cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studying network dynamics in digital ecosystems

One of the main fields in which the research on Digital Ecosystems has been fruitfully applied is the networking field, with the aim of discovering the dynamics of relationships among the entities of the ecosystems. Following this research direction, this paper addresses the problem of predicting social dynamics of a network in order to emphasize the relationships and the potentials for collaboration and transmission of knowledge, as well as the nature and intensity of the inner sub-networks. To do this, a multi-layer Hidden Markov Model has been applied, which allows predicting the evolution of the interests and intensity of the overall network, based on the most probable evolution of each sub-network (e.g., if it increases, decreases, appears, etc.). This model has been tested using data from a large, realistic network and the prediction accuracy rate has been evaluated.
Resuscitation-induced intestinal edema decreases the stiffness and residual stress of the intestine.

Abstract-We have shown that acute edema impairs intestinal transit and we wanted to know whether this could be from changes in the physical characteristics of the intestine. Our hypothesis was that acute edema will change the physical characteristics of the intestine, which were measured by standard
Synapse: a microservices architecture for heterogeneous-database web applications

The growing demand for data-driven features in today's Web applications -- such as targeting, recommendations, or predictions -- has transformed those applications into complex conglomerates of services operating on each others' data without a coherent, manageable architecture. We present Synapse, an easy-to-use, strong-semantic system for large-scale, data-driven Web service integration. Synapse lets independent services cleanly share data with each other in an isolated and scalable way. The services run on top of their own databases, whose layouts and engines can be completely different, and incorporate read-only views of each others' shared data. Synapse synchronizes these views in real-time using a new scalable, consistent replication mechanism that leverages the high-level data models in popular MVC-based Web applications to replicate data across heterogeneous databases. We have developed Synapse on top of the popular Web framework Ruby-on-Rails. It supports data replication among a wide variety of SQL and NoSQL databases, including MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, Neo4j, and Elasticsearch. We and others have built over a dozen microservices using Synapse with great ease, some of which are running in production with over 450,000 users.
Synthesis and analysis of visually perceived forms by young children.

Summary.-Visual synthesis and analysis of geometric figures were correlated .69, using kindergarten and firsr-grade Ss. Both skills were correlated with more complex visual construction and Block Design, averaging .62. All 4 tasks were correlated with age (averaging SO) and vocabulary (averaging .33) but only the complex tasks were correlated with SES (averaging .34). Types of errors were analyzed. Basic perceptual abilities evidently operate in both synthesis and analysis and these visual skills are strongly related to higher level cognitive functioning. Investigations of visual form perception in young children have dealt chiefly with discrimination and analysis; synthesis has received comparatively little attention. The present study investigated the relationship between accuracy in synthesizing and analyzing visual materials and, also, the relationships of these skills to higher level cognitive tasks. Surprisingly, the one previous study in which both synthesis and analysis were measured (Birch & Lefford, 1967) did not yield a significant correlation between the two abilities. In the synthesis task, Ss were required to select from given lines those that could be used to construct a presented geometric figure. However, the whole figure and parts were always in view together, so Ss could look back and forth, analyze the elements of the figure and reason through a solution; a perceptual synthesis was not necessarily required. In the present study, a new visual synthesis task assessed the ability to recognize a whole geometric figure after the parts had been shown and then removed. Analysis was defined as ability to point out specified lines or angles on whole figures. The Birch and Lefford synthesis task, called "visual construction" here, was considered to tap higher level intellectual processes. Block Design was included as anothet complex cognitive task, one known to be correlated with certain visual skills (Witkin, et al., 1962). It was hypothesized that the four measures, namely, visual synthesis, visual analysis, visual construction, and Block Design, would be positively correlated. Fundamental perceptual processes are probably involved in each task and accuracy of visual perception would affect performance on intellectual tasks based on visual materials; conversely, Ss' level of cognitive development and command of conceptual catetgories can also influence what he perceives (Piaget, 1961; Bmner, 1957).
Inside windows azure: the challenges and opportunities of a cloud operating system

Cloud operating systems provide on-demand, scalable compute and storage resources. They allow service developers to focus on their business logic by simplifying many portions of their service, including resource management, provisioning, monitoring, and application lifecycle management. This talk describes some of the technical challenges faced, as well as emergent opportunities created, by Microsoft's cloud operating system Windows Azure.
Random Activities Theory: The Case for 'Black Swan' Criminology

In the United States, infamous crimes against innocent victims—especially children—have repeatedly been regarded as justice system “failures” and resulted in reactionary legislation enacted without regard to prospective negative consequences. This pattern in part results when ‘memorial crime control’ advocates implicitly but inappropriately apply the tenets of routine activities theory, wherein crime prevention is presumed to be achievable by hardening likely targets, increasing the costs associated with crime commission, and removing criminal opportunity. In response, the authors argue that academic and public policy discourse will benefit from the inclusion of a new criminological perspective called random activities theory, in which tragic crimes are framed as rare but statistically inevitable ‘Black Swans’ instead of justice system failures. Potential objections and implications for public policy are discussed at length.
Action of light and streptomycin on protein synthesis in cabbage seedlings

