cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strong-field ionization and dissociation studies of small early transition metal oxide clusters

Abstract We present the results of a systematic experimental approach utilizing time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) to investigate changes in maximum ionization states as the result of femtosecond pulse ionization. Strong-field gas-phase ionization experiments were performed on well characterized distributions of small early transition metal oxide (MxOy) clusters, where M = Ti, V, Cr, Nb, or Ta, created as a molecular beam via supersonic expansion. Utilizing high resolution TOF-MS enabled the observation of highly charged ions resulting from ionization and subsequent fragmentation via Coulomb explosion. Maximum charge states for each cluster distribution are reported as observed under various ionization conditions. Evidence for direct correlation with previously reported ionization energies of the component species is presented. Regardless of metal composition, it is observed that every cluster distribution gains approximately the same amount of energy from the external field. The extreme ionization of the targeted clusters produced ions of Ti10+, V9+, Cr8+, Nb11+, Ta11+, and O6+, requiring up to 216 eV of energy to create these maximum charge states via sequential ionization. Several enhanced ionization models are discussed with relation to our experimental data. Systematic investigations on the influence of cluster size and ionization laser pulse width indicate enhanced ionization contributions from the ionization ignition and charge-resonance enhanced ionization mechanisms.
The Cost of Diagnosis: A Comparison of Four Different Strategies in the Workup of Solitary Radiographic Lung Lesions

Introduction Due to the large numbers of negative results of sputum examinations in the face of malignant disease, we used a decision analytic model to determine whether, and under what conditions, sputum cytology (Spt) might have a cost-effective role to play in the approach to lung lesions. Methods We constructed a decision analytic model to compare the utility of Spt, image-directed fine-needle aspiration (FNA), bronchoscopic examination (Bronch), and open biopsy (OBx) in the evaluation of lung lesions. Prevalence and cost data were derived from local databases and diagnosis-related groups. Diagnostic sensitivity (sens) and specificity (spec) of the tests were derived from the literature and local data. Output of the model was lowest cost per correct malignant diagnosis and included surgical treatment costs. We did not attempt to model survival data or morbidity. Sensitivity analyses were performed using cost, test sensitivity, and lesion size variables. Results In the baseline case, a patient who is a surgical candidate with lesion size 2.8 cm, prevalence of malignancy=0.67, FNA sens=0.95, Bronch sens=0.80, Spt sens=0.51, OBx is the best initial procedure with a cost per correct diagnosis of $12,888. Sputum examination has the highest cost per correct diagnosis of $63,424. FNA and bronchoscopy have cost per correct diagnosis of $21,543 and $16,615, respectively. Sens analysis shows that OBx is the preferred strategy in the workup of lung lesions in patients who are surgical candidates older than 30 years of age. Spt is the preferred strategy only when the patient is not a surgical candidate, the lesion size is large (>4.7 cm), and only if sputum sens is >0.45. Conclusions Spt is not cost-effective in clinical practice, except when the patient has a large clinically unresectable lesion and the laboratory can demonstrate sufficient test sens.
Measurement of cardiac output by cine computed tomography

High-speed computed transmission tomography (cine CT) is a new noninvasive technique that may be useful for the rapid, accurate quantitation of cardiac function. The capability of cine CT to assess cardiac output was examined 10 mongrel dogs as an initial step in validating this method. After the dogs were anesthetized, femoral arterial pressure and pulmonary artery thermodilution catheters were inserted. After intravenous injection of a bolus of contrast medium, cine CT scans were performed in the flow mode, in which 50-ms scans were triggered electrocardiographically at end-diastole at 8 levels during sequential cardiac cycles. Scans and thermodilution measurements of cardiac output were obtained at rest and during altered hemodynamic states induced by separate infusions of dobutamine and phenylephrine. Time-density analysis was performed over the left ventricular cavity and curves were fitted to the CT flow data by gamma-variate analysis. Using the Stewart-Hamilton equation established for indicator dilution techniques, the cardiac output was calculated. The results established a direct linear correlation (r = 0.92) between cine CT cardiac output and thermodilution cardiac output over a wide range of cardiac outputs (1.5 to 6.3 liters/min). This study demonstrates that cine CT can provide a reliable estimate of cardiac output noninvasively using contrast medium as an indicator in dogs.
Pot hunter: a virtual reality game for analyzing range of motion

