cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
[Determination of 22 antibiotics in disinfection products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry].

Objective To develop a method for simultaneous determination of 5 nitroimidazole antibiotics and 17 sulfonamides antibiotics in disinfection products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). Methods Samples were spiked with isotope internal standard, and then extracted by 2% formic acid solution and acetonitrile with ultrasonic, followed by MCX column to remove matrix interference and for enrichment. The supernatants were diluted with 2% formic acid solution before loading on the columns, then washed with 2% formic acid solution and methanol respectively, eluted with 5% ammonium methanol. The separation was performed on a CORTECS~(TM) UPLC C_(18)(100 mm×2. 1 mm, 1. 6 μm) column by using 0. 1% formic acid solution and 0. 1% formic acid acetonitrile as mobile phase with gradient elution. The antibiotics were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Results The linear ranges of 22 antibiotics were 0. 05-5. 0 ng/mL and the correlation coefficients were greater than 0. 999. The limits of detection(LODs) were 0. 03-0. 15 μg/kg and the recoveries were 84. 3%-121. 2% with the relative standard deviations were 1. 13%-8. 43%(n=6). The method was successfully used to detect the content of antibiotics in 20 disinfection products, 45% of samples had been detected positively. Conclusion This method is simple, sensitive, selective and accurate, and could be applied for simultaneous detection of antibiotics in disinfection products.
Stock Market's Reaction to Employment News: Bad News is Not Good Anymore

I document a shift in the stock market's reaction to employment news beginning early 2000s. Good employment news increases stock prices during expansions but has no effect during recessions. Overall, good employment news is good for stocks, a shift from the relationship documented in earlier studies. Furthermore, good employment news continues to decrease bond returns. The opposite response of stock and bond returns to employment news is consistent with the negative stock and bond return correlation in recent times. Risk premium drives the recent stock price reaction to employment news whereas interest rate was the dominant channel prior to 2000s.
Characterizing the Tensile Strength of Metastable Grain Boundaries in Silicon Carbide Using Machine Learning

The local atomic structure, local chemistry, and stoichiometry of grain boundaries control in part the strength and fracture toughness of silicon carbide components. The predictions of the structur...
Far beyond the line: corsairs, privateers, buccaneers, and invading settlers in Cuba and the Caribbean (1529-1670)

This essay connects the course of war and peace in Europe with a variety of forms of European incursion in the Caribbean during the 1500s and 1600s. With special attention to Cuba, it traces the emergence and evolution of piracy and privateering as well as European colonial expansion by settlers and buccaneers. This essay also provides a systematic analysis of how belligerence in the Old World impacted the Caribbean. Lastly, it explores Spain’s efforts to protect its colonies through fortifications, fleet systems, and increased military presence.
Latino Criminology: Unfucking Colonial Frameworks in “Latinos and Crime” Scholarship

To “unfuck” is to correct a situation, or yourself, if necessary, and in a timely manner. There is an enduring need to audit and deconstruct the colonial features of criminological theory and criminal justice practices. To better understand these enduring colonial inheritances, this article offers a forward-looking prospectus on the merits of a Latino criminology and highlights the shared historical and conceptual overlaps between critical criminology and Latino Studies in studying interpersonal harms, racialized social control, and state violence. Compatible with both orthodox and progressive perspectives in criminology and criminal justice scholarship, an emergent and politically reflexive Latino criminology centers the margins by articulating areas of intervention for scholars to improve criminological inquiry and depart—or unfuck ourselves—from the many settler colonial and white supremacist inheritances of our field.
Species identification and morphological trait diversity assessment in ryegrass (Lolium spp.) populations from the Texas Blackland Prairies

Ryegrass (Lolium spp.) is a troublesome weed in major wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production regions in the United States. High diversity and adaptive potential are known to contribute to its success as a weed species and also create difficulties in correct species identification in fields. The objective of this research was to characterize diversity for 16 different morphological traits among 56 Lolium populations collected from wheat production fields across the Texas Blackland Prairies region and identify Lolium species based on taxonomic characteristics. Populations were highly diverse (both at inter- and intrapopulation levels) for the traits studied, and a taxonomic comparison with USDA-GRIN reference samples revealed that all the populations were variants of Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] with a few offtypes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) or probable hybrids between the two species. Hierarchical clustering grouped the populations into six clusters based on their similarities for the morphological traits investigated. Principal component analysis showed that the variability for yield traits greatly contributed to the total diversity. Pre-flowering plant height (stage 10 on Feekes scale) was positively correlated with tiller count, shoot biomass, and spike count, but not with total seed count per plant, whereas plant height at maturity (stage 11.3 to 11.4 on Feekes scale) was highly correlated with total seeds per plant. Further, basal node color was positively correlated with plant growth habit, regrowth rate, and leaf color. Leaf blade width was positively correlated with survival to pinoxaden and multiple herbicides, whereas, spike count was negatively correlated with survival to mesosulfuron. The high levels of intra- as well as interpopulation variability documented in this study indicate the potential of this species to rapidly adapt to herbicides and emphasize the need for implementing diverse management tactics, including the integration of harvest weed seed control.
Trends in urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the non-smoking U.S. population, NHANES 2001-2014

