cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Police discrimination among Black, Latina/x/o, and White adolescents: Examining frequency and relations to academic functioning.

Abstract Introduction Concerns regarding police brutality and violence against people of color in the U.S. remain high in the current sociohistorical moment in which the recent murder of George Floyd by a police officer is highly salient. Although the prevalence and consequences of such experiences for Black and Latina/x/o adults have been documented in the literature, there is a limited understanding of youths’ negative experiences with police. Methods Utilizing a sample of 1378 adolescents (Mage = 16.16 years, SD = 1.12), the current study examined Black, Latina/x/o, and White youths' self-reports of ethnic-racial police discrimination and linked these experiences to youths’ academic engagement and academic grades. Results Black and Latina/x/o youth reported significantly greater experiences of ethnic-racial police discrimination than their White counterparts; nearly 24% of Black youth and 20% of Latina/x/o youth experienced at least one instance of ethnic-racial police discrimination in the last year, compared to only 2.9% of White youth. Differences by gender emerged among Latina/x/o youth. Police discrimination was associated with lower academic engagement and lower academic grades among all youth. Conclusions Findings demonstrate that the greater prevalence of ethnic-racial police discrimination in the lives of youth of color, relative to their White counterparts, mirroring the experiences of adults. Furthermore, coupled with the significant links with academic adjustment, the current findings demonstrate an additional factor that is likely implicated in the Black and Latina/x/o vs. White academic achievement gap.
DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND THE POSTDIVORCE FAMILY: IMPLICATIONS OF A PARADIGM SHIFT1

Over the past two decades, there has been a paradigm shift in the way the legal system handles most family disputes—particularly disputes involving children. This paradigm shift has replaced the conventional model of adjudication with a more collaborative, interdisciplinary, and forward-looking family dispute resolution regime. It has also transformed the practice of family law and fundamentally altered the way in which disputing families interact with the legal system. This essay examines the elements of this paradigm shift in family dispute resolution and explores the opportunities and challenges it offers for families, children, and the legal system.
Multiscale CFD modeling and optimal control of a continuous slug flow crystallizer for quantum dot production

Recently, continuous production of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) has received substantial attention, and has also posed certain engineering challenges. Specifically, an absence of well established crystallization models, lack of batch-to-continuous scale up studies, and unavailability of set-point tracking platforms are the major roadblocks. In this work, we tackle these challenges by (a) proposing a first-principled kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) model to describe crystallization kinetics, (b) constructing a multiscale model to design a slug flow crystallizer (SFC) for mass production of QDs, and (c) formulating an optimization problem for optimal operation of the SFC. Furthermore, the complex fluid dynamics in a SFC was modeled using ANSYS Fluent and was integrated with a continuum crystallization model, which has not been addressed by the previous studies. In the optimal operation problem, an artificial neural network (ANN) based surrogate model was coupled with the multiscale model for better computational efficiency, and to ensure a good set-point tracking performance.
New diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus. New criteria result in fewer cases in older adults

Editor—The DECODE Study Group’s paper on the implications of the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA) recent changes in diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus raises several issues.1 The World Health Organisation’s definition of diabetes that was used in the American report included both fasting glucose concentrations and concentrations 2 hours after a glucose load.2 In the DECODE paper, however, WHO criteria were defined by the glucose concentration after challenge alone. This difference in definition of the WHO criteria may help to explain why changes in prevalence estimates of diabetes presented in the DECODE paper differ from findings in the American report. A reanalysis of data using consistent definitions would be desirable. More important questions stem from the DECODE Study Group’s finding that the prevalence of diabetes in older adults will increase substantially with the ADA criteria. We believe that the opposite is likely to happen. Most people who have fasting glucose concentrations that are diagnostic of diabetes will also have high glucose concentrations after a glucose load. However, glucose intolerance is a common feature of advancing age and often exists in subjects without a high fasting glucose concentration. As the ADA criteria emphasise fasting glucose concentration over glucose intolerance, fewer older people are likely to be classed as having diabetes overall. We therefore agree that the ADA criteria will potentially bias prevalence estimates of diabetes relevant to age, but these estimates will underestimate rather than overestimate the prevalence of diabetes in older adults. The question of whether raised glucose concentrations after a glucose load in the absence of a raised fasting glucose concentration should be considered to be diabetes has been controversial. A recent study showed that isolated hyperglycaemia after challenge in women aged 50-89 with normal fasting glucose concentrations was associated with a 2.9-fold increase in risk of cardiovascular disease over 7 years of follow up.3 More prospective data in older populations are just becoming available and should be examined in terms of microvascular and macrovascular complications as part of the ongoing evaluation of the new criteria.
Self-Altering Injury