The action of light on protein synthesis was examined in the cabbage seedlings, a system extensively used in the studies of anthocyanin synthesis. Continuous red and far red light have no effect on total protein content while they cause a marked decrease in the level of free amino acids in cabbage seedlings. The rate of protein synthesis, measured as incorporation of radioaetively-labelled amino acids into proteins, is clearly stimulated by light. Phytochrome involvement in the light stimulation of the incorporation is also demonstrated by the red-far red reversibility of the response. The relative effectiveness of continuous red and far red light upon the incorporation of amino acids into proteins is affected by the nature of the system used to study the incorporation process. When excised cotyledons and short period of incorporation were used, continuous far red was more effective than red. However, when whole seedlings and long period of incorporation were used, red and far red were equally effective. Streptomycin causes a 10– 15% decrease in the rate of incorporation of amino acids into proteins of all cellular fractions, except the plastid fraction where a much higher inhibition (30%) was observed.
Consumer perspectives on assistive technology outcomes.

AbstractPurpose: The current study explored domains of assistive technology (AT) device outcomes that are most valued by AT users. A secondary objective was to identify elements in the device acquisition process that affect outcomes.Method: Focus groups were conducted at geographically dispersed locations within the USA. The groups were moderated by experienced AT practitioners who followed a detailed procedure emphasizing a nominal group facilitation technique.Results: Twenty-four adult AT users, representing a range of ages and disability populations, participated in four focus groups. Many had over 15 years of experience with multiple device types. Qualitative analysis yielded 13 threads that embodied salient outcome domains (e.g. independence, subjective well-being, participation in work and school, cost-effectiveness) and key factors associated with the device acquisition process (e.g. lengthy periods of frustration, variable quality of service providers). Ironically, these data were evoked only afte...
Correlates of obesity in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: comparison of genetic, demographic, disease-related, life history and dietary factors.

Correlates of obesity in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: comparison of genetic, demographic, disease-related, life history and dietary factors
“On-line” monitoring of jaw movements in the pigeon

Abstract A system for the monitoring of jaw movements in the pigeon is described. A Hall-effect device mounted on the pigeon's upper beak is used to sense voltage changes induced by variations in the position of a magnet mounted on the lower beak. Analogue voltage changes are digitized and monitored by a microprocessor. The system produces data comparable to that obtained using high speed cinematography but permits “on-line” measurements of gape and increases the rapidity of data acquisition and analysis. It may be used to monitor beak movements during consumatory (eating, drinking) and conditioned (key-pecking) behaviors.
An analytical index to the internet : Dreams of utopia

All the current methods of accessing Internet resources fall short when it comes to locating discrete pieces of information and digital objects. One solution to this problem is to create analytical indexes to the Internet. This article explores the need for analytical indexes by looking at current Internet access, traditional bibliographic control, and Web site design. A discussion of some of the issues and problems concerning the development of these indexes, including the design and the resource selection process, emphasizes the impossibility of a comprehensive analytical index to the Internet. The creation of small, focused indexes may be the best solution for accessing specific types of digital information.
Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in Cultured Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts vs. Human Gingival Fibroblasts by DNA Microarray Analysis

Despite their similar spindle-shaped appearance, periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) and gingival fibroblasts (GF) appear to display distinct functional activities in the maintenance of tissue integrity and during inflammatory/immune responses. We postulated that different characteristics of PDLF and GF are defined by the differential expression of specific genes. To test this, we investigated the possible variance of gene expression profile between cultured PDLF and GF, using DNA microarray technology. One hundred sixty-three genes were found differentially expressed by at least three-fold between PDLF and GF. Genes encoding transmembrane proteins and cytoskeleton-related proteins tended to be up-regulated in PDLF, whereas genes encoding cell-cycle regulation proteins and metabolism-related proteins tended to be up-regulated in GF. We concluded that PDLF and GF appear to display different gene expression patterns that may reflect intrinsic functional differences of the two cell populations and may well coordinate with their tissue-specific activities.
The Importance of Thermodynamic Interactions on the Dynamics of Multicomponent Polymer Systems Revealed by Examination of the Dynamics of Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends

The effect of copolymer composition on their dynamics in a homopolymer matrix has been studied using specular neutron reflectivity (NR). We have monitored the segregation process of random copolymers, containing styrene (S) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), to the d-PS/d-PMMA interface from a polymer matrix. Four random copolymers containing 50, 54, 67, and 80% MMA were studied at 10 wt % loading in d-PMMA, where the interfacial excess, Z*, growth scaled as t1/2 as predicted by theory. These results are correlated to the diffusion-limited growth of a copolymer wetting layer at the d-PS/d-PMMA interface. The mutual and tracer diffusion coefficients and the effective friction coefficients for these copolymers were then determined. The results demonstrate that the copolymer composition has a significant impact on its dynamics. Copolymer dynamics are significantly faster than those for a diblock copolymer at the same composition, which indicates that the impact of the change in composition is more than that due ...
Consuming video on mobile devices

