cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Hunters’ Trust and Cooperation

North American wildlife is treated as a public trust resource (PTR), managed for the benefit of all people by government. Wildlife managers historically used restrictive regulations and enforced co...
A Comparison of Wisc-R and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Classifications of Developmentally Disabled Children.

WISC-Rs and Stanford-Binets were administered to 50 children with developmental disabilities referred for comprehensive evaluations. Although the two IQs correlated highly and significantly, it was found that 54% of the children received different classifications using the two instruments. Thus, testers should be aware that different classifications of intellectual level may be derived for the same child depending upon which test is used.
Interactive Digital Image Processing

It may strike some readers as an oversight that the image display and manipulation systems treated in this issue do not include the ones that set the standards for the industry. In fact, the omission was intentional: most of those systems have already been well covered in the literature. Our primary interest here was to explore those new systems which have yet to see the light of day and which are setting industry standards for the future.
A study of absolute and convective instabilities with an application to the Eady model

Abstract The formalism for linear absolute and convective instabilities developed in plasma physics (Briggs, 1964; Bers, 1973) is extended. The conclusion is that any order saddle point as well as any singular point of a frequency as a function of a wavenumber Ω(k) may contribute to instability. Moreover, contributions may come from k-independent branches of the dispersion relation and from regular nonsaddle points of Ω(k). Accordingly, a variety of algebraic-exponential asymptotic behaviors, in particular, purely algebraic growths and sinusoidal oscillations, of a disturbance is possible. In shear flows and stratified flows instability may also be caused by the singularities associated with critical layers. It is shown that in such flows the asymptotic pattern of a growing disturbance may vary in the direction of the shear and/or stratification. Such variability of pattern may be present only in the presence of instabilities related to the interactions between critical layers and incident amplifying wave...
A Linear Allocation of Spending‐Power System:A Consumer Demand and Portfolio Model*

In the applied literature the household's consumption and portfolio decisions have tended to be viewed separately. This thesis is an initial attempt to remedy this. The household's demand for both commodities and assets, at a reasonably low level of aggregation, is integrated by using a tightly specified utility maximizing model. Utility is a function of both the flow of commodities consumed and the stock of assets held. The consumer demand literature is used as a starting point. The solution to the household's maximum problem generates an allocation system, which is a complete set of demand equations for all commodities and all assets. Two allocation systems are estimated using quarterly Australian data. Wealth, price and interest rate elasticities of demand for each commodity and each asset are reported.
Chest Wall Movements Prior to Phonation

Movements of the chest wall during the interval between an acoustic stimulus and the subject’s vocal response were examined and timed in eight normal males. The reaction-time interval was divisible...
Comparison of impedance at the microelectrode-saline and microelectrode-culture medium interface

The impedance characteristics of gold-plated indium-tin-oxide microelectrodes immersed in culture medium (MEM) are described and compared with the impedance characteristics observed when those microelectrodes are immersed in isotonic saline. For microelectrode areas of approximately 100 mu m/sup 2/, applied voltage levels of 5, 50 and 100 mV, and for frequencies of from 100 Hz to 10 kHz the resistance, capacitance, capacitive reactance, and total impedance are given as a function of frequency both in culture medium and in saline. The results, which hold for current densities ranging from 0.45 to 700 pA/ mu /sup 2/, are compared. Also given are the alpha and K values determining the frequency characteristics of the interface resistance and capacitance in medium and in saline. >
Variation in Adult Populations of the Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and Feeding Injury Among Clones of Red Maple

Leaf flush phenology of red maple, Acer rubrum L., changes in the number of potato leafhopper adults, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and feeding injury were recorded for 2 yr for 5 different maple clones. Migratory adults started arriving between late April and early May. More insects were collected from clone 56026 than from the other 4 clones during this time. Populations peaked during 31 May-14 June. During that peak, more insects were collected from clones 60068, 56026, and 59904 than from clones 55410 and 57775. Leafhopper numbers declined thereafter. Leaf flushing (i.e., leaf growth initiation, expansion, and development) differed among clones during April. Clone 55410 was the 1st clone to show signs of leaf flushing. The order of leaf flushing from early to late was 55410 with more leaves than 57775, both followed by 59904, which in turn had more leaves than 60068 or 56026. Leaf flushing of clone 56026 occurred late in the spring. Clone 56026 suffered the most feeding injury during the growing seasons and clone 57775 showed the least feeding injury. During spring, the cumulative number of leafhoppers collected on traps was negatively correlated with the amount of leaf flushing and positively correlated with the amount of foliage injury. That is, trees with more unexpanded and young leaves had more leafhoppers and, thus, showed more feeding injury. Late in the season, the amount of feeding injury was positively correlated with the cumulative number of insects caught on traps. Early in the season, amount of feeding injury was, in part, influenced by the degree of leaf flushing. However, other tree factors appear to influence degree of feeding later in the season.
Apparatus for Obtaining Ruminoreticular Samples and the Effect of Sampling Location on pH and Volatile Fatty Acids

