cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Durability Investigation of Pt / TiO2 Nanotube Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

We examined the durability of Pt sputtered onto TiO 2 nanotubes (Pt/TONTs) using accelerated durability tests and extended fuel cell operation time. From the cyclic voltammograms, a threshold potential was found at 0.75 V, below which there was an oxide-free Pt surface that showed the best catalytic activity for the O 2 reduction reaction. The Pt/TONT catalyst was durable, as shown by only small amounts of degradation of the active surface area and power values. We suggest that the catalytic activity of Pt/TONT catalyst does not show any dissolution or agglomeration such as is well known for Pt on carbon supports.
Spinstand control characterization of an electromagnetic slider microactuator

Increasing areal densities in disc drives require high performance servo tracking systems to attenuate runout. High bandwidth, large stroke microactuators are used to improve positioning accuracy by eliminating disturbances at higher frequencies. This paper details modeling and servo control of an electromagnetic slider microactuator designed at Seagate and its promise as a solution for high accuracy tracking control. The device has passive high frequency windage disturbance attenuation due to its structure. Controller design is developed for a single stage spinstand environment to show the device effectiveness.
Surface-soil responses to paraplowing of long-term no-tillage cropland in the Southern Piedmont USA

The type of conservation-tillage management employed could impact surface-soil properties, which could subsequently affect relationships between soil and water quality, as well as with soil C sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. We determined soil bulk density, organic C and N fractions, plant-available N, and extractable P on Typic Kanhapludults throughout a 7-year period, in which four long-term (>10 years), no-tillage (NT) water catchments (1.3–2.7 ha each) were divided into two treatments: (1) continuation of NT and (2) paraplowing (PP) in autumn (a form of non-inversion deep ripping) with NT planting. Both summer [cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)] and winter [wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.)] crops were NT planted throughout the study under each management system. Soil bulk density was reduced with PP compared with NT by as much as 0.15 Mg m � 3 , but the extent of reduction was inversely related to the time lag between PP operation and sampling event. Soil organic C became significantly enriched with time during this study under NT (0.49 Mg C ha � 1 year � 1 ), but not under PP, in which poultry litter was applied equivalent to 5.7 Mg ha � 1 year � 1 to all water catchments. Soil maintained a highly stratified depth distribution of organic C and N fractions and extractable P under both NT and PP. Inability to perform the PP operation in the last year of this study resulted in rapid convergence of soil bulk density between tillage systems, suggesting that PP had <1-year effectiveness on soil loosening. The high energy cost of PP (ca. 30 kW shank � 1 ) and the lack of sustained improvement in surface-soil properties put into question the value of PP for improving upon long-term NT management in sandy loam and sandy clay loam Ultisols of the Southern Piedmont USA, unless large effects on crop yield, water quality, or other ecosystem processes warrant its use. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The lear PS177 low energy K+ detector☆

Abstract We have constructed and used a low energy, wide energy band, large solid angle K + detector in LEAR experiment PS177. In this application, the detector is used to search for hypernuclear effects in association with fission induced in a uranium target by antiproton annihilation at rest. We identify K + in the momentum range 250–750 MeV/ c in a solid angle of 16% of 4 π sr. The yield of K + is in good agreement with predictions based on a Monte Carlo simulation and previous measurements of inclusive antiproton annihilation in uranium.
The Influence of the Mass Media on Relational Aggression among Females: A Feminist Counseling Perspective

This article highlights the nature of relational aggression among females in the mass media and how to use the same media to counteract aggression. Relationally aggressive behaviors depicted in media include backstabbing, manipulating, and gossiping. These behaviors are associated with negative mental health outcomes for girls and women. We offer counseling interventions using a feminist framework with the understanding that females develop self-identity within the context of broader sociocultural structures.
Introduction to Tucson 2016: Shades of Blue—Minerals of the World

WHAT IS IT THAT INITIALLY ATTRACTS CHILDREN, OR EVEN ADULTS, TO THE MINERAL COLLECTING HOBBY? Likely they saw a compellingly beautiful specimen, and they were hooked. Oftentimes it is the magic of ...
Style Over Substance Revisited: A Longitudinal Analysis of Intrusive Intervention

In a recent report, the authors showed that the academic intervention process, rather than the specific intervention content, was responsible for a short-term influx in at-risk student performance ...
Non-blood Product Agents for Bleeding Disorders

This chapter discussed the use of desmopressin, tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acids, estrogens, and rVIIa. Several non-plasma-derived agents exist for therapy of bleeding disorders. All of these agents share the common qualities of being relatively nonspecific and having potential life-threatening complications.
Developmental Counseling and Therapy: The Promise for Counselor Preparation

