cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do Psychological Shocks Affect Financial Risk Taking Behavior? A Study of U.S. Veterans

Traditional economic theories assume that individuals are endowed with certain risk preferences that are unaltered by experiences. However, recent evidence indicates that macroeconomic shocks do have an efiect on an individual’s willingness to take flnancial risks. In the context of investment decisions, we examine empirically whether individual’s risk preferences are afiected by other types of traumatic life experiences. Using a unique proprietary data set, we investigate whether personal traumatic experiences - such as the combat experiences of veterans - have long-term efiects on flnancial risk taking behavior. We flnd that having experienced combat decreases the probability of investing in risky assets. Key policy implications are noted.
SPIN--PARITY ANALYSIS OF THE B MESON.

From the decay distribution and the polarization of the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ in $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\pi}$, the $B$ is found to have either ${J}^{P}={1}^{+}$ or ${J}^{P}={2}^{+}{3}^{\ensuremath{-}}{4}^{+}\ensuremath{\cdots}$. The observed polarization of the $B$ appears more plausible for the ${J}^{P}={1}^{+}$ hypothesis.
Proteins as potential bacterial growth inhibitors in foods: Suppression of the activity of water by proteins as determined by NMR relaxation methods

Food microbiologists have long known that suppression of the activity of water,aw, can retard microbial growth in food systems. Traditionally,aw, suppression has been achieved by addition of salts or humectants to foods. To limit the amount of preservatives added to food products, studies were initiated to assess the feasibility of using proteins to suppressaw to a practical value for retarding bacterial growth and to determine the optimum environmental condition for maximizing this effect for milk proteins. New expressions were developed relating observed longitudinal and transverse NMR relaxation rates, in the absence of cross-relaxation, to protein hydration\(\bar \upsilon _w \), to the protein activity coefficient, γp, and to the correlation time of the bound water, τc. From γp, the second virial coefficient of the protein,Bo, can be found. By use of\(\bar \upsilon _w \) andBo,aw could then be directly evaluated at any protein concentration. Resulting expressions were tested by2H-NMR relaxation measurements made as a function of protein concentration, for: β-lactoglobulin A (the major whey protein) under nonassociating (pH 6.0) and associating (pH 4.65) conditions; and for casein (the major milk protein) in the micellar (with added Ca2+) and submicellar (without Ca2+) forms. Values ofaw calculated from these2H-NMR data show that casein, at all the concentrations and temperatures examined, suppressesaw more than does β-lactoglobulin A because of a largerBo. In turn, micellar casein suppressesaw to a larger extent than does submicellar casein because of a larger\(\bar \upsilon _w \). Extrapolation ofaw at 4°C to a concentration ten times that in normal milk yields a value, ofaw of less than 0.95, at whichSalmonella and some strains ofClostridium botulinum no longer grow. These results are in agreement with what is known about storageability of condensed milk. Generalizations regarding the types of proteins and cosolutes to be used for suppressingaw will be discussed. Structural information on these proteins calculated from τc will also be presented.
Use of in-situ simulation to investigate latent safety threats prior to opening a new emergency department

Abstract Introduction The opening of a new emergency department creates numerous unknowns that can become latent safety threats (LSTs) to patient welfare. Healthcare providers can also experience increased stress working in a novel environment, which has been shown to negatively affect decision making, teamwork, and ultimately patient safety. Methods In order to identify LSTs and orient staff, multidisciplinary teams participated in 15 in-situ simulations followed by focused debriefing sessions that stressed uncovering LSTs prior to the ED’s opening. Participants also received an electronic, de-identified survey requesting feedback and recollection of any additional LSTs not mentioned during the debriefing. Staff members were then sent the NASA-Task Load Index questionnaire during the first week of opening, which focused on the staff members stress level. Results Over 100 healthcare workers of various disciplines participated in 15 in-situ simulations over the course of one day. Thirty-five LSTs were identified and modified before the opening of the new emergency department. The majority (93%) of participants felt that simulations helped them orient to the new space. While the absolute level of stress was the same between cohorts, irritation and discouragement were 16% less in the group completing the simulation. Discussion In-situ simulations performed prior to the opening of a new emergency department identified 35 modifiable latent safety threats. Simulations were an effective way to orient staff to the new space and seemed to decrease the level of discouragement and irritation of healthcare workers during the first few weeks of the emergency department’s opening.
Cell Biology: Scaling and the Emergence of Evolutionary Cell Biology

A new study investigating the origins of diversity in the structure of the mitotic spindle in nematode embryos, at timescales spanning a few generations to hundreds of millions of years, finds that most features of the spindle evolve via a scaling relationship generated by natural selection acting directly upon embryo size.
An Inexpensive Nuclear Energy Generation Network for Stellar Hydrodynamics

