cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum spin model for Reggeon field theory

We study the Hamiltonian form of Reggeon field theory on a lattice in the two-dimensional (D = 2) transverse or impact-parameter space. The Hamiltonian formalism allows naturally for the privileged character of the longitudinal variable or rapidity, which is kept continuous. Based on recent results for the one-dimensional theory, we argue that we may truncate the single-site basis of the Hamiltonian by retaining the lowest two states only, and we arrive at a lattice spin model. In terms of Pauli spin matrices sigma/sub k//sup n/ at each site n = (n/sub 1/,n/sub 2/), our Reggeon quantum spin model has the Hamiltonian H = summation/sub n/(delta/2)(1 - sigma/sub x//sup n/) + summation/sub n , i/A((1 - 2sigma/sub +//sup n/sup +//sup i/)(1 - 2sigma/sub +//sup n/) - sigma/sub z//sup n/sup +//sup i/sigma/sub z//sup n/), where i represents the lattice unit vectors (1,0) and (0,1). The parameters delta and A are related to those of the original field theory. All the approximations are valid for small Regge slope ..cap alpha../sup prime//sub 0/ in the region of the phase transition at output Regge intercept ..cap alpha.. (0) = 1. The critical exponents of the original system can be determined by the properties of themore » low-energy states of H in strict analogy with the established relation between the phi/sup 4/ theory in d = 2 and the ground state of the quantum Ising model with a transverse magnetic field in D = d - 1 =1 dimension. The general properties of the Reggeon quantum spin model are exhibited, and several new approximation schemes for Reggeon field-theoretic calculations are suggested. While the above Hamiltonian is adequate, by universality, to describe the critical Pomeron, systematic improvements can be made to study the theory away from criticality by retaining more states in the single-site basis of the Hamiltonian.« less
CellAnimation: an open source MATLAB framework for microscopy assays

Motivation: Advances in microscopy technology have led to the creation of high-throughput microscopes that are capable of generating several hundred gigabytes of images in a few days. Analyzing such wealth of data manually is nearly impossible and requires an automated approach. There are at present a number of open-source and commercial software packages that allow the user to apply algorithms of different degrees of sophistication to the images and extract desired metrics. However, the types of metrics that can be extracted are severely limited by the specific image processing algorithms that the application implements, and by the expertise of the user. In most commercial software, code unavailability prevents implementation by the end user of newly developed algorithms better suited for a particular type of imaging assay. While it is possible to implement new algorithms in open-source software, rewiring an image processing application requires a high degree of expertise. To obviate these limitations, we have developed an open-source high-throughput application that allows implementation of different biological assays such as cell tracking or ancestry recording, through the use of small, relatively simple image processing modules connected into sophisticated imaging pipelines. By connecting modules, non-expert users can apply the particular combination of well-established and novel algorithms developed by us and others that are best suited for each individual assay type. In addition, our data exploration and visualization modules make it easy to discover or select specific cell phenotypes from a heterogeneous population. Availability:CellAnimation is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). CellAnimationsource code and documentation may be downloaded from www.vanderbilt.edu/viibre/software/documents/CellAnimation.zip. Sample data are available at www.vanderbilt.edu/viibre/software/documents/movies.zip. Contact:walter.georgescu/at/vanderbilt.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data available at Bioinformatics online.
Timing of puberty and synchronization of seasonal rhythms by simulated natural photoperiods in female Siberian hamsters

The timing of puberty is a critical life history trait of short-lived species; spring-born individuals mature rapidly and breed in the season of birth, whereas young born in mid- to late summer delay puberty until the next spring. The cues that govern the transition from rapid to delayed maturation in natural populations remain unknown. To identify ecologically relevant photoperiod cues that control timing of puberty, we monitored nine cohorts of female Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) born every 2 wk from 4 wk before to 12 wk after the summer solstice in a simulated natural photoperiod (SNP). Hamsters born by the summer solstice underwent rapid somatic growth and achieved puberty that summer; among females born 2-4 wk after the solstice, some delayed puberty by many weeks, whereas others manifested early puberty. Hamsters born 6 or more weeks after the solstice generally delayed puberty until the following spring. The transition from accelerated to delayed pubertal development in the SNP occurred at day lengths that induce early puberty when presented as static photoperiods. Despite differences in timing of birth and timing of puberty, fall and subsequent spring seasonal events occurred at similar calendar dates in all cohorts. We found no evidence that prenatal photoperiod history influenced postnatal development of female hamsters. Considered together with a parallel study on males, the present findings point to sex differences in responsiveness to natural photoperiod variations. In both sexes, incrementally changing photoperiods exert a strong organizing effect on seasonal rhythms.
Assaying DNA double-strand break induction and repair as fast as a speeding comet

