cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlations Between Physician and Hospital Stroke Thrombectomy Volumes and Outcomes: A Nationwide Analysis

Background and purpose Despite the Joint Commission's certification requirement of ≥15 stroke thrombectomy (ST) cases per center and proceduralist annually, the relationship between ST case volumes and outcomes is uncertain. We sought to determine whether a proceduralist or hospital volume threshold exists that is associated with better outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries. Methods Retrospective cohort study using validated International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify admissions with acute ischemic stroke and treatment with ST. We used de-identified, national 100% inpatient Medicare data sets from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017 for US individuals aged ≥65 years. We calculated total procedures by proceduralist and hospital. We performed adjusted logistic regression of total cases as a predictor of inpatient mortality, good outcome (defined by dichotomized discharge disposition of inpatient rehabilitation or better), and 30-day readmission. We adjusted for sex, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, availability of neurocritical care, teaching hospital status, socioeconomic status, 2-year stroke volume, and urban versus rural hospital location. We dichotomized case numbers incrementally to determine a volume threshold for better outcomes. Results Thirteen thousand three hundred thirty-five patients were treated with ST by 2754 proceduralists at 641 hospitals. For every 10 more proceduralist cases, patients had 4% lower adjusted odds of inpatient mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.95-0.98], P Conclusions Nationally, higher proceduralist and hospital ST case volumes were associated with reduced inpatient mortality and better outcome. These data support volume requirements in guidelines for ST training and certification.
Multiwire Phase Encoding: A Signaling Strategy for High-Bandwidth, Low-Power Data Movement

This article presents multiwire phase encoding (MWPE), a transition signaling technique aimed at chip-to-chip communication on silicon interposer technology, where multiple, relatively low-bandwidth transmission lines can be easily routed between high-performance dies. The encoding exploits timing correlation between transitions on multiple band-limited wires to achieve high ensemble bandwidth, potentially exceeding that of parallel conventionally encoded NRZ links. The unambiguous encoding enables instantaneous bit synchronization, resulting in low-power, low-latency, PLL-/DLL-free on-chip data movement. Theoretical and practical bandwidths achievable by phase-encoded links are evaluated as a function of channel properties. Link timing, driver, and receiver circuits are implemented to evaluate the link performance and power costs associated with moving MWPE data. The Hspice simulation-based estimates indicate that a 2-mm-long MWPE link can achieve 126-Gb/s bandwidth on a lossy, dispersive transmission line medium, with an energy cost of 0.24 pJ/bit in 22-nm FDX technology.
Modeling protein structures from predicted contacts with modern molecular dynamics potentials: accuracy, sensitivity, and refinement

Protein structure prediction has become increasingly popular and successful in recent years. An essential step for fragment-free, template-free methods is the generation of a final three-dimensional protein model from a set of predicted amino acid contacts that are often described by interresidue pairwise atomic distances. Here we explore the use of modern, open-source molecular dynamics (MD) engines, which have been continually developed over the last three decades with all-atom Hamiltonians to model biomolecular structure and dynamics, to generate accurate protein structures starting from a set of inferred pairwise distances. Additionally, the ability of MD empirical physical potentials to correct inaccuracies in the predicted geometries is tested. We rigorously characterize the effect of modeling parameters on results, the effect of different amounts of error in the predicted distances on the final structures, and test the ability of post-processing analysis to sort the best models out of a set of statistical replicas. We find that with exact distances and with noisy distances, the method can produce excellent structural models, and that the molecular dynamics force field seems to help correct errors in distance predictions, resisting the effects of applied noise.
Analytical solution of an advective zone model

xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Significance 1 Objectives 1 Organization 2 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Introduction 3 Mechanisms Controlling Longitudinal Dispersion 3 Taylor’s Analysis 5 Solutions to the 1-D ADE 8 Estimating the Advective Length 11 Estimating the Mean Velocity and Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient 12 Alternative Models 14 Empirical Models 14
Tonic and phasic alertness training enhances executive function, working memory, and skill acquisition in older adults

The ability to sustain attention gradually declines with age, exacerbating normal decays in performance across multiple cognitive domains. In addition, poor sustained attention may impair efficient learning of new information and skills. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to enhance sustained attention in patients with severely impaired abilities, such as hemispatial neglect and traumatic brain injury, and that this generalizes to improvements in spatial attention and more global cognitive improvements (DeGutis & Van Vleet, 2010; Van Vleet et al., 2014). However, it is unclear whether 1) sustained attention can be enhanced in less impaired, healthy aging individuals and 2) whether these sustained attention improvements can transfer to improvements in relevant outcomes such as executive functioning and visuospatial skill learning. In experiment 1 we sought to test, in older adults, whether tonic and phasic attention training (TAPAT) can improve sustained attention and if this transfers to improvements on validated neuropsychological tests of executive functioning. In experiment 2, we sought to replicate these effects and further examine whether TAPAT can enhance skill learning on a visuospatial divided attention task which has shown to be related to driving performance (useful field of view task, UFOV). The results demonstrate that, compared to active control training, TAPAT enhanced sustained attention and that this transferred to improved executive functions. We also found that TAPAT, compared to active control training, enhanced rates of learning on the UFOV task. This novel approach to enhance sustained attention may serve to facilitate greater benefit across a wide range of learning tasks. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015. Language: en
Potential Impact of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Grape Production in the Finger Lakes Region of New York