Patients undergoing physical therapy go through a series of sessions performing exercises to help improve the range of motion (RoM) in affected regions of the body due to disease or injury. However, patients find these tasks repetitive and boring and end up not completing the prescribed therapy program. It has been shown that game based therapy exercises have led to increased rates of compliance. In this paper, we provide a continuation of previous work in VR-based therapy and present Pot Hunter, and one type of RoM analysis for when a person reaches above their head.
Accumulation of Pyrimidine Intermediate Orotate Decreases Virulence Factor Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The impact of orotate accumulation in the medically important bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied by deleting pyrE, the gene encoding orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and responsible for converting orotate into orotate monophosphate within the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. The pyrE mutant accumulated orotate and exhibited decreased production of hemolysin, casein protease, and elastase. Feeding orotate at a concentration of 51.25 μM to the wild type, PAO1, likewise decreased production of these factors except for hemolysin, which was not affected. A significant increase in the pigments pyocyanin and pyoverdin was also observed. Pyocyanin increase in the pyrE mutant was heightened when the mutant was supplemented with orotate. Although pyoverdin production in the wild-type PAO1 was unaffected by orotate supplementation, a decrease in the mutant’s production was observed when supplemented with orotate. These results indicate a significant reduction in virulence factor production in the pyrE mutant and reduction in some virulence factors in the wild type when supplemented with orotate.
Evaporation-Limited Tropical Temperatures as a Constraint on Climate Sensitivity

Abstract Studies of paleoclimate and modern observations indicate that evaporative effects limit thermal response in equatorial regions. We develop a latitude-resolved, steady-state energy balance model which incorporates the effect of an evaporative constraint on the variation of equatorial temperature with solar luminosity. For a diffusive model of surface heat transport the constraint requires the diffusion coefficient to vary with insolation. We find that the movement of the iceline with insolation is four times larger than in standard energy balance models with a constant thermal diffusion coefficient. This is a consequence of the global energy balance which forces temperature changes to occur at high latitudes when they are evaporatively buffered at the equator. Nonlinear temperature-ice albedo feedback at high latitudes then amplifies the response leading to greater sensitivity in the vicinity of current climate.
Learning from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Classrooms: Using Inquiry to Inform Practice, edited by Joan C. Fingon and Sharon H. Ulanoff

Today’s classroom teachers are faced with increasingly diverse student populations. According to a report from the National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition (NCELA; 2011), English lea...
The proliferative response in rat lymph node

Abstract The proliferative response in the popliteal lymph nodes of rats after antigen injection in the foot pad was quantitated. The several antigens tested, bacterial flagella, sheep red blood cells, human albumin, and two antigens with adjuvant activity, complete Freund's adjuvant and endotoxin, all caused marked increases in the cellular content of the draining node, measured in terms of node DNA. Comparable increases in thymidine- 3 H incorporation into DNA were observed. Xylene caused a transitory increase in DNA synthesis. Capture of circulating lymphocytes apparently was not a significant factor in the increase in lymph node mass. A local inflammatory response was not necessary for the response.
Administration of antisense oligonucleotides to GαQ/11 reduces the severity of murine lupus

Abstract Our principle hypothesis is that the hypothalamic hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), is an immunostimulatory hormone and plays a pivotal role in the gender differences in immunity and/or autoimmunity. As a general rule, females display heightened immune responses and heightened endocrinological responsiveness to GnRH compared to males. We have previously demonstrated that GnRH receptor antagonists are effective in ameliorating murine lupus and that GnRH receptor agonists exacerbate murine lupus. GnRH exerts its actions via stimulatory G proteins, specifically via Gα s and the homologous G proteins Gα q and Gα 11 (referred to together as Gα q/11 ). We have previously demonstrated that females express higher levels of Gα q/11 mRNA and protein compared to males. We hypothesized that antisense inhibition of these specific G proteins would lead to a reduction in inflammatory cytokines and to an amelioration of disease in a mouse model of lupus. We randomized gonadectomized female (NZB × NZW) F1 hybrid mice to treatment with antisense oligonucleotides to Gα q/11 or to missense oligonucleotides. Administration of antisense oligonucleotides to Gα q/11 led to significant reductions in autoantibody levels, serum IgG levels, hematuria, and proteinuria compared to missense oligos. A trend toward prolonged survival was also noted. In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that antisense to Gα q/11 significantly inhibited IL–6 production compared to control.
Property taxes and urban housing abandonment

This paper formulates and estimates an economic mode1 of landlord housing abandonment, using New York City data. A major focus of the study is to investigate the importance of property taxes in the abandonment decision, as opposed to such factors as the types of buildings or the characteristics of households occupying the neighborhood. There are two major results: first, cities can reduce the rate of abandonment by initiating foreclosure as soon as buildings go into arrears on property tax payments (rather than allowing a grace period), and second, property taxes are an important and significant determinant of abandonment rates. The benefits and costs of a policy whereby cities would systematically reduce property taxes in blighted neighborhoods by lowering assessment levels are also explored.
Corporate consciousness: Defining the paradigm

