an Adult Model of Scar Formation

Adult wound healing is characterized by an exuberant inflammatory response and scar formation. In contrast, scarless fetal wound healing has diminished inflammation, a lack of fibroplasia, and restoration of normal architecture. We have previously shown that fetal wounds produce less inflammatory cytokines, and the absence of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, results in fetal scar formation. We hypothesized that increased IL-10 would decrease inflammation and create an environment conducive for regenerative healing in the adult. To test this hypothesis, a lentiviral vector expressing IL-10 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Lenti-IL-10) or GFP alone (Lenti-GFP) was injected at the wound site 48hours before wounding. We found that both Lenti-IL-10 and Lenti-GFP were expressed in the wounds at 1 and 3 days post wounding. At 3 days, Lenti-IL-10-treated wounds demonstrated decreased inflammation and decreased quantities of all proinflammatory mediators analyzed with statistically different levels of IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and heat-shock protein 47. At 3 weeks, Lenti-GFP wounds demonstrated scar formation. In contrast, wounds injected with Lenti-IL-10 demonstrated decreased inflammation, a lack of abnormal collagen deposition, and restoration of normal dermal architecture. We conclude that lentivirus-mediated overexpression of IL-10 decreases the inflammatory response to injury, creating an environment conducive for regenerative adult wound healing.
A study of single particle–target surface interactions along a specimen in the Coriolis slurry erosion tester

Abstract The Coriolis test is used for evaluating the slurry erosion behaviour of materials. Experiments with a model single glass bead-in-water “slurry” have revealed the nature of, and extent of damage at, all contact sites along a soft copper specimen surface. The results confirm previous theoretical predictions that in the Coriolis test mode erodent particles interact with the specimen in a series of low angle impacts of decreasing angle, rebound height and normal velocity component along the specimen.
Running rabbit clinics

ABSTRACT:Rabbits are the third most popular pet within the UK and rabbit clinics are an ideal way to educate owners on the correct care required for their pet and also to bond the client to the practice.This article looks at setting up rabbit clinics, what rabbit health and care topics should be discussed with clients, and what should be checked during the physical examination of the rabbit.
Bose-Einstein condensation in biological systems

Abstract Biological systems contain dipolar elements which are capable of electric oscillations at certain specific frequencies. Longitudinal electric modes in a frequency range of 10 11 –10 12 s −1 are typical. Frohlich has suggested that if energy is supplied above a critical rate to the branch or branches of electric modes, Bose-Einstein condensation into the lowest energy state occurs. This phenomenon possibly represents a channel for various life processes such as cell division and protein synthesis. Frohlich's model is analyzed utilizing microscopic techniques, and it is subsequently concluded that Bose condensation in biosystems may occur under certain conditions.
Comments on “Anonymous reviews”

I recently read four letters in Eos against anonymous reviews and zero letters for. I feel the need to add one to zero. When I started reviewing manuscripts, I had the ethical choice of whether or not to sign my name. After some thought, I decided I would not. Today, I feel the same for the same reason: I do not want people to think about who I am; I want them to think about what I write. R.E. Criss and A.M. Hofmeister would have me throw off my “cloak of secrecy—the costume of crooks.” Would seeing my face make my argument clearer or is it an excuse to judge the messenger?
Intrauterine devices: mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy.

The IUD represents a safe effective contraceptive choice for millions of US women with a low risk of sexually transmitted diseases. The first-year failure rates of the IUDs currently available in the US--the Copper T 380A and the progesterone-releasing IUD--are 0.7% and 2% respectively. Despite the effectiveness of the IUD this method is used by only 1% of US women. Obstacles to more widespread use include the belief the IUD is an abortifacient and safety concerns. Recent epidemiologic and biochemical studies indicate that copper-bearing IUDs do not act primarily as abortifacients. Rather the IUD prevents pregnancy by stimulating a sterile inflammatory response in the uterine cavity that is toxic to sperm and possibly to ova. All IUDs alter the composition of uterine fluid and the morphology of the endometrium stimulating a cytotoxic inflammatory reaction that is spermicidal and makes fertilization unlikely. The risk of ectopic pregnancy among users of the Copper T 380A is at least 90% lower than the risk among sexually active women who use no contraception. Finally most of the concerns about IUDs including an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease relate to the Dalkon Shield device which is no longer in use.
Gαo/i and Gαs Signaling Function in Parallel with the MSP/Eph Receptor to Control Meiotic Diapause in C. elegans