ABSTRACTDevelopmental Counseling and Therapy (DCT) provides a paradigm for understanding how individuals construct meaning in qualitatively different ways. This approach provides a model for assessing presenting issues and planning appropriate interventions based on a culturally sensitive, wellness-oriented, developmental philosophy. Strategies for teaching and supervising DCT are described, and the authors reflect upon the promise of DCT in counselor preparation.
Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez, Alaska: A New Spin on the Tonnage Clause Leaves Lower Courts and Government Taxing Authorities High and Dry

Situated on Prince William Sound at the southern terminus of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System ("TAPS"), the City of Valdez ("Valdez" or the "City") is a crucial link in the transportation chain, bringing crude oil from Alaskan oil fields to refineries in other States. In 1999, in an attempt to offset "a serious erosion of the City's tax base," Valdez adopted a city ordinance creating an ad valorem [according to value] property tax ("vessel property tax") on vessels of at least 95 feet in length docking at private facilities in the city, unless such a vessel was used primarily for commercial fishing. Valdez's rapidly declining property tax revenues were the result of the erosion of the oil and gas property portion of the city's tax base due to "a depreciation formula" agreed to by Alaska and TAPS. In June of 2009, the Supreme Court decided Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez, in which it decreed that a tax imposed by the City of Valdez, Alaska on certain vessels using city ports was unconstitutional. The judgment hinged upon the Tonnage Clause, a seldom-invoked provision of the Constitution that provides, "No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage." Prior to this ruling, the Court's Tonnage Clause jurisprudence had, for all practical purposes, reached a stable plateau, vis-a-vis its application to marine vessels. Unfortunately, rather than breathing necessary new life into a mummified constitutional provision or bringing needed clarity to an opaque area of law, the seven to two plurality opinion in Polar Tankers put an inappropriate spin on a clause whose meaning had been well settled. The ramification of the plurality's misguided action is the creation of a nebulous rule that will likely result in confusion and inconsistent outcomes as the lower courts, the States, and other taxing authorities attempt to navigate the murky waters left in the wake of the decision.After the Introduction in Part I, Part II provides background into the factual setting and history behind the Tonnage Clause and canonical cases. It continues by discussing the outcome of the dispute before the Alaska Supreme Court. Part III continues with the resolution of the Tonnage Clause issue by the Roberts Court. This portion breaks down the sequencing, characterization and semantics of the case, and then explains how a strained interpretation results in a new adulterated Tonnage Clause. Part IV concludes the article.
The Hip Bony Skeletal Studies in Cerebral Palsed Infants used the Rippstein Method

The incidence of the dislocation of the hip in cerebral palsy was reported by some authors, from 2.3per cent to 23per cent, and higher than in congenital dislocation of the hip.But the dislocation of the hip is rare in cerebral palsed infants and increased in childhood.Shaft-neck angle and anteversion of the femur were investigated in 151 cerebral palsed infants used the Rippstein method.The value of the Rippstein was satisfactory in hip screening in cerebral palsy.The results were follows:1. Shaft-neck angle and femoral anteversion were large in cerebral palsy.2. Increased femoral anteversion and decreased CE angle were observed in hip adductor contractured cases.3. No marked differences was obtained in typing studies.4. Shaft-neck angle was decreased in walking infants.5. Growth alterations in the hemiplegic infants were examimed in 34 cases. Femoral anteversion was large in affected side.CE angle was large in unaffected or less in affected side.No clear differences was obtained in shaft-neck angle.
Attitudes of Supervisors toward Short Police Officers

Although there has been much interest in the performance of short patrolmen and those of normal height (White & Bloch, 1975), there appear to be few differences. The present study was designed to explore the opinions of supervisors about short patrolmen. A 20-item questionnaire was completed anonymously by 29 supervisors whose mean age was 40.3 yr. (SD = 5.7), mean years of supervising 8.1 (SD = 4.9) on their opinions about short police officers. They were from four small departments (with 20 to 25 police officers each). Their mean height was 71.7 in.; 17 were average (68 to 72 in.); 11 were tall (more than 72 In ); and one was short (less than 68 in). Of these supervisors, 62% felt that short patrolmen receive more complaints from citizens, 62% believed that they cause more frequent disciplinary problems, 59% believed that they issue more vehicle summonses and arrests, 55% believed that they cause poor morale, 52% believed that they initiate most of the internal department complaints, and 38% believed that they are involved in more accidents than the average or tall patrolman. Tall patrolmen were believed to be least often disciplinary problems by 55% of the supervisors, and to take the most sick time (by 45% ). Patrolmen of average height were believed to receive letters of commendation more (by 93%), to give more warnings for motor vehicle violations (by 86%), to get along better with their co-workers (by 86%), to receive more job-related injuries (by 79%), and more often to be chosen as the patrolman most preferred to help a member of the supervisor's family (by 76%). Opinions about short patrolmen were not, on the whole, related to the supervisor's age, years of police work, rank, or weight. However, taller supervisors more often viewed short patrolmen as sources of poor morale, as sources of internal complaints, and as involved in more accidents. Supervisors with more years of supervising less often saw short patrolmen as making more arrests or tall patrolmen as taking more sick time. The opinions about short police officers varied also between the four departments studied. In summary, these supervisors tended to see short patrolmen as more aggressive law enforcers and as more likely to be sources of discontent in the police department. Further research is needed to discover whether these perceptions are correct.
Application of autoregressive integrated moving average model in forecasting bacillary dysentery in Dongguan City