The concept of corporate consciousness is defined and discussed. In response to Campion and Palmer (1996), it is asserted that corporate consciousness is not a construct related to conscientiousness or moral responsibility, but an entirely new paradigm, related to awareness and information processing; the concept is cognitive, not metaphysical. Corporate consciousness serves as a framework for understanding the current trend within organizations toward greater awareness of societal realities, and of the organization's impact within larger systems. This framework borrows heavily from the cognitive, social, and organizational psychological literature and can be understood from both micro and macro levels of analysis. Also discussed are the issues of why and how to study corporate consciousness, as well as implications for the organizational practitioner.
Hirschsprung disease in the offspring of mothers exposed to hyperthermia during pregnancy

Interview data for events of pregnancy on 40 infants with Hirschsprung disease showed a significant relationship to a history of hyperthermia in the mother in the first trimester, during the time of embryonic development and migration of ganglion cells along the intestine. In order to eliminate maternal recall bias, a control group consisted of 41 malformed infants with congenital limb deficiency. Hyperthermia may be one factor contributing to the cause of some cases of Hirschsprung disease.
CLearance of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in vivo. II. Studies using triclinic crystals doubly labeled with 45Ca and 85Sr

The clearance rate of isotopically labeled synthetic triclinic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals injection into rabbit joints was estimated by serial counting. Kinetic analysis using a four compartment model showed that half of the injected dose was cleared from 4 rabbit knee joints in 19.1 +/- 0.42 (SEM) days. Profound hypomagnesemia, produced in 2 rabbits with a low magnesium diet, did not affect the rate of crystal clearance detectably. Lavage of joints with solutions known to promote CPPD crystal solubility failed to remove detectable radioactivity. The previous finding of CPPD crystals in synovial phagocytes by electron microscopy, together with the finding of nuclide activity in the synovium and the failure to remove such activity by joint lavage, suggests that endocytosis by synovial cells is an important, effective mechanism controlling the synovial fluid concentration of crystals in patients with CPPD crystal deposition disease.
Photon-photon scattering, pion polarizability, and chiral symmetry.

Recent attempts to detect the pion polarizability via analysis of $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ measurements are examined. The connection between calculations based on dispersion relations and on chiral perturbation theory is established by matching the low-energy chiral amplitude with that given by a full dispersive treatment. Using the values for the polarizability required by chiral symmetry, predicted and experimental cross sections are shown to be in agreement.
On two arguments for subset inheritance

A physicalist holds, in part, that what properties are instantiated depends on what physical properties are instantiated; a physicalist thinks that mental properties, for example, are instantiated in virtue of the instantiation of physical “realizer” properties. One issue that arises in this context concerns the relationship between the “causal powers” of instances of physical properties and instances of dependent properties, properties that are instantiated in virtue of the instantiation of physical properties. After explaining the significance of this issue, I evaluate two core lines of thought that have been advanced in favor of Subset Inheritance, the view that instances of dependent properties typically have some, but not all, of the powers of physical realizers, and do not have any powers that are not also powers of physical realizers. The first argument that I address turns on our intuitive reactions to certain cases; the second appeals to the phenomenon of multiple realization. I argue that neither line of thought succeeds, and thus that insofar as we grant that an instance of a dependent property inherits some of the powers of its physical realizer, defenders of subset inheritance have not provided a compelling reason to think that it will not inherit all of the powers of its physical realizer.
Bacterial ecology of an old-growth douglas fir canopy

Microbial populations associated with the major substrates of the canopy of a single 70 m old-growth Douglas fir were studied to determine potential activities. Seasonal samples from bark, foliage, epiphytic moss, lichens, and litter accumulations were collected to: (a) obtain population data, (b) isolate the major groups of microorganisms present, (c) measure enzymatic activities associated with cellulose and xylan degradation, and (d) examine the potential for nitrogen fixation. We tested 562 bacterial isolates for utilization of 25 compounds associated with the canopy substrates, and for activities in nitrogen and sulfur cycle transformations. Total bacterial populations, reflecting seasonal temperature and moisture conditions, were lowest on bark and foliage [21–266×103 colony-forming units (CFU/g)] and highest on moss and lodged litter (19–610×105 CFU/g). Lichens contained intermediate numbers of bacteria (3.3–270×105 CFU/g). The majority of the bacteria were classified as species ofArthrobacter, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, andXanthomonas. Isolates ofAlcaligenes (Achromobacter), Aeromonas, Chromobacterium, Micrococcus, andPseudomonas were less common. No measurable rates of nitrogen fixation attributable to free-living bacteria were detected by acetylene reduction. Eleven species in six genera of lichens containing a blue-green algal phycobiont showed positive acetylene reduction. One species,Lobaria oregana, accounted for 51% of the total lichen biomass of the canopy. Cellulase and xylanase activity was routinely detected in moss and litter samples, and less frequently in lichens. There was a strong correlation between the two activities for moss (r=0.94) and litter (r=0.81).
Analysis of TF Insert Coil