Mobile video is now an everyday possibility with a wide array of commercially available devices, services and content. These technologies promise to transform the way that people can consume video media in their lives beyond the familiar behaviours associated with fixed TV and video technologies. Building upon earlier studies of mobile video, this paper reports on a study using diary techniques and ethnographic interviews to better understand how people are using commercially available mobile video technologies in their everyday lives. Drawing on reported episodes of mobile video behaviour, the study identifies the social motivations and values underpinning these behaviours that help characterise mobile video consumption beyond the simplistic notion of viewing TV to kill time wherever you may be. Implications for adoption and design of mobile video technologies and services are discussed.
Gingival Fluid and Serum in Periodontal Diseases: II. Evidence for Cleavage of Complement Components C3, C3 Proactivator (Factor B) and C4 in Gingival Fluid

1. C3 activation products C3c and C3d can be demonstrated in gingival pocket fluid from patients with severe periodontitis. 2. Quantitatively, C3d levels in GF are comparable to levels attained consequent to immune-complex and tryptic activation of human serum. 3. The alternate pathway of complement activation occurs in the periodontal pocket, as demonstrated by conversion of C3 proactivator (Factor B) to C3-activator Bb. 4. C4 is present in an altered form in some, but not all, GF's. This form is electrophoretically similar to that generated from serum by C1s and several proteolytic enzymes.
Prioritizing and quantifying the risk of outstanding corrective actions

Abstract This paper presents methods for assessing the risk of outstanding corrective actions, and describes how the methods were applied at a nuclear power station. The methods are motivated by a current industry focus on risk-informed operation and a current NRC focus on risk-informed regulation. Application of the methods provides: (1) a risk-informed basis for establishing schedules and allocating resources to implement corrective actions; (2) a risk-informed basis for justifying continued operation until corrective actions are implemented.
Androgen receptor-immunoreactivity in the forebrain of the Eastern Fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus)

Androgen receptor (AR) distribution in the lizard forebrain and optic tectum was examined using PG21 immunohistochemistry. In the male Eastern Fence lizard, AR-immunoreactive (-ir) nuclei were observed in the medial preoptic area, ventromedial and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei, periventricular hypothalamus, premammillary nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and ventral posterior amygdala. Punctate immunostaining of neuronal processes (axons and/or dendrites) was concentrated in the cortex, hypothalamus, and optic tectum. AR-ir nuclei in the female brain were confined to the ventral posterior amygdala and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. The AR distribution in the lizard brain is similar to that reported for other vertebrate classes. Sex differences in AR-immunoreactivity may contribute to sex-specific behaviors in the Eastern Fence lizard.
Airway management before chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer.

Background Patients with upper aerodigestive tract tumors can have development of airway compromise both before and during chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Tracheotomy is the classic method for securing a safe airway, but tumor debulking may also be used. Methods This was a retrospective review of locoregionally advanced tumors of the base of tongue, larynx, or hypopharynx undergoing CRT between 1995 and 2007. Results Forty-two of the 109 patients presented with signs or symptoms of airway obstruction. Of these, 28 underwent tracheotomy before CRT, and 11 had tumor debulking. Two of the 11 patients who underwent debulking required tracheotomy within 1 year after CRT for persistent edema and fibrosis. Larynx tumors were more likely to require tracheotomy or debulking than other tumors (p = .01). Conclusions Debulking is a safe and effective alternative to tracheotomy in select patients with tumor-related airway obstruction before CRT. Patients who undergo debulking should be monitored closely for recurrence of airway compromise during and after CRT. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Studies on camptothecin-induced degradation and apparent reaggregation of DNA from L1210 cells

Abstract Analysis of DNA from L1210 cells treated with camptothecin on alkaline sucrose gradients indicates that the cellular DNA is degraded within one minute at 37°. Degradation also occurs at 0°. Reaggregation of the DNA occurred rapidly at 37°, slowly at 0°. Acriflavine (1 μg/ml) has similar rapid effects on the sedimentation of DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients but does not rapidly inhibit RNA synthesis as does camptothecin.
Formation of Zn- and Fe-sulfides near hydrothermal vents at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center: implications for sulfide bioavailability to chemoautotrophs

