cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Charge separation in supramolecular ferrocene(s)-zinc porphyrin-fullerene triads: A femtosecond transient absorption study

Mechanistic aspects of photoinduced charge separation in supramolecular triads, constructed using covalently linked zinc porphyrin-ferrocene(s) dyads — self-assembled via axial coordination to either pyridine or phenylimidazole appended fulleropyrrolidine (Fcx-ZnP:PyC60 or Fcx-ZnP:ImC60; x = 1 or 2), has been investigated using femtosecond pump-probe transient spectroscopy. Upon photoexcitation of ZnP, charge separation from ferrocene to 1ZnP* to yield the initial Fc+-ZnP•-:C60 radical ion-pair or charge separation from 1ZnP* to C60 to yield the initial Fc-ZnP•+:C60•- radical ion-pair, depending upon the ferrocene-zinc porphyrin intermolecular distance, was observed. These radical ion-pairs resulted in the formation of ultimate distantly separated Fc+-ZnP:C60•- radical ion-pairs either via an electron migration (former case) or hole shift (latter case) process. Kinetics of charge separation as a function of spacer connecting the ferrocene and porphyrin, and spacer between the porphyrin and fullerene is reported. In agreement with our earlier study (J. Phys. Chem. B 2004; 108: 11333–11343), the Fc+-ZnP:C60•- radical ion-pair persisted beyond the monitoring time window of our instrument, suggesting charge stabilization in these supramolecular triads.
Native Proteins are Surface-molten Solids: Application of the Lindemann Criterion for the Solid versus Liquid State

Abstract Since the internal motions of proteins play an essential role in their biological function, it is important to characterize them in a fundamental way. The Lindemann criterion for the solid state is applied to molecular dynamics simulations and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction data of proteins. It is found that the interior of native proteins is solid-like, while their surface is liquid-like. When the entire protein becomes solid-like at low temperature (∼220 K), the protein is inactive. Thus, the surface-molten solid nature of proteins in their native state permits the dynamics required for function, while preserving their stability. Comparison with rare gas clusters and polymer models indicates that their thermodynamic phase diagrams have many elements in common with those of proteins.
Simultaneous Moyamoya disease and cervical spinal cord low-grade astrocytoma in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1.

A 17-year-old girl with a clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) presented for a routine follow-up with worsening headaches, left-sided hemiparesis and hyper-reflexia. Her medical history was significant for prematurity, speech delay and mild left hemiparesis since the age of 10 years initially thought to be related to her prematurity. Physical examination revealed multiple cafe au lait macules and axillary freckling in addition to her hemiparesis. MRI brain showed a small right …
Using organizational change strategies to guide peer support technician implementation in the Veterans Administration.

Objective The Veterans Administration (VA) mental health system is in the process of hiring "Peer Support Technicians" or PSTs-individuals in recovery from serious mental illnesses hired as clinical team members. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate an implementation process that has potential to improve the deployment of the Peer Support Technicians to existing clinical teams within the VA. Methods As part of a larger randomized trial called PEers Enhancing Recovery (PEER), research staff collaboratively planned the deployment of PSTs with three case management teams serving those with serious mental illnesses. Clinical staff received significant opportunity to participate in defining the PST role. PEER staff took extensive notes during planning meetings about the discussions held and decisions made about the PST role. Results PEER and clinical staff discussed and came to a consensus on several elements that comprise the PST job including goals for employing PSTs, desired characteristics of PSTs, job duties, training to be provided to PSTs, PST access to medical records, supervision, boundaries, confidentiality, how PSTs are to discuss their mental illness with veterans, and a sick leave policy. Conclusions It is critical to solicit and use input from team providers and leaders when establishing PST services. This approach using input and solicitation can be a model to implement a wide range of clinical interventions in which existing providers and teams will be asked to do something new.
Population and health in the developing world: Research perspectives for medical anthropologists

Because of the health consequences of population changes, medical anthropologists should find many demographic studies of relevance to their own research interests. Using the research priorities identified by the International Review Group of Social Science Research on Population and Development as a framework, this paper discusses opportunities for anthropologists to make significant contributions to both demographic knowledge and population policy in the developing world. The research priorities include descriptive studies, program evaluation, formulation of population theory, analysis of the political processes involved in population policy development, and studies of the relations among development style, population processes and population policies. There is an explicit recognition of the need for studies that go beyond demographic statistical associations, and an appeal for the grounded research that anthropologists are trained to provide. Anthropologists interested in population research should get some basic training in demography. Their most fruitful contributions are likely to be made as members of multidisciplinary teams involved in population research or planning.
Experimental hyperthyroidism in rats increases the expression of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 and stimulates multiple proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle

Muscle wasting is commonly seen in patients with hyperthyroidism and is mainly caused by stimulated muscle proteolysis. Loss of muscle mass in several catabolic conditions is associated with increased expression of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF1 but it is not known if atrogin-1 and MuRF1 are upregulated in hyperthyroidism. In addition, it is not known if thyroid hormone increases the activity of proteolytic mechanisms other than the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. We tested the hypotheses that experimental hyperthyroidism in rats, induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 µg/100 g body weight of triiodothyronine (T3), upregulates the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle and stimulates lysosomal, including cathepsin L, calpain-, and caspase-3-dependent protein breakdown in addition to proteasome-dependent protein breakdown. Treatment of rats with T3 for 3 days resulted in an approximately twofold increase in atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA levels. The same treatment increased proteasome-, cathepsin L-, and calpain-dependent proteolytic rates by approximately 40% but did not influence caspase-3-dependent proteolysis. The expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 remained elevated during a more prolonged period (7 days) of T3 treatment. The results provide support for a role of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in muscle wasting during hyperthyroidism and suggest that other proteolytic pathways as well may be activated in the hyperthyroid state. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 963–973, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High-resolution, dual-platform aCGH analysis reveals frequent HIPK2 amplification and increased expression in pilocytic astrocytomas

Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs, WHO grade I) are the most common brain tumors in the pediatric and adolescent population, accounting for approximately one-fifth of central nervous system tumors. Because few consistent molecular alterations have been identified in PAs compared to higher grade gliomas, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization using two independent commercial array platforms. Although whole chromosomal gains and losses were not observed, a 1-Mb amplified region of 7q34 was detected in multiple patient samples using both array platforms. Copy-number gain was confirmed in an independent tumor sample set by quantitative PCR, and this amplification was correlated to both increased mRNA and protein expression of HIPK2, a homeobox-interacting protein kinase associated with malignancy, contained within this locus. Furthermore, overexpression of wild-type HIPK2, but not a kinase-inactive mutant, in a glioma cell line conferred a growth advantage in vitro. Collectively, these results illustrate the power and necessity of implementing high-resolution, multiple-platform genomic analyses to discover small and subtle, but functionally significant, genomic alterations associated with low-grade tumor formation and growth.
Victimization at school and attitides toward violence among early adolescents (1)

Previous research and theory on the impact of criminal victimization upon attitudes toward defensive violence are inconsistent, both within the school context and in society at large. While theory suggests that victims may become more positive toward defensive violence because of their victimization experiences, the data are inconclusive. One flaw in prior research is its cross‐sectional nature. This research utilizes a longitudinal design in which change in attitudes toward violence from 6th to 7th grade is compared to victims and non‐victims of robbery and theft at school. There is no difference in the pattern of change for victims and non‐victims, although both groups become more approving of interpersonal violence as they move from the 6th to the 7th grades.
Teacher-Centered Professionalism: A Feminist Perspective on Supported Access to Digital Knowledge.

This qualitative study creates a case for teacher learning through increased access to digital knowledge and information made available through the Internet. I ask how reading environments, supported through online access to scholarly texts, might create intellectual engagement and transformative possibilities for teachers within their professional learning communities. This study is based on the experiences of six female teachers’ participation in a research project in a large urban center in Western Canada. Through individual and group interview data, I present three examples of how the teachers engaged in a discourse of social justice. This paper demonstrates the value of providing teachers with digital access to public knowledge through the Internet as a new and distinctive approach to teacher learning that can deepen understanding of the profession within a collective association of learning.
Nerve Transfers for Brachial Plexus Reconstruction

Brachial plexus injuries result in devastating loss of function for patients and present incredible challenges for peripheral nerve surgeons. Recently, nerve transfers have produced superior results compared with traditional interposition nerve grafts for brachial plexus reconstruction. The authors present a review of current surgical options for treatment of partial and complete adult brachial plexus injuries using nerve transfers.
Iliac artery stenting combined with open femoral endarterectomy is as effective as open surgical reconstruction for severe iliac and common femoral occlusive disease

Purpose To compare outcomes of hybrid repair (HR) combining iliac artery stenting and open common femoral endarterectomy (CFE) with open aortoiliac and femoral reconstruction (OR) in patients with extensive iliac and common femoral occlusive disease (IFOD). Methods Between 1998 and 2008, 92 patients (164 limbs) underwent OR and 70 (84 limbs) underwent HR. All patients underwent concomitant CFE. Thirty-day mortality and morbidity, long-term patency, procedurally related limb salvage, and overall survival were analyzed after stratification by iliac TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus (TASC) classification into TASC A/B and TASC C/D. Results HR patients were older for both TASC groups (A/B, P = .02; C/D, P = .01) and had higher Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) cardiac comorbidity scores (A/B, P = .01; C/D, P Conclusion IFOD can be treated using HR with similar early and long-term efficacy vs OR. HR patients with TASC C/D lesions experienced a shorter ICU and hospital stay than OR patients. HR should be considered for all patients with IFOD regardless the severity of TASC classification, particularly in those with high surgical risk. When deciding between HR and OR, one must consider that major tissue loss at presentation is a negative predictor of long-term patency in patients undergoing HR.
Attractive interaction and superconductivity for K3C60.

The ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$-ion optic phonons couple strongly to carriers on ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules and can lead to an effective attraction at low energies. The fcc lattice is a frustrated lattice for a charge-density-wave state, opening the door to superconductivity. The competition between these instabilities is shown explicitly within mean-field theory.
Vitamin E distribution and modulation of the physical state and function of pulmonary endothelial cell membranes.

Vitamin E, a dietary antioxidant, is thought to incorporate into the lipid bilayer of biological membranes. We evaluated the lipid composition and distribution of [3H]-vitamin E in various membranes of pulmonary endothelial cells and determined whether vitamin E incorporation caused alterations in membrane structure and function in these cells. Following 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, and 48-h incubation periods, vitamin E incorporation values were 3.0, 5.7, 6.9, 7.2, and 6.8 nmol/mg protein or 3.8, 7.3, 8.8, 9.2, and 8.7 nmol/mg phospholipid in mitochondrial membranes and 2.0, 4.4, 5.2, 5.3, and 5.0 nmol/mg protein or 3.5, 7.7, 9.1, 9.3, and 8.8 nmol/mg phospholipid in microsomal membranes, respectively. Vitamin E incorporation into the plasma membranes was greater than in mitochondrial and microsomal membranes after 12-, 24-, and 48-h incubations (18.9, 20.8, and 19.6 nmol/mg protein, respectively [P < .001] versus mitochondria and microsomes or 12.2, 13.4, and 12.6 nmol/mg phospholipid, respectively [P < .05] vers...
Consumer empowerment in mental health organizations: concept, benefits, and impediments

This article proposes a framework for promoting consumer empowerment in mental health organizations. Consumer empowerment involves consumer participation in organizational decision-making, program development and evaluation, access to resources, and opportunities for consumers to develop and run services as well as to maintain personal dignity and integrity. The benefits include increased service innovation, responsiveness to changes in the market place, accountability, as well as the enhancement of quality of care, the protection of consumer rights, among others.
Man's Ecosystem

We must start by referring to some astronomical accidents. First, the earth originated in, or settled into, an orbit at a distance from the sun such that, after it evolved its definitive atmosphere, temperatures permitted water to be present in the liquid state over most of the surface, most of the time. This must be a cosmic rarity but was vitally important to the origin of life as we know it. Second, the earth's axis of rotation turned out to be tipped away from normal to the plane of its revolution about the sun. This accident, of course, is responsible for the existence of seasons and thus greatly accentuated the diversity between regions in different latitudes. Another astronomical accident of some sort provided the earth with a moon which, after the oceans developed, was responsible for the existence of an intertidal zone where, eventually, organisms adapted to life in the sea could become tolerant of life out of water and so be prepared to colonize the land.
Hysteretic peak effect in CeRu2

Abstract The field-dependent critical current density J c ( H ) has been measured at several temperatures in the mixed state of a polycrystalline sample of CeRu 2 . Electrical resistance R ( H ) isotherms exhibit a pronounced resistance minimum for temperatures T H c2 which coincides with a previously reported anomaly in the isothermal magnetization M ( H ). The onset of the resistance minimum becomes field-hysteretic below T = 5.4 K.
Soluble Synthetic Multiporphyrin Arrays. 2. Photodynamics of Energy-Transfer Processes

Soluble ethyne-linked tetraarylporphyrin arrays that mimic natural light-harvesting complexes by absorbing light and directing excited-state energy have been investigated by static and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Of particular interest is the role of the diarylethyne linkers in mediating energy transfer. The major conclusions from this study, which is limited to the examination of arrays containing Zn and free-base (Fb) porphyrins, include the following: (1) Singlet excited-state energy transfer from the Zn porphyrin to the Fb porphyrin is extremely efficient (95−99%). Competitive electron-transfer reactions are not observed. (2) The rate of energy transfer is slowed up to 4-fold by the addition of groups to the linker that limit the ability of the linker and porphyrin to adopt geometries tending toward coplanarity. Thus, the mechanism of energy transfer predominantly involves through-bond communication via the linker. Consistent with this notion, the measured lifetimes of t...
Chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer.