We compare the nuclear energy generation rate and abundance levels given by an α-chain nuclear reaction network that contains only seven isotopes with a standard 13 isotope α-chain reaction network. The energy generation rate of these two small networks are also compared to the energy generation rate given by a 489 isotope reaction network with weak reactions turned on and off. The comparison between the seven isotope and α-chain reaction networks indicate the extent to which one can be replaced by the other, and the comparison with the 489 isotope reaction network roughly indicates under what physical conditions it is safe to use the seven isotope and α-chain reaction networks. The seven isotope reaction network reproduces the nuclear energy generation rate of the standard α-chain reaction network to within 30%, but often much better, during hydrostatic and explosive helium, carbon, and oxygen burning. It will also provide energy generation rates within 30% of an α-chain reaction network for silicon burning at densities less than 107 g cm-3. Provided there remains an equal number of protons and neutrons (Ye = 0.5) over the course of the evolution, and that flows through α-particle channels dominate, then both of the small reaction networks return energy generation rates that are compatible with the energy generation rate returned by the 489 reaction network. If Ye is significantly different from 0.5, or if there are substantial flows through neutron and protons channels, then it is not generally safe to employ any α-chain based reaction network. The relative accuracy of the seven isotope reaction network, combined with its reduction in the computational cost, suggest that it is a suitable replacement for α-chain reaction networks for parameter space surveys of a wide class of multidimensional stellar models.
VACCINATION OF CATS FOR FELINE RHINOTRACHEITIS RESULTS IN A QUANTITATIVE REDUCTION OF VIRULENT FELINE HERPESVIRUS-1 LATENCY LOAD AFTER CHALLENGE

Abstract We recently described the construction of a feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) recombinant vaccine strain, FHVβ-galgIgEΔ, containing a deletion in both the gI and the gE genes. We also reported comparative tests of its safety and efficacy in cats. These cats were unvaccinated or subcutaneously vaccinated with FHVβ-galgIgEΔ, its isotypic parent strain (FHV-1SA), or a commercial FHV-1 vaccine strain (FHV-1CV) and subsequently challenged with a virulent field strain of FHV-1. Here we report the determination of FHV-1 field virus latency load after challenge in the same experimental animals. FHV-1 specific quantitative PCR was carried out on feline genomic DNA isolated from trigeminal ganglia, olfactory bulbs, and brain stems. We have determined that a reduction in field virus latency load in cats vaccinated subcutaneously with wild-type FHV-1 strains prior to challenge is dependent upon glycoproteins gI and gE deleted in FHVβ-galgIgEΔ.
Key Barriers to Medication Adherence in Survivors of Strokes and Transient Ischemic Attacks

BACKGROUND Even though medications can greatly reduce the risk of recurrent stroke, medication adherence is suboptimal in stroke survivors.
A single-particle model calculation of total energy surfaces in heavy nuclei

Abstract The total energy surfaces for heavy nuclei have been calculated using a double-center oscillator, single-particle potential. The energy surfaces are calculated using the summation method of Nilsson in which the virial term, proportional to 〈 T − V 〉, has been calculated explicitly. It is found that this term significantly influences the shape of the energy surface and the calculated height of the fission barrier. The fission barrier for 236 U is reduced by 77 MeV with the inclusion of this term. Equilibrium deformations, fission barrier heights and shape isomer excitation energies for nuclei ranging from 230 Th to 256 Fm are calculated and compared with experimental data as well as other theoretical calculations. It is found that the calculated fission barrier heights are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data if the oscillator parameter, ħω 0 , is chosen so that the single-particle level density of the model equals that experimentally observed in the actinide region. Isomeric states, ranging in energy from 2 to 3 MeV, are predicted in nuclei from thorium to curium but are absent in the heavier elements. In thorium the calculations predict that the inner barrier is quite small and spontaneous fission would not likely be observed. In the heavier isotopes of uranium, the lighter isotopes of curium and virtually all of the isotopes of plutonium and americium, the calculated barriers are of nearly equal size. The outer barrier predicted in the heavier curium isotopes is small and observation of spontaneous fission might be quite difficult. It is shown that the energy surfaces are rather insensitive to the Nilsson spin-orbit parameter k . The quadrupole deformation of the ground state of the range of nuclei investigated is about β 2 = 0.25 while that of the isomeric state is about β 2 = 0.70.
A framework for evaluating OSH program effectiveness using leading and trailing metrics.