The United States ITER Project Office (USIPO) is responsible for the design of the oroidal Field (TF) insert coil, which will allow validation of the performance of significant lengths of the conductors to be used in the full scale TF coils in relevant conditions of field, current density and mechanical strain. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) will build the TF insert which will be tested at the central solenoid model coil (CSMC) test facility at JAEA, Naka, Japan. Three dimensional mathematical model of TF insert was created based on the initial design geometry data, and included the following features: orthotropic material properties of superconductor material and insulation; external magnetic field from CSMC, temperature dependent properties of the materials; precompression and plastic deformation in lap joint. Major geometrical characteristics of the design were preserved including cable jacket and insulation shape, mandrel outline, and support clamps and spacers. The model is capable of performing coupled structural, thermal, and electromagnetic analysis using ANSYS. Numerical simulations were performed for room temperature conditions; cool down to 4 K, and the operating regime with 68 kA current at 11.8 Tesla background field. Numerical simulations led to the final design of the coil producing the required strain levels on the cable, while simultaneously satisfying the ITER magnet structural design criteria.
Leaching requirement for salinity control. II. Oat, tomato, and cauliflower

Abstract Leaching requirement, defined as the minimum leaching fraction that maintains full crop production, was determined in field plots at the U.S. Salinity Laboratory for three crops; oat, tomato, and cauliflower. Six replicated leaching-fraction treatments were pulse-irrigated daily with water having an electrical conductivity of 2.1 dS/m. All three crops were grown in rotation during 1977 and 1978 with a third tomato crop in 1979. The leaching requirement (Lr) was 0.10 for oat grain, 0.21 for tomato fruit, and 0.17 for cauliflower heads. For oat forage, the Lr was more than 0.17. These values agree closely with those predicted by a leaching-requirement model based on an exponential crop water-uptake pattern. Evapotranspiration during each crop's growing season coincident with the leaching requirement was 390, 850, and 230 mm for oat, tomato, and cauliflower, respectively.
Imaging of hereditary renal cancer.

Abstract Over the past 5 years there have been dramatic developments in the extent of knowledge of hereditary renal cancers. In addition to VHL, which is associated with clear cell carcinoma, one can now list HPRC (associated with type I papillary renal cancer) and HLRCC (associated with type II papillary renal cancer). BHD and FRO are associated with chromophobe carcinoma and oncocytomas, although other histologic tumor types have been found in BHD. Medullary carcinoma of the kidney is associated with sickle cell trait. Although the genes associated with these tumors have been discovered, the exact mechanisms by which they cause renal cancer remain to be elucidated. It is quite likely that other genes also are involved in this process. Using VHL as an example, research is now underway on targeting mutant pVHL or excess HIF for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Understanding the mechanisms leading to cancer may open new targets of opportunity for drug development. This improved knowledge of the biogenetic pathways used to form tumors will impact the development of new therapeutic techniques for treating renal cancers in hereditary and nonhereditary forms of the disease.
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty and nephropexy for ureteropelvic junction obstruction and nephroptosis

Abstract A 22-year-old female was referred with right flank pain and recurrent urinary infections. Flank pain was persistent while standing and relieved upon supine position. Intravenous urography demonstrated change of position with descent approximately 6–7 cm as the patient moved from the supine to the erect position. Diuretic renography corroborated the finding of right ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). A robotic-assisted laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with simultaneous nephropexy was performed. The proximal ureter appeared to course posterior to the renal vein and then anterior to the lower pole renal artery. There was a significant “nutcracker effect” to the proximal ureter, which was causing the patient's UPJO, and the concomitant nephroptosis contributed to increase the degree of obstruction. The robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty and nephropexy offer advantages for patients and surgeons and can be used in challenging cases with an efficacy similar to that of open repair. The...
Interaction of trip decisions and traffic systems dynamics

Abstract A major difficulty in the study of large-scale complex systems involving human decision-making with non-linear collective effects is that of obtaining pertinent data at the desired level of detail. A controlled experiment involving real commuters in a hypothetical computer simulated traffic system is described as an alternative approach of conducting observational studies to support the modelling of such complex dynamic interactive decision systems. An overview of the principal characteristics of the traffic system's evolution obtained in this experiment is presented. Also illustrated are the features of a proposed behavioral framework where users are viewed as boundedly rational seekers of a satisfactory choice outcome.
Epidemiology of necrotizing enterocolitis temporal clustering in two neonatology practices.