Abstract Objectives To provide an overview of chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer survivors, focusing on its pathophysiology, risk factors, assessment, and management. Data sources Published biomedical literature. Conclusion Chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction in patients with breast cancer is multifactorial and possibly related to anemia or a direct effect of chemotherapy on brain function. Clinical observation and subjective reports are useful assessments. Therapies directed at alleviating or preventing cognitive deficits are being investigated. Implications for nursing practice Oncology nurses are important in monitoring cognitive function in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. Nurses who are aware of the risks, assessment, and management of cognitive impairment are better able to discuss these issues with patients and caregivers.
The oxidation of polycrystalline boron: The interpretation of AES and ELS results☆

Abstract The room temperature oxidation of polycrystalline boron has been studied by Energy Loss Spectroscopy (ELS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Features of the ELS spectra from oxidized boron are interpreted as transitions from valence levels to excitonic and conduction band states as well as plasmon losses from elemental boron. The energy dependence of these features is consistent with the surface being partially oxidized with domains of both elemental and oxidized boron. Background-subtracted, deconvoluted B(KVV) Auger spectra from oxidized boron are found to consist of a superposition of clean and oxidized features consistent with this model. We observed some electron beam induced reduction of the oxide surface. The oxide lineshape is interpreted in a manner analogous to recent work on SiO 2 and found to be B 2 O 3 -like. The AES lineshape of elemental boron is compared with those obtained from other second row elements.
Spectral linewidth of light quasi-elastically scattered from xenon along the coexistence curve near the critical point

Abstract We have measured the linewidth of the central component of light scattered from xenon in both the liquid and vapor phases from 1 to 900 mK below the critical point, and compared our results with the predictions of the mode-mode coupling theory. By taking proper account of the “noncritical” background, using independent measurements of all parameters in both the singular and background parts of the theoretical linewidth, we find satisfactory agreement for 0.03
Religion, Religiosity, and the Moral Divide in Canadian Politics

Social group conflict along regional, ethnic, linguistic, and religious cleavages is deeply embedded in the Canadian historical experience. Contemporary analyses, however, have deprecated the role of religion and religiosity in shaping Canadians' political attitudes. This analysis demonstrates that religion and religiosity are significant correlates of Canadian attitudes on moral issues, paralleling the pattern observed in the United States. It demonstrates that the religious cleavage has been a salient feature of Canadian politics for some time and considers whether the contemporary moral divide could serve as a portent of cultural-religious conflict in Canada if a “political entrepreneur” articulated an issue agenda linked to these religion-based differences.
Volume holographic imaging in transmission geometry

We address the performance of transmission geometry volume holograms as depth-selective imaging elements. We consider two simple implementations using holograms recorded with spherical and plane beams. We derive the point-spread function (PSF) of these systems using volume diffraction theory and use the PSF to estimate depth resolution. Furthermore, we show that appropriately designed objective optics can significantly improve the depth resolution or the working distance of plane-wave reference holographic imaging systems. These results are confirmed experimentally and demonstrated for objects with millimeter axial features, imaged from the 5- to 50-cm range.
Introduction: PhRMA's Best Practices Initiative on FDA's Good Review Management Practices

The understanding and use of best regulatory practices is essential to advancing innovation in drug development. The following series of white papers analyze best practices for communication between FDA and applicants, special protocol assessments, advisory committees, and postmarketing commitments, as well as assessing industry implementation of good review management practices.
Resolving sub-diffraction limit encounters in nanoparticle tracking using live cell plasmon coupling microscopy.

We use plasmon coupling between individual gold nanoparticle labels to monitor subdiffraction limit distances in live cell nanoparticle tracking experiments. While the resolving power of our optical microscope is limited to ∼500 nm, we improve this by more than an order of magnitude by detecting plasmon coupling between individual gold nanoparticle labels using a ratiometric detection scheme. We apply this plasmon coupling microscopy to resolve the interparticle separations during individual encounters of gold nanoparticle labeled fibronectin-integrin complexes in living HeLa cells.
“Rule-of-Thumb” Consumption, Intertemporal Substitution, and Risk Aversion

This article reexamines evidence that some 50% of disposable income goes to households who simply consume their current incomes. Previous studies of such “rule-of-thumb” behavior have typically used log-linear Euler equations and have not distinguished between intertemporal substitution and relative risk aversion. In contrast, I use generalized method of moments to estimate the importance of rule-of-thumb behavior and separate intertemporal substitution from risk aversion by using the Epstein–Zin utility function. Using postwar U.S. data, I cannot reject the hypothesis that all income goes to permanent-income households—that is, that there are no rule-of-thumb households.
Multilayered Magnetic Nanodisks for Biosensing

We present the design and fabrication of a new type of magnetic nanoparticles for biosensing applications. In these nanoparticles, two key magnetic requirements, a high saturation magnetic moment and a near zero remanent moment are achieved by a non-superparamagnetic mechanism, the magnetostatic interlayer coupling between two magnetic layers. A pillar-template-based synthesis is employed to produce large quantities of these multilayered magnetic nanodisks. These nanoparticles can fill the superparamagnetic nanoparticle size gap, from 20 nm to 100 nm. Each nanoparticle is detectable by a magnetoresistive sensor which is highly desirable for biosensing applications.
Rosa carolina (Rosaceae) Subspecies and Hybrids in Eastern and Midwestern United States, Canada, and Mexico