Abstract Introduction Many employers and regulators today rely primarily on a few past injury/ illness metrics as criteria for rating the effectiveness of occupational safety and health (OSH) programs. Although such trailing data are necessary to assess program success, they may not be sufficient for developing proactive safety, ergonomic, and medical management plans. Methods The goals of this pilot study were to create leading metrics (company self-assessment ratings) and trailing metrics (past loss data) that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of OSH program elements that range from primary to tertiary prevention. The main hypothesis was that the new metrics would be explanatory variables for three standard future workers compensation (WC) outcomes in 2003 (rates of total cases, lost time cases, and costs) and that the framework for evaluating OSH programs could be justifiably expanded. For leading metrics, surveys were developed to allow respondents to assess OSH exposures and program prevention elements (management leadership/ commitment, employee participation, hazard identification, hazard control, medical management, training, and program evaluation). After pre-testing, surveys were sent to companies covered by the same WC insurer in early 2003. A total of 33 completed surveys were used for final analysis. A series of trailing metrics were developed from 1999-2001 WC data for the surveyed companies. Data were analyzed using a method where each main 2003 WC outcome was dichotomized into high and low loss groups based on the median value of the variable. The mean and standard deviations of survey questions and 1999-2001 WC variables were compared between the dichotomized groups. Hypothesis testing was performed using F-test with a significance level 0.10. Results/Discussion Companies that exhibited higher musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) WC case rates from 1999-2001 had higher total WC case rates in 2003. Higher levels of several self-reported OSH program elements (tracking progress in controlling workplace safety hazards, identifying ergonomic hazards, using health promotion programs) were associated with lower rates of WC lost time cases in 2003. Higher reported exposures to noise and projectiles were also associated with higher rates of WC cases and costs in 2003. Impact on Industry This research adds to a growing body of preliminary evidence that valid leading and trailing metrics can be developed to evaluate OSH effectiveness. Both the rating of OSH efforts and the regular trending of past loss outcomes are likely useful in developing data-driven improvement plans that are reactive to past exposures and proactive in identifying system deficiencies that drive future losses.
A Disability Critique of the New Prenatal Test for Down Syndrome

This article presents evidence that the availability of a new noninvasive test for Down syndrome (known as "MaterniT21") could result in increased uptake of prenatal testing for Down syndrome and an increase in selective abortions of affected fetuses. I argue that people with Down syndrome and those sympathetic to them have reason to object to these developments because bias against cognitive disability is an influence on decisions to test and terminate for Down syndrome, and social practices motivated by bias are objectionable. The article addresses many of the challenges to the disability critique formulated by its detractors. I discuss whether the disability critique is the same as the "expressivist" objection to prenatal testing, the nature of the harm experienced by people with Down syndrome, and the link between prenatal testing and this harm.
The Impact of Morbid Obesity on Hospital Length of Stay in Kidney Transplant Recipients

database. Subjects:The study sample consistedof 42,787 morbidly obese (body mass index 35-40 kg/m 2 ) andnormal weight (body mass index 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2 ) who underwent primary kidney-only transplantation between 2000 and 2008. Main Outcome Measures: Morbidly obese and normal-weight subgroups were crudely evaluated for prolonged LOS (.7 days). Logistic regression modeling compared LOS in morbidly obese and normal-weight subgroups with varying characteristics and determined predictors of prolonged LOS. Results: All morbidly obese subgroups had significantly higher crude rates of prolonged LOS (P , .05). However, no significant differencesinprolonged LOS wereseenbetween anyofthemorbidlyobese ornormal-weight subgroupsinmultivariate analysis.Morbid obesity was an independent predictor of prolonged LOS (P , .001) but not a stronger predictor than that of being African American, having coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, or peripheral vascular disease, being 50 to 80 years of age, having a previous transplant or poor functional status. Receiving a deceased-donor transplant and being dialysis dependent .4 years were significantly better predictors of prolonged LOS compared with morbid obesity (P , .05). Conclusions:Some morbidly obese populations have LOS rates that are not significantly different than many commonly transplanted normal weight populations, andtheimpact morbid obesity hasonLOS isnot different than many otherfactors often seeninkidneytransplant recipients; therefore, morbid obesity alone should not be a financial consideration in kidney transplant.
Steady state multiplicity and stability of enzymatic reaction systems.

Several techniques for investigating the multiplicity and stability of open isothermal enzymatic reactors are discussed and some of the pitfalls in previous thinking pointed out. The example which is used to illustrate these methods exhibits several interesting features. Among these is the existence of a stable oscillatory state which surrounds a unique steady state which is asymptotically stable to certain finite disturbances.
Localization of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the teleost retina: effects of dopamine and prolonged darkness.

Localization of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the white perch retina was carried out with immunohistochemical and autoradiographic methods. Following exposure to dopamine or prolonged darkness, cAMP staining was observed by immunohistochemistry in the distal part of the inner nuclear layer, i.e. in the horizontal cells. After exposure to dopamine, increased levels of cAMP were also observed by autoradiography in many horizontal cells. Finally, increased levels of cAMP staining were observed immunohistochemically following incubation with dopamine in all types of cone-related horizontal cells that had been isolated and maintained in culture.
Air-dry primer coatings from dehydrated lesquerella oil

Abstract Lesquerella oil (LO), a domestic vegetable oil of hydroxy fatty acid content, was dehydrated (DLO) and the product used to synthesize oil modified polyesters. The polyesters were comparatively evaluated with analogous dehydrated castor oil (DCO) polyesters. Accordingly, polyesters were synthesized from DLO and DCO, and subsequently formulated into air-drying, anti-corrosive primers for evaluation. The DLO and DCO coatings gave comparable pencil hardness, adhesion, and UV resistant properties. However, DLO derived coatings showed reduced drying time, superior flexibility, and corrosion resistance in comparison to a DCO counterpart.
Implementation of a Bayesian adaptive design in a proof of concept study.

