cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Political Philosophy and Punishment

Modern analytical political philosophy—characterized most notably by the work of John Rawls—has had very little to say about how punishment in particular and criminal law more generally might be justified. This is a puzzling omission, as punishment can be seen as the most serious use of coercive state power and therefore the one in greatest need of philosophical justification. With the idea of filling this gap, this chapter analyzes several major political theories of recent decades and examines how criminal justice might fit into their thought. After discussing the various political theories of libertarianism, liberalism, communitarianism, Marxism, and republicanism, I offer a limited defense of one such theory, Rawls’s “political liberalism,” as offering a suitable way to approach issues of criminal justice and punishment in modern society. More broadly, my chapter invites political philosophers to speak more often and more specifically about how criminal justice fits within their theories.
Outcomes of Sarcoma Resections Requiring Vascular Surgical Assistance: A Single-Center Experience.

Objective: To describe the types of intervention and determine patency and survival after arterial and venous reconstruction after surgical excision of sarcomas. Methods: Between November 2001 and ...
Identification of two distinct heparin cofactors in human plasma. Separation and partial purification.

Abstract Two distinct components having potent heparin cofactor activity have been separated from human blood plasma and partially purified by means of precipitation with polyethylene glycol, adsorption on Al(OH)3 gel and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite. The first component, cofactor A, is distinguished from the second, cofactor B, by its very low activity in the progressive antithrombin assay. Ion exchange rechromatography experiments indicate that cofactors A and B are not interconvertible, and that neither is an artifact of the polyethylene glycol precipitation step. Molecular weights, estimated by gel filtration were found to be 105,000 and 87,000 daltons for cofactors A and B respectively. Except for the molecular weight, the bulk of evidence suggests that cofactor B and the antithrombin III purified by Abildgaard (3) are identical.
Employment concerns experienced by ovarian cancer patients and caregivers.

69Background: Our aim was to obtain patient input on the impact of cancer treatment on employment. Methods: We recruited patients with ovarian cancer receiving systemic therapy who screened positiv...
Readmissions and perioperative outcomes for same-day versus next-day discharge after prolapse surgery.

We aimed to evaluate the safety of same-day discharge (SDD) compared with next-day discharge (NDD) after prolapse surgery on a national level hypothesizing that readmission and complication rates after SDD would not be higher than NDD. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database including 2014-2018. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify minimally invasive apical suspensions or obliterative procedures. Exclusion criteria were length of stay > 1 day, unrelated concomitant procedures, serious medical comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class >2, and complication during index admission. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission, and secondary outcomes included 30-day complications. 12,583 were included in analysis. SDD rate was 16.7%. The majority of women were white (91%) with a mean age of 59 years and mean body mass index of 28 kg/m². Medical comorbidities were similar between the SDD and NDD groups. Overall incidence of 30-day readmission was 1.7%. SDD had lower odds of 30-day readmission than NDD (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41–0.98). SDD had lower odds of 30-day complications but this failed to reach statistical significance (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.44–1.03). In this cohort, 30-day readmission and complication rates were not higher after SDD compared to NDD in women undergoing minimally-invasive apical suspension or obliterative procedures. We interpret these findings carefully given study limitations but believe our findings support the safety of SDD after minimally invasive apical suspension or obliterative procedures in a low-risk population.
Hash-Enabled Garbling and the Insecurity of Free-Hashing Garbled Circuits

Hashing garbled circuits is an important, albeit expensive, bandwidth- saving technique that can be an order-of-magnitude slower than generating garbled circuits. In a recent work, Fan et al. (EURO- CRYPT, 2017) proposed a method to produce GC-hashes with- out any calls to expensive collision-resistant hash functions. They showed experimentally that the overhead of hashing GCs can be eliminated almost entirely. In this paper, we identify several security flaws in their approach. (1) We show some fundamental weakness in the notion of hash-security, which makes it impossible to support any existing malicious GC-hash-based cut-and-choose protocols. (2) Although the concept of hash-security could be useful in certain scenarios, we show (with concrete attacks) that the Free-Hash construction given in their paper is not really hash-secure. As a positive result of this work, we propose and formalize the concept of hash-enabled garbling and show how an actively-secure 2PC protocol can be constructed with black-box use of any hash- enabled garbling scheme. This is the first time when the use of GC-hashes in any cut-and-choose protocols is formally examined and rigorously proved secure. Our protocol allows to leverage GC- hashes to save bandwidth while minimizing the cut-and-choose duplication factor, i.e., using s (instead of 3s) copies of GCs to achieve 2-s statistical security.
Central Vestibular Functions Correlate with Fatigue and Walking Capacity in People with Multiple Sclerosis

