cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hispanic and majority student attitudes toward forcible date rape as a function of differences in attitudes toward women

Less rejecting attitudes toward forcible date rape are related to more traditional attitudes toward women, as measured by the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (G. J. Fischer, “College Student Attitudes Toward Forcible Date Rape. I. Cognitive Predictors,” Archives of Sexual Behavior, 1986, 15, 457–466). Does this relation reflect more traditional or more negative attitudes toward women? If the former, then an ethnic minority having still more traditional attitudes toward women (than the nonethnic majority), also should be less rejecting of forcible date rape. This hypothesis was assessed by surveying attitudes of bicultural and bilingual Hispanic, other self-reported Hispanics, and nonethnic majority college students from a large introductory sociology class in a large Southwestern university. Results showed that Hispanics, overall, (1) had more traditional attitudes toward women than nonethnic majority and (2) as hypothesized, had less rejecting attitudes toward forcible date rape. However, these effects were not a simple function of ethnicity, at least not for males. For example, bicultural and bilingual Hispanic males were least likely to blame the male for the forcible date rape, but were no less rejecting of such behavior than other Hispanic males and had no more traditional attitudes toward women than other Hispanic or majority males. Bicultural and bilingual Hispanic females, on the other hand, were most likely to blame the male, had the least rejecting attitudes toward date rape, and had the most traditional attitudes toward women. one interpretation is that exposure to less restrictive sex roles of the majority culture is a liberating influence on Hispanic females, but not on Hispanic males who, perhaps, see more liberal attitudes toward women as having no or even negative payoff. Differences found between Hispanics who are bicultural and bilingual and other self-reported Hispanics suggest that these groups should not be combined, and that a research sample needs to be defined more specifically than “Hispanic.”
An explosion of alternatives

On Friday March 11, 2011, a violent earthquake off the coast of Japan rocked the ocean floor and triggered a devastating tsunami that crashed into parts of the Japanese coast just 30 min later. In New York City, Angela Cesaro, then an editor at Scientific American , saw the first tweets reporting the quake around 3:00 am in the morning. She immediately retrieved material from Scientific American 's archives on the science of earthquakes on the ocean floor, as well as the tsunamis, aftershocks, and other impacts that can result. “She had that information up on our website before she went to bed,” said Mariette DiChristina, Scientific American 's current Editor in Chief. “We were hours ahead of others.” As DiChristina tells it, timeliness always has and always will win the day. In the past, journalists would rush out to cover news they heard breaking over the radio or by word of mouth. Today they do the same, but the first accounts of major events often now break on Twitter. “[W]hen something happens, like the 2011 earthquake in Japan, you want an authoritative source to tell you what's going on,” DiChristina said. “Our online traffic doubled, and a lot of those people kept coming back because they had a need, and we addressed it immediately. We could never have done that once upon a time.” And yet, the digital world is turning out to be both a blessing and a bane for many news publishers. “Now the news is updated continuously around the clock, and that puts a certain amount of timing pressure on the press,” DiChristina said. “I remember a breaking story at one point, and people were tweeting to me: ‘hey, it's been five hours, where's the update?’ […] Our expectations for instant answers is certainly much greater than is …
Plastic Cup Traps Equipped with Light-Emitting Diodes for Monitoring Adult Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Equipping the standard plastic cup trap, also known as the CC trap, with lime-green light-emitting diodes (LED-plastic cup trap) increased its efficacy for catching Bemisia tabaci by 100%. Few Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich and Encarsia formosa Gahan were caught in LED-plastic cup traps. The LED-plastic cup traps are less expensive than yellow sticky card traps for monitoring adult whiteflies in greenhouse crop production systems and are more compatible with whitefly parasitoids releases for Bemisia nymph control.
Phenytoin vs Fosphenytoin

(1999). Phenytoin vs Fosphenytoin. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 168-172.
“The Crystal Goblet”: The Underpinnings of Typographic Convention

ABSTRACTA staple of typographic teaching and reference, Beatrice Warde's “The Crystal Goblet” is often assigned and cited as a straightforward statement of principle. Yet this essay perpetuates assumptions that frame typography's cultural complicity and social constriction in terms of nature and purpose. An analysis of texts rather than designs, this article focuses mainly on British and North American typographic criticism, including that of Beatrice Warde's contemporaries and heirs. This analysis connects influential formulae to the material and cultural dynamics within which they were devised, not simply to debate these formulae but to locate the terms they set for debate and, indeed, for understanding. These terms reproduce conceptions not only of typographic support, but of textual meaning, social reading, and historical bearing. This article examines the contested boundaries of these conceptions in Warde's time, as well as their revision and revival in recent typographic discourse.
The Origins of the Privileges or Immunities Clause, Part I: 'Privileges and Immunities' as an Antebellum Term of Art

