cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Accreditation Movement on One Counselor Education Program: Idaho State University

This article covers a 30-year-long relationship between the accreditation standards and the development of the counselor education program at Idaho State University. Specifically, accreditation's impact on the faculty members as they pursued doctoral study, the years following the approval of the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) Standards, and the current impact of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) accreditation on the program are addressed.
Confirmatory Evidence for Three Daydreaming Factors in the Short Imaginal Processes Inventory

Confirmatory factor analysis is used to determine whether the structure designed into the Short Imaginal Processes Inventory can be obtained in a sample other than the derivation one. The results indicate that the three hypothesized factors are found in this inventory. Internal consistencies are high and a factor structure comparable to that of the original derivation study is found.
The Illiquidity of Corporate Bonds

This paper examines the illiquidity of corporate bonds and its asset-pricing implications. Using transactions data from 2003 to 2009, we show that the illiquidity in corporate bonds is substantial, significantly greater than what can be explained by bid–ask spreads. We establish a strong link between bond illiquidity and bond prices. In aggregate, changes in market-level illiquidity explain a substantial part of the time variation in yield spreads of high-rated (AAA through A) bonds, overshadowing the credit risk component. In the cross-section, the bond-level illiquidity measure explains individual bond yield spreads with large economic significance.
Wave–field reciprocity and optimization in remote sensing

A unified approach to local optimization techniques and wave–field reciprocity as applied to constructing solutions to remote sensing, imaging and inversion problems in acoustic, elastic and electromagnetic wave theory is presented. The starting point is a system of linear, first–order partial differential equations in space–time of the class to which the indicated wave phenomena gives rise. For this system, three types of remote sensing problems — the inverse–source, the inverse–scattering, and the inverse–transducted–wave–field problems — are formulated, and the construction of their solutions via local optimization techniques is discussed. Emphasis is placed on iterative algorithms that are based on a guaranteed decrease in the mismatch between modelled and observed data at each update of the medium. Subsequently, the wave–field reciprocity theorems of the time–convolution and the time–correlation types are derived and their occurrence in the optimization procedures is discussed. Also, attention is paid to approximate methods, in particular to the Rayleigh–Gans–Born approximation. Approximations of this sort provide the means to invoke the method of preconditioning in the process of inverting the operator equations. ‘Exotic media’ (for example, chiral media in electromagnetics) are included in the analysis.
Distributed Controller Design Aspects for Guaranteed Performance

In this paper we consider some design aspects of distributed controllers that guarantee a (H ∞ or H 2 ) performance level. In particular, we consider two design problems. First is the case where, without loss of generality, there are two distributed subcontollers connected to a (generalized) plant and the interest is placed in minimizing the number of noise-free (and dynamics free) communication channels between the subcontrollers needed to provide a given performance. The second is the case where, given specific signals to be communicated among the subcontrollers, noise is present and we seek to guarantee a performance level while keeping the communication signal to noise power limited. We take an LMI approach to provide solution procedures to these problems and present examples that demonstrate their efficiency.
Superior Mechanical Properties of Reclaimed SBR with Bimodal Network

Abstract The correlation between the mechanical properties of revulcanized SBR, total and polysulfidic crosslink density, gel fraction of original vulcanizate, ultrasonically devulcanized, and revulcanized rubber is described. Under some processing conditions the tensile strength of revulcanized SBR is found to be much higher than that of the original vulcanizate with elongation at break being practically intact. A model explaining the increase in mechanical properties of revulcanized rubber is proposed.
When the Fur Hits the Fan (B)

The animal shelter finally found a solution for disbursal of the furs they had received from the public for the fundraising rummage sale. The local wildlife center took them to use as beds for baby animals. The furs seemed to soothe them. The shelter had avoided a public relations problem with this solution, but it had also lost out on a possible $20,000.
Characterization of a Corona Discharge Initiator Using Detonation Tube Impulse Measurements

Experiments were carried out to determine the effectiveness of a transient plasma, i.e, corona discharge, to initiate a detonation in a short tube. A high-voltage pulse generator used a pseudo-spark switch to discharge a capacitor through a transformer connected to electrodes in the combustion initiator section. The resulting voltage pulse (90 kV for 50 ns) produced a plasma discharge consisting of many radial streamers. The transient plasma initiated low-speed combustion, a deflagration, which can transition to detonation if the mixture is sufficiently sensitive. In some tests, turbulence-generating obstacles were used within the detonation tube to promote the transition from deflagration to detonation. The corona discharge was slightly more effective than a standard internal combustion engine spark plug initiating combustion that will transition to detonation. In all cases, the use of turbulence-generating obstacles significantly improved the effectiveness of detonation initiation as had been found previously in Cooper et al., J. Propulsion Power 18(5), 10331041, 2002. The corona discharge was an excellent method to achieve very rapid combustion of the region near the electrodes but additional means appeared to be needed to accelerate the resulting flame to a detonation for mixtures with greater than 40% nitrogen dilution.
Cardan's Formulas and Biquadratic Equations

(1974). Cardan's Formulas and Biquadratic Equations. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 8-14.
A free energy approach to the prediction of olefin and epoxide mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.

The mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of strong alkylating agents, such as epoxides, have been attributed to their ability to covalently bind DNA in vivo. Most olefins are readily oxidized to reactive epoxides by CytP450. In an effort to develop predictive models for olefin and epoxide mutagenicity, the ring openings of 15 halogen-, alkyl-, alkenyl-, and aryl-substituted epoxides were modeled by quantum-mechanical transition state calculations using MP2/6-31+G(d,p) in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. Free energies of activation (ΔG⧧) and free energies of reaction (ΔGrxn) were computed for each epoxide in the series. This study finds that an aqueous solution ΔGrxn threshold value of approximately −14.7 kcal/mol can be used to discern mutagenic/carcinogenic epoxides (ΔGrxn −14.7 kcal/mol). The computed reaction thermodynamics are appropriate regardless of ring-opening mechanism in vivo and are thus proposed as an effective in silico screen an...
Molecular signatures in the diagnosis and management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Purpose of review This review summarizes recent data on the relevance of molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to clinical management and the potential to use subtyping to direct therapy. Recent findings Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry can distinguish between diffuse large B-cell lymphomas arising from germinal center-derived B-cells (GCB type) or activated B-cells (ABC type) with a high degree of concordance. This biologic distinction is highly relevant clinically. The ABC type is associated with a poor prognosis and is characterized biologically by constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway and chronic activation of the B-cell receptor pathway, both of which confer an antiapoptotic phenotype and chemoresistance. Emerging preclinical and clinical data suggest that these pathways can be targeted specifically in ABC-type disease. New molecular techniques may allow further refinement of this approach. Summary Recent data support the concept that molecular subtyping of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is clinically relevant and likely to be incorporated into diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. The availability of widely applicable and reproducible techniques for determining molecular subtype will be essential.
Associations Between Family Ratings on Experience With Care and Clinical Quality-of-Care Measures for Nursing Home Residents.

Several states are currently collecting and publicly reporting nursing home resident and/or family member ratings of experience with care in an attempt to improve person-centered care in nursing homes. Using the 2008 Maryland nursing home family survey reports and other data, this study performed both facility- and resident-level analyses, and estimated the relationships between family ratings of care and several long-term care quality measures (pressure ulcers, overall and potentially avoidable hospitalizations, and mortality) after adjustment for resident characteristics. We found that better family evaluations of overall and specific aspects of care may be associated with reduced rates of risk-adjusted measures at the facility level (range of correlation coefficients: −.01 to −.31). Associations of overall experience ratings tended to persist after further adjustment for common nursing home characteristics such as nurse staffing levels. We conclude that family ratings of nursing home care complement ot...
Defensive strategy against a private label: Building brand premium for retailer cooperation

Abstract We build a game-theoretic model of price competition between a national brand manufacturer and a retailer that also sells its private label. In particular, we examine a national brand's strategy of building brand premium in the context of channel coordination. The importance of national brand's brand equity has been well-documented in many empirical and behavioral studies. We reinforce the argument that building brand premium should be the first line of defense for a national brand instead of aggressively cutting wholesale price. Not only does the national brand manufacturer benefit from it, but also the retailer who sells both the national brand and its own private label has less incentive to promote the latter. Therefore, it can induce retailer cooperation, which is essential for a successful strategy in a distribution channel.
Effect of Primary Care Involvement on End-of-Life Care Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Objectives To investigate the relationship between primary care involvement in end-of-life (EOL) care and health and utilization outcomes. Design Systematic review using MEDLINE and Web of Science. Setting All English literature published between 1994 and August 31, 2014, that included terms related to primary care providers (PCPs), continuity of care, EOL care, and palliative care. Participants Individuals receiving care from a PCP at the end of life. Measurements Study design, subject characteristics, study outcomes and results. Results Of 2,812 studies screened, 13 were included in this study. The studies were mostly conducted in the United States (n = 5) and Canada (n = 4) and analyzed data collected from 1989 to 2010. Almost all studies used different definitions of PCP involvement in care, but in general, individuals who received more care from PCPs were more likely to be discharged or die with supportive care (home or hospice) than those receiving less PCP care. A few studies indicated that individuals seeing a PCP were less likely to have hospital or emergency department admissions, although the evidence for this was mixed. Studies linking PCP involvement to resource use, symptom management, and survival had mixed results or showed no association. Conclusion When PCPs are involved in EOL care, people are more likely to die out of the hospital. Thus, the relationship with the PCP may be particularly important in EOL care, because PCPs may help individual establish goals of care and determine treatment preferences.
To Love Sugar One Does Not Have to Eat It

