cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Project Hosting: Expanding the Scientific Programmer's Toolbox

Emerging technologies such as free and open source project hosting will hopefully broaden interest in scientific programming in a business context
Induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by herban, diuron, and other substituted urea herbicides.

Abstract 1-[5-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindanyl)]-3,3-dimethylurea (Herban ® ) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron) were administered to adult female rats to determine their enzyme-inducing capacity. After determining that these compounds have the ability to increase the activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes, they were fed to male and female weanling rats in the diet at levels of 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm. Dose-related increases in the activities of three hepatic microsomal enzymes were observed with maximal induction occurring during the first 3 weeks of feeding. All induced enzyme activities decreased during the duration of the 13-week study except for O -demethylase activity. A sex difference was observed in the response of the animals. Males were more susceptible than female rats to the enzyme-inducing activity of these two compounds. Other urea compounds were fed to weanling and adult female rats for 1 week at a dietary level of 1000 ppm. It was found that all the herbicidal urea derivatives that were used caused induction of at least one enzyme system.
Interconversion of gradient and isocratic retention data in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: effect of the uptake of eluent modifier on the retention of analytes.

Abstract The experimental technique of mass spectrometric tracer pulse chromatography was used to study the effect of the sorption of eluent components by a C18-bonded silica RPLC packing on the retention of a series of test analytes during isocratic and gradient elution experiments. The analytes of interest were a substituted phenol, a substituted nitroaniline, an anti-malaria drug, tetrahydrofuran, and methanol. The eluent used was a mixture of acetonitrile and water. The solutes and isotopically labeled eluent components were injected at fixed time intervals during each gradient run. The mass specific detector allowed the assignment of individual analyte peaks even when there was overlap in the chromatograms from successive injections. Thus, the retention time of each analyte could be determined as a function of gradient slope and initial eluent composition at the time of each injection. Experimental gradient retention time data were then compared with the calculated results from two theoretical models. The first model assumed the velocity of the mobile phase and eluent were equal. The second and most realistic model assumed the velocity of the eluent was less than the velocity of the mobile phase due to the uptake of eluent by the stationary phase. Gradient retention times predicted by the two models were reasonably accurate with the sorption model giving slightly more accurate values. Inverse calculations, i.e., calculation of isocratic retention factors from gradient elution data were also carried out with very similar results. That is, the model allowing for the uptake of eluent was slightly more accurate than the model assuming no eluent-stationary phase interaction.
Is the inhibitory control test as accurate as standard psychometric testing for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy

Is the inhibitory control test as accurate as standard psychometric testing for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy?
How family-friendly work environments affect work/family conflict: A meta-analytic examination

We report a meta-analytic examination of the value of five facets of family-friendly work environments (FFWEs) in reducing work/family conflict (WFC). Cumulation of 38 studies (total N = 13,605) suggests that facets of FFWE may provide less assistance to workers in managing WFC than one may hope, as none explained more than seven percent of the variance in WFC. A family-friendly work culture seems most influential in reducing WFC. Importantly, spousal support and FFWEs explain different portions of variance in WFC, suggesting that FFWEs are uniquely valuable to workers in achieving work/ family balance. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Who Owns the Course? Online Composition Courses in an Era of Changing Intellectual Property Policies

Abstract This article examines existing copyright law, the ambiguous case law concerning copyrightable material and educators, university policies toward patent and copyright law, and the changing nature of educational institutions in the 1990s to consider the question of who “owns” an online composition course, or any course for that matter, in the late twentieth century. I argue that composition instructors need to consider the following issues as they design and revise courses with a significant online component. Who has historically and contractually controlled course materials created by faculty members? Who owns course materials developed for particular courses? Why should the transition to networked computing environments change the nature of course materials ownership? Are there substantiative differences between materials created for a traditional composition course and an online course? The answers to these questions may fundamentally change the ways instructors create and use instructional materials.
Inhibition of experimental autoimmune myocarditis: peripheral deletion of TcR Vβ 8.1, 8.2+ CD4+ T cells in TLR-4 deficient mice

