cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two tests for multivariate normality based on the characteristic function

We present two tests for multivariate normality. The presented tests are based on the Levy characterization of the normal distribution and on the BHEP tests. The tests are affine invariant and consistent. We obtain the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistics using some results about generalized one-sample U-statistics, which are of independent interest.
The critical role of GRP78 in physiologic and pathologic stress

GRP78 is a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone as well as a master regulator of the unfolded protein response. In addition to playing an essential role in early embryonic development, recent studies have emerged specifically implicating GRP78 and chaperone integrity in the aging process and age-related diseases. Another exciting discovery is the regulation of GRP78 by insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways impacting cell proliferation and survival. Mouse models of cancer, in combination with cell culture studies, validate the critical role of GRP78 in tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis. Further, these studies demonstrate the ability of GRP78 to suppress oncogenic PI3K/AKT signaling. The discovery of cell surface GRP78, in cancer cells and cells undergoing ER stress, presents a novel therapeutic strategy.
Clinical evaluation of an all-in-one adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions with different degrees of dentin sclerosis.

Clinical Relevance Lower scores for marginal discoloration and adaptation were noted when an all-in-one self-etching adhesive was applied to non-carious cervical lesions and compared to a three-ste...
A prenatal diagnostic center's first-year experience with the California a-Fetoprotein Screening Program

The University of California Davis Medical Center has offered secondary and tertiary care to pregnant patients with abnormal maternal serum a-fetoprotein levels since the start of the California a-Fetoprotein Screening Program in April 1986. In our first year of involvement with this method of prenatal screening, 452 patients were referred to our center for further evaluation and follow-up of either high or low maternal serum a-fetoprotein levels, as determined by the standard multiple of the median adjusted for maternal weight, race, and presence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This article presents the first-year results of our clinical experience. Information is presented concerning medical complications, screening and diagnostic test results and their confirmation, clinical procedures performed, and postpartum follow-up reports. Findings of pregnancy outcomes associated with low and high a-fetoprotein levels are presented and discussed.
Culpability, Social Triage, and Structural Violence in the Aftermath of Katrina

Hurricane Katrina and its effects are often talked about in terms of what has been made visible, as if the hurricane swept through and stripped away our structural blinders along with the levees, revealing social disparities within. Here, we focus instead on whom and what Katrina and its aftermath have rendered invisible. We are concerned with how the seen and the not seen have influenced the ways the purported tabula rasa of New Orleans has been (re)constructed and marked since 2005. We engage with recent debates in political science about power, agency, structure, and culpability, arguing that efforts to prioritize the pursuit of culpability over critique in power analyses, such as the approach advocated by Steven Lukes, risk perpetuating structural violence. We employ the concepts of an ocular ethic and social triage to understand why the storm of the century that was supposed to reveal all has in the end left much concealed, with shocking levels of human devastation unaddressed. Only through careful excavation of the ruins can we begin to comprehend the sedimented inequality and layers of vulnerability that structure violence.
A Convenient Synthesis of Bis(phenythio)benzenes through Displacement of Halo and Nitro-substituents

Abstract Numerous methods appear in the literature for the synthesis of aryl sulfides from a variety of substrates. Procedures have been based on halobenzenes,2,4 activated halobenzenes,5–8 and most recently from dinitrobenzenes.9 We would now like to report the extension of these procedures to include symmetrically substituted Bis(phenylthio) benzenes through the displacement of halogens from dihalonitrobenzenes, as shown in Equation 1.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON SIZE CLASS DISTRIBUTIONS OF FOXTAIL PINE (PINUS BALFOURIANA, PINACEAE) IN THE KLAMATH MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA

ABSTRACT Variation in size class distributions along elevation gradients can indicate localized spatial expansion by tree populations inhabiting mountaintops. We searched for this pattern in northern foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana Grev. & Balf. ssp. balfouriana) stands located in the Klamath Mountains of northern California. Data from 32 belt-transects placed within 16 foxtail pine stands were used to test the hypothesis that this species is expanding downslope locally. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) illustrated that size class distributions could be grouped into four types: (1) those at low elevations on north and east aspects; (2) those at low elevations on south and west aspects; (3) those at high elevations on north and east aspects; (4) those at high elevations on south and west aspects. Low elevation transects had greater abundances of small trees, while high elevation transects had greater abundances of large trees. We interpreted this pattern as support for the hypothesis that foxtail p...
A cell-based sensor of fluid shear stress for microfluidics.