Objective To develop a statistical method for defining clusters of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) cases in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study design The study group included 2782 infants weighing 401 to 1500 g at birth born between 1996 and 2004. NEC was defined as Bell stage II or III. Two statistical methods were used to define “disease clusters”: a modified scan test and a comparison of observed and expected incidence density rates (IDRs) of NEC at each NICU. Results The proportion of infants with NEC was similar in the 2 NICUs (7.1% vs 7.7%; P = .6), as was the expected IDR of NEC (1.39/1000 patient-days vs 1.32/1000 patient-days; P = .72). Twelve temporal clusters of NEC were identified in the 2 NICUs, representing 18% of 203 total NEC cases during the study period. No seasonal/secular trends were noted for NEC rates or identified clusters. Potential NEC clusters of ≥3 cases at either NICU had a >75% likelihood of being a true NEC cluster. Conclusions No operational definition of NEC cluster exists. This study introduces methods to use in prospective surveillance and to guide studies investigating etiologic relevance. Using the proposed methods, statistically significant clusters (ie, potential outbreaks) of NEC within NICUs can be identified early, providing an opportunity for early implementation of cluster investigation protocols.
Differential regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and type II calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase messenger RNA expression in Alzheimer's disease

The relative levels of messenger RNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the a subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II were examined in hippocampal sections from Alzheimer's diseased and age matched non-diseased brains by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Consistent with previous reports in monkey and rodent, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II messenger RNA was prevalent throughout the dentate gyrus, all the principal hippocampal subfields, and adjacent cortical regions. A distribution consistent with the dendritic localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II was also observed. In contrast, brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA levels were much lower than calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II messenger RNA levels and were less widely distributed. Within the hippocampus of Alzheimer's diseased brains, levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II messenger RNA were increased and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA were decreased in comparison with matched controls. These changes were consistently seen in four out of six cases processed for both messenger RNA species and ranged from 150–300% relative to non-diseased brain tissue for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and 20–70% for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These results suggest that within the Alzheimer's hippocampus an altered program of gene expression is occurring leading to aberrant levels of both calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA. Previous studies of the activity-dependent regulation of these messenger RNA species suggest these results are consistent with a decrease in afferent activity within the Alzheimer's hippocampus.
Vapor-liquid equilibria of mixed-solvent electrolyte solutions: ion-size effects based on the MSA theory

Abstract Wu R.-S. and Lee L.L., 1992. Vapor-liquid equilibria of mixed-solvent electrolyte solutions: ion-size effects based on the MSA theory. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 78: 1-24. We present a new method for calculating the vapor-liquid equilibria of mixed-solvent electrolyte systems. We use the water-methahol-lithium chloride system as an example to demonstrate the approach. In this approach, a statistical mechanical theory, the mean spherical approximation (MSA), is used together with the Gibbs-Duhem relation of thermodynamics and Furter's linear volatility theory of solvation to form a complete theory of phase equilibria. The MSA theory gives the salt activity coefficients In γ±. The Gibbs-Duhem relation gives a relation between the activities of the solvent a, the cosolvent b and the salt s. A third equation that relates the relative affinity of the solvents for the salt completes the conditions needed for calculating the vapor-liquid equilibria of ternary systems. The MSA formulas are sensitive to ion-size variations: a requirement for modeling “salting-out” behavior. We have shown that up to 20% variations in in γ± could be caused by ion-size changes in some sample systems. We show that to achieve “complete” scale conversion for properties from the McMillan-Mayer scale to the Lewis-Randall scale, one must have a good theory of solvation. The solvent-ion and solvent-solvent correlations enter the conversion in a non-trivial way. The sample system water-methanol-LiCl can be predicted to within 0.01 in mole fractions and 5 mmHg in pressures over the concentration ranges 10–15 molal. This method introduces molecular theory into the formulation without postulating an excess free energy. It represents an alternative to the conventional excess free energy models.
Peter Marshall's sermon approach‐innovative or traditional?

The quality of Peter Marshall's pulpit oratory moved him quickly and steadily to the top of his profession. His success has stimulated inquiry concerning his rhetorical methods and resultant style. Was he an innovator and unique in his preaching as his wife implied in her books, or had his methods been discovered, taught, and practiced for many years before he employed them?
Globalized clinical trials and informed consent.