Several scholars have recently suggested that under one plausible measure of harm — the happiness of the victim — severe disabilities cause little or no long-term harm. This is because victims adapt and recover much, if not all, of their pre-injury happiness. Yet most people have a powerful and enduring intuition that severe injuries, like paraplegia, cause substantial harm. Legal scholars have tried to salvage this intuitive notion of harm, and they have turned to a single philosophical tradition to do so: the capabilities approach. Unfortunately, this approach is likely to introduce contested questions of value and can provide only an incomplete account of harm. This Article offers an alternative defense that has substantial descriptive support in psychological studies and disability research. The core of the argument is simple: the process of adapting to severe injuries increases happiness, but does so at a cost. That cost is self-alteration. Adaptation often requires substantial adjustments to the victim’s goals and ideals. These goals and ideals are a central aspect of self-identity; in an important way, they constitute who we are. What happiness research misses, then, is that the source of one’s happiness matters. And it matters because some sources of happiness shape our self-identity in such a way that changing them changes us.
Supporting a Coherent Shared Address Space Across SMP Nodes: An Application-Driven Investigation

As the workstation market moves form single processor to small-scale shared memory multiprocessors, it is very attractive to construct larger-scale multiprocessors by connecting symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) with efficient commodity network interfaces such as Myrinet. With hardware-supported cache-coherent shared memory within the SMPs, the question is what programming model to support across SMPs. A coherent shared address space has been found to be attractive for a wide range of applications, and shared virtual memory (SVM) protocols have been developed to provide this model in software at page granularity across uniprocessor nodes. It is therefore attractive to extend SVM protocols to efficiently incorporate SMP nodes, instead of using a hybrid programming model with a shared address space within SMP nodes and explicit message passing across them. The protocols should be optimized to exploit the efficient hardware sharing within an SMP as much as possible, and invoke the less efficient software protocol across nodes as infrequently as possible.
Emerging Market Outperformance: Publicly Traded Affiliates of Multinational Corporations

Publicly traded emerging market affiliates of large multinational corporations (headquartered and mostly also listed in developed markets) have shown remarkably good performance over the past fourteen years. These affiliates combined high performance with lower volatility, outperforming both their local markets and the wider emerging markets, but not at the expense of significant greater downside volatility. Their performance during the financial crisis was particularly good, compared with both their local markets and the developed markets, and especially so in Asia. In our analysis, we suggest two main reasons for this outperformance: improved corporate governance and a stabilizing role of the parent companies. Both seem critical specifically in financial crises. These two features may give affiliates a clear comparative advantage over their local competitors, a benefit that should endure in the foreseeable future.
Implementation of an acute venous thromboembolism clinical pathway reduces healthcare utilization and mitigates health disparities.

BACKGROUND Acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) is prevalent, expensive, and deadly. Published data at our institution identified significant VTE care variation based on payer source. We developed a VTE clinical pathway to standardize care, decrease hospital utilization, provide education, and mitigate disparities. METHODS Target population for our interdisciplinary pathway was acute medical VTE patients. The intervention included order sets, system-wide education, follow-up phone calls, and coordinated posthospital care. Study data (n = 241) were compared to historical data (n = 234), evaluating outcomes of hospital admission, length of stay (LOS), and reutilization, stratified by payer source. RESULTS A total of 241 patients entered the VTE clinical care pathway: 107 with deep venous thrombosis (44.4%) and 134 with a pulmonary embolism (55.6%). Within the pathway, uninsured VTE patients were admitted at a lower rate than insured patients (65.9 vs 79.1%; P = 0.032). LOS decreased from 4.4 to 3.1 days (P < 0.001) for admitted VTE patients and from 5.9 to 3.1 days among uninsured patients (P = 0.0006). Overall, 30-day emergency department recidivism remained 11%, but declined (17.9% to 13.6%) among uninsured patients (P = 0.593). Fewer pathway patients (5.8%) were readmitted compared to historical patients (9.4%, P = 0.254). Individual cost of care decreased from $7610 to $5295 (P < 0.005) for any VTE patient, and from $9953 to $4304 (P = 0.001) per uninsured patient. CONCLUSIONS Implementing an interdisciplinary, clinical pathway standardized care for VTE patients and dramatically reduced hospital utilization and cost, particularly among uninsured patients. Results of this novel study demonstrate a model for improving transitional care coordination with local community health clinics and delivering care to vulnerable populations. Other disease populations may benefit from the development of a similar model. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:430–435. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Abstract 4108: Efficacy of ellagic acid and its major urolithin metabolites in inhibiting growth of prostate cancer cells