Abstract An apparatus for obtaining nonaerated fluid samples from the ruminoreticulum via a ruminal fistula and simultaneous measurement of pH is described. The apparatus was used to determine the effect of sampling location in the ruminoreticulum on pH and the concentration and ratio of volatile fatty acids (VFA). The data obtained indicate that ruminal pH and VFA concentration varied with location, but the ratio of VFA was not affected.
A comparison of numerical solutions of the advective equation

Second- and third-order finite-difference methods recently applied to problems in high-speed fluid flow are applied to the model advection equation cast in conservative form. The differencing methods considered use forward time differencing with both centered and preferential space differences employed in the predictor-corrector sequences. The free parameter required for stability in the third-order method is adjusted to cause the solution to be either minimum dispersive or minimum dissipative in nature. Results indicate that the third-order method using minimum dispersion is the most accurate method tested. Computer time requirements are approximately twice those needed for second-order techniques.
PUBLIC CHOICE IN TRANSIT ORGANIZATION AND FINANCE: THE STRUCTURE OF SUPPORT

The nature of support for public transit spending and organizational structure in a heavily automobile-dependent region is explored thorough structural equation modeling based on survey data from 500 randomly selected households in southeast Michigan. Alternative factors underlying support for transit taxation are tested, including congestion relief, environmental conservation, social service provision, perceived future need, and general attitude toward government spending. The study finds a surprisingly strong endorsement of transit as a necessary social service and concludes that in automobile-dependent areas, transit's primary task when appealing for locally generated financing is to demonstrate its success in serving as the bottom-line guarantor of mobility for the young, elderly, disabled, unemployed, and poor.
Good diabetic control - a study in mass delusion.

The terms “diabetic control” and “diabetic management” are not synonymous. Diabetic control implies normal glucose metabolism, typically monitored by periodic determinations of plasma glucose and urine reducing sugar concentrations. A group of 220 diabetic children attending a camp complied 74% of the time with the request to collect and test their urine for URS. Fifty percent of random URS values determined by the children varied from those obtained on the same specimens of urine by laboratory technicians. Good diabetic control defined as URS
Calcium-containing granules in myoepithelial cells of the polychaete syllis spongiphila: Possible ionic modulators

Abstract Myoepithelial cells of the polychaete Syllis spongiphila have a central core containing abundant membrane-bound granules. Examination of isolated and in situ granules using radioactive labelling, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicated that the granules contain high levels of Ca and P, and take up free Ca ions with a time course of 15–30 min. The granules appear to contribute to the dynamic calcium metabolism of the myoepithelial cells.
A Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Based Controlled Drug Delivery Device

Thermoresponsive hydrogels exhibit the unique property of volume change as a function of change in temperature as they transition between hydrophilic and hydrophobic states. These hydrogels can be loaded with drug/protein and serve as reservoirs for drug/protein delivery applications. A hydrogel based device for controlled drug delivery is designed with a number of subsystems that are interfaced with LabVIEW for development of a functional device. The device was designed using analytical and finite element analysis procedures and fabricated. In this manuscript, the device design will be reviewed and discussed. A parametric study was performed to examine the device operation and performance as function of hydrogel heating/cooling temperature profiles. Subsequently, the device was employed in a series of experiments to examine the delivery of a protein as a function of thermal stimuli. The matrix used in this study was poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and the drug delivery nanoparticles carriers were poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide (PNIPAM) with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) around 40°C. The protein of choice was bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results of this study illustrate that the development of a multi-drug or therapeutic delivery device is possible and that individual drugs can be delivered on demand using a closed loop control system.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
A tool for writing and debugging algebraic specifications

Despite their benefits, programmers rarely use formal specifications, because they are difficult to write and they require an up front investment in time. To address these issues, we present a tool that helps programmers write and debug algebraic specifications. Given an algebraic specification, our tool instantiates a prototype that can be used just like any regular Java class. The tool can also modify an existing application to use the prototype generated by the interpreter instead of a hand-coded implementation. The tool improves the usability of algebraic specifications in the following ways: (i) A programmer can run an algebraic specification to study its behavior. The tool reports in which way a specification is incomplete for a client application. (ii) The tool can check whether a specification and a hand-coded implementation behave the same for a particular run of a client application. (iii) A prototype can be used when a hand-coded implementation is not yet available. Two case studies demonstrate how to use the tool.
An efficient algorithm for characteristic tracking on two-dimensional triangular meshes