Abstract Background Recent studies indicate airborne PAH levels have decreased in the U.S., but it is unclear if this has resulted in PAH exposure changes in the U.S. population. Objective Examine temporal trends in urinary metabolites of Naphthalene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, and Pyrene in U.S. non-smokers, 6+ years old. Methods We used biomonitoring data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program, 2001–2014, (N = 11,053) using survey weighted linear regression. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, creatinine, BMI, income, diet, and seasonality. Stratified models evaluated the effect of age, sex, and race/ethnicity on trends. Results Between 2001 and 2014, Naphthalene exposure increased 36% (p Significance This study shows exposure to Naphthalene and Pyrene increased, while exposure to Fluorene and Phenanthrene decreased among the non-smoking U.S. general population between 2001 and 2014, suggesting environmental sources of PAHs have changed over the time period.
UPCONVERSION WHITE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND FERROELECTRIC PROPERTY FOR Er~(3+)-Tm~(3+)Yb~(3+) TRI-CODOPED Bi_4Ti_3O_(12) THIN FILM

The Er~(3+)-Tm~(3+)-Yb~(3+) tri-codoped Bi_4Ti_3O_(12) thin films were prepared by chemical solution deposition method and its upconversion(UC) photoluminescence and ferroelectric properties were studied.There are four emission bands in the visible UC luminescence spectra excited by 980 nm infrared light at room temperature.The478 nm blue emission band corresponds to ~1G_4→~3H_6 transition of Tm~(3+),and the 527,548 nm green emission bands correspond to ~2H_(1/2)→~4I_(15/2) and 4S_(3/2)→4I_(15/2) transitions of Er~(3+),and the 657 nm red emission band corresponds to4F_(9/2)→4I_(15/2) transition of Er~(3+) and ~1G_4→~3F_4 transition of Tm~(3+).The fluorescent color can be tuned by adjusting Er~(3+),Tm~(3+) and Yb~(3+) concentrations.For Bi_(3.59-x)Er_xTm_(0.01)Yb_(0.4)Ti_3O_(12)(BEr_xTYT) thin films with fixed Tm~(3+) and Yb~(3+) concentrations,the intensity ratio of green and red emissions to blue one gradually increased with the increase of Er~(3+) concentrations,and the quenching concentration of Er~(3+) is only about 1.75‰(mole fraction).For Bi_(2.593-y)Er_(0.007)Tm_yYb_(0.4)Ti_3O_(12)(BETm_yYT) thin films with fixed Er~(3+) and Yb~(3+) concentrations,the intensity ratio of green and red emissions to blue one decreased with the increase of Tm~(3+) concentrations,and Tm~(3+) quenching concentration is about 2.5‰.For Bi_(3.98-x)Er_(0.01)Tm_(0.01)Yb_zTi_3O_(12)(BETYb_2/T) thin films with fixed Er~(3+) and Tm~(3+) concentrations,the intensity ratio of blue or red emission to green one increase with increase of Yb~(3+) concentrations,and Yb~(3+)quenching concentration is less than 5 mol%for the luminescence from Er~(3+) and lager than 18 mol%for the luminescence from Tm~(3+).The optimal color coordinate in these films is(0.31,0.34),close to standard white-light coordinate of(0.33,0.33),which appears in Bi_(305815)Er_(0.0085)Tm_(0.01)Yb_(0.4)TiO_(12) thin film.The color coordinate has only a little change with increasing pumping power,which suggests that luminescence from the thin films has good color stability.There exist significant energy transfers from Er~(3+) to Tm~(3+),which will affect the relative intensities of blue,green and red emissions and their quenching concentrations by analyzing the UC emission mechanism of the thin films.The remnant polarization value of the film prepared on Pt/Ti/SiCVSi substrate reaches the maximum and is equal to 27.8 μC/cm~2 when the total codoping concentration of Er~(3+),Tm~(3+) and Yb~(3+) is about 10%(Bi_(3.5815)Er_(0.0085)Yb_(0.4)Ti_3O_(12)film).
A practice-based model to guide nursing science and improve the health and well-being of patients and caregivers.