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors that are an essential feature of host defense against pathogens. Expression of TLR-4 on dendritic cells was reported to be required for initiation of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) but the mechanism by which TLR-4 signaling affects autoimmunity is incompletely understood. To determine the role of TLR-4 in EAM, wild type and TLR-4-/- mice were immunized with myosin peptide (614-629) in CFA. TLR-4-/- mice demonstrated decreased myosin specific proliferation and decreased production of INF-gamma and IL-2. Immunization with myosin induced greater severity of myocarditis in wild type compared to TLR-4-/- mice as evidenced by lesions in the myocardium. TcR Vbeta 8.1, 8.2+ CD4+ T cells, detected in lesions were isolated from splenocytes by flow cytometry and found to undergo increased apoptosis in TLR-4-/- mice. In situ immunohistochemistry showed increased colocalization of cleaved caspase 3 and TcR Vbeta 8.1, 8.2+ CD4+ T cells in TLR-4-/- mice compared to wild type. Increased apoptosis was associated with impaired activation of NF-kB p65 and decreased cell viability in the presence of TNF-alpha. These results demonstrate that infiltrating TcR Vbeta 8.1, 8.2+ CD4+ T cells are deleted by the mechanism of apoptosis in TLR-4-/- mice with EAM.
Analysis of meiotic recombination events near a recombination hotspot in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The region of yeast chromosome III between the HIS4 and LEU2 genes has an unusually high frequency of meiotic recombination. In order to determine the pattern of cross-over and gene conversion events, we constructed a strain with a number of heterozygous markers in this 25-kb interval. We found that very high levels of reombination are localized to regions of DNA near HIS4. In addition, analysis of the patterns of co-conversion of adjacent markers suggests that there is more than one initiation site contributing to recombination of HIS4.
Gas Dynamic Equations, Transport Coefficients, and Effects in Nonequilibrium Diatomic Gas Flows

The problem of redistribution of translational and rotational energy has been solved for diatomic gases within the framework of the Chapman ‐Enskog method and the Parker model in the general case of the arbitrary energy exchange ratio. The nonequilibrium gasdynamic equations, transport coefe cients, and relaxation time have been foundforrotational-translationalprocessesinadiatomicgas.Thecalculationsofrelaxationtime,viscosity,thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefe cients are carried out in thetemperature range from 200 to 10,000 K for nitrogen. The calculated parameters and coefe cients are compared with the values obtained by the Mason ‐Monchick approximatemethodaswellasdatafromexperimentsinultrasonic,shock-wave,and vacuumdevices.Thecorrelation of the theoretical and experimental data is satisfactory. The applicability of one- and two-temperature relaxation models is discussed. The numerical solutions of the obtained system of the Navier ‐Stokes equations are analyzed for the cases of spherical expanding nitrogen e ow and supersonic raree ed gas e ow near a sphere.
Forced copulation in captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos): II. Temporal factors

Abstract A study of temporal trends in forced copulation was conducted in flight-pens with eight pairs of captive mallards to test the hypothesis that forced copulation is an evolved breeding strategy in waterfowl. Significantly more forced copulation attempts were directed at females during egg-laying than during the non-laying period preceding laying, and few forced copulations occurred after the laying of the last egg of the clutch. Most forced copulations occurred in the morning when the females were leaving the nests after egg-laying. Thus, forced copulations occurred at times when fertilization was most likely to result, supporting the insemination strategy hypothesis.
In vitro Grafts

IN 1935, Gautheret1 published an account of in vitro grafts he had obtained between fragments of cambium of Populus nigra, Salix caprea and other trees, excised and cultured on artificial media. In attempting to repeat this work, I encountered some difficulties when tissues freshly removed from the plant were employed. With cambial cultures of longer standing, however, union in vitro was obtained easily. Fig. 1 a shows two excised fragments of cambium from Vinca rosea as they appeared after two weeks culture on nutrient agar. Regeneration of callus was controlled by the natural polarity of the fragment. After these two fragments had been placed in close contact for three weeks, they were found to be firmly united (Fig. 1 b). The union was accompanied by an increased proliferation in other portions of the excised fragment.
A method for selecting a subset of alternatives for future decision making

Abstract In this paper we present an algorithm for finding a subset from a large number of alternatives. The criterion for selecting this subset is based on the assumption that ultimately one alternative will be chosen and implemented from this subset. Some areas of application for the subset selection techniques are presented. Extensions of this research are suggested.
Tri-gate In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As-on-insulator junctionless field effect transistors

A tri-gate In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As-on-insulator (InGaAs-OI) junctionless field-effect transistor (JLFET) architecture is demonstrated. The devices feature a 20-nm-thick n-In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As channel doped to 1018 /cm3 obtained by direct wafer bonding and a 3.5-nm-thick A1 2 O 3 gate dielectric deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). The impact of the fin width (W fin ) and gate length (L g ) scaling at fixed channel doping (N d ) and equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) on the device performance is discussed and benchmarked.
Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Bulk High-Tc Superconductors