Most cancer treatments exploit the hypersensitivity of rapidly dividing tumor cells to DNA damage, largely reflecting problems with replicating damaged DNA templates. Many cancer chemotherapeutics directly damage DNA, and most types of DNA damage block replication forks. Other classes of chemotherapeutics include antimetabolites that reduce nucleotide pools and starve DNA polymerases or directly inhibit DNA polymerases, causing fork stalling. Blocked or stalled replication forks are initially stabilized by DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, including checkpoint and DNA repair proteins.1 Forks that fail to restart in a timely manner may regress to a “chicken foot” structure, which is subject to cleavage, causing fork collapse to double-strand breaks (DSBs).2 When replication forks encounter single-strand breaks (SSBs) and gaps (which can arise during repair of single-strand damage) this can result in direct fork collapse to DSBs. About half of cancer patients are treated with ionizing radiation, which directly induces DSBs, as well as base damage and SSBs that can be converted to DSBs during DNA replication. Thus, the common thread in all of these therapeutic strategies is DSB induction (Fig. 1). DSBs are highly cytotoxic, which explains their efficacy in cancer therapy and the intense effort to elucidate mechanisms of DSB induction and repair.
Toxicogenomic approach for assessing toxicant-related disease

Abstract The problems of identifying environmental factors involved in the etiology of human disease and performing safety and risk assessments of drugs and chemicals have long been formidable issues. Three principal components for predicting potential human health risks are: (1) the diverse structure and properties of thousands of chemicals and other stressors in the environment; (2) the time and dose parameters that define the relationship between exposure and disease; and (3) the genetic diversity of organisms used as surrogates to determine adverse chemical effects. The global techniques evolving from successful genomics efforts are providing new exciting tools with which to address these intractable problems of environmental health and toxicology. In order to exploit the scientific opportunities, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences has created the National Center for Toxicogenomics (NCT). The primary mission of the NCT is to use gene expression technology, proteomics and metabolite profiling to create a reference knowledge base that will allow scientists to understand mechanisms of toxicity and to be able to predict the potential toxicity of new chemical entities and drugs. A principal scientific objective underpinning the use of microarray analysis of chemical exposures is to demonstrate the utility of signature profiling of the action of drugs or chemicals and to utilize microarray methodologies to determine biomarkers of exposure and potential adverse effects. The initial approach of the NCT is to utilize proof-of-principle experiments in an effort to “phenotypically anchor” the altered patterns of gene expression to conventional parameters of toxicity and to define dose and time relationships in which the expression of such signature genes may precede the development of overt toxicity. The microarray approach is used in conjunction with proteomic techniques to identify specific proteins that may serve as signature biomarkers. The longer-range goal of these efforts is to develop a reference relational database of chemical effects in biological systems (CEBS) that can be used to define common mechanisms of toxicity, chemical and drug actions, to define cellular pathways of response, injury and, ultimately, disease. In order to implement this strategy, the NCT has created a consortium of research organizations and private sector companies to actively collaborative in populating the database with high quality primary data. The evolution of discrete databases to a knowledge base of toxicogenomics will be accomplished through establishing relational interfaces with other sources of information on the structure and activity of chemicals such as that of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and with databases annotating gene identity, sequence, and function.
The Analog Journal celebrates its 20th Anniversary

With this issue, we celebrate our 20th Anniversary! We started our first issue back in 1991. The journal appeared quarterly for a couple of years then bi-monthly for a while and since 1997 it appears monthly and on-line since 1999. Our journal is the only publication devoted exclusively to analog Integrated circuits (ICs) and signal processing research. It is becoming the premiere publication in the fields of analog, radio frequency (RF) and mixed signal IC design and applications. Many of us call it ‘‘the Analog Journal’’ or ‘‘the red and yellow’’! Indeed, the material we publish reflects a very significant portion of analog research conducted in industry, academia and research Labs worldwide. On behalf of the Editorial Board, I would like to thank our authors and reviewers who made the journal what it is today. Special thanks go to the Springer staff for their very dedicated work over the years with the journal or ‘‘ALOG’’ as they call it. Happy 20th Anniversary to ‘‘ALOG’’! and Happy New Year 2011 to you, our readers! We look forward to hearing from you with any suggestions or feedback you may have so we can serve you even better. Mohammed Ismail is a Professor and Founding Director of the Analog VLSI Lab at the Ohio State University, USA and of the RaMSiS Group at KTH, Sweden. He is also affiliated with the ElectroScience Lab at Ohio State. Currently, he conducts research on robust low power RF and mmwave ICs for wireless, bio and multimedia applications with a focus on manufacturable low cost high volume CMOS solutions for mobile and wearable embedded devices. He served as a Corporate Consultant to over 30 companies and is a Co-Founder of Firstpass Technologies, Inc. a developer of RF and mixed signal IPs. He Cofounded ANACAD-Egypt (now part of Mentor Graphics). He advised the work of 49 Ph.D. students and of over 90 M.S. students. He authored or co-authored a dozen books and over 250 journal publications. He is the Founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Springer and the Founder of the IEEE ICECS, the flagship Region 8 conference of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He received the US Presidential Young Investigator Award, the Ohio State Lumley Research Award four times, in 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007 and the US Semiconductor Research Corporation’s Inventor Recognition Award twice. He is a Fellow of IEEE.
Cleavage of β-Catenin and Plakoglobin and Shedding of VE-Cadherin during Endothelial Apoptosis: Evidence for a Role for Caspases and Metalloproteinases

