cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Copper(II) Complexes of Bis(1,4,7-triazacyclononane) Ligands with Polymethylene Bridging Groups: An Equilibrium and Structural Study.

Copper(II) complexation by a series of ligands containing two 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, [9]aneN(3), groups conjoined by polymethylene chains two to six carbons in length is described. Equilibrium modeling studies in aqueous solution using pH-potentiometry indicate that the smallest homologue of the series, EM2, forms only Cu(EM2)(2+) in dilute aqueous solutions. All other ligands of the series form stable 1:1 (protonated and nonprotonated) and 2:1 dicopper(II) (hydroxo and non-hydroxo) complexes. Those ligands that contain bridging chains of four or more carbon atoms likely form dimeric or oligomeric complex species in solution. The EM ligands with the shortest polymethylene bridging groups form the most stable 1:1 species. There is little difference among the ligands (n = 3-6) in complex stability of the protonated, CuH(2)(EMn)(4+), and dicopper(II), Cu(2)(EMn)(4+), species. UV-vis spectroscopic continuous variation studies at pH 4.0 and 7.5 are interpreted on the basis of the principal equilibrium species obtained from the equilibrium models. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies on four complexes ([Cu(EM2)]SO(4).6H(2)O (1), [Cu(2)(EM2)Cl(4)].2H(2)O (2), [Cu(2)(EM6)Cl(4) ] (3), and [Cu(EM3)][ZnBr(4)].H(2)O (4)) characterize structural features of several 1:1 monomeric and dicopper(II) complexes in the crystalline solid. The monomeric compounds contain CuN(6) chromophores while the dicopper(II) compounds contain square pyramidal CuN(3)Cl(2) coordination geometry. Compound 1 crystallizes in space group Po with a = 7.849(2) A, b = 9.783(2) ��, c = 16.919(5) A, alpha = 78.42(3) degrees, beta = 85.76(3) degrees, gamma = 73.06(3) degrees, and Z = 2. 2: P2(1)/n with a = 9.689(3) A, b = 11.733(3) A, c = 10.124(3) A, beta = 98.20(2) degrees, and Z = 2. 3: P2(1)/n with a = 7.278(2) A, b = 12.416(3) A, c = 13.781(2) A, beta = 90.15(2) degrees, and Z = 2. 4: P2(1)/c with a = 9.295(3) A, b = 16.233(4) A, c = 16.544(5) A, beta = 92.62(2) degrees, and Z = 4. Cyclic voltammograms of aqueous solutions prepared by dissolving [Cu(2)(EM2)Cl(4)].2H(2)O confirm its dissociation to Cu(EM2)(2+). Aqueous solutions containing 1:1 molar ratios of Cu(II) and EM2 in 0.1 mol dm(-)(3) KCl at 25 degrees C show a one-electron chemically reversible reduction at scan rates of 500 mV s(-)(1) with E(1/2) (Cu(II)-Cu(I)) = -868 mV relative to SCE. EPR (X- and Q- band) spectra of frozen solutions (1:1 DMSO/H(2)O and glycerol/H(2)O) of Cu(EM2)(2+) at 100 K are typical of axial copper(II) features (X-band parameters: g( parallel) =2.225 (A( parallel) = 164 x 10(-)(4)) and g( perpendicular) = 2.045).
Use of 6-Chloro-Δ6-Dehydro-17-Acetoxyprogesterone (CAP) in Estrous Cycle Synchronization of Dairy Cattle

Summary The reproductive performances of 20 untreated Holstein heifers and 69 Holstein heifers and 3-yr-old cows fed varying levels of the progestational hormone, CAP, were compared in a series of cycle synchronization trials. The hormone proved to be extremely potent in inhibiting estrus and ovulation. Cycles of heifers fed at a level of 0.02 mg per pound of body weight were synchronized in a period four to six days after hormone withdrawal; cycles of heifers fed 12 mg per day were synchronized in a period six to nine days after hormone withdrawal. Conception rates obtained in these heifers when they were bred artificially at the synchronized estrus compared favorably with the conception rate obtained in untreated control heifers. Subsequent cycles in those animals failing to conceive at the synchronized estrus were of normal length and fertility appeared normal.
T3: Targeted Proteomics of DNA-Binding Proteins

Abstract A technique that allows the inclusion of a specific DNA to enrich and direct proteomic identification of transcription factors (TFs) while providing a route for high-throughput screening on a single platform would be valuable in investigations of gene expression and regulation. Polyvinylpyrrolidone binds DNA avidly while binding negligible amounts of protein. This observation is used in a proof-of-concept method to enrich for TFs by combining nuclear extract with a specific DNA sequence and immobilizing the DNA–protein complex on a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) plate. Any unbound proteins are washed away and further processed for analysis in a MALDI–TOF/TOF (tandem time-of-flight) mass spectrometer. Enrichment on a PVP-coated plate gives the unique advantage of purification, enzymatic digestion, and analysis on a single platform. The method is termed T 3 because it combines T argeted purification on a T arget plate with T argeted proteomics. Validation was achieved in model experiments with a chimeric fusion protein, green fluorescent protein–CAAT enhancer binding protein (GFP-C/EBP), with an oligonucleotide containing the CAAT sequence. Both domains were identified with an expectation value of less than 10 –15 and more than 15% sequence coverage. The same oligonucleotide mixed with HEK293 cell nuclear extract allowed the unambiguous identification of native human C/EBP alpha with 24.3% sequence coverage.
An attempt to induce "egg transformation" in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. using irradiated pollen.