The speciation of dissolved sulfide in the water immediately surrounding deep-ocean hydrothermal vents is critical to chemoautotrophic organisms that are the primary producers of these ecosystems. The objective of this research was to identify the role of Zn and Fe for controlling the speciation of sulfide in the hydrothermal vent fields at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) in the southern Pacific Ocean. Compared to other well-studied hydrothermal systems in the Pacific, the ELSC is notable for unique ridge characteristics and gradients over short distances along the north-south ridge axis. In June 2005, diffuse-flow ( 250°C) vent fluids were collected from four field sites along the ELSC ridge axis. Total and filtered Zn and Fe concentrations were quantified in the vent fluid samples using voltammetric and spectrometric analyses. The results indicated north-to-south variability in vent fluid composition. In the high temperature vent fluids, the ratio of total Fe to total Zn varied from 39 at Kilo Moana, the most northern site, to less than 7 at the other three sites. The concentrations of total Zn, Fe, and acid-volatile sulfide indicated that oversaturation and precipitation of sphalerite (ZnS(s)) and pyrite (FeS2(s)) were possible during cooling of the vent fluids as they mixed with the surrounding seawater. In contrast, most samples were undersaturated with respect to mackinawite (FeS(s)). The reactivity of Zn(II) in the filtered samples was tested by adding Cu(II) to the samples to induce metal-exchange reactions. In a portion of the samples, the concentration of labile Zn2+ increased after the addition of Cu(II), indicating the presence of strongly-bound Zn(II) species such as ZnS clusters and nanoparticles. Results of this study suggest that Zn is important to sulfide speciation at ELSC vent habitats, particularly at the southern sites where Zn concentrations increase relative to Fe. As the hydrothermal fluids mix with the ambient seawater, Zn-sulfide clusters and nanoparticles are likely preventing sulfide oxidation by O2 and reducing bioavailability of S(-II) to organisms.
Effects of Gramicidin on Corn Mitochondria

The effects of gramicidin D, S, and J on corn mitochondria respiration and swelling were studied. Only gramicidin D was found to have any pronounced effect on mitochondrial swelling. In buffered KCl gramicidin D produced a rapid, respiration-independent swelling which was not reversed with respiratory inhibitors or substrate exhaustion. The respiration rate of exogenous reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was stimulated by all three gramicidins, but the effects on malate-pyruvate and succinate respiration depended on the type of gramicidin and the reaction media. The respiration effects of gramicidin D may be due to action at specific sites for each substrate.
Biliverdin Administration Prevents the Formation of Intimal Hyperplasia Induced by Vascular Injury

Background— Autologous vein grafts and balloon angioplasty are still commonly used for arterial reconstructive procedures. Their success is limited by the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH). Biliverdin (BVD), one of the by-products of heme degradation, has been shown to have potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. We hypothesized that BVD administration would protect vascular tissue against vascular injury. Methods and Results— The effects of BVD administration against IH after vascular injury were analyzed in an arterialized vein graft model and a balloon injury model in rats. BVD treatment significantly suppressed the development of IH in both models compared with those without BVD. The mechanisms by which BVD treatment inhibits IH development might include decreasing c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase activation and preventing apoptosis of endothelial cells. BVD also suppressed vascular smooth muscle cell migration in vitro. Conclusions— BVD administration prevented IH associated with arterialized...
The case against immediate neoglottic reconstruction

Neoglottic reconstruction began soon after the first laryngectomy was performed in 1866. A satisfactory resolution of the problem eludes surgeons to this day. Many surgeons prefer to delay neoglottic reconstruction after laryngectomy for the following reasons: (1) the surgeon at the primary operation devotes full attention to removing the cancer; (2) pharyngeal mucosal closure may be compromised by the additional incisions and sutures required to perform elaborate neoglottic reconstructions, risking pharyngocutaneous fistulas; (3) early attempts at phonation, with increased pharyngeal pressures, increase the strain on the pharyngoesophageal suture line; (4) patients are denied the opportunity to learn esophageal speech, the most satisfactory form of phonation, after laryngectomy; and (5) when esophageal speech cannot be learned, tracheoesophageal puncture can be precisely placed without being distorted by the scarring that sometimes accompanies healing.
General and social anxiety in the BTBR T+ tf/J mouse strain

BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that shows behavioral traits with analogies to the three diagnostic symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interests. Previous findings reveal that when compared to C57BL/6J (B6) and other inbred strains, BTBR exhibit normal to low anxiety-like traits in paradigms designed to assess anxiety-related behaviors. The current study assessed the generality of these anxiety findings. In experiment 1, B6 and BTBR mice were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM), mouse defense test battery (MDTB) and elevated zero-maze. BTBR mice exhibited an anxiogenic profile in the EPM, with a reduction in open arm time and an increase in risk assessment behaviors, as compared to B6. In the MDTB, BTBR showed enhanced vocalization to the predator, and significantly less locomotor activity than B6 in the pre-threat situation, but significantly more locomotion than B6 following exposure to a predator threat, suggesting enhanced defensiveness to the predator. In the zero-maze, BTBR mice showed a significantly higher number of entries and time spent in the open segments of the apparatus, when compared to B6. In experiment 2, a three-chambered social preference test was used to evaluate effects of the systemic administration of an anxiolytic compound, diazepam, on B6 and BTBR social approach. Diazepam consistently increased time in the compartment containing the social stimulus, for both B6 and BTBR mice. However, in the vehicle treated groups, B6 mice spent significantly more time while BTBR mice spent significantly less time in the social stimulus compartment; after diazepam administration both B6 and BTBR strains significantly preferred the social stimulus chamber. These results suggest that while the anxiety responses of BTBR mice to novel situations (EPM and zero-maze) are inconsistent, BTBR mice appear to be more defensive to animate threat stimuli (predator or another mouse). Reduction of anxiety by diazepam normalized the social preference of BTBR for a mouse stimulus in the three-chambered test.
Suspension plasma sprayed composite coating using amorphous powder feedstock