Objective Imbalance and fatigue are among the most common and disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Vestibular rehabilitation studies demonstrate not only improvements in balance but fatigue also, suggesting a relationship between central vestibular integration and fatigue. The objective of this study was to determine whether the relationship between balance and fatigue in people with MS is seen between other measures of central vestibular integration and fatigue and to understand how central vestibular integration measures interrelate. Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of 40 people with MS (ages of 27-55 years, Expanded Disability Severity Scale score of 1.0-6.5) who completed vestibular ocular reflex testing, subjective visual vertical testing, static posturography, dynamic gait, 2 self-report fatigue surveys, and a 6-Minute Walk Test to assess walking capacity/physical fatigue was completed. Spearman correlations were calculated between variables. Results Measures of central vestibular integration were significantly correlated with measures of fatigue and walking capacity and with each other. The correlations between physical fatigue and central vestibular functions were larger than self-reported fatigue correlations with central vestibular functions. Conclusion The relationship between balance and fatigue extends to other measures requiring central vestibular integration, suggesting a deficit in central vestibular processing in people with MS. These measures may compliment balance assessment as outcome measures for vestibular rehabilitation in people with MS. Fatigue measures should be included in vestibular rehabilitation as secondary outcomes. Impact Correlations between central vestibular integration and fatigue in people with MS suggest that future studies of vestibular rehabilitation should include fatigue as a secondary outcome measure as vestibular function and fatigue may share similar a similar etiology in people with MS.
Co-delivery of novel bispecific and trispecific engagers by an amplicon vector augments the therapeutic effect of an HSV-based oncolytic virotherapy.

Background Although oncolytic virotherapy has shown substantial promises as a new treatment modality for many malignancies, further improvement on its therapeutic efficacy will likely bring more clinical benefits. One plausible way of enhancing the therapeutic effect of virotherapy is to enable it with the ability to concurrently engage the infiltrating immune cells to provide additional antitumor mechanisms. Here, we report the construction and evaluation of two novel chimeric molecules (bispecific chimeric engager proteins, BiCEP and trispecific chimeric engager protein, TriCEP) that can engage both natural killer (NK) and T cells with tumor cells for enhanced antitumor activities. Methods BiCEP was constructed by linking orthopoxvirus major histocompatibility complex class I-like protein, which can selectively bind to NKG2D with a high affinity to a mutant form of epidermal growth factor (EGF) that can strongly bind to EGF receptor. TriCEP is similarly constructed except that it also contains a modified form of interleukin-2 that can only function as a tethered form. As NKG2D is expressed on both NK and CD8+ T cells, both of which can thus be engaged by BiCEP and TriCEP. Results Both BiCEP and TriCEP showed the ability to engage NK and T cells to kill tumor cells in vitro. Coadministration of BiCEP and TriCEP with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus enhanced the overall antitumor effect. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that TriCEP not only engaged NK and T cells to kill tumor cells, it also promotes the infiltration and activation of these important immune cells. Conclusions These novel chimeric molecules exploit the ability of the oncolytic virotherapy in altering the tumor microenvironment with increased infiltration of important immune cells such as NK and T cells for cancer immunotherapy. The ability of BiCEP and TriCEP to engage both NK and T cells makes them an ideal choice for arming an oncolytic virotherapy.
Linking Engineering Students’ Professional Identity Development to Diversity and Working Inclusively in Technical Courses

AbstractDespite growing efforts, diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives have yet to address long-standing engineering participation disparities. Often, diversity and inclusion issues, along w...
Manganese uptake by red maples in response to mineral dissolution rates in soil

Manganese (Mn) is an essential plant micronutrient that influences photosynthesis, ecosystem productivity, and soil carbon storage. Our objective was to quantify how Mn uptake by forest vegetation relates to Mn release into soil solution through mineral dissolution. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to quantify Mn uptake by red maple saplings as a function of mineral solubility to test whether Mn uptake was limited by the supply of Mn to soil solution. Differences in soil microbial community composition between treatments, particularly amongst Mn cycling bacteria and fungi, were also evaluated to assess potential microbial impacts on observed Mn fluxes. Plant Mn uptake was highest in systems supplied with dissolved Mn(II) because it was not kinetically limited by mineral weathering. Mn uptake was also higher in systems supplied with a fast-weathering substrate (shale containing Mn(II)-bearing pyrite) than a slow-weathering substrate (Mn(IV)-oxide). However, vegetation accumulated a decreasing proportion of available Mn with increasing solubility, indicating that uptake was tempered relative to solubility. The presence of bacterial phyla containing known Mn-oxidizing bacteria indicates the potential for Mn-oxidizing bacteria to influence Mn solubility within Mn-oxide and dissolved Mn treatments. A relatively low abundance of these bacteria points to their limited capacity to oxidize and retain Mn in the shale treatments, consistent with substantial Mn leaching. We conclude that Mn uptake was primarily controlled by dissolution rates of Mn-bearing minerals but modified by biological processes. The quantitative framework presented here can guide understanding of how biogeochemical processes control element cycling between plants and soils.
An Arithemetic Model of Gravity