Pomegranate juice, in the last several years, has gained tremendous attention for its proven ability to slow down prostate cancer as evident by reduced prostate-specific antigen doubling time. However, a bioactive compound responsible for this action has not yet been confirmed and thus, limited its chemo-preventive/therapeutic potential. Pharmacokinetic studies of oral consumption of pomegranate juice in human have shown partial hydrolysis of ellagitannins, major component in the juice, into ellagic acid which is subsequently converted to various urolithin metabolites by the gut microbial digestion. Urolithins are shown to have extended plasma half-life and are detected in urine up to 48 after oral consumption of pomegranate juice. We investigated the potential of ellagic acid and major urolithin metabolites; urolithin A and urolithin B, that were synthesized in our laboratory, in inhibiting the growth and survival of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, PC-3 and DU-145 cells in vitro. We found significantly high dose and time-dependent inhibition of growth and proliferation of both cell lines by all three compounds tested. Ellagic acid was found to be the most potent inhibitor as evident by significantly lower IC50 of 8.17 µM and 1.57µM respectively for DU-145 and PC-3 cells after 48 hours. Urolithin B was more efficient than Urolithin A against DU-145 cells (IC50 of 17.42µM vs. 73.78µM) while it was reversed in PC-3 cells (IC50 of 92.25 µM vs. 36.96 µM). Similarly, these compounds also induced substantial levels of dose-dependent apoptosis in either cell lines, however, with variable sensitivity. Western blot analysis of signaling proteins to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of observed effects correlated with altered levels of proteins that mediate cell-cycle regulation. P21, an inhibitor of CDK2-CyclinA/E complex that regulates protein elongation and cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase was highly upregulated in compound-treated PC-3 cells and DU-145 cells, while cyclinD1 which regulates G1 to S phase transition in consort with CDK4 was significantly decreased in treated cells in comparison to untreated and vehicle-treated control. Studies are underway to understand the synergistic effects between these compounds, in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results indicates EA and its gut metabolites are significant anti-survival and anti-proliferation candidates against prostate cancer cells and hold a tremendous chemo-therapeutic and chemo-preventive potential, for its high efficacy and natural, low toxic source. Citation Format: Anil Poudel, Manicka V. Vadhanam, Joseph Burlison. Efficacy of ellagic acid and its major urolithin metabolites in inhibiting growth of prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4108. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4108
A comparison of the reliability of the estimated date of confinement predicted by crown-rump length and biparietal diameter

First trimester crown-rump length (CRL) followed by a second-trimester biparietal diameter (BPD) were sonographically measured in 27 patients. Each value was independently used to prospectively predict an estimated date of confinement. The actual delivery date was compared with the estimated dates of confinement predicted by the CRL and the BPD. The mean error in predicting the actual date of delivery by CRL was 7.73 days as opposed to 7.65 days with the BPD. This difference is not statistically significant (p greater than 0.9). In both methods there was a greater tendency to overestimate the actual date of delivery. Contrary to widespread belief, the present study shows that a second-trimester BPD is as accurate as a first-trimester CRL in establishing an estimated date of confinement. Additional benefits of second-trimester scanning include the ability to determine placental localization, evaluate amniotic fluid volume, and exclude many congenital abnormalities.
Dynamics of real interest differentials: An empirical investigation

Abstract Linear dynamic stochastic processes are derived for the ex-ente real interest differentials from those followed by the ex-post processes under the assumption of rational expectations. The technique is used to test the equality of ex-ante real rates between U.S. and a number of OECD countries. The evidence against the short-run equality of ex-ante real rates is overwhelming. In the long run the rates are co-integrated but not always equal. It takes approximately six months for the differentials to converge to their long-run values.
Effect of Follicular or Oviductal Fluids on Movement Characteristics of Bovine Sperm during Capacitation In Vitro

: Mammalian sperm exhibit characteristic motility changes associated with capacitation. Movement characteristics of bovine sperm incubated in noncapacitating (control, medium alone), capacitating (oviduct fluid, nonluteal, and luteal), or capacitating, acrosome reaction inducing (follicular fluid) conditions were investigated using a computer-assisted automated semen analysis system. Sperm were incubated up to 4 hours in a modified Tyrode's medium (control), 20 and 60% nonluteal (NL) or luteal (L) oviduct fluid (ODF), or 20 and 60% follicular fluid (FF). Relative to sperm incubated in control medium, motility of sperm treated with ODF or FF had increased linearity and vigorous motility. Sperm incubated in 60% ODF or FF showed a small decrease in mean trajectory/path straightness and velocity over time compared to 20% fluid treatments and control. Frequency distribution graphs were symmetric for 20% NL- and L-ODF treated sperm. However, 20% FF and 60% ODF and FF treatments had distributions skewed to the left, indicating smaller values for lateral head displacement (ALH) and curvilinear velocity (VOL). Me dian values for ALH and VCL were determined for control-treated sperm, and subtracted from individual sperm values for all treatments to estimate deviation from control, designated ALHc and VCLc. Three-dimensional plots of ALHc, VCLc and corresponding frequency indicated shifts in peak patterns for fluid-treated sperm compared to control sperm. Incubation in 20% ODF and FF resulted in peak shift for ALH and VCL values; yet, little change in peak position was observed in sperm incubated in 60% ODF and FF. Although mean values decreased for ALH and VCL during the 4-hour incubation, three-dimensional plots suggested an increase in the frequency of individual sperm with these parameters. This study provides additional information on bovine sperm motion during in vitro capacitation and indicates that the presence of ODF and FF influences sperm motion characteristics.
The brain and central control in the earthworm