Abstract Al2O3–ZrO2 composite coatings were deposited by the suspension plasma spray process using molecularly mixed amorphous powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the as-sprayed coating is composed of α-Al2O3 and tetragonal ZrO2 phases with grain sizes of 26 nm and 18 nm, respectively. The as-sprayed coating has 93% density with a hardness of 9.9 GPa. Heat treatment of the as-sprayed coating reveals that the Al2O3 and ZrO2 phases are homogeneously distributed in the composite coating.
Amino Acid Substitutions for T75 in KCSA Alter Ion Selectivity

The K+/Na+ ion selectivity of the bacterial ion channel KcsA is ≈400. We have shown from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that entry of the ions into the selectivity filter of KcsA is associated with a free energy barrier that is approximately 3.7 kcal/mol higher for Na+ than for K+, and that this free energy barrier effectively excludes Na+ from the selectivity filter of KcsA. Na+ is stabilized just outside the selectivity filter of KcsA in the water-filled central cavity (vestibule) by interactions with the side chain of the T75 residues of each KcsA subunit. In silico amino acid substitutions were made for T75 in KcsA to serine, valine, and cysteine in order to examine the consequences of replacing the side chain groups in threonine on Na+ and K+ permeation. Threonine has side chain methyl and hydroxyl groups, and serine has a proton and a hydroxyl group, valine has two methyl groups, and cysteine has a proton and a thiol group in their side chains. Single Na+ or K+ ions were pulled through the wild type and mutant channels using a step-wise pulling protocol and Jarzynski's Equality to obtain work distributions and free energy values for each ion moving through the channel. The simulations showed that valine and serine excluded both Na+ and K+ from the selectivity filter under conditions where the wild type channel excluded only Na+; however, cysteine allowed both ions to enter the selectivity filter. These results suggest that mutant KcsA channels having serine, valine, or cysteine in the position of T75 will have reduced K+/Na+ selectivity. The simulations also indicate that differential dehydration of the ions is not correlated with changes in ion selectivity in the mutants.
Time-varying risk factors for long-term mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Background There is a substantial literature on short-term mortality risk factors for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. However, very few studies have examined risk factors for long-term mortality. Methods We analyzed 56,543 veterans who underwent CABG surgery at one of 43 VA cardiac surgery centers between October 1, 1991, and March 30, 2001. Each patient was followed for a minimum of 3.5 months and a maximum of 9.5 years for mortality assessment. The time-varying effects of 22 mortality preoperative risk factors were evaluated using both standard Cox regression models and Cox B-spline regression models. Results Six variables showed significant varying effects over time on mortality after surgery. The effects of previous heart surgery or preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump carried about 5 times and 3 times the risk, respectively, of dying on the first day after surgery, but were not significant during long-term follow-up. Conversely, diabetes had little additional risk immediately after surgery, but the risk increased steadily and doubled at 9.5 years after surgery. Three other risk variables—age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and urgent or emergent status—also had risk changing by 50% to 60% over the next decade. Most of the other 16 risk variables were significantly associated with mortality, but the risk did not vary substantially over time. Conclusions Risk associated with some preoperative variables can change significantly during the decade after surgery, and risk assessments that assume constant risk during the postoperative period may substantially overestimate or underestimate risk at some times. These findings may help clinicians identify appropriate management strategies for patients during the years after CABG surgery, and support an emphasis on noncardiac comorbidities during later postoperative periods.
Synthesis and reactivity of bridging bis(alkyl) and bis(alkylidene) complexes derived from the chiral rhenium fragment [η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)]+

Abstract Reactions of Li + [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) Re(NO)(PPh 3 )] − and TfO(CH 2 n OTf(0.5 equiv.; a , n = 3; b , n = 4; c , n = 5; d , n = 8) give the bridging bis(alkyl) complexes (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Re(NO)(PPh 3 (CH 2 ) n (PPh 3 ) (NO)Re (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) ( 7a-d , 80–89%) as 50–75:50–25 mixtures of configurational diastercomers ( meso, dl ). Reactions of 7 and Ph 3 C + PF 6 − (2 equiv.) give the bridging bis(alkylidene) complexes [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) Re(NO)(PPh 3 (=CH(CH 2 ) n -2 HC=)(PPh 3 )(NO)Re(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )] 2+ 2PF 6 − ( 3a-d , 76–93%). When heated in chlorobenzene, 3c and 3d rearrange ( k obs = 3.9 × 10 −5 s −1 , 3c , 72°C; 6.3 × 10 −5 s −1 , 3d , 66°C) to the bridging bis(alkene) complexes [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Re(NO)(PPh 3 (H 2 CCH(CH 2 ) n -4 HCCH 2 )-(PPh 3 )(NO)Re(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )] 2+ 2PF 6 − ( 5c,d 2+ 2PF 6 − , 90–97%). No cycloalkene complexes derived from ReCHR/ReCHR coupling are detected. Complexes 5c 2+ 2BF 4 − and 5d 2+ 2BF 4 − are independently prepared by reactions of (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Re(NO)(PPh 3 )(CH 3 ), HBF 4 ·OEt 2 and α,ω-dienes in chlorobenzene.
Effects of Ligation and Folding on Reduction Potentials of Heme Proteins