Growth factor deprivation of endothelial cells induces apoptosis, which is characterized by membrane blebbing, cell rounding, and subsequent loss of cell-matrix and cell-cell contacts. In this study, we show that initiation of endothelial apoptosis correlates with cleavage and disassembly of intracellular and extracellular components of adherens junctions. beta-Catenin and plakoglobin, which form intracellular links between vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and actin-binding alpha-catenin in adherens junctions, are cleaved in apoptotic cells. In vitro incubations of cell lysates and immunoprecipitates with recombinant caspases indicate that CPP32 and Mch2 are involved, possibly by initiating proteolytic processing. Cleaved beta-catenin from lysates of apoptotic cells does not bind to endogenous alpha-catenin, whereas plakoglobin retains its binding capacity. The extracellular portion of the adherens junctions is also altered during apoptosis because VE-cadherin, which mediates endothelial cell-cell interactions, dramatically decreases on the surface of cells. An extracellular fragment of VE-cadherin can be detected in the conditioned medium, and this "shedding" of VE-cadherin can be blocked by an inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Thus, cleavage of beta-catenin and plakoglobin and shedding of VE-cadherin may act in concert to disrupt structural and signaling properties of adherens junctions and may actively interrupt extracellular signals required for endothelial cell survival.
3-Dimensional laser pulse intensity diagnostics for the energy recovery linac photoinjector

We demonstrate measurement of spatiotemporal intensity profiles with spatial resolution of 20 μm and temporal resolution of 130 fs. Measurements of stacked soliton pulses and the output of a dissipative soliton laser illustrate the capability.
Sgk: A New Player (Star?) in the Early Action of Aldosterone.

Although the central role of aldosterone in the control of epithelial sodium transport has been acknowledged for decades, many molecular steps involved in this regulation remain elusive. In general, the action of aldosterone can be divided into two phases: 1 ) a delayed (≥6 h) effect that involves
Regional anesthesia/analgesia and the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality after prostatectomy: a meta-analysis

Aims: To determine whether the use neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia is associated with longer biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) and overall survival (OS) after radical prostatectomy. Methods: Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs). Results: The HR for BRFS was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.91–1.15) for all studies and 1.08 (95% CI: 0.91–1.15) for those that included propensity score matching. For OS, the HR across all studies was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.7–1.15) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68–0.96; p = 0.016) for those reporting propensity score matching. Conclusion: The anesthetic technique used during oncologic prostatectomy surgery is not associated with longer BRFS. By contrast, the use of regional analgesia appears to improve OS.
Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 protects mRNAs from recognition by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway

Genes are used as templates to create molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) that contain all the information needed to make a protein. This information begins with a 'start site' and ends with a 'stop site.' The regions of the mRNA outside of the start and stop sites are called untranslated regions. Not all mRNAs are correctly made, and cells combat this problem by detecting and destroying faulty mRNAs before they are translated into protein. One way cells do this is by recognizing and destroying mRNAs that include long untranslated regions, which can indicate that the mRNA might have a stop site too early in its sequence. A key problem with this mechanism, however, is that long untranslated regions also serve important roles in the cell: for example, by determining where and when mRNA molecules are read to make protein. How then do mRNAs with long but important untranslated regions escape detection and degradation? Ge et al. have now investigated this question using an approach that allows a 'handle' to be attached to particular RNA molecules. This allows the RNA and any proteins bound to it to be purified away from all other RNAs and proteins in the cell, and the proteins can then be identified by a technique called mass spectrometry. Ge at al. found that mRNAs can recruit a protein called PTBP1 to part of the RNA sequence near the stop site. This prevents an RNA decay protein recognizing and triggering the degradation of the mRNA, even if the mRNA has a long untranslated region. Thus, PTBP1 plays a crucial role in protecting human RNAs with long untranslated regions from destruction by the nonsense-mediated decay pathway. Some viral RNAs are also able to evade decay, and so Ge et al. hypothesize that the virus stole this method for maintaining its RNAs from host cells. A future goal is to understand whether this system works the same way in all cell types or protects different RNAs in different cells.
Uniting Practice and Theory in an Occupational Framework