Abstract New York State is the leading grape producer in the eastern US and third leading grape producer in the US. The generalist feeding invasive species Halyomorpha halys (Stal) is currently present in NY, although at relatively low densities. Our aim in this study was to determine how H. halys will affect grape production in NY if it becomes well established. We measured the impact of density, sex, and life stage of H. halys on Concord and Chardonnay grapevines by enclosing insects on a single grape cluster using a fine mesh bag. The insects remained caged on the clusters for 2 wk during and after the period of fruit set, after which damaged and undamaged berries were enumerated nondestructively. At this point, we found a strong positive correlation between density and both number and percentage of berries damaged for both nymphs and adults. In late summer, at harvest time, clusters were removed from the vines, damaged and undamaged berries were once again counted, and berries were weighed. Cluster we...
Workspace narrative exploration: overcoming interruption-caused context loss in information seeking tasks

As digital libraries become more prevalent and as the amount of accessible online information grows, users often must consult diverse information collections in carrying out tasks. Simultaneously, the impact of frequent interruptions on task performance gets more severe. To manage the negative effects of interruptions on work performance, workers often engage in task management activities to ensure they are better prepared to resume suspended tasks. However, managing tasks causes additional cognitive burden and incurs a time cost to users who already are experiencing demands on their attention and time. We describe a system that allows users to browse their previous workspace intuitively, and enhances continuity of their tasks by supporting them to retrieve desired work context more quickly and easily.
Race and Class, Intersections of

A large and rapidly growing body of literature has investigated the relative importance of social class and race/ethnicity for health outcomes. However, close examination of how social class intersects with race/ethnicity to produce health is of critical importance and a more recent focus in health research. The enduring survival gap between those in the upper social echelons and those in the lower social echelons persists across times and places, even as causes of mortality shift from infectious disease to chronic illness. Being disadvantaged by social class and underrepresented minority status is double jeopardy, but moving beyond an additive approach to an intersectional approach – especially once gender is included – reveals race and social class as relationships not captured in additive models. Although race/ethnicity and social class have independent effects on health status and health care treatment, their connectedness puts disadvantaged minority groups at risk as income inequality increases in the United States. Keywords: death; health; race and ethnicity; sociology of health and illness; stratification and inequality
THE USE OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES TO ASSIST WITH LIFE SKILLS/INDEPENDENCE OF STUDENTS WITH MODERATE/SEVERE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY AND/OR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY

To successfully integrate technology into any educational program, practitioners need awareness of available technology, an understanding of how it can assist with instruction, knowledge of ways it can support day-to-day activities and, finally, the ability to teach students as well as educators to use the technology. The proliferation of advanced mobile technologies specifically targeting individuals with moderate to severe intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder means increased access to new tools and a greater need for educational service providers to be trained and ready to identify, recommend and deploy appropriate supports. The rapid rate of change in the technology industry is a formidable barrier to adequately preparing anyone except a technology specialist to be current on the latest advances. This article presents recommendations for school psychologists in terms of becoming familiar with the generally available technologies and the underlying instructional techniques rather than any specific technology products. Complete familiarity with all emergent technologies is improbable but through understanding the general ways technology can be used and the basic instructional practices, school psychologists will be better equipped to recommend further exploration of technological solutions for students.
Binding to Any ESCRT Can Mediate Ubiquitin‐Independent Cargo Sorting

The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery is known to sort ubiquitinated transmembrane proteins into vesicles that bud into the lumen of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Although the ESCRTs themselves are ubiquitinated they are excluded from the intraluminal vesicles and recycle back to the cytoplasm for further rounds of sorting. To obtain insights into the rules that distinguish ESCRT machinery from cargo we analyzed the trafficking of artificial ESCRT-like protein fusions. These studies showed that lowering ESCRT-binding affinity converts a protein from behaving like ESCRT machinery into cargo of the MVB pathway, highlighting the close relationship between machinery and the cargoes they sort. Furthermore, our findings give insights into the targeting of soluble proteins into the MVB pathway and show that binding to any of the ESCRTs can mediate ubiquitin-independent MVB sorting.
Vista: a framework for instrumentation system design for multidisciplinary applications

This paper presents a framework, called Vista, for designing instrumentation systems (ISs) for various applications that use distributed computing systems. We define an instrumentation system as a collection of modules and functions used for collecting data from concurrent processes executed on various nodes across the network. Based on our generic model of an IS, the Vista framework provides various abstract and base classes that help a user to quickly configure an IS for a particular application domain. Vista library is built on top of various operating system services to provide various convenience functions to collect and forward the instrumentation data. The design of this framework is hierarchical to address diverse user needs. We present the application of this framework to various practical data collection and management problems.
Hierarchical self-assembly of noncovalent amphiphiles.