Objective To explore the feasibility of the application of Autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) model to forecast the incidence rate of bacillary dysentery in Dongguan city,and to provide basis for prevention and control.Methods SPSS 13.0 was used to construct the ARIMA model based on the monthly incidence of bacillary dysentery in Dongguan city from January 2005 to April 2012.Thereafter,the model was used to forecast the monthly incidence of dysentery from May to Junly in 2012,and the forecast result was compared with the actual incidence.Results The model of the monthly incidence rate of bacillary dysentery in Dongguan city was ARIMA(0,0,1)(0,1,1) 12.The forecast monthly incidence rate of bacillary dysentery from May to Junly in 2012 consisted with the actual situation.Conclusion The ARIMA(0,0,1)(0,1,1) 12 model is appropriate in short-term forecasting of the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Dongguan city.
Automated detection and analysis of depolarization events in human cardiomyocytes using MaDEC

Optical imaging-based methods for assessing the membrane electrophysiology of in vitro human cardiac cells allow for non-invasive temporal assessment of the effect of drugs and other stimuli. Automated methods for detecting and analyzing the depolarization events (DEs) in image-based data allow quantitative assessment of these different treatments. In this study, we use 2-photon microscopy of fluorescent voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) to capture the membrane voltage of actively beating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs). We built a custom and freely available Matlab software, called MaDEC, to detect, quantify, and compare DEs of hiPS-CMs treated with the β-adrenergic drugs, propranolol and isoproterenol. The efficacy of our software is quantified by comparing detection results against manual DE detection by expert analysts, and comparing DE analysis results to known drug-induced electrophysiological effects. The software accurately detected DEs with true positive rates of 98-100% and false positive rates of 1-2%, at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 5 and above. The MaDEC software was also able to distinguish control DEs from drug-treated DEs both immediately as well as 10min after drug administration. HighlightsWe cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs).We used voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) to image actively beating hiPS-CMs.We built a software (MaDEC) to detect and quantify depolarization events of hiPS-CMs.MaDEC performed well in both high- and low-SNR scenarios across 3 drug treatments MaDEC is written in MATLAB and freely available.
Microarray Analysis of Embryonic Stem Cells and Differentiated Embryoid Bodies

By altering the cellular microenvironment and culture media composition, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be induced to differentiate in vitro into somatic cell types from the three primitive germ layers. ESC differentiation is regulated by an intricate series of signaling events that result in their transcriptional reprogramming, asymmetric cell division, and differentiation. Using various pharmacological agents and/or genetic manipulations, one can drive and enrich ESC differentiation to specific cell lineages. Identifying the transcriptional fingerprint during ESC differentiation could yield novel targets for genetic or pharmacological regulation to increase the yield of desirable cell types. We discuss here how to culture undifferentiated mouse ESCs (E14 line from 129/Ola) and generate embryoid bodies (EBs). We also discuss in detail how to prepare Affymetrix samples, how to hybridize and scan arrays, and how to quality control data and generate signal values and permutation based P-values.
Inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor-dependent circulatory control in intact rats.

The effects of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) inhibitors NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and methylene blue (MB) on resting hemodynamics and responses to vasodilators were studied in the intact rat anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. L-NMMA infusions (100 mg/kg) significantly increased mean blood pressure by 48%; this effect was rapidly reversed by L-arginine (300 mg/kg). MB (50 mg/kg) decreased mean blood pressure by 24%. Both MB and L-NMMA significantly attenuated the vasodepressor responses to acetylcholine, ATP, and adenosine. By use of radiolabeled microspheres, it was determined that the blood pressure increase after L-NMMA was due to a marked increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR; from 1.3 +/- 0.1 to 3.1 +/- 0.3 mmHg.ml-1.min-1) and decreased cardiac output. L-NMMA increased vascular resistance in brain, cerebellum, skin, skeletal muscle, ear, white and brown fat, kidney, spleen, hepatic artery, and gastrointestinal tract. Flow decreased in the skin, kidneys, ear, white and brown fat, gastrointestinal tract, portal venous circulation, and liver in response to L-NMMA. In contrast, MB decreased heart rate, blood pressure, and SVR significantly. MB increased blood flow and decreased vascular resistance in several organs, including the brain, and skeletal muscle. These results indicate that both MB and L-NMMA can inhibit agonist-induced EDRF-mediated vasodepressor responses. However, inhibition of agonist-induced responses did not predict the general and regional hemodynamic responses to L-NMMA or MB infusion.
Ureterocalicostomy: An Alternative to Nephrectomy