The immediate purpose of this chapter is to provide students and teachers of mathematics with a completely arithmetic formulation for the study of gravity. Shocking as it first may seem, all the results usually inferred by means of the calculus will be deduced using only the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. A course in high school intermediate algebra, which may even be taken concurrently, is the only prerequisite for a complete understanding of all the ideas and results to be developed. For the reader who may wish, in addition, to explore arithmetic models of more complex physical forces, a concise survey and related references are provided in Sections 3 and 4, respectively.
Proteomics Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease: New Insights into Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration

Publisher Summary Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline and aging. A number of proteins are oxidatively modified in AD brain.The expression of many proteins is altered in the AD brain, resulting in a cascade of potential alterations of multiple pathways within the brain. The relationship between these pathways maintains a balance between neuronal survival and neuronal death. The coupling of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and improvement of mass spectrometry (MS) techniques has allowed for the rapid screening and identification of proteins. The tools that have made proteomics possible as well as their application to AD are discussed. The tools for proteomics are: (1) 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; (2) nontraditional proteomics [2D-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), isotope-coded affinity tags, protein phosphorylation, and membrane proteins]; (3) mass spectrometry (MALDI, ESI LC-MS and SELDI-TOF); and (4) database searching are outlined in the chapter. The expression alterations observed in many proteins involved in a number of pathways help to develop testable hypotheses of neurodegenerative mechanisms in AD brain. The application of proteomics to transgenic models of AD is an increasing field of research in AD. Such approaches allow the methods of testing the effects of genetic mutations associated with AD on specific proteins at both the expression and post-translational modification levels. Additionally, transgenic knock-in and knock-out mice allow for the study of the effect of inactivation of specific proteins that have been found to be oxidized in AD brain.
‘CALCULATIONAL CHEMISTRY’ OF THE SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; COMPARISON WITH ELEMENTS OF THE 7TH PERIOD [1]

Increasing deviations from Mendeleev-type periodicity of chemical properties is predicted for elements as their atomic number exceeds 100. Relativistic Dirac-Fock calculations indicate that the periodicity of electronic binding energies of elements becomes increasingly ‘non-monotonic’ as Z increases. Changes in electronic levels include: increasing binding of s and p 1/2 electrons, decreased binding of p 3/2 electrons, increased radial extension and lowered ionization energies of d orbitals vs. s. Evidence is cited that such changes are already observable in known elements, particularly those of the seventh period. Prediction of aqueous valences for the trans-lawrencium elements is made. The first ionization of elements 103-112 involves, in every case, removal of 6 d electrons rather than 7s. Ready removal of p 3/2 electrons, breaking the rare gas shell of 119 + , should allow valences greater than one of this ‘alkali metal’.
Design, Delivery, and Outcomes From an Interprofessional Fall Prevention Course

This article describes the development, delivery, and outcomes from an interprofessional evidence-based falls management course for undergraduate and graduate students. The 3-credit elective course was developed by a gerontological social work and nursing faculty member in partnership with community-based housing and case management organizations. Creation of the course was in response to a mandate by the Health Resources and Services Administration, funding source for federal Geriatric Education Centers, to train interprofessional students using an evidence-based approach while tying the outcomes to improved health measures in the target population. Therefore, this article describes student competencies pre- and postcourse completion and outcomes of community-dwelling older adults completing a Matter of Balance (MOB) program delivered by these students. A total of 16 students completed the course which included delivery of the MOB program to 41 older adults. Results indicate statistically significant imp...
Sintering, Phase Stability, and Thermal Conductivity of Plasma-Sprayed Gd2O3-Stabilized ZrO2

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) made of Y 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 are used extensively to protect and insulate the metallic structure of advanced gas turbine engines. For applications that require prolonged exposure to temperatures above 1000-1200 °C, stractural changes produced by sintering and phase transformation limit the durability of the coatings. The objective of the present study was to investigate the use of Gd 2 O 3 as an alternative stabilizer for ZrO 2 -based TBC materials. The influence of Gd 2 O 3 concentration (4-20 mole percent) on the sintering and phase stability of plasma-sprayed ZrO 2 powders was investigated and the data were compared with those for Y 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 . At an equivalent concentration (4 mole percent), Gd 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 sintered more slowly but had a lower resistance to destabilization of the metastable tetragonal (t') phase, when compared to Y 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 . The thermal conductivity of Gd 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 was lower than that for Y 2 O 3 -stabilized ZrO 2 . Mechanisms for the effect of Gd 2 O 3 on the behavior of ZrO 2 are discussed.
The Challenges And Opportunities Of Wireless Technologies In The Classroom: Related Standards And Regulations