Amphiphiles defined by noncovalent inclusion complexes between an alkylated β-cyclodextrin and PEG-conjugated guests assemble into higher-ordered structures whose thermodynamic stability reflects that of the defining intermolecular interactions.
EDA on Unix/Sparc and Win95/Intel platforms: does compatibility exist?

The constantly improving price/performance of the mass market PC is making this platform difficult to ignore when considering choices for student EDA software environments. At MSU, our traditional EDA environment has been based upon UNIX/SunSparc workstations. However the computation power of the average student home PC now routinely equals or exceeds the average workstation in our educational facilities. Also, funding pressures are beginning to force a choice between maintaining either full-featured EDA software licenses or up-to-date workstations, but not both. We are currently making an effort to identify EDA vendors and tool suites which run on both UNIX/SunSparc and Win95/Intel platforms. Our aim is to make the full-featured tool suites (not student editions) available to students who wish to run the tools on their home PCs. Thus far we are using three tool suites which have fit these requirements: Model Tech V-System/VHDL simulator, Avanti HSPICE, and Viewlogic Workview Office. Maintaining dual Unix/Win95 versions of tools are a challenge, but student response has been enthusiastic.
The influence of temperature on power output of scup red muscle during cyclical length changes.

To gain insight into how temperature affects locomotory performance, we measured power output of scup red muscle during oscillatory length changes at 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C. When we optimized work loop parameters, we found that maximum power was 27.9 W kg-1 at 20 degrees C and 12.8 W kg-1 at 10 degrees C, giving a Q10 of 2.29. Maximum power was generated at a higher oscillation frequency at 20 degrees C (5 Hz) than at 10 degrees C (2.5 Hz), and the Q10 for power output at a given oscillation frequency ranged from about 1 at 1 Hz to about 5 at 7.5 Hz. An analysis of the results in terms of crossbridge kinetics suggests that the higher power output at 20 degrees C is associated with both a higher Vmax (i.e. more power per cycling crossbridge) and faster activation and relaxation (i.e. a greater number of cycling crossbridges). To obtain a more realistic understanding of the functional importance of temperature effects on muscle, we imposed on isolated muscle in vivo length changes and oscillation frequencies (measured during previous experiments on swimming scup) and the in vivo stimulus duty cycle (measured from electromyograms in this study). At 20 degrees C, muscle bundles tested under these in vivo conditions produced nearly maximal power, suggesting that the muscle works optimally during locomotion and, thus, important contractile parameters have been adjusted to produce maximum mechanical power at the oscillation frequencies and length changes needed during swimming. At 10 degrees C, muscle bundles tested under in vivo conditions produced much less power than was obtained during the ‘optimized’ work loop experiments discussed above. Furthermore, although ‘optimized’ work loop experiments showed that maximum power output occurs at 2.5 Hz, scup do not appear to swim with such a low tailbeat frequency. Although the reason for these apparent discrepancies at 10 degrees C are not known, it shows that simple extrapolation from isolated muscle to the whole animal, without knowledge of how the muscle is actually used in vivo, can be misleading.
Circulatory Assist Devices 2000: An Update

Mechanical circulatory assist devices have been used in clinical practice as a bridge to transplantation since the late 1960s. In 1982, the first totally artificial heart designated as permanent therapy was implanted, but relatively few totally artificial hearts are implanted today. In the last several years, there has been a shift toward the use of left ventricular assist devices as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. Likewise, there is increasing interest in the use of ventricular assist devices as a bridge to recovery for patients with myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and following myocardial infarction or cardiotomy. This review presents basic information on the present use of these devices as they relate to transplantation and recovery, and as permanent therapy. Individual devices will briefly be described, as will indications for, and timing of, implantation. Other related issues, such as right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, anticoagulation, and infections, will be addressed. In closing, the future of mechanical circulatory devices will be discussed.
High-efficiency microwave oscillations from Si avalanche diodes