Bulk forms of the superconductors Y-Ba-Cu-O and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O generally have a low critical current density (Jc). At 77 K in zero magnetic field, values greater than about 103 A cm−2 have seldom been obtained. The most notable exceptions are for melt-textured rods and filaments,1–3 for which Jc values often exceed 104 A cm−2. Values of Jc approaching 104 A cm−2 have also been reported for wires and tapes processed in Ag tubes.4–6 Little information about the microstructures of these composite conductors has emerged. This work was undertaken to examine the relationships between processing, microstructure, and electrical properties for high-temperature superconductors processed as pellets or Ag-clad tapes.
Exploring representations of protein structure for automated remote homology detection and mapping of protein structure space

Background: Due to rapid sequencing of genomes, there are now millions of deposited protein sequences with no known function. Fast sequence-based comparisons allow detecting close homologs for a protein of interest to transfer functional information from the homologs to the given protein. Sequence-based comparison cannot detect remote homologs, in which evolution has adjusted the sequence while largely preserving structure. Structure-based comparisons can detect remote homologs but most methods for doing so are too expensive to apply at a large scale over structural databases of proteins. Recently, fragment-based structural representations have been proposed that allow fast detection of remote homologs with reasonable accuracy. These representations have also been used to obtain linearly-reducible maps of protein structure space. It has been shown, as additionally supported from analysis in this paper that such maps preserve functional co-localization of the protein structure space. Methods: Inspired by a recent application of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model for conducting structural comparisons of proteins, we propose higher-order LDA-obtained topic-based representations of protein structures to provide an alternative route for remote homology detection and organization of the protein structure space in few dimensions. Various techniques based on natural language processing are proposed and employed to aid the analysis of topics in the protein structure domain. Results: We show that a topic-based representation is just as effective as a fragment-based one at automated detection of remote homologs and organization of protein structure space. We conduct a detailed analysis of the information content in the topic-based representation, showing that topics have semantic meaning. The fragmentbased and topic-based representations are also shown to allow prediction of superfamily membership. Conclusions: This work opens exciting venues in designing novel representations to extract information about protein structures, as well as organizing and mining protein structure space with mature text mining tools.
Biomechanical Issues in Endovascular Device Design

The biomechanical nature of the arterial system and its major disease states provides a series of challenges to treatment strategies. Endovascular device design objectives have mostly centered on short-term challenges, such as deployability and immediate restoration of reliable flow channels. The resulting design features may be at odds with long-term clinical success. In-stent restenosis, endoleaks, and loss of device structural integrity (e.g., strut fractures) are all manifestations of a lack of compatibility between the host vessel biomechanical environment and the implant design. Initial attempts to adapt device designs for increased compatibility, including drug-eluting and bioabsorbable stents, barely begin to explore the ways in which implant design can be modulated in time to minimize risk of failure. Biomechanical modeling has the potential to provide a virtual vascular environment in which new designs can be tested for their implications on long-term tissue reaction. These models will be based on high quality, highly resolved imaging information, as well as mechanobiology experiments from the cellular to the whole tissue level. These models can then be extended to incorporate biodegradation mechanics, facilitating the next generations of devices whose designs (including drug delivery profiles) change with time to enhance healing. The possibility of initiating changes in device design or drug release according to information on vascular healing (through clinical intervention or automated methods) provides the opportunity for truly individualized dynamic device design optimization.
Identification and dissection of bladder neck during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Bladder neck identification and dissection is a difficult step in performing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We describe a transurethral technique that facilitates laparoscopic identification and incision of the bladder neck. All cases were successful, with clear and sharp bladder neck margins. All bladder neck surgical margins were tumor free.
Pastoral Care of Political Discourse: Shepherding Communication

I argue that the tradition(s) of pastoral care contributes to our understanding of Christian discipleship vis-a-vis political discourse. In particular, I understand pastoral care, in part, as shepherding political discourse. To care for and about political discourse involves a radical openness to the Other, which is made possible by the virtues of hospitality, compassion, humility, and forgiveness. The primary pastoral aim in shepherding political discourse is not the realization of political power or the realization of Christian beliefs through rhetorical coercion, evangelical assimilation, or consensus. Positively, the aim of pastoral political discourse is to shepherd the communicative processes such that there is a possibility of real meetings.
Block Migration in Broadcast-based Multiprocessor Architectures

This paper presents techniques that improve the performance of parallel programs on distributed shared memory NUMA multiprocessors by implementing dynamic memory block and page migration. Our techniques address the latencies caused by the contention within the network and attempt to enhance data locality by migrating pages to reduce remote references. We analyze the behavior of eight multiprocessor applications, which exhibit a wide range of network traffic patterns. Results show that several applications that encounter hot spots and network congestion see a reduction of run time by more than a factor of ten
Comparison of Shared Reading versus Emergent Reading: How the Two Provide Distinct Opportunities for Early Literacy