Experiments were designed and carried out to investigate the possibility of inducing “egg transformation” in tomato, as described by Pandey in Nicotiana L. Pollinations were made, which included the following treatments: irradiated donor pollen, irradiated donor pollen mixed with normal self pollen, irradiated donor pollen followed by delayed self-pollination, and a simple pollen mixture of non-irradiated donor and self pollen. No transformants were found after screening 5,620 seedlings representing 22,300 potential transformation events. If egg transformation occurs, it would appear to be limited to species outside of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Uranium-Series Age of the Upper Pleistocene Nestor Terrace, San Diego, California

Th 230 /U 234 dating of corals shows that the Nestor Terrace in the San Diego area was formed 120,000 ± 10,000 yr ago. This terrace appears to be correlative with marine terraces at other places on the California coast and with shoreline features formed in many parts of the world during a late Pleistocene eustatic high sea stand. The difference between the original and present elevations of the Nestor Terrace on the west side of Point Loma in San Diego indicates an average rate of uplift, since the terrace formed, of 11 to 14 cm per 1,000 yr. Dating of mollusks from the Nestor Terrace and from a topographically lower terrace has given apparently unreliable results.
The 14N(γ, π+)14Cg.s. reaction through the delta resonance region☆

Abstract The pion angular distribution for 14N(γ, π+)14Cg.s. has been measured at a photon energy of 400 MeV. The energy dependence of the cross section through the delta region, and the apparent strength of the resonance contribution, as determined by the present measurement together with earlier lower energy measurements, cannot be accounted for by any current theory. Calculations which use the delta-hole model in the resonance channel overestimate the present results by a factor of over two.
On the stability of rational approximations to the cosine with only imaginary poles

Letr(z) be a rational approximation to cosz with only imaginary poles ±iγ1−1/2, ±iγ2−1/2, ..., ±iγm−1/2 such that |cozz −r(z)| ≤C|z|2m+2 as |z| → 0. If the degree of the numerator ofr(z) is less than or equal to 2m andγi ≥m/4,i=1, ...,m, then we show that |r(z)|≦1 for all realz.
Freeman-Sheldon's syndrome, cranio-carpo-tarsal dystrophy.

Summary A patient with Freeman-Sheldon's syndrome (cranio-carpo-tarsal dystrophy), obviously the fourth case of its kind to be published, is described. No significant chromosome anomalies were demonstrated. Attention is drawn to the vertical grooves on the patient's jaw and lower lip, which may be remnants of the so-called lateral sulci established in the embryo in a certain phase of development.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Rewires the Molecular Path to PI3K-Dependent Proliferation

Tumors showing evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been associated with metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. Heterogeneity along the EMT spectrum is observed between and within tumors. To develop effective therapeutics, a mechanistic understanding of how EMT affects the molecular requirements for proliferation is needed. We found that while cells utilize PI3K for proliferation in both the epithelial and mesenchymal states, EMT rewires the mechanism of PI3K pathway activation. In epithelial cells autocrine ErbB3 activation maintains PI3K signaling, while after EMT, downregulation of ErbB3 disrupts autocrine signaling to PI3K. Loss of ErbB3 leads to reduced serum-independent proliferation after EMT which can be rescued through reactivation of PI3K by enhanced signaling from p110α, ErbB3 re-expression, or growth factor stimulation. In vivo, we demonstrate that PIK3CA expression is upregulated in mesenchymal tumors with low levels of ERBB3. This study defines how ErbB3 downregulation after EMT affects PI3K-dependent proliferation.
Whose Sovereignty? Empire versus International Law

This article focuses on the impact of globalization on international law and the discourse of sovereignty. It challenges the claim that we have entered into a new world order characterized by transnational governance and decentered global law, which have replaced “traditional” international law and rendered the concepts of state sovereignty and international society anachronistic. We are indeed in the presence of something new. But if we drop the concept of sovereignty and buy into the idea that transnational governance has upstaged international treaty organizations, we will misconstrue the nature of contemporary international society and the political choices facing us. In the contemporary context where there is a powerful imperial project afoot (on the part of the United States) that seeks to develop a useful version of global (cosmopolitan) right to justify its self-interested interventions, proposals to abandon the default position of sovereignty and its corollary, the principle of nonintervention in international law, are both premature and dangerous. Instead, we should rethink the normative dimensions of the concept of sovereignty in light of the new principle of sovereign equality articulated in the UN Charter, and show how it can complement cosmopolitan principles such as human rights and collective security. The task is to strengthen, not abandon, international law and supranational institutions, and to foster a global rule of law that protects both the sovereign equality of states, based on a revised conception of sovereignty, and human rights.
Storm-LK: A Human-Centered Knowledge Model for Weather Forecasting