Aims and objectives The purpose of this paper is to describe a model to guide nursing science in a clinical practice-based setting. Exemplars are provided to highlight the application of this nursing research model, which can be applied to other clinical settings that aim to fill evidence gaps in the literature. Background Nurse scientists are well positioned to develop new knowledge aimed at identifying global health solutions to multiple disparities. The generation and application of this knowledge are essential to inform and guide professional nursing practice. While a number of evidence-based practice models exist to guide the integration of literature findings and other sources of evidence into practice, there is a need for additional models that serve as a guide and focus for the conduct of research in distinct scientific areas in practice-based settings. Design Model development and description. Methods Mayo Clinic is a large, comprehensive healthcare system with a mission to address unmet patient needs through practice, research and education. PhD-prepared nurse scientists engage in practice-based research as an integral component of Mayo Clinic's mission. A practice-based nursing research model was developed with the intent to advance nursing research in a clinical setting. Results The components of the Mayo Clinic Nursing Research model include symptom science, self-management science and caregiving science. The generation of nursing science is focused on addressing needs of patients with complex health conditions, inclusive of caregivers. Conclusions While clinical settings provide rich opportunities for the conduct of research, priorities need to be established in which to focus scientific endeavours. The Mayo Clinic Nursing Research model may be applicable to nurses around the globe who are engaged in the generation of knowledge to guide practice. Relevance to clinical practice The Mayo Clinic Nursing Research model can be used by nurse scientists embedded in healthcare settings to address clinically relevant questions, advance the generation of new nursing knowledge and ultimately improve the health and well-being of patients and caregivers.
Innovations in Science and Technology Libraries

* Introduction (William Miller) * Collaborative Development of Agricultural Information Services at the National Agricultural Library of the United States (Eleanor G. Frierson, Melanie Gardner, Susan McCarthy, and Peggy J. Blake) * Integrating Customized Information into Science and Health Science Curricula: The Essential Role of Library/Faculty Collaboration (Joan L. Leishman) * Implementing an Institutional Repository: The DSpace Experience at MIT (Patsy Baudoin and Margret Branschofsky) * Scholars and Citizens: Making Research Level Collections Accessible to the Public at SIBL (John Ganly, Andrea Harland, and Kristin McDonough) * Academic Meets Corporate: Science and Technology Library Services in the Corporate World (Roger Durbin and Jo Ann Calzonetti) * ImtelliDoc: Integrating CISTI's Information Services (Mary VanBuskirk) * Alaska Resources Library and Information Services: Pioneering Partnerships on the Last Frontier (Daria O. Carle and Juli Braund-Allen) * Personalized and Collaborative Digital Library Capabilities: Responding to the Changing Nature of Scientific Research (Rick Luce and Mariella Di Giacomo) * Subject Access Through Community Partnerships: A Case Study (Patricia A. Kreitz and Travis C. Brooks) * The Evolving Electronic Journal Collection at Drexel University (Carol Hansen Montgomery) * Evolution of a Revolution: The Movement to 24/7 Web-Based Libraries (Richard P. Widdicombe) * Changing the Publishing Paradigm for Science and Technology (Gloriana St. Clair and Erika C. Linke) * Entrepreneurial Librarians: Embracing Innovation and Motivation (JoAnn DeVries) * Taming the Two Cultures: Integrating the Science Divisional Library into the Main Library (Jian-zhong [Joe] Zhou and Leilani Hall) * Breaking the Mold: Building a New Engineering Branch Library Focused on Electronic Delivery of Information (Alice Trussell) * Developing a New Branch Agriculture Library at the University of Manitoba (Judy Harper) * Information Technology and Its Impact on Undergraduate Science Education (Alison Scott Ricker) * Generic and Discipline-Specific Information Literacy Competencies: The Case of the Sciences (Kate Manuel) * Envisioning Reference at MIT (Steve Gass, Pat Flanagan, and Lisa Horowitz) * Learning Communities: An Investigative Study into Their Impact on Library Services (Sohair F. Wastawy, Charles W. Uth, and Christopher Stewart) * Science and Technology Library Innovations Without a Science and Technology Library (JoEllen Broome) * Enhancing Access to IEEE Conference Proceedings: A Case Study in the Application of IEEE Xplore Full Text and Table of Contents Enhancements (Cherie Madarash-Hill and J. B. Hill) * Rethinking Interlibrary Loan for the Scientist (Mignon Adams) * Effective Leadership in Postmodern Science/Technology Libraries (Donald G. Frank) * Index * Reference Notes Included
Profile of NASA software engineering: Lessons learned from building the baseline

It is critically important in any improvement activity to first understand the organization's current status, strengths, and weaknesses and, only after that understanding is achieved, examine and implement promising improvements. This fundamental rule is certainly true for an organization seeking to further its software viability and effectiveness. This paper addresses the role of the organizational process baseline in a software improvement effort and the lessons we learned assembling such an understanding for NASA overall and for the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in particular. We discuss important, core data that must be captured and contrast that with our experience in actually finding such information. Our baselining efforts have evolved into a set of data gathering, analysis, and crosschecking techniques and information presentation formats that may prove useful to others seeking to establish similar baselines for their organization.
Seeking the genetic basis of phenotypic differences among bacterial species

The enteric bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica are closely related, but differ with respect to a variety of phenotypic characters, including the ability to utilize certain compounds as a sole carbon source and their capacity to cause disease. While the observed differences could be due to allelic variation in the same gene complement, the majority of the species-specific characters are encoded by genes that are unique to one of the two species. We analyze the strategies presently used to identify DNA regions that are specific to a bacterial species, discuss the role of these sequences in the evolution and physiology of a microbe, and describe the methods employed to investigate the origin and function of species-specific genes.
Factors That Influence Patient Response to Requests to Change to a Unified Restrictive Formulary