This study examined mother-child interactions across two types of reading interactions—shared reading versus emergent reading—in order to determine (a) if mothers and children provide the same amount of language input across the two interactions, (b) if the socioemotional quality is consistent across the interactions, and (c) if the language input and socioemotional quality across the two interactions are differentially associated with children’s scores on early literacy assessments. Twenty-five mother-child dyads participated in both interactions. Children were given a standardized test of early reading and an emergent reading score based on a rubric designed particularly for the book they were reading. Results indicated that during the shared reading mothers provided more language input (i.e., they talked more), but children increased their amount of talk during the emergent reading, making such input effects null. Overall, socioemotional quality was consistent across the two interactions, except mothers provide more literacy feedback during shared reading. Both language input and socioemotional quality were associated with higher scores on early literacy assessments, but the contribution of these factors varied depending across the type of reading interaction. Results are discussed in terms of education implications for literacy practices at home and school.
Pharmacotherapy Review: Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

On inspection of most treatment algorithms for hypertension, it is apparent that multiple drug classes are available. In choosing a medication class for hypertension therapy, nuances of the selection process often go unappreciated. This article is the first in a series describing important pharmacotherapeutic considerations of the individual drug classes used in the treatment of hypertension.
Erratum: Application of new tools for the FDTD analysis of UWB antennas on dielectric substrates

New techniques are described for the FDTD analysis of radiating structures mounted on infinite planar dielectric substrates. These techniques are the near-field-to-far-field transform and the totalfield/scattered-field boundary, or the plane-wave injector. For demonstrating the use of these techniques, a practical ultra-wideband antenna on an ungrounded dielectric substrate is analyzed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1447–1451, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23392
Mechanism with unique learnable equilibria

The existence of a unique equilibrium is the classic tool for ensuring predictiveness of game theory. Typical uniqueness results, however, are for Nash and Bayes-Nash equilibria and do not guarantee that natural game playing dynamic converges to this equilibrium. In fact, there are well known examples in which the equilibrium is unique, yet natural learning behavior does not converge to it. Motivated by this, we strive for stronger uniqueness results. We do not only require that there is a unique equilibrium, but also that this equilibrium must be learnable. We adopt correlated equilibrium as our solution concept, as simple and natural learning algorithms guarantee that the empirical distribution of play converges to the space of correlated equilibria. Our main result is to show uniqueness of correlated equilibria in a large class of single-parameter mechanisms with matroid structure. We also show that our uniqueness result extends to problems with polymatroid structure under some conditions. Our model includes a number of special cases interesting on their own right, such as procurement auctions and Bertrand competitions. An interesting feature of our model is that we do not need to assume that the players have quasi-linear utilities, and hence can incorporate models with risk averse players and certain forms of externalities.
Neutron Dosimetry with the 58 Ni(n,p) 58 Co Reaction at Short-Decay Times

The {sup 58}Ni(n,p){sup 58}Co reaction is a very attractive choice for use as shown a neutron fluence monitor foil in reactor irradiations. The most important drawback to this reaction is the interference from the 9.15-h half-life {sup 58m}Co metastable state. A methodology is presented in this paper to allow the {sup 58g}Co ground-state activity to be read at short decay times and to be converted into the total {sup 58t}Co activity with no significant increase in the measurement uncertainty. This methodology involves modeling the {sup 58m}Co/{sup 58t}Co population ratio. Both theoretical and experimental estimates of the energy dependence of this ratio are presented. A method is presented to accurately measure this ratio. An empirical model of the energy dependence of this ratio is presented to allow simple estimates of the ratio to be made prior to a measurement.
Influence diagrams with memory states: representation and algorithms

Influence diagrams (IDs) offer a powerful framework for decision making under uncertainty, but their applicability has been hindered by the exponential growth of runtime and memory usage--largely due to the no-forgetting assumption. We present a novel way to maintain a limited amount of memory to inform each decision and still obtain near-optimal policies. The approach is based on augmenting the graphical model with memory states that represent key aspects of previous observations--a method that has proved useful in POMDP solvers. We also derive an efficient EM-based message-passing algorithm to compute the policy. Experimental results show that this approach produces highquality approximate polices and offers better scalability than existing methods.
Lattice differential equations embedded into reaction-diffusion systems

We show that lattice dynamical systems naturally arise on infinite-dimensional invariant manifolds of reaction-diffusion equations with spatially periodic diffusive fluxes. The result connects wave pinning phenomena in lattice differential equations and in reaction-diffusion equations in inhomogeneous media. The proof is based on a careful singular perturbation analysis of the linear part, where the infinite-dimensional manifold corresponds to an infinite-dimensional center eigenspace.
Loop 2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 protein regulates filament formation and ATPase activity