AbstractUreterocalicostomy is a procedure with limited indications but with important application in the infrequent patient in whom the more desirable methods of creating unobstructed ureteropelvic drainage cannot be used. Three children are described in whom successful ureterocalicostomy was performed. The most common condition in which ureterocalicostomy has been useful is in the obstructed and scarred, intrarenal pelvis in which a classic type of ureteropyelostomy is not possible. The most important technical consideration seems to be sufficient amputation of the lower pole renal cortex in order to free the ureterocaliceal anastomosis from the surrounding cortical tissue. The 3 cases illustrate the difficult situations in which ureterocalicostomy may be indicated and the value of this procedure in preserving maximal renal function in children.
Humility in learning: A Confucian perspective*

AbstractLittle research exists on humility in human learning and from a cultural perspective. This article reviews current research and conceptualizes humility as a basic human potential that can become a virtue when cultivated. But the cultivation depends on the cultural values placed on humility. Although humility is recognized in the West, ambivalence toward it exists because it may contradict important Western values of self-esteem and self-confidence in learning. By contrast, the Confucian conception of humility is geared toward moral self-cultivation in learning. In discussing this type of humility, the West appeals more to cognitive considerations of correctness or wrongness of one’s beliefs and acceptance of one’s fallibilities as a knower/learner. Quite differently, the Confucian view presumes the learner as never-full and warns about the trap of conceit, appealing to one’s constant need to self-improve. The more one achieves, the greater the need to remain humble. The condition for fostering suc...
Accessing Poetry in a Global Age: An Applied Pedagogical Assessment

Students often dismiss poetry as a form of communication once they leave the structured classrooms of secondary schools, and yet historically poetry is an oral tradition that has been valued as far back as history goes. This suggests there is something about the essence of poetry that is critical for humanity and that a person cannot become fully literate without a comprehension of poetry’s importance. This research assesses a course on global poetry designed to teach the exploration of the many world views presented through poetry for an individual transaction. The pedagogy differs from most poetry teaching approaches and may help students develop an appreciation for poetry through an increased understanding of themselves. The research methods included a pre/post-test, which gauged students' experience with and knowledge of poetry and determined the effectiveness of the course. The pre/post-test combined a personal experience survey about poetry, answerable on a Likert scale, with a cumulative review of content. Results were compared quantitatively in the form of percentages for the pre/post-test where the class was compared against itself with respect to content and personal opinions. The results showed that students had an increased appreciation and knowledge of poetry. The data suggests that a correlation exists between course pedagogy and student growth. This may indicate that the pedagogy can be effectively used in secondary and college classrooms as a means of engaging students with poetry that allows for a better understanding of humanity and the global culture in which we live. This oral presentation will detail creation of the global poetry curriculum, methods of implementing the pedagogy, highlights from the poetry course, results – both quantitative and qualitative, and a discussion of the findings. 1 Bryars: Accessing Poetry in a Global Age Published by Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC, 2015
Psychometric Testing and Modification of the Parkinson's Disease Caregiver Strain Risk Screen.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Caregiver Strain Risk Screen-10 (CSRS-10) was psychometrically tested as a modification of the 28-item Caregiver Strain Risk Screen (CSRS) to measure risk for strain in caregivers of persons with Parkinson's disease. Risk for strain in this population is high because of the unpredictability of disease progression. METHODS Caregivers (N = 223) provided data for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the factor structure of the items. RESULTS CFA and subsequent modification indices supported a 10-item, single-factor model and was determined to be a valid, reliable measure of risk for strain in this population. CONCLUSIONS The CSRS-10 is an efficient, theory-based instrument to assess caregiver strain risk throughout the care recipient's illness progression. It is ideal for researchers and nurses seeking a succinct strain risk measure for this population.
Left Main Coronary Artery Atresia in an Infant With Inclusion-Cell Disease.

A 2-month-old male with dysmorphic facies, neonatal thrombocytopenia, left congenital cataract, and long bone abnormalities became hypotensive with ST depression on induction of anesthesia for cong...
Landscapes and gimmicks from the “sounded city”: listening for the nation at the sound archive

AbstractBy focusing on a soundscapes project started by Mexico City’s Radio Educacion in 2006 and currently continued by Mexico’s Fonoteca Nacional, this essay investigates the social organization of urban spaces through sound and the use of sound. The discussion focuses on soundscapes as both descriptive as well as performative interventions that speak of socially informed models that organize urban space and our perception of it. In doing this I invoke Angel Rama’s classic characterization of the ‘lettered’ city as a ‘sounded’ city and argue that this conceptualization may help us problematize how some of these forms of aurality are shaped, controlled, and circulated within older networks of national power. I also examine their potential to engage denationalized or post-national circulations of knowledge through sound that allow for the establishment of new networks of ‘cultured’ belonging and distinction beyond national borders.
Chapter 1: Against Fence Thinking: Welcoming the Racial Enemy