Historical accounts of the Privileges or Immunities Clause of Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment generally assume that John Bingham based the text on Article IV of the original Constitution and that Bingham, like other Reconstruction Republicans, viewed Justice Washington’s opinion in Corfield v. Coryell as the definitive statement of the meaning of Article IV. According to this view, Justice Miller in the Slaughterhouse Cases failed to follow both framers’ intent and obvious textual meaning when he distinguished Section One’s privileges or immunities from Article IV’s privileges and immunities. A close analysis of antebellum law, however, suggests that Justice Miller’s approach was faithful to long-standing legal doctrines regarding the meaning of Article IV and a distinct category of rights known as the “privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States.” As of Reconstruction, Article IV’s protection of “privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states” was broadly understood as providing sojourning citizens equal access to a limited set of state-conferred rights. The “privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States,” on the other hand, was an accepted term of art which referred to those rights conferred upon United States citizens by the Constitution itself. Even as the country came apart over the issue of slavery, slave-state advocates and the proponents of abolition both expressly maintained the distinction between Article IV and national privileges and immunities. In the Thirty-Ninth Congress, John Bingham, the drafter of Section One, insisted that this distinction informed the meaning of the final draft of the Fourteenth Amendment. According to Bingham, the Privileges or Immunities Clause protected “other and different privileges and immunities” than those protected by Article IV. Understanding the roots of this distinction in antebellum law helps illuminate Bingham’s explanation of Section One, and the likely reception of the Privileges or Immunities Clause by the public at large. This is the first of a three-part investigation of the origins of the Privileges or Immunities Clause. This first part explores antebellum law in order to determine the historical understanding of words, phrases, and case law at the time of Reconstruction. Part II, "John Bingham and the Second Draft of the Fourteenth Amendment" (also available on SSRN) considers how the historical understanding of "privileges and immunities" affected the debates on the first and second draft of the Fourteenth Amendment. It turns out that a critical number of Republicans in the Thirty-Ninth Congress maintained the antebellum distinction between Article IV privileges and immunities and federal privileges and immunities-a fact which ultimately led John Bingham to withdraw his original Article IV-based draft of the Fourteenth Amendment and replace it with a second and final draft which protected the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.
A Numerical Simulation Of Summer CirculationFor Monterey Bay

A three dimensional coastal ocean system for Monterey Bay (MOB) is developed using numerical grid generation to study the summer circulation. The system is a primitive equation coastal ocean modeling system, which consists of a coastal ocean model, numerical grid generation routines, and a grid package which allows the model to be coupled to model grids. In this coastal ocean system, a curvilinear nearly-orthogonal (CNO) grid is used to enhance the model numerical solution. The MOB model has 28 sigma vertical levels, and the CNO coastlinefollowing numerical grid has 131 x 131 grid points, which cover a domain of 150 km by 150 km. The model has horizontal resolutions of 200 m to 2 km, free surface dynamics, and realistic coastlines and bottom bathymetry. The model code is written for a multi-block grid, but a single-block CNO grid is demonstrated for the MOB simulations. The MOB model and the associated grid are used to simulate summer circulation and reproduce the MOB basic physics such as coastal currents and upwelling locations.
Disease disclosure in individuals with cystic fibrosis: Association with psychosocial and health outcomes.

Abstract Background This study aimed to quantify cystic fibrosis (CF) disclosure and examine associations between disclosure and psychosocial and health outcomes. Methods Participants completed measures assessing disease disclosure and psychosocial outcomes. Data from chart reviews and pharmacy records were obtained. Results Participants (N=128; ages 16–63) were more likely to disclose to romantic partners (97%) and close friends (94%) than to casual friends (79%), bosses (71%), or co-workers (53%). Participants reported more comfort discussing CF with and doing treatments in front of romantic partners and close friends than other groups. Disclosure was associated with higher social support, social functioning, and medication adherence self-efficacy. Lower lung-function was associated with disclosure to bosses and co-workers. Conclusions Clinicians should consider discussing disclosure with patients, as limited disclosure may have a negative impact on psychosocial outcomes.
Better Project Analysis

Better project analysis is needed because organizations select and carry out too many unjustified and unsatisfactory projects. Most project analysis is too optimistic because it is biased to support favored projects. Projects are first selected for unacknowledged political reasons and afterward analysis is developed to support the decisions. Better project analysis would be unbiased and independent, open and verifiable. Better project analysis would help produce better project decisions. Since most people and organizations are unavoidably strongly biased in favor of their own projects, better more realistic project analysis may have to be done by independent individuals or specially protected groups.
Modeling the unsteady aerodynamic forces on small-scale wings