Three subspecies of Rosa carolina L. (Rosaceae) are recognized in eastern Canada, the United States, and Mexico, including one change in combination and status and a new subspecies, respectively: R. carolina subsp. subserrulata (Rydberg) W. H. Lewis and R. carolina subsp. mexicoensis W. H. Lewis. Rosa carolina subsp. subserrulata occurs commonly in the western range of the species centered in the Ozark Plateau and adjacent areas, north in the midwestern United States to eastern Lake Superior in Canada, and infrequently to the eastern ranges of the Appalachian and Allegheny Mountains, while R. carolina subsp. mexicoensis is a southern disjunct subspecies of the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeastern Mexico. Two nothospecies are described for putative hybrids: R. ×medioccidentis W. H. Lewis is recognized between R. carolina and R. arkansana Porter in the midwestern United States, and R. ×novae-angliae W. H. Lewis between R. carolina and R. virginiana Miller in the eastern United States region of New England. Synonyms are provided for appropriate subspecies and hybrids. Two lectotypes are designated here, and representative exsiccatae or paratypes are given for the new subspecies and nothospecies. The following names are lectotypified: R. rudiuscula Greene and R. serrulata Rafinesque.
Burst firing improves the detection of weak signals in spike trains

Abstract The detection of weak sensory signals is an important aspect of neuronal information processing. Behaviorally relevant signals are often encoded as perturbations of on-going spiking activity in primary afferents. Here, we show that a biologically plausible model, the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIAF) neuron, is capable of efficient and reliable detection of a single spike added to baseline activity. Detection performance is dependent on the statistical properties of the spike train. For the type of statistics considered here, an LIAF neuron can distinguish between a correct detection by means of burst firing, whereas false alarms tend to result in isolated spikes. The methods are illustrated by an application to electrosensory afferents of weakly electric fish.
Raman spectra of the lanthanide oxalates

Raman and infrared spectral data are presented for the trivalent lanthanide sesquioxalates, M2(C2O4)3 · nH2O, except the promethium complex, in the region from 100 to 4000 cm−1. These complexes were isolated by precipitation from aqueous solution using Na2C2O4. In addition, several commercially available oxalate complexes were examined. On the basis of nearly identical Raman spectral patterns, two distinct structural groups have been identified. The first group consists of the isostructural (monoclinic) decahydrates of La3+ through Er3+. For this group, a linear correlation is found for the frequencies of several skeletal stretching modes versus the lanthanide ionic radius. The second group consists of the isostructural (triclinic) hexahydrates of Er3+ through Lu3+. In agreement with existing x-ray diffraction data, these vibrational data indicate structural differences between the hexa- and deca-hydrates. In addition, unique vibrational spectral patterns have been obtained for what appear to be other hydrated forms of the oxalates of Ho3+, Er3+ and Lu3+, possessing structures different from those of the above hexa- and deca-hydrates. For all of these complexes, the Raman data suggest that the oxalate ligand is tetradentate coordinated to two lanthanide ions. Thus, the structural differences undoubtedly result from the lanthanide contraction and changes in the disposition of coordinated and interstitial water molecules.
The Effect of Cu Alloying on Al Alloy Thin Films: Microstructural Mechanisms That Enhance Electromigration Resistance

The microstructural evolution of unpattemed Al-2wt.%Cu thin films has been examined to elucidate the mechanism by which copper improves electromigration resistance. After annealing at 425°C and cooling to room temperature at a rate of approximately 1°C/min., the micro-structure of the Al-Cu films consisted of 1 µm aluminum grains with θ-phase Al2Cu precipitates at grain boundaries and triple points. The grain size and precipitation distribution did not change with subsequent isothermal heat treatments in the temperature range of 200° to 400°C. Al-Cu thin films annealed at 400°C, a temperature just below the Al/Al+θ solvus, exhibited microstructures in which the aluminum grain boundaries were depleted in copper except for the presence of the pre-existing large, widely dispersed Al2Cu precipitates. Al-Cu thin films annealed at 200° to 300°C were enriched with copper at the aluminum grain boundaries. The large, widely dispersed Al2Cu precipitates remained after the lower temperature anneals. From these results, it is proposed that the presence of copper in aluminum thin films improves electromigration resistance due to the precipitation of a thin film of Al2Cu, or a sub-stoichiometric precursor, along the grain boundaries. The grain boundary phase retards grain boundary diffusion in the thin films, thereby reducing total mass transport and improving electromigration resistance.
Studies on Components of RNA in Cardiac Muscle with Emphasis on the Rapidly Labeled 4 to 18 S Fraction