Sugar holds a special place in both public policy and scientific debate, each of which frequently attributes to it a unique, intrinsic power. A rather deterministic view of sugar is asserted in a range of scholarly fields, including findings of parallels between the brain9s response to sugar and opiates, widespread suggestions of a hardwired human attraction to sweetness, and public health claims that increased access to affordable sugar inevitably leads to epidemic increases in rates of obesity around the globe. Japan poses an important counterpoint to such approaches because—despite high wealth levels and affordable access to sugary foods—it is a striking outlier to global obesity trends. Yet, surprisingly, while Japan9s per capita consumption of sugar is much lower than other wealthy nations, the intensity of interest and cultural elaboration around sweet foods is arguably far greater than in the United States and Europe. Through an examination of attitudes, experiences, and patterns of use concerning sweet foods in Japan, this paper considers the conundrum of how and why Japanese tend to love sweet foods more but consume them less, furthering our understanding of the interplay of materiality and meaning in food and eating, while also addressing key questions regarding sugar and sweetness that have implications for issues of public health and nutrition.
Cisplatin-refraktäre Keimzelltumoren

Trotz der im Allgemeinen exzellenten Heilungsaussichten fur Keimzelltumorpatienten sind Patienten mit Cisplatin-refraktarer Erkrankung weiterhin mit einer sehr ungunstigen Prognose konfrontiert. Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Uberblick uber Resistenzmechanismen, etablierte Therapieoptionen, mogliche therapeutische Zielstrukturen und aktuelle Entwicklungen neuer Therapieansatze. Die Arbeit basiert auf einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche von Pubmed, MEDLINE und EMBASE aus den Jahren 1990–2016 sowie den Kongressbeitragen der Jahrestagungen der ASCO und ESMO der Jahre 2013–2016. Die Mechanismen einer Cisplatin-Resistenz sind vielschichtig. Bei primar Cisplatin-refraktarer Erkrankung, multiplen Rezidiven sowie nach Versagen einer Hochdosischemotherapie sind die Therapieoptionen stark limitiert und verfolgen oft keinen kurativen Ansatz mehr. Die Substanzen Gemcitabin, Oxaliplatin und Paclitaxel (GOP) sowie orales Etoposid stehen derzeit als wirksame Substanzen zur Verfugung. Hierbei vermag das GOP-Regime in Kombination mit einer sekundaren Resektion aller Residuen bei selektierten Patienten sogar Langzeitremissionen zu erreichen. Zielgerichtete Therapeutika spielen bisher keine Rolle in der Therapie von Keimzelltumoren bei Mannern. Cisplatin-refraktare Keimzelltumoren stellen eine therapeutische Herausforderung dar und erfordern multimodale Therapiekonzepte an spezialisierten Zentren, um die Chance auf Langzeitremissionen zu wahren. Neue Therapieansatze, z. B. mit Cabazitaxel oder eine Blockade der PD-1/PD-L1-Achse sind Gegenstand aktueller klinischer Studien.
HCIR 2009: the third international workshop on human-computer interaction and information retrieval

This report describes HCIR 2009, the third international workshop on Human-Computer Interaction and Information Retrieval (HCIR), held in October 2009 at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC. The workshop attracted over 50 participants from across the world and was the largest HCIR workshop to date. The event brought together representatives from academia, industry, and government to discuss research, present work in process, and advance ideas in the area of HCIR. The workshop consisted of a keynote presentation, panel presentations, a poster session, and two guided discussion sessions.
MicroRNA, DNA Repair, and Cancer

Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer cells and one of the underlying mechanisms is probably caused by the failure to repair DNA damages that have been passed on to the progeny cells. Cells have evolved many types of DNA repair mechanisms to counteract the DNA damages induced by exogenous insults, such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical reagents, or endogenous stimuli-like reactive oxygen species (ROS). These repair mechanisms constitute an elaborate genome maintenance system to protect genomic integrity and therefore defend tumorigenesis. Most recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be a new class of regulators that modulate the DNA damage response pathways by targeting the protein components of response machinery. Here, we summarize and highlight the miRNAs that have been shown to regulate the different DNA repair pathways and discuss their roles in carcinogenesis and implications in cancer therapy.
Asphalt pavement rutting simulated using granular micromechanics-based rate-dependent damage-plasticity model