The term occupation conveys the powerful essence of our profession--enabling people to seize, take possession of, or occupy the spaces, time, and roles of their lives. Occupation is activity that is both purposeful and meaningful to the person who engages in it. Our uniqueness lies in our use of occupation as a therapeutic agent, but our unique focus on occupation is not always apparent in practice. Four global groups of activities that occupational therapy practitioners use in practice are described--exercise, contrived occupation, therapeutic occupation, and adaptive occupation. Therapeutic occupation and adaptive occupation are proposed as the legitimate activities of occupational therapy. The Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model is then presented. This model stresses a top-down approach to evaluation and provides a framework for implementing adaptive occupation for purposes of compensation as well as therapeutic occupation for purposes of remediation.
Call for Papers---Service Science Special Issue on Cloud Computing as a Service: Deadline: July 1, 2012

[Excerpt] Cloud computing is a new way of delivering computing services. The flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of cloud computing provides tremendous business opportunities to customers. The related customer expectation, however, poses daunting challenges to cloud service providers, whether they are traditional data centers or fresh players in the arena. These practical challenges raise new research questions to communities that are either computer science oriented or service science oriented. Performance analysis and service management are required to be knitted together for the success of the end game.
Comparisons between Forced-Response and Hysteretic Energy Damping Assessment Methods

f2 = half power frequency fn = natural frequency n = n weighted frequency per unit length g(0) = base acceleration amplitude  = displacement G(L) = beam tip acceleration amplitude a = displacement amplitude l = length of specimen max = maximum strain Pa = force amplitude  = loss factor Pc = compressive force equation s = system loss factor Pt = tensile force equation max = maximum stress Q = quality factor n = n shape function coefficient R = neutral axis distance n = mode shape parameter x = x Cartesian axis
The study of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in China summarization of relevant pub-lications (1983-2005)

OBJECTIVE To delineate the develop-ment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)in China by summarizing the scientific publi-cations of OSAHS from 1983 to 2005. METHODSSelected all the related papers which were enlisted inChina Medical Digest - Otolaryngology in 1983-2005.Number of papers,type of journals,paper categorization,and treatment etc were analyzed statistically. RESULTSStudy and recognition of OSAHS could be describedas in periodical pattern. Clinical and fundamentalresearch has been progressing gradually with theconstant improvement of people's living condition.CONCLUSION Attributed to the recognition of OSAHS,treatment has been improved greatly in the past 20years. The qualities of patient's lives,and the precisionand objectiveness of treatments have been emphasized.Physician's education and training,early diagnosis andintervention,interdisciplinary research should bestressed.
Strengthen the Link for Practical Teaching and Improve the Training of Qualified Talents——Teaching Reforms and Practice in Biological Science Base of Beijing Forestry University

Practical teaching is a key link to train students to enhance their creative awareness and pioneering work, and develop their ability of scientific practice. In order to provide more reference for the development of Biological Science Base and other specialties, we introduce some thoughts and methods to strengthen the practical teaching conditions aiming to deepen the practical teaching reform, to perfect the practical educational system and to train high quality talents in undergraduate courses, since the establishment of the Base for basic scientific research and teaching in biology.
Effect of electrostatic force on erythrocyte deformation in narrow capillaries.

In the study of oxygen transport, the mechanics of red blood cell (RBC) motion through the blood vessels, especially the narrow capillaries, cannot be overemphasized. A red cell must be able to undergo large deformations so as to be able to flow through capillaries some as narrow as half its diameter. Much has been learnt about the capillary flow through theoretical and experimental models involving flexible capsules and cells. Concise reviews of these studies have been provided by Secomb (1992), and by Skalak (1989) among others.
Autonomic interactions for control of atrial rate are maintained after SA nodal parasympathectomy.

Autonomic control of atrial rate was evaluated in anesthetized dogs by electrical stimulation of stellate ganglia and/or cervical vagi before and after the intrinsic cardiac right atrial ganglionat...
Replication and shedding of MERS-CoV in Jamaican fruit bats ( Artibeus jamaicensis )