Studies on RNA from cardiac muscle of rats were performed by labeling the RNA with 32P, extracting it with phenol, and purifying it prior to fractionating and analyzing it on a sucrose density gradient. The major components of RNA found had sedimentation values of 28, 18, and 4 S. Early 32P-labeled RNA ranged in size from 4 to > 45 S. Characterization of RNA from 4 to 18 S showed it to be more rapidly labeled and to have a higher turnover rate than 28 S RNA, to be located, at least in part, in the microsomes, and to have a base composition lower in guanine and cytosine content than 28 S RNA. Labeling of 4 to 18 S and 28 S RNA was equally inhibited by actinomycin. The possibility that 4 to 18 S RNA may represent a portion of messenger RNA in cardiac muscle is considered.
Design and Evaluation of Controller Area Network for Automotive Applications

Now-a-days, as computerization of automotive increases, the need for more/advanced electronic control units (ECUs) is growing. Vehicles are increasingly behaving like computers with wheels. Due to the abundance use of ECUs in cars, electronic system design is becoming complicated day by day. As a consequence, information processing in such complex systems faces interruptions. Therefore, there is a need for a system which will be the connective tissue between a vehicle's computers and different sensors. Controller Area Network (CAN) is such an embedded system to bring communication and connectivity in automobile system together. Optimization of CAN bus is a concerning issue because of the recent demands such as hybrid, electric propulsion, or driver assistance that involves more stringent real-time constraints. In this paper, we introduce an optimized CAN bus for vehicle automation through microcontroller based design and implementation. Multiple modules of a vehicle are modeled using CAN bus. The proposed CAN bus system is evaluated by analyzing the frame response time using “RTaW-Sim:” a CAN simulation and configuration tool. Experimental results show that the proposed CAN system helps decrease the frame response time by up to 45% when compared with a traditional system. The CAN bus simulation platform using RTaW-Sim also helps reduce the design cost and improve the systems quality.
The genetics of alcoholism

Recently, the first genome-wide searches for genes predisposing to or protecting against the development of alcohol dependence in humans have been carried out. Genetic studies in animal models of alcohol-related behaviors have also identified candidate chromosomal regions and potential candidate genes that can be tested in human populations.
Visual space task specification, planning and control

Robot manipulators, some thirty years after their commercial introduction, have found widespread application in structured industrial environments, performing, for instance, repetitive tasks in an assembly line. Successful application in unstructured environments however has proven much harder. Yet there are many such tasks where robots would be useful. We present a promising approach to visual (and more general sensory) robot control, that does not require modeling of robot transfer functions or the use of absolute world coordinate systems, and thus is suitable for use in unstructured environments. Our approach codes actions and tasks in terms of desired general perceptions rather than motor sequences. We argue that our vision space approach is particularly suited for easy teaching/programming of a robot. For instance a task can be taught by supplying an image sequence illustrating it. The resulting robot behavior is robust to changes in the environment, dynamically adjusting the motor control rules in response to environmental variation.
Large Scale Column Detection for Bridge Inspection

Manually inspecting bridges is a time-consuming and costly task. There are over 600,000 bridges in the US, and not all of them can be inspected and maintained within the specified time frame as some state DOTs cannot afford the essential costs and manpower. This paper presents a novel method that can detect bridge concrete columns from visual data for the purpose of eventually creating an automated bridge condition assessment system. The method employs SIFT feature detection and matching to find overlapping areas among images. Affine transformation matrices are then calculated to combine images containing different segments of one column into a single image. Following that, the bridge columns are detected by identifying the boundaries in the stitched image and classifying the material within each boundary. Preliminary test results using real bridge images indicate that most columns in stitched images can be correctly detected and thus, the viability of the application of this research.
Supporting the domain lifecycle [CASE adoption]

CASE tools are notorious for forcing organizations to adapt to a standard development methodology. The underlying assumption is that a universally applicable development method exists and it is up to the organization to conform to that method. But software development is no longer a homogeneous field. As computers are applied to an increasingly diverse set of applications, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the different demands these domains place on the development process. Our solution to this dilemma is to create an organization-wide development infrastructure based on accumulated experiences within application and technical domains, The domain lifecycle formalizes a process for accumulating project experiences and creating domain knowledge than can be used to increase product quality and improve development productivity. Supporting the domain lifecycle eases development of software that has been developed previously in the organization, freeing designers to concentrate on less well-known elements of an application. >
The Politics of Names among Chinese Indonesians in Java

Many Chinese Indonesians under the age of 45 in Java have names that are instantly recognized by Indonesians as distinctively Chinese Indonesian. Such names, e.g., Nick Wijaya, commonly consist of a first name that is English or European and a family name that “sounds Indonesian,” was coined after 1965, and contains a syllable from a traditional Chinese surname. Distinctively Chinese Indonesian names are explained in terms of state and ethnic politics in Indonesia during the second half of the 20th century. A specific attribute of proper names that we call their “duality of meaning”—they are fixed to a person like a label at the same time that they continue to signify as more general linguistic signs—makes them particularly potent for social-identity negotiations. Giving Western first names and using newly coined surnames containing Chinese elements has served both as a form of resistance to discriminatory Indonesian state assimilation policies and as a form of boundary-marking for ethnic Chinese, who make up less than four percent of the Indonesian population. Western names connote cosmopolitan educational and socioeconomic aspirations for many Chinese Indonesians, characteristics that they value highly and perceive as distinguishing themselves from many other (non-Chinese) Indonesians.
Combining 4- and 3-direction subdivision