The goal of this work is to develop low order dynamical systems models for the unsteady aerodynamic forces on small wings and to better understand the physical characteristics of unsteady laminar separation. Reduced order models for a fixed, high angle of attack flat plate are obtained through Galerkin projection of the governing Navier-Stokes equations onto POD modes. Projected models are compared with direct numerical simulation (DNS) to show that they preserve qualitative behavior such as coherent structures. It is shown that in flows with Reynolds number 100, even a two degree of freedom model is sufficient to capture high angle of attack laminar vortex shedding. Next, the classical theories of Theodorsen and Wagner are compared with DNS for a number of pitch and plunge maneuvers of varying Strouhal number, reduced frequency, pitch amplitude and center. In addition to determining when these theories break down, the flow field structures are investigated to determine how the theories break down. This is an important first step toward combining and extending classical unsteady aerodynamic models to include high angle of attack effects. Theodorsen’s model for the lift of a sinusoidally pitching or plunging plate is shown to agree moderately well with DNS for reduced frequencies k < 2:0. One major observation is that the classical aerodynamic models all begin to disagree when the effective angle of attack, either determined by Strouhal number in the plunging case or angle of attack excursion in the pitching case, exceeds the critical stall angle where vortex shedding and laminar separation become prominent. Velocity field and body force data for a flat plate are generated by 2D direct numerical simulation using an immersed boundary method for Reynolds number 100-300, and regions of separated flow and wake structures are visualized using Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE) fields, the ridges of which are Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS).
Relative Efficiency of the Nonparametric Approach on Attribute Classification for Small Sample Cases

This simulation study aims to examine the relative efficiency of the nonparametric approach in comparison to the CDMs under various conditions to provide practitioners with useful and practical guideline that may be helpful for method selection in diagnostic assessment. The study shows that the nonparametric approach performs as good, if not better, as the CDM based empirical Bayes estimation method for attribute classification purposes when the sample size is relatively small. Impact of Q-matrix complexity for the nonparametric and CDM classifications is also examined. Results indicate that measuring many attributes simultaneously by an item may result in undesirable outcomes.
Optimizing Adhesive Design by Understanding Compliance

Adhesives have long been designed around a trade-off between adhesive strength and releasability. Geckos are of interest because they are the largest organisms which are able to climb utilizing adhesive toepads, yet can controllably release from surfaces and perform this action over and over again. Attempting to replicate the hierarchical, nanoscopic features which cover their toepads has been the primary focus of the adhesives field until recently. A new approach based on a scaling relation which states that reversible adhesive force capacity scales with (A/C)1/2, where A is the area of contact and C is the compliance of the adhesive, has enabled the creation of high strength, reversible adhesives without requiring high aspect ratio, fibrillar features. Here we introduce an equation to calculate the compliance of adhesives, and utilize this equation to predict the shear adhesive force capacity of the adhesive based on the material components and geometric properties. Using this equation, we have investig...
Universal Design Ballot Interfaces on Voting Performance and Satisfaction of Voters with and without Vision Loss

Voting is a glocalized event across countries, states and municipalities in which individuals of all abilities want to participate. To enable people with disabilities to participate accessible voting is typically implemented by adding assistive technologies to electronic voting machines to accommodate people with disabilities. To overcome the complexities and inequities in this practice, two interfaces, EZ Ballot, which uses a linear yes/no input system for all selections, and QUICK Ballot, which provides random access voting through direct selection, were designed to provide one system for all voters. This paper reports efficacy testing of both interfaces. The study demonstrated that voters with a range of visual abilities were able to use both ballots independently. While non-sighted voters made fewer errors on the linear ballot (EZ Ballot), partially-sighted and sighted voters completed the random access ballot (QUICK Ballot) in less time. In addition, a higher percentage of non-sighted participants preferred the linear ballot, and a higher percentage of sighted participants preferred the random ballot.
Assessing signal-to-noise in quantitative proteomics: multivariate statistical analysis in DIGE experiments

All quantitative proteomics experiments measure variation between samples. When performing large-scale experiments that involve multiple conditions or treatments, the experimental design should include the appropriate number of individual biological replicates from each condition to enable the distinction between a relevant biological signal from technical noise. Multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis (PCA), provide a global perspective on experimental variation, thereby enabling the assessment of whether the variation describes the expected biological signal or the unanticipated technical/biological noise inherent in the system. Examples will be shown from high-resolution multivariable DIGE experiments where PCA was instrumental in demonstrating biologically significant variation as well as sample outliers, fouled samples, and overriding technical variation that would not be readily observed using standard univariate tests.
Administrative Law: The U.S. and Beyond