Over the past 2 decades, prescription drug costs have comprised an increasing share of total health care expenditures in the United States. From 1980 to 2000, prescription drug expenditures increased from $12.0 billion to $122 billion annually; the proportion of total national health expenditures attributable to prescription drugs over the same time period increased from 4.9% to 9.4%.1 The rate of rise of prescription costs continues to increase. In 2000, prescription drug expenditures grew at an annual rate of 17.3% while total health care costs increased by only 6.9%. This trend has continued through 2003 with the result that, in many markets, pharmacy costs in managed care plans now equal or exceed inpatient expenditures. The rise in pharmacy costs over the past decade is due both to an increasing number of prescriptions and an increase in cost per prescription. In a 2001 National Institute for Health Care Management report, factors that contributed to the rise in pharmacy costs included an increase in the number of prescriptions (39% of total cost increase), price increases among existing drugs (37%), and a shift to higher cost drugs (24%).2 Many managed care insurers and physician organizations have responded by the development of restrictive formularies that reduce costs by excluding medications when a lower cost medication exists that is comparable in terms of safety and efficacy. In addition, formularies can help purchasers negotiate discounted prices by shifting market share between agents. In October 1998, the pharmacy and therapeutics committee of our integrated delivery system developed a unified outpatient drug formulary for use by member physicians. The principal factors that influenced the selection of drugs within each class were efficacy, safety, and cost. When two medications within a class were believed to be equivalent in terms of efficacy and safety, based on available evidence, the committee selected the lower cost agent. Little is known about patient response to requests to change to a formulary medication for the purpose of controlling pharmacy expenditures. Will such requests engender suspicion or will patients understand and accept the request? Does a patient's trust in his or her physician or belief in the value of managed care as a tool to reduce medical costs influence willingness to accept a new formulary medication? We initiated a program to convert existing prescriptions to lower cost formulary agents and designed this prospective study to examine patient and physician factors associated with patient acceptance of such requests. As secondary goals, we sought to determine the cost associated with conversion and to develop a model for improved use of a unified formulary. As our intervention opportunity, we developed and studied a model where patients were offered a new formulary medication prescription at the time of a telephone refill request for their previous nonformulary medication.
Cell Cloning and Plating Efficiency

Cultures of cells can be obtained from a single cell. However, the isolation of the single cell and its proliferation present challenges. Keywords: adherent cells; single cell isolation; single cell survival; cloning cylinder
Fallproof! A Comprehensive Balance and Mobility Training Program, by Debra Rose

Falls among older adults age 65 and older can lead to increased morbidity and mortality and can adversely affect quality of life. Falls are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries requiring medical ...
Clinical trial examining effectiveness of three cough syrups.

Background: Cough is one of the most common symptoms of respiratory infections for which patients seek relief. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of three commonly prescribed cough syrups. Methods: In this multipractice, office-based, randomized clinical trial, guaifenesin was compared with guaifenesin plus codeine or guaifenesin plus dextromethorphan in patients with uncomplicated respiratory tract infections. Family physicians enrolled 97 patients between February 1988 and April 1990. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment and were interviewed by telephone at 2, 4, and 10 days to assess cough relief, treatment adherence, and side effects. There were no statistically significant differences among treatment groups at base line. Results: At day 2 there were no statistically significant differences among treatment groups for any of the outcome measures. At day 4 five of the outcome measures of cough quality, frequency, sleep disturbances, and absenteeism were not statistically significantly different among groups. The only statistically significant difference was the ability to keep up with usual activities, which improved least in patients assigned to dextromethorphan than in patients in other groups. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups at day 10 for any of the outcomes. Conclusion: It appears that codeine, dextromethorphan, and guaifenesin are equally effective in relieving cough symptoms.
Effects of vertical aperture on beam lifetime at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring

When a positron's energy deviation /spl delta/E/E exceeds the RF acceptance, or when it receives an angular kick for the betatron motion that exceeds some limiting admittance, the positron will be lost. The main contributions to the total beam lifetime come from single Coulomb and Touschek scattering. In this report we investigate the dependence of the residual gas pressure and the vertical aperture of the Advanced Photon Source storage ring on the total beam lifetime. We present results of calculating the total beam lifetime as a function of vertical aperture for varying average ring pressure, beam current, and coupling coefficient.
A multi-resolution technique for comparing images using the Hausdorff distance

The Hausdorff distance measures the extent to which each point of a model set lies near some point of an image set and vice versa. An efficient method of computing this distance is developed, based on a multi-resolution tessellation of the space is possible transformations of the model set. One of the key ideas is that entire cells in this tessellation can be ruled out quickly, without actually computing the Hausdorff distance for many of them. Emphasis is placed on the case in which the model is allowed to translate and scale (independently in x and y) with respect to the image. This four-dimensional transformation space is searched rapidly while guaranteeing that no match will be missed. Some examples of identifying an object in a cluttered scene are presented, including cases where the object is partially hidden from view. >
Nitrogen fixation in Lake Mendota, Madison, Wisconsin1