AbstractRepeated application of vehicle loads on the asphalt pavement creates permanent deformations and surface cracks. Simulation of this pavement distress has posed severe challenges due to the ...
On the evolution of the plume function and entrainment in the near-source region of lazy plumes

Plumes occur in many natural and industrial settings, such as chimney smoke, volcanic eruptions and deep water oil spills. A plume function, , is used to characterize plumes and jets. The far-field behaviour of these flows has been studied in great detail while the near-field behaviour has not quite received the same attention. We examine near-field phenomena such as radial constriction, termed necking, and vortex structure formations with new high resolution direct numerical simulations. Four lazy plumes with increasing values of the source plume parameter, , are simulated. We study the evolution of entrainment and the plume function. The original assumptions, that Reynolds stresses dominate viscous shear stresses, do not hold for lazy plumes in the near field. Due to this, a deviation from self-similarity occurs initially and is corrected by a large entrainment coefficient caused by vortex stretching and compression. After correcting for the virtual origin, comparison between theory and simulations shows a monotonic decay of towards pure plume behaviour. The entrainment coefficient asymptotes to a widely accepted constant value for plumes.
Food and beverage TV advertising to young children: Measuring exposure and potential impact

Abstract Children of all ages are vulnerable to influence from exposure to unhealthy food advertisements, but experts raise additional concerns about children under 6 due to their more limited cognitive abilities. Most companies in the U.S. Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI) industry self-regulatory program pledge to not direct any advertising to children under 6. However, young children also watch programming primarily directed to older children and thus may view food-related advertising despite companies' pledges. Research is required to understand the amount and potential impact of this exposure on preschool-age children. Study 1 uses Nielsen advertising exposure data to compare preschoolers' (2–5 years) and older children's (6–11 years) exposure to food advertising in 2015. Preschoolers viewed on average 3.2 food ads daily on children's programming, just 6% fewer compared to 6- to 11-year-olds; over 60% were placed by CFBAI-participating companies. Study 2 exposed young children (N = 49) in a child-care setting to child-directed food ads, measured their attitudes about the ads and advertised brands, and compared responses by 4- to 5-year-olds and 6- to 7-year olds. Most children indicated that they liked the child-directed ads, with media experience associated with greater liking for both age groups. Ad liking and previous consumption independently predicted brand liking for both age groups, although previous consumption was a stronger predictor for older children. Despite pledges by food companies to not direct advertising to children under age 6, preschoolers continue to view advertisements placed by these companies daily, including on children's programming. This advertising likely increases children's preferences for nutritionally poor advertised brands. Food companies and media companies airing children's programming should do more to protect young children from advertising that takes advantage of their vulnerabilities.
Approach to Therapy

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a distinct form of chronic pancreatitis that is characterized by a dramatic response to steroid treatment. In addition to resolution of the pancreatic manifestations, disease activity in other affected organs is also steroid responsive. The primary goal of treatment is reduction in acute inflammation and hopefully to prevent progression to irreversible fibrosis. Initial treatment also often requires management of diabetes mellitus and biliary obstruction. Though initial response to steroids is invariable, relapses are common. Nearly 50 % of patients relapse after initial therapy if no maintenance treatment is given, particularly those with involvement of the proximal biliary tract. Disease relapses generally occur in the pancreas or biliary tree; however, they can also develop in other previously unaffected organs. The remission rates using steroid treatment for disease relapses remain very high. There are several options for preventing relapses including long-term low-dose steroids, steroid-sparing immunomodulators, and rituximab; however, data supporting these strategies is just emerging.
An Engineering History of the JWST Telescope (Conference Presentation)

The James Webb Space Telescope Optical Telescope Element (OTE) is a deployed cryogenic telescope with a 6.5 meter diameter segmented primary mirror that aligns in space. This revolutionary telescope has been the work of over a 1000 engineers, technicians and scientists over the past 15 years and includes numerous technical innovations and first-of-a-kind achievements. This talk will look back in time at the amazing history of the telescope development including the technology, architecture, design, manufacturing, and integration and testing phases. This will include a description of the early years where three fast paced first-of-a-kind optical technologies were developed that helped enable the mission and explore how early architectural decisions played out during the recent test campaign. The presentation will walk through a visual history of the remarkable mirror development efforts, the innovative wavefront sensing and control demonstrations, and recount the intense last two years of integration and testing where the telescope underwent deployment testing, integration with the science instruments, vibration and acoustic testing, and optical testing at cryogenic temperatures at the Johnson Space Center - including through Hurricane Harvey. The talk will end by looking forward in time and discuss how the Webb telescope experience is informing our ability to build future telescopes.
Renal Function after Acute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