Microsystems designed for cell-based studies or applications inherently require fluid handling. Flows within such systems inevitably generate fluid shear stress (FSS) that may adversely affect cell health. Simple assays of cell viability, morphology or growth are typically reported to indicate any gross disturbances to cell physiology. However, no straightforward metric exists to specifically evaluate physiological implications of FSS within microfluidic devices, or among competing microfluidic technologies. This paper presents the first genetically encoded cell sensors that fluoresce in a quantitative fashion upon FSS pathway activation. We picked a widely used cell line (NIH3T3s) and created a transcriptional cell-sensor where fluorescence turns on when transcription of a relevant FSS-induced protein is initiated. Specifically, we chose Early Growth Factor-1 (a mechanosensitive protein) upregulation as the node for FSS detection. We verified our sensor pathway specificity and functionality by noting induced fluorescence in response to chemical induction of the FSS pathway, seen both through microscopy and flow cytometry. Importantly, we found our cell sensors to be inducible by a range of FSS intensities and durations, with a limit of detection of 2 dynes cm−2 when applied for 30 minutes. Additionally, our cell-sensors proved their versatility by showing induction sensitivity when made to flow through an inertial microfluidic device environment with typical flow conditions. We anticipate these cell sensors to have wide application in the microsystems community, allowing the device designer to engineer systems with acceptable FSS, and enabling the end-user to evaluate the impact of FSS upon their assay of interest.
Institutional design, military rule, and regime transition in Argentina (1976–1983): an extension of the remmer thesis

Abstract In this essay, I argue that institutions in military regimes have a significant impact not only on regime durability, but also on the level of control the military is likely to exert when it withdraws from rule. Borrowing from a typology of military regimes developed by Karen Remmer, I note how the feudal regime engenders a level of investment that drives it to remain in office despite the inability of this institutional arrangement to contain politicisation in the armed forces. The obstinacy of the feudal regime thus inevitably leads it toward collapse. The argument is tested with a detailed case study of the Proceso regime in Argentina.
Global existence of solutions to Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto cross-diffusion systems on domains of arbitrary dimensions

We consider a strongly coupled nonlinear parabolic system which arises in population dynamics in n-dimensional domains (n ≥ 1). Global existence of classical solutions under certain restrictions on the coefficients is established.
Characterization and Comparison of Mycobacterial Antigens by Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Abstract Cell extracts and culture filtrates were prepared from several mycobacterial species and subjected to two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cell preparations were first electrophoresed in a 7% homogeneous gel followed by a second electrophoresis, at right angles to the first separation, in a 2 to 30% linear gel gradient slab. Because the stained slab resembled a “fingerprint” or “peptide map,” this procedure has been called “electroprotein mapping.” More than 200 protein-staining spots were detected in several of the cell extracts, each map being characteristic of the species examined. The single most characteristic portion of each map was the region between the 16 and 30% gel concentrations. This region consisted of several small-molecular-weight components (many of peptide proportions) which together appeared as the most anodic band in the 7% gel column (first separation). The number and location of these components in the linear gel slab (second separation) were specific for each species tested. By electrophoresis of molecular-weight markers (i.e., albumin, myoglobin, cytochrome c) with and across (transverse electrophoresis) the gel gradient, the relative molecular weights of the unknown cell extract components could be estimated. These results suggest that two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis is a useful tool for the characterization of mycobacterial cell constituents.
Helpful web sites for food safety and older adults.

When it comes to Food Safety in the U.S. there is not just one government agency responsible for a safe food supply, the Food Drug Administration (FDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) play key roles. The links below are geared toward food safety guidance for older adults, who are particularly at risk. Source: Cates et al.
Rotation Invariant Kernels and Their Application to Shape Analysis

Shape analysis requires invariance under translation, scale, and rotation. Translation and scale invariance can be realized by normalizing shape vectors with respect to their mean and norm. This maps the shape feature vectors onto the surface of a hypersphere. After normalization, the shape vectors can be made rotational invariant by modeling the resulting data using complex scalar-rotation invariant distributions defined on the complex hypersphere, e.g., using the complex Bingham distribution. However, the use of these distributions is hampered by the difficulty in estimating their parameters and the nonlinear nature of their formulation. In the present paper, we show how a set of kernel functions that we refer to as rotation invariant kernels can be used to convert the original nonlinear problem into a linear one. As their name implies, these kernels are defined to provide the much needed rotation invariance property allowing one to bypass the difficulty of working with complex spherical distributions. The resulting approach provides an easy, fast mechanism for 2D & 3D shape analysis. Extensive validation using a variety of shape modeling and classification problems demonstrates the accuracy of this proposed approach.
Carbon Stocks and Sequestration Rates in Oak-Hickory Forests of Ohio, USA