Summary Background A conserved biological feature of sexual reproduction in animals is that oocytes arrest in meiotic prophase and resume meiosis in response to extraovarian signals. In C. elegans , sperm trigger meiotic resumption by means of the major sperm protein (MSP) signal. MSP promotes meiotic resumption by functioning as an ephrin-signaling antagonist and by counteracting inhibitory inputs from the somatic gonadal sheath cells. Results By using a genome-wide RNAi screen in a female-sterile genetic background, we identified 17 conserved genes that maintain meiotic arrest in the absence of the MSP signal. In vitro binding experiments show that MSP promotes oocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and meiotic maturation in part through direct interaction with the VAB-1 Eph receptor. Four conserved proteins, including a disabled protein (DAB-1), a vav family GEF (VAV-1), a protein kinase C (PKC-1), and a STAM homolog (PQN-19), function with the VAB-1 Eph/MSP receptor in oocytes. We show that antagonistic Gα o/i and Gα s signaling pathways function in the soma to regulate meiotic maturation in parallel to the VAB-1 pathway. Gα s activity is necessary and sufficient to promote meiotic maturation, which it does in part by antagonizing inhibitory sheath/oocyte gap-junctional communication. Conclusions Our findings show that oocyte Eph receptor and somatic cell G protein signaling pathways control meiotic diapause in C. elegans , highlighting contrasts and parallels between MSP signaling in C. elegans and luteinizing hormone signaling in mammals.
Non-malignant neutropenia

Neutropenia occurs when the production of neutrophils by the bone marrow is outpaced by utilization in the periphery. Abnormalities of hematopoietic stem-cell development and decreased proliferation of neutrophil precursors in the marrow can reduce production of neutrophils. Conversely, decreased neutrophil survival in the peripheral circulation can also give rise to neutropenia. Non-malignant neutropenia of acute onset can be caused by infection, antibody-mediated destruction, or an idiosyncratic reaction to a drug. Severe chronic neutropenia is a global, descriptive term for several disorders of varied etiologies in which neutrophil levels are consistently or recurrently at levels less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L. Despite this heterogeneity of origin, administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor to individuals with severe chronic neutropenia results in an increase in neutrophil counts in most patients associated with a significantly improved quality of life.
Managing service requests with common renewable resources

This article discusses managing fulfillment of requests for services that have dependencies on common human and computing resources. The objective of this research is to minimize the duration of a group of requests that utilize partially overlapping sets of renewable resources. Minimizing the latency between the fulfillments is a critical design consideration in managing these requests. A reduction in latency could lead to the minimization of the total span of a group of requests, and is the key to achieving high levels of a resource's usage and cost-effective process management. It is evident that these latency problems must be either drastically reduced or effectively hidden. The approach described in this article is an interesting hybrid of the two, providing both the significant latency reduction, as well as the mechanism for hiding some of remaining delays.
Some thermal problems associated with magma migration

Abstract The mechanisms by which magma migrates from the point in the earth's interior where melting occurs to the earth's surface are poorly understood. In this paper several aspects of this problem are examined. Magma can migrate upward due to its differential buoyancy on the scale of crystalline grains or as large dispairs. Magma transport is an effective means of heat transport. Magma transport at a rate of 0.15 cm/yr is equivalent to a heat flow of 10 -6 cal/cm 2 s. If magma encounters country rock witha lower melting point the original magma is likely to solidify while melting the country rock. This would be an effective mechanism of purging silicic rocks and incomparable elements from the lower crust. Under some circumstances magma must penetrate up to 100 km or more of cold lithospheric rock. In order for this magma to reach the surface without solidification a heated path must be provided. The heating of this path requires the solidification of some magma. It is estimated that magma penetrates the lithosphere in about 5000 years and that the crack is lined by several hundred meters of frozen basalt.
Increasing Ca2+ transients by broadening postsynaptic action potentials enhances timing-dependent synaptic depression

Repeated induction of pre- and postsynaptic action potentials (APs) at a fixed time difference leads to long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) of the synapse, depending on the temporal order of pre- and postsynaptic activity. This phenomenon of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is believed to arise by nonlinear processes that lead to larger calcium transients (and thus LTP) when presynaptic APs precede postsynaptic APs and smaller calcium transients (and thus LTD) when postsynaptic APs precede presynaptic APs. In contrast to predictions from such calcium-peak-detector models, we show that constitutively or artificially broadened APs in layer II/III pyramidal cells of entorhinal cortex (EC) lead to an increase in the dendritic calcium transient and shift the balance of STDP toward LTD. STDP in entorhinal pyramidal cells is NMDA-receptor-dependent and modulated by the CaV1Ca2+ channel-blocker nifedipine. Results are consistent with an elaboration of the calcium-peak-detector model in which downstream signals from voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels suppress LTP relative to LTD. Our results suggest that modulation of AP width is a potent way to adjust the rules of synaptic plasticity in the EC.
Review of dental materials citations: Part A, January to June 1995.