AbstractComputer-assisted renal scintigraphy was performed on 160 acute and 240 chronic spinal cord injury patients, and 287 noninjured controls. Concurrently, measurements of global and individual kidney effective renal plasma flow, time of maximum activity in each kidney, ratio of maximum counts to the counts at 27 minutes after injection over each kidney and number of counts in each kidney at 1 to 2 minutes after injection were made. The time of peak activity over the kidney and differential function at 1 to 2 minutes after injection were not affected significantly by age, sex or spinal cord status. Global and individual effective renal plasma flows were significantly affected by all of these factors. Both plasma flow measures generally were higher for male than for female patients. Effective renal plasma flow decreased steadily after early adulthood and, except for the youngest and oldest patients, values were lower for spinal cord injury patients than for normal controls. The ratio of peak to 27-minu...
The membrane sources of macroautophagy

Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a catabolic, homeostatic process that is ubiquitous in eukaryotes and is conserved from yeast to human. The morphological hallmark of autophagy is the formation of cytosolic double-membrane vesicles that sequester cytoplasm and deliver it to the vacuole (the analog of the lysosome), where the cargos are degraded and the breakdown products are released through membrane permeases for reuse. Autophagy is connected to a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. Accordingly, it has attracted considerable attention in the last decade. A major, still unresolved, question concerns the origin of the membrane(s) that contribute to the formation of the autophagosome and the mechanism through which this compartment is generated.
SOME EFFECTS OF FILLERS ON THE DEFORMATION AND RUPTURE OF AN ELASTOMER

Abstract Over wide ranges in temperature and time scale the stress-strain behavior of amorphous gum elastomers, up to and including break, is simply and directly related to the molecular architecture. Since rubbery behavior requires a chain-like molecular structure, the architecture of such materials on a molecular scale must be essentially similar. Differences in chain construction, e.g. in the number of chains per unit volume, should therefore give rise to specific differences in the mechanical behavior which are, even at rupture, independent of the chemical nature of the material. This essential similarity in behavior has been confirmed and so it is now possible to establish failure criteria for both uni- and multi-axial conditions which are based only on molecular parameters. The addition of a filler changes the mechanical behavior in several ways. One of the most thoroughly investigated changes is that in the small-strain modulus as a function of filler content, culminating in the theories of van der Poel, Hashin and Prager. From the first of these theories there may be obtained explicit expression for relative modulus; from the latter two, an upper and lower bound. At higher strains the rubber tends to rupture internally. At increasing strains the void usually advances to the surface of the particle and the rubber pulls away from the surface in a dewetting phenomenon. At very high loadings, or with particles which interact strongly with each other, it may be necessary to consider the contribution of particle-particle interaction forces to the overall behavior. In spite of these complications introduced by the filler, many of the characteristics of the fracture behavior of pure rubbers persist in the two-phase system, often to such an extent that the same or very similar correlative procedures may be employed. For example, time—temperature superposition is often obeyed, the rupture properties are a direct function of the number of molecular chains per unit volume of the rubber phase, and the Smith failure envelope criteria for uniaxial rupture is usually applicable. On the other hand, the presence of the filler also provides an upper bound to a strain failure criterion, since lateral contractions are possible only up to the maximum packing density of the particles.
Informing global environmental policy‐making: A plea for new methods of assessment and synthesis

Practice and research in assessment of global environmental change are dominated by two conventional assessment methods, formal models and expert panels. Models construct a representation of biophysical and socio‐economic components of a policy issue, to project future trends or consequences of interventions. Panels articulate consensus views of policy‐relevant knowledge through deliberations among selected experts. These methods make valuable contributions, but are weak in addressing certain kinds of knowledge needs that are typical of global‐change issues. To address these needs, a set of novel assessment methods is proposed that combine elements of representation and deliberation. These methods, of which policy exercises, simulation‐gaming, and scenario exercises are examples, involve human participants in structured relevant decision and task settings. Relative to models and panels, these methods can more readily incorporate diverse perspectives, can integrate across broader collections of knowledge domains, and can both encourage creative insights and innovations, and provide tests of their relevance and practicality. Risks of bias, and of over‐confident generalization from unique experiences, are effectively mitigated by critical debriefings, and appear no more severe than corresponding risks in conventional assessment methods, or in policy‐makers’ generalizations from historical experience. While serious development and implementation challenges remain, early experience suggests that these methods can offer useful ideas and insights for policy‐making that are not available through other means.
Imatinib Mesylate as an Effective Anti-viral Treatment for Alphavirus Infections