Abstract: Carbon (C) stocks and sequestration rates were determined for oak-hickory forests in Ohio, USA. The models we developed show that the patterns of C sequestration rates follow what we expect in total and merchantable volume increment. The current annual increment (CAI) and the mean annual increment (MAI) peaks at ages 23 and 46 years, respectively, for total aboveground C. The peak CAI and MAI for the aboveground C peaks at ages 26 and 53 years, respectively. The 5-year periodic MAI for both total aboveground C and aboveground portion of merchantable trees occurs at age 30 years, occurring simultaneously with the 5-year periodic MAI for total and merchantable volume. Knowing that C sequestration occurs in similar patterns to volume growth is helpful in transitioning from traditional volume-based management to carbon-based management.
Autocrine tumor necrosis factor alpha links endoplasmic reticulum stress to the membrane death receptor pathway through IRE1α-mediated NF-κB activation and down-regulation of TRAF2 expression

NF-kappaB is critical for determining cellular sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli by regulating both mitochondrial and death receptor apoptotic pathways. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) emerges as a new apoptotic signaling initiator. However, the mechanism by which ER stress activates NF-kappaB and its role in regulation of ER stress-induced cell death are largely unclear. Here, we report that, in response to ER stress, IKK forms a complex with IRE1alpha through the adapter protein TRAF2. ER stress-induced NF-kappaB activation is impaired in IRE1alpha knockdown cells and IRE1alpha(-/-) MEFs. We found, however, that inhibiting NF-kappaB significantly decreased ER stress-induced cell death in a caspase-8-dependent manner. Gene expression analysis revealed that ER stress-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was IRE1alpha and NF-kappaB dependent. Blocking TNF receptor 1 signaling significantly inhibited ER stress-induced cell death. Further studies suggest that ER stress induces down-regulation of TRAF2 expression, which impairs TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and turns TNF-alpha from a weak to a powerful apoptosis inducer. Thus, ER stress induces two signals, namely TNF-alpha induction and TRAF2 down-regulation. They work in concert to amplify ER-initiated apoptotic signaling through the membrane death receptor.
Synthesis and characterization of highly ordered functional mesoporous silica thin films with positively chargeable -NH2 groups.

Highly ordered mesoporous organic–inorganic hybrid silica thin films with covalently bonded, positively chargeable –NH2 terminal groups were synthesized by evaporation induced self-assembly of tetraethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and a nonionic surfactant under acid conditions and characterized using TEM, GISAXS, FTIR, SAW-based N2 sorption, and TGA.
Estimation of genotype relative risks from pedigree data by retrospective likelihoods.

Pedigrees collected for linkage studies are a valuable resource that could be used to estimate genetic relative risks (RRs) for genetic variants recently discovered in case-control genome wide association studies. To estimate RRs from highly ascertained pedigrees, a pedigree "retrospective likelihood" can be used, which adjusts for ascertainment by conditioning on the phenotypes of pedigree members. We explore a variety of approaches to compute the retrospective likelihood, and illustrate a Newton-Raphson method that is computationally efficient particularly for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) modeled as log-additive effect of alleles on the RR. We also illustrate, by simulations, that a naive "composite likelihood" method that can lead to biased RR estimates, mainly by not conditioning on the ascertainment process-or as we propose-the disease status of all pedigree members. Applications of the retrospective likelihood to pedigrees collected for a prostate cancer linkage study and recently reported risk-SNPs illustrate the utility of our methods, with results showing that the RRs estimated from the highly ascertained pedigrees are consistent with odds ratios estimated in case-control studies. We also evaluate the potential impact of residual correlations of disease risk among family members due to shared unmeasured risk factors (genetic or environmental) by allowing for a random baseline risk parameter. When modeling only the affected family members in our data, there was little evidence for heterogeneity in baseline risks across families.
Neuroendocrine signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the endocervix

Signet ring cell morphology in mixed carcinoma of the uterine cervix is not uncommon. It is rare for such morphology to predominate, however, and there are no reported cases of a signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCA) of the endocervix with neuroendocrine differentiation. A 53-year-old woman presented with abnormal perimenopausal bleeding, and uterine curettings revealed a signet ring cell carcinoma. After clinical evaluation to eliminate a metastasis from an extra-uterine primary, the patient underwent surgical therapy and staging, and was treated with postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation. Pathologic evaluation found the tumor to arise from the endocervix and to be of predominant signet ring cell morphology. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor exhibited neuroendocrine differentiation and helped confirm its endocervical origin. The patient remains without evidence of disease 6 months after primary therapy. This is the first case report of endocervical SRCA with neuroendocrine differentiation (SRCA with features of carcinoid tumor). Discussion of this entity is provided.
New approaches to the assessment and treatment of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