High-efficiency microwave oscillations have been observed in Si p–n and p–n–n+ diodes under pulsed conditions. At about 25 mA reverse-bias current, a sudden decrease in voltage across the diode and an increase in bias current are observed, giving peak output power of 10–20 W and efficiency up to 30% between 1 and 3 GHz.
Asymptotic expansion of a class of one-dimensional Fourier integrals

The method of stationary phase is used to develop an asymptotic expansion of a class of one-dimensional Fourier integrals whose phase function is a general second-degree polynomial. Because of its form, the phase function contains one stationary point that may occur anywhere on the real line. The asymptotic expansion is obtained using the theory of distributions and Fourier transform analysis. In addition to the expansion, a bound on the remainder term is derived. Finally, it is shown that the resulting expansion is, indeed, asymptotic.
The interpretation of ionospheric radio drift measurements—V. Demonstration of the point effect in time-averaged correlations and drift calculations

Abstract Experiments are described which illustrate the point source effect in the time-averaged spatial cross-correlation and which also validate it in the determination of time-averaged mean drift velocities by the radio spaced-antenna method. The effect of asymmetries of the antenna array on the estimation of ionospheric drift velocities is incidentally demonstrated.
Cell cluster graph for prediction of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients from tissue microarrays

Prostate cancer (CaP) is evidenced by profound changes in the spatial distribution of cells. Spatial arrangement and architectural organization of nuclei, especially clustering of the cells, within CaP histopathology is known to be predictive of disease aggressiveness and potentially patient outcome. Quantitative histomorphometry is a relatively new field which attempt to develop and apply novel advanced computerized image analysis and feature extraction methods for the quantitative characterization of tumor morphology on digitized pathology slides. Recently, graph theory has been used to characterize the spatial arrangement of these cells by constructing a graph with cell/nuclei as the node. One disadvantage of several extant graph based algorithms (Voronoi, Delaunay, Minimum Spanning Tree) is that they do not allow for extraction of local spatial attributes from complex networks such as those that emerges from large histopathology images with potentially thousands of nuclei. In this paper, we define a cluster of cells as a node and construct a novel graph called Cell Cluster Graph (CCG) to characterize local spatial architecture. CCG is constructed by first identifying the cell clusters to use as nodes for the construction of the graph. Pairwise spatial relationship between nodes is translated into edges of the CCG, each of which are assigned certain probability, i.e. each edge between any pair of a nodes has a certain probability to exist. Spatial constraints are employed to deconstruct the entire graph into subgraphs and we then extract global and local graph based features from the CCG. We evaluated the ability of the CCG to predict 5 year biochemical failures in men with CaP and who had previously undergone radical prostatectomy. Extracted features from CCG constructed using nuclei as nodal centers on tissue microarray (TMA) images obtained from the surgical specimens of 80 patients allowed us to train a support vector machine classifier via a 3 fold randomized cross validation procedure which yielded a classification accuracy of 83:1±1:2%. By contrast the Voronoi, Delaunay, and Minimum spanning tree based graph classifiers yielded corresponding classification accuracies of 67:1±1:8% and 60:7±0:9% respectively.
Massively multiplayer online games & education: an outline of research

For those with a vested interest in online technologies for learning, the knowledge and skills that constitute successful participation in massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) places them squarely among the most promising new digital technologies to date. In this paper, I broadly outline the qualitative results of a two and a half year cognitive ethnography of the MMO Lineage and describe the current trajectory of research we are now pursuing, based on those findings: (a) the empirical investigation of focused research questions in order to document and analyze those core practices that constitute gameplay in virtual worlds, and (b) the development of educational activities for after school clubs that capitalize on those capacities found throughout our research. This essay concludes with a reflection on the multiple relationships between games and education, highlighting the potential for such technologies to transform not only the means of education but also perhaps the goals.
Psychomotor EEG variant of Gibbs: an association with underlying structural pathology

Abstract Objective : To describe the association between a unilateral mid-temporal rhythmic theta discharge (‘psychomotor variant of Gibbs') with neuroimaging-demonstrated underlying mass lesion. Methods : Standard routine awake and scalp electroencephalography, continuous video-EEG monitoring and magnetic resonance brain imaging were employed in the diagnostic work-up of a 9-year-old boy with a severe behavioural disturbance and episodic outbursts of aggression. Results : EEG showed a unilateral mid-temporal rhythmic discharge which was continuous in drowsiness and which remained confined to the right hemisphere. MRI showed a lesion in the temporal horn of the right lateral ventricle displacing superiorly the white matter stem of the right temporal lobe. Conclusion : A rhythmic mid-temporal theta discharge, commonly regarded as a benign EEG variant, may, in some patients, reflect underlying structural pathology. Neuroimaging should be considered particularly when this EEG pattern remains confined to one hemisphere.
The effects of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on copulation-related and agonistic behaviors in an island colony of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides).