Wireless technologies have revolutionized the ways teaching and learning have become in many colleges and universities. It is therefore interesting to observe the way wireless technologies are used to organize small group meetings. It provides online access to internet resources such as instructor lecture series. It finally helps in problem-solving of real-time interactions with students and instructors without being present at the physical place. Through the use of journal articles, textbooks, and research findings from the World Wide Web, the paper addresses some concerns: (1) what is the advantage of using wireless devices in teaching and learning? (2) What challenges will one face using wireless devices in classroom? Is it an effective means of teaching and learning? This study therefore, focused on challenges and opportunities of wireless technologies in the classroom and assessed the availability and readiness of students and administrators.
Does body temperature mediate anxiolytic effects of acute exercise

We tested the thermogenic hypothesis that reductions in blood pressure and self-reported state anxiety and altered brain electrocortical (electroencephalographic, EEG) activity after acute exercise...
Youth Cultures: A Cross‐Cultural Perspective

Youth Cultures:. Cross-Cultural Perspective. Vered Amit-Talai and Helena Wulff. eds. London: Routledge, 1995.239 pp.
Agility and Performance in Elastic Distributed Storage

Elastic storage systems can be expanded or contracted to meet current demand, allowing servers to be turned off or used for other tasks. However, the usefulness of an elastic distributed storage system is limited by its agility: how quickly it can increase or decrease its number of servers. Due to the large amount of data they must migrate during elastic resizing, state of the art designs usually have to make painful trade-offs among performance, elasticity, and agility.This article describes the state of the art in elastic storage and a new system, called SpringFS, that can quickly change its number of active servers, while retaining elasticity and performance goals. SpringFS uses a novel technique, termed bounded write offloading, that restricts the set of servers where writes to overloaded servers are redirected. This technique, combined with the read offloading and passive migration policies used in SpringFS, minimizes the work needed before deactivation or activation of servers. Analysis of real-world traces from Hadoop deployments at Facebook and various Cloudera customers and experiments with the SpringFS prototype confirm SpringFS’s agility, show that it reduces the amount of data migrated for elastic resizing by up to two orders of magnitude, and show that it cuts the percentage of active servers required by 67--82p, outdoing state-of-the-art designs by 6--120p.
Fields of extremals and sufficient conditions for the simplest problem of the calculus of variations

In this paper we present an elementary proof of a classical sufficient condition for free problems in the calculus of variations using an extension of the direct sufficiency method, originating in the work of G. Leitmann (Int. J. NonLin. Mech. 2, 55---59 (1967)), found in D.A. Carlson (J. Optim. Theory Appl. 114, 345---362 (2002)).
Suggestibility in Dementia Praecox Paranoid Patients

(1944). Suggestibility in Dementia Praecox Paranoid Patients. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 97-102.
Optimization of information presentation on multifunction displays

A difficult part of creating a full multifunction display (MFD) system is mapping the MFD information to the physical hardware. An important aspect of this design process involves associating screen labels with user initiated commands (e.g., button presses). A software tool, MFDTool, that applies an optimization algorithm to designer-specified constraints, thereby creating the optimum layout of MFD information for MFD hardware, has been developed. MFDTool converts the constraints into mathematical cost functions and utilizes a standard optimization algorithm to determine the MFD label assignment design that maximally satisfies the constraints. A sample MFD design problem is demonstrated.
Supply chain scheduling with receiving deadlines and non-linear penalty

We study the operations scheduling problem with delivery deadlines in a three-stage supply chain process consisting of (1) heterogeneous suppliers, (2) capacitated processing centres (PCs), and (3)...
Energy harvesting by magnetostrictive material (MsM) for powering wireless sensors in SHM

A new class of vibrational energy harvester based on Magnetostrictive material (MsM) Metglas 2605SC is deigned, developed, and tested in building practical energy harvesting wireless sensor networks. Compared to piezoelectric material, Metglas 2605SC offers advantages including ultra-high energy conversion efficiency, high power density, longer life cycles without depolarization issue, and flexibility to operate in strong ambient vibrations. To enhance the energy conversion efficiency and shrink the size of the harvester, Metglas is annealed in the direction normal to the axial strain direction without the need of electromagnet for applying bias (static) magnetic field. To seamlessly integrate with a newly developed wireless sensor at NC State 1 , a prototype design for the MsM harvester is proposed. An analytical model is developed for the harvesting using an equivalent electromechanical circuit. The model resulting in achievable output performances of the harvester powering a resistive load and charging a capacitive energy storage device, respectively, is quantitatively derived. An energy harvesting module, which powers a wireless sensor, stores excess energy in an ultracapacitor is designed on a printed circuit board (PCB) with dimension 25mm x 35mm. The main functionalities of the circuit include a voltage quadrupler, a 3F ultracapacitor, and a smart regulator. The output DC voltage from the PCB can be adjusted within 2.0~5.5V. In experiments, the maximum output power and power density on the resistor can reach 200 mW and 900 mW/cm 3 , respectively. For a working prototype, the average power and power density during charging the ultracapacitor can achieve 576 mW and 606 mW/cm 3 respectively, which are much higher than those of most piezo-based harvesters.
Activated α2-Macroglobulin Binding to Human Prostate Cancer Cells Triggers Insulin-like Responses