Activity wheel performance was analyzed as part of an investigation of cephalic modulation of locomotion. Creeping speeds were measured during aversive and minimum stimulation conditions, during the afternoon and evening, and for recovery Days 1, 3, and 5 following one of three operations (sham, or ablation of the supra- or subpharyngeal ganglion). A factorial design was used; the subjects were Lumbricus terrestris (N = 216). It was found that ablation (1) leaves animals more responsive than shams to stimulation (handling and light), less active in the absence of an external goad to movement, and more abrupt in increasing speeds when an aversive stimulation (light) is applied; (2) reduces or eliminates the animal's capacity to regulate responding according to preceding stimulus conditions (i.e., ablated animals do not respond to stimulation according to their tendency to be active when not stimulated and they do not differentiate the rate of change of their response according to the length of time aversive stimulation has been applied); and (3), when involving the subpharyngeal ganglion, results in bouts of activity and quiescence on the first day postoperatively, a marked depression of unstimulated activity on the third day, and a lack of the postoperative shift in afternoon—evening activity difference found in sham-operated and brain-removed animals by the fifth day. It is suggested that the cephalic ganglia have roles in the temporal accumulation of the effects of internal as well as external provocations to activity permitting regulation of creeping rates for behavioral integration over time.
O-benzylated thio sugars: 2,3,4- and 2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranose

Abstract The 2,3,4- (9) and 2,4,6-tribenzyl (19) ethers of 1-thio-β- d -galactopyranose were prepared from the corresponding O-benzylated normal (1-hydroxyl) sugars 4 and 15 via the sequence: normal sugar → diacetate → O-acetylglycosyl bromide → O-acetyl-glycosyl ethylxanthate → 1-thio sugar. 2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-α- d -galactopyranose (4) is most advantageously made from allyl 6-O-allyl-α- d -galactopyranoside (2) by a published synthesis. An improved synthesis of 2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl- d -galactopyranose (15) was devised; it involves the selective 3-O-benzoylation of allyl 2,6-di-O-benzyl-α- d -galactopyranoside (10).
Fokker-Planck description of multi-degree-of-freedom systems with correlated fluctuations☆

Abstract A Fokker-Planck equation is derived for a many-degree-of-freedom nonlinear Langevin equation driven by parametric gaussian fluctuations with finite correlation times. An oscillator with a fluctuating frequency is presented as an example.
ALTERATION OF P-TYPE CALCIUM CHANNEL GATING BY THE SPIDER TOXIN OMEGA -AGA-IVA

We studied the mechanism of inhibition of P-type calcium channels in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons by the peptide toxin omega-Aga-IVA. Saturating concentrations of omega-Aga-IVA (> 50 nM) inhibited inward current carried by 2–5 mM Ba almost completely. However, outward current at depolarizations of > +60 mV, carried by internal Cs, was inhibited much less, as was the tail current after such depolarizations. omega-Aga-IVA shifted the midpoint of the tail current activation curve by about +50 mV and made the curve less steep. The inactivation curve was also shifted in the depolarized direction and was made less steep. With omega-Aga-IVA, channels activated more slowly and deactivated more quickly than in control. Trains of repeated large depolarizations relieved the inhibition of current (as tested with moderate depolarizations), probably reflecting the unbinding of toxin. The relief of inhibition was faster with increasing depolarization, but did not require internal permeant ions. We conclude that omega-Aga-IVA alters voltage-dependent gating by stabilizing closed states of the channel and that omega-Aga-IVA dissociates much more rapidly from open channels than from closed.
A test for the equality of K medians against the simple tree alternative under right censorship

We consider a test for the equality of k population medians, θi i=1,2,….,k, when it is believed a priori, that θ i: The observations are subject to right censorhip. The distributions of the censoring variables for each population are assumed to be equal. This test is compared with the general k-sample test proposed by Breslow
An evaluation of the role of ethanol clearance rate in the differential response of long-sleep and short-sleep mice to ethanol

Ethanol (ETOH) clearance rates were determined in Long-Sleep (LS) and Short-Sleep (SS) mice, which were selectively bred for differential soporific response to ETOH. Determination of blood ethanol levels at 45 min intervals following administration of 3.8 g/kg IP indicated that SS mice clear ETOH at a faster rate. Repeatedly sampled mice of each line cleared ETOH more slowly than those where samples were taken only once. A second experiment utilized pairs of LS and SS mice matched on body weight. These were treated with one of several doses of ETOH, and duration of loss of the righting reflex measured for one member of the pair. Blood ETOH levels were determined in samples taken from both members of the pair when the tested member regained the righting reflex. LS mice had small but consistently higher blood ETOH levels in these pairs. The magnitude of the differences between the LS and SS mice in these experiments indicate that clearance rate differences can account for only a small portion of the differences in behavioral responses of these mice to ETOH.
Oxidation Embrittlement Probe for Ceramic-Matrix Composites