Tracking characteristics on unstructured meshes is an important part of many numerical methods in computational fluid mechanics. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for characteristic tracking on two-dimensional unstructured triangular meshes. Numerical experiments, including an example for applying this algorithm with the Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (ELLAM) to solve a convection-dominated convection-diffusion problem, are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of this algorithm.
Finding disjoint paths on directed acyclic graphs

Given k + 1 pairs of vertices (s1,s2),(u1,v1),...,(uk,vk) of a directed acyclic graph, we show that a modified version of a data structure of Suurballe and Tarjan can output, for each pair (ul,vl) with 1 ≤ l≤ k, a tuple (s1,t1,s2,t2) with {t1,t2} = {ul,vl} in constant time such that there are two disjoint paths p1, from s1 to t1, and p2, from s2 to t2, if such a tuple exists. Disjoint can mean vertex- as well as edge-disjoint. As an application we show that the presented data structure can be used to improve the previous best known running time O(mn) for the so called 2-disjoint paths problem on directed acyclic graphs to O(m(log2+m/nn) + nlog3n). In this problem, given a tuple (s1,s2,t1,t2) of four vertices, we want to construct two disjoint paths p1, from s1 to t1, and p2, from s2 to t2, if such paths exist.
Tropical cyclone-tornado casualties

Landfalling tropical cyclones often produce tornadoes. This study investigates how hazardous these tornadoes are to human life by analyzing the resultant casualties, which includes fatalities and injuries. From 1995 to 2009, 63 tropical cyclones made landfall in the United States producing a reported 1,139 tornadoes. Most tornadoes resulted in no casualties but a few extreme cases indicate that the potential exists for a substantial number of casualties. Temporal and spatial analyses indicate that most casualties occur when and where the physical risk of tornadoes is elevated.
PhotoOCR: Reading Text in Uncontrolled Conditions

We describe Photo OCR, a system for text extraction from images. Our particular focus is reliable text extraction from smartphone imagery, with the goal of text recognition as a user input modality similar to speech recognition. Commercially available OCR performs poorly on this task. Recent progress in machine learning has substantially improved isolated character classification, we build on this progress by demonstrating a complete OCR system using these techniques. We also incorporate modern data center-scale distributed language modelling. Our approach is capable of recognizing text in a variety of challenging imaging conditions where traditional OCR systems fail, notably in the presence of substantial blur, low resolution, low contrast, high image noise and other distortions. It also operates with low latency, mean processing time is 600 ms per image. We evaluate our system on public benchmark datasets for text extraction and outperform all previously reported results, more than halving the error rate on multiple benchmarks. The system is currently in use in many applications at Google, and is available as a user input modality in Google Translate for Android.
The room-temperature stabilization of bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-ene and bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-1-ene

Retardation through incarceration: The highly strained anti-Bredt bridgehead olefin bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-ene (1) is remarkably stable at 60 °C, if generated photochemically inside the hemicarcerand 2. The surrounding host not only prevents the dimerization of 1, but also retards strongly its intramolecular retro-Diels–Alder reaction by several orders of magnitude.
Field-extended field-effect transistors in 0.25-eV bandgap HgCdTe

A novel FET structure for use with 0.25-eV bandgap HgCdTe is described. The device, known as the field-extended field-effect transistor (FEFET), incorporates additional electrodes to control the surface electric field at the perimeter of the metallurgical diodes comprising the source and the drain of the transistor. Surrounding the metallurgical diodes with field-induced inversion regions improves the FEFET avalanche breakdown and subthreshold leakage characteristics as compared to standard MISFETs fabricated in HgCdTe. The FEFET is particularly attractive for switching applications or other uses requiring a high drain-to-source bias and a gate bias near the threshold potential. >
On the Modeling of Elastic Contact between Rough Surfaces

The contact force and the real contact area between rough surfaces are important in the prediction of friction, wear, adhesion, and electrical and thermal contact resistance. Over the last four decades various mathematical models have been developed. Built on very different assumptions and underlying mathematical frameworks, model agreement or effectiveness has never been thoroughly investigated. This work uses several measured profiles of real surfaces having vastly different roughness characteristics to predict contact areas and forces from various elastic contact models and contrast them to a deterministic fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based contact model. The latter is considered “exact” because surfaces are analyzed as they are measured, accounting for all peaks and valleys without compromise. Though measurement uncertainties and resolution issues prevail, the same surfaces are kept constant (i.e., are identical) for all models considered. Nonetheless, the effect of the data resolution of measured sur...
Digestion of poultry manure by Musca domestica.