Administrative law constrains and directs the behavior of officials in the many governmental bodies responsible for implementing legislation and handling governance responsibilities on a daily basis. This field of law consists of procedures for decision making by these administrative bodies, including rules about transparency and public participation. It also encompasses oversight practices provided by legislatures, courts, and elected executives. The way that administrative law affects the behavior of government officials holds important implications for the fulfillment of democratic principles as well as effective governance in society. This paper highlights salient political theory and legal issues fundamental to the U.S. administrative state but with relevance to the design and application of administrative law in any jurisdiction.
Effects of pollination and postpollination processes on selfing rate in Mimulus ringens

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Selfing rates vary widely within and among populations of self-compatible flowering plants. This variation is often attributed to differences in the amount and timing of self and outcross pollen deposition on stigmas, as well as to the influence of postpollination mechanisms that control fertilization success. This study explores the relative importance of pollination and postpollination processes in determining selfing rates in monkeyflower, Mimulus ringens. METHODS We hand-pollinated flowers on 17 unrelated mothers with pollen from one of three experimental treatments intended to replicate field conditions: (1) simultaneous deposition of 50% self pollen and 50% outcross pollen from 5 unrelated donors; (2) self pollen followed 15 min later by application of an equal amount of outcross pollen from five unrelated donors; and (3) outcross pollen from 5 unrelated donors followed 15 min later by application of an equal amount of self pollen. We genotyped 757 progeny at 8 polymorphic microsatellite loci and used paternity exclusion to determine whether each seedling was selfed or outcrossed. KEY RESULTS When self and outcross pollen arrived simultaneously, and when self pollen arrived 15 min prior to outcross pollen, the observed proportions of self and outcross progeny did not deviate from the expected 1:1 ratio. However, when outcross pollen was applied 15 min prior to self pollen, there was a significant excess of outcross progeny. CONCLUSIONS Selfing rate in Mimulus ringens is influenced by small differences in the timing of pollen arrival, but not by nonrandom postpollination sorting.
Fluorescence calibration method for single-particle aerosol fluorescence instruments

Abstract. Real-time, single-particle fluorescence instruments used to detect atmospheric bioaerosol particles are increasingly common, yet no standard fluorescence calibration method exists for this technique. This gap limits the utility of these instruments as quantitative tools and complicates comparisons between different measurement campaigns. To address this need, we have developed a method to produce size-selected particles with a known mass of fluorophore, which we use to calibrate the fluorescence detection of a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS-4A). We use mixed tryptophan–ammonium sulfate particles to calibrate one detector (FL1; excitation = 280 nm, emission = 310–400 nm) and pure quinine particles to calibrate the other (FL2; excitation = 280 nm, emission = 420–650 nm). The relationship between fluorescence and mass for the mixed tryptophan–ammonium sulfate particles is linear, while that for the pure quinine particles is nonlinear, likely indicating that not all of the quinine mass contributes to the observed fluorescence. Nonetheless, both materials produce a repeatable response between observed fluorescence and particle mass. This procedure allows users to set the detector gains to achieve a known absolute response, calculate the limits of detection for a given instrument, improve the repeatability of the instrumental setup, and facilitate intercomparisons between different instruments. We recommend calibration of single-particle fluorescence instruments using these methods.
Una evidencia queer: trabajo sexual y metodologías afectivas.

This article considers two books that combine photography with biographical accounts to document a home for elderly sex workers in Mexico City; La Casa Xochiquetzal. Juxtaposing biographical narrative with visual forms raises new questions for our investigations of sexual subjectivities and the interpretive practices we call upon to investigate them. This project asks; how do different forms of biographical documentation productively trouble our encounters with the aesthetic representations of sexuality? How does the corporeal presence of the subject complicate testimonies of their lives? This project responds by proposing a queer methodology that undoes what functions as evidence in order to valorize the affective as a mode of engaging alterity.
Gut Microbes Egested during Bites of Infected Sand Flies Augment Severity of Leishmaniasis via Inflammasome-Derived IL-1β

Leishmania donovani parasites are the cause of visceral leishmaniasis and are transmitted by bites from phlebotomine sand flies. A prominent feature of vector-transmitted Leishmania is the persistence of neutrophils at bite sites, where they protect captured parasites, leading to enhanced disease. Here, we demonstrate that gut microbes from the sand fly are egested into host skin alongside Leishmania parasites. The egested microbes trigger the inflammasome, leading to a rapid production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which sustains neutrophil infiltration. Reducing midgut microbiota by pretreatment of Leishmania-infected sand flies with antibiotics or neutralizing the effect of IL-1β in bitten mice abrogates neutrophil recruitment. These early events are associated with impairment of parasite visceralization, indicating that both gut microbiota and IL-1β are important for the establishment of Leishmania infections. Considering that arthropods harbor a rich microbiota, its potential egestion after bites may be a shared mechanism that contributes to severity of vector-borne disease.
Eliminating hospital acquired infections: is it possible? Is it sustainable? Is it worth it?