STORM-LK (System To Organize Representations in Meteorology-Local Knowledge) is a Human-Centered system that used the CMap Tools© software to represent the knowledge and reasoning of expert forecasters. It demonstrates the feasibility of using Concept-Mapping to generate large-scale multi-media knowledge models. STORM-LK can support knowledge preservation, distance learning and collaboration, and navigation through the data that are used in weather forecasting.
Humanitarian information management network effectiveness: an analysis at the organizational and network levels

Massive international response to humanitarian crises such as the South Asian Tsunami in 2004, the Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Haiti earthquake in 2010 highlights the importance of humanitarian inter-organizational collaboration networks, especially in information management and exchange. Though, in recent years, humanitarian information management has considerably improved due to significant development in humanitarian information management principles and systems (Van de Walle et al., 2009), humanitarian information sharing continues to challenge the international community (Maiers et al., 2005; Wentz, 2006; Maitland et al., 2009; Bharosa et al., 2010). As I mentioned earlier, in the humanitarian relief field, the number of inter-organizational networks has significantly increased with the rise in number and complexity of humanitarian disasters of the past few decades (Stephenson, 2005; 2006; Ngamassi et al., 2010). The effectiveness of these networks in disaster response is still to be determined. Despite more than a decade old call for better understanding of the effectiveness of inter-organizational networks in the nonprofit context (see O'Toole, 1997; Provan & Milward 1995), to date limited work has been done (Provan et al., 2007).
Anticonvulsant Properties of Mannich Base Derivatives of 2‐Phenylsuccinimide III

Abstract Several Mannich base derivatives of 2‐phenylsuccinimide were synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant activity. All products were evaluated by maximal electroshock seizure and pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold tests.
Fragrance material review on allyl α-ionone

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of allyl α-ionone when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Optical Zeeman Spectra of Type II CaF2:Er3+

A study was made of the EPR and optical spectra of trivalent erbium in Type II crystals of calcium fluoride. The EPR spectrum disclosed the existence of cubic, tetragonal, and trigonal sites in the approximate ratios 15:20:1. The splitting values agreed with those of Ranon and Low.The optical spectrum consisted predominantly of lines due to 〈100〉 tetragonal sites. This was established by a study of the Zeeman pattern of the lines as a function of rotation about the [110] axis of the crystal. Spectra were taken over a range of 180° in increments of 5° in azimuthal angle. This provided a plot of energy versus azimuthal angle which could be used to establish the site symmetry in a purely geometric fashion.This technique is of general applicability to problems of nonequivalent sites and provides considerably more information than Zeeman studies restricted to a few crystallographic directions. Spectral lines too weak to be followed in a rotational Zeeman study were assigned by finding ground‐state splitting f...
Gas-Phase Production of Multifunctional Composite Nanoparticles by Photoinduced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Nano-scale materials and devices allow for unique interactions that are not possible at larger scales. Magnetic particles below a critical size (∼10 nm) demonstrate distinctive behavior known as superparamagnetism, where particles do not exhibit any net magnetic force outside the presence of an external magnetic field. However, within an alternating magnetic field, as in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine, superparamagnetic particles give off heat as a result of Brownian and Neelian relaxation. Heat produced by the shifting pole orientation can raise the temperature of the tissue sufficient to cause cell death through necrosis or apoptosis [1]. Additionally, combinations of electrically conductive and insulating materials within a single nanoparticle give rise to surface plasmon resonance. The resonance of the plasmon absorption can be tuned based on the relative thicknesses of the two layers. These particles can be used to thermally ablate cancer cells if the resonance is tuned to absorb light from an infrared laser. The penetrating ability of the nanoparticles combined with their capacity to kill cells make them excellent candidates for treatment of conditions such as brain tumors and prostate cancer.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Uniqueness of PL Minimal Surfaces

Using a standard fact in hyperbolic geometry, we give a simple proof of the uniqueness of PL minimal surfaces, thus filling in a gap in the original proof of Jaco and Rubinstein. Moreover, in order to clarify some ambiguity, we sharpen the definition of PL minimal surfaces, and prove a technical lemma on the Plateau problem in the hyperbolic space.
Intrusion detection and Big Heterogeneous Data: a Survey

Intrusion Detection has been heavily studied in both industry and academia, but cybersecurity analysts still desire much more alert accuracy and overall threat analysis in order to secure their systems within cyberspace. Improvements to Intrusion Detection could be achieved by embracing a more comprehensive approach in monitoring security events from many different heterogeneous sources. Correlating security events from heterogeneous sources can grant a more holistic view and greater situational awareness of cyber threats. One problem with this approach is that currently, even a single event source (e.g., network traffic) can experience Big Data challenges when considered alone. Attempts to use more heterogeneous data sources pose an even greater Big Data challenge. Big Data technologies for Intrusion Detection can help solve these Big Heterogeneous Data challenges. In this paper, we review the scope of works considering the problem of heterogeneous data and in particular Big Heterogeneous Data. We discuss the specific issues of Data Fusion, Heterogeneous Intrusion Detection Architectures, and Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, as well as presenting areas where more research opportunities exist. Overall, both cyber threat analysis and cyber intelligence could be enhanced by correlating security events across many diverse heterogeneous sources.
The Molybdenum(V) and Tungsten(VI) Oxoazides [MoO(N3 )3 ], [MoO(N3 )3 ⋅2 CH3 CN], [(bipy)MoO(N3 )3 ], [MoO(N3 )5 ](2-) , [WO(N3 )4 ], and [WO(N3 )4 ⋅CH3 CN].