The rarity and heterogeneity of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and the few validated assessment tools available, have limited information to guide the management of patients with polymyositis, dermatomyositis or inclusion body myositis. In light of the need for such tools, the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group (IMACS) was formed as a multidisciplinary consortium of rheumatologists, neurologists, dermatologists, physiatrists and other myositis experts to develop consensus and standards for the conduct and reporting of myositis studies, and to facilitate myositis research. IMACS has developed consensus core set measures of disease activity, disease damage and patient-reported outcomes, and compiled a preliminary definition of improvement. The IMACS tools assist in the evaluation of the extent of disease activity and damage, although other approaches--including key clinical features, laboratory tests, muscle T1 and short τ inversion recovery MRI and immunological markers--are also helpful. Clinical remission is a realistic objective for most patients and should be pursued aggressively to optimise outcomes. Physical therapy and rehabilitation should be applied early and consistently to achieve optimal strength and function. Treatments that have been developed for other immune-mediated diseases are also being used and tested in the IIM, and some have shown anecdotal evidence of benefit. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of myositis, development of assessments and treatments for other diseases that can be applied to myositis, and international collaborations and consensus standards for evaluating the IIM, all promise improvements in the assessment and treatment of myositis in the future.
Implementation of a quasi-realtime display of DIII-D neutral beam heating waveforms

The DIII-D neutral beam system employs eight 80 keV ion sources mounted on four beamlines to provide plasma heating to the DIII-D tokamak. The neutral beam system is capable of injecting over 20 MW of deuterium power with flexibility in terms of timing and modulation of the individual neutral beams. To maintain DIII-D's efficient tokamak shot cycle and make informed control decisions, it is important to be able to determine which beams fired, and exactly when, by the time the tokamak shot is over. Previously this information was available in centralized form only after a several minute wait. A cost-effective alternative to the traditional eight-channel storage oscilloscope has been implemented using off the shelf PC hardware and software. The system provides a real time display of injected neutral beam accelerator voltages and tokamak plasma current, as well as a summation waveform indicative of the total injected power act a function of time. The hardware consists of a Macintosh Centris 650 PC with a Motorola 68040 microprocessor running at 20 MHz. Data acquisition is accomplished using a National instrument's 16-channel analog to digital conversion board for the Macintosh. The color displays and functionality were developed using National Instruments' LabView environment. Because the price of PCs has been decreasing rapidly and their capabilities increasing, this system is far less expensive than an eight-channel storage oscilloscope. As a flexible combination of PC and software, the system also provides much more capability than a dedicated oscilloscope, acting as the neutral beam coordinator's logbook, recording comments and availability statistics. Data such as shot number and neutral beam parameters are obtained over the local network from other computers end added to the display. Waveforms are easily archived to disk for future recall. Details of the implementation will be discussed along with samples of the displays and a description of the system's function and capabilities.
Mechanosensitive Endothelial Gene Expression Profiles

: The possibility that hemodynamic forces can act as a “local risk factor” for endothelial dysfunction provides a conceptual framework for the long-standing observation that the earliest lesions of atherosclerosis develop in a nonrandom pattern, the geometries of which correlate with branch points and other regions of altered blood flow. This has led us to hypothesize that hemodynamic forces, in particular wall shear stresses generated by complex patterns of blood flow, can function as both positive and negative stimuli in atherogenesis via effects on endothelial cell gene expression. To understand how endothelial cells in different regions of the arterial tree acquire both functional and dysfunctional phenotypes due to regional hemodynamics, it was important to begin to delineate, in a comprehensive fashion, the mechanoresponsiveness of endothelial cells. To address this fundamental question, we undertook high-throughput transcriptional profiling to assess the global patterns of gene expression in cultured endothelial cells exposed to two defined biomechanical stimuli. Analyses of the transcriptional activity of thousands of genes have revealed unique patterns of gene expression associated with certain types of stimuli. These unique gene expression programs and their associated functional phenotypes constitute the strongest evidence to date that vascular endothelial cells can discriminate among different types of biomechanical stimuli. The results of these studies and the working hypotheses inspired by detailed molecular analyses of biomechanically activated vascular endothelium promise to provide new insights into the role of hemodynamics in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The Risk of Cancer in Patients With Psoriasis: A Population-Based Cohort Study in the Health Improvement Network