Some observers noted more than a decade ago that research was being conducted in developing countries without concern for adherence to the international ethical principles for human-subjects research. George Annas discusses the legal status of the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki.
Inhibitory effect of prolactin on ovulation in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary

Prolactin is best known for its effects on the breast, promoting mammary growth and lactation. In some species, including rat, mouse, hamster, sheep and rabbit, prolactin is necessary for the maintenance of the corpus luteum. Further, a relationship has been recognised between hyperpromus and or adenohypophysis. McNatty et al. have postulated a direct ovarian effect of prolactin, reporting that low prolactin levels were essential for progesterone production by preovulatory human granulosa cells cultured in vitro. However, high levels of prolactin decreased progesterone production. The present investigation sought to determine the effect of prolactin on ovulation using the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary preparation. We report that its effects are inhibitory.
Transplacental exposure to diethylstilbestrol in men

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was widely prescribed during the late 1940s and early 1950s for complications of pregnancy. Twenty-four men exposed to DES in utero were examined and compared with twenty-four age-matched controls; contrary to previous reports, we found no difference between the two groups in their psychosexual history, medical history, genital examination, or semen analysis.
Protecting patient privacy against unauthorized release of medical images in a group communication environment

In this paper, we identify and study an important patient privacy protection problem related to medical images. Following Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) mandate on privacy protection of patients' medical records, efforts have been devoted to guaranteeing the confidentiality of data and medical images during storage and transmission via an untrustworthy channel. However, to our knowledge, there has not been any effort towards protecting against unauthorized release of images by an authorized recipient. In this paper, we study the problem of tracing illegally distributed medical images in a group communication environment and identify a set of design requirements that must be met. We propose a fingerprint model suitable for many-to-many multicast, that is computationally efficient and scalable in user storage and key update communication. Simulation results also show that our scheme is highly robust to typical medical image processing and collusion attacks, while yielding high quality watermarked images.
Sodium Transport: Inhibitory Factor in Sweat of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

A factor inhibitory to sodium transport exists in the sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. When the duct system of the rat parotid was perfused with sweat from patients, marked inhibition of sodium reabsorption was observed. Perfusion with sweat from normal subjects caused no change in sodium reabsorption. The factor thus demonstrated may be responsible for the increased sodium concentrations in the sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis.
Explaining anomalous inferences regarding the expectations theory

This paper examines inferences from two traditional tests of Expectations Hypothesis of the Term Structure (EHTS) under various models of the data generating process of the short-term interest rate. It is found that inference from these tests can be different under different models and that some of the tests most likely to support EHTS are those that are the least powerful.
Programmable Self-Assembly, Disassembly, Transport, and Reconstruction of Ordered Planar Magnetic Micro-Constructs

We present a method to seamlessly self-assemble, disassemble, transport, and reconstruct ordered 2-D structures of fluid-borne microspheres on a surface using an array of magnetic zigzag wire traps. Competition between and control over: 1) the trapping forces of underlying magnetic patterns; 2) magnetic dipole repulsion; and 3) Brownian motion gives rise to reproducible cluster structures. Weak external magnetic fields $({ tune the spacing between particles and enable the assembled structures to be remotely manipulated and reassembled on the platform. This method could be used in biological and photonic applications by utilizing the microspheres, for example, as carriers of host biomolecules or as linkers to fluorescent emitters.
Stimulation of STN impairs aspects of cognitive control in PD

Objective: To test the hypothesis that subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in Parkinson disease (PD) patients affects working memory and response inhibition performance, particularly under conditions of high demand on cognitive control. Methods: To test this hypothesis, spatial working memory (spatial delayed response [SDR]) and response inhibition (Go–No–Go [GNG]) tasks requiring varying levels of cognitive control were administered to patients with PD with previously implanted bilateral STN stimulators (n = 24). Patients did not take PD medications overnight. Data were collected while bilateral stimulators were on and off, counterbalancing the order across subjects. Results: On the SDR task, STN stimulation decreased patients’ working memory performance under a high but not low memory load condition (effect of stimulator condition on high load only and condition × load interaction, p Conclusion: STN stimulation reduces working memory and response inhibition performance under conditions of greater challenge to cognitive control despite significant improvement of motor function.
Evidence for microRNA Involvement in Exercise-Associated Neutrophil Gene Expression Changes

Exercise leads to a rapid change in the profile of gene expression in circulating neutrophils. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to play important roles in immune function and often act to at...
Triflupromazine (vesprin) in anaesthesia: a clinical evaluation.

Tranquillizing drugs are of great interest to anaesthesiologists. The investigation of new compounds continues in the hope of finding even more satisfactory agents. The pharmacology of triflupromazine is briefly reviewed and also the clinical findings of other investigators. This report deals with the clinical findings after giving tiriflupromazine to 1,577 patients (postoperatively, 30; pre-anaesthetic-loca 655, general 725, spinal 167). Favourable effects including good psychic sedation without mental elouding; significant decrease in postoperative nausea and vomiting; moderate potentiation of narcotics; slight potentiation of barbiturates, minimal potentiation of anaesthetic agents; no respiratory depression or evidence of toxicity to the renal, hepatic or haemopoielic systems. Better sedation is attained by combination with small amounts of meperidine and/or pentobarbital Side-effects are minimal if dosage of all agents is chosen with care. Such combinations are considered very satisfactory prior to local analgesia. Though some hypotension was seen, its incidence and severity can be minimized by careful selection of dosage. Further investigation of this agent is considered desirable
Fabry-Perot Radial Velocity Spectrometer