Synopsis Larvae of the house fly (Musca domestica) grew and developed normally in fresh poultry manure where the proper environmental conditions were maintained. A temperature of 27 °C and a moisture content ranging from 60 to 75% in fresh poultry manure was determined to be optimum for larval development. A moisture content of 80% or greater created anaerobic problems for larvae. Optimum production of house fly pupae was obtained by inoculating 0.50 to 0.75 g of fly eggs per kg of fresh poultry manure. Five to eleven days were required for the eggs to be converted to pupae depending on the environmental conditions. After digestion, the poultry manure, was reduced to about half and was granular in texture. The digested residue readily dried, had less odour and contained approximately 15% protein.
Certification of Accountants in Georgia

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union each of the former Soviet republics has started the process of moving away from central planning and toward a market economy. Part of that process involves private sector institution building. One private sector institution that has generally experienced a degree of success and popularity is nongovernmental accounting associations. One task of such institutions is to provide certification for accountants and auditors. This paper provides a brief overview of private sector accounting certification in Georgia.
Evaluation of a movie theater advertisement campaign to promote behaviors that prevent spread of aquatic invasive species.

One of the primary causes of the spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) is boaters and anglers who move between bodies of water. Engaging with recreational boaters and anglers to encourage preventative behaviors is crucial for managing the spread of AIS. The use of cinema advertising for disseminating pro-environmental messages is a relatively novel and understudied outreach strategy. To explore this approach, an AIS-related public service announcement was placed in the preshow advertising at a movie theater in north central Wisconsin. Movie patrons were surveyed as they left the theater to determine demographic, AIS awareness, advertising exposure, and recall information. The results of this study suggest movie theater advertising is a potentially efficacious medium for pro-environmental outreach efforts.
Acute Pulmonary Embolectomy A Contemporary Approach

Background— Acute pulmonary embolism confers a high mortality rate despite advances in diagnosis and therapy. Thrombolysis is often effective but has a high frequency of major bleeding complications, especially intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, we liberalized our criteria for acute pulmonary embolectomy and considered operating on patients with anatomically extensive pulmonary embolism and concomitant moderate to severe right ventricular dysfunction despite preserved systemic arterial pressure. Methods and Results— We report 29 (17 men and 12 women) consecutive patients who underwent embolectomy from October 1999 through October 2001. Twenty-six patients (89%) survived surgery and were alive more than 1 month postoperatively. Median follow-up is 10 months. Conclusion— The high survival rate of 89% can be attributed to improved surgical technique, rapid diagnosis and triage, and careful patient selection. We hope that other tertiary centers will evaluate pulmonary embolism patients with an algorithm that...
Recognition-induced forgetting is not due to category-based set size

What are the consequences of accessing a visual long-term memory representation? Previous work has shown that accessing a long-term memory representation via retrieval improves memory for the targeted item and hurts memory for related items, a phenomenon called retrieval-induced forgetting. Recently we found a similar forgetting phenomenon with recognition of visual objects. Recognition-induced forgetting occurs when practice recognizing an object during a two-alternative forced-choice task, from a group of objects learned at the same time, leads to worse memory for objects from that group that were not practiced. An alternative explanation of this effect is that category-based set size is inducing forgetting, not recognition practice as claimed by some researchers. This alternative explanation is possible because during recognition practice subjects make old-new judgments in a two-alternative forced-choice task, and are thus exposed to more objects from practiced categories, potentially inducing forgetting due to set-size. Herein I pitted the category-based set size hypothesis against the recognition-induced forgetting hypothesis. To this end, I parametrically manipulated the amount of practice objects received in the recognition-induced forgetting paradigm. If forgetting is due to category-based set size, then the magnitude of forgetting of related objects will increase as the number of practice trials increases. If forgetting is recognition induced, the set size of exemplars from any given category should not be predictive of memory for practiced objects. Consistent with this latter hypothesis, additional practice systematically improved memory for practiced objects, but did not systematically affect forgetting of related objects. These results firmly establish that recognition practice induces forgetting of related memories. Future directions and important real-world applications of using recognition to access our visual memories of previously encountered objects are discussed.
Pharmacological control of the synthesis and metabolism of cyclic nucleotides.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pharmacological control of the synthesis and metabolism of cyclic nucleotides. A cyclic nucleotide mediates the epinephrine-induced activation of liver phosphorylase. Adenosine 3'3'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and other cyclic nucleotides have been demonstrated not only to mediate the effects of most hormones and neurotransmitters but also to be involved in scores of biochemical and physiological events. The evidence that cyclic nucleotides influence the function of normal cells suggests that any abnormal alteration in the concentration of these compounds may be responsible for abnormal cell function that is, a diseased state. Indeed, several lines of investigation indicate that cyclic nucleotides may be involved in a variety of clinical conditions ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease to mental illness. Cyclic AMP and the enzymes responsible for its biosynthesis and degradation are present in all tissues at all stages of their development. However, the rate at which these enzymes develop varies with the tissue and species. Moreover, the rate at which the hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase system develops does not necessarily coincide with the development of the basal or fluoride-stimulatable enzyme.
Online and Offline Advocacy for American Hijabis: Organizational and Organic Tactical Configurations