“Against Fence Thinking: Welcoming the Racial Enemy” argues that the history of racial violence long associated with the suburbs has been motivated by a liberalism that emphasizes individual action of communal responsibility. Using Carl Schmitt’s notion of the friend/enemy distinction, George argues that such texts as Richard Ford’s Independence Day, Chang-rae Lee’s A Gesture Life, and Gloria Naylor’s Linden Hills upset the assurance on which that logic relies to invite a more intersubjective form of community. These stories reject what Naylor’s characters call “fence thinking”—a logic of exclusion—to a “mirror thinking” that recognizes that others create one’s identity.
Storage Time and Urine Biomarker Levels in the ASSESS-AKI Study

Background Although stored urine samples are often used in biomarker studies focused on acute and chronic kidney disease, how storage time impacts biomarker levels is not well understood. Methods 866 subjects enrolled in the NIDDK-sponsored ASsessment, Serial Evaluation, and Subsequent Sequelae in Acute Kidney Injury (ASSESS-AKI) Study were included. Samples were processed under standard conditions and stored at -70°C until analyzed. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) were measured in urine samples collected during the index hospitalization or an outpatient visit 3 months later. Mixed effects models were used to determine the effect of storage time on biomarker levels and stratified by visit. Results Median storage was 17.8 months (25–75% IQR 10.6–23.7) for samples from the index hospitalization and 14.6 months (IQR 7.3–20.4) for outpatient samples. In the mixed effects models, the only significant association between storage time and biomarker concentration was for KIM-1 in outpatient samples, where each month of storage was associated with a 1.7% decrease (95% CI -3% to -0.3%). There was no relationship between storage time and KIM-1 levels in samples from the index hospitalization. Conclusion There was no significant impact of storage time over a median of 18 months on urine KIM-1, NGAL, IL-18 or L-FABP in hospitalized samples; a statistically significant effect towards a decrease over time was noted for KIM-1 in outpatient samples. Additional studies are needed to determine whether longer periods of storage at -70°C systematically impact levels of these analytes.
Robust optic alignment in a tilt-free implementation of the Rowland circle spectrometer

Abstract High-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has recently been demonstrated in the laboratory setting, achieving nearly synchrotron-level count rates despite the use of only conventional x-ray tube sources. This development holds high potential for expanding the reach of x-ray spectroscopies beyond the specialist community of synchrotron users, but comes with its own unique technical challenges for instrument performance and also, just as importantly, for ease of use by non-experts in x-ray science. Here, we address spectrometer design and operations in the context of the imperfect parallelness between the desired crystal plane and the wafer surface in spherically bent crystal analyser (SBCAs), an effect usually called “wafer miscut”. This introduces an ambiguous re-focusing error that typically requires a motorized two-axis tilt stage for fine alignment of the SBCA optic onto the ideal Rowland circle configuration. We instead demonstrate an asymmetric Rowland geometry that eliminates all need for motorized fine-tilt adjustment. We find rapid, extremely reproducible re-insertion of any aligned SBCA, i.e., without the need for any subsequent reoptimization. These improvements strongly benefit the ease of use of laboratory based spectrometers, taking them an important step closer to the level of turnkey operations needed for wide adoption outside of the existing specialist community.
The History Of ‘Substantive’ Due Process: It's Complicated

The history of what has come to be known as substantive due process is fraught with political implications, even more so now that same-sex marriage has joined abortion as a right protected by the Court under the rubric of due process. It’s tempting to create a simplified version of the past that explains how we got from point A to point B, and that implicitly or explicitly teaches some profound lesson about the present. History, rarely truly lends itself to such convenience. It’s complicated. With that in mind, this essay discusses a recent Texas Law Review article by Joshua Hawley. Hawley seeks to demonstrate that modern substantive due process jurisprudence was a novel invention of the Warren and Burger Courts, having no significant antecedents in the due process jurisprudence of the so-called Lochner era. Hawley makes some eminently reasonable points, especially with regard to how the Court replaced its historic natural-rights-based constitutionalism with a positivist understanding of the law that invites Justices to read their own philosophical views into the Due Process Clauses. Nevertheless, not all of Hawley’s claims are persuasive. In this essay, I complicate the story Hawley tells, by discussing alternative and additional explanations for the developments he discusses.
Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Pancreatic Fistula