Background: Ligation of cancer cell surface GRP78 by activated α2-macroglobulin (α2M*) promotes proliferation and blocks apoptosis. Results: α2M* treatment of prostate cancer cells enhances the Warburg effect and up-regulates lipid metabolism in an insulin-like manner. Conclusion: α2M* exerts insulin-like effects on prostate cancer cells. Significance: Targeting cell surface GRP78-dependent cancer cell regulation, such as by antibodies, offers a unique potential therapeutic approach. Ligation of cell surface GRP78 by activated α2-macroglobulin (α2M*) promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis. α2M*-treated human prostate cancer cells exhibit a 2–3-fold increase in glucose uptake and lactate secretion, an effect similar to insulin treatment. In both α2M* and insulin-treated cells, the mRNA levels of SREBP1-c, SREBP2, fatty-acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP citrate lyase, and Glut-1 were significantly increased together with their protein levels, except for SREBP2. Pretreatment of cells with α2M* antagonist antibody directed against the carboxyl-terminal domain of GRP78 blocks these α2M*-mediated effects, and silencing GRP78 expression by RNAi inhibits up-regulation of ATP citrate lyase and fatty-acid synthase. α2M* induces a 2–3-fold increase in lipogenesis as determined by 6-[14C]glucose or 1-[14C]acetate incorporation into free cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phosphatidylcholine, which is blocked by inhibitors of fatty-acid synthase, PI 3-kinase, mTORC, or an antibody against the carboxyl-terminal domain of GRP78. We also assessed the incorporation of [14CH3]choline into phosphatidylcholine and observed similar effects. Lipogenesis is significantly affected by pretreatment of prostate cancer cells with fatostatin A, which blocks sterol regulatory element-binding protein proteolytic cleavage and activation. This study demonstrates that α2M* functions as a growth factor, leading to proliferation of prostate cancer cells by promoting insulin-like responses. An antibody against the carboxyl-terminal domain of GRP78 may have important applications in prostate cancer therapy.
Calmodulin Binding to Dfi1p Promotes Invasiveness of Candida albicans

Candida albicans, a dimorphic fungus, undergoes hyphal development in response to many different environmental cues, including growth in contact with a semi-solid matrix. C. albicans forms hyphae that invade agar when cells are embedded in or grown on the surface of agar, and the integral membrane protein Dfi1p is required for this activity. In addition, Dfi1p is required for full activation of mitogen activated protein kinase Cek1p during growth on agar. In this study, we identified a putative calmodulin binding motif in the C-terminal tail of Dfi1p. This region of Dfi1p bound to calmodulin in vitro, and mutations that affected this region affected both calmodulin binding in vitro and invasive filamentation when incorporated into the full length Dfi1p protein. Moreover, increasing intracellular calcium levels led to calcium-dependent, Dfi1p-dependent Cek1p activation. We propose that conformational changes in Dfi1p in response to environmental conditions encountered during growth allow the protein to bind calmodulin and initiate a signaling cascade that activates Cek1p.
A heterogeneity model for photon beams incorporating electron transport

A method of calculating photon doses in heterogeneous media incorporating electron transport is studied. The dose is represented as the convolution of kerma with an exponential longitudinal electron spread function which describes the penetration of electrons from one medium to another. At large distances from an interface, the dose approaches an asymptotic value equal to the kerma multiplied by a constant describing the degree of longitudinal and lateral electron equilibrium. For the simple situations studied, this asymptotic dose is adequately described by O'Connor's scaling theorem. The method is compared with both Monte Carlo calculations and measurements for a 15-MV photon beam for various geometries and field sizes. It predicts the dose in regions of electron disequilibrium to within 2% in most cases. In situations of extreme electron disequilibrium, such as within low-density regions at high energies and small field sizes, this represents a significant improvement over many existing techniques.
The Influence of Television Images on Black Females' Self-Perceptions of Physical Attractiveness:

This article examines the role television images play in African American women's perceptions of their own physical attractiveness. The significance physical attractiveness can carry, in general, i...
High-affinity stereospecific binding of cyclodiene insecticides and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane to γ-aminobutyric acid receptors of rat brain