With increased costs of drug development the need for efficient studies has become critical. A key decision point on the development pathway has become the proof of concept study. These studies must provide clear information to the project teams to enable decision making about further developing a drug candidate but also to gain evidence that any effect size is sufficient to warrant this development given the current market environment. Our case study outlines one such proof of concept trial where a new candidate therapy for neuropathic pain was investigated to assess dose–response and to evaluate the magnitude of its effect compared to placebo. A Normal Dynamic Linear Model was used to estimate the dose–response – enforcing some smoothness in the dose–response, but allowing for the fact that the dose–response may be non-monotonic. A pragmatic, parallel group study design was used with interim analyses scheduled to allow the sponsor to drop ineffective doses or to stop the study. Simulations were performed to assess the operating characteristics of the study design. The study results are presented. Significant cost savings were made when it transpired that the new candidate drug did not show superior efficacy when compared placebo and the study was stopped. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What are American children eating? Implications for public policy.

As the health and demographic profile of the U.S. population changes, the food consumption patterns of American children have also changed. This review is organized around a series of policy issues looking at these new food consumption patterns, their relationship to the Dietary Guidelines, and their impact on children's health.
Subanosecond solvent relaxation studies by oxygen quenching of fluorescence

Abstract Quenching by oxygen under a pressure of 100 atmospheres reduces the fluorescence lifetime of ethanolic solutions of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulphonate and indole to 54 and 36 psec from the unquenched values of 13.4 and 5.0 nsec, respectively, while the corresponding fluorescence emissions are blue-shifted by 5 and 8 nm. The latter shift, due to incomplete solvent relaxationduring the shortened fluorescence lifetime, is too fast for detection by the complementary technique of nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopy, but is revealed by the quenching method, which provides for a hundred-fold improvement in time-resolution and is capable of wider application.
Fatty acid oxidation in human skeletal muscle

In this issue of the JCI, Rasmussen et al. (1) describe the functional regulation of fatty acid oxidation by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in human skeletal muscle. The authors report inhibition of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation, but not medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) oxidation, in association with increased intramyocellular malonyl-CoA concentrations. Normally, a glucose infusion designed to raise intramyocellular malonyl-CoA by creating hyperglycemia would suppress plasma FFA concentrations from the usual (∼500 μmol/l) to extremely low levels (<30 μmol/l) in normal, healthy volunteers, making measures of LCFA oxidation uninterpretable. By maintaining stable plasma FFA concentrations, the investigators could reasonably compare MCFA oxidation, a process not dependent upon carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), with LCFA oxidation, a process that is dependent upon CPT-1 activity. Malonyl-CoA is a potent inhibitor of CPT-1 activity (2), and thus increases in malonyl-CoA concentration should inhibit access of LCFAs into the mitochondria (Figure ​(Figure1).1). These data are the best evidence to date that changes in intramyocellular malonyl-CoA participate in the regulation of LCFA oxidation in humans. Figure 1 The major sites of regulation of fatty acid entry into myocellular mitochondria. Insulin inhibits (–) lipolysis, thus lowering FFA concentrations and limiting FFA availability for transport into muscle. Insulin stimulates (+) muscle glucose ...
Site-specific pyrolysis-induced cleavage at aspartic acid residue in peptides and proteins.

A simple and site-specific non-enzymatic method based on pyrolysis has been developed to cleave peptides and proteins. Pyrolytic cleavage was found to be specific and rapid as it induced a cleavage at the C-terminal side of aspartic acid in the temperature range of 220–250 °C in 10 seconds. Electrospray Ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem-MS (MS/MS) were used to characterize and identify pyrolysis cleavage products, confirming that sequence information is conserved after the pyrolysis process in both peptides and protein tested. This suggests that pyrolysis-induced cleavage at aspartyl residues can be used as a rapid protein digestion procedure for the generation of sequence specific protein biomarkers.
Systems Change In The Process Of Unifying Teacher Education

Current factors influencing the education and care of young children are many and varied. These factors include the increase of poverty among families with children under five, the growing presence of violence in the lives of young children, and changing demographics (Edelman, 1995). It has been estimated that by the year 2000, one of every four children in the United States will live in poverty. Birth rates for children who are most likely to be at-risk, minorities and immigrants, are substantially higher than birth rates among less at-risk populations (New Faces at School, 1991). In addition, progress in medical technology has increased the number of children entering school programs who are medically fragile (Rapport, 1996). Children who are technologically dependent and/or chronically and terminally ill are being enrolled in school and child care programs. As a response to these increases, federal legislation and many educators support the inclusion of children with disabilities in general education c...
Highly negative electric probes in a flowing continuum plasma