Abstract Objective: Electronic databases are an excellent resource for identifying relevant references for research and education projects. However, these databases are not yet a substitute for direct inspection of the literature because: (a) there still is a lag of many months between journal issue publication and updates of the database, and (b) most databases selectively report a portion of the entire literature. The objective was to identify and categorize all the dental materials citations in biomedical journals that were published from January 1995 through June 1995. Methods: Seventeen primary and 56 secondary dental journals were manually searched via their tables of contents to detect dental materials publications from January to June of 1995. Dental materials citations were categorized into 17 major sections and further divided into several subsections. The review excluded case reports and literature primarily related to dental implants or biomedical materials outside of dentistry. Results: Three hundred-sixty-nine citations were identified. The greatest number of citations were associated with dentin bonding, composites, and glass ionomers. There was no significant increase in dental materials publications vs. the number reported for 1994. Significance: This list provides a comprehensive source for review by academicians and researchers to bridge the gap between initial publication and electronic citation.
Trans-complementation by human apurinic endonuclease (Ape) of hypersensitivity to DNa damage and spontaneous mutator phenotype in apn 1- yeast

Abasic (AP) sites in DNA are potentially lethal and mutagenic. 'Class II' AP endonucleases initiate the repair of these and other DNA lesions. In yeast, the predominant enzyme of this type is Apn1, and its elimination sensitizes the cells to killing by simple alkylating agents or oxidants, and raises the rate of spontaneous mutation. We investigated the ability of the major human class II AP endonuclease, Ape, which is structurally unrelated to Apn1, to replace the yeast enzyme in vivo. Confocal immunomicroscopy studies indicate that approximately 25% of the Ape expressed in yeast is present in the nucleus. High-level Ape expression corresponding to approximately 7000 molecules per nucleus, equal to the normal Apn1 copy number, restored resistance to methyl methanesulfonate to near wild-type levels in Apn1-deficient (apn1-) yeast. Ape expression in apn1- yeast provided little protection against H2O2 challenges, consistent with the weak 3'-repair diesterase activity of the human enzyme. Ape expression at approximately 2000 molecules per nucleus reduced the spontaneous mutation rate of apn1- yeast to that seen for wild-type cells. Because Ape has a powerful AP endonuclease but weak 3'-diesterase activity, these findings indicate that endogenously generated AP sites can drive spontaneous mutagenesis.
Modelling of chain twist boundaries in poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a mechanism for ferroelectric polarization

Abstract It is assumed that the process of ferroelectric polarization of the beta phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) in response to the action of the external electric field in direction perpendicular to the molecular axis and to the film, involves movement of the chain twist boundaries. These boundaries, at which every chain is twisted by 180 degrees, separate domains of opposite polarization. The energy barriers that are surmounted as the boundary was advanced one repeat unit were calculated and compared with the energy gained by reversing the polarization of an unfavourably oriented repeat unit in an electric field that produces polarization in PVF2. It is suggested that the movement of chain twist boundaries, in contradistinction to previously postulated models in which only one chain is twisted at a time, provides a model for the poling of PVF2 that is feasible energetically and kinetically. Theoretical modelling, analogous to that for Bloch wall that separates domains in magnetic materials, suggest that the process of polarization might be described either as a diffusion process or as the propagation of a soliton along the chains.
Rockesonde Evidence for a Stratospheric Temperature Decrease in the Western Hemisphere during 1973 85

Abstract Rocketsonde temperatures for the 26–35 km layer have been compared with nearby radiosonde temperatures at 10 mb (30 km), confirming that during the early 1970s the rocketsonde temperatures cooled appreciably relative to radiosonde temperature apparently due mostly to changes in rocketsonde type. Accordingly, rocketsonde-derived temperature variations cannot be considered representative until at least 1973. Temperature variations during 1973–85 have been determined from mainly western hemisphere rocketsonde data for 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55 km layers of north polar, north temperate, north subtropical and equatorial zone as well as the 26–55 km layer as a whole and the western hemisphere as a whole. Based on linear regression, during this interval western hemisphere temperatures decreased by about 0.5°, 1.5° and 2.5°C/10 yr in the 26–35, 36–45 and 46–55 km layer respectively, the latter two decreases significant at the 5% level. However, radiosonde temperatures in the low stratosphere suggest that th...
Social Determinants of Successful Weight Loss: An Analysis of Behavioral Intentions and Actual Behavior

A prospective study associating prior beliefs with actual behaviors explored the relationship of behavioral intentions to success in weight reduction. Survey questionnaires were mailed to prospective clients of a weight-reduction clinic immediately prior to their beginning treatment. Questionnaires were returned by 115 female respondents who actually began the weight loss program. Of the 115 clients, 79 completed 6 weeks of the program, and 36 left the program in less than 6 weeks. Perceived social norms were significantly associated with behavioral intentions and with actual weight loss, whereas perceived personal consequences were not related to either behavioral intentions or actual behavior. The perceived expectations of close friends were the normative beliefs most predictive of weight-loss behavior.
Respiratory failure from metastatic choriocarcinoma : A survivor of mechanical ventilation

A patient with respiratory failure from metastatic choriocarcinoma was treated with mechanical ventilation while receiving chemotherapy with etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine. The patient recovered from respiratory failure with the assistance of standard mechanical ventilation using low tidal volumes. The patient has sustained clinical remission with normal respiratory function. Mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes and a pressure-targeted approach should be considered in the patient who develops early respiratory failure from metastatic choriocarcinoma.
Control of growth of Hydra cultures by tissue potassium.