Abstract The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)/benzodiazepine/picrotoxin receptor complex of rat brain was identified by the specific binding of three radiolabeled ligands in the same membrane preparation: [ 3 H]flunitrazepam ([ 3 H]Flu) for the benzodiazepine receptor site, [ 3 H]muscimol for the GABA receptor site, and t-[ 35 S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([ 35 S]TBPS) for the picrotoxinin site. Seven cyclodiene insecticides, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-BHC), β-BHC, and hexachlorobenzene had no significant effect on the specific binding of [ 3 H]Flu or [ 3 H]muscimol. But the cyclodienes and γ-BHC were very potent in displacing [ 35 S]TBPS binding with IC 50 values ranging from 30 n M for endrin and endosulfan I to 500 n M for aldrin. Inhibition of [ 35 S]TBPS binding by endrin was competitive. Binding was stereospecific since the more toxic stereoisomer of three pairs of compounds was more potent with the following IC 50 's (in n M ): endrin, 30; dieldrin, 100; endosulfan I, 30; endosulfan II, 60; γ-BHC, 150; β-BHC, > 10,000. Also the more toxic dieldrin epoxide and heptachlor epoxide had IC 50 's of 100 and 70n M , respectively, compared to 500 and 400 n M for the less toxic aldrin and heptachlor, respectively. The results suggest that the ionic channel of the GABA receptor in mammalian brain is a primary target for the toxic action of γ-BHC and cyclodienes.
Patterns of symptom distress in older women after surgical treatment for breast cancer

Purpose/objectives To describe patterns of symptom distress over time in older women receiving surgical treatment for breast cancer and to examine the relationship of selected patient and clinical characteristics to symptom distress. Design Secondary analysis of breast cancer data from a prospective, longitudinal study of older patients with several types of cancer. Setting Large mid-Atlantic teaching hospital. Sample 57 patients with breast cancer participated. Subjects had a mean age of 68 and were predominantly white, not Hispanic, married, Protestant, retired, and in stage I or II. A total of 55 subjects completed the study. Methods The Symptom Distress Scale was used. Data were collected on discharge and at three and six months postdischarge. Descriptive statistics, t test, analysis of variance, correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression were analyzed. Main research variables Total symptom distress and 13 individual symptom scores. Findings Fatigue, frequency of pain, outlook, and insomnia consistently were most prevalent and severe. Symptoms decreased gradually. Younger, more educated, and married women experienced more distress. Conclusions Interactions among symptoms are complex. Later symptom distress may be predicted by early experience and demographic characteristics. Implications for nursing Clinicians should inquire about symptom distress at each encounter, expect multiple symptoms, and anticipate greater symptom distress in patients who are younger, more educated, or married or living with a partner. In women with more severe, earlier symptom distress, nurses should intervene promptly. Research should determine interrelationships of symptoms and how they might be affected by contextual variables, describe critical attributes of the nurse-patient interaction that might mitigate symptom distress, characterize the relationship of symptom intensity and distress, clarify the mechanism of the relationship between marital status and symptom distress, and identify the effect of symptoms, individually and collectively, on survival and quality of life.
Screening for chemopreventive (anticarcinogenic) compounds in rodents.

Abstract The Chemoprevention Branch is testing dozens of candidate chemopreventive compounds in the following rodent model carcinogenesis systems: mouse skin papillomas, DMBA/TPA induced, rat mammary adenocarcinoma, DMBA and MNU induced, hamster tracheal squamous cell carcinoma, MNU induced, and lung adenocarcinoma, DEN induced, rat and mouse colon adenocarcinoma, AOM and MAM acetate induced, respectively, and mouse bladder carcinoma, hydroxy BBN induced. Significant chemopreventive (i.e., anticancer) effects have been produced with 4-hydroxy-phenylretinamide, difluoromethylornithine, piroxixam, oltipraz (a dithiolthione), calcium glucarate, N -acetylcysteine, β-carotene ibuprofen, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and a 16-fluoro DHEA analog, 8354, tamoxifen, glycyrrhetenic acid, molybdate, selenite, curcumin, and fumaric acid.
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Women with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

In 2006, i.p. chemotherapy re-emerged as a controversial topic in debates about the optimal treatment for women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. In this paper, we address the rationale behind i.p. chemotherapy, the data supporting its use, the selection of appropriate patients for i.p. chemotherapy, how best to avoid and manage the toxicities observed with i.p. chemotherapy, and directions for future research.
Dimensional analysis via directed graphs

Abstract Flowgraphs are utilized to describe dimensional relationships between variables. Nodes denote the logarithmic derivative of variables of the system. Transmittances denote the exponents associated with the defining equation of each node. The flowgraph gives a pattern which expresses functional relationships between large numbers of variables in terms of recurring elementary laws. The synthesis of complex phenomena obtained from a series of basic constituents is illustrated by representative examples.
On the selection of a printed circuit board assembly line system