An estimated 2 million hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are now reported annually in the US, and are associated with an estimated $5 billion in additional health care costs. With this, the growing incidence of HAI has become “ground zero” in the campaign to improve patient safety and eliminate waste in health care. We studied the characteristics of high-performing organizations and their leaders outside of health care to determine how such organizations become “best in class.” We then sought to apply the principles that led to this status to eliminating HAI associated with central venous catheters. Observations of the current condition of health care revealed multiple defects in various processes, that were breeding grounds for error. Redesign of these processes by the people involved in them under the guidance of a leader resulted in an 86% reduction in infections in the blood. Overall, financial performance improved by $5.1 million over a 2-year period. Mortality in intensive care units declined by 29%. Using methods borrowed from highly reliable industries and engaging workers at the point of care can have profound and sustainable effects in nearly eliminating HAI, with significant clinical and financial benefits.
Galaxien und das Weltall

Unsere Reise geht jetzt zu Ende. Auf dem Planeten, auf dem wir geboren wurden, sind Millionen von Jahren vergangen, an Bord Jahrzehnte. Galaxienhaufen passieren uns und werden genauso im Logbuch verzeichnet, wie wir ganz fruher Sterne und dann Galaxien verzeichneten. Die Zeit ist gekommen, das Raumschiff zu wenden und abzubremsen, um auf einem Planeten landen zu konnen. Wir schulden das den jungeren Generationen, die nie die Erde gesehen haben und nur dieses Leben unaufhorlichen Erforschens kennengelernt haben. Aber fur uns Altere ist das der Anfang vom Ende. Das Abbremsen wird lange dauern, und wir konnen nicht darauf hoffen, den Tag noch zu erleben, an dem unsere Mannschaft unter planetarischem Himmel den Boden eines Planeten betreten wird.
The Filshie clip for laparoscopic adnexal surgery.

Background Gynecologic endoscopic procedures are increasingly common and require the ability to control large vascular structures. Method The Filshie clip is a silicone-lined, titanium occlusive device, originally designed and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for surgical contraception. This device also has the potential for occluding vascular structures during laparoscopic surgery. Experience and results We describe a salpingectomy, an excision of bilateral hydrosalpinges, and a salpingo-oopherectomy. We performed all procedures laparoscopically using this device as the primary modality for assuring hemostasis. Conclusion The Filshie clip is a useful and economical device for assuring hemostasis during gynecologic endoscopic surgery.
Preformed Posterior Stainless Steel Crowns: An Update

Abstract For almost 50 years, dentists have used stainless steel crowns for primary and permanent posterior teeth. No other type of restoration offers the convenience, low cost, durability, and reliability of such crowns when interim full-coronal coverage is required. Preformed stainless steel crowns have improved over the years. Better luting cements have been developed and different methods of crown manipulation have evolved. This article reviews stainless steel crown procedures for primary and permanent posterior teeth. Step-by-step placement of a primary molar stainless steel crown is documented and permanent molar stainless steel crown restoration is described. A method for repairing a worn-through crown also is reviewed.
Combining circumscription and modal logic

This paper discusses the logic LKM which extends circumscription into an epistemic domain. This extension will allow us to define circumscription of predicates that appear within the context of a modal operator. In fact, LKM can be seen as a method of extending any first-order nonmonotonic logic whose semantic definition is based on a partial-order among models, into a new nonmonotonic logic defined for a modal language, whose modal operator (K) follows an undedying S5 or weak-S5 semantics. One interesting use of this nonmonotonic logic is to model nonmonotonic aspects of the communication between agents.
Addressing Challenges with Augmented Reality Applications on Smartphones

The popularity of smartphones equipped with GPS and geomagnetic sensors has spurred mobile application developer interest in augmented reality (AR), which presents highly contexualized, spatially relevant information that enhances user knowledge of their immediate surroundings. AR applications typically mesh relevant information with user views of the physical world. Prior research has focused on interfaces built with custom hardware, but a smartphone equipped with GPS, a camera, and a geomagnetic sensor is an attractive alternative to traditional solutions. These devices can be programmed to present context-sensitive information to users without needing custom hardware.
DISCUSSION OF REMARKS BY LYLE CALVIN, BRIAN JOINER AND GERALD VAN BELLE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the views of Lyle Calvin, Brian Joiner, and Gerald van Belle on the operation of statistical consulting programs and the philosophy behind these programs. Training can be provided by the proper mix of applied statistics courses, theoretical statistics courses, statistical computing courses, mathematics courses, courses in substantive areas, classroom consulting training, and consulting apprenticeship. Hands-on experience, as in Lyle Calvin's Statistics Student Consulting Service, in Gerald van Belle's Supervised Statistical Consulting course, or in Brian Joiner's consulting course at Wisconsin, will certainly be to the good; at Iowa State, such apprenticing happens to be realized through half-time or quarter-time research assistantships. Of those that are drawn to the graduate study of statistics in the first place, a good share will likely come with a thirst for reality and equipped with a sure homing instinct for the cores of consulting problems—an instinct for avoiding Lyle Calvin's errors of the third kind. They will also possess the taste for intellectual adventure, which has been underlined by many authors: sanguinity enough for two if need be and the predisposition to learn from each consulting session at least as much as the consultant.
Structure-Function Studies of FR-1

The aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene superfamily represents a collection of proteins expressed in a wide variety of plants, animals, yeast, and procaryotic organisms. Most AKRs were originally identified as enzymes capable of catalyzing the NADPH-dependent reduction of carbonyl groups contained in a broad range of substrates (Bachur, 1976). However, recent genetic studies mediated by genome and expression sequencing approaches have identified several new members of the AKR superfamily. Many of these new proteins are characterized by high sequence homology to AKR enzymes although little or no information is available about their potential catalytic activities. One such new protein, designated FR-1* was identified as the product of a gene upregulated in serum-starved mouse fibroblasts following treatment with fibroblast growth factor I (FGF-I) (Donohue et al., 1994). High amino acid sequence identity (~70%) was observed between FR-1 and aldose reductase as well as other AKRs. Many amino acid residues known to contribute to the catalytic mechanism in other AKR enzymes including aldose reductase (AKRlB I), aldehyde reductase (AKRIAI) and 3a.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C9) are conserved in FR-l. These residues include Tyr-48, His-ll 0, Lys-77 and Asp-43 (numbering is that of aldose reductase) (Barski et al. , 1995; Pawlowski & Penning, 1994; Schlegel et al., 1998; Tarle et al. , 1993). The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether FR -1 is a catalyst of carbonyl reduction and to measure the affinity of FR-1 for various ligands such as nucleotide cofactors, carbonyl substrates and aldose reductase inhibitors. Our studies show that FR-1 catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of substrates representative of diverse structural classes of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Both saturated and unsaturated aldehydes were excellent substrates. Unlike aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase, FR-1 catalyzed the reduction of simple ketones such as acetone and butanone; however virtually no catalytic activity could be detected using steroid and aldose substrates. FR-1 was inhibited by various aldose reductase inhibitors in a manner similar to human aldose reductase. Besides being an excellent substrate, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) inactivated the enzyme through a mechanism involving Michael addition to Cys-298.
Examining religious commitment, personality, and well-being among Latter-day Saints

ABSTRACTThis study examined religious commitment, the big five personality traits, social interaction anxiety, and anger among 110 members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). ...
“I don’t bang: I’m just a Blood”: Situating gang identities in their proper place:

In this article we offer a theoretical framework for conceptualizing the relationship between gang identification, place, and identity saliency. In our interviews with current and former street gan...
Investigating the Mechanism of Post-Treatment on PEDOT/PSS via Single-Particle Absorption Spectroscopy

The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), widely used in optoelectronic devices, exhibits improved conductivity upon post-treatment, but the mechan...
In vitro models of cancer

Abstract Cancer research has always relied on the use of in vitro models that enable the study of cells outside of the human body to discover drugs, improve cellular therapy and diagnosis. Now that it is established that the cellular and biochemical microenvironment in the body can influence cancer development, in vitro models must account for such factors. It follows in vitro models have become more complex with time, evolving from 2D models toward more physiologically relevant 3D assays. Here, we review 2D assays that have and are still helping scientists unravel mechanisms underlying cancer. We expose the reasons for switching to this more sophisticated art of cell culture. We provide details about the different formats of 3D cell culture for cancer research, ranging from spheroids, to scaffolds and microfluidic models. We illustrate how such assays have been used to dissect the entire process of cancer development, with particular emphasis on the metastatic cascade. Finally, we expose the latest trends in 3D cell culture that promise to become essential to the study of cancer and to the onset of personalized medicine, such as the development of stem-cell-derived organoids.
SANU’s Discursive Legacies

This chapter cautions against the dismissal of the Sudan African National Union (SANU) as a political failure due to its diplomatic defeat at the Round Table Conference and its disintegration in the latter half of the 1960s. It argues that the inability of Southern politicians to attain a self-determination plebiscite in the 1960s has obscured the significance of their discursive legacy in Southern Sudanese rebellions. The chapter shows that SANU established what became a regime of truth among Southerners—both in the South and in the diaspora, as well as among unintended audiences. It argues that this attainment of commonsensical status attests to SANU’s discursive authority, and the enduring legacy of its narratives of the “Southern Problem”.
Congenital corneal blood staining secondary to hemorrhagic persistent fetal vasculature.