Previous studies showed that the K342E substitution in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 protein increases the interaction with Rad54 protein in the two-hybrid system, leads to increased sensitivity to the alkylating agent MMS and hyper-recombination in an oligonucleotide-mediated gene targeting assay. K342 localizes in loop 2, a region of Rad51 whose function is not well understood. Here, we show that Rad51-K342E displays DNA-independent and DNA-dependent ATPase activities, owing to its ability to form filaments in the absence of a DNA lattice. These filaments exhibit a compressed pitch of 81 A, whereas filaments of wild-type Rad51 and Rad51-K342E on DNA form extended filaments with a 97 A pitch. Rad51-K342E shows near normal binding to ssDNA, but displays a defect in dsDNA binding, resulting in less stable protein-dsDNA complexes. The mutant protein is capable of catalyzing the DNA strand exchange reaction and is insensitive to inhibition by the early addition of dsDNA. Wild-type Rad51 protein is inhibited under such conditions, because of its ability to bind dsDNA. No significant changes in the interaction between Rad51-K342E and Rad54 could be identified. These findings suggest that loop 2 contributes to the primary DNA-binding site in Rad51, controlling filament formation and ATPase activity.
Characterization of the Fe(III)-binding Site in Sepia Eumelanin by Resonance Raman Confocal Microspectroscopy¶

Abstract The resonance Raman spectrum of Sepia eumelanin is discussed by analogy to model compounds containing catechol (CAT)–like structural units. These data are then compared with the analogous data on Fe(III)-enriched Sepia eumelanin. In contrast to the natural eumelanin, the Fe(III)-enriched samples exhibit absorption features in the visible and near-IR spectral regions, which are attributed to ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) bands. Resonance Raman spectra collected by exciting these LMCT bands reveal bands at 580 and 1470 cm−1; the intensity of these features increases with increasing Fe(III) content. The 580 and 1470 cm−1 bands are assigned to Fe–OR stretching and ring deformation modes, respectively. These data further substantiate that the Fe(III)-melanin–binding site in melanin is composed of CAT-like structural units.
Lay of the Land: The State of Bibliographic Instruction Efforts in ARL Special Collections Libraries

Introduction Much has changed in the world of special collections and library management since Susan Allen published results of her 1995 survey on the status of special collections at liberal arts colleges. 1 In 2001, Judith Panitch published results of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) 1998 survey of special collections, but little data in that report addressed staffing requirements, spaces, and attitudes as related to bibliographic instruction. 2 In 2004, Anna Allison conducted a thorough survey of some of these issues as well as attitudes toward bibliographic instruction in special collections settings. 3 Most recently, Berenbak et al. published the results of . . .
Using artificial packets for training network payload anomaly detection systems

Attacks on web servers are becoming increasingly prevalent, and the social and economic impact of a successful attack are also increasing. There are many existing attack detection and prevention schemes, which must be carefully configured and utilized together to provide the highest level of protection possible. To this end, we must continue to analyze existing techniques and develop new methods for practical deployment and implementation. In this paper, we present a study on utilizing artificially formed network packets to aid in tuning payload anomaly detection when real collected traffic may not be available (especially as concept-drift occurs) for continuous updates. Our results show that the method has potential for use for certain systems, where high detection rates can be achieved while maintaining low false positive rates.
Cytokines and angiogenic factors in metastatic renal cell cancer: Association of pretreatment serum levels with survival

e16036 Background: To correlate serum cytokine and angiogenic factor (CAF) levels and overall survival (OS) in metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-α). Methods: Serum CAF levels were measured in 103 patients treated on a randomized trial with IFN-α 0.5 million units (MU) twice daily or 5 MU daily. Concentrations of 17 analytes including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) and several cytokines were determined by multiplex bead immunoassays or ELISA (basic fibroblast growth factor). We used proportional hazards models to evaluate the effect of CAF levels and clinical factors on OS. Results: Pretreatment serum interleukin (IL)-5, IL-12p40, VEGFA, and IL-6 levels, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center risk grouping were independently correlated with OS, with hazard ratios of 2.33, 2.00, 2.07, 1.82 and 0.39, respectively (concordance index = 0.69 for the combined model versus 0.60 for the CAF model versus 0.52 for the clinical model). Based on an index derived fro...
Review of Information Need: A Theory Connecting Information Search to Knowledge Formation

In this book, Cole attempts to establish a framework for the information searching process. He analyzes information need from the perspectives of both information science and computer science. Wher...
Cultural Understandings of Risk and the Tyranny of the Experts