A test method for probing oxidation embrittlement in ceramic-matrix composite has been devised and demonstrated for three composites: SiC/magnesium aluminosilicate, SiC/SiC, and SiC/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The method identifies a pest temperature T{sub p}. The growth of an embrittled region from the surface, at T{sub p}, has been illustrated. The embrittlement mechanism involves oxygen ingress through matrix cracks and silicate formation at the fibers, causing fiber failure.
ETHNIC IDENTITY AMONG SANSEI AND YONSEI CHURCH-AFFILIATED YOUTH IN LOS ANGELES AND HONOLULU

A comparative study of 112 Japanese-American Sansei and Yonsei youth in Los Angeles, California, and Honolulu, Hawaii—drawn from the rosters of youth active in Japanese-American church organizations—found no over-all differences by location, generation, or sex. Some significant differences, however, were noted for specific items. Of particular note are the shared (and continued) traditional values of these Los Angeles and Honolulu church-going Japanese-American youth.
Diffusive separation in shock waves and freejets of nitrogen-helium mixtures.

The effects of diffusive separation were measured in shock waves and underexpanded freejets for a binary mixture of nitrogen and helium by the electron-beam technique. The measurements consisted of mole-fraction ratios in the jets, and of partial density and nitrogen rotational temperature profiles through the shock. A number of initial compositions were tested and all indicate an enrichment of the heavier particles at the axis of the jet, and an enrichment of the lighter particles in the jet boundary. The measured shock profiles indicate a qualitative agreement with the theory in that an enrichment of the lighter particles was found in the upstream portion of the shock wave. The N2 rotational temperature profiles were used to compare the heavier particle temperatures with the shock-density profiles of both of the components of the gaseous mixture. Nomenclature A — Einstein's transition probability of spontaneous emission Bv = rotational constant Ci . . . C& = constants c = speed of light d = throat diameter e = electron charge F = constant f =
Trends in the Risk of Vertical Transmission, Survival and AIDS Indicator Diseases among HIV-Infected Children in Southern Connecticut, 1985-1997

Trends in the Risk of Vertical Transmission, Survival and AIDS Indicator Diseases among HIV-Infected Children in Southern Connecticut, 1985-1997
Nutrient renal blood flow and its distribution in the unanesthetized dog

Abstract The initial arterial distribution of Rb 86 following a bolus intravenous injection of the tracer is proportional to the distribution of the cardiac output. For practical purposes, cardiac indicator washout after initial mixing follows a single exponential function up to the time of recirculation and, therefore, delivery of indicator to any organ approximates this same function. Subsequent to initial indicator delivery to the kidney, the net rate of Rb 86 redistribution is small. Renal blood flow directly measured from venous drainage in the dog was compared to that calculated by multiplying the cardiac output (determined by indicator dilution) by the renal indicator content at 30 seconds post-injection as a fraction of the injected indicator. A linear correlation of +0.93 was obtained. The renal blood flow calculated from these concepts was defined as nutrient blood flow. This is necessary, since it cannot presently be determined if indicator exchange between blood and tissue during capillary transit reached complete equilibrium or if there are anatomic anastomotic communications which limit the correlation between calculated and measured blood flow. Renal blood flows calculated in animals awake at the time of indicator delivery are substantially in agreement with the results obtained by other methods. There is an intrarenal blood flow distribution gradient from cortex to medulla of 7:1. Blood flow calculated from the intrarenal indicator distribution suggests that renal blood flow decreased proportionally from cortex to medulla in the resting dog. These results are substantially in agreement with reported measurements which do not depend on extravascular tracer transfer.
Acetone-preserved bank bone in reconstruction of the mandibular ridge.

Abstract An attempt was made to rebuild the ridges of the mandibles in five dogs. The bone that was used was preserved in an efficient, easy, and economic manner. The main problem was to determine, through animal experiments, the feasibility of carrying out a similar procedure in human beings in whom atrophy of the mandible makes it impossible to retain artificial dentures. The five animals were treated by application of a bone graft to the ridge and then were observed for various intervals. At the time of necropsy, three dogs still had portions of the grafts remaining; roentgenographically, however, these grafts were undergoing resorption. The results of this study were not successful enough to warrant application of this technique to human patients.
Divergent effects of antihypertensive therapy on cardiovascular responses and left ventricular function during upright exercise

Abstract Maximal oxygen intake (defined by the highest value observed) during upright exercise increased (P In conclusion, antihypertensive therapy reduces pressure and improves ventricular function, but only when hypertension is complicated by clinical manifestations of disease and noncongestive heart failure occurs with exertion. Lesser elevations of the level of blood pressure in asymptomatic persons can be modified by drug therapy, but exercise capacity is not improved.
Guided imagery of rape: Fantasy, reality, and the willing victim myth