The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) highlights the zoonotic potential of Betacoronaviruses. Investigations into the origin of MERS-CoV have focused on two potential reservoirs: bats and camels. Here, we investigated the role of bats as a potential reservoir for MERS-CoV. In vitro, the MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein interacted with Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor and MERS-CoV replicated efficiently in Jamaican fruit bat cells, suggesting there is no restriction at the receptor or cellular level for MERS-CoV. To shed light on the intrinsic host-virus relationship, we inoculated 10 Jamaican fruit bats with MERS-CoV. Although all bats showed evidence of infection, none of the bats showed clinical signs of disease. Virus shedding was detected in the respiratory and intestinal tract for up to 9 days. MERS-CoV replicated transiently in the respiratory and, to a lesser extent, the intestinal tracts and internal organs; with limited histopathological changes observed only in the lungs. Analysis of the innate gene expression in the lungs showed a moderate, transient induction of expression. Our results indicate that MERS-CoV maintains the ability to replicate in bats without clinical signs of disease, supporting the general hypothesis of bats as ancestral reservoirs for MERS-CoV.
A Gadfly's Perspective on 'Gadflies at the Gate'

In the 2016 proxy season I became a corporate gadfly. This article makes explicit and expands on certain benefits touched on in Larcker & Tayan (2016); and urges the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to proceed with caution in judging the merit of shareholder proposals from individual proponents based on the outcome of the shareholder vote.
Voluntary resettlement in land grab contexts: examining consent on the Ecuadorian oil frontier

ABSTRACTForced resettlement, central to state-led development throughout the twentieth century, still paves the way for agroindustrial, hydroelectric, urban, and other forms of development in much of the global South today. In response to pressures from social movements challenging human displacement, states, firms, and multinational institutions increasingly seek the consent of impacted communities, often offering monetary compensation and resettlement, along with development assistance. Some states obtain consent by offering resettlements with urban infrastructures and public services. In Ecuador, the state has planned 200 urban-like resettlements called “Millennium Cities” for communities on the Amazonian oil and mining frontiers. Although resettlement in this context transforms human–environment relations and generates new social ills by isolating residents from food supplies and market networks, many communities do consent to resettlement. In this paper, I call attention to voluntary rural–urban rese...
AN EVALUATION OF THE KOHMAN PROCEDURE AS APPLIED TO COMPOSITION CONTROL IN CONTINUOUS BUTTERMAKING1

Summary The Kohman balance and another, more sensitive Torsion balance (Torbal ET-1), were compared and evaluated statistically to determine their applicability in composition control methods used in continuous buttermaking. On five replicate analyses of four supplies of butter at four different sample weights (10, 15, 20, and 25 g), the Torbal ET-1 balance proved somewhat more precise for moisture determinations. Precision tended to improve as sample weight increased, the improvement being more pronounced for the Kohman balance. In replicate direct salt analyses of 1-, 5-, and 10-g samples, the best precision was noted with the more sensitive balance at a sample weight of 5 g. At all sample weights, results were positively biased compared to results obtained by the conventional method of salt analysis in butter.
Wearable sweat biosensors

Wearable perspiration biosensors enable real-time analysis of the sweat composition and can provide insightful information about health conditions. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in wearable sweat sensing platforms and detection techniques. Specifically, on-body monitoring of a wide spectrum of sweat biomarkers are illustrated. Opportunities and challenges in the field are discussed. Although still in an early research stage, wearable sweat biosensors may enable a wide range of personalized diagnostic and physiological monitoring applications.
Executive Summary: Research Gaps at the Intersection of Pediatric Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Inflammation in Low-Resource Settings

* Abbreviations: BMGF — : Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation CDC — : United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CNS — : central nervous system FIC — : John E. Fogarty International Center HHS — : United States Department of Health and Human Services LRS — : low-resource setting NAS — : National Academy of Sciences NICHD — : Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIH — : United States National Institutes of Health SDGs — : United Nations Sustainable Development Goals UNICEF — : United Nations Children's Fund USAID — : United States Agency for International Development WHO — : World Health Organization A growing and compelling body of evidence demonstrates that children born into poverty, whether in high-, middle-, or low-income countries,1 are at heightened risk for compromised health and developmental outcomes throughout the life course.2–6 It is estimated that 80.8 million children ages 3 and 4 years in low- and middle-income countries experienced low cognitive and/or socioemotional development in 2010 based on Early Childhood Development Index scores, with the largest number of affected children in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the East Asia and Pacific region.6 Recent evidence has also underscored the importance of interventions to foster healthy neurodevelopment from preconception through adolescence in light of findings that the early years of life are a sensitive period for countering adverse exposures that threaten the integrity of neural, neuroendocrine, and immune systems.7 Consequently, there is an increasing recognition by the global health community of the need to expand initiatives to address not only the ongoing need for reduced child mortality, but also to decrease child morbidity and adverse exposures toward improving health and developmental outcomes. The bridging of the child survival and child development fields has recently been prioritized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other agencies as being essential for optimizing global health, equity, and sustainable development.8 In fact, a recent review found significant overlap between public … Address correspondence to Vesna Kutlesic, PhD, Office of Global Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr, MSC 7002, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail: vesna.kutlesic{at}nih.gov
Analyses of PDE-regulated phosphoproteomes reveal unique and specific cAMP signaling modules in T cells