This paper outlines the divergent tactics of two groups of American Muslim collective actors, which are conceptualized in terms of organizational and organic, in addressing the issue of hijab and discrimination in the workplace. The organizational form, represented by the Council for American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), uses highly publicized awareness campaigns to promote civil rights, while the organic form, represented by the hijabi fashion community, tends to opt out of drawing attention to the discrimination that is commonplace in their dealings with other Americans. The term organic is employed to demarcate the differences between structured grassroots and nonhierarchal collective action carried out through the Internet. A qualitative content analysis of seven hijabi fashion blogs is conducted to cull thematic continuities among these bloggers and their commentators in regard to a few well-publicized campaigns against hijab discrimination launched by CAIR and other discussions of discrimination in workplace. The paper argues that the tactics of the organic form of collective action develop discursively through discussions on these websites about how hijabis can navigate various situations, grounded in a shared sense of identity and context. These tactics are customized for experiences of hijabis “on the ground” as opposed to the organizational tactics, which model the successes of other civil rights organizations. The paper concludes by suggesting that the organizational tactics might be more effective, in the context of the continued expansion of Islamophobia in the American culture, if American foreign policy and mainstream media did not continue to promote the connection between Islam and extremism.
Cerebral Spinal Fluid Fistula (Rhinorrhea)

The etiologies of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas are numerous ; for example, prolonged intracranial pressure with thinning of the cribiform plate, invading extracranial neoplasm with erosion of the base of the skull, chronic paranasal sinus infection, defects in the base of the skull after removal of meningo-encephalocele of the roof of the nasal cavity, stereo-tactic trans-sphenoidal approach to the sella turcica, etc.; but, the most common cause is trauma.
A Two-Metal-Ion-Mediated Conformational Switching Pathway for HDV Ribozyme Activation.

RNA enzymes serve as a potentially powerful platform from which to design catalysts and engineer new biotechnology. A fundamental understanding of these systems provides insight to guide design. The hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (HDVr) is a small, self-cleaving RNA motif widely distributed in nature, which has served as a paradigm for understanding the basic principles of RNA catalysis. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding the precise roles of divalent metal ions and key nucleotides in catalysis. In an effort to establish a reaction mechanism model consistent with available experimental data, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to explore different conformations and metal ion binding modes along the HDVr reaction path. Building upon recent crystallographic data, our results provide a dynamic model of the HDVr reaction mechanism involving a conformational switch between multiple noncanonical G25:U20 base pair conformations in the active site. These local nucleobase dynamics play an important rol...
Painting detail

Surface painting is a technique that allows a user to paint a texture directly onto a surface, usually with a texture atlas: a 1:1 mapping between the surface and its texture image. Many good automatic texture atlas generation methods exist that evenly distribute texture samples across a surface based on its area and/or curvature, and some are even sensitive to the frequency spectrum of the input texture. However, during the surface painting process, the texture can change non-uniformly and unpredictably and even the atlases are static and can thus fail to reproduce sections of finely painted detail such as surface illustration.We present a new texture atlas algorithm that distributes initial texture samples evenly according to surface area and texture frequency, and, more importantly, maintains this distribution as the texture signal changes during the surface painting process. The running time is further accelerated with a novel GPU implementation of the surface painting process. The redistribution of samples is transparent to the user, resulting in a surface painting system of seemingly unlimited resolution. The atlas construction is local, making it fast enough to run interactively on models containing over 100K faces.
Communications: Comments on: Management, Administration and Organization—and their Comparison

A letter is presented in response to the paper “Management, Administration and Organization and Their Comparison,” by J. Boddewyn.
AGE DETERMINATION IN THE SPOTTED SKUNK