Abstract As in most arenas, the electronics manufacturing industry is facing high competition in today's world market. One of the most significant decisions a printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturer has to make in order to remain competitive is the selection of the best (in terms of operating cost and production performance) assembly line configuration on which to produce its PCBs from among a set of alternatives. On the other hand, distributors of printed circuit board assembly line systems have the task of providing the different assembly line configuration alternatives for selection to their electronics manufacturing customers. This paper is concerned with the integration of various software packages into a decision support system which is being used to aid a manufacturer of PCB assembly line systems in proposing alternative configurations to its potential customers.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLUIDIZED BED MODEL

SUMMARY The numerical solution of a model describing a two-dimensional fluidized bed is considered. The model takes the form of a hyperbolic system of conservation laws with source term, coupled with an elliptic equation for determining a streamfunction. Operator splitting is used to produce homogeneous one-dimensional hyperbolic systems and ordinary differential equations involving the source term. The one-dimensional hyperbolic problems are solved using Roe’s method with the addition of an entropy fix. The numerical procedure is second-order in time and first-order in space. Second-order-accuracy in space is obtained using flux limiting techniques. Numerical experiments which show the development of bubbles in the bed are presented. The familiar kidney-shaped bubble, observed experimentally, is found when using the method which is second-order in space. On the same mesh, the first-order method produces bubbles which are no longer kidney-shaped. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The modulations of trapped oscillations in the solar chromosphere by magnetic fields

Observations indicate modulations of the 5-min period of chromospheric oscillations in magnetically active regions of the Sun. Thee observations are examined on the basis of the diagnostic diagrams obtained previously in a theoretical study of trapped magnetoatmospheric waves, and it is shown that the observed results can be interpreted in terms of the modulations of characteristic period of the trapped magnetoatmospheric waves for various configurations and strengths of the magnetic field, such as the umbra and penumbra of a sunspot, plages, boundaries as well as inside of supergranulation cells. The physical significance of the results and the limitation of the present analysis are discussed together with the possible future direction of this type of study.
Approximation of eigenvalues of some differential equations by zeros of orthogonal polynomials

Sequences {p"n}"n"="0^~ of polynomials, orthogonal with respect to signed measures, are associated with a class of differential equations including the Mathieu, Lame and Whittaker-Hill equation. It is shown that the zeros of p"n form sequences which converge to the eigenvalues of the corresponding differential equations. Moreover, interlacing properties of the zeros of p"n are found. Applications to the numerical treatment of eigenvalue problems are given.
Lifting Morita equivalence to categories of fuzzy modules

Abstract In this paper we show that two rings R and S have equivalent categories of fuzzy left modules R -fzmod and S -fzmod if and only if R and S are Morita equivalent. Furthermore, any equivalence between R -fzmod and S -fzmod lifts (up to natural isomorphism) an equivalence between R -mod and S -mod. In the process we introduce and study the basic properties of tensor products of fuzzy modules and tensor products of fuzzy maps.
The development of the pheromonal bond in the albino rat.

Abstract The lactating female rat begins to emit a pheromone at about 14 days postpartum, coincident with the age the young first become responsive to the pheromone. Correlatively, at about 27 days postpartum, the mother ceases to release the pheromone, which corresponds, in turn, to the age at which the young cease to be attracted to the pheromone. What role this olfactory bond might play in synchronizing the mother-young relationship was discussed.
Studies on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mammlian brain VI. Isolation of a membrane fraction enriched in receptor function for different neurotransmitters

Abstract A particulate form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from rat brain cortex appears to be concentrated in membrane fragments with a bouyant density of 1.112 g × ml −1 . The same fraction also shows enrichment in binding of agonists or antagonists for other putative neurotransmitters, indicating the presence of muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors as well as receptors for γ-aminobutyrate, L-glutamate and, perhaps, dopamine. Based on these and other criteria we suggest that these receptors may be located on free postsynaptic membranes concentrated in this fraction.
Assessed high-temperature thermochemical data on some solids

Abstract From the available thermochemical data on eight oxides and silicates, complete sets of data on heat capacity, isobaric thermal expansion, isothermal compressibility and Gibbs free energy of formation have been generated by using an optimization technique. These data are made internally consistent satisfying the relationship between the heat capacity at constant pressure and constant volume, thermal expansion and bulk modulus. The data can be extrapolated to temperatures beyond melting as are needed in high pressure phase equilibrium calculations.
An effective and efficient results merging strategy for multilingual information retrieval in federated search environments