Alphaviruses are plus-strand RNA viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. There are very limited vaccines and treatment options available to those infected with alphaviruses, resulting in significant human and animal morbidity and mortality each year. Viruses are parasites of host cell metabolism and alphaviruses have been shown to increase glycolytic flux during infection to aid viral replication. Imatinib mesylate is an FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used to treat several types of cancers. A hallmark of tumorous cells is an elevated metabolic rate and Imatinib successfully slows metabolism by inhibiting tyrosine kinases that are required to activate metabolic enzymes, such as hexokinase in the glycolytic pathway. It was hypothesized that Imatinib could be used to slow metabolism in virally-infected cells and reduce viral replication. Alphavirus-infected cells were treated with various concentrations of Imatinib and at a concentration of 6 µM, viral replication was reduced by more than 40% while cell viability was still at 100%. The efficacy of Imatinib treatment at inhibiting alphavirus replication was confirmed at different times post infection (6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post infection), different levels of infection (multiplicities of infection= 0.1, 1, and 10), and within different cell lines (BHK, Huh7 and HEK). Further analysis in mouse or other animal models is needed to confirm the utility of Imatinib as a therapeutic option for treating alphavirus infection, but the data are promising and shows a significant reduction in viral replication and may represent a novel treatment option for alphavirus infections.
Anti-CRISPR-mediated control of gene editing and synthetic circuits in eukaryotic cells

Repurposed CRISPR-Cas molecules provide a useful tool set for broad applications of genomic editing and regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recent discovery of phage-derived proteins, anti-CRISPRs, which serve to abrogate natural CRISPR anti-phage activity, potentially expands the ability to build synthetic CRISPR-mediated circuits. Here, we characterize a panel of anti-CRISPR molecules for expanded applications to counteract CRISPR-mediated gene activation and repression of reporter and endogenous genes in various cell types. We demonstrate that cells pre-engineered with anti-CRISPR molecules become resistant to gene editing, thus providing a means to generate “write-protected” cells that prevent future gene editing. We further show that anti-CRISPRs can be used to control CRISPR-based gene regulation circuits, including implementation of a pulse generator circuit in mammalian cells. Our work suggests that anti-CRISPR proteins should serve as widely applicable tools for synthetic systems regulating the behavior of eukaryotic cells. Anti-CRISPR proteins derived from phage can abrogate CRISPR activity. The authors repurpose these molecules for demonstrating genomic write-protection and pre-programmed gene expression circuits.
Plant- and Firm-Level Evidence on

By relaxing the assumption of perfect competition, the 'new' trade theory has generated a rich body of predictions concerning the effects of commercial policy on price-cost mark-ups, firm sizes, exports, productivity and profitability among domestic producers. This paper critically assesses the plant- and firm-level evidence on these linkages. Several robust findings are identified. First, mark-ups generally fall with import competition, but it is not clear whether this phenomenon reflect the elimination of market power or the creation of negative economic profits. Second, import-competing firms cut back their production levels when foreign competition intensifies, at least in the short run. This suggests that sunk entry or exit costs are important in most sectors. Third, trade rationalizes production in the sense that markets for the most efficient plants are expanded, but large import-competing firms tend to simultaneously contract. Fourth exposure to foreign competition often improves intra-plant efficiency. Fifth, firms that engage in international activities tend to be larger, more productive, and supply higher quality products. However the literature is mixed on whether international activities cause these characteristics or vice versa. Finally, the short-run and long-run effects of commercial policy on exports and market structure can be quite different. Both types of response depend upon initial conditions, sunk entry costs, and the extent of firm heterogeneity.
Theses and Dissertations Completed in Home Economics 1985

The purpose of this study was to compile a listing of theses and dissertations completed in home economics in colleges and universities in the United States during 1985. The 885 titles received from 73 institutions are listed by subject matter and degree; and the author, institution, and availability of the document are reported. Information about graduate research in home economics is summa rized through presentations of totals for each institution, by subject matter cate gories, and through rankings for the institutions reporting the largest numbers of theses and dissertations. Of all the titles, 26 percent were for dissertations. The largest number of titles was reported in nutrition, and family relations ranked second. In comparison to the titles reported in 1983 and 1984, the percentage of dissertations was similar (25% vs. 26%) and the subject matter areas with the largest numbers of titles were the same.
Consumers’ Purchase Intentions of Bi-national Products: Effects of Country-of-Brand, Country-of-Manufacture, and Trusting Beliefs