A series of novel molybdenum(V) and tungsten(VI) oxoazides was prepared starting from [MOF4 ] (M=Mo, W) and Me3 SiN3 . While [WO(N3 )4 ] was formed through fluoride-azide exchange in the reaction of Me3 SiN3 with WOF4 in SO2 solution, the reaction with MoOF4 resulted in a reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V) and formation of [MoO(N3 )3 ]. Carried out in acetonitrile solution, these reactions resulted in the isolation of the corresponding adducts [MoO(N3 )3 ⋅2 CH3 CN] and [WO(N3 )4 ⋅CH3 CN]. Subsequent reactions of [MoO(N3 )3 ] with 2,2'-bipyridine and [PPh4 ][N3 ] resulted in the formation and isolation of [(bipy)MoO(N3 )3 ] and [PPh4 ]2 [MoO(N3 )5 ], respectively. Most molybdenum(V) and tungsten(VI) oxoazides were fully characterized by their vibrational spectra, impact, friction and thermal sensitivity data and, in the case of [WO(N3 )4 ⋅CH3 CN], [(bipy)MoO(N3 )3 ], and [PPh4 ]2 [MoO(N3 )5 ], by their X-ray crystal structures.
Can we know the global structure of spacetime

Here, we briefly review the notion of observational indistinguishability within the context of classical general relativity. We settle a conjecture given by Malament (1977) concerning the subject and then strengthen the result considerably. The upshot is this: There seems to be a robust sense in which the global structure of every cosmological model is underdetermined.
T1‐Weighted MR imaging of the brain using a fast inversion recovery pulse sequence

The purpose of this paper was to develop and evaluate a fast inversion recovery (FIR) technique for T1-weighted MR imaging of contrast-enhancing brain pathology. The FIR technique was developed, capable of imaging 24 sections in approximately 7 minutes using two echoes per repetition and an alternating echo phase encoding assignment. Resulting images were compared with conventional T1-weighted spin echo (T1SE) images in 18 consecutive patients. Compared with corresponding T1SE images, FIR images were quantitatively comparable or superior for lesion-to-background contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Gray-to-white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-white matter contrast and CNR were statistically superior in FIR images. Qualitatively, the FIR technique provided comparable lesion detection, improved lesion conspicuity, and superior image contrast compared with T1SE images. Although FIR images had greater amounts of image artifacts, there was not a statistically increased amount of interpretation-interfering image artifact. FIR provides T1-weighted images that are superior to T1SE images for a number of image quality criteria.
Simplified delay design guidelines for on-chip global interconnects

Based on the effective attenuation constant approximation of distributed RLC lines, simplified design guidelines are presented dealing with the line characteristics, termination, and delay estimation of on-chip global interconnects. RC delay models are verified to be still accurate for a wide range of parameters conventionally considered inductive. A new closed-form RLC delay formula is developed when RC models are inadequate. The formula works for both voltage and current-mode signaling and exhibits 10% accuracy of SPICE simulation. This work is suitable for global routing topologies and iterative layout optimization.
Health status (arthritis impact) in children with chronic rheumatic diseases. Current measurement issues and an approach to instrument design.

Arthritis outcome measures in adults have evolved from biologic “disease activity,” to observations of motor/movement based “functional status,” to assessment of “health status.” This monograph suggests a framework for developing a pediatric arthritis health status (impact) instrument in which measurable global outcome dimensions include psychological, social, ADL, pain, school, family, behavioral, and developmental variables. Physical and laboratory parameters of inflammation/disease activity are not part of either functional status or arthritis impact, but rather perhaps the most important predictor variable of outcome. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a prototypic chronic disease for development of a health status instrument for children. Prior obstacles have been (a) that systemic, polyarticular, and pauciarticular JRA appear to have very different amounts of impact on health status; and (b) although juvenile arthritis has proven a useful term for medical and public education, its value as a study entry criterion for functional status instrument development is limited. Any new pediatric arthritis impact instrument must fulfill five criteria: enable quantification; demonstrate reliability, validity, and precision; and specify data collection procedures. Important design issues include (a) developing a self-report format for children, (b) ensuring generalizability across age groups, and (c) the parent as proxy in most patient-related dialogue and interventions. Instrument elements could come from 8–10 adult and pediatric health/functional status instruments already in use. By 10 years of age, children can provide much independent information. Whether global assessments by patient, parent, and physician should be included, or be a separate “gold standard,” is not yet clear. The creation of better health status measures is an important and formidable challenge for pediatric rheumatology.
A Dynamic Semantic Account of the Temporal Interpretation of Noun Phrases