Importance The risk of cancer in patients with psoriasis remains a cause of special concern due to the chronic inflammatory nature of the disease, the use of immune-suppressive treatments and UV therapies, and the increased prevalence of comorbid, well-established risk factors for cancer, such as smoking and obesity, all of which may increase the risk of carcinogenesis. Objective To compare the overall risk of cancer, and specific cancers of interest, in patients with psoriasis compared with patients without psoriasis. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based cohort study of patients ages 18 to 89 years with no medical history of human immunodeficiency virus, cancer, organ transplants, or hereditary disease (albinism and xeroderma pigmentosum), prior to the start date, conducted using The Health Improvement Network, a primary care medical records database in the United Kingdom. The data analyzed had been collected prospectively from 2002 through January 2014. The analysis was completed in August 2015. Exposures of Interest Patients with at least 1 diagnostic code for psoriasis were classified as having moderate-to-severe disease if they had been prescribed psoralen, methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin, adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, or ustekinumab or phototherapy for psoriasis. Patients were classified as having mild disease if they never received treatment with any of these agents. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident cancer diagnosis. Results A total of 937 716 control group patients without psoriasis, matched on date and practice visit, and 198 366 patients with psoriasis (186 076 with mild psoriasis and 12 290 with moderate-to-severe disease) were included in the analysis. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% CIs for any incident cancer excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) were 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.09), 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.09), and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.96-1.22) in the overall, mild, and severe psoriasis group. The aHRs for incident lymphoma were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.18-1.51), 1.31 (95% CI, 1.15-1.49), and 1.89 (95% CI, 1.25-2.86); for NMSC, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.07-1.16), 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.13), and 1.61 (95% CI, 1.42-1.84); and for lung cancer, 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03-1.27), 1.12 (95% CI, 1.01-1.25), and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.16-2.28) in the overall, mild, and severe psoriasis groups, respectively. No significant association was seen with cancer of the breast, colon, prostate, or leukemia. Conclusions and Relevance The association between psoriasis and cancer, albeit small, was present in our cohort of patients with psoriasis. This association was primarily driven by NMSC, lymphoma, and lung cancer.
Beyond the Adaptationist Legacy: Updating Our Teaching to Include a Diversity of Evolutionary Mechanisms

Abstract A paradigm shift away from viewing evolution primarily in terms of adaptation — the “adaptationist programme” of Gould and Lewontin — began in evolutionary research more than 35 years ago, but that shift has yet to occur within evolutionary education research or within teaching standards. We review three instruments that can help education researchers and educators undertake this paradigm shift. The instruments assess how biology undergraduates understand three evolutionary processes other than natural selection: genetic drift, dominance relationships among allelic pairs, and evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). Testing with these instruments reveals that students often explain a diversity of evolutionary mechanisms incorrectly by invoking misconceptions about natural selection. We propose that increasing the emphasis on teaching evolutionary processes other than natural selection could result in a better understanding of natural selection and a better understanding of all evolutionary ...
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF H-1 VIRUS. I. PH AND HEAT STABILITY OF THE HEMAGGLUTINATING PROPERTY.

SummaryThe hemagglutinating property of H-l virus is stable from pH 2 to pH 11 at 4°, 25°, and 37°C. With increasing temperature, loss of titer gradually occurs, particularly at the extremes of the pH ranges. Hemagglutinating activity is still detectable after treatment at 80°C at pH 5 and pH 6.
Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Instability in a Real Gas with Two-Dimensional Surface Roughness

Experimental and numerical results have shown that two-dimensional surface roughness can stabilize a hypersonic boundary layer dominated by second-mode instability. It is sought to understand how this physical phenomenon extends from an airflow under a perfect gas assumption to that of a real gas. To these ends, a new high-order shock-fitting method that includes thermochemical nonequilibrium and a cut-cell method to handle complex geometries unsuitable for structured body-fitted grids is presented. The new method is designed specifically for direct numerical simulation of hypersonic boundarylayer transition in a hypersonic real-gas flow with arbitrary shaped surface roughness. The new method is validated and shown to perform comparably to a high-order method with a body-fitted grid. For a Mach 10 flow over a flat plate with a real-gas model, a two-dimensional roughness element was found to stabilize the second mode when placed downstream of the synchronization location which is consistent with previous research for perfect-gas flows. For a Mach 15 flow over a flat plate, a two-dimensional surface roughness element stabilizes the second-mode instability more effectively in a real gas than in a perfect gas.
The Effects of High and Low Dose Hydrogen Ion Implantations on Al/n-Si Schottky Diodes

Hydrogen ion implantation was performed on Al/n-Si Schottky diodes at doses ranging from 1014 H cm2 to 1016 H cm-2. The effects of ion bombardment and subsequent heat treatments on the diodes were studied using the current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and deep level transient spectroscopy techniques. To explore the stability of hydrogen in silicon, the 1H(15Nα,γ)12C nuclear resonance reaction was used. The different effects observed in the low and high dose implantation will be presented.
${m}$ -Inductive Property of Sequential Circuits