Every year, law-makers and agency regulators, with the input of industry experts and scientists, make hundreds of decisions about how to regulate conduct and allocate resources to address various types of risks that threaten the well-being of American citizens. In fact, managing and minimizing risk is one of the most important tasks of today’s policy-makers. In spite of this fact, most actions are taken without systematic consideration of the preferences of the very people whose welfare is at stake. There are two reasons for this. First, the dominance of Traditional Risk Analysis, with its emphasis on statistics and cost-benefit analysis, has downplayed the role of values and subjectivity in risk management. The result has been that risk decisions have been based upon the erroneous assumption that empirical data and mathematical calculations alone are adequate bases for risk decisions. There has been virtually no acknowledgment that ex ante consideration of the convictions and passions of the public is valuable. In fact, a number of scholars have argued that because individuals become emotional about potential harms, scientific experts should make all risk decisions without any public involvement at all. Another consequence of the focus on traditional risk analysis is that no comprehensive model of public risk perception has been developed. Existing theoretical perspectives and methodologies have not offered a comprehensive model, and each has suffered from limitations of one kind or another. This Article argues that law makers cannot adequately manage risks without understanding how members of the public view and react to these risks. In an effort to provide specific guidance for future risk decisions, the Article synthesizes past risk perception research and theory in order to offer a comprehensive risk perception model. This model should serve as a tool for risk managers and policy-makers, and a catalyst for future normative risk management debate.
Demographic and Clinical Features of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis and Identification of Prognostic Factors: A Retrospective Study (P05.180)

Objective: To study the demographic and clinical features of ocular Myasthenia Gravis (MG) and identification of prognostic factors. Background Ocular MG presents as binocular diplopia and ptosis with conversion rate to generalized MG varies from 40-75 %. There is no consensus on the diagnostic tests, treatment and outcome because of lack of good prospective trials. Design/Methods: Retrospective chart review. Results: Out of 345 patients who had 1245 follow up visits, who came to the university hospitals and clinics between 2000-2011 with myasthenia gravis, 75 patients were diagnosed with ocular MG based on clinical and one laboratory feature: acetylcholine receptor antibody (AchRAb), tensilon test, repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) or Single-Fiber Electromyography (SFEMG). 12 patients converted to generalized MG within 3 years. Out of 63 patients with ocular MG, 30(47.6%) were males and 33(52.4%) females. Average age of onset was 56 ± 12.5 for both males and females. There were 43(68.2%) patients with age of onset above 55 years. 14(22.2%) patients were seropositive. 47(74.6%) patients required small dose steroid (less than 10 mg daily) while 6(9.5%) patients were on steroid sparing agents (Azathiprine or Mycophenolate Mofetil). 51(80.9%) patients have a follow up of at least 5 years. Out of 51 patients, 28(44.4%) patients were in remission on a very small dose of steroid. Age, sex, receptor antibody or early use of steroid did not have any impact of the prognosis including conversion to generalized MG. Conclusions: Ocular MG is a diagnostic challenge because of false negative AchRAb, repetitive nerve testing, tensilon test and difficult SFEMG (time consuming and not freely available). Most of the patients who present with ocular symptoms convert to generalized MG within 2 years. There is no correlation between the rate of conversion and age, sex, AchRAb or early use of steroid. This study has some limitation including small sample size. Disclosure: Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Neelam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lim has nothing to disclose.
Analyze the Problems in Managing Projects

Projects management has become a popular techonology and method in modern management, but there is still much difference between our country's application of projects management and the international level.The author raises some problems in our country's projects management in the current situation in order to make some improvement by discussion.
New concept in serous adenocarcinoma of fallopian tube

输卵管癌在传统上被认为主要是继发癌,原发性输卵管癌的发病率很低,在女性生殖道肿瘤中居次要地位.近年研究显示,输卵管伞端存在与浆液性腺癌有关的系列病变,尤其是早期癌与前驱病变,表明输卵管伞端是多数盆腔浆液性腺癌的起源地,从而在很大程度上颠覆了人们以往对输卵管癌的认识,有关输卵管癌的定义、病变谱系、临床与病理形态等重要概念均需更新.为此,我们对有关输卵管癌的新的研究进展介绍如下。
Will TAFTA Be Good or Bad for the Environment

Using cross-sectional panel data, for 23 European Union members and the United States over the 1995–2010 time period, we show robust empirical evidence of a positive effect of trade liberalization, such as the implementation of Trans-Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA), on carbon dioxides and nitrogen oxides per capita emissions. We provide statistically significant evidence of an inverted U-shaped curve between per capita income and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions per capita. We find a negative relationship between a typical TAFTA member's capital to labor ratio and pollution levels, and suspect this is due to the reduction of its labor force. Most surprisingly, we show that an increase in income inequality may actually help reduce carbon dioxides, GHGs, and sulfur oxides per capita emissions.
Development of a High Density, Planar, Modular Microfluidic Interconnect System