Five indices of age in the spotted skunk were studied. Lens weight is the measurement most useful in distinguishing between juveniles, subadults, and adults. Obliteration of cranial sutures is the next best index in specimens less than 10 to 11 months old. Observations of ankylosis of the epiphysis to the diaph- ysis of long bones are useful only in separating animals less then 8 months of age from older animals. Placental scars, and weight and shape of the baculum also are useful provided the investigator is aware of the biological factors that influence these structures. A study of reproduction in the spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) required determination of age of each specimen. Van Gelder (1959:242) described six age groups of spotted skunks, based primarily upon degree of fusion and obliteration of cranial sutures, tooth wear, and development of the sagittal crest. Since Van Gelder did not attempt to correlate the majority of his age groups with the actual age of the animal it became necessary to study this problem in greater detail. This paper reports upon five indices of age which are applicable to this species and the extent to which each is reliable. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 313 specimens representing three subspecies obtained from trappers in Wash- ington, Oregon, South Dakota, Iowa, and from an animal dealer in Florida were examined. Only 18 specimens included in this study were kept in captivity and of these only four were born in the laboratory and thus represent known-age animals. Five indices of age (weight of lens and baculum, obliteration of cranial sutures, ankylosis of the epiphysis to the diaphysis of long bones, and presence or absence of placental scars) were studied. Lenses removed from eyes fixed in 10% formaldehyde or AFA were oven dried until no further loss of weight occurred and weighed on a Roller Smith torsion balance. Bacula were removed from the carcasses, carefully cleaned by scraping with a scalpel, oven dried, and weighed on a torsion balance. Some skeletal material was cleaned by dermestid beetles; however, most carcasses obtained from trappers were in 10% formaldehyde and were therefore cleaned by boiling in an aqueous solution of ammonia. The uteri of all females were fixed in 10% formaldehyde or AFA, dehydrated in a graded series of ethyl alcohol and cleared in methyl salicylate. After this treatment placental scars could be readily discerned. Any animal believed to be six months old or less was arbitrarily classified as juvenile; those considered to be 7-12 months old were classed as subadults; all animals judged to be older than 1 year were considered adults. Since litters of S. p. latifrons are born between mid-April and May and those of S. p. interrupta are born in late May and June (Mead, 1966; Crabb, 1944), 1 May and 1 June have arbitrarily been chosen as the re- spective birth dates of the western (latifrons) and eastern (interrupta, ambarvalis) sub- species studied. These dates have been used to approximate the ages in months of the specimens examined once the approximate age class had been determined. RESULTS
Sustainability Processes among Naturally Occurring Retirement Community Supportive Service Programs

ABSTRACTSustainability remains a concern for community models to better support older adults’ aging in place in their own homes and communities. Based on qualitative data from leaders of 53 Naturally Occurring Retirement Community (NORC) Supportive Service Programs, which is among the most prominent community practice models in aging, we aimed to develop an empirically-grounded framework on sustainability processes. Results indicated that programs use funding, staff members, interorganizational partnerships, and volunteers to offer services to attract older adults, and that older adults’ participation, in turn, is perceived as influencing the accrual of additional resources. Across themes, respondents discussed the importance of being responsive to the community and facilitating consumer participation.
Heteroepitaxy of distorted rutile-structure WO2 and NbO2 thin films

We present an experimental study on the epitaxy and orientational relationships of WO2 and NbO2 films on (0001) Al2O3, (111) MgAl2O4, and (111) MgO substrates, as well as WO2 on (111) SrTiO3. The higher symmetry of the substrate planes compared to the film planes leads to the formation of epitaxial structural variants, and they are related by the surface rotational symmetry elements of the substrates. WO2 and NbO2 crystallize in distorted versions of the rutile structure, and we discuss our findings in context of the rutile unit cell. Our results are applicable to other compounds that occur in (distorted) rutile structures. For the case of NbO2 thin films, we also demonstrate that they can be grown epitaxially on (1012) and (1010) Al2O3, lower symmetry surfaces; in these cases, surface symmetry does not induce the formation of epitaxial rotational variants, though domains related by glide symmetry are possible.
Teenage Citizens: The Political Theories of the Young

greater access to the lives of individuals of the same gender or race and ethnicity, Fader strives to provide insight into young males in a context that sounds vastly different from her own standpoint. It is the reflexivity of sharing her personal story and comparing it with the young men that develops this researcher distance into a strength. The conversation moves into the important direction of outlining how the white social world compares to the lives of these young black men and how life chances are altered by the color line from an early age. Fader’s book has an important story to tell because it should be acknowledged that someone who lives and works in these white spaces can often play a larger role initiating a discussion for policy change and suggestions for improvement. Change requires people on the other side of the ‘‘hidden Philadelphia’’ to understand why reform schools alone cannot produce lower levels of recidivism. The critique of ‘‘criminal thinking errors’’ is powerful as well as outlining the broad array of challenges these young men encounter when reintegrating into the community. The stories of the 15 youth who contributed to this project, especially the voices of ‘‘Sincere’’ and ‘‘James,’’ allow readers to grapple with important issues that require a much-needed continued dialogue. For these reasons, I believe Fader’s book provides an important addition to the literature.
FETAL AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY IMPROVES LIKELIHOOD OF BIVENTRICULAR OUTCOME IN LIVE BORN INFANTS