4-3 direction subdivision combines quad and triangle meshes. On quad submeshes it applies a 4-direction alternative to Catmull-Clark subdivision and on triangle submeshes a modification of Loop's scheme. Remarkably, 4-3 surfaces can be proven to be C1 and have bounded curvature everywhere. In regular mesh regions, they are C2 and correspond to two closely-related box-splines of degree four. The box-spline in quad regions has a smaller stencil than Catmull-Clark and defines the unique scheme with a 3 × 3 stencil that can model constant features without ripples both aligned with the quad grid and diagonal to it. From a theoretical point of view, 4-3 subdivision near extraordinary points is remarkable in that the eigenstructure of the local subdivision matrix is easy to determine and a complete analysis is possible. Without tweaking the rules artificially to force a specific spectrum, the leading eigenvalues ordered by modulus of all local subdivision matrices are 1, 1/2, 1/2, 1/4 where the multiplicity of the eigenvalue 1/4 depends on the valence of the extraordinary point and the number of quads surrounding it. This implies equal refinement of the mesh, regardless of the number of neighbors of a mesh node.
Robustly Collusion-Proof Implementation

A contract with multiple agents may be susceptible to collusion. We show that agents' collusion imposes no cost in a large class of circumstances with risk neutral agents, including both uncorrelated and correlated types. In those circumstances, any payoff the principal can attain in the absence of collusion, including the second-best level, can be attained in the presence of collusion in a way robust to many aspects of collusion behavior. The collusion-proof implementation generalizes to a setting in which only a subset of agents may collude, provided that noncollusive agents' incentives can be protected via an ex post incentive compatible and ex post individually rational mechanism. Our collusion-proof implementation also sheds light on the extent to which hierarchical delegation of contracts can optimally respond to collusion.
Frequency and power windowing in tissue interactions with weak electromagnetic fields

Effects of nonionizing electromagnetic (EM) fields that raise tissue temperature in general differ very little from effects of hyperthermia induced by other means. However, fields raising tissue temperature orders of magnitude less than 0.1°C may result in major physiological changes not attributable to raised temperature per se. These weak fields have been observed to produce chemical, physiological, and behavioral changes only within windows in frequency and incident energy. For brain tissue, a maximum frequency sensitivity occurs between 6 and 20 Hz. Two different intensity windows have been seen, one for ELF tissue gradients around 10-7V/cm, and one for amplitude modulated RF and microwave gradients around 10-1V/cm. The former is at the level associated with navigation and prey detection in marine vertebrates and with control of human biological rhythms; the latter is at the level of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in brain tissue. Coupling to living cells appears to require amplifying mechanisms that may be based on nonequilibrium processes, with long-range resonant molecular interactions. These cooperative processes are now recognized as important in immune and hormonal responses, as well as in nerve cell excitation. Polyanionic proteinaceous material forming a sheet on cell membrane surfaces appears to be the site of detection of these weak molecular and neuroelectric stimuli.
Impact of multipath fading in wireless ad hoc networks

This paper examines several MANET behaviors and suggests root causes using a stochastic model of received power. It focuses specifically on MANET mechanisms most impacted by fine-grain variations in signal strength. Specifically, it examines 1) the impact of MAC retries on performance, 2) a possible cause of excessive route persistence, 3) route stability in MANETs, and 4) difficulties in estimating the mean SNIR in a MANET. It does so through mathematical analysis, simulation and comparisons to published field results.
A visual simulator for a modified p-machine

A discussion of the concepts of programming languages plays an important role in many computer science programs of study. The implementation of a programming language is a topic studied in a programming languages course. The P-Machine is a virtual machine designed by N. Wirth and serves as an example of how a program executes [1]. We present an overview of the P-Machine and a visual simulation of an example program that allows the viewer to follow the execution of the program. Our example program implements a function that finds the greatest common divisor (GCD). The example illustrates how activation records are created and reclaimed. Non-local storage access is also clearly illustrated in our example. The viewer is presented with an archetypical model of program execution that will enhance his or her understanding of this aspect of programming languages.
Comment: Prescription opioids-Misused or misunderstood?