The development of a high density, planar, modular microfluidic interconnect system is described that is based upon the application of conventional gasket sealing principles to miniaturized bulk micromachined geometries in silicon. Microfluidic ports between two flat surfaces are sealed by an intervening micromolded elastomeric gasket that mates to micromachined bosses around each port. The gasket seal construction allows for precise control of the sealing pressure and for insuring its uniform distribution around each port. The interconnect system does not utilize any external fitting hardware and can achieve high density microfluidic interconnects with port-to-port pitches as small as 2 mm.
79. Shakespeare’s Anthony and Cleopatra, III, xiii, 26

(1962). 79. Shakespeare’s Anthony and Cleopatra, III, xiii, 26. The Explicator: Vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 150-150.
Field performance of top-down fatigue cracking for warm mix asphalt pavements

AbstractAs a result of repeated rehabilitation efforts over the past few decades, often asphalt pavements have become deep-strength pavements. Consequently, top-down cracking has become a primary distress type. In particular, the top-down cracking performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) pavements, i.e. how does it compare with similar hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements is largely unclear mainly due to the lack of field performance data. This paper presents an effort of monitoring the top-down cracking performance of 28 pavement projects including WMA pavements and their corresponding HMA control pavements with service lives ranging between 4 and 10 years. These pavements cover different climate zones, WMA technologies, service years, pavement structures and traffic volume levels. Two rounds of distress surveys were conducted at a two-year interval, and the material (asphalt binder and mixture) properties of the pavements were determined using field cores. The top-down cracking performance of the HMA and WMA pa...
FDG PET/CT Assesses the Risk of Femoral Pathological Fractures in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer.

PurposeAssessment of pathological fracture risk is critical to optimize the use of prophylactic orthopedic fixation to prevent pathological fractures. Better prediction of pathological fracture risk is needed. We evaluated if quantitative measures of FDG avidity can assess femoral pathological fract
Response Surface Models to Analyze Nonlinear Group Phenomena

Because of the large amount of group data available today (e.g., online groups, archival records, electronic emails, etc.), response surface methodology (RSM), mostly common in the natural and physical sciences, can be a useful tool to analyze nonlinear group phenomena. RSM typically requires multiple observations on each level of each independent variable, which has mainly been the reason for its nonexistent use in experimental group research. However, the main goal of RSM is optimization, a very common line of inquiry in functional group research. In other words, RSM attempts to locate the precise values of independent variables that will predict an optimal (or minimal) response in the dependent variable. RSM does this by fitting a quadratic and interaction-term regression model and uses a canonical analysis to find a solution to the response surface (i.e., the shape of the predicted response). The following chapter describes the basic mathematical logic underlying RSM and provides an example using groups in the online video game EverQuestII. The code using the PROC RSREG feature in SAS is used in the tutorial.
SIGNIFICANCE TESTS–TWO SAMPLES

This chapter highlights significance tests from two samples of data. The samples have been chosen from two populations. The chapter describes the problem of determining whether the population parameters in question differ. The evidence at hand is the two sample statistics, which estimate the respective parameters. Even if the two populations are absolutely identical, one cannot expect the sample statistics from two samples to be identical. Some difference is only to be expected, purely by the workings of chance. Thus, observed difference can be compared with that explainable by chance, to see whether the observed difference is attributable to chance. If it is, then one cannot justifiably declare that the parameters differ; but if not attributable to chance, then a real difference in parameters can be claimed. The t test for differences in means is used when σ 's are unknown: exact, if σ 1 = σ 2 is assumed, otherwise an approximate t .
MicroRNAs Establish Uniform Traits during the Architecture of Vertebrate Embryos

Proper functioning of an organism requires cells and tissues to behave in uniform, well-organized ways. How this optimum of phenotypes is achieved during the development of vertebrates is unclear. Here, we carried out a multi-faceted and single-cell resolution screen of zebrafish embryonic blood vessels upon mutagenesis of single and multi-gene microRNA (miRNA) families. We found that embryos lacking particular miRNA-dependent signaling pathways develop a vascular trait similar to wild-type, but with a profound increase in phenotypic heterogeneity. Aberrant trait variance in miRNA mutant embryos uniquely sensitizes their vascular system to environmental perturbations. We discovered a previously unrecognized role for specific vertebrate miRNAs to protect tissue development against phenotypic variability. This discovery marks an important advance in our comprehension of how miRNAs function in the development of higher organisms.
Evolution of the Genomic Universe