This study examined the effects on copulation-related and agonistic behaviors of repeated DMPA (depo-Provera) treatment of adult females in a heterosexual island colony of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides). Comparison of mean rates revealed a decrease in male approach to females and dominant male following of females after they were treated with DMPA. As treatment did not affect female genital present, female approach or follow of males, we conclude, consistent with earlier results, that DMPA primarily reduced female sexual attractiveness. DMPA treatment was also consistently associated with increased female agonistic behavior (i.e., low-level threat, bite, and fear grimace), with aggression directed primarily at subadults, juveniles, and infants. Treatment did not alter dominance relationships. These data suggest that DMPA treatment is associated with increased low-key contact aggression.
Expressed vocational choices and later employment compared with Vocational Preference Inventory and Kuder Preference Record-Vocational scores

Abstract Expressed vocational choices were more predictive of employment status four years after high school graduation for males than were scores on either the Vocational Preference Inventory or the Kuder Preference Record-Vocational. The Vocational Preference Inventory and expressed choices were about equally efficient in predicting future employment for females. The Kuder Preference Record-Vocational was far less predictive of future employment than the other measures employed in the study. Predictions for males were more accurate than for females on all measures.
Large-Scale Computational Modeling of [Rh(DuPHOS)]+-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Prochiral Enamides: Reaction Pathways and the Origin of Enantioselection

The potential energy surface for the [Rh((R,R)-Me-DuPHOS)]+-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a prochiral enamide, α-formamidoacrylonitrile, has been computed using a three-layer hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method (ONIOM). The bond-breaking and bond-forming region is modeled using a nonlocal density functional method (B3LYP), whereas HF theory and molecular mechanics (UFF) are used to describe the electronic and steric impact of the outer coordination sphere of the catalyst. Intermediates and transition states were calculated along four isomeric pathways of two diastereomeric manifolds. The starting point for each manifold is a square planar catalyst−enamide complex. Binding of the re enantioface of the enamide to the catalyst generates the more stable, major diastereomer, favored by 3.6 kcal/mol over the minor diastereomer, which has the si face bound. However, the net free energy barrier for the reaction is 4.4 kcal/mol lower for the minor diastereomer than for the major diastereome...
FLUOROUS BIPHASIC CATALYSIS : A NEW PARADIGM FOR THE SEPARATION OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSTS FROM THEIR REACTION SUBSTRATES AND PRODUCTS

A new paradigm for homogeneous catalytic reactions, fluorous biphasic catalysis, simplifies the separation technique of the phase-containing substrate and product from the modified fluoroponytailed catalyst, which has total fluorous phase solubility, as shown here.
Influence of Froude number on physical processes determining frequency of slugging in horizontal gas–liquid flows

Abstract The effect of the liquid Froude number on the physical processes for forming slugs was investigated for cocurrent air–water flow through a 7.63 cm horizontal pipeline that was 20 m long. The transient characteristics are described by using simultaneous measurements of the liquid holdup at multiple locations. When the Froude number of the stratified flow at the onset of slugging is less than unity, the frequency is related to the propagation, upstream of gravity waves caused by the formation of slugs. A stochastic model is used to describe the formation for Froude numbers greater than unity. These results provide a physical basis for developing models for the frequency of slugging.
Antibiotic selection for urinary tract infection: New microbiologic considerations

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an extremely common clinical condition, especially among women, half of whom will have at least one episode of acute cystitis at some point during adult life. An estimated one quarter of these women will have frequent, recurrent UTI. The microbiology of uncomplicated UTI is very predictable, with the vast majority of cases attributed to Escherichia coli. Recent reports from the United States and Europe have shown that resistance among uropathogens to agents that have traditionally been recommended as firstline therapy for uncomplicated UTI is on the rise. Although resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics among community-acquired uropathogens remains very low in the United States, fluoroquinolone resistance in community-acquired UTI isolates from other parts of the world has been increasingly described. Very low levels of resistance to nitrofurantoin among uropathogens has revived interest in this agent. The effect of in vitro resistance in uropathogens on the clinical response to treatment of acute cystitis is not well studied. The implications of emerging resistance among the causative agents of this extremely common infection for therapy of UTI are discussed.
A rectangular finite element for moderately thick flat plates

Abstract This paper presents the development of a straightforward displacement type rectangular finite element for bending of a flat plate with the inclusion of transverse (or lateral) shear effects. The element has 21 degrees of freedom consisting of nine for the lateral displacement of the midplane and 12 for rotations of the normal to the undeformed midplane of the plate (six each for rotations about the x and y axes). The latter are taken as independent of the slopes of the deformed midplane in order to include deformation due to transverse shear. The element is fully conforming and may be orthotropic. At interelement boundaries, the element matches adjacent elements both with respect to lateral displacement of the midplane and the rotations of the normal. Numerical computations for a number of examples are presented. The results show the element to be more flexible than most other finite element models and agree closely with those from a numerical solution of the three dimensional elasticity equations. The results also converge to those from thin plate theory when the thickness to length ratio becomes small or when the transverse shear moduli are artificially increased.
Turbulent heat and mass transfers across a rough, air-water interface: A simple theory