Multilingual information retrieval is generally understood to mean the retrieval of relevant information in multiple target languages in response to a user query in a single source language. In a multilingual federated search environment, different information sources contain documents in different languages. A general search strategy in multilingual federated search environments is to translate the user query to each language of the information sources and run a monolingual search in each information source. It is then necessary to obtain a single ranked document list by merging the individual ranked lists from the information sources that are in different languages. This is known as the results merging problem for multilingual information retrieval. Previous research has shown that the simple approach of normalizing source-specific document scores is not effective. On the other side, a more effective merging method was proposed to download and translate all retrieved documents into the source language and generate the final ranked list by running a monolingual search in the search client. The latter method is more effective but is associated with a large amount of online communication and computation costs. This paper proposes an effective and efficient approach for the results merging task of multilingual ranked lists. Particularly, it downloads only a small number of documents from the individual ranked lists of each user query to calculate comparable document scores by utilizing both the query-based translation method and the document-based translation method. Then, query-specific and source-specific transformation models can be trained for individual ranked lists by using the information of these downloaded documents. These transformation models are used to estimate comparable document scores for all retrieved documents and thus the documents can be sorted into a final ranked list. This merging approach is efficient as only a subset of the retrieved documents are downloaded and translated online. Furthermore, an extensive set of experiments on the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum (CLEF) ( http://www.clef-campaign.org/ ) data has demonstrated the effectiveness of the query-specific and source-specific results merging algorithm against other alternatives. The new research in this paper proposes different variants of the query-specific and source-specific results merging algorithm with different transformation models. This paper also provides thorough experimental results as well as detailed analysis. All of the work substantially extends the preliminary research in (Si and Callan, in: Peters (ed.) Results of the cross-language evaluation forum-CLEF 2005, 2005).
Taking a SNPshot of t-AML.

In this issue of Blood , Ellis and colleagues report on the interaction of SNPs in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway and in the MDM2 309 locus in susceptibility to therapy-related AML. Genetic variants are associated with disease susceptibility.[1][1],[2][2] Of the genetic variants, single-
Extracellular matrix stiffness and architecture govern intracellular rheology in cancer.

Little is known about the complex interplay between the extracellular mechanical environment and the mechanical properties that characterize the dynamic intracellular environment. To elucidate this relationship in cancer, we probe the intracellular environment using particle-tracking microrheology. In three-dimensional (3D) matrices, intracellular effective creep compliance of prostate cancer cells is shown to increase with increasing extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, whereas modulating ECM stiffness does not significantly affect the intracellular mechanical state when cells are attached to two-dimensional (2D) matrices. Switching from 2D to 3D matrices induces an order-of-magnitude shift in intracellular effective creep compliance and apparent elastic modulus. However, for a given matrix stiffness, partial blocking of β1 integrins mitigates the shift in intracellular mechanical state that is invoked by switching from a 2D to 3D matrix architecture. This finding suggests that the increased cell-matrix engagement inherent to a 3D matrix architecture may contribute to differences observed in viscoelastic properties between cells attached to 2D matrices and cells embedded within 3D matrices. In total, our observations show that ECM stiffness and architecture can strongly influence the intracellular mechanical state of cancer cells.
An O(V) algorithm M for computing transitive reduction of a planar acyclic digraph

We present a linear O(V) algorithm for computing the transitive reduction of a planar acyclic digraph G, where V is the number of nodes in G. The algorithm makes explicit use of a fixed, but otherwise arbitrary, planar representation of G and obtains the transitive reduction in two steps, by computing successively the left reduction and the right-reduction. The planar digraphs form the second class of digraphs for which linear transitive reduction algorithm is known; the other class being the digraphs whose transitive reductions are directed spanning trees.
Intermittent High Dose Corticosteroid Treatment in Childhood Cancer: Behavioral and Emotional Consequences

Effects of prednisone (60 mg/m 2 ) on behavior, mood, and sleep were investigated in 16 outpatient pediatric oncology patients in remission and on a maintenance drug treatment protocol calling for intermittent oral pulses of prednisone. Rating scales for sleep disturbance, depression, and an inventory of common symptons associated with corticosteroids were used to study patients as their own controls during alternating phases of maintenance drug alone and maintenance drug plus prednisone. There were statistically significant differences in number of symptoms on and off prednisone including ( p p p p 2 ) on oncology protocols is recommended.
The BaBar Experiment at SLAC

Estimates for the uncertainties in β which might be achieved in a year of running at the nominal luminosity (i.e., an exposure of 30 fb −1 ) have been made using a simulation of the \( Ba\bar Bar \) detector and of our ability to reconstruct and identify the relevant events. The estimates obtained were reoirted in the \( Ba\bar Bar \) technical design report [15] and are summarised for the most important channels in Table I These measurements of β should begin to emerge in the year 2000 and should provide an important test for the unitarity triangle. If β≈ 17° as expected [8] then this measurement will have an uncertainty of ∼3 −4°. Of course, a measured value far from this would be of considerable importance, and would cast doubt on the origin of CP violation in the standard model, at least without the need for extensions to it.