The general problem of an electric probe in a flowing continuum plasma is solved using perturbation theory, together with the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The small parameter used is the inverse of the dimensionless probe potential. The lowest order results yield a quasineutral region in which the ion concentration is constant, and an ion sheath region in which the electron density is zero. The electric potential and the electric field are zero at the edge of the sheath region. The remaining problem consists of solving the sheath equations. A solution is found for spherical and cylindrical probes in the case that the sheath is thin compared with the radius of the probe, but thick compared with the viscous boundary layer. For sheaths that are not thin compared with the probe radius, an iterative method of solution is proposed. The results are presented as a one-parameter family of curves. It is shown that there exists a limiting current, which obtains when the ion density around the probe remains essentially equal to the freestream value. The theoretical results obtained are in fair agreement with available experimental data. Attention is given to other theoretical results, as well as to various improvements neededmore » for further progress.« less
Kinetics of Synthesis of d4-Succinic Anhydride from Succinic Anhydride and d1-Acetic Acid

The synthesis and the kinetics of the synthesis of d4-succinic anhydride from succinic anhydride and d1-acetic acid, catalyzed by sodium acetate, are presented. The results show that the conversion is both base and solvent catalyzed, suggesting that the deuteration may occur through the enolization of succinic anhydride. The synthesis is faster and simpler than previous methods and makes use of relatively accessible and inexpensive materials.
Foreign policy, bipartisanship and the paradox of post-September 11 America

The attacks of September 11 and the resulting war on terrorism present a puzzle to conventional explanations of foreign policy bipartisanship. Public anxiety about the international environment increased sharply after the attacks in 2001, but this did not translate into greater foreign policy consensus despite the initial predictions of many analysts. In this article, we advance a theory of foreign policy bipartisanship that emphasizes its domestic underpinnings to explain the absence of consensus in Washington. We argue that bipartisanship over foreign policy depends as much on domestic economic and electoral conditions as on the international security environment. Using multivariate analysis of roll call voting in the House of Representatives from 1889 to 2008, we show that bipartisanship over foreign policy is most likely not only when the country faces a foreign threat but also when the national economy is strong and when party coalitions are regionally diverse. This was the case during the Cold War. Despite concern about terrorism in recent years, economic volatility and regional polarization have made bipartisan cooperation over foreign policy elusive.
A Redescription of Macrophthalmus Latipes Borradaile, 1903: an Ocypodid Crab With Portunid-Like Paddles (Decapoda, Brachyura)

Redescription du seul Ocypodidae chez lequel on observe des pattes natatoires comme chez les portuniens, Macrophthalmus latipes Borradaile, 1903.
Expansion of placental site and maternal blood supply of primate placentas.

Development of placental site and uteroplacental arteries was studied in Tarsiidae, Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea. In Tarsiidae the placental attachment and single artery remain essentially unchanged from early on, and the placenta grows beyond the original site in the shape of a button. In Tarsiidae and Ceboidea maternal arteries and their branches are incorporated in the placenta and their wall is replaced later by a layer of fibrin, Ceboidea have several arteries in the original placental site; this site is enlarged including additional arteries by ingrowth of villi from the chorion in an area surrounding the original site. Further growth is by centrifugal spread; the basal endometrium is stretched and no new arteries are tapped. In Cercopithecoidea the placenta has a sharp border from early on. Spread with stretching of the underlying endometrium occurs here, too. Additional arteries running in this stretched endometrium are secondarily tapped and increase the total number. The disc of Hominoidea, remaining after formation of the chorion laeve, also stretches the underlying decidua, but then trophoblast pervades much of it until it taps arteries in a much larger area than in the other forms.
Abstract 73: Preclinical evaluation of chemoradiation with cetuximab HPV-positive head and neck cancer suggests significant radiosensitization.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC PURPOSE: Whether cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor, should be combined with radiation in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) is not known. Currently available data are inadequate to address this important therapeutic question. We sought to examine the ability of cetuximab to act as a radiosensitizer and to examine the mechanism of action of this combination in a model system of HPV+ HNC. METHODS: Four cell lines (UD-SCC2, UM-SCC47, UPCI-SCC90, 93-VU-147T) validated for HPV expression were used for all assays. Subcutaneous flank xenografts were performed in Hsd:athymic Nude-Foxn1nu female mice treated with intraperitoneal cetuximab (0.2mg/mouse) or flank radiation (2 Gy/fraction) delivered twice weekly for 2 weeks. Time to tumor quadrupling from baseline was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis by Annexin V staining and cell cycle distribution by propidium iodide staining. RESULTS: While there was minimal in vitro radiosensitization after treatment with cetuximab (similar to that seen in HPV-negative HNC), cetuximab + radiation resulted in a significant increase in time to tumor quadrupling compared to cetuximab alone (p=0.001) or radiation alone (p<0.0001) in HPV+ HNC xenografts. Increased apoptosis was seen in cetuximab and radiation treated cells. Analysis of cell cycle distribution 24 hours after drug treatment showed that cetuximab induced a modest G1 cell cycle arrest when given prior to radiation, but that 24 hours after combined therapy, a significant G2 arrest was present. CONCLUSIONS: Using HPV+ HNC cell lines, radiation and cetuximab appear to be beneficial compared to either treatment alone. This combination, currently undergoing study in randomized clinical trial is being further evaluated in a direct from patient tumorgraft model of HPV+ HNC to further understand predictors of response. Citation Format: Molly A. Smith, Grace C. Blitzer, Alexandra D. Torres, Eric A. Armstrong, Paul F. Lambert, Paul M. Harari, Randall J. Kimple. Preclinical evaluation of chemoradiation with cetuximab HPV-positive head and neck cancer suggests significant radiosensitization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 73. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-73
Narrating Domestic Violence: Producing the “Truth' of Violence in 19th' and 20th‐century Hawaiian Courts