Abstract 1. 1. The growth rate of cultures of Hydra viridis decreases with increasing osmotic pressure of the culture medium. 2. 2. Osmotically produced depression of growth is associated with a decrease in tissue K content.
Congo and Korea: a study in divergence

The growth experiences of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Korea over the last several decades have been polar opposites. Despite this divergence in economic outcomes, the two countries shared some initial similarities including very low income, high population growth rates, harsh colonial regimes, military coups and Cold War politics. There were also important initial differences in population density, ethnolinguistic diversity, natural resource endowments and geography. Given its enormous mineral wealth, economic prospects initially appeared brighter in the Congo than in Korea to most contemporary observers. This paper explores the possible causes of divergences in the two countries by examining initial conditions, economic and demographic trends, geography and governance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The addition of methyllithium to 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutan-1-one-3-thione. The generation and capture of a bishomoenolate anion.

Abstract Methyllithium added to 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutan-1-one-3-thione to produce lithium 3-methylthio-2,2,4,4-tetramethylbicyclo[1.1.0]but-1-oxide. This bishomoenolate was alkylated on carbon by methyl iodide, but retained the bicyclo[1.1.0]butane skeleton when silated with chlorotrimethylsilane. The ease of oxidation of a series of 1,3-diheteroatom substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes was determined.
A Comparison of the Psychosocial Developmental Levels of Traditional Freshman and Nontraditional Freshman Students: Are They Really Different?

Data collected during new-student orientation on nontraditional-age freshman and traditional-age freshman students, who had never before attended an institution of higher education, indicated that there were more psychosocial similarities than differences between them. This research suggests that first-entry nontraditional students experience some of the same needs and concerns in higher education as do their younger peers. Referrals to existing advising services may help these students overcome discouragements and barriers to success in their educational endeavors.
Gender Differences in Distance Estimates When Exposed to Multiple Routes

People frequently are aware of more than one route to cross an environment. Based on prior findings that increased information about a route increases perceived route length, we tested if exposure to multiple routes alters perceptions of length. Participants (6 males and 6 females) were instructed to walk along bending pathways while observing either only the single path designated for them, or with that path and two additional nearby paths also visible. Our results confirm that for males the number of marked routes had no effect on accuracy of route length estimates, but for females estimations were significantly less accurate when more routes were present compared to when only a single route was visible. The findings support that awareness of multiple routes can change length estimates, at least for women.
Pedestrian Simulation Modeling for World Expo 2010 Shanghai

Abstract It is expected that World Expo 2010 Shanghai will attract as many as 600,000 spectators in a normal peak day. The complexity of pedestrian circulations after the Expo's opening will be a challenge to the Expo's efficient operations. A plat in the Expo site was selected for a microscopic pedestrian simulation modeling study, consisting of multiple pavilions with high attractiveness, a variety of spectator service facilities, such as shopping centers, restaurants, and restrooms, and different kinds of pedestrian facilities. The Legion computer simulation package was used for the study. Simulation parameters were calibrated based on statistical analyses on relevant field data sets. Characteristics of Expo spectators' touring actions were presented. Through a comparative analysis on circulations of the Expo spectators and those of game spectators in a stadium and passengers in a metro station, a modeling approach was proposed for the Expo spectators, which was different from the approach to modeling circulations of the game spectators and metro passengers. Simulation results were analyzed and interpreted from the perspective of pedestrian planning and operations for the use of relevant authorities. The simulation study and results helped to prompt measures to improve the study site's planning, engineering design, and operations from the pedestrian circulation perspective. The methodology can be applied to other desired areas of the Expo site with propagation of the preparation for the major event.
Risk Classification with an Adaptive Naive Bayes Kernel Machine Model

Genetic studies of complex traits have uncovered only a small number of risk markers explaining a small fraction of heritability and adding little improvement to disease risk prediction. Standard single marker methods may lack power in selecting informative markers or estimating effects. Most existing methods also typically do not account for nonlinearity. Identifying markers with weak signals and estimating their joint effects among many noninformative markers remains challenging. One potential approach is to group markers based on biological knowledge such as gene structure. If markers in a group tend to have similar effects, proper usage of the group structure could improve power and efficiency in estimation. We propose a two-stage method relating markers to disease risk by taking advantage of known gene-set structures. Imposing a naive Bayes kernel machine (KM) model, we estimate gene-set specific risk models that relate each gene-set to the outcome in stage I. The KM framework efficiently models pote...
Synthesis of p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl- β-d-glucopyranoside, and p-nitrophenyl 6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O- and -4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl- β-d-glucopyranosyl)-α-d-mannopyranoside☆