In general, the temporal interpretation of natural language utterances is concerned with identifying the temporal location of properties and relations expressed within an utterance with respect to contextually salient time points, e .g . , the time of utter­ ance. Most of the literature on temporal interpretation has been concerned with the temporal interpretation of verbal predicates and their verbal projections. In ( 1 ), the property ' sleep' expressed by the verbal predicate slept is temporally interpreted at some time prior to the utterance time, as indicated by past tense morphology.
Radial growth and exceptional sets for Cauchy–Stieltjes integrals

This paper considers the radial and nontangential growth of a function f given by where α>0 and μ is a complex-valued Borel measure on the unit circle. The main theorem shows how certain local conditions on μ near e i θ affect the growth of f(z) as z → e i θ in Stolz angles. This result leads to estimates on the nontangential growth of f where exceptional sets occur having zero β-capacity.
15-Lipoxygenase-1 transcriptional silencing by DNA methyltransferase-1 independently of DNA methylation

Methylation of promoter DNA contributes to transcriptional silencing of various tumor-suppressor genes in cancer. Transcriptional silencing of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) promotes tumorigenesis. Methylation of 15-LOX-1 promoter DNA occurs in some cancers, but its mechanistic role in 15-LOX-1 transcriptional silencing is unclear. We examined the mechanistic role of 15-LOX-1 promoter DNA methylation in 15-LOX-1 transcriptional regulation in human colorectal cancers. 15-LOX-1 promoter methylation occurred in colorectal cancer cells in vitro, in 36% of tumor tissue samples of colorectal cancer patients, and in virtually no normal colonic mucosa samples of 50 human subjects with no history of colorectal cancer or polyps. 15-LOX-1 promoter DNA methylation levels, however, did not correlate with 15-LOX-1 expression levels (Spearman’s r=0.21; P=0.38). We employed siRNA knockdown and genetic disruption models of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) to study the effects of this methylation on 15-LOX-1 expression in colo...
The Role of the Interface in CO Oxidation on Au/CeO2 Multilayer Nanotowers

The CO oxidation reaction is studied in this work using a controlled structure consisting of Au/CeO 2 multilayers, in the form of towers of 10 x 10 μm 2 base, with layer thicknesses in the nanometer range. This structure is prepared on a 3" Si wafer using reverse photolithography and vapor deposition in an e-beam chamber. The thickness of each layer is of nanometer dimensions and only the edges of the Au and CeO 2 layers are exposed to the reaction gas mixture. The CO oxidation reaction rate is found to scale with the total length of the Au/CeO 2 interfaces for nanotowers with the same total Au and CeO 2 surface areas. TEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal highly stressed gold films in the nanotowers, the lattice strain being temperature and film thickness dependent. Deactivation with time-on-stream is commensurate with relaxation of the gold films, as measured by a drop in their lattice strain.
With pills, patches, rings, and shots: who still uses condoms? A longitudinal cohort study.

Abstract Purpose To describe women's condom use patterns over time and assess predictors of dual method use 12 months after initiating hormonal contraceptives. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among women aged 15–24 years initiating oral contraceptive pills, patch, ring, or depot medroxyprogesterone and attending public family planning clinics. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after enrollment. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess baseline factors associated with dual method use at 12 months among 1,194 women who were sexually active in the past 30 days. Results At baseline, 36% were condom users, and only 5% were dual method users. After initiation of a hormonal method, condom use decreased to 27% and remained relatively unchanged thereafter. Dual method use increased to a peak of 20% at 3 months but decreased over time. Women who were condom users at baseline had nearly twice the odds of being a dual method user at 12 months compared with nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.28–3.14). Women who believed their main partner thought condoms were "very important," regardless of perceived sexually transmitted infection risk or participant's own views of condoms, had higher odds of dual method use (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.47–5.71). Conclusions These results highlight a potential missed opportunity for family planning providers. Providers focus on helping women initiate hormonal methods, however, they may improve outcomes by giving greater attention to method continuation and contingency planning in the event of method discontinuation and to the role of the partner in family planning.
Survival after concurrent traumatic dislocation of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints: a case report and review of the literature.