The effects of various environmental conditions, and of cell composition, heterocyst content, and nitrogen content of algal samples, on fixation of N2 by colonial and filamentous algae in Lake Mendota were investigated. Heterocyst content and temperature were significantly and positively related to acetylene reduction activity (N2 fixation); depth of sample collection was negatively related. Available data do not show whether statistical correlations of acetylene reduction activity with dissolved O2 and pH represent specific effects of O2 and pH on this activity, or simply reflect chemical changes caused by algal photosynthesis. During summer stratification, when surface-water content of combined inorganic nitrogen was severely depleted, N2 fixation associated with heterocystous blue-green algae contributed 85% of the total N2 fixed. Bacterial N2 fixation was low compared to that of algae. Despite its small overall contribution to the annual nitrogen budget (38,000 kg of nitrogen; ca. 7% of the total input), N2 fixation is significant in maintaining blue-green algal nuisances in surface water when non-N2-fixing phytoplankton cannot compete effectively.
Measurement of local cerebral blood flow by xenon-enhanced computerized tomography imaging: a critique of an error assessment.

Summary: A review of an error assessment of local cerebral blood flow values derived from xenon-enhanced computerized tomography imaging indicates that the authors have failed to consider the appropriate parameters, thereby yielding errors that are larger than the true errors.
Library of Congress's Recommended Format Specifications

As the nation's foremost institution dedicated to the acquisition and preservation of the creative output of the nation and the world, the Library of Congress (LC) has a fundamental need to be able to identify the formats that lend themselves to long-term preservation and access. To provide guidance for its staff, the LC has devised the Recommended Format Specifications, which offer hierarchies of the physical and technical characteristics that encourage preservation and long-term access. These hierarchies were developed by LC using the great breadth of knowledge provided by its staff. As these are needs that are shared by all others involved with creative works, from the creators themselves to the vendors who sell them and the organizations that preserve them, LC is making the specifications available to the world at large so that others may benefit from this work. The Library of Congress plans on revising the specifications on an annual basis and encourages input from other stakeholders in order to make...
The deposition of alumina, silica and magnesia films by electron bombardment evaporation

Abstract A survey of dielectrics which could be deposited as films by evaporation indicated that oxides with permittivity >20, such as those of titanium or tantalum, had high losses and low breakdown voltage, associated with defects in structure and stoichiometry. The low permittivity oxides, alumina, silica and magnesia, were evaporated by electron bombardment heating, which has the advantage of avoiding contamination by other materials. Evaporated alumina and magnesia films had permittivities of about 9, giving 8000 pF/cm 2 for films 1 μ thick. The corresponding figures for evaporated silica films were 5 and 4500 pF/cm 2 , respectively. Temperature coefficients were about + 300 ppm/°C. Loss and leakage characteristics were associated with structural defects and moisture absorption, and varied widely. Wiping the films during evaporation moved dust particles and eliminated short circuit or low resistance paths. Electrochemical etching or anodising the base electrode, by conduction through defects in the oxide film, was even more effective in reducing leakage and loss tangent. Evaporated alumina films gave the highest resistance and stability. An insulance of 10 4 ωF was obtained with some anodised specimens, and up to 10 2 ωF without electrochemical treatment. Loss tangent was 0·005 for anodised films, or 0·005 to 0·03 for unanodised films protected from moisture by a varnish or impregnant. Working voltage was 20 to 50 V for a 1μ film. Evaporated silica films, when dry, gave the lowest values of tan δ, 0·002, but capacitance, leakage resistance and dielectric loss were unstable except with full hermetic sealing. Evaporated magnesia films had low breakdown voltage and poor leakage characteristics.
Radiofrequency ablation for atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia: Comparison between fast (anterior) and slow (posterior) pathway ablation

Abstract Objectives . We compared the electrophysiologic effects on atrioventricular (AV) node physiology of selective “fast” versus selective “stow” pathway radiofrequency ablation in 42 patients with drug-resistant AV node reentrant tachycardia who underwent 51 ablation attempts to prevent tachycardia recurrence while preserving AV conduction. Background . The recent introduction of radiofrequency ablation to treat AV node reentrant tachycardia allows the opportunity to study the effects of selective elimination of the different limbs involved in AV node reentrant tachycardia. Methods . Selective fast pathway ablation was attempted in 13 patients by delivering radiofrequency energy anteriorly across the tricuspid valve anulus. Selective slow pathway ablation was attempted in 29 patients by delivering radiofrequency energy posteriorly across the tricuspid valve anulus at sites where putative slow pathway potentials were recorded. Results . Selective fast pathway ablation eliminated AV node reentrant tachycardia without AV block in 6 (46%) of 13 patients after one ablation session and in an additional 3 patients (69% of total) after repeat ablation sessions. Slow pathway ablation eliminated AV node reentrant tachycardia without AV block in 26 (90%) of 29 patients after one radiofrequency ablation session and in an additional 2 patients (97% of total) after repeat ablation sessions. Selective fast pathway ablation increased the PR interval (140 to 220 ms, p = 0.0001) and AH interval (66 to 153 ms, p = 0.0001), whereas slow pathway ablation did not change these intervals. Fast pathway radiofrequency ablation caused retrograde block in 7 (64%) of 11 patients, whereas no patients undergoing slow pathway ablation developed selective retrograde block. Single AV node echo beats were commonly induced after slow but not fast pathway ablation (17 of 29 patients vs. 1 of 11 patients, respectively, p = 0.01) and did not predict recurrence of AV node reentrant tachycardia. Conclusions . Successful selective radiofrequency ablation of fast or slow pathways in patients with AV node reentrant tachycardia resulted in different eletrophysiologic properties after ablation. Slow pathway ablation produced more successful outcomes, with a decreased prevalence of recurrent AV node reentrant tachycardia or AV block.
Surgical stress and the heat shock response: in vivo models of stress conditioning.