Abstract A facile synthesis of p -nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4- O -β- d -galactopyranosyl- β- d -glucopyranoside was accomplished by saponification of the product obtained by reaction of 2-acetamido-3,6-di- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-4- O -(2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl- β- d -galactopyranosyl)-α- d -glucopyranosyl chloride and Amberlyst A-26 p -nitrophenoxide. The reaction of p -nitrophenyl 2,3- O -isopropylidene-α- d -mannopyranoside ( 7 ) with the easily accessible 2-methyl-[4,6-di- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-3- O -(2,3,4,6-tetra- O - acetyl-β- d -galactopyranosyl)-α- d -glucopyrano]-[2,1- d ]-2-oxazoline proceeded readily, to give the protected trisaccharide derivative which, on deacetonation, followed by O -deacetylation, produced one of the title trisaccharides, namely, p -nitrophenyl 6- O -(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3- O -β- d -galactopyranosyl-β- d -glucopyranosyl)-α- d -mannopyranoside. Synthesis of the other trisaccharide, p -nitrophenyl 6- O -(2-acetamido- 2-deoxy-4- O -β- d -galactopyranosyl-β- d -glucopyranosyl)-α- d -mannopyranoside was accomplished by a similar reaction-sequence when the corresponding 2-methyl-[3,6- di- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-4- O -(2,3,4,6-tetra- O -acetyl-β- d -galactopyranosyl)-α- d -glucopyrano]- [2,1- d ]-2-oxazoline ( 19 ) reacted with 7 . Preparation of oxazoline 19 was achieved via acetolysis of methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4- O -β- d -galactopyranosyl-α- d -glucopyranoside. The structures assigned to the final saccharides were supported by 1 H- and 13 C-n.m.r.-spectral data.
Near stabilization of the Ce moment upon dilution in (Ce, La)Al3

Abstract Susceptibility measurements taken for 1.5 ≤ T ≤ 17 K on the system CexLa1−xAl3 indicate that the Ce moment is nearly stabilized on dilution. Evidence for this is the fact that the fractional occupancy of the 4f1 configuration and the spin correlation time both increase as x → 0. Crystalline electric fields influence the susceptibility of these valence fluctuation systems.
A manufacturable 2.0 micron pitch three-level-metal interconnect process for high performance 0.8 micron CMOS technology

Advanced CMOS ASICs require three-level-metal (TLM) capability, while double-level-metal (DLM) technology remains as the standard for logic circuits and high-performance memory applications. The challenges for multilevel interconnect systems are low defect density, high manufacturability, and product reliability. A TLM technology is described that has 2.0-mm-pitch first and second metals using aluminum alloy with 4% copper that meets these requirements. It has been demonstrated in the fabrication of a 90-MHz RISC CMOS CPU with a 1.4t1.4 cm2 chip size
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers of the fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia trifoliorum.

Sclerotinia trifoliorum is an important pathogen of forage legumes and some grain legumes. Attempts to study its population biology using microsatellite markers developed for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia subarctica resulted in no amplification or low levels of polymorphism. This study reports the development and characterization of 33 microsatellite loci developed from a microsatellite-enriched library of S. trifoliorum. Based on a population of 42 isolates of S. trifoliorum, these microsatellite markers are highly polymorphic, with a mean of 6.5 alleles per locus (range 3–12) and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.63 (range 0.26–0.9). Based on locations of these marker sequences in the S. sclerotiorum genome, these microsatellite loci are dispersed throughout the genome. However, 50% (265 of 528) of pairwise comparisons of the 33 microsatellite loci had significant linkage disequilibrium, which could be explained by the mixed mating systems (homothallism and heterothallism) and clonal reprod...
Oxidation of α-glycerophosphate by mitochondria from lungs of rabbits, sheep and pigeons☆

1. 1. Relative rates of substrate oxidation by mitochondria from lungs of New Zealand white rabbits, Cheviot sheep and domestic pigeons were compared. For each substrate, the order of oxidation rates was rabbit > sheep > pigeon. 2. 2. The apparent Km for oxidation of d,l-α-glycerophosphate by rabbit lung mitochondria in 0·2 mM EDTA was 12 mM and was decreased to 1·8 mM by the addition of 0·2 mM Ca2+. 3. 3. Lung mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity showed allosteric type kinetics with Hill coefficients of 2–2·5. These results are similar to previous observations with blow fly flight muscle mitochondria (Hansford & Chappell, 1967). 4. 4. Mitochondria from lungs of pigeons and two fetal lambs (85 and 110 days' gestation) were relatively deficient in α-GP dehydrogenase activity. Activity of this enzyme was normal in lung mitochondria from newborn lambs (145 days' gestation).
Metal Ion Catalysis in the Hydrolysis of Esters of 2-Hydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline: The Effects of Metal Ions on Intramolecular Carboxyl Group Participation.