This paper introduces ${m}$ -inductiveness over a set of nodes ${S}$ in sequential circuits. The ${m}$ -inductive property can be used for equivalence-checking or improved sequential optimization. It allows the behavior of many next state functions (not in ${S}$ ) to be changed while maintaining correctness at the primary outputs of a circuit. As such, it creates flexibility that can be used for sequential optimization. It is shown that the number of nodes in ${S}$ is reduced as m , the parameter for the inductiveness, increases. We provide an algorithm for finding a minimal set ${S}$ , as well as one for using ${m}$ -inductiveness in optimization. We give examples of such optimized circuits and show that ${m}$ -inductive-based optimization can result in significant area reduction when applied to industrial designs.
Metabolism of acyclic and cyclic N-nitrosamines by cultured human colon.

SummaryCultured human colon mucosa was found to metabolize both acyclic and cyclic N-nitrosamines as measured by 14C-CO2 formation and reaction of the activated moieties with cellular macromolecules. Dimethylnitrosamine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine were metabolized by explants from all patients studied. A positive correlation between binding of dimethylnitrosamine to DNA and CO2-formation was observed. DMN alkylated DNA in both O-6 and N-7 position of guanine. However, most of the radioactivity was associated with an acid labile compound. High binding levels of N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine to protein without concomitant binding to DNA were detected. Inter-individual variation in both binding level to DNA and ability to metabolize the different N-nitrosamines was observed.We would like to thank Drs. U. Saffiotti, G. Stoner, and T. Bowden for valuable comments, Ms. R. Schwartz for technical assistance, and Mrs. M. Bellman for secretarial assistance.
The Assessment of Sexual Perversion

The clinical manifestation of sexually perverse behavior is extraordinarily diverse in its severity and form. The clinician may be confronted with a continuum of perversion or perverselike behaviors, ranging from relatively minor and transient fantasy-laden material to dangerous sexual acting out of a paraphiliac disorder. Cases in which sexual perversion may surface as a problem are seen in a whole host of different settings, treatment contexts, and referral networks. At one end of the spectrum, sexually perverse experiences may be disclosed in the course of ongoing psychoanalytic psychotherapy, perhaps even after several years of treatment. It is probably the case that most patients who undergo traditional psychotherapy and eventually reveal sexually perverse difficulties or experiences, originally came to treatment for a variety of nonsexual problems, eg, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and interpersonal difficulties. At the other end of the spectrum are convicted sex offenders, referred by criminal justice agencies, such as probation or parole. These convicted sex offenders often deny, minimize, and attempt to deceive the clinician about their involvement in unlawful sexuality.
Cytoskeletal Interactions in the Neuron

Plakins are a growing family of giant-sized cytoskeletal binding proteins that cross-link cytoskeletal elements to each other and to specialized sites at the plasma membrane. They were originally identified as intermediate filament binding proteins important for maintaining epithelial tissue integrity. The discovery of new plakin genes and alternative splice isoforms has now made it clear that plakins can associate with multiple cytoskeletal filaments. These newly identified proteins are expressed in a wide array of tissues, notably neural tissues. Elucidating the function of these proteins will provide insight into dynamic cellular processes that require the cooperative activity of multiple cytoskeletal elements.
The Predictors and Forecast Skill of Northern Hemisphere Teleconnection Patterns for Lead Times of 3–4 Weeks

AbstractThe Pacific–North American pattern (PNA), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Arctic Oscillation (AO) are three dominant teleconnection patterns known to strongly affect December–February surface weather in the Northern Hemisphere. A partial least squares regression (PLSR) method is adopted in this study to generate wintertime two-week statistical forecasts of these three teleconnection pattern indices for lead times of up to five weeks over the 1980–2013 period. The PLSR approach generates forecasts for the teleconnection pattern indices by maximizing the variance explained by predictor indices determined as linear combinations of predictor fields, which include gridded outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), 300-hPa geopotential height (Z300), and 50-hPa geopotential height (Z50). Overall, the PLSR models yield statistically significant skill at all lead times up to five weeks. In particular, cross-validated correlations between the combined weeks 3–4 PLSR forecasts and verification for the PNA, NA...
Teleconsultation: Application to Provision of Consultation Services for School Consultants

In this article, we provide critical information on previous research and offer recommendations for establishing and implementing teleconsultation services within a school setting. Specifically, we...
Vagueness, Ambiguity, and the “Sound” of Meaning