Two hypotheses were tested which demonstrated that, although women may be sexually aroused and experience positive affects during the guided imagining of an erotic “rape” fantasy, women respond to guided imagery of a realistic rape with negative affects and no sexual arousal. The affective and subjective sexual responses of 104 undergraduate women were assessed as a function of sex guilt and random assignment to conditions: (a) erotic fantasy of “rape,” (b) realistic rape with ambiguous responsibility, and (c) realistic rape with unambiguous responsibility. In comparison to women in the realistic rape conditions, women who imagined an erotic fantasy of “rape” were significantly more sexually aroused and experienced more interest, enjoyment, and pleasure. Women imagining realistic rape reported significantly more affective disgust, fear, anger, pain, shame, and depression. In comparison to low sex guilt women, high sex guilt women were significantly lower on sexual arousal across scenarios, and they found ...
Device and technology optimizations for low power design in deep sub-micron regime

This report, based on the most recent analytical and experimental studies of CMOS scaling and gate delay models, reexamines the fundamental design quantities such as driving current, I/sub dsat/, propagation delay, t/sub pd/, and switching energy, E, and investigates device optimization issues in deep sub-micron regime. Empirical I/sub dsat/ equations and device optimization guidelines with gate oxide, channel length and power supply scaling as well as interconnect loading are extracted.
INCREASED RADIOSENSITIVITY OF TUMORS BY PERFLUOROCHEMICALS AND CARBOGEN

Abstract The efficacy of an emulsion of perfluorochemicals (Fluosol-DA) to sensitize RIF-1 tumors of C3H mice to radiation was studied. An i.v. injection of 12 ml/kg of Fluosol-DA (20%) to tumor-bearing animals and keeping the animals in an atmosphere of a mixture of O 2 (95%) and CO 2 (5%) (carbogen) for 1 hr before and during irradiation of s.c. tumors in the thigh significantly enhanced the tumoricidal effect of radiation as measured with growth delay of the treated tumors. A lesser but significant enhancement of radiation damage in the tumors was also observed when the animals were kep in carbogen for 1 hr without injection of Fluosol-DA. It was concluded that Fluosol-DA increased the delivery of oxygen to hypoxic areas in the tumors and enhanced the response of hypoxic cells to radiation.
New Testament Genealogies and the Families of Mary and Joseph

This study explores the differences between the most recent parts of the genealogies of Jesus found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, differences that have puzzled scholars for over seventeen hundred years. These differences do not conform to the types of inconsistencies found in most traditional genealogies. They are more effectively explained as being the products of different genealogical sources. Looking at these recent lineage segments from a genealogical perspective reveals four independent sources: the list of names after Zerubbabel from Abiud to Matthan to Joseph in Matthew 1:13—16; the name of Joseph's grandfather in Matthew 1:15, 16; the name of Joseph's grandfather in Luke 3:23; and the long listing of names between Nathan and Zerubbabel and after Zerubbabel in Luke 3:24—31. These sources were incorrectly combined, with the name of Joseph's father Jacob placed with a list of Mary's ancestors (Matthew 1:13—15) and the name of Mary's father (Joseph son of Heli, probably Joseph ben Elim, a Sepph...
Ultra low thermal expansion phases: Substituted ‘PMN’ perovskites

Abstract Among different principles which can be utilized in a structure to exhibit anomalously low thermal expansion, a ‘distributed’ phase transition is a candidate. Pb(Mg 1 3 Nb 2 3 ) 3 is a well known relaxor ferroelectric material in which such a transition occurs. The change in thermal expansion of PMN ceramics caused by partially substituting various ions at the B-site has been studied in order to see any new low expansion materials with good electrostriction properties exist. Partial ionic substitution of Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Fe 3+ , Sc 3+ , Ti 4+ , Sn 4+ , Hf 4+ , Zr 4+ , and W 6+ was made at B-site. The sintering temperature was kept at 1250° for 1 hour. Thermal expansion data and their interpretations are presented.
Small intestine CD11c+ CD8+ T cells suppress CD4+ T cell-induced immune colitis.

The large (LI) and small intestine (SI) differ in patterns of susceptibility to chronic mucosal inflammation. In this study, we evaluated whether this might, in part, reflect differences in residen...
Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency: Further Verification with 3- to 5-Yr.-Old Children:

The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (1978) was evaluated to determine test-retest reliability and to determine if there were presensitizing effects at retest for 3- through 5-yr.-old ...
Resilience of complex networks to random breakdown.

Using Monte Carlo simulations we calculate ${f}_{c}$, the fraction of nodes that are randomly removed before global connectivity is lost, for networks with scale-free and bimodal degree distributions. Our results differ from the results predicted by an equation for ${f}_{c}$ proposed by Cohen et al. We discuss the reasons for this disagreement and clarify the domain for which the proposed equation is valid.
Effect of C-reactive protein on gene expression in vascular endothelial cells

C-reactive protein (CRP) is significantly associated with the risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease in epidemiological studies. To explore if CRP has a functional role, we investigated its effect...
Reconstruction of planar boundaries from incomplete information

In many applications such as machine vision and object identification, boundaries of objects are used for recognition purposes. Very often, due to poor edge and boundary detection or very low signal-to-noise ratio, some portion of the boundary may be missing. In this short note we present a technique based on the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm to fill in the missing portions of the boundary. The algorithm works reasonably well even if only 50% of the boundary data are present.
Living on an Active Earth: Perspectives on Earthquake Science