A spectrometer constructed to search for extrasolar planets is connected to a telescope by a single optical fiber acting as an image scrambler. A nitrogen dioxide absorption cell is used as a wavelength standard. Either an intensified charge injection device (CID) or a pair of photomultipliers can be used as a detector.
Mass transport at rotating disk electrodes: Effects of synthetic particles and nerve endings

An unstirred layer (USL) exists at the interface of solids with solutions. Thus, the particles in brain tissue preparations possess a USL as well as at the surface of a rotating disk electrode (RDE) used to measure chemical fluxes. Time constraints for observing biological kinetics based on estimated thicknesses of USLs at the membrane surface in real samples of nerve endings were estimated. Liposomes, silica, and Sephadex were used separately to model the tissue preparation particles. Within a solution stirred by the RDE, both diffusion and hydrodynamic boundary layers are formed. It was observed that the number and size of particles decreased the following: the apparent diffusion coefficient excluding Sephadex, boundary layer thicknesses excluding silica, sensitivity excluding diluted liposomes (in agreement with results from other laboratories), limiting current potentially due to an increase in the path distance, and mixing time. They have no effect on the detection limit (6 ± 2 nM). The RDE kinetically resolves transmembrane transport with a timing of approximately 30 ms.
Curriculum-Based Measurement of Oral Reading: Multi-study evaluation of schedule, duration, and dataset quality on progress monitoring outcomes

Abstract Curriculum-Based Measurement of Oral Reading (CBM-R) is used to collect time series data, estimate the rate of student achievement, and evaluate program effectiveness. A series of 5 studies were carried out to evaluate the validity, reliability, precision, and diagnostic accuracy of progress monitoring across a variety of progress monitoring durations, schedules, and dataset quality conditions. A sixth study evaluated the relation between the various conditions of progress monitoring (duration, schedule, and dataset quality) and the precision of weekly growth estimates. Model parameters were derived from a large extant progress monitoring dataset of second-grade (n = 1517) and third-grade students (n = 1561) receiving supplemental reading intervention as part of a Tier II response-to-intervention program. A linear mixed effects regression model was used to simulate true and observed CBM-R progress monitoring data. The validity and reliability of growth estimates were evaluated with squared correlations between true and observed scores along with split-half reliabilities of observed scores. The precision of growth estimates were evaluated with root mean square error between true and observed estimates of growth. Finally, receiver operator curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and optimize decision thresholds. Results are interpreted to guide progress monitoring practices and inform future research.
Air Force Base-Host Community Relations: A Study in Community Typology

This paper presents a comparative typological analysis of ten communities where Air Force Bases were located. Data for the analysis were secured from questionnaires, field interviewers with local dominants, census data, and historical records. Utilizing pattern analysis, the ten communities were found to cluster into four "types." Materials from the interviews with local leaders and "top" base officers were analyzed, and distinctive types of interaction processes hetween the hase and its host community were revealed. Four types of interaction processes were identified for the ten communities. Thus, two typologies, one of the process and one based on structure were developed. In all cases the bases in any given structural type also fell into the same process type.
Nonlinear transformations of random processes

This paper provides a general method of calculating the mean-square bandwidth (and other spectral moments) of an arbitrary zero-memory nonlinear transformation of a stationary random process. The method is valid when the original process is an arbitrary combination of other random processes. It can be used to determine the mean-square bandwidth (or the spectral moments) of the transformed process either before or after that process is passed through a bandpass filter. Five examples of the application of this method are provided simplifying and generalizing known results, as well as providing new results.
Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque Morphology in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Unable to Make Ascorbic Acid

Background— Oxidative stress is thought to play an important role in atherogenesis, suggesting that antioxidants could prevent coronary artery disease. However, the efficacy of vitamin C in reducing atherosclerosis is debatable in humans and has not been tested rigorously in animals. Methods and Results— Gulo−/−Apoe−/− mice were used to test a hypothesis that chronic vitamin C deficiency enhances the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. These mice are dependent on dietary vitamin C because of the lack of L-gulonolactone-γ-oxidase and are prone to develop atherosclerosis because of lacking apolipoprotein E. Beginning at 6 weeks of age, the Gulo−/−Apoe−/− mice were fed regular chow or Western-type diets containing high fat and supplemented with either 0.033 g or 3.3 g/L of vitamin C in their drinking water. This regimen produced mice with chronically low vitamin C (average 1.5 μg/mL in plasma) or high vitamin C (average 10 to 30 μg/mL in plasma). Morphometric analysis showed that within each sex, ...
Automatic code generation from design patterns