Abstract The net transfer across an air-water interface depends on heat transfer in the aqueous surface layer, radiation at the interface, and sensible heat and water vapor transfers in the air surface layer. The coupled problem for this net transfer across an interface under the action of a turbulent air flow is solved by application of a theory for rough wall flows. Theoretical predictions and data obtained in a laboratory facility are in quantitative agreement. Prediction of transfers and interface temperature is made from knowledge of the interface shear stress and mean roughness height plus temperature and humidity at a point in the air surface layer and the temperature at a point in the water surface layer.
Thermodynamically coupled mass transport processes in a saturated clay

Gradients of temperature, pressure, and fluid composition in saturated clays give rise to coupled transport processes (thermal and chemical osmosis, thermal diffusion, ultrafiltration) in addition to the direct processes (advection and diffusion). One-dimensional transport of water and a solute in a saturated clay subjected to mild gradients of temperature and pressure was simulated numerically. When full coupling was accounted for, volume flux (specific discharge) was controlled by thermal osmosis and chemical osmosis. The two coupled fluxes were oppositely directed, producing a point of stagnation within the clay column. Solute flows were dominated by diffusion, chemical osmosis, and thermal osmosis. Chemical osmosis produced a significant flux of solute directed against the gradient of solute concentration; this effect reduced solute concentrations relative to the case without coupling. Predictions of mass transport in clays at nuclear waste repositories could be significantly in error if coupled transport processes are not accounted for. 14 references, 8 figures, 1 table.
Decreased urinary citrate excretion in type 1a glycogen storage disease.

Abstract Objectives: To quantify urinary citrate and calcium excretion and systemic acid-base status in patients with type 1a glycogen storage disease (GSD1a) and to investigate their relationship to renal complications. Study design: Fifteen patients (7 male and 8 female; age range, 3–28 years) were studied during annual evaluations of metabolic control. All were treated with intermittent doses of uncooked cornstarch. Hourly blood sampling and a 24-hour urine collection were obtained while subjects followed their usual home dietary regimen. Results: All but the youngest subject had low levels of citrate excretion (mean 2.4 ± 1.8 mg/kg/d; 129 ± 21 mg citrate/g creatinine). Normally, urinary citrate excretion increases with age; however, in patients with GSD1a, a strong inverse exponential relationship was found between age and citrate excretion ( r = –0.84, P r = –0.62, P =001). Conclusions: Hypocitraturia that worsens with age occurs in metabolically compensated patients with GSD1a. The combination of low citrate excretion and hypercalciuria appears to be important in the pathogenesis of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Citrate supplementation may be beneficial in preventing or ameliorating nephrocalcinosis and the development of urinary calculi in GSD1a. (J Pediatr 2001;138:378-82)
Analysis of ray tube area in geometrical shock dynamics

Abstract We provide a rigorous analysis of structure of a ray tube in geometrical shock dynamics. Our aim is to shed more lights on the cross-sectional area function of a ray tube. We have shown that for a given ray tube and a given initial value of cross-sectional area, then its cross-sectional area can be determined uniquely everywhere. We give a definition of cross-sectional area of a ray tube in precise mathematical terms and from that we derive a set of relations, each describing the cross-sectional area for an arbitrary ray tube in geometrical shock dynamics. We have shown that from our results one can deduce Whitham’s area function relation as a partial differential equation from our general formulations. Some applications are discussed.
Chromatic information processing: Rate depends on stimulus location in the category and psychological complexity

Colors are typically categorized, and color sensations can be conceived to lie on a continuum of psychological complexity from simple, sensations provoked by colors that fall near the centers of color categories and that convey predominately a single percept (like ‘blue’), to complex, sensations provoked by colors that fall near boundaries between color categories and that convey two percepts (like ‘blue-green’). In three experiments we assessed the effect of the location of colors in a category (their psychological complexity) on the rate at which observers identified and classified them. In Experiment 1, observers named category center colors faster than boundary colors. A subsidiary experiment with range-shifted stimuli showed that observers were not merely bisecting a stimulus continuum. In Experiment 2, observers classified a variety of category centers more rapidly than a variety of boundaries. In Experiment 3, observers who first practiced classifying color centers or boundaries as such later classified category centers faster than boundaries. A subsidiary experiment showed that this differential was not selective to particular response category labels. Neither Experiment 2 nor Experiment 3 showed any differential effect of visual field of presentation. The advantage of category center or simple over boundary or complex sensations in chromatic information processing is discussed in terms of the physiological sensitivity of the visual system to color.
Evaluation and Outcome Research in Community Mental Health Centers