The annualized long-term loss due to earthquakes in the United States is now estimated at $4.4 billion per year. A repeat of the 1923 Kanto earthquake, near Tokyo, could cause direct losses of $2–3 trillion. With such grim numbers, which are guaranteed to make you take its work seriously, the NRC Committee on the Science of Earthquakes begins its overview of the emerging multidisciplinary field of earthquake science. An up-to-date and forward-looking survey of scientific investigation of earthquake phenomena and engineering response to associated hazards is presented at a suitable level for a general educated audience.
In vivo 7Li NMR imaging and localized spectroscopy of rat brain.

Lithium-7 in vivo NMR spectroscopy and imaging techniques have been developed at 4.7 T for rat head. The pharmacokinetics of lithium (Li) uptake in rat head has been measured using STEAM localized spectroscopy for the whole brain, which showed relatively rapid uptake of Li and a steady level of Li from about 5 to 20 h. Localized spectroscopy on brain sections revealed no differences in Li concentration among the front, middle, and rear of the brain. The spin-lattice relaxation time showed a single exponential decay for the head. The spin-spin relaxation time for head showed a biexponential behavior. Using a 1H-7Li double coil assembly,7Li images were generated for rat head, as was the corresponding 1H image for anatomic localization. The 7Li image (7-mm slice thickness, 4-mm in-plane resolution) recorded after the last dose in a multiple ip dose protocol shows the Li distribution in the head and neck. Based on 7Li images, the Li level in muscle was about twice that in the brain. Variations of 7Li intensity level across the brain were typically small. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
Hoarding in Children With ADHD.

Objective: Although evidence suggests that hoarding may be associated with symptoms of ADHD, no study has examined this relationship in children. Method: Participants included 99 youth diagnosed with ADHD (and a parent) seen in a general outpatient psychiatry clinic. Children completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Child Version, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Parents completed the Children’s Saving Inventory and Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale–Parent Version. Results: Inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were the only indicator that differentiated those with and without clinically significant hoarding. Symptoms of ADHD, but not nonhoarding obsessive-compulsive symptoms, significantly predicted hoarding. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were uniquely associated with individual hoarding features. Hoarding symptoms mediated the relationship between ADHD and oppositionality. Conclusion: These findings contribute to the grow...
Acoustic waves in the ionospheric F2-region produced by severe thunderstorms

Abstract Radio observations were made during the spring of 1970, near Oklahoma City, to measure the horizontal velocities of ionospheric disturbances associated with severe thunderstorms. The speeds lay in the range from 850 to 2750 m/s. Using the measured velocities and acoustic ray tracing in the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, the sources of the disturbances were located and found to be in the vicinities of thunderstorm cells. The power in the waves usually has peaks at periods near 3.5 and 4.5 min. We estimate that the source power required to produce waves of the type observed is about 20 MW.
Philosophy of Medicine: Should It Be Teleologically or Socially Constructed?

This response to Kevin Wildes's article in the previous issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal addresses several major points of disagree- ment between Pellegrino and Wildes regarding the nature and scope of a philoso- phy of medicine, in particular how it is derived and by what method of philo- sophical enquiry it is best pursued.
Comm.unity: leveraging social and physical proximity

Comm.unity is a new software platform implementing a wireless, device-to-device information system that bypasses the need for any centralized servers, coordination, or administration. A key feature of this platform is the fact that it combines knowledge, awareness, and learning of the user's social relationships and integrates this information into the communication protocols and network services. Comm.unity is designed to work on as many devices as possible, and with as many different radios as possible (WiFi, Bluetooth, IR, etc.). It is designed as a platform over which many different networked applications could be developed with ease, from the bottom layers of the network all the way up to the user interface. In this short movie we present some use cases for Comm.unity based applications, including the "Social Dashboard" -- a readily usable control for one's digital aura -- as well as a brief working demo showing an image propagate across multiple devices.
Graft-versus-yogurt

TRANSPLANTATION Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic transplantation results from alloreactivity between donor and recipient cells. However, the pathophysiology of GVHD relates not only to genetic disparity between donor and recipient but also to triggers such as cytokines produced in
COMBUSTION OF CARBON/CHAR IN FREE CONVECTION