Design patterns raise the abstraction level at which people design and communicate design of object-oriented software. However, the mechanics of implementing design patterns is left to the programmer. This paper describes the architecture and implementation of a tool that automates the implementation of design patterns. The user of the tool supplies application-specific information for a given pattern, from which the tool generates all the pattern-prescribed code automatically. The tool has a distributed architecture that lends itself to implementation with off-the-shelf components.
A STUDY OF DOMESTIC MEDIATION OUTCOMES WITH INDIGENT PARENTS

This research is a study of domestic mediation outcomes of a group of indigent clients served by a grant awarded to Family Development Services at Fort Hays State University by the Kansas Supreme Court Dispute Resolution Council. The period studied was September 1998 through December 1999. There was a total of 29 mediation cases included in the study. The results demonstrated that domestic mediation with indigent clients is equally as effective as domestic mediation with nonindigent clients. Several dependent variables were examined in respect to positive correlations with mediation outcomes.
Identification of a membrane receptor for retinol-binding protein functioning in the cellular uptake of retinol.

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the transport protein that carries retinol in the circulation from the liver to its target tissues. The existence of a cell-surface receptor on the target cells, which mediates the uptake of retinol from RBP, has been known since 1975. Recently, it was identified as an integral transmem-brane protein named STRA6 that is inducible by retinoic acid in certain cancer cells. The receptor was found to be highly specific for RBP, with high affinity, and to be localized in all tissues known to require retinol for their function, particularly the pigment epithelium of the eye.
Ofatumumab, a Novel Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies

The availability of safe and effective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has dramatically altered treatment strategies for B-cell malignancies. Rituximab, a type I chimeric anti-CD20 mAb, not only has activity against a broad range of CD20-positive B-cell malignancies but also, when combined with chemotherapy or other biologic agents, has improved response rates; in addition, in certain situations, progression-free survival and even overall survival may be prolonged. Recently, other anti-CD20 mAbs have been developed to improve on the activity achieved with rituximab or to demonstrate efficacy in patients whose diseases are resistant to rituximab. The most extensively studied of these is ofatumumab, a type I human antibody that binds to a different epitope of CD20 than rituximab. Preclinical data suggest improved complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity compared with rituximab. In early clinical trials, ofatumumab demonstrated single-agent activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and a number of histologies of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This antibody was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of CLL that is resistant to both fludarabine and alemtuzumab. Additional study is ongoing with ofatumumab in combination with chemotherapy and biologic agents to further enhance its efficacy. Ofatumumab offers another effective agent with which to improve the outcome of patients with B-cell malignancies.
How age similarity preference, uncertainty, and workplace challenges affect conflict:

In this article, we propose that age similarity preference (ASP) among employees increases workplace difficulties in an age-diverse environment. Individuals use social categorizations such as age groupings to help minimize uncertainty, cope with change, and deal with complexity. When placed in an age-diverse work environment, intergroup comparisons regarding age become more salient. We suggest that when a preference exists among employees to work and interact with those similar in age to themselves in an age-diverse workplace, this will lead to an increase in uncertainty, perceived workplace challenges, and subsequently conflict. Data were collected from 262 employees of an organization in the US Midwest to test our hypotheses. Using multiple mediation modeling, our results suggest that ASP influences the degree of conflict reported, and that uncertainty and perceived work-related challenges mediate the relationship between ASP and conflict. A post-hoc ANOVA analysis of our data also showed a significant ...
Cystoid macular edema associated with ocular hypotensive lipids.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report angiographically documented cystoid macula edema associated with the use of each of the three newly available ocular hypotensive lipids: unoprostone, travaprost, and bimatoprost. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Retrospective review of three patients in a clinical practice who had uncontrolled glaucoma on maximal tolerable therapy except for an ocular hypotensive lipids. All three patients also had previous cataract and filtration surgery, and all had an absent or open posterior lens capsule. The patients were informed of the potential risks of cystoid macula edema associated with the use of an ocular hypotensive lipids versus the risks of repeat filtration surgery. RESULTS: An ocular hypotensive lipids was started in the affected eye in each patient, and the patient was instructed to check visual acuity everyday and report back any change in vision occurred. CONCLUSION: Decreased vision of at least two lines caused by angiographically confirmed cystoid macula edema was noted in each of three patients started, respectively, on unoprostone, travaprost, and bimatoprost. The visual acuity returned to baseline, and the cystoid macula edema was angiographically resolved after discontinuation of the ocular hypotensive lipids and the initiation of a topical steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eyedrops. Until a causal relationship between cystoid macula edema and ocular hypotensive lipids is proved or disproved, caution in their use in high-risk eyes would be prudent.