: All forms of surgical therapy are stressful and injurious. The majority of surgical procedures are performed electively and provide an opportunity to condition the patient before surgery to maximize outcome. We have successfully protected the spinal cord and kidneys from warm ischemia-reperfusion injury with whole-body heat shock (42.5°C, 15 min, HS) and recovery (37°C, 6–8 h) before acute aortic occlusion. Control rabbits experienced an 88% incidence of paralysis (7/8) after acute spinal cord ischemia, while HS-pretreated animals never became paralyzed ( 0/9, p < 0.001 ). Control pig kidneys showed partial function (4/8 survival) after 90-min warm ischemia, while HS-pretreated kidneys always functioned ( 8/8 survival, p < 0.04 ). A positive temporal association was made between the HS-associated functional protection and the enhanced expression of inducible HSP70. The induction of the heat-shock response (cellular stress response) to protect tissues from lethal acute ischemia-reperfusion injury could be employed in a wide range of medical and surgical settings.
Predicting the flow mode from hoppers using the discrete element method

Abstract In this work, the discrete element method (DEM) is used to assess powder flow from hoppers and the results are compared to widely-used hopper design charts. These design charts delineate mass-flow and funnel-flow behavior based on the hopper wall angle and a given set of material properties. The modeled system consists of hoppers with various wall angles and frictional, non-cohesive, spherical particles. The performance is assessed by measuring the particle residence times, particle velocities, and the extent of segregation during discharge. A Mass Flow Index (MFI) based on the velocity profile data is used to quantitatively characterize the nature of the flow pattern as mass-flow, funnel-flow, or some intermediate. The DEM predictions are generally in very good agreement with the Jenike design charts. The level of agreement shown here indicates that DEM cannot only reproduce the current estimates of hopper performance, but also provide additional insight into the flow–such as the internal granular structure–that may be difficult to obtain otherwise.
Effective targeted and community HIV/STD prevention programs.

Community interventions and interventions targeting specific groups at risk of STDs/HIV have demonstrated significant impacts on sexual behavior, particularly condom use and safer sex. The scientif...
In vitro propagation of mature Liquidambar styraciflua

Mature specimens of liquidambar styraciflua were propagated in vitro. Components of the nutrient medium and culture conditions were first determined for one-year-old seedling material. Mature material responded similarly to seedling material in culture, but alterations in frequency of early transfers and components of the medium were required. Explants responded best to Woody Plant Medium of Lloyd and McCown supplemented with 0.2 mg l-1 BA and 0.05 mg l-1 NAA. Root formation occurred on shoots placed on media containing 0.5–1.0 mg l-1 IBA. Growth in culture and percentage of rooting of mature explants were markedly affected by the individual selection, with rooting percentages varying from 33–100% among selections.
The potential to use fission gas release experiments to measure lattice and grain boundary diffusion in metallic fuels

We have applied a model for lattice and grain boundary diffusion in polycrystalline materials to assess the potential for the use of fission gas release experiments to measure the lattice and grain boundary diffusion coefficients in metallic nuclear fuel materials. Our assessment is that, assuming that grain boundary diffusion in metallic fuels is similar to that in other metals, it is reasonable to expect that lattice diffusion coefficients can be determined from short time gas release experiments and the product of the grain boundary diffusion coefficient, the segregation factor, and the boundary width can be extracted from gas release experiments at longer times. Under the same assumption, activation energies can be deduced from the temperature dependence of the measured diffusivities.
Total synthesis of costatone: a monoterpene from the red seaweed: plocarnium costatum

Abstract The total synthesis of a unique, naturally occurring monoterpene hemiketal is described.
Emotional Distress and Disinhibited Eating: The Role of Self

Dieters and nondieters were exposed to self-referent or non-self-referent mood induction procedures, and food intake was subsequently recorded. In Study 1, both task failure and musical mood induction led to significantly increased eating among dieters. In Study 2, dieters and nondieters were exposed to sad or neutral music and half of the subjects were told that music might make them feel momentarily sad. The addition of an attributional label to the mood induction procedure eliminated the disinhibited eating that was observed in the unlabeled condition (for dieters). Study 3 demonstrated that only self-relevant negative mood disinhibits dieters. It is concluded that only those mood states that implicate the self promote self-regulatory failure. These results are discussed within the escape from self-awareness hypothesis of binge eating behavior.
Europeana: Think Culture