Widespread use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain has resulted in an epidemic of misuse; prescribed opioids are currently responsible for more deaths in the United States than heroin and cocaine combined. An American Academy of Neurology (AAN) position paper questions the long-term efficacy of opioids for chronic noncancer pain, calls attention to the poor safety profile of opioids, urges regulatory guidelines in their use, and calls for more research on chronic pain management.1
A Reliable Digitally Synthesizable Linear Drop-out Regulator Design for 14nm SOC

In Digital Linear Dropout (Digital LDO) implementation for System-On-Chips (SOC), the power gates operate in triode region and are distributed in bank structure. With wide dropout, the current distribution in the power gate bank turns out to be the key challenge. The proposed work presents a methodology/algorithm to distribute the current flowing through the bank of a digital LDO uniformly in a 14nm SOC implementation. This minimizes the chances of possible hotspot and ensures reliability for the SOC.
Precise Measurement of Lunar Spectral Irradiance at Visible Wavelengths

We report a measurement of lunar spectral irradiance with an uncertainty below 1 % from 420 nm to 1000 nm. This measurement uncertainty meets the stability requirement for many climate data records derived from satellite images, including those for vegetation, aerosols, and snow and ice albedo. It therefore opens the possibility of using the Moon as a calibration standard to bridge gaps in satellite coverage and validate atmospheric retrieval algorithms. Our measurement technique also yields detailed information about the atmosphere at the measurement site, suggesting that lunar observations are a possible solution for aerosol monitoring during the polar winter and can provide nighttime measurements to complement aerosol data collected with sun photometers. Our measurement, made with a novel apparatus, is an order of magnitude more accurate than the previous state-of-the-art and has continuous spectral coverage, removing the need to interpolate between filter passbands.
Civic hacking as data activism and advocacy: A history from publicity to open government data

The civic hacker tends to be described as anachronistic, an ineffective “white hat” compared to more overtly activist cousins. By contrast, I argue that civic hackers’ politics emerged from a distinct historical milieu and include potentially powerful modes of political participation. The progressive roots of civic data hacking can be found in early 20th-century notions of “publicity” and the right to information movement. Successive waves of activists saw the Internet as a tool for transparency. The framing of openness shifted in meaning from information to data, weakening of mechanisms for accountability even as it opened up new forms of political participation. Drawing on a year of interviews and participant observation, I suggest civic data hacking can be framed as a form of data activism and advocacy: requesting, digesting, contributing to, modeling, and contesting data. I conclude civic hackers are utopian realists involved in the crafting of algorithmic power and discussing ethics of technology des...
Synchronous Morgagni and Bochdalek Hernias: A Case Report of a Unique Approach to a Rare Finding

Introduction: Multiple unilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) are extremely rare, described only five times in the medical literature. Concurrent ipsilateral Bochdalek and Morgagni hernias are rarer still with only two cases previously described. In all reported cases of multiple concurrent defects, the hernias were repaired in an open fashion, either via a thoracotomy or laparotomy with both of the two combined Bochdalek and Morgagni hernias repaired via laparotomy. Case Presentation: In this case report we have a 2-day-old who developed respiratory distress and on CT scan was found to have a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) or eventration. This patient is ideal for this case report because he meets a lot of the previously established criteria for minimally invasive repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernias - minimal respiratory compromise, no congenital heart defects - and he has synchronous defects which have very rarely been seen before. Here we present the first reported case of concurrent ipsilateral Bochdalek and Morgagni hernias repaired in a one-stage minimally invasive fashion, approaching the Bochdalek hernia thoracoscopically and the Morgagni laparoscopically. The patient had a quick recovery post-operatively and he continues to do well. Conclusions: From this experience, we argue that in the right circumstances a completely minimally invasive approach can be taken for synchronous congenital diaphragmatic hernias.
Putting Auction Theory to Work: Uniform Price Auctions

The resurgence of interest in auction theory owes much to recent large-scale auctions using designs suggested by economic theorists. From the spectrum auctions of 1994 onward, virtually all of these auctions have been uniform price auctions , in which auction rules either mandate equal prices for identical goods or encourage some sort of arbitrage, generating approximately uniform prices. Many traditional auction designs fail to promote the law of one price , according to which identical goods have identical prices. One example is the first spectrum auction – Sotheby's 1981 auction of rights to use seven functionally identical transponders on a single RCA communications satellite. Sotheby's sold these rights using a sequence of seven auctions that produced seven different prices. The first transponder sold for $14.4 million and the prices of the second through sixth transponders successively declined. The sixth transponder sold for the lowest price, $10.7 million, and the seventh sold for $11.2 million. When an auctioneer sells several identical lots, bidders always have to guess about the prices of future lots, so some price variation is inevitable. A striking aspect of the RCA transponder auction is the way prices declined from one item to the next. Ashenfelter (1989) has found that a similar pattern is common in auctions of wine and art, and this observation is now known as the declining price anomaly . Many have attempted to explain this anomaly. One possible explanation is that this pattern arises from a kind of selection bias akin to a winner's curse.