Fetal aortic valvuloplasty (FAV) is performed to avert progression to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and promote a biventricular (BiV) outcome. However, it is not yet known if FAV results in increased rates of BiV outcome. Between 2000 and 2015, 123 patients underwent attempted FAV. We
International Migration: A Challenge for Humanity:

Session 289l of the Salzburg Seminar, chaired by Michael S. Teitelbaum, could scarcely have been more timely. We met as Kurdish refugees massed on remote mountainsides along the Turkish-Iraqi frontier; as Western and central European countries braced themselves for a massive influx from the East; and as migration patterns in the Middle East were radically trans? formed by the Soviet Jewish immigration to Israel and the dislocations of the Gulf War. Rather than summarize the individual lectures, discussions, workshops, and informal sessions, this report will focus on a few salient themes and concerns that kept resurfacing in our discussions: growing global migratory pressures; state responses to these pressures; and the dynamics of east-west migrations.
OPTIMAL EIGHTH-ORDER STEFFENSEN TYPE METHODS FOR NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

In this paper, we present a family of three-step eighth-order Steffensen type methods for solving nonlinear equations by using weight function methods. Numerical experiments show that these methods require less time to converge than the other optimal methods.
The Study of Immune Condition in Children Patients with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Objective Analyze immune indications changes in initial episode of children's Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura(ITP),Evaluate immune condition,estimate prognosis and guide target immuno- therapy.Methods Prospectively collected children's ITP in Beijing Children's Hospital in Jan.～Oct. 2005,recorded the pre-history,immune indications,result of early-period therapy and long-oeriod disease condition.Results There were 109 cases all,the major changes of immune indications were the increasing of CD 3~-/CD 19~+%,CD 3~+/CD 8~+% and PAIgG,decreasing the ratio of CD 4~+:CD8~+.①104 cases had the good result after early period therapy,among them 24 cases changes to chronic ITP,no significant differ- ent in immune indications and the change of chronic ITP between these two groups;so the result during early period may not indicate the immune condition in children;②There were 80 cases had pre-history,among them,15 cases changed to chronic ITP,significant different in the ratio of CD4~+:CD8~+ and PAIgM,als- ochanging to Chronic ITP,so whether with the pre-history maybe the indication of transient or chronic disease immune condition;③After 6months,total 26 cases were Chronic ITP,significant different in CD 3~+/CD 8~+% increasing and the decreasing of ratio of CD4/CD8,so these two immune indications maybe indicate the chronic and lasting abnormal immune condition.Conclusion①There are two abnormal immune conditions in children's ITP,one is transient,another is lasting/chronic condition,the result of early period therapy is useless for preview.②The pre-history of ITP may indicate the transient condition,no pre-history,increasing of CD3~+/CD8~+% and decreasing of ratio of CD 4~+/CD8~+ maybe indicate the chronic course in the future.
Effect of EB virus on infectious mononucleosis in children effects of immune function

Objective To explore effect of immune function of children with EB virus infectious mononucleosis(IM). Methods From Sep. 2011 to Jun. 2013, a total of 62 cases of children with IM were analyzed retrospectively. The proportion of T-lymphocyte subsets,B-lymphocytesand and NK cells in EBV-DNA group with positive and negative were compared. Results The numbers of IM EBV-DNA-negative cases were 18(29.03%),the numbers of IM EBV-DNA-positive cases were 44(70.97%), the averages of EBV-DNA in positive group is 6.1× 103/ mL. CD3+,CD8+cell ratios in IM children are significantly higher than control group(P 0.01), CD4+,CD19+cell ratios are significantly lower than control group(P 0.01), NK cells are not significantly different(P0.05). In the IM children, CD4+, CD19+cells in DNA-positive group are significantly less than DNA-negative group(P 0.01), CD8+cells are higher than DNA-negative group(P 0.05), NK cells are not significantly different(P 0.05). Conclusions Positive blood EBV-DNA is closely related to changes in T-lymphocyte and Blymphocyte, but isn′t obviously related in NK cells. So effect of EB virus in IM child have certain clinical values to judge the severity and prognosis.
Cold Temperature Growth of Clinical and Food Isolates of Bacillus cereus

A collection of 27 Bacillus cereus food and clinical isolates were screened for the ability to grow at cold temperatures. Growth was examined using fluid or solid nutrient media or milk incubated at 10, 7, or 5°C. Fourteen isolates were capable of visible colony formation on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar by day 7 at 10°C; two isolates formed visible colonies by day 10 at 7°C on Trypticase soy agar. Nineteen of the isolates could grow in BHI at 7°C if previously adapted to 7°C over a five-week period. Both food and clinical isolates demonstrated a cold adaptation response. This should be considered when modeling B. cereus growth in foods or in assessing shelf life or safety relative to B. cereus.
Patterns of Internet Use by Pregnant Women, and Reliability of Pregnancy-Related Searches