The rapid growth of the collection of genome sequences from diverse bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and viruses representing all known major taxa allows us to start charting the “genomic universe”, that is the entirety of distinct genes that comprise the genomes. The key feature of the genomic universe is the striking evolutionary stability of genes some of which have maintained their identity throughout almost the entire 4 billion years since the origin of life on earth. Genes are organized into clusters of orthologs which are descendants of the same ancestral gene from different life forms in some of which they expand to form families of paralogs . In contrast to the evolutionary stability of genes is the fluidity of genomes that on the evolutionary scale are dynamic, transient ensembles of genes. The existence of this distinctive organization in the genomic universe makes it conducive to quantitative analysis in search of “genomic laws”. Such analyses have led to the discovery of several universal relationships between variables that characterize evolution and function of genomes, genes and their products. The most important of such universals include the log-normal distribution of the evolutionary rates of orthologous genes; the distinct, U-shaped distribution of gene frequencies in genomes; the power law-like distribution of paralogous family size; and the differential scaling of functional classes of genes with genome size. These universal patterns can be explained by straightforward mathematical models of evolution that consist only of simple fundamental processes, such as gene gain, loss and duplication, but require selection to fully account for the shapes of the observed distributions. The existence of universals that can be accounted for through simple generative models implies that at coarse grain, the genomic universe can be represented as a “gas” of weakly interacting genes although such a description certainly is insufficient to explain organismal biology. Phylogenomic analysis reveals a highly dynamic picture of the evolution of the genomic universe that is dominated by horizontal gene transfer. Nevertheless, a “statistical Tree of Life” can be recovered as a strong signal of vertical evolution.
In situ spectroscopic investigation of a Pd local structure over Pd/CeO2 and Pd/MnOx–CeO2 during CO oxidation

The high activity observed on Pd impregnated MnOx–CeO2 solid solution catalysts for low temperature CO oxidation is investigated through in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments. The change in the Pd local structure on CeO2 and MnOx–CeO2 is studied to identify the role of oxidized Pd nanoparticles during CO oxidation. EXAFS analysis of the calcined samples confirms the formation of PdO structures on CeO2 and MnOx–CeO2 supports. The structural model applied to the Ce1−xPdxO2−δ interaction phase could not predict the second and third near-neighbor coordination shells of Pd. Sintering and re-dispersion of Pd is observed on CeO2 during H2 reduction and subsequent oxidation with air. During CO oxidation, PdO species are reduced by CO on CeO2, forming a mixture of Pdn+/Pd0 species. These reduced Pd particles can be re-oxidized and re-dispersed on the CeO2 surface forming larger PdO crystallites. In the case of Pd/MnOx–CeO2, Pdn+ species can be stabilized during the reaction and no obvious Pd0 formation could be detected. Due to the formation of similar PdO species after CO oxidation on both CeO2 and MnOx–CeO2 supports, the different low temperature CO oxidation activities can be associated with the oxygen storage properties and oxygen mobility of the support.
Face Detection with Better Representation Using a Multi-region WR-Inception Network Model

This paper proposes a multi-region WR-Inception network model for face detection based on the Faster RCNN framework. Firstly, we utilize multi-region features to obtain better face representation and introduce block loss to enable our model to be robust to occluded faces. Then we adopt WR-Inception network with shallower and wider layers as our base feature extractor. Finally, we apply a new pre-training strategy to learn representation more suitable for face detection, and exploit soft-nms for the post processing. Specially, experimental results show that our method achieves recall rate of 85.1% on FDDB dataset.
Priority effects are affected by precipitation variability and are stronger in exotic than native grassland species

Exotic perennial grassland species often green up earlier than their native counterparts, allowing them to gain an advantage by dominating resources early (priority effects). Precipitation variability is expected to increase with climate change, and may alter the strength of priority effects. We hypothesized that exotics will have stronger priority effects than natives, precipitation variability will impact the strength of priority effects, and precipitation variability will impact the priority effects of native species more than those of exotics. We seeded one of five native or five exotic grassland species from the Central U.S. spanning multiple functional groups 28 days prior to a native seed mix. Priority effect strength was determined by how much establishment and diversity was reduced in the mix compared to controls (no species seeded before mix). We crossed these priority effect treatments with three water variability treatments, one low variability, and two high variability with alternate timing. Exotic species had stronger priority effects than natives, and decreased diversity and establishment from the seed mix. High variability precipitation when the growing season began dry significantly increased priority effects compared to low variability and high variability beginning wet. We found no significant evidence for a more pronounced impact of precipitation on native species, but trends suggest future studies may reveal significant interactions. Although future research in the field over multiple growing seasons is needed, our results suggest priority effects of exotics in Central U.S. grasslands are independent of precipitation timing and therefore likely to persist under changing climates.