STUDY DESIGN: A case report of a patient who survived a traumatic disassociation of both atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints. OBJECTIVE.: To describe a rare case of concurrent atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial dislocation with a review of the related literature regarding occipitocervical dislocation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cases of isolated atlanto-occipital or atlantoaxial dislocation have typically resulted in death or devastating neurologic deficit. Survival after the simultaneous dislocation at both joints is extremely rare. METHODS: The initial evaluation, subsequent management, and surgical treatment of a 25-year-old male who sustained a concurrent dislocation of the atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital joints from a motor vehicle collision are reported and the related literature is discussed. RESULTS: The patient was transferred to our hospital after initial stabilization according to Emergency Medical Service criteria and management based on the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol. A complete (ASIA A) spinal cord injury was diagnosed on admission. Radiographic evaluation revealed dislocations of the atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints. Subsequently, the patient underwent surgical stabilization with instrumented posterior fusion from the occiput to C5. Intraoperatively, traumatic pseudomeningocele was diagnosed and repaired with pericranial autograft. The vital function parameters currently remain stable, but the patient is ventilator-dependent and did not regain motor or sensory function. CONCLUSION: The rapid response time of emergency medical services and stabilization according to the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol now lead to the survival of patients with significant deficit from occipitocervical injuries. A high index of suspicion is required to appropriately manage a patient with this devastating injury in order to maximize the chance for survival. Language: en
School-based health centers and obesity prevention: changing practice through quality improvement.

Objective To examine whether a quality improvement initiative aimed at medical providers in school-based health centers would improve the recognition and management of pediatric obesity. Participants and Methods. Thirteen school-based health centers, with a total of 22 providers and 6 clinical staff, were enrolled in the study. Quality improvement measures and best medical practices for assessing and treating pediatric obesity were provided during 1 learning collaborative and 2 on-site trainings. Measures included documentation of (1) a BMI percentile, (2) a corresponding weight-category diagnosis, (3) assessing readiness to change, (4) assessing readiness to change for patients with a BMI at ≥85th percentile, and (5) addressing 4 key messages that enhance a healthy lifestyle. Results Results of paired-sample t tests indicate that all 5 variables significantly increased from baseline to the midpoint data collection. From midpoint to the final data collection, documentation of BMI percentile and key messages increased, although not significantly. Documentation of weight-category diagnosis and readiness to change for patients with a BMI at ≥85th percentile decreased significantly, whereas documentation of readiness to change decreased, but not significantly. Conclusions This study offers promising evidence that school-based health center providers trained in a quality improvement initiative demonstrate consistent improvement in implementing the guidelines for treatment of pediatric overweight. Pediatrics 2009;123:S267–S271
Ultraviolet-Assisted Release of Microelectromechanical Systems From Polyimide Sacrificial Layer

Process heating of microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) devices hardens polyimide sacrificial layers, complicating the final release and lowering yield for delicate structures. This paper reports ultraviolet (UV)-assisted release, which is demonstrated on an MEMS cantilever fabricated by an eight-mask photolithographic process. A commercial co-developable polyimide ProLift 100 (Brewer Science) sacrificial layer was used. The process subjects the device to multiple heat treatment steps. Both wet chemical etching and dry reactive ion etching were explored. During the former, large sheets of hardened polyimide floated free of the substrate to damage delicate MEMS structures. The latter is typically slow, so that grass appears during long exposures to plasma ions. The solution reported here is UV exposure prior to release. Optical constants of the sacrificial layer material, which were baked to simulate thermal histories during various fabrication steps, were measured to understand the effectiveness of UV exposure. Wet and dry etch rates were measured as a function of UV dose. Finally, the advantages of UV pretreatment were demonstrated during the release of actual MEMS cantilevers. [2015-0193]
The Cost of Anarchy in Self-Commitment-Based Electricity Markets

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the issue of dispatch efficiency raised by the design of markets based on central versus self-commitment by determining a set of “competitive benchmarks” for the two market designs. It provides the context on the debate regarding the scope of centralized markets and further describes centrally and self-committed markets and the market models used in the simulations. Comparing the total commitment and dispatch costs of the two markets provides a bound on the productive efficiency losses of a self-committed market. With the advent of restructured electricity markets a contentious market design issue has been whether unit commitment decisions should be made centrally by the system operator or by individual generators. Although a centrally committed market can determine the most efficient commitment, they have been shown to suffer some equity and incentive problems. A self-committed market can overcome some of these incentive issues but will generally suffer efficiency losses from not properly coordinating commitment and dispatch decisions between individual generators. The competitive benchmarks assume that generators do not behave strategically in manipulating their offers in the two markets. Comparing the total commitment and dispatch cost of the two market designs shows the extent of productive efficiency losses from decentralized markets, which are small but non-trivial. Comparing total settlement costs of the two designs shows that generators can extract significantly higher payoffs from consumers under a decentralized design, suggesting that this design may be the wrong approach if the goal of restructuring is to reduce consumer costs. These higher prices under a decentralized design would further result in allocative efficiency losses in markets with demand response.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene Superfamily

Aldehydehydrogenases (ALDHs) represent a group of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes, which e similar primary structures and oxidize a wide spectrum of endogenous and exnous aldehydes (Lindahl, 1992; Vasiliou et al., 1995). Several ALDHs display broad strate specificities, oxidizing a variety of both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, whereather forms possess narrower substrate preferences. Based on substrate specificities, ALDH emes are broadly categorized as:a. semialdehyde dehydrogenases, including hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.32), Escherichia coli (EC 1.2.1.16) and mammalian (EC 1.2.1.24) succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, glutamate semi aldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.41), aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.11), 2-amino-adipate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.31) and metylmalonate- semialdehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.27), b. nonspecific ALDHs (E.C.I.2.1.3), c. other ALDHs including betaine dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.8), non phosphorylating glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatedehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.9), phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.39), lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.22), and d. ALDike proteins which represent certain other protein sequences, containing either complete or almost complete ALDH sequences. These include the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.5.1.6), Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.12), antiquitin, a human 56-kDa androgen-binding protein, and the crystallins..
The Stretch IRA versus the CRUT: Strategies for Leaving Retirement Funds to Beneficiaries

Kevin J. Sigler reviews two strategies for leaving retirement plans to beneficiaries on the death of the plan owner: stretch IRAs and charitable remainder trusts.
Knife saves life.