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most common complication after major pancreatic resections and is the greatest contributor to postoperative morbidity and mortality following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The relatively recent establishment of a standardized definition of POPF by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) allowed for the delineation between innocuous biochemical POPF (grade A) and clinically relevant (CR) POPF (grades B and C). This classification system subsequently enabled the identification of distinct risk factors for CR-POPF, which further led to the development of the Fistula Risk Score (FRS) – a widely validated system for the prediction of CR-POPF after PD. This system assigns quantitative values to four risk factors – soft gland texture, high-risk pathology, small duct diameter, and elevated intraoperative blood loss – which can be further segregated into four discrete risk zones. Importantly, the FRS allows for the evaluation of fistula mitigation and management strategies in a risk-adjusted setting. Prevention and early detection of CR-POPF is vital to reducing morbidity and enhancing outcomes. Accordingly, our philosophy to pancreatic fistula is “prevention as management,” in order to alleviate the occurrence and severity of CR-POPF. Important perioperative prevention and mitigation strategies include technical factors (including the type of reconstruction and anastomosis), as well as the selective utilization of both transanastomotic stents and intraperitoneal external drains, and the elimination of somatostatin analog use. Furthermore, the importance of a risk-stratified strategic method has significant merit as results of recent risk-adjusted studies justify a tailored approach to identify the optimal strategies for fistula risk mitigation in any given scenario.
Controlled Heading Automation Device

One of the most significant limitations of weather balloon-based data collection is that instruments and payloads cannot depend on particular orientations or predictable rotation. Several investigators have used payload heading control devices to overcome this limitation in order to collect directional data and record motion controlled video footage. The work described in this presentation builds on the Controlled Heading Automation Device (CHAD) developed by Kruger et al. (2016) and was carried out at DePaul University in summer 2017 as an undergraduate research project. Our goal was to record stable video of the shadow of the moon on Earth’s surface during the August 21, 2017 solar eclipse. In order to improve reliability and performance we modified the hardware design of Kruger et al. in several ways. We successfully employed the CHAD during totality and were able to identify opportunities for modifications of hardware and software in order to further improve performance of the device.
Leadership For a Better World (Second Edition)

In the forward for this book, Alexander Astin wrote that the desired learning outcome that is most often included in mission statements of institutions of higher education is leadership development...
Tensorial dynamic time warping with articulation index representation for efficient audio-template learning

Audio classification techniques often depend on the availability of a large labeled training dataset for successful performance. However, in many application domains of audio classification (e.g., wildlife monitoring), obtaining labeled data is still a costly and laborious process. Motivated by this observation, a technique is proposed to efficiently learn a clean template from a few labeled, but likely corrupted (by noise and interferences), data samples. This learning can be done efficiently via tensorial dynamic time warping on the articulation index-based time-frequency representations of audio data. The learned template can then be used in audio classification following the standard template-based approach. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms both (1) the recurrent neural network approach and (2) the state-of-the-art in the template-based approach on a wildlife detection application with few training samples.
Physiological Response to Exercise

The performance of muscular exercise, either rhythmic (isotonic) or static (isometric), demands complex local, nervous and humoral adjustments of the cardiovascular system in order to meet the metabolic demands of the active muscles. These adjustments of the heart, resistance and capacitance vessels and present knowledge of the mechanisms involved are summarized in this paper.
Adherence to surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis: “checking-the-box” is not enough

The purpose of this paper is to review surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis administration practices in a small cohort and assess compliance with national guidelines.,Patients that developed surgical site infections (SSI) in a tertiary care academic medical center over a two-year period were identified. Their electronic medical records were reviewed for compliance with national guidelines with respect to surgical antibiotic prophylaxis.,Over a two-year period, 283 SSI patients were identified. An appropriate antibiotic was chosen in 80 percent, an appropriate dose was administered in 45 percent and timing complied in 89 percent. The antibiotics were appropriately re-dosed in only 9.2 percent in whom the requirement was met. The prescribing guidelines were adhered to in entirety in only 54 patients (23.8 percent).,Timely and appropriate antibiotic administration prior to surgery is essential to prevent SSI. Proper diligence is required to accomplish this task effectively.,Based on the findings, it appears that merely, “checking a box” for antibiotic administration during surgery is not enough, and a multidisciplinary approach should be followed to ensure “appropriate” antibiotic administration.
Simultaneous Rupture of the Bladder and Pelvicaliceal System Because of Blunt Abdominal Trauma: A Rare Case

We present a unique case of simultaneous rupture of the bladder and left renal pelvis after blunt trauma to the lower abdomen. To the best of our knowledge, this has not yet been reported in the literature. Another unusual aspect of this case was that the bladder rupture was bilateral, with both an extra- and intraperitoneal component. The management of this case was challenging. This involved an emergency laparotomy to repair the bladder tear, followed by a nephrostomy. This was followed by left ureteral stent insertion using a rendezvous technique. The case also highlights the role of expectant conservative management relating to the concurrent left renal pelvic rupture.
Probing the Effects of Three-Dimensional Confinement on the Electronic Structure of InP Under Hydrostatic Pressure