Ferrocytochrome c (Fe(II)cyt c) is ∼10 kcal/mol (410 meV) more stable toward unfolding than Fe(III)cyt c, owing mainly to the stabilization of the ferroheme by hydrophobic encapsulation and enhanced iron−methionine bonding. To determine the magnitudes of these two components, we have measured the binding constants of N-acetylmethionine (AcMet) and imidazole to ferric and ferrous N-acetylmicroperoxidase-8 (AcMP8), a heme-containing proteolytic fragment of cyt c. Our results show that the AcMet affinity of the heme significantly increases upon reduction, as confirmed by electrochemical measurements, and this increase accounts for 130 meV of the 410-meV stability difference between Fe(II)- and Fe(III)cyt c. A 240-mV upshift in reduction potential in the folded protein is attributed mainly to water exclusion from the heme environment, based on an analysis of the potentials of eight structurally characterized c-type cytochromes. Our analysis shows that the potentials of heme proteins can be tuned by roughly 50...
QAV: querying entity-attribute-value metadata in a biomedical database

Entity-attribute-value (EAV) data organization is increasingly used for knowledge representation for complex heterogeneous biomedical databases. When delivered in relational form for production applications the simplicity of EAV storage is offset by difficulty of set-based data retrieval. We describe a client-server application, QAV, that is designed to perform set-based query on the Columbia MED dataset, a large medical metadata repository that has been the focus of much research. QAV interacts with the user through a graphical front end and generates a series of SQL statements that are sent to the server for the actual data retrieval.
A feminist therapy application of the boundary model with obese female binge eaters

Abstract Increasing empirical attention is being paid to understanding the etiology, course, and duration of binge eating disorder, and numerous types of treatment for this disorder are currently available. This article examines binge eating disorder and discusses problematic issues in its current treatments from a feminist therapy perspective. A model conceptualizing the regulation of food intake and binge eating is presented. Clinical applications of the model consistent with principles of feminist therapy are suggested.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Generator Field Coil with Influence of Thermal AC losses

As high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes approach commercially acceptable performance levels, attention should be paid to how to utilize these tapes in real applications. Coils with high temperature superconducting (HTS) are generally stable against transient thermal disturbances. Protection against spontaneous quenches is not a main design issue for an HTS coil. However, HTS coils used in many electric devices such as motors, generators, transformers, and current limiters will operate under over-current fault conditions, which may result in a coil quench and thermal runaway. Those electric devices should be able to ride through some grid fault conditions and remain functional. This requires a certain over-current capability of the HTS coils. This paper discusses the over-current requirements from grid faults and the thermal transient responses of a Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (BSCCO) coil. It presents the analysis results of the coil subjected to over-current pulses at different operating conditions. It also focuses on the AC losses due the combined effect of transport currents and magnetic fields oriented parallel to the surface of the tape, as is the situation in a large part of a coil. At the ends of a coil the magnetic field contains a component perpendicular to the surface of the tape.
High-resolution microwave spectra of solar bursts

A phenomenological and statistical study of flares observed in total power with the frequency-agile interferometer at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory during several months of high solar activity in 1981 is reported. Roughly 80 percent of the events have a complex spectrum consisting of more than one spectral component, implying that the microwave radiation of a burst usually does not come from a single homogeneous source. The presence of more than one component can lead to significant errors when data with low spectral resolution are used to determine the low-side spectral index. The low-frequency slope of a single spectra component is often steeper than expected, and the peak frequency stays nearly constant throughout a microwave event.
The Al-Sc (aluminum-scandium) system