An African American girl born at 37 weeks via spontaneous vaginal delivery to a 33-year-old woman was noted on delivery to have a unilateral absent red reflex in the right eye, which was enlarged. Intraocular pressure was elevated, and the cornea had a straw-colored opacity. B-scan ultrasonography of the right eye showed diffuse hyperechoic vitreous opacities and a retrolental mass, with a hyperechoic band stretching from the optic disk to the posterior lens. Neuroimaging showed a unilateral enlarged globe, intraocular hemorrhage, and persistent fetal vasculature, with no other intracranial pathology. An anterior chamber washout revealed liquified blood; the presence of corneal blood staining was confirmed. A spontaneous intraocular hemorrhage associated with persistent fetal vasculature was suspected, leading to secondary glaucoma and corneal blood staining.
Spray-Cast Electrodes in Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells for Portable Solar Energy Manufacturing

Colloidal quantum dots are a promising candidate material for thin film solar cells due to their size-dependent band gap tunability and solution-based processing flexibility. Spray-casting technology has the potential to reduce the strict environmental requirements associated with traditional fabrication procedures for colloidal quantum dot solar cells, potentially enabling installation-site solar cell fabrication. Here, we demonstrate spray-casting of silver nanowire electrodes and zinc oxide electron transport layers, demonstrate their use in colloidal quantum dot solar cells, analyze the existing challenges in current spray-casting procedures, and outline a path to producing fully spray-cast colloidal quantum dot solar cells.
Effect of type of dietary fat and protein on cholesterol and lipid metabolism of pigs

112 INTRODUCTION 114 MATERIALS AND METHODS 116 RESULTS 120 DISCUSSION 131 LITERATURE CITED 139
Advances in PTSD Treatment Delivery: the Role of Digital Technology in PTSD Treatment

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health disorder affecting about 7% of the general population during their lifetime. PTSD typically has a chronic course, is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, and negatively impacts functioning and quality of life. This review examines the evidence for several digital technology–based applications being used to deliver PTSD interventions, including video telehealth, Internet-based interventions, virtual reality exposure therapy, and mobile apps. A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the use of video telehealth, Internet-based interventions, and virtual reality exposure therapy for PTSD. Relatively few RCTs have investigated mobile apps for PTSD. Evidence reviewed shows that PTSD therapy delivered by video telehealth is as good as that delivered in person, but samples were almost exclusively comprised of military veterans. Internet-based interventions as well evidence strong support for their use. There is strong evidence for virtual reality exposure therapy as well, but it is limited by small samples mostly of male military service members and veterans. Lastly, the evidence for mobile apps is promising but inconclusive given the lack of published full-scale RCTs. The implications of these findings for future research directions and clinical practice are discussed.
Chapter 9 – Reactivity Feedback

Publisher Summary This chapter examines reactivity feedback resulting from changes in temperature. The chapter combines the temperature distributions with the neutron physics of reactor lattices to examine reactivity feedback effects. The understanding of the nature of mechanisms leading to reactivity feedback is essential to the analysis of power reactor behavior. The chapter begins by defining reactivity coefficients and then looks at those caused specifically by fuel and by moderator temperature changes. The chapter proceeds by examining the reactivity effects that take place under various operating conditions, such as heat up from room temperature to operating conditions, changes in power level, transients, etc. The chapter gives an approximation for the temperature dependence of the resonance integral that is useful for thermal reactor analysis. It explains the fast reactor temperature coefficients that differ in a number of respects from those of thermal reactors. The chapter examines reactivity control and the concepts of excess reactivity, temperature, and power defects. The chapter concludes with a discussion of reactor transients.
Real-Time Distribution State Estimation with Massive µPMU Streaming Data

This paper presents the development of a real-time Deep Neural Network-based non-linear State Estimator (DNN-SE) for distribution networks. The DNN-SE is designed to run on the ‘Analysis on the Wire’ framework, a scalable in-network general-purpose computing architecture capable of processing the high volume data streams originating from micro- Phasor Measurement Units (µPMUs). Simulations are performed on a 200 bus modified distribution network with high penetration of renewable energy resources. Over 4.45 billion data points are obtained from multiple µPMUs each month to train the network. The DNN-SE model is able to accurately estimate bus voltages and angles in a streaming fashion under high variability of wind, solar and demand data.
COVID-19, Home Confinement, and the Fallacy of "Safest at Home"