Specific functions for different cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have not yet been identified in most cell types. Conventional approaches to study PDE function typically rely on measurements of global cAMP, general increases in cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), or the activity of exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC). Although newer approaches using subcellularly targeted FRET reporter sensors have helped define more compartmentalized regulation of cAMP, PKA, and EPAC, they have limited ability to link this regulation to downstream effector molecules and biological functions. To address this problem, we have begun to use an unbiased mass spectrometry-based approach coupled with treatment using PDE isozyme-selective inhibitors to characterize the phosphoproteomes of the functional pools of cAMP/PKA/EPAC that are regulated by specific cAMP-PDEs (the PDE-regulated phosphoproteomes). In Jurkat cells we find multiple, distinct PDE-regulated phosphoproteomes that can be defined by their responses to different PDE inhibitors. We also find that little phosphorylation occurs unless at least two different PDEs are concurrently inhibited in these cells. Moreover, bioinformatics analyses of these phosphoproteomes provide insight into the unique functional roles, mechanisms of action, and synergistic relationships among the different PDEs that coordinate cAMP-signaling cascades in these cells. The data strongly suggest that the phosphorylation of many different substrates contributes to cAMP-dependent regulation of these cells. The findings further suggest that the approach of using selective, inhibitor-dependent phosphoproteome analysis can provide a generalized methodology for understanding the roles of different PDEs in the regulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling.
Abstract WP217: Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Spinal Cord Infarction

Introduction: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a rare ischemic event comprising 1% of all strokes. In many cases of SCI, the cause remains undetermined. Case reports have suggested a relationship be...
Chiropractic Management Using Multimodal Therapies on 2 Pediatric Patients With Constipation.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this case report is to describe chiropractic management of 7-month-old male twins who had had constipation since birth. Clinical Features Identical male twins presented with the chief complaint of constipation and bloating. Both patients were born premature after 29 weeks of gestation and had invasive abdominal surgeries in the right lower quadrant resulting in healed postsurgical scars. Patient A underwent ileostomy for a perforation in his ileum. Patient B underwent surgery to repair an inguinal hernia. Motion palpation restrictions indicated bilateral sacroiliac, cervical, and thoracic joint restrictions. Intervention and Outcome The treatment plan included chiropractic manipulation, acupressure stimulation, and dynamic neuromuscular stabilization. Manipulation of the sacroiliac, cervical, and thoracic spine joint restrictions was performed using minimal force. Cross-frictional massage and myofascial manipulation and scar tissue mobilization of the abdominal scar in the right lower quadrant were performed. Acupressure stimulation was performed on both patients' feet. Both patients had improved bowel movements after the first treatment. Patient A had 5 weeks of treatment (2 visits per week). Patient B had 4 weeks of treatment (2 visits per week). The patients' clinical progress improved, and once the goal of regular bowel movements was reached, as confirmed by their mother, follow-up visits were reduced to once a week and gradually to once a month. Conclusion Both pediatric patients with constipation responded to chiropractic care using multimodal therapies.
Gorky’s return and the energetics of Soviet socialism

The article aims to provide a new perspective on the role played by Maksim Gorky in the creation of Soviet culture. From multiple documentary sources, it reconstructs the private Naturphilosophie that Gorky began developing in the early years of the twentieth century and which continued to inform his views after he took the helm of the Stalinist cultural establishment. At its center was the monistic concept of energy, which Gorky, under the influence of Aleksandr Bogdanov, came to regard as the principle uniting objective processes and subjective phenomena, nature and human history. Insofar as Gorky’s energetics comprises both a doctrine of culture-building and a theory of subjectivity, it allows us to see in a new light the writer’s return to the Soviet Union in the late 1920s. His project for a new socialist culture was, at the same time, a project of subjectivity, as he sought to fashion himself into what he thought a socialist individual should be.
Stochastic Endogenous Replication Stress Causes ATR-Triggered Fluctuations in CDK2 Activity that Dynamically Adjust Global DNA Synthesis Rates

Summary Faithful DNA replication is challenged by stalling of replication forks during S phase. Replication stress is further increased in cancer cells or in response to genotoxic insults. Using live single-cell image analysis, we found that CDK2 activity fluctuates throughout an unperturbed S phase. We show that CDK2 fluctuations result from transient ATR signals triggered by stochastic replication stress events. In turn, fluctuating endogenous CDK2 activity causes corresponding decreases and increases in DNA synthesis rates, linking changes in stochastic replication stress to fluctuating global DNA replication rates throughout S phase. Moreover, cells that re-enter the cell cycle after mitogen stimulation have increased CDK2 fluctuations and prolonged S phase resulting from increased replication stress-induced CDK2 suppression. Thus, our study reveals a dynamic control principle for DNA replication whereby CDK2 activity is suppressed and fluctuates throughout S phase to continually adjust global DNA synthesis rates in response to recurring stochastic replication stress events.
Disorders of the expression of the multichain IL-2 receptor in HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia.