The assessed A1-Sc p h a s e d i ag ram (Fig. 1) incorpora tes p rev ious ly u n p u b l i s h e d da ta for Al r i ch al loys, e x p e r i m e n t a l work on en tha lp ies o f m i x i n g o f the l iquid phase , and a the rmod y n a m i c ca lcu la t ion o f the d iagram. Th i s e v a l u a t i o n supercedes tha t of [89Gsc] . The en t i r e c o m p o s i t i o n and t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e o f the A1Sc p h a s e d i a g r a m was i n v e s t i g a t e d by [65Nau] w i t h t h e r m a l and m i c r o s t r u c t u r a l ana lys i s . S a m p l e s w e r e p r e p a r e d f r o m 99 .99 w t . % pu re AI and 99 .5 w t .% pu re Sc. T h e o c c u r r e n c e o f the i n t e r m e t a l l i c p h a s e s A13Sc, A12Sc, A1Sc, and A1Sc 2 was e s t ab l i shed . T h e s e p h a s e i den t i f i c a t i ons we re ve r i f i ed by s u b s e q u e n t c rys ta l s t r uc tu r e s tud ies and are c o n s i s t e n t w i t h the s y s t e m a t i c t rends in A1-RE s y s t e m s [83Gsc] . T h e inv a r i a n t r e a c t i o n s are s u m m a r i z e d in Table 1. E x c e p t fo r t he A l r i c h r e g i o n (Fig. 2 and 3), da ta o f [65Nau] we re u s e d to c o n s t r u c t the a s se s sed d i a g r a m . [65Nau] e s t ima ted the so lubi l i ty of A1 in (otSc) to b e 4 at .%, bu t they d id not examine m a n y a l loys or inves t iga te the t em-
Elastic interaction of spherical nanoinhomogeneities with Gurtin-Murdoch type interfaces

Abstract A complete solution has been obtained for the problem of multiple interacting spherical inhomogeneities with a Gurtin–Murdoch interface model that includes both surface tension and surface stiffness effects. For this purpose, a vectorial spherical harmonics-based analytical technique is developed. This technique enables solution of a wide class of elasticity problems in domains with spherical boundaries/interfaces and makes fulfilling the vectorial boundary or interface conditions a routine procedure. A general displacement solution of the single-inhomogeneity problem is sought in a form of a series of the vectorial solutions of the Lame equation. This solution is valid for any non-uniform far-field load and it has a closed form for polynomial loads. The superposition principle and re-expansion formulas for the vectorial solutions of the Lame equation extend this theory to problems involving multiple inhomogeneities. The developed semi-analytical technique precisely accounts for the interactions between the nanoinhomogeneities and constitutes an efficient computational tool for modeling nanocomposites. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and numerical efficiency of the approach and show the nature and extent to which the elastic interactions between the nanoinhomogeneities with interface stress affect the elastic fields around them.
Localization of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD in the Rat Cochlea

Distributions of the copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the rat cochlea were studied by immunohistochemistry with specific polyclonal antibodies to Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD. Coexpression of Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD was observed in the cochlear tissues with differing immunoactivity intensities. The presence of Cu/Zn- and Mn-SOD implies the existence of a defense system against free oxygen radical (FOR) injury in cochlear tissues.
Hydroxyl radical reactivity with nitrobenzene in subcritical and supercritical water.

The bimolecular rate constants of the addition reaction between hydroxyl radical (*OH) and nitrobenzene (C(6)H(5)NO(2)) were measured in subcritical and supercritical water (SCW) at temperatures between ambient and 390 degrees C. The measured bimolecular rate constants showed distinctly non-Arrhenius behavior (i.e., essentially no increase with temperature) from ambient to 350 degrees C, but increased in the slightly subcritical and supercritical region between 350 and 390 degrees C. These data were modeled reasonably well over the entire temperature range with a three-step reaction mechanism, originally proposed by Ashton et al.(1) This model includes the formation of a pi-complex intermediate as the precursor of the nitrohydroxycyclohexadienyl radical.
Grammar Engineering for CCG using Ant and XSLT

Corpus conversion and grammar extraction have traditionally been portrayed as tasks that are performed once and never again revisited (Burke et al., 2004). We report the successful implementation of an approach to these tasks that facilitates the improvement of grammar engineering as an evolving process. Taking the standard version of the CCGbank (Hockenmaier and Steedman, 2007) as input, our system then introduces greater depth of linguistic insight by augmenting it with attributes the original corpus lacks: Propbank roles and head lexicalization for case-marking prepositions (Boxwell and White, 2008), derivational re-structuring for punctuation analysis (White and Rajkumar, 2008), named entity annotation and lemmatization. Our implementation applies successive XSLT transforms controlled by Apache Ant (http://ant.apache.org/) to an XML translation of this corpus, finally producing an OpenCCG grammar (http://openccg.sourceforge.net/). This design is beneficial to grammar engineering both because of XSLT's unique suitability to performing arbitrary transformations of XML trees and the fine-grained control that Ant provides. The resulting system enables state-of-the-art BLEU scores for surface realization on section 23 of the CCGbank.
Stress Echocardiography. Part I. Exercise Echocardiography: Techniques, Implementation, Clinical Applications, and Correlations