Objective To assess patterns of e-health use in pregnancy in an underserved racially diverse inner-city population, and to assess the accuracy of pregnancy-related information obtained from the Internet. Methods A cross sectional study of 503 pregnant/postpartum women belonging to an underserved racially diverse inner-city population who completed a survey regarding e-health use. To assess accuracy, four independent expert-reviewers rated the first 10 webpages on Google searches for each of five questions based upon those in ACOG bulletins. Results 70.8 % of pregnant/postpartum women belonging to an underserved racially diverse inner-city population were e-health users. E-health users were younger (mean age 29.4 vs. 31.2, P = 0.009), more likely to be nulliparous (50.3 vs. 21.3 %, P < 0.001), have English as their primary language (62.3 vs. 49.1 %, P = 0.014) and have a college/graduate education (78 vs. 26.6 %, P < 0.001). While 60 % of these women said e-health influenced decision making, only 71.3 % of them discussed their searches with their provider. Expert reviewers determined that the online information was fairly accurate (mean score: +1.48 to +4.33 on a scale of -5 to +5) but not uniformly accurate, and there was at least one webpage with inaccurate information for every question. Conclusions for practice Pregnant women frequently use e-health resources but do not routinely share their findings with their providers. Most, but not all, information obtained is accurate. Therefore it is important for providers to discuss their patients' use, and help to guide them to reliable information.
Code-division-multiplexed readout of large arrays of TES microcalorimeters

Code-division multiplexing (CDM) offers a path to reading out large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeters with excellent energy and timing resolution. We demonstrate the readout of X-ray TESs with a 32-channel flux-summed code-division multiplexing circuit based on superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifiers. The best detector has energy resolution of 2.28 ± 0.12 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV and the array has mean energy resolution of 2.77 ± 0.02 eV over 30 working sensors. The readout channels are sampled sequentially at 160 ns/row, for an effective sampling rate of 5.12 μs/channel. The SQUID amplifiers have a measured flux noise of 0.17 μΦ0/√Hz (non-multiplexed, referred to the first stage SQUID). The multiplexed noise level and signal slew rate are sufficient to allow readout of more than 40 pixels per column, making CDM compatible with requirements outlined for future space missions. Additionally, because the modulated data from the 32 SQUID readout channels provide i...
Accumulation of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate in rat cerebral cortical slices. Stimulatory effect of alpha and beta adrenergic agents after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, 2,3,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine, and dihydroxytryptamines.

The effects of norepinephrine, isoproterenol, serotonin, adenosine, veratridine, alpha and beta adrenergic antagonists, and combinations of these agents on the accumulation of cyclic [ 14 C]AMP in cerebral cortical slices labeled during incubation with [ 14 C]adenine has been ascertained with tissue obtained from control rats and from rats treated with intraventricular 2,4,3-trihydroxyphenethylamine (6-hydroxydopamine), 2,3,5-trihydroxyphenethylamine, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine increased the accumulation of cyclic [ 14 C]AMP elicited by norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and a combination of adenosine and norepinephrine. The responses to adenosine and veratridine were virtually unaffected. Both alpha and beta adrenergic receptor-mediated increases in cyclic 39,59-AMP accumulation appeared to be potentiated by treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. 2,3,5-Trihydroxyphenethylamine, although much more toxic than 6-hydroxydopamine, also enhanced the accumulation of cyclic [ 14 C]AMP elicited by norepinephrine and isoproterenol. The dihydroxytryptamines caused no significant changes in cyclic [ 14 C]AMP accumulation. The extent of accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited by a catecholamine in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as papaverine or isobutylmethylxanthine, was also significantly higher in slices from 6-hydroxydopamine-treated animals. Selective destruction of noradrenergic terminals in the cerebral cortex by trihydroxyphenethylamines thus appears to enhance the maximal accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited in slices by norepinephrine, primarily through mechanisms involving an increased rate of cyclic AMP formation from intracellular ATP rather than through a decrease in the rate of degradation of the cyclic nucleotide.
Incorporating advanced power electronic concepts with hands-on emphasis in a low-cost power engineering curriculum

The contents of a advanced power electronic course have been developed for a power engineering curriculum that is evolving despite of having limited resources. These course contents can be segmented and inserted into junior, senior, and graduate level courses to benefit students. Some of the techniques involve hands-on teaching using project-based approach. Some of the project outputs will be presented in this paper. Even though the currently available resources do not allow administering new courses this approach will help students learn advanced topics practiced in power industries and taught in resource-rich academic institutes.