Europeana: Think Culture (http://www.europeana.eu) is a wonderful cultural repository. It includes more than 15 million items (images, text, audio, and video) from 1,500 European institutions. 1 El...
Ultrastructural studies on the acute leukemic lymphoblast

Electron microscopic studies were performed on normal myeloblasts obtained from 28 hospital personnel and leukemic myeloblasts obtained from 6 patients with acute leukemia. The quantitative results were similar in both groups except for increased granules found in the leukemic myeloblasts. In addition, the leukemic myeloblasts showed nuclear pockets, deep nuclear indentations, nucleosomes, centrioles located in nuclear pockets, accumulations of microfibrilles, partially disrupted mitochondria with virus-like particles and DNA threads, glycogen and myelin whorls. The finding of centrioles with their spindle fibers in nuclear pockets may have important clinical implications in regard to vincristine therapy. The finding of DNA fibers in the leukemic mitochondria was probably related to the disruption of the mitochondria which facilitated such an observation. The presence of virus-like particles within the mitochondria may possibly offer important clues to leukemogenesis from a viral and biochemical standpoint, however, this requires much more investigation. It would appear that qualitative and not quantitative changes are the essence of differences between leukemic and normal myeloblasts. This ultrastructural study has demonstrated findings which may have important practical and theoretical applications to acute leukemia.
A coupled-cluster study of XON (X=H,F,Cl), and the XON↔XNO transition states

Abstract The XON molecules (X=H, F, and Cl) have been studied using the CCSD(T) method. Equilibrium geometries, dipole moments, harmonic frequencies and infrared intensities are predicted. The XO bond distance is shown to be abnormally long for X=F and Cl, which is attributed to the degree of ionic bonding and the stability of NO + . Stability of the XON molecule relative to the XNO isomer is shown to increase in the order HON
Single-Constant Simplification of Kubelka-Munk Turbid-Media Theory for Paint Systems—A Review

For opaque coloration systems, Kubelka-Munk turbid media theory is used commonly to model optical mix- ing behavior. Most educational publications on the subject use opaque paint systems when describing the two-constant approach and textile systems when describing the single- constant simplification. Because of the differences in defin- ing concentration for these systems and the corresponding degrees of freedom, the single-constant simplification for paint and textile systems are not identical. The second edi- tion of ''Principles of Color Technology'' showed a numeri- cal example for an opaque paint system modeled using the textile equations. The third edition used the same example but modified the degrees of freedom, a hybrid of the paint and textile approaches. Recent research by Berns and Mohammadi has evaluated the single-constant simplifica- tion for modeling artist paints; they have used both the hybrid and paint approaches. Thus, it was of interest to review these different approaches and determine whether these differences have practical importance and whether future printings and editions of Principles of Color Tech- nology should be modified. The three approaches were tested for tints made from a mixture of cobalt blue and tita- nium white acrylic emulsion artist paints. The differences between the textile and hybrid approaches were inconse- quential. The paint approach was superior and its use is recommended for opaque paint systems. The differences in the numerical example from Principles of Color Technology were very small. For future printings of the third edition, the example will remain unchanged. For future editions, including the numerical example remains an open ques-
Structure and Mechanism of Kainate Receptor Modulation by Anions

Summary L-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain, activates a family of ligand-gated ion channels, the major subtypes of which are named AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptors. In common with many signal transduction proteins, glutamate receptors are modulated by ions and small molecules, including Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , protons, polyamines, and steroids. Strikingly, the activation of kainate receptors by glutamate requires the presence of both Na + and Cl − in the extracellular solution, and in the absence of these ions, receptor activity is abolished. Here, we identify the site and mechanism of action of anions. Surprisingly, we find that Cl − ions are essential structural components of kainate receptors. Cl − ions bind in a cavity formed at the interface between subunits in a dimer pair. In the absence of Cl − , dimer stability is reduced, the rate of desensitization increases, and the fraction of receptors competent for activation by glutamate drops precipitously.
The nature of toxins of herpes simplex virus. II. Quantitation of pyrogenicity and lethality following intracerebral injection of herpes simplex virus in young rabbits.