This article reviews procedural and methodological characteristics of 121 outcome studies published by community mental health centers during the decade 1969-1979. These studies were compared with 2906 studies conducted at other mental health treatment sites. Attention is focused on the adequacy of description of sample characteristics, mental health condition treated and treatment or intervention employed, sophistication of study design, and quality of outcome measures. The findings suggest that CMHC studies are less precise and less rigorous than studies at other sites, although there appears to be consistent improvement in research quality over time. The findings raise the question of whether CMHCs generally should conduct high-level outcome research, aside from essential internal program monitoring. A feasible alternative may befor such research to be carried out at a few centers of mental health research excellence and for such findings to be disseminated to the mental health community at large.
SYRACUSAN IDENTITY BETWEEN TYRANNY AND DEMOCRACY

The city of Syracuse saw enormous social changes in the first half of the fifth century BCE, as the Deinomenid tyranny gave way to a more democratic constitution. In particular, the tyrants' extension of citizenship to some 10,000 former mercenaries was accompanied by shifting conceptions of Syracusan civic identity. The ideological program of Hieron, found in Pindar and on coinage, promoted a version of civic identity that focused on the city's Dorian ethnicity and unique topographical features (the island Ortygia and the spring Arethusa) as factors shared by all citizens. After the fall of the tyranny, however, this more inclusive conception of Syracusan identity was rejected by the ‘original’ citizens, who excluded the former mercenaries from office-holding. The resulting civil strife reveals a struggle, in the aftermath of tyranny, over the nature of Syracusan civic identity: what did it mean to be Syracusan and how would that status be defined?
Culturally Competent Assessment Practice in the United States

Assessment practice with multicultural populations in the United States requires cultural competence. Culturally competent assessment includes culture-specific styles of service delivery, use of the client's first language, and an evaluation of the client as a cultural being prior to test administration using cultural orientation categories. This information is essential for understanding health/illness beliefs, to indicate the possible presence of culture-specific symptoms, and to select standard or culture-specific tests. Assessment ethics recognize the desirability of alteration or modification of standard tests by translation and development of new norms. Cross-cultural construct validity, response sets, and cultural variables are also research priorities. Culture-specific tests should be constructed and validated for some clients as determined by cultural orientation status. Feedback of test findings to clients and significant others should be consistent with cultural expectations. Professional and societal benefits of cultural competence in assessment are suggested.
Log-normal distribution for correlators in lattice QCD?

Many hadronic correlators used in spectroscopy calculations in lattice QCD simulations appear to show a log-normal distribution at intermediate time separations.
SU‐E‐J‐17: A Prototype Fiber‐Optic Scintillation Glass Array for Megavoltage Cone‐Beam CT

Purpose: A theoretical and experiment based validation of the detectordesign,manufacturing and imaging performance of a prototype fiber‐optic scintillation glass array (FOSGA) for megavoltage imaging is presented. Methods: FOSGA is an emerging technology for radiotherapyimage guidance consisting of high quantum efficiency scintillation glass fibers inserted into a tungsten‐polymer septal grid and coupled to a‐Si flat‐panels. A small‐field prototype detector (8 cm × 8 cm, 9 mm thickness) was constructed using 0.9 mm diameter scintillation glass fibers (1.1 mm pitch, 0.1 mm septa). Detector components were obtained and assembled using patented technology for grid fabrication (tomolithographic molding), fiber drawing, and mechanized fiber insertion. Currently, optical read‐out is achieved using photographic film (∼ 75% sensitivity at peak emission wavelength). Imaging measurements for modulation transfer function(MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were conducted to verify imaging performance, while initial tests for array fabrication and assembly were conducted (TLM precision, robotic loading parameters, etc). Results: The prototype FOSGA imager yielded good image quality (DQE measured ∼ 0.05 vs DQE computed = 0.07), indicating an improvement over current commercial megavoltage imagers (DQE < 0.02). Feasibility studies for detector fabrication and automated fiber insertion were highly successful with < 50 micron grid fabrication accuracy, and nearly 100% robotic loading success. Conclusions: This study validated the FOSGA design and component technologies used for manufacturing and assembly. The small‐field image quality measurements will be used as a benchmark for a future large‐field imaging system using thicker scintillator arrays with finer sampling (DQE ∼ 0.25 at 0 cy/mm expected). The superior imaging properties of FOSGA supported by viable mechanisms for fabrication make it a strong candidate for low dose megavoltage cone‐beam CT with soft‐tissue contrast visualization.
A Low Cost Micro Scale Cyclone Microparticle Separator - Design and CFD Analysis