Ambiguity and vagueness are clearly very distinct properties, but the nature of the distinction deserves some careful analysis. This chapter considers three obvious possibilities: (a) that ambiguity and vagueness are simply distinct properties as are for instance being blue and being square; (b) that they are not only distinct properties, but are furthermore mutually incompatible properties, as are for instance being square and being round; (c) that they are still more profoundly distinct properties in that they pertain to ontologically distinct categories of arguments, as are for instance being prime and being dead. The full answer turns out to be more complicated than any single one of these three possibilities. But to see this we must take seriously the fact that words can be spoken and heard (and understood) in accord with phonological rules. I will describe some conceptual issues about language that this fact raises but that have unfortunately been overlooked by philosophers.
A Novel Noninvasive Ultrasound Vibro-elastography Technique for Assessing Patients With Erectile Dysfunction and Peyronie Disease

Objective To translate a novel ultrasound vibro-elastography (UVE) technique for noninvasively measuring viscoelasticity of the penis. Methods A pilot study of UVE was performed in men with erectile dysfunction or Peyronie disease. Assessments were performed in triplicate on the lateral aspect of the penis (bilaterally) at 100, 150, and 200 Hz before and after erectogenic injection administration. Viscoelasticity of the corpora was also calculated and compared before and after injection and against measures of erectile function, including the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Domain, and the total erectogenic medication volume required for achieving a firm erection. Results Significant increases in viscoelasticity were found after erectogenic injection, validating the ability of UVE to measure dynamic changes with erections. Baseline measures also significantly correlated with the volume of erectogenic medication required to achieve an erection (100 Hz, parameter estimate [PE] 2.21, P Conclusion This first report of the use of elastography with erectile function in humans demonstrates significant associations with responsiveness to erectogenic injection medications. These data have significant potential implications for broader clinical practice and merit further study and validation.
Glucose Isomerase Cells Entrapped in Cellulose Acetates

Entrapment of whole cells containing glucose isomerase in primary and secondary cellulose acetates was investigated. These enzyme-acetate complexes were formed into fibers and membranes to the extent of one gram of whole cells entrapped in two grams of acetate. With fibers measuring about 250 × 500 microns in cross section the rate of diffusion of substrate into the fiber limits the activity of the resulting cell-acetate complex to the extent of 17% of the original cell activity. On the other hand, with membranes measuring 10 – 20 microns thick the activity was as high as 57% of the original cell activity. However, cells leaked from these membranes. The leakage of cells from other membranes was reduced to about 5% by varying the solvent system. Permeability was also affected by the solvent system used.
Criteria for Diagnosis and Classification of Melanoma

The overwhelming majority of melanomas begin as intraepidermal or intraepithelial proliferations, which may or may not have some relationship to a melanocytic nevus (9–37) (Fig. 1A,B). Estimates of the frequency of melanomas developing in continuity with a nevus of any kind vary widely; approximately a third of melanomas have nevus remnants (38–40). The duration of this intraepidermal phase ranges from months to many years, during which these proliferative lesions show progressive degrees of architectural and cytologic atypicality (41).
Locally Truncated Diagram Geometries

Roughly speaking, a locally truncated diagram geometry is a geometry over J whose residues behave as if the the geometry were a truncation to type J of a larger ambient geometry with diagram D over I . There are such geometries which in fact are not truncations of the indicated ambient geometry. This chapter gives an account of the Ronan/Bouwer–Cohen theory which gives conditions under which the ambient geometry seeming to give rise to the truncated version actually exists. To get things going, the truncated rank must be at least four. The treatment follows the sheaf-theoretic version of this theory, but with assumptions that residues are truncated buildings replaced by more modest “rigidity” conditions, and more general choices for D. The sheaf produces a chamber system over I which is often covered by a building via the “local approach theorem.”
Operational Impacts of Protected-Permitted Right-Turn Phasing and Pavement Markings on Bicyclist Performance during Conflicts with Right-Turning Vehicles:

Conflict between bicycles and right-turning vehicles on the approach to signalized intersections is a critical safety concern. To understand the operational implications of protected-permitted righ...
Actuator and sensor placement in linear advection PDE with building system application

Abstract We study the problem of actuator and sensor placement in a linear advection partial differential equation (PDE). The problem is motivated by its application to actuator and sensor placement in building systems for the control and detection of a scalar quantity such as temperature and contaminants. We propose a gramian based approach to the problem of actuator and sensor placement. The special structure of the advection PDE is exploited to provide an explicit formula for the controllability and observability gramian in the form of a multiplication operator. The explicit formula for the gramian, as a function of actuator and sensor location, is used to provide test criteria for the suitability of a given sensor and actuator location. Furthermore, the solution obtained using gramian based criteria is interpreted in terms of the flow of the advective vector field. In particular, the almost everywhere stability property of the advective vector field is shown to play a crucial role in deciding the location of actuators and sensors. Simulation results are performed to support the main results of this paper.
Ecological Restoration or Healing?: Conflicting Ontologies and Missed Opportunities in Public Debates Surrounding Mississippi River Gorge Restoration