In the United States, one in four women and one in seven men experience severe physical IPV at some point in their lives 2 Transgender individuals report even higher levels, with some studies quoting lifetime prevalence of IPV of up to 50% 3 Restricted economic resources, unemployment, and high stress levels all correlate with an increase in both the incidence and the severity of IPV According to the Director for Shelter Services at the Domestic Violence and Child Advocacy Shelter of Cleveland, Ohio, for example, 40% ofcalls in February 2020 were classified as acute crises Many public health experts and epidemiologists believe that several rounds ofshelter-in-place orders may be necessary until a vaccine can be reliably deployed or viral spread has subsided completely
Intertwining Epidemics: A Review of Research on Substance Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Its Connection to the AIDS Epidemic

This paper reviews the (1) literature on substance use among men who have sex with men (MSM), (2) data that test whether connections between substance use and abuse and high-risk sexual behavior exist among MSM, and (3) ways that HIV interventions might address the effects of substance use on high-risk sexual behavior. We conclude that while alcohol use patterns are not substantially different between gay and heterosexual men, gay men do use more kinds of other drugs. Although there is considerable evidence to support the view that substance use patterns have declined among gay men since the mid-1980s, substance use should still be regarded as a health risk in this population. Although the associations between substance use and sexual risk-taking for HIV are complex, the inclusion of interventions to disentangle substance use and high-risk sexual practices may increase the efficacy of AIDS prevention efforts among gay men.
Passion for Work and Well-Being of Working Adults:

The purpose of the present study was to extend a study by Yukhymenko-Lescroart and Sharma (2019,“The Relationship Between Faculty Members’ Passion for Work and Well-Being”) to test the relationship...
Basic Analysis: Review of Series and Derivatives

The goal of Chapter 4 is to define embedded submanifolds and linear Lie groups. Before doing this, we believe that some readers might appreciate a review of the basic properties of power series involving matrix coefficients and a review of the notion of the derivative of a function between two normed vector spaces. Those readers familiar with these concepts may proceed directly to Chapter 4.
Identification of the Impacts of Code Changes on the Security of Software

Companies develop their software in versions and iterations. Ensuring the security of each additional version using code review is costly and time consuming. This paper investigates automated tracing of the impacts of code changes on the security of a given software. To this end, we use call graphs to model the software code, and security assurance cases to model the security requirements of the software. Then we relate assurance case elements to code through the entry point methods of the software, creating a map of monitored security functions. This mapping allows to evaluate the security requirements that are affected by code changes. The approach is implemented in a set of tools and evaluated using three open-source ERP/E-commerce software applications. The limited evaluation showed that the approach is effective in identifying the impacts of code changes on the security of the software. The approach promises to considerably reduce the security assessment time of the subsequent releases and iterations of software, keeping the initial security state throughout the software lifetime.
Replication of plastic microlens arrays using electroforming and precision compression molding

Abstract Plastic microlens arrays as a popular optical component has been used in wide range of optical devices because of its low cost, high quality, and easy fabrication using simple methods. Although fabrication techniques for microlens arrays have advanced considerably in recent years, non molding-based methods however are usually not suitable for mass production. On the other hand, molding-based methods have high production rate, but these techniques are less capable of creating complex optical components due to restrictions in mold making processes. To deal with these limitations, a process based on electroforming of nickel is introduced to replicate mold inserts directly from a plastic microlens array, which itself can be fabricated by any fabrication methods with high flexibility such as diamond turning. Then, using the plated mold insert in precision compression molding, microlens arrays are replicated. In this research, by using the proposed method, a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microlens array was replicated to a nickel-plated mold first from another plastic microlens array then mass-produced using compression molding process. To evaluate the suggested method, properties of both microlens arrays, the initial and the replicated microlens arrays by the proposed process were investigated for geometrical accuracy, surface quality, and optical performance. The results demonstrated a promising technique to manufacture microlens arrays with high production rate. By combining this method with other microlens array fabrication techniques, it is possible to fill the gap between low volume fabrication methods for plastic microlens arrays and the demand for mass production. In addition, this method can also be used to fabricate plastic optical components with complex geometries.
An independent evaluation of laboratory staffing needs: Launching the forensic laboratory workforce calculator

The 2019 NIJ Report to Congress on the needs of the forensic science community [1] highlighted the staffing deficit of forensic scientists by more than 900 positions. The Report emphasized the impact of the opioid crisis and the evolution of synthetic opioids on the demands for forensic laboratories. The resource drain attributable to the opioid crisis has filtered into all other areas of investigation as laboratories divert limited resources from other uses to meet the high demand in drug chemistry and toxicology from opioid abuse. We introduce the forensic laboratory workforce calculator, a tool that any forensic laboratory may use to evaluate their current personnel allocation and estimate any under- or over-staffing to meet current or estimated caseloads. The forensic laboratory workforce calculator is available free to any laboratory through the Forensic Technology Center of Excellence website.