Stories told by and about men who batter women in the courts of Hawai in the mid-19th century and in the late 20th century are strikingly similar. Courts, then as now, accept some justifications for battering and reject others, in the process constructing the boundary between legitimate and illegitimate violence. Throughout this period, the legal system claimed to focus only on the violent act itself, not the emotional or personal violation. The law interprets the violence as brute fact, knowable without regard to the social relationship or system of cultural meanings within which it occurs. There are persistent contradictions between the law's construction of domestic violence as an unambiguous physical act and litigants' and judges' views that these violent acts are moments within the social dynamics of gendered power relations. At the same time, there are recurrent tensions between the efforts of the legal system to portray violent acts against women in terms of rational categories of action and, in contrast, the experience of violence and the meanings within which it occurs that are often opaque to such sense-making, defiant of a simple means-ends calculus. Language: en
Drosophila P-element transcripts are incorrectly processed in tobacco

A gene encoding the Drosophila P-element transposase was expressed in transgenic tobacco plants under transcriptional control of the Drosophila HSP70 promoter. Polyadenylated transcripts were produced, but the major transcript was about 1 kb shorter than expected and the two introns were not removed. The 3' end of the most abundant transcript occurred within the transposase coding sequence downstream of the acceptor site of the second intron within a region of high A+T content. These results provide an additional example in which RNA processing enzymes of plants utilize different mRNA processing signals than animals.
A self-stabilizing algorithm for coloring planar graphs

This paper describes an algorithm for coloring the nodes of a planar graph with no more than six colors using a self-stabilizing approach. The first part illustrates the coloring algorithm on a directed acyclic version of the given planar graph. The second part describes a self-stabilizing algorithm for generating the directed acyclic version of the planar graph, and combines the two algorithms into one.
Effective field of a dipole in non-polar polarizable fluids

A theory of the effect of molecular polarizability on the equilibrium properties of dielectric liquids is developed, and then applied to study molecular dynamics calculations of the field of a dipole in non-polar polarizable fluids. The point of view is adopted that molecular polarizability arises because some intramolecular degrees of freedom give rise to single molecule dipole moment fluctuations. Thus intramolecular internal degrees of freedom are explicitly incorporated into a classical statistical mechanical description of the system. To compare with classical molecular dynamics results these internal degrees of freedom are modelled as Drude oscillators. The agreement with the computer simulation results is quite good. These results suggest that this method is capable of providing accurate and convenient descriptions of the effects of molecular polarizability in a variety of more complicated circumstances.
An altered pattern of enzyme activity in tissues associated with wounds in Acer saccharum

Abstract Sites of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-linked respiratory activity in sugar maple tissues after wounding were shown by the histochemical localization of NAD diaphorase. The enzymic dehydrogenation of reduced NAD conjoined with the reduction of nitro-blue tetrazolium resulted in intracellular deposits of diformazans at sites of diaphorase activity. Following wounding diformazans formed in parenchyma cells contiguous with the wound and developed in previous years. Intense diformazan deposits formed in specific parenchyma “contact cells” which connected the vascular and parenchyma systems. The same parenchyma cells were quiescent in non-wounded tissues older than 1 year. Development of plugs in vessels concomitant with a decrease in starch granules and diaphorase activity in cells altered by wounding suggests a non-specific defensive mechanism to microorganisms. A bacterium, Bacillus cereus, infecting some tissues and capable of reducing NBT, complicated the precise delineation of the host's response to infection.
The Pacific Northwest Forest Debate: Bringing Religion Back In?1

This paper puts into relief the religious dimension of the fierce fight over the federal forests in Oregon. My purpose is to describe and comment on some of the religiously based normative pictures that underlie the institutional dynamics of the dispute. Oregon's religious contours are sketched as backdrop. Strands of civil religion Oregon style are teased out. Oregon Lutheran and Catholic visions are examined. Based on field observations, interviews and analysis of public documents, the essay finds a vital, though marginalised, religious dimension to the debate. Yet, moral vocabularies of a religious nature, evident in the personal convictions of forest debate participants, tend to drop out in public discourse, especially at the level of policy. While preserving the Enlightenment critique of religion, I argue, religion should be brought back in to the public square to give voice to religious persons and groups. Citizens and national forest policy makers must create the conditions in which religious voices are heard along with biological and economic ones. Not doing so violates a fundamental principle of political liberalism: inclusion. Suggestions are made as to how public debates, which include religious voices, might proceed.
Hours at work and employment status among HIV-infected patients.