22. Svensson LG, Kim KH, Blackstone EH, Rajeswaran J, Gillinov AM, Mihaljevic T, et al. Bicuspid aortic valve surgery with proactive ascending aorta repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011;142:622-9. e621-3. 23. Pape LA, Tsai TT, Isselbacher EM, Oh JK, O’Gara PT, Evangelista A, et al. Aortic diameter > or 1⁄4 5.5 cm is not a good predictor of type A aortic dissection: observations from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Circulation. 2007;116:1120-7. 24. Desai MY, Smedira NG, Bhonsale A, Thamilarasan M, Lytle BW, Lever HM. Symptom assessment and exercise impairment in surgical decision making in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: relationship to outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150:928-35.e1. 25. Naji P, Griffin BP, Barr T, Asfahan F, Gillinov AM, Grimm RA, et al. Importance of exercise capacity in predicting outcomes and determining optimal timing of
The application of the Device-Mission System in assessing single event effect rates in the current space industry

This paper addresses current industry needs in the prediction of single event effect (SEE) rates of devices selected for space use, with particular attention to the use of commercial technologies. Impacts of the 'better, faster, cheaper' philosophy on current methods to ensure survivability in the space environment are also discussed. The Device-Mission System is presented as a tool for assessing on-orbit single event effect rates of commercial devices, or of parts with unknown internal geometries. Two applications are presented: the first provides the use of the Device-Mission System to predict on-orbit SEE rates; and the second presents a trade study of microprocessors for SEE sensitivity. The Device-Mission System is shown to enable both device-specific analysis, as well as rapid candidate device comparison. In both cases, the device and the mission environment are viewed together in one system, and the behavior of the system is addressed. (Author)
Identification and quantification of organic vapors by time-resolved diffusion in stacked mesoporous photonic crystals.

Microsensors for gas-phase analytes are fundamentally limited by their inability to discriminate between analytes. While cross-reactive arrays consisting of multiple different sensor elements provide one means to identify individual analytes, these “artificial nose” devices rely on complicated data processing algorithms and they generally suffer from significant zero-point drift. Herein, we present a single component optical sensor that is capable of identifying chemical compounds at parts-per-million concentrations. The device consists of a stack of three mesoporous silicon-based photonic crystals; a porous “drift tube” is sandwiched between two optically responsive layers. The drift layer temporally separates the optical responses of the other layers, and this difference is shown to be characteristic of the analyte.
Small time scale fatigue crack growth analysis under variable amplitude loading

In this paper, a previously developed fatigue crack growth model at the small time scale is modified and validated under f variable amplitude loading. This method is based on the incremental crack growth at any time instant during a cycle and can be used for fatigue analysis at various time and length scales. It does not require cycle counting and is very convenient for the fatigue analysis under random variable amplitude loading without cycle-counting. In the proposed methodology, the reversed plastic zone concept is adopted to determine the lower integration limit during the time integral for crack length calculation. Model validation is performed using extensive experimental observations for various metallic materials under different types of variable amplitude loading. Statistical error analysis is used to compare the proposed model with existing fatigue crack growth codes. Very good agreements are observed between model predictions and experimental observations. Predictions of the proposed model are compared with those of the FASTRAN and AFGROW codes and the error analysis for the predictions indicates the small scale model has an overall better accuracy in the current investigation.
Evaluation of O2 and CO2 transfer coefficients in a locally integrated tubular hollow fiber bioreactor

We have studied the transfer coefficients for O2 transport to and CO2 removal from a model cell-free system using microporous hydrophobic hollow fibers axially placed along a tubular bioreactor for ethanol production with immobilized yeast in the shell. In this locally integrated bioreactor, O2 and CO2 transfer rates depend strongly on the shell side liquid flow rate; O2 flow rate in the fiber bore influences O2 transport only at very low flow rates. Diffusion of CO2 does not affect O2 transport. Local and overall O2 and CO2 transfer coefficients have been determined for a wide range of Reynolds Numbers. The efficiency of such transfers has been demonstrated for alcohol fermentation.
Laser-Assisted Surface Modification of 4340 Steel with Iron-Aluminum Alloys