Abstract Rate constants have been determined for hydrolysis of the acetate, glutarate, and phthalate monoesters of 2-hydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline in water at 30°C and μ = 0.1 M with KCl. The hydrolysis reactions of the esters are hydroxide ion catalyzed at pH > 9. The phthalate and glutarate monoesters have in addition pH-independent reactions from pH 5.5 to 9 that involve intramolecular participation by the neighboring carboxylate anion. The pH-independent reaction of the glutarate monoester is ∼5-fold faster than that of the phthalate monoester. The plots of log k obsd vs pH for hydrolysis of the carboxyl substituted esters are bell shaped at pH 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Co 2+ , complex strongly with the esters; saturation occurs at metal ion concentrations less than 0.01 M. The 1:1 metal ion complexes have greatly enhanced rates of hydrolysis; the second-order rate constants for the OH − reactions are increased by factors of 10 5 to 10 8 by the metal ion. The pH-rate constant profiles for the phthalate and glutarate ester metal ion complexes have a sigmoidal region below pH 6 that can be attributed to a metal ion-promoted carboxylate anion nucleophilic reaction. The carboxyl group reactions are enhanced 10 2 - to 10 3 -fold by the metal ions, which allows the neighboring group reaction to be competitive with the favorable metal ion-promoted OH − reaction at pH 6. The half-lives of the pH-independent neighboring carboxyl group reactions of the Cu(II) complexes at 30°C are ∼l2 s. The other metal ion complexes are only slightly less reactive (half-lives vary from 2.5 to 40 s). These are the most rapid neighboring carboxyl group reactions that have been observed in ester hydrolysis.
Aspirin-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer epithelial cells : Relationship with protein kinase C signaling

This study examined the relationship of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling with apoptosis induced by aspirin (ASA) in gastric surface cancer cells (AGS cell line). We found increased expression of two PKC isoforms (α and βII) that translocated from the cytosol into the cell membrane fraction after ASA (40 mM) stimulation. PKC βI expression markedly decreased in response to ASA treatment. This process was independent of caspase activation because no caspase inhibitors used (i.e., inhibitors to caspase 3, 6, 7, 8, and total caspase activity) significantly changed PKC processing, although inhibition of caspase cascade activity markedly attenuated the apoptosis induced by ASA as measured by DNA-histone complex formation. Upstream PKC signaling induced by ASA seems to play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis because PKC inhibitors significantly reduced the magnitude of DNA-histone complex formation. We conclude that ASA-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells is mediated, at least in part, through a PKC mechanism involving the (α) and (β) isoforms and that PKC signaling operates upstream of the caspase cascade, which when activated elicits its downstream effects on DNA degradation.
Size effects in the electronic heat capacity of small platinum particles embedded in silica

Heat-capacity measurements on sputtered granular metal films of Pt-Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ were carried out between 1 and 12 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Mean sizes of the Pt particles range from 10 to 26 \AA{}; this small size coupled with these low temperatures makes the average electronic-energy-level spacing $\ensuremath{\delta}$ in the Pt metal large compared to ${k}_{B}T$. A quantum size effect in the electronic heat capacity of a metal has been predicted in this limit, $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\gg}{k}_{B}T$, and is observed here for the first time, although in a very limited temperature range. Difficulity in observing this size effect was caused by a large heat-capacity enhancement over bulk values in the insulating vitreous silica. This enhancement is ascribed to the Pt particle inclusions in the host Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ matrix augmenting the low-frequency Einstein modes first observed in the specific heat of Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ by Flubacher et al.
Resilient multidimensional sensor fusion using measurement history

This work considers the problem of performing resilient sensor fusion using past sensor measurements. In particular, we consider a system with n sensors measuring the same physical variable where some sensors might be attacked or faulty. We consider a setup in which each sensor provides the controller with a set of possible values for the true value. Here, more precise sensors provide smaller sets. Since a lot of modern sensors provide multidimensional measurements (e.g. position in three dimensions), the sets considered in this work are multidimensional polyhedra.Given the assumption that some sensors can be attacked or faulty, the paper provides a sensor fusion algorithm that obtains a fusion polyhedron which is guaranteed to contain the true value and is minimal in size. A bound on the volume of the fusion polyhedron is also proved based on the number of faulty or attacked sensors. In addition, we incorporate system dynamics in order to utilize past measurements and further reduce the size of the fusion polyhedron. We describe several ways of mapping previous measurements to current time and compare them, under different assumptions, using the volume of the fusion polyhedron. Finally, we illustrate the implementation of the best of these methods and show its effectiveness using a case study with sensor values from a real robot.
Comparative carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene in rats and mice.