The effects of hydrostatic pressure in the electronic structure of InP quantum dots of mean diameter of 32, 35, 40 and 56A is investigated from photoluminescence (PL) measurements at 50 K. The results of these experiments show a pronounced bowing of the PL peak energy (Ep) which contrast with the linear behaviour observed in bulk InP. The bowing in Ep is accompanied by a reduction of the PL peak intensity and quenching at about 8 GPa. Using a model that takes into account the size-dependent separation among the conduction band minima in the quantum dots, the PL behaviour can be explained as arising from a sequence of Г-L and L–X transitions or by the crossover between strongly coupled Г and X states.
Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is strongly linked with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, cancer arises in only a subset of patients, and takes several years to develop. Thus, the role of HCV in the etiology of cancer has remained elusive. I summarize here the clinical and molecular virological connections between HCV and liver cancer.
Horizon-Analysis and the Possible-Worlds Explication of Meaning

In this chapter we assess the nature and importance of horizon-analysis as a special kind and part of phenomenological analysis. Basically, we view the analysis of an act’s horizon as a certain way of “explicating”, or making clear, the phenomenological structure of the act, especially its meaning, or Sinn.
Weekly program combines volunteer and employee orientation

(1966). Weekly program combines volunteer and employee orientation. Hospital Topics: Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 57-58.
Assessment of human colorectal cancer using co-registered photoacoustic and ultrasound tomography system

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy diagnosed globally and the 4th leading cause of cancer mortality. Critical gaps exist in diagnostic and surveillance imaging modalities for colorectal neoplasia. We have conducted a pilot study using a real-time co-registered photoacoustic (PAT) and ultrasound (US) tomography system. A total of 23 ex vivo human colorectal tissue samples (19 colon and 4 rectum) were imaged immediately after surgical resection. These results indicate potential of using PAT/US for future cancer screening and post-treatment surveillance of colon and rectum. The image resolution of the current system is low (~ 250 μm axial resolution) due to the commercial endo-cavity ultrasound transducer array (6 MHz central frequency, 80% bandwidth). To solve the problem of image resolution, we decoded the pin configuration of a high-frequency transducer array (15 MHz central frequency, 9-18 MHz bandwidth) and adapted it to our home-made 128 channels ultrasound pulsing and receiving system to perform high-frequency PAT/US imaging. We achieved a lateral resolution of ~ 150 μm and axial resolution of ~ 120 μm. We also imaged a post-treated human rectum sample to evaluate the system performance.
Chapter 2 – BAYESIAN INFERENCE

Publisher Summary Bayesian methods provide a formalism for reasoning about partial beliefs under conditions of uncertainty. In this formalism, propositions are given numerical parameters signifying the degree of belief accorded them under some body of knowledge, and the parameters are combined and manipulated according to the rules of probability theory. Bayesian philosophers see the conditional relationship as more basic than that of joint events, i.e., more compatible with the organization of human knowledge. Any joint probability function represents a complete probabilistic model. Joint distribution functions are mathematical constructs of primarily theoretical use. The prevailing convention in the Bayesian formalism is to assume that probabilistic summaries of virtual evidence are produced independently of previous information; they are interpreted as local binary relations between the evidence and the hypothesis upon which it bears, independent of other information in the system.
Risk of Medication Exposures in Pregnancy and Lactation

Treatment of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) requires an individualized approach that considers the health and well-being of the mother, the infant, and the mother-infant relationship. The known risks of untreated illness are weighed against the potential risks and benefits of treatment. There are important pharmacologic considerations during pregnancy and lactation. This chapter will review use of medications, including sleep medications, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), other antidepressants, benzodiazepines and other anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and hormones for the treatment of PMADs. Other treatment modalities including repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and the novel therapeutic agent, brexanolone, will also be discussed for PMADs. The benefits and risks of treatments during pregnancy and lactation as well as potential long-term effects will be addressed. Specifically, evidence regarding risks of teratogenicity, obstetric and neonatal complications, and long-term developmental outcomes will be reviewed. General lactation guidelines will also be included. Lastly, other treatment and diagnostic considerations will be reviewed, and a general treatment algorithm will be presented.
Hippocampal Avoidance in Multitarget Radiosurgery.