High power Nd-YAG laser was used to fuse coatings containing a mixture of FeAl and Al, with 4340 steel. It was observed that good quality coatings could be obtained using this process. Detailed microstructural studies show that Fe aluminides and/or a solid solution of Al in Fe can form within the coating, depending on the processing conditions. Wear measurements show that the best wear properties are obtained in the presence of an aluminide in the coating and that the wear properties significantly degrade when the coating consists primarily of a solid solution of Al in Fe.
Aquifer Anisotropy in the Pen Argyl Member of the Martinsburg Formation, PennsylvaniaAquifer Anisotropy, Martinsburg Formation, Pennsylvania

Anisotropy in aquifers has been shown to be common in deformed terrains. When structural fabrics and resulting secondary porosity are a result of regional tectonics, principal transmissivity tensor (T α ) orientation (θ) may be similar over a wide area. Recognition of domains with similar orientation and magnitude of transmissivity tensors is important for effective groundwater management. The Pen Argyl Member of the Martinsburg Formation is a thick sequence of claystone slate with subordinate intercalated quartzose slate and sub-graywacke. Time-drawdown data from four aquifer tests in the Pen Argyl Member exhibited anisotropic behavior at a scale of at least 600 m. The horizontal anisotropic properties were determined using analytical models. Statistical tests for anisotropy were applied, and variance formulas were used for uncertainty estimation and testing for differences in T α /T β and θ from tests at different locations in the aquifer. Principal transmissivity tensor orientation for four pumping tests within the Pen Argyl Member of the Martinsburg Formation were statistically indistinguishable (mean θ α = 41.5° ± 8.8°, 2σ) and aligned parallel to fold axes and the strike of joint sets and cleavage. An example of results from a single test shows the aquifer is anisotropic (H 0 : T α = T β rejected at P α /T β = 7.9 ± 5.5 (2σ), T α = 218 ± 441 (2σ) m 2 /d, and T β = 27 ± 53 (2σ) m 2 /d. This study is a step toward delineation of hydrostratigraphic units within the Martinsburg Formation.
Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: 10 Key Lessons

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common clinical syndrome associated with high rates of morbidi-ty and mortality. Due to the lack of evidence-based therapies and increasing prevalence of HFpEF, clinicians are often con-fronted with these patients and yet have little guidance on how to effectively diagnose and manage them. Here we offer 10 key lessons to assist with the care of patients with HFpEF: (1) Know the difference between diastolic dysfunction, diastolic heart failure, and HFpEF; (2) diagnosing HFpEF is challenging, so be thorough and consider invasive hemodynamic testing to confirm the diagnosis; (3) a normal B-type natriuretic peptide does not exclude the diagnosis of HFpEF; (4) elevated pul-monary artery systolic pressure on echocardiography in the presence of a normal ejection fraction should prompt considera-tion of HFpEF; (5) use dynamic testing in evaluating the possibility of HFpEF in patients with unexplained dyspnea or exer-cise tolerance; (6) all patients with HFpEF should be systematically evaluated for the presence of coronary artery disease; (7) use targeted treatment for HFpEF patients based on their phenotypic classification; (8) treat HFpEF patients now by treating their comorbidities; (9) understand the importance of heart rate in HFpEF—lower is not always better; and (10) do not forget to consider rare diseases (“zebras”) as causes for HFpEF when evaluating and treating patients. Taken together, these 10 key lessons can help clinicians care for challenging patients with HFpEF while we eagerly await the results of ongoing HFpEF clinical trials and observational studies.
Review of roles for photonic crystals in solar fuels photocatalysis

We cover the intersection of nanophotonics, materials such as photonic crystals (PC), but also irregular templated light scattering interfaces, with their application to solar fuels photocatalysis. We describe the fundamental principles of adapting nanophotonics to photocatalysis, particularly slow photon effects and how appropriate choice of stop band and edge position of the PC can be exploited for light harvesting. We also review several representative examples of nanophotonic design applied to photocatalytic semiconductor materials. We include the most heavily investigated photocatalytic materials (such as TiO2), as well as inherently visible light active semiconductors, and materials sensitized with semiconductor nanocrystals or plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Finally, we review alternative scattering interfaces useful for improving the performance of solar fuels photocatalysis.
China’s domestic hydropolitics: an assessment and implications for international transboundary dynamics

AbstractThis article reviews the dynamics of conflict and cooperation between sub-national administrative jurisdictions in China, and assesses the implications of these dynamics for its transboundary waterways. The article argues that domestic hydopolitics can rival the international variety in both complexity and contentiousness. This is especially true in China because of its marked fiscal-economic decentralization, which creates considerable interjurisdictional conflict. These internal politics may help explain tension between China and its neighbours over transboundary rivers, and future research should attempt to more fully link the domestic and international arenas.
“Heat shock protein 70 in pancreatic diseases: Friend or foe”

The heat shock response in pancreatitis that is activated via HSP70 protects acinar cells through multiple simultaneous mechanisms. It inhibits trypsinogen activation and modulates NF-κB signaling to limit acinar cell injury. On the other hand, HSP70 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and is hijacked by the cellular machinery to inhibit apoptosis. Inhibition of HSP70 in pancreatic cancer by a novel compound, Minnelide, has shown considerable clinical promise.