1,3-Butadiene, isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), and chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) are high-production-volume chemicals used mainly in the manufacture of synthetic rubber. Inhalation studies have demonstrated multiple organ tumorigenic effects with each of these chemicals in mice and rats. Sites of tumor induction by these epoxide-forming chemicals were compared to each other and to ethylene oxide, a chemical classified by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogenic to humans. For this group of chemicals, there are substantial species differences in sites of neoplasia; neoplasia of the mammary gland is the only common tumorigenic effect in rats and mice. Within each species, there are several common sites of tumor induction; these include the hematopoietic system, circulatory system, lung, liver, forestomach, Harderian gland, and mammary gland in mice, and the mammary gland and possibly the brain, thyroid, testis, and kidney in rats. For studies in which individual animal data were available, mortality-adjusted tumor rates were calculated, and estimates were made of the shape of the exposure-response curves and ED10 values (i.e. exposure concentrations associated with an excess risk of 10% at each tumor site). Most tumorigenic effects reported here were consistent with linear or supralinear models. For chloroprene and butadiene, the most potent response was for the induction of lung neoplasms in female mice, with ED10 values of 0.3 ppm. Based on animal cancer data, isoprene and chloroprene are listed in the NTP's Report on Carcinogens (RoC) as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. Butadiene is listed in the RoC as known to be a human carcinogen 'based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans, including epidemiological and mechanistic information', with support from experimental studies in laboratory animals. Epidemiology data for isoprene and chloroprene are not considered adequate to evaluate the potential carcinogenicity of these agents in humans.
Airborne DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar) for Broad Area Hazardous Liquid Leak Detection

Over the summer of 2005 ITT Space Systems Division successfully detected, measured, and imaged a range of different hazardous liquids from an airborne platform during a series of field tests in Texas and New York. Under contract from the United States Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (DOT/PHMSA), ITT examined the ability of its Airborne Natural Gas Emission Lidar (ANGEL) Service’s system to detect, measure, and image a wide range of different hydrocarbons from a remote sensing airborne platform. The objectives of the DOT/PHMSA contract were to: 1) develop an understanding of hazardous liquid pipeline leaks, 2) demonstrate that ITT’s DIAL (differential absorption lidar) technology can detect and measure hazardous liquid emissions over a broad area and in real world conditions, and 3) use this information to design a “next generation” airborne sensor system optimized for the detection of both natural gas and hazardous liquid emissions. Hazardous liquids examined in this study included propane, gas condensates, crude oil, and refined hydrocarbons like gasoline, aviation gas, diesel fuel, Jet A, and kerosene. As part of this study, ITT, in cooperation with El Paso Production and Texas A&M–Corpus Christi, completed two separate sets of overflights of a hazardous liquid storage facility. During each set of overflights, data was collected with the storage facility’s vapor recovery unit (VRU) operating and again after the VRU was turned off. In addition, hatches on each of the tanks were opened to create further emission sources. Additional aerial collections of gasoline vapors, propane, and natural gas were also completed. Data from each of the overflights was processed and the results analyzed. The ITT ANGEL Service technology was shown to be capable of rapidly detecting, measuring, and imaging a wide range of different hydrocarbons while flying at an altitude of 1,000 feet and speeds of up to 150 mph. An overview of the results from these flight tests and a discussion of the DOT/PHMSA Hazardous-Liquid Airborne Lidar Observation Study findings will be discussed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Between assimilation and transnationalism: the debate on nationality acquisition among Koreans in Japan

Political identifications among postcolonial Koreans in Japan have been characterized by a tension between assimilative and transnational orientations. The tension has been reshaped in the course of a recent debate on nationality acquisition, which Korean activists and commentators started in response to Japanese policymakers’ move in the 2001 National Diet to simplify the naturalization process for postcolonial Koreans. At the heart of the debate stand the issues of citizenship rights and collective memory, which are central to Koreans’ political identifications. Advocates of nationality acquisition accept the reality of cultural and socioeconomic assimilation and are ready to become ethnic minority members of the Japanese state in return for getting full citizenship rights. Guided by the collective memory of the colonial past and social discrimination against Koreans in postcolonial Japan, critics of nationality acquisition refuse incorporation into the Japanese state and seek the possibility of transna...
Formation on solid surfaces of a gas monolayer providing protection against friction in rarefied media

The dynamics of formation of a monomolecular gas layer on an exposed surface are analyzed on the basis of a solution of the kinetic adsorption equation, with allowance for adsorption, desorption, and the migration of molecules to the free parts of the surface under equilibrium external conditions.
Added Value of CT in Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth defects, occurring in about 1% of live births. Today, most infants born with CHD live into adulthood. The number of adults with CHD now exceeds the number of children with CHD. As a result, patients with CHD represent a large and steadily growing subpopulation of patients who require specialized diagnostic and therapeutic management. CT is capable of contributing valuable information about congenital abnormalities. We examine the added utility of CT in identifying and assessing CHD in referred patients.
Borderline genitourinary tract abnormalities