The activation of T cells requires two sets of signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus. The first signal is initiated when appropriately processed and presented foreign antigen interacts with the 90-kD polymorphic heterodimeric T-cell surface receptor for the specific antigen. Following the interaction of antigen presented in the context of products of the major histocompatibility locus and inter- leukin-1 or interleukin-6 with the antigen receptor, T cells synthesize interleukin-2 (IL-2) [1, 2]. To exert its biological effect, IL-2 must interact with specific high- affmity membrane receptors. Resting T cells do not express high-affinity IL-2 re-ceptors, but receptors are rapidly expressed on T cells after activation with an antigen or mitogen [3, 4].
Immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of breast cancer.

The application of immunotherapeutic principles to the treatment and prevention of breast cancer is a relatively new undertaking. Although cytokine infusions, cancer vaccines, and T cell therapy have been extensively studied in solid tumors such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, the therapeutic efficacy of these approaches is not well explored in breast cancer. The recent definition of tumor-specific immunity in breast cancer patients and the identification of several breast cancer antigens has generated enthusiasm for the application of immune-based therapies to the treatment of breast malignancies. In general, immunotherapies can be considered either non-specific, such as a general immunomodulator (e.g., a cytokine), or tumor-specific (e.g., a vaccine that targets breast cancer tumor antigens). This review describes three major immunotherapeutic strategies that have the potential to enhance or generate an anti-breast cancer T cell immune response: (i) cytokine therapy; (ii) cancer vaccines; and (iii) T cell therapy, and explores how each strategy has been applied to the treatment of breast cancer.
Analyzing the Human Connectome Project Datasets using GPUs: The Anatomy of a Science Engagement

This paper documents the experience improving the performance of a data processing workflow for analysis of the Human Connectome Project's HCP900 data set. It describes how network and compute bottlenecks were discovered and resolved during the course of a science engagement. A series of computational enhancements to the stock FSL BedpostX workflow are described. These enhancements migrated the workflow from a slow serial execution of computations resulting from Slurm scheduler incompatibilities to eventual execution on GPU resources, going from a 21-day execution on a single CPU core to a 2 hour execution on a GPU. This workflow contributed a vital use-case to the build-out of the campus compute cluster with additional GPUs and resulted in enhancements to network bandwidth. It also shares insights on potential improvements to distribution of scientific software to avoid stagnation in site-specific deployment decisions. The discussion highlights the advantages of open licenses and popular code collaboration sites like GitHub.com in feeding contributions upstream.
Mechanical Response of Au Foams of Varying Porosity from Atomistic Simulations

The results of atomistic simulations of the deformation response of Au nano-foams of different levels of porosity and constant ligament size are presented. The results of virtual tensile testing are compared with the predictions from scaling laws for both the elastic modulus and the yield strength. It is shown that the mechanisms of plasticity can vary with the degree of porosity. The results are consistent with a model in which, as the porosity increases, only a fraction of the ligaments carry the load, resulting in an apparent relative density that is lower that the actual value.
On the Mechanisms of Uptake of Tumor-Seeking Cyanine Dyes

Molecular entities that localize in tumor tissue are clinically important for targeted delivery of diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic reagents. Often these targeting entities are designed for specific receptors (e.g., EGFR or integrin receptors). However, there is a subset of cyanine-7 dyes that apparently localize in every type of solid tumor tissue (at least, no exceptions have been reported so far), and they persist there for several days. Consequently, these dyes can be used for near-IR optical imaging of tumors in animal studies, they can be conjugated with cytotoxic species to give experimental theranostics, and there is potential for expanding their use into the development of clinically useful derivatives. Data presented in the literature and in this work indicate that the half-lives of these compounds in serum at 37 °C is on the order of minutes to a few hours, so what accounts for the persistent fluorescence of these dyes in tumor tissue over periods of several days? Literature, solely based on tissue culture experiments featuring a particular receptor blocker, indicates that uptake of these dyes is mediated by the organic anion transporter proteins (OATPs). Data presented in this paper agrees with that conclusion for short-term uptake, but significantly expands understanding of the likely reasons for long-term uptake and persistent tumor localization in vivo.
Biomechanical Study of Extensor Tendon Lacerations Over the Finger Metacarpophalangeal Joints