Microparticle separation process has a variety of application varying from application in biological and biomedical industries for analysis and diagnosis, in biogas manufacturing to separate phases as well as in defense sector for detection of biological weapons like anthrax. Available electrical, magnetic, acoustic and various other methods are either very costly or not portable. The proposed design of micro scale cyclone separator is low cost as well as portable and easy to manufacture. Huge cyclone separators are widely used in various industries since decades but due to lack of research in micro scale cyclones no direct and sufficient data is available. This research attempts to develop a microscale cyclone separator and study the effect of parameters like inlet velocity on pressure drop in a micro scale cyclone separator. It further studies the effect of particle size on collection efficiency through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. CFD analysis has been proved very efficient for calculations in larger cyclones and hence is used as a tool in this study as well, though experimental verification is recommended. Computational experiments were performed using FLUENT. The results obtained are compared with various empirical relations developed for huge cyclone separators and similarities and dissimilarities in trends are analyzed. Finally a multi-cyclone model is proposed to obtain higher collection efficiency.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A difficulty in the search for Giffen behavior

Gilley and Karels [1991] argue that economists should search for Giffen goods in cases where two or three goods are chosen subject to two constraints. This paper reconsiders their three-good model. With a third good added, traditional comparative statics analysis, which is absent from the simpler model, becomes crucial. The Slutsky equation with a negative own substitution effect reappears, suggesting that one good which is automatically Giffen in the two-good, two-constraint model may have a downward-sloping demand curve when the third good is added to the model.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Electrocardiograms in a Large Heterogeneous Cohort of Friedreich Ataxia Subjects:

Electrocardiographic (ECG) findings in Friedreich ataxia and their relation to disease characteristics have not been well described. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the authors reviewed baseline ECGs from 239 children and adults with Friedreich ataxia. ECG abnormalities--assessed in relation to participant age, sex, shorter guanine-adenine-adenine triplet repeat length, age of disease onset, and functional disability score--were found in 90% of subjects, including nonspecific ST-T wave changes (53%), right axis deviation (32%), left ventricular hypertrophy (19%), and right ventricular hypertrophy (13%). Female sex and shorter guanine-adenine-adenine repeat lengths were associated with a normal ECG (P = .004 and P = .003). Males and those of younger age were more likely to show ventricular hypertrophy (P = .006 and P = .026 for left ventricular hypertrophy and P < .001 and P = .001 for right). Neurologic status as measured by the functional disability score did not predict ECG abnormalities.
UAS sense and avoid and TCAS interoperability

Collision Avoidance for General Aviation Thomas Billingsley, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT • Model CA as Markov Decision Process (MDP) • Encode performance constraints of GA • Optimize for total overall expected cost: — Near mid-air collision, alert, resolution reversal Decomposition Method for Optimized CA with Multiple Threats James Chryssanthacopoulos, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT • Pairwise vs. global • Extend MDP to pairwise decomposition — Command arbitration: optimal pairwise action — Utility fusion: optimal pairwise utility (e.g. max-sum)
A competitive protein binding assay for allopurinol and oxipurinol.

Abstract A competitive protein binding assay for allopurinol or oxipurinol has been developed based on the tight binding of these drugs to reduced xanthine oxidase. Free drug is separated from that bound to xanthine oxidase by absorption with dextran-albumin coated charcoal. This assay can detect as little as 0.1 μ m allopurinol or oxipurinol in water, serum, plasma, or urine. Competitive analogs such as hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid require concentrations 100- to 1000-fold greater than those of allopurinol or oxipurinol to cause significant interference with the assay. This assay is simple and rapid with the ability to assay 20–30 samples within 2 h. Measurement of oxipurinol levels in clinical samples shows good correlation with published results using more complex analytical techniques.
A coding scheme for a graphical solution to mine ventilation networks

Abstract This paper discusses a coding scheme for a graphical solution to the mine ventilation network that can be reduced to an equivalent series system, with special emphasis on the basis of the pressure difference (i.e., pressure loss or gain) for the branch characteristic curve. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of a graphical solution to the two-mesh ventilation network is presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed coding scheme.
Organische Phosphorverbindungen XVI. Reduktion von Phosphinsulfiden zu den entsprechenden dreiwertigen Phosphorverbindungen

The reduction of (C6H5)3PS, (p-CH3C6H4)3PS and (n-C4H9)3PS with iron powder to the corresponding tertiary phosphines is described. Reduction of (o-, p-ClC6H4)3PS, (i-C4H9)2P(S)H, thiophosphonic as well as thiophosphinic halides with tributylphosphine to the corresponding trivalent phosphorus compounds is also reported.