The ability to detect major malformations of the fetal urinary tract using diagnostic antenatal ultrasound is well-known. Serious obstructive or dysgenetic abnormalities are often clearly seen and their implications well-known. Less clear is the meaning of mild or minimal pyelectasis, unilateral renal agenesis, nonvisualization of the fetal bladder, and pelvic kidneys. Fetal pyelectasis rarely, if ever, is associated with a need for neonatal intervention if the diameter of the pelvis is less than 10 mm. Although mild pyelectasis occurs in up to 25% of Down syndrome fetuses, the risk of Down syndrome in the case of isolated pyelectasis in a low-risk population is less than 1 in 340. Mild pyelectasis by itself does not seem to justify invasive testing for fetal karyotype. Nonvisualization of the fetal bladder carries a high risk of renal agenesis or dysplasia, whereas unilateral renal agenesis and a fetal pelvic kidney seem to carry limited, if any, negative implications.
Measurements of deuterium quadrupole coupling in propiolic acid and fluorobenzenes using pulsed-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometers

The pure rotational spectra of deuterated propiolic acids (HCCCOOD and DCCCOOH), 1-fluorobenzene (4-d1), and 1,2-difluorobenzene (4-d1) in their ground states have been measured using two Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectrometers at the University of Arizona. For 1-fluorobenzene (4-d1), nine hyperfine lines of three different ΔJ = 0 and 1 transitions were measured to check the synthesis method and resolution. For 1,2-difluorobenzene (4-d1), we obtained 44 hyperfine transitions from 1 to 12 GHz, including 14 different ΔJ = 0, 1 transitions. Deuterium quadrupole coupling constants along the three principal inertia axes were well determined. For deuterated propiolic acids, 37 hyperfine lines of Pro-OD and 59 hyperfine lines of Pro-CD, covering 11 and 12 different ΔJ = − 1, 0, 1 transitions, respectively, were obtained from 5 to 16 GHz. Deuterium quadrupole coupling constants along the three inertia axes were well resolved for Pro-OD. For Pro-CD, only eQqaa was determined due to the near coincidence of the CD bond and the least principal inertia axis. Some measurements were made using a newer FTMW spectrometer employing multiple free induction decays as well as background subtraction. For 1-fluorobenzene (4-d1) and 1,2-difluorobenzene (4-d1), a very large-cavity (1.2 m mirror dia.) spectrometer yielded very high resolution (2 kHz) spectra.
Marek's disease: a review.

(1969). Marek's Disease: A Review. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 35-45.
Conditional probability density function estimation with sigmoidal neural networks

Previous developments in conditional density estimation have used neural nets to estimate statistics of the distribution or the marginal or joint distributions of the input-output variables. We modify the joint distribution estimating sigmoidal neural network to estimate the conditional distribution. Thus, the probability density of the output conditioned on the inputs is estimated using a neural network. We derive and implement the learning laws to train the network. We show that this network has computational advantages over a brute force ratio of joint and marginal distributions. We also compare its performance to a kernel conditional density estimator in a larger scale (higher dimensional) problem simulating more realistic conditions.
The Pediatric Emergency Department Locus for Recognition of Psychosocial Disability

The prevalence of known psychiatric dis turbance in one or both parents of a 15 per cent sample of children seen over a three month period in the emergency de partment of the University of Rochester Medical Center was 12 per cent. Compari son of this group with a control group of children utilizing the emergency depart ment whose parents did not have a known psychiatric disturbance showed no signifi cant differences for race, age, or sex of the children, in frequency of use of the emer gency department, inappropriate use of the emergency department, or frequency of ap pointment breaking. Parents with charac ter disorders and anxiety reactions were most apt to use the pediatric emergency department inappropriately.Since the demographic and utilization characteristics reported upon are of no help in identifying emotional illness in par ents of children brought to the emergency department for care, more subtle indicators of psychosocial difficulties in parents are presented and methods of helping the phy sic...
Spirometric Abnormalities Associated With Chronic Bronchitis, Asthma, and Airway Hyperresponsiveness Among Boilermaker Construction Workers

Study objectives: In a 2-year longitudinal study of boilermaker construction workers, we found a significant association between working at oil-fired, coal-fired, and gas-fired industries during the past year and reduced lung function. In the present study, we investigated whether chronic bronchitis, asthma, or baseline methacholine airway responsiveness can explain the heterogeneity in lung function response to boilermaker work. Design: This study is part of an ongoing prospective cohort study of boilermakers. Exposure was assessed with a work history questionnaire. Spirometry was performed annually to assess lung function. A generalized estimating equation approach was used to account for the repeatedmeasures design. Setting: Boilermaker union members. Participants: One hundred eighteen boilermakers participated in the study. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: Self-reported history of chronic bronchitis and asthma were associated with a larger FEV1 reduction in response to workplace exposure at coal-fired and gas-fired industries. Although we found a high prevalence (39%) of airway hyperresponsiveness (provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 of < 8 mg/mL) among boilermakers, we did not find a consistent pattern of effect modification by airway responsiveness. Conclusions: Although chronic bronchitis and asthma were associated with a greater loss in lung function in response to hours worked as a boilermaker, and therefore they acted as effect modifiers of the exposure-lung function relationship, airway hyperresponsiveness did not. However, the high prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness found in the cohort may be a primary consequence of long-term workplace exposure among boilermakers. (CHEST 2002; 121:2052–2060)