The prevalence of bi-national products necessitates decomposing of COO into its dimensions—country-of-brand (COB) and country-of-manufacture (COM)—to enable a fuller understanding of how COO affect...
On creating ethical, productive, and durable research partnerships with police officers and their departments: a case study of the National Justice Database

Translational policing science must begin with explicitly communicated research aims and a shared vision for promoting safety. For researchers to approach police departments without first consideri...
Comparing Mindfulness and Positivity Trainings in High-Demand Cohorts

Attention and working memory are at risk of degradation over intensive intervals in groups engaged in highly demanding jobs. Accordingly, there is great interest in identifying training regimes to promote cognitive resilience in such populations. Herein, US Army Soldiers were assigned to either an 8-week, 16-h mindfulness training (MT) program (n = 40) or to a well-matched active comparison program involving positivity training (PT, n = 40), during an intensive interval of predeployment training. Working memory (WM) and sustained attention task performance, as well as self-reported positive and negative trait affect, were assessed at study onset (T1) and at the end of the MT/PT program interval (T2). Positive and negative trait affect did not change over time or differ across training groups. Yet, overall decline in cognitive task performance was observed from T1 to T2. Importantly, the MT group demonstrated significantly less decline in cognitive task performance relative to the PT group, suggesting better protection from cognitive degradation over time. Based on these results, we argue that MT should be further explored as a cognitive resilience-building tool in high-demand cohorts.
5 – Reaction Rates

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on reaction rates. The chance of interaction of any two particles depends on the nature of the force between them. Two charged particles, such as electrons or protons, will influence each other somewhat, no matter how far they are apart. On the other hand, two atoms, which are each neutral because of the equality of electronic and nuclear charge, will not interact appreciably until they get close to each other—around 10-8 cm. The special force between nucleons is similarly limited to small distances of separation—around 10-13 cm. The cross section for neutron absorption in materials depends greatly on the isotope bombarded and on the neutron energy. For consistent comparison and use, the cross section is often cited at 0.0253 eV, corresponding to neutron speed 2200 m/sec. Values for absorption cross sections for a number of isotopes at that energy are listed in order of increasing size in a tabulated form in the chapter.
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on PhysicoChemical Properties and Acoustic-Based Amination of Biochar for Efficient CO2 Adsorption

The present study examined the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the physicochemical properties of biochar, activation process and carbon capture. Two different categories of biochars were synthesized from herbaceous (miscanthus and switchgrass) or agro-industrial (corn stover and sugarcane bagasse) feedstock under four different pyrolysis temperatures- 500, 600, 700 and 800 oC. The synthesized biochars underwent sono-amination activation comprising low-frequency acoustic treatment followed by amine functionalization to prepare adsorbents for CO2 capture. As per the elemental analysis, the elevated pyrolysis temperature resulted in increased %C and %ash contents and reduced %N contents of biochar. The textural analysis exhibited almost 3-times enhancement of micro surface area and pore volume upon increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 500 to 700 oC, though further increase to 800 oC reduced the micro-porosity and the surface area. The intermediate temperatures of 600 and 700 oC revealed the highest interactions with ultrasound-amination, which significantly intensified CO2 adsorption. Accordingly, the CO2 capture capacity of sono-aminated biochars synthesized at 600 and 700 oC were almost 200% greater than that of raw biochars. There were 127-159% and 115-151% increases in adsorption capacity of biochars synthesized at 800 and 500 oC upon ultrasono-amine functionalization. Miscanthus biochar synthesized at 700 oC and treated sono-chemically demonstrated the highest adsorption ability of 2.89 mmol/g at 70 oC and 0.10 atm partial pressure, which is 211% higher than its pristine condition. The superior adsorption capacity of miscanthus (at 700 oC) can be attributed to its large surface area (324.35 m2/g), high carbon content (84%), and low ash content (4.9%), as well as its %N content after sono-amination that was twice that of raw char.
Integrating Social and Activity Utilities to Explain Consumption: An Abstract

As they shop and consume, individuals spend time with friends and significant others. As generalized as joint consumption is thought, most studies to date focus only on its consequences. Research has paid little attention to its antecedents and neglected the possibility that both being with others (companionship) and shopping may provide consumers with distinct but, crucially, related benefits.
On-orbit calibration of geostationary electron and proton flux observations for augmentation of an existing empirical radiation model