Abstract It has been shown in earlier works that both single and double film char gasification models result in the same burning rate and same char surface temperature for reaction in forced convection, stagnation flows and in quiescent atmospheres. Consequently, comparison of experimental burning rates and/or surface temperatures with analytical results derived from these models cannot identify the appropriate model. This paper presents some analytical results for burning rates and char surface temperture for a vertical flat plate in free convection flow using the integral method. Results indicate that the two models do result in different burning rates and surface temperatures for the vertical flat plate free convection flow situation offering promise of experimentally identifying the correct mechanism.
Supercooling point variability in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract Factors affecting the supercooling point (SCP) of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), were investigated under various conditions. The effects of geographic origin, time under laboratory conditions, laboratory diet, stage of development, age within stage, and season on P. interpunctella SCP were examined. Overall, SCPs ranged from −28.6 to −2.4 °C. At the times of collection, differences in SCP between field-collected individuals and individuals from laboratory sources were negligible. The minimum observed SCP for most of the cultures tested soon after collection was below −20 °C. After 7 months under laboratory conditions, the mean SCP of field-collected and laboratory-reared cultures remained unchanged. No particular trend in SCP was observed when comparing cultures from northern and southern regions. Differences in laboratory diets did not affect mean SCP. Mean SCP for 1- and 4-d-old eggs was similar. Eggs (−24.4 °C), first instars (−23.5 °C), pupae (−22.2 °C), and adults (−22.4 °C) had lower mean SCPs than later instar larvae (−14.4 to −11.6 °C). When confined in the laboratory for 8 months under conditions which were not controlled, monthly mean SCP for the same culture varied by as much as 5.7 °C. Plodia interpunctella appeared to regulate its SCP as the season changed, with a relatively high mean SCP during summer and a marked decline of more than 10 °C in fall. The SCPs obtained in this study suggest that very low temperatures may be needed for disinfestation of P. interpunctella at all stages of development.
Microdetermination of aliphatic amines and polyamines with cupric ion: Relationship between pK1 and half-complexation potential☆☆☆

Abstract The first equilibrium constant for the combination of ligand with cupric ion, K1, is related to the half-complexation potential, EHC, by log K1 = a + b[EHC]. The coefficients differ for n ⩽ 2 and n ⩾ 2, where n is the number of nitrogen atoms in the molecule. The correlation coefficients, r, based on data available from the literature were −0.98. The equations can be used for estimating log K1 of aliphatic amines. Successful titration of aliphatic amines vs cupric ion requires log K1 ⩾ 4 and an initial pH of a 10−3 M solution of ⩾9.
Attenuation of reperfusion injury by the antioxidant n-propyl gallate.

We studied the effects of n-propyl gallate (n-PG) on Langendorff preparations of isolated rat hearts. Perfusion of the hearts with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution containing 20 μM n-PG did not cause a statistically significant change in either left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), developed pressure (LVDP), or heart rate (HR), indicating that n-PG has little acute myocardial toxicity. The effects of n-PG on the reperfused and ischemic myocardium were tested in hearts subjected to 15-min global normothermic ischemia followed by 15-min reperfusion. Reperfusion of the ischemic hearts with KH buffer resulted in the recovery of the LVDP to 66 ± 7% (mean ± SEM, n = 11) and the recovery of the rate-pressure product (RPP) to 65 ± 7% of their preischemic values. The LVEDP of the reperfused hearts was 30 ± 5 mm Hg as compared with the preischemic LVEDP of 5.2 ± 0.9 mm Hg. The difference between the coronary flow rate of the preischemic hearts (15.4 ± 0.8 ml/min) and the reperfused hearts (13.9 ± 0.9 ml/min) was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Addition of n-PG, at the time of reperfusion, resulted in markedly better recovery of function. Hearts reperfused with KH buffer containing 20 μM n-PG had LVEDP of 6.2 ± 0.4 mm Hg, and both LVDP and RPP recovered to 92 ± 4% of the preischemic control. Reperfusion with n-PG did not alter the coronary flow rate, but decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in reperfused hearts (0.71 ± 0.5 vs. 1.7 ± 0.6 U/mg wet weight, p < 0.05). When n-PG was added to the perfusate before ischemia, the severity of the ischemic contracture was not affected. The postischemic recovery of the hearts in which n-PG was added before ischemia and maintained in the perfusate throughout the experiment was comparable to that of the group in which n-PG was added only at the time of reperfusion. These data suggest that the antioxidant n-PG effectively attenuates myocardial reperfusion injury. Key Words : Reperfusion injury-Antioxidants-n-Propyl gallate-Ischemia-Isolated rat heart.
Quasi-continuum orbital-free density-functional theory : A route to multi-million atom non-periodic DFT calculation

Density-functional theory (DFT) has provided insights into various materials properties in the recent decade. However, its computational complexity has made other aspects, especially those involving defects, beyond reach. Here, we present a method that enables the study of multi-million atom clusters using orbital-free density-functional theory (OFDFT) with no spurious physics or restrictions on geometry. The key ideas are: (i) a real-space formulation; (ii) a nested finite-element implementation of the formulation and (iii) a systematic means of adaptive coarse-graining retaining full resolution where necessary and coarsening elsewhere with no patches, assumptions or structure. We demonstrate the method, its accuracy under modest computational cost and the physical insights it offers by studying one and two vacancies in aluminum crystals consisting of millions of atoms.
An experimental study of liquid instability in a vibrating elastic tank.

Liquid instability of vibrating partially filled elastic tank, emphasizing resonant breathing mode and frequency response