The intracerebral injection of herpes simplex virus in young rabbits produced transitory febrile responses. When a second injection was given 3 to 24 hours later similarly, the pyrogenicity of this second injection was greater than that of the first injection. Such an effect could be produced even with a first injection of an ultraviolet-irradiated virus preparation. Such an injection also, significantly shortened the survival time of the rabbits following a second injection of infectious virus. It was shown that this potentiation of toxicity was a quite different phenomenon from that of presensitization of the rabbits by herpesvirus infection or by the injection of antiherpes serum, in which cases the pyrogenicity of an intracerebral injection of the herpesvirus was increased, but the resistance to infection by the virus was also increased. It was found that the titration of the pyrogenicity by intracerebral injections was one of the most sensitive methods for detecting the pyrogens of the herpes simplex virus. The pyrogenic effects were neutralized by specific antisera against this virus.
Effects of breastfeeding on postpartum weight loss among U.S. women.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of breastfeeding on maternal weight loss in the 12 months postpartum among U.S. women. Methods Using data from a national cohort of U.S. women conducted in 2005–2007 ( N = 2102), we employed propensity scores to match women who breastfed exclusively and non-exclusive for at least three months to comparison women who had not breastfed or breastfed for less than three months. Outcomes included postpartum weight loss at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum; and the probability of returning to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category and the probability of returning to pre-pregnancy weight. Results Compared to women who did not breastfeed or breastfed non-exclusively, exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3 months resulted in 3.2 pound (95% CI: 1.4,4.7) greater weight loss at 12 months postpartum, a 6.0-percentage-point increase (95% CI: 2.3,9.7) in the probability of returning to the same or lower BMI category postpartum; and a 6.1-percentage-point increase (95% CI: 1.0,11.3) in the probability of returning to pre-pregnancy weight or lower postpartum. Non-exclusive breastfeeding did not significantly affect any outcomes. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that exclusive breastfeeding for at least three months has a small effect on postpartum weight loss among U.S. women.
Ni K-edge XAS suggests that coordination of NiII to the unstructured amyloidogenic region of the human prion protein produces a Ni2 bis-μ-hydroxo dimer

Prion diseases are thought to be caused by the misfolding of the ubiquitous neuronal membrane prion protein (PrP) through an unknown mechanism that may involve Cu{sup II} coordination to the PrP. Previous work has utilized Ni{sup II} as a diamagnetic probe for Cu{sup II} coordination [C.E. Jones, M. Klewpatinond, S.R. Abdelraheim, D.R. Brown, J.H. Viles, J. Mol. Biol. 346 (2005) 1393-1407]. Herein we investigate Ni{sup II} coordination to the PrP fragment PrP(93-114) (AcN-GGTHSQWNKPSKPKTNMKHMAG) at pH = 10.0 by Ni K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We find that two equivalents of Ni{sup II} will coordinate to PrP(93-114) by UV/Vis titrations and mass spectrometry. Ni K-edge XAS data is consistent with Ni{sup II} ligated by five N/O based ligands (three N/O ligands at 2.01(2) {angstrom} and two at 1.855(2) {angstrom}). We were also able to locate a Ni-Ni vector at 3.1(1) {angstrom}, which suggests the two Ni{sup II} centers are contained in a bis-{mu}-hydroxo dimer. We therefore suggest that Ni{sup II} may not be a suitable diamagnetic mimic for Cu{sup II} coordination within the PrP since differential coordination modes for the two metals exist.
A Study of the Q-1 Interval in Atrial Fibrillation with and without Mitral Stenosis

The Q-1 interval has been studied and plotted against cycle length (preceding R-R interval) in 41 patients with atrial fibrillation. Employed in such a manner, the Q-1 measurement is a useful adjunct in the study of atrial fibrillation when mitral stenosis is present or suspected. In patients with mitral stenosis, the usual finding was an inverse relationship between the Q-1 interval and the preceding cycle length, i.e., as the cycle length increased, the Q-1 interval decreased. Severe degrees of stenosis appeared to cause characteristic variation of the Q-1 interval even at relatively long cycle lengths, reflecting the longer persisting pressure gradient across the mitral valve. In the absence of mitral stenosis, there generally was no such Q-1 variation, particularly with cycle lengths of longer than 0.6 second.
Empirical Determinations Of The Local And Global Optical Properties Of Irradiance Fields In The Sea

It is shown how the exact two-flow model for upward and downward irradiance fields in the sea can yield numerical determinations of the coefficients of the model. These coefficients are interpretable as the local optical properties of the sea. Knowledge of the upward and downward irradiances at any two distinct depths in the sea will generally allow such a determination of the average local optical properties of the sea between the the chosen depths. From such determinations we can in principle find the four global optical pro-perties of each layer of the sea, namely the transmittance and reflectance factors for the upward and downward irradiances, associated with each layer of the sea. Finally, knowledge of both local and global properties, together with measured upward and downward irradiances at each depth, allow the detection and deter-mination of internal sources of radiant energy in the sea (e.g. fluorescent phenomena). The procedures for irradiance just described can be elevated without essential change to the radiance level.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Antimagic labeling and canonical decomposition of graphs

An antimagic labeling of a connected graph with m edges is an injective assignment of labels from {1,...,m} to the edges such that the sums of incident labels are distinct at distinct vertices. Hartsfield and Ringel conjectured that every connected graph other than K"2 has an antimagic labeling. We prove this for the classes of split graphs and graphs decomposable under the canonical decomposition introduced by Tyshkevich. As a consequence, we provide a sufficient condition on graph degree sequences to guarantee an antimagic labeling.