Challenges faced in the quantitative use of long-term radiation belt data sets include establishing their relative accuracy and correcting for on-orbit degradation. An existing empirical model of energetic plasmas (0.001–40 keV) in geosynchronous orbit has been extended in energy to several hundred keV by incorporating observations from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 13 and 15 magnetospheric electron detector (MAGED) and magnetospheric proton detector (MAGPD). In order to ensure the accuracy of this energy range extension, the following steps were taken: (1) removing noise bursts; (2) intra-calibrating the nine solid state telescopes comprising each MAGED or MAGPD; (3) cross-calibrating GOES 13 and 15; and (4) cross-calibrating magnetospheric plasma analyzer (MPA) and GOES fluxes, the necessary final step in augmenting an MPA-based model with GOES data. The MAGED and MPA electron fluxes were demonstrated to agree well at the energy (40 keV) where they overlap, while the MAGPD proton fluxes exhibited a severe long-term degradation compared to MPA. This problem is related to the well-known long-term degradation of the proton fluxes from the similar medium energy proton and electron detector (MEPED) proton telescopes on the POES and Metop satellites in low-Earth orbit. Results of this on-orbit calibration work are used to reconsider long-standing hypotheses about the cause of degradation in similar proton telescopes.
Racial disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease clinical trial enrollment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Racial disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease clinical trial enrollment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Microneedle arrays for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Chronic wounds are seen frequently in diabetic and bedbound patients. Such skin injuries, which do not heal in a timely fashion, can lead to life-threatening conditions. In an effort to resolve the...
The Development of Self-Trust in DBS Patients.

Schonau et al. (2021) provides essential concepts and methodological tools for examining the complex interactions that emerge between neurotechnology and an individual’s agency. The authors describ...
FURTHER PROBLEMATIZING THE #METOO MOVEMENT

Critics of the #MeToo movement claim that it has gone too far, that not enough hierarchies of abuse have been created to distinguish between the worst kinds of behaviors and those that are problematic but not criminal. The contention is that the #MeToo movement casts too wide a net. In this paper, I make an argument to the contrary: the #MeToo movement has not gone far enough in calling out the totality of abuse women, and some men, face daily. Left outside of the sexual harassment paradigm is gender-based sexual harassment that is not imbued with sexuality but nonetheless happens because of a person’s sex. I advance two related claims. First, the history of how we came to our current understanding of sexual harassment shows the sexualization of sexual harassment occurred because of political, legal, and practical reasons. Nothing confines us to our current view. Second, I argue against the position that sexual harassment is sui generis from gender-based harassment; rather, both emanate from the same psychological states and are thus on a continuum. I conclude by connecting the prevalence of quid pro quo forms of harassment to gender-based harassment to show that if we do not expose and attempt to end the latter, it is unlikely we will make inroads in preventing the former. It is incumbent upon proponents of the #MeToo movement to use a more expansive definition of this phenomenon.
Complexes of 2,6-diacetylpyridine dihydrazone with middle and late first row transition metals

Abstract A study of the transition metal chemistry with the planar tridentate ligand 2,6-diacetylpyridine dihydrazone (1, DAPH) is presented, expanding the chemistry of this ligand across the first row of the transition metals. Ligand 1 forms both 1:1 and homoleptic 2:1 complexes with transition metal ions, depending on the metal salt used and reaction conditions, and seven new complexes with Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn are presented. All compounds, including the ligand, have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. DAPH (1) binds to metal ions in an asymmetric fashion, with a M–Npyr bond that is shorter than the flanking M–Nimine bonds. Additionally, the Nimine–M–Nimine bonds form acute angles ranging from ~ 140 to 160°, depending on the identity of the metal ion and ligand environment. All compounds are compared with previously elucidated DAPH structures from the literature.
Variation in soil moisture and N availability modulates carbon and water exchange in a California grassland experiment

Variation in soil moisture and N availability modulates carbon and water exchange in a California grassland experiment Samuel B. St.Clair 1,5 , Erika Sudderth 2 , Marc Fischer 3 , Margaret Torn 3 , Stephanie Stuart 2 , Rohit Salve 3 , Dennis Eggett 4 , David Ackerly 2,3 Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA Corresponding author, email: stclair@byu.edu, Tel: 801-422-5725, Fax: 801-422-0008 Keywords: climate change, drought, ecosystem, fluxes, gas exchange, photosynthesis, precipitation, pulse, respiration, transpiration. Running title: water and N regulation of grassland gas fluxes