This article describes an instance of public debate about the proposed dam and lock removals along the Upper Mississippi River Gorge in Minnesota, showing ways that environmental controversy plays ...
Dr. Gil I. Wolfe Neuromuscular Disease Update: What’s of Note from 2019-2020?: Neuromuscular Update 2019-20

As I have constructed these in recent years, this review runs “In reverse” from skeletal muscle retrograde to the motor neuron. All studies were published in 2019 or 2020, and within one year of preparation of this bulleted syllabus. I focus mainly on management issues but there is a bit of pathogenesis mixed in. I hope the review provides a framework for some of the advances in our field in the last year.
East Asia Institutionalises: China, Japan and the Vogue for Free Trade

In the past decade East Asia has taken steps to increase regional integration. This paper examines the vogue for Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) currently raging in China and Japan. After mapping the regional links that knit East Asia together during the 1990s and 2000s, the focus then shifts to the specific trade agreements that China and Japan have signed. Both countries exhibit a particular FTA “style;” Japan has adopted a more orthodox and comprehensive approach to its treaties, while China has shown greater flexibility and gradualism when dealing with FTA partners. It is still unclear whether these efforts will lead to a region-wide FTA, or a continued crisscrossing of bilateral arrangements. In either case, China's eagerness to adapt to partner country expectations likely gives it an edge in becoming the regional hub of East Asia.
Demonstratives as bundlers of conceptual structure

Pronoun resolution has long been central to psycholinguistics, but research has mostly focused on personal pronouns (“he”/“she”). However, much of linguistic reference is to events and objects, in English often using demonstrative pronouns, like “that”, and the non-personal pronoun “it”, respectively. Very little is known about potential form-specific preferences of non-personal and demonstrative pronouns and the cognitive mechanisms involved in reference using demonstratives. We present a novel analysis arguing that the bare demonstrative “that” serves a different function by bundling, and making linguistically accessible, complex conceptual structures, while the non-personal pronoun “it” has a form-specific preference to refer to noun phrases mentioned in the previous discourse. In two English self-paced reading studies, each replicated once with slight variations, we show that readers are reading the demonstrative slower throughout, independently of frequency or complexity of the referent, as a reflection of differences in processing demonstratives vs. pronouns. These findings contribute to two distinct but connected research areas: First, they are compatible with an emergent experimental literature showing that pronominal reference to events is preferably done with demonstratives. Second, our model of demonstratives as conceptual bundlers provides a unified framework for future research on demonstratives as operators on the interface between language and broader cognition.
Cold spray particle impact simulation using the Preston-Tonks-Wallace plasticity model

Abstract In the Cold Spray process, solid powder particles are heated and accelerated to approximately 800 m/s by injecting them into a pressurized gas stream that is expanded through a converging-diverging nozzle. The high velocity particles impact a substrate and undergo severe plastic deformation at very high strain rates. The impact generates a bond between the particles and the substrate, or on particles already deposited on the substrate. The process parameters for each material system are developed experimentally. The most common method of predicting particle deformation was to use a constitutive equation such as the Johnson-Cook material model that is a curve fit of measured high strain rate properties. However, the constant for these types of models have to be determined experimentally for each material of interest and this model does not incorporate important impact events such as rebound of the particle. To better predict particle deformation and to reduce the need for experimental data, a thermodynamics based material model developed by Preston et al. was implemented through a user developed subroutine in finite element analysis. The model was used to predict the deformation of single particles at different impact velocities. The model showed excellent agreement with experimental single particle impact data provided by other universities. No adjustment to the material parameters was required. The development of the model will be explained and model results for deformation will be presented.
A Machine Learning-Enabled Pipeline for Large-Scale Virtual Drug Screening

Abstract Virtual screening is receiving renewed attention in drug discovery, but progress is hampered by challenges on two fronts: handling the ever increasing sizes of libraries of drug-like compounds, and separating true positives from false positives. Here we developed a machine learning-enabled pipeline for large-scale virtual screening that promises breakthroughs on both fronts. By clustering compounds according to molecular properties and limited docking against a drug target, the full library was trimmed by 10-fold; the remaining compounds were then screened individually by docking; and finally a dense neural network was trained to classify the hits into true and false positives. As illustration, we screened for inhibitors against RPN11, the deubiquitinase subunit of the proteasome and a drug target for breast cancer. TOC Graphic