Objective : To study differences in employment and work hours among three groups of HIV-infected and non-infected individuals. Methods : Data on 1263 patients seen in five different sites in California were drawn from the AIDS Time-Oriented Health Outcome Study. Three groups of patients were examined : AIDS patients, HIV-positives without diagnosed AIDS, and HIV-negatives. The HIV-negative patients were used as a comparison group in comparing hours worked by all patients, whether they worked or not ; the probability of working, regardless of the number of hours ; and work hours only for those patients who worked. Results : Adjustment for covariates in a 2-equation econometric model reduced the difference in employment rates between the AIDS patients and the other two groups, suggesting that characteristics other than AIDS status account, in part, for their low employment rates. After adjustment, we did not find any statistically significant differences in employment probabilities or work hours between the HIV-positive patients without diagnosed AIDS and the comparison group. However, AIDS patients reported approximately 14 work hours fewer (P<0.0001) and lower probabilities of employment (P< 0.0001) than the HIV-negative comparison group among all patients with and without jobs. Moreover, among those with jobs, patients with AIDS reported approximately 3 work hours fewer per week (P=0.0385). No statistically significant differences in work hours were found between HIV-positives without diagnosed AIDS and comparison patients. Conclusion : AIDS patients were less likely to be employed than either of the other groups, but crude, unadjusted unemployment rates exaggerate the effect of AIDS. For those employed, AIDS patients work only 3 h less per week than either of the other groups.
miR-199a, a bone morphogenic protein 2-responsive MicroRNA, regulates chondrogenesis via direct targeting to Smad1.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate a variety of biological processes. The role of miRNAs in BMP2-mediated biological processes is of considerable interest. A comparative miRNA array led to the isolation of several BMP2-responsive miRNAs. Among them, miR-199a* is of particular interest, because it was reported to be specifically expressed in the skeletal system. Here we demonstrate that miR-199a* is an early responsive target of BMP2: its level was dramatically reduced at 5 h, quickly increased at 24 h and remained higher thereafter in the course of BMP2-triggered chondrogenesis of a micromass culture of pluripotent C3H10T1/2 stem cells. miR-199a* significantly inhibited early chondrogenesis, as revealed by the reduced expression of early marker genes for chondrogenesis such as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), type II collagen, and Sox9, whereas anti-miR-199a* increased the expression of these chondrogenic marker genes. A computer-based prediction algorithm led to the identification of Smad1, a well established downstream molecule of BMP-2 signaling, as a putative target of miR-199a*. The pattern of Smad1 mRNA expression exhibited the mirror opposite of miR-199a* expression following BMP-2 induction. Furthermore, miR-199a* demonstrated remarkable inhibition of both endogenous Smad1 as well as a reporter construct bearing the 3-untranslated region of Smad1 mRNA. In addition, mutation of miR-199a* binding sites in the 3′-untranslated region of Smad1 mRNA abolished miR-199a*-mediated repression of reporter gene activity. Mechanism studies revealed that miR-199a* inhibits Smad1/Smad4-mediated transactivation of target genes, and that overexpression of Smad1 completely corrects miR-199a*-mediated repression of early chondrogenesis. Taken together, miR-199a* is the first BMP2 responsive microRNA found to adversely regulate early chondrocyte differentiation via direct targeting of the Smad1 transcription factor.
Comparison of three sterilization procedures on the quality of the male boll weevil.

Irradiation (10 krads in a nitrogen atmosphere) plus dipping in 0.1% diflubenzuron in acetone of 6-day-old Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman was selected over fumigation plus dipping of adults and fractionated irradiation of pupae as the method of choice for sterilization for production of quality weevils. The results for this method were: sterility 98.5% mortality 34.5% at 7 days posttreatment; mating with sperm transfer, 78.5% and 59.6%, of normal at 3 and 7 days posttreatment, respectively; and pheromone production of 0.4 µg/adult/day. Fumigation plus pentluron produced comparable sterile males, but irradiation was more convenient and safer.
Heterophase polymerization of 4‐ vinylpyridine with butyllithium