Objective To describe the techniques and applications of exercise echocardiography. Design We review pertinent experimental and clinical studies from the literature and present our experience with the first 2,000 patients who underwent exercise echocardiography in our laboratory. Material and Methods The indications for and contraindications to exercise echocardiography and the advantages, limitations, and accuracy of this procedure in comparison with other techniques for detecting coronary artery disease are discussed. Results Exercise echocardiography is increasingly used for the noninvasive evaluation of coronary artery disease because, in addition to its diagnostic capabilities, it offers attractive features such as portability, versatility, rapid availability of results, and relatively low cost. For accurate interpretation of the results, the workload achieved and the time between completion of exercise and image acquisition must be considered. The major limitation of exercise echo-cardiography is the high degree of operator dependence. For accurate interpretation of regional wall motion abnormalities and recognition of ischemic changes, specific training and extensive experience are necessary. Conclusion Although exercise echocardiography has only relatively recently become a widely used technique, it has proved to have considerable accuracy in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (mean sensitivity, 84%; mean specificity, 87%). In high-volume laboratories, feasibility studies have shown success rates between 90 and 99 %; thus far, reproducibility has been satisfactory. Other applications of exercise echocardiography being studied are follow-up monitoring after revascularization, determination of prognosis, and assessment of valvular heart disease.
Sclerosis of the Mastoid Air Cells as an Indicator of Undiagnosed Otitis Media in Children With Down's Syndrome

We hypothesized that many children with Down's syndrome have undiagnosed otitis media. In a 1989 study of lateral neck radiographs of 22 children with Down's syndrome, we found that 64% had sclerosis of the mastoid air cells, indicating untreated or inadequately treated otitis media. We reviewed the lateral neck radiographs of 53 children with Down's syndrome and interviewed their parents regarding the diagnosis of otitis media. Mastoid air cells were found to be sclerotic in 22 (42%) of study subjects; 32% of these had no known history of otitis media. For the 68% of children diagnosed as having had otitis media, the most common symptoms were fever (61%) and cough or coryza (58%). Sclerosis of the mastoid processes was not associated with a high frequency of otitis media (> 20 episodes) or a higher frequency of hearing loss, but was associated with subsequent myringotomy and insertion of a ventilatory tube (P = .038). Our finding of sclerotic mastoids in 42% of children with Down's syndrome raises the possibility that children with Down's syndrome have unidentified or inadequately treated episodes of otitis media.
ESTIMATING THE RATE OF SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS FROM THE DISCOVERY RECORD

The discovery record of introduced species reflects a combination of the introduction process and the discovery process. For this reason, the discovery record does not provide a direct proxy for the record of introductions. We describe a general method for estimating the rate of introductions from the discovery record. The method is based on a statistical model of the discovery record that includes both the introduction and discovery processes. The method is illustrated using the discovery record of introduced species in the San Francisco estuary (California, USA). The estimated mean rate of introductions increases from 0.3 introductions in 1850 to 2.3 introductions in 1995.
SIV/HIV nef Recombinant Virus (SHIVnef) Produces Simian AIDS in Rhesus Macaques

The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) nef gene is an important determinant of viral load and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in macaques. A role(s) for the HIV-1 nef gene in infection and pathogenesis was investigated by constructing recombinant viruses in which the nef gene of the pathogenic molecular clone SIVmac239 nef was replaced with either HIV-1sf2nef or HIV-1sf33nef. These chimeras, designated SHIV-2nef and SHIV-33nef, expressed HIV-1 Nef protein and replicated efficiently in cultures of rhesus macaque lymphoid cells. In two SHIV-2nef-infected juvenile rhesus macaques and in one of two SHIV-33nef-infected juvenile macaques, virus loads remained at low levels in both peripheral blood and lymph nodes in acute and chronic phases of infection (for >83 weeks). In striking contrast, the second SHIV-33nef-infected macaque showed high virus loads during the chronic stage of infection (after 24 weeks). CD4+ T-cell numbers declined dramatically in this latter animal, which developed simian AIDS (SAIDS) at 47-53 weeks after inoculation; virus was recovered at necropsy at 53 weeks and designated SHIV-33Anef. Sequence analysis of the HIV-1sf33 nef gene in SHIV-33Anef revealed four consistent amino acid changes acquired during passage in vivo. Interestingly, one of these consensus mutations generated a tyr-x-x-leu (Y-X-X-L) motif in the HIV-1sf33 Nef protein. This motif is characteristic of certain endocytic targeting sequences and also resembles a src-homology region-2 (SH-2) motif found in many cellular signaling proteins. Four additional macaques infected with SHIV-33Anef contained high virus loads, and three of these animals progressed to fatal SAIDS. Several of the consensus amino acid changes in Nef, including Y-X-X-L motif, were retained in these recipient animals exhibiting high virus load and disease. In summary, these findings indicate that the SHIV-33Anef chimera is pathogenic in rhesus macaques and that this approach, i.e., construction of chimeric viruses, will be important for analyzing the function(s) of HIV-1 nef genes in immunodeficiency in vivo, testing antiviral therapies aimed at inhibiting AIDS, and investigating adaptation of this HIV-1 accessory gene to the macaque host.
Self-balancing SQUID based susceptibility bridge

Abstract A simple, self-balancing susceptibility bridge, using a programmable ratio transformer controlled by a microcomputer, is described.
What Do Leaders Recall About Their Multisource Feedback

We examined 145 leaders' recall of their multisource feedback (MSF) 9 months after receiving the feedback. Leaders recalled more strengths than weaknesses, but these memories had only a small relat...