Purpose To assess the percentages of extensor tendon lacerations over the finger metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints that may lead to an MCP joint extensor lag. Methods We obtained 8t fresh-frozen cadaveric hand specimens. The extensor and flexor tendons were isolated for simulated active extension and passive flexion. The specimens were secured to a testing jig. Sequential full-thickness, transverse cuts were made through the extensor tendons over each MCP joint. The fingers were cycled before and after each incremental tendon cut. Extensor tendon gaps were measured and inclinometer measurements of MCP joint rotation were used to determine MCP joint extensor lags. Results Incremental cuts of the extensor tendons caused sequential increases in subjacent MCP joint extensor lags in addition to interactive effects on other finger MCP joints. Extensor lags of the index and little finger MCP joints were statistically significant; lacerations extended across 75% or more of the combined widths of the extensor tendon slips. In comparison, extensor lags of the middle and ring finger MCP joints were statistically significant; lacerations involved 90% or more of the widths of the extensor tendons. A statistically significant MCP joint extensor lag in the index and little fingers was also observed when 1 of 2 extensor tendon slips in either finger was completely transected. Conclusions In this biomechanical study of extensor tendon lacerations over the finger MCP joints, we found that MCP joint extensor lags varied by both the finger involved and the percentage of tendon width damage. Additional work is needed to determine the clinical importance of MCP joint extensor lags of differing degrees. Clinical relevance Lacerations of extensor tendons overlying the finger MCP joints in clenched-fist to mouth injuries are typically repaired in a delayed fashion. An improved understanding of the relations between extensor tendon slip lacerations and MCP joint extensor lags may provide a basis for treatment algorithms that could potentially reduce the costs of care.
Trends in Surgical Management of Uterine Rupture

Introduction: Uterine rupture remains one of the top catastrophic events in the field of Obstetrics. Management options are often surgical and limited to either fertility sparing versus complete loss of reproductive function. In the developing world, uterine rupture can have devastating maternal and/or fetal outcomes due to delayed recognition and/or intervention. With medical advancements over the years as well as the significant increase in cesarean delivery rates worldwide, it is beneficial to determine how the management of uterine rupture has evolved worldwide. Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed database over the last 30 years. Journal articles that described the surgical management of uterine rupture were selected and reviewed. The incidence of uterine rupture was noted, as well as the most common etiologies and management strategies. Results: The incidence of uterine rupture ranged from 0.015 to 3.76% across various countries. The two most common etiologies of uterine rupture were obstructed or neglected labor and a scarred uterus. Prior to 2010, uterine rupture involved a scarred uterus in 6.2 to 46.7% of cases. Reviews from 2010 onward reported prior scarred uteri as a cause of uterine rupture 66-100% of the time. Hysterectomy was overall the most common surgical method employed in greater than 50% of the cases prior to 2010. From 2010 onward, 77-100% of uterine ruptures were managed with uterine repair with or without bilateral tubal ligation. Conclusion:As cesarean deliveryrates have increased worldwide, the etiology of uterine rupture has shifted from that of obstructed labor to that of the scarred uterus. As a result surgical management of uterine rupture has also shifted from primarily hysterectomy to mostly uterine repair, as the presentation of these ruptures are less catastrophic.
On the temperature dependence of liquid structure.

We introduce a straightforward method for predicting an equilibrium distribution function over a wide range of temperatures from a single-temperature simulation. The approach is based on a simple application of fluctuation theory and requires only a standard equilibrium molecular dynamics (or Monte Carlo) simulation. In addition, it provides mechanistic insight into the origin of the temperature-dependent behavior. We illustrate the method by predicting the structure of liquid water, as represented by the O–O radial distribution function, for temperatures from 235 to 360 K from a room temperature molecular dynamics simulation.
Itamu umumi yooya’ ökiwni (“We Will Arrive as Rain to You”): Evidence of Historical Relationships among Western Basketmaker, Fremont, and Hopi Peoples

During Basketmaker II (∼800 BC to AD 400), Kiowa-speaking Eastern Basketmaker (EBM) farmers who migrated north shared threads of common heritage with Fremont peoples [Ortman and McNeil, 2017. The K...
TET3 regulates DNA hydroxymethylation of neuroprotective genes following focal ischemia.

The 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) epigenetic modification is highly enriched in the CNS and a critical modulator of neuronal function and development. We found that cortical 5hmC was enhanced from...
Research progress in diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis(CF)is a multisystem disorder caused by mutation in the gene for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.Early diagnosis and early treatment are the key to prevent and control CF.With the development of molecular genetics, the detection rate of CF is greatly improved, even during the neonatal period, CF can be diagnosed.The newly developed drugs and comprehensive therapies have greatly prolonged the survival time of the patients.With the new understanding of the disease, the early diagnosis and treatment of CF are possible.Now, the diagnostic methods and treatment progress of CF are reviewed. Key words: Cystic fibrosis; Genetic diagnosis; Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; Sweat test