The butyllithium-initiated polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine in hydrocarbon media proceeded by an anionic addition mechanism. The colorless, soluble reactants rapidly formed a granular, intensely colored, polymer precipitate at temperatures below −30°C. in heptane and toluene diluents. When the reaction was carried out in an impurity-free environment, the highly colored reaction mixture remained unchanged for indefinite periods of time, and further addition of monomer produced continued growth of polymer chains. A dilatometric technique was employed to follow the rate of polymerization in toluene media. The experimental methods that were used for manipulation of solutions in vacuo resulted in polymerization (30–50% conversion) during an initial unsteady temperature period followed by a constant temperature interval during which rate measurements were obtained. Initial monomer and initiator concentrations were varied over a fourfold range. Rate measurements were made in the temperature interval −30°C. to +30°C. The dilatometric kinetic experiments together with additional, independent observations established that the rate was proportional to monomer concentration, and to the one half power of the initiator concentration, suggesting an equilibrium complex formation of growing polymeric anions. Rate constants were computed from the values of the rates obtained from the dilatometric kinetic experiments and the square root of the effective initiator concentration. A calculation of the temperature dependence of the rate constants produced an activation energy of 12.7 kcal./mole. As predicted by anionic polymerization theory, the polymer formed in these reactions had a number-average molecular weight equal to the ratio, (weight of polymer)/(equivalents of initiator). The polymer was fractionated by elution chromatography with tert-butyl alcohol and benzene solvent–nonsolvent mixtures. The molecular weight distributions of the polymer, constructed from fractionation data, showed a bimodal distribution in two fairly narrow molecular weight ranges. This uncommon molecular weight distribution is due to occlusion of a portion of the active growing chain ends in the polymer precipitate. These trapped reaction sites (which in these experiments amounted to 95% and up of the total initiator concentration) no longer produced chain growth due to the absence of available monomer. The remaining “effective” reaction sites thus grow to high molecular weight and are responsible for the observed kinetics.
The Influence of Cutting Rate on the Evaluation of Affective Content of Film

This investigation examined the hypothesis that the evaluation of the affective content of a film scene would be determined by the interaction of scene content and film cutting rate. Two simple narrative films were shot differing only in the emotions expressed (happiness or anger), and two edited versions of each film, a fast and a slow cutting rate version, were prepared. Subjects evaluated the principles in the films as well as their own feelings while watching the films, using Mehrabian and Russell's emotional state inventory. The results supported the interaction hypothesis, as indicated by the findings that the faster cutting enhanced the positive ratings of a speaker in the “happy” film, but led to enhanced negative ratings of the same speaker when he presented an angry demeanor. In the angry scenes, where there may be multiple layers of meaning and emotional content, the interaction effects were more complex, but still largely consistent with the hypothesis.
A preliminary investigation into the effect of pressure on flotation performance

In a previous study, various pyrite depressants were examined to improve the flotation performance of a copper-sulfide ore containing tetrahedrite (Cu12Sb4S13). Optimal results from this study were used to examine the effect of elevation on recovery and grade. Tests were conducted at elevations of 3,350 meters, 1,735 meters, 610 meters, and-760 meters, consisting of five repetitive experiments for statistical analysis. The experiments were performed both with and without airflow control. Tests were also performed in a glove box at Montana Tech of The University of Montana to mimic the pressure conditions. Results indicate that both recovery and grade are dependent on pressure via bubble size and airflow, suggesting that pressurized fl otation cells should be considered for operations, particularly those at high elevation. Economics are extremely favorable for implementation because ensuing capital expenses are inconsequential with minimal time for return-on-investment.
Impact of Environmental Factors on Efficacy of Upper-Room Air Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation for Inactivating Airborne Mycobacteria

This study evaluated the efficacy of an upper-room air ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) system for inactivating airborne bacteria, which irradiates the upper part of a room while minimizin...
High-temperature thermal functions and the thermochemistry of zinc tungstate

Abstract Combination of low-temperature heat capacities with results from drop calorimetry has yielded a provisional set of thermal functions for ZnWO4(c) up to 1200 K. These high-temperature thermal functions permit an analysis of the thermochemistry of zinc tungstate and the selection of the value −(294.6 ± 0.3) kcalth mol−1 for the standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K.
A high-throughput on-line microdialysis-capillary assay for D-serine

A high-throughput method is described for the analysis of D-serine and other neurotransmitters in tissue homogenates. Analysis is performed by microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection in a sheath flow detection cell. Sample pretreatment is not required as microdialysis sampling excludes proteins and cell fragments. Primary amines are derivatized on-line with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol followed by on-line CE-LIF analysis. Under the separation conditions described here, D-serine is resolved from L-serine and other primary amines commonly found in biological samples. Each separation requires less than 22 s. Eliminating the need for sample pretreatment and performing the high-speed CE analysis on-line significantly reduces the time required for D-serine analysis when compared with traditional methods. This method has been used to quantify D-serine levels in larval tiger salamander retinal homogenates, as well as dopamine, gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), glutamate and L-aspartate. D-serine release from an intact retina was also detected.