Brain metastases are a common complication for patients diagnosed with cancer. As stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) becomes a more prevalent treatment option for patients with many brain metastases, further research is required to better characterize the ability of SRS to treat large numbers of metastases (≥4) and the impact on normal brain tissue and, ultimately, neurocognition and quality of life (QOL). This study serves first as an evaluation of the feasibility of hippocampal avoidance for SRS patients, specifically receiving single-isocenter multitarget treatments (SIMT) planned with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Second, this study analyzes the effects of standard-definition (SD) multileaf collimators (MLCs) (5 mm width) on plan quality and hippocampal avoidance. The 40 patients enrolled in this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study had between four and 10 brain metastases and were treated with SIMT using VMAT. From the initial 40 patients, eight hippocampi across seven patients had hippocampal doses exceeding the maximum biologically effective dose (BED) constraint given by RTOG 0933. With the addition of upper constraints in the optimization objectives and one arc angle adjustment in one patient plan, four out of seven patient plans were able to meet the maximum hippocampal BED constraint, avoiding five out of eight total hippocampi at risk. High-definition (HD) MLCs allowed for an average decrease of 29% ± 23% (p = 0.007) in the maximum BED delivered to all eight hippocampi at risk. The ability to meet dose constraints depended on the distance between the hippocampus and the nearest planning target volume (PTV). Meeting the maximum hippocampal BED constraint in re-optimized plans was equally likely with the use of SD-MLCs (five out of eight hippocampi at risk were avoided) but resulted in increased dose to normal tissue volumes (23.67% ± 16.3% increase in V50%[cc] of normal brain tissue, i.e., brain volume subtracted by the total PTV) when compared to the HD-MLC re-optimized plans. Comparing the effects of SD-MLCs on plans not optimized for hippocampal avoidance resulted in increases of 48.2% ± 32.2% (p = 0.0056), 31.5% ± 16.3% (p = 0.024), and 16.7% ± 8.5% (p = 0.022) in V20%[cc], V50%[cc], and V75%[cc], respectively, compared to the use of HD-MLCs. The conformity index changed significantly neither when plans were optimized for hippocampal avoidance nor when SD-MLC leaves were used for treatment. In plans not optimized for hippocampal avoidance, mean hippocampal dose increased with the use of SD-MLCs by 38.0% ± 37.5% (p = 0.01). However, the use of SD-MLCs did not result in an increased number of hippocampi at risk.
Influence of powder type and binder saturation on binder jet 3D–printed and sintered Inconel 625 samples

Binder jet 3D printing combined with post-deposition sintering is a non-beam additive manufacturing (AM) method for the creation of complex 3-dimensional structures. Binder saturation and particle morphology are two important factors affecting the quality of printed parts. Here, we investigated the effects of binder saturation on dimension accuracy, porosity, microstructure, and microhardness of nickel-based alloy 625 samples made of differently atomized powders. Argon gas atomized (GA) and water atomized (WA) nickel-based alloy 625 powders were used to binder jet samples for a detailed comparative study. The optimal binder saturation for WA system is 60 to 70%, whereas for GA system the optimal is about 80%. Generally, GA samples achieved better overall quality than WA samples in terms of packing density, dimensional accuracy, sintered density, and microhardness. This difference is attributed mainly to the particle morphology including sphericity and roundness. The critical threshold for visible binder bleeding phenomenon in WA and GA systems is determined to be 120% and 140% binder saturation, respectively. Mechanisms for binder bleeding phenomenon at different saturation levels for WA and GA systems are discussed in detail. A pore evolution model is proposed to better understand the printing and sintering processes.
Experimental Modulation of Behavior of Free-Ranging Mammals by Semiochemicals

This paper reviews the mammalian species and behavioral contexts for which we know the role of behavior-modulating conspecific chemicals (=pheromones) well enough to be able to change the behavior of freely moving single individuals consistently and predictably in their natural physical and social environment.
Status of the Pursuit of the Diatom Phylogeny: Are Traditional Views and New Molecular Paradigms Really That Different?

Diatoms are often referred to one of six structural groups. The two major groups are centrics and pennates, and each is further subdivided. Centrics are either radial centrics or (bi-)multipolar (or simply polar) centrics. The former typically are circular and lack any prominent structures which may be paired or multiply arranged so as to give some sort of visually prominent polarity to the cell. Polar centrics have such structures and often have elongate outlines. Pennates are either araphid pennates or raphid pennates, depending on whether or not they possess a raphe. These structural groups have been arranged differently through time, whether the source of data was morphology and the method of analysis noncanonical or whether the data were molecular and analyzed by more formal methods. Both congruence and conflict between these various approaches have been claimed. Diatomists have rejected traditional views because they conflict with molecular results in some instances, and yet reject molecular results because they conflict with morphologically based results in others. Such conflicts are rarely formally tested. Here, we formally test several traditional hypotheses and a recent molecular-based reclassification of diatoms against a three-gene combined molecular dataset. Centrics are strongly rejected as monophyletic. However, some relationships could not be rejected. Monophyly of araphids is not statistically worse than the best tree (in which araphids are recovered as a grade). Monophyly of radial centrics and of polar centrics cannot be rejected, nor can a competing hypothesis (in which radial centrics are a grade and the Thalassiosirales are part of that grade). This last result is congruent with complex morphological characters and is an example of the value of formally testing conflict and congruence between datasets, and of the potential value of formal phylogenetic analysis of diatom morphology.