cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protracted impairment of impulse control under an acute dose of alcohol: A time-course analysis

Abstract Alcohol is well-known for impairing impulse control as well as its disruptive effects on other aspects of behavioral functioning, such as motor control. Time-course analyses during a single dose show rapid development of acute tolerance to impairment of motor coordination, reaction time, and levels of subjective intoxication, but no acute tolerance to impairment of the ability to inhibit responses. Evidence for a possible lag in tolerance development to the impairing effects of alcohol on inhibitory control suggests that, as drinkers' blood alcohol concentration (BAC) declines, they might exhibit prolonged impulsivity despite having an unimpaired ability to initiate action. The present study extended the time-course analysis to examine the recovery of inhibitory control under a dose of alcohol as drinkers' BAC descended from a peak of 80 mg/100 ml to a zero level. Twenty-four healthy adults were tested following 0.65 g/kg alcohol and a placebo in a counterbalanced order. They performed a cued go/no-go task that measured response inhibition. They also performed tasks that assessed reaction time, motor coordination, and completed ratings of their subjective levels of intoxication. Alcohol initially impaired inhibitory control, response time, and motor coordination and increased subjective ratings of intoxication. However, acute tolerance to the impairing effects of alcohol was observed for measures of response time, motor coordination, and ratings of intoxication and these measures returned to sober (i.e., placebo) levels by the time BAC fell to near zero. By contrast, impairment of inhibitory control showed no acute tolerance and remained impaired even when drinkers' BAC returned to near zero. Taken together, these results indicate that the disinhibiting effects of alcohol are present even when the impairing effects of alcohol on other aspects of behavior have diminished under the dose. These findings could provide a greater understanding of impulsive behaviors during the descending limb of intoxication.
An XPS Study of the Plasma Etching of Aluminum with CCl4

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been employed to study the plasma etching of oxidized aluminum with CCl4. The data indicate that the plasma etching of Al/Al2O3 with CCl4. produces a complex chlorocarbon polymer. Further, during the etching process, AlCl3 is imbedded in the substrate. Post-etching with CF4 to remove the imbedded material does not remove all of the AlCl3. The remaining AlCl3 can react with water to form HCl and, therefore, initiate corrosion of the aluminum. However, the water adsorption/desorption characteristics of unetched and etched Al/Al2O3 are essentially identical.
Strategies for testing client-server interactions in mobile applications: how to move fast and not break things

Modern smartphone ecosystems have their unique set of constraints which makes testing the contract between client and servers hard. In this paper we will describe the Google+ team's approaches to solving this problem. We will describe our testing philosophy followed by a couple of frameworks and test design patterns that we have found to be really useful in a client-server testing context.
PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE EXPRESSION IS DECREASED IN A LAMB MODEL OF NEONATAL PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. • 2082

PULMONARY ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE EXPRESSION IS DECREASED IN A LAMB MODEL OF NEONATAL PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. • 2082
SOLVABLE GROUPS WITH CHARACTER DEGREE GRAPHS HAVING 5 VERTICES AND DIAMETER 3

ABSTRACT Let G be a finite group and cd(G) the character degrees of G. The degree graph Δ(G) of G is the graph whose vertices are the primes dividing degrees in cd(G), and there is an edge between p and q if pq divides some degree in cd(G). In this paper, we show that if Δ(G) has 5 vertices, then the diameter of Δ(G) is at most 2. This shows that the example in[9] of a solvable group G where Δ(G) has diameter 3 has the fewest number of vertices possible.
Voice restoration by tracheo-tracheolaryngeal shunt after laryngotracheal diversion for chronic aspiration

In patients with intractable aspiration it is often necessary to separate the upper airway from the lower tracheobronchial structures. It is possible to achieve voice restoration after laryngotracheal separation by creating a shunt between the distal posterior tracheal stoma wall and the proximal laryngotracheal segment. This physiological approach differs from alaryngeal tracheo-esophageal puncture techniques in that voice is generated from a structurally intact residual larynx.
Probabilistic version of the method of feasible directions

A probabilistic version of the method of feasible directions (MFD) for solving nonlinear programming (NLP) problems of the type min{f(x): f"j(x)=<0,j=1,2,...,m} is presented. Randomization is applied to modify the algorithm and a global convergence Theorem is used in the analysis of convergence. Some numerical experiments on problems with known solutions serve to compare this method with the traditional deterministic versions.
Microbicides for HIV/AIDS. 1. Electrophoretic Fingerprinting the H9 Cell Model System†

An electrophoretic fingerprint of a CD4+ T-cell (H9) has been produced for the first time. Samples were taken from three separate cultures prepared at different times to obtain a general characterization of the cells. The availability of commercial instrumentation equipped with an auto-titrator has made possible the application of both the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional representation of electrophoretic fingerprinting. The 2-dimensional treatment has been used to assess the reliability of the data and has detected hysteresis as a possible second-order effect. The 3-dimensional representation has been used to explore the data needed for a reliable overall pattern that characterizes the conditions of pH and conductivity required for an effective microbicide. The dome negative maximum in the electrophoretic fingerprint at high pH, along with the line of zero mobility (LZM) and a dome positive maximum at low pH, are interpreted as evidence for surface carboxyl groups prominent in the alkaline regime and surface amino groups prominent in the acid regime, suggesting that the H9 cell surface is zwitterionic. This has important implications as to the choice and design of microbicide actives.
Not the end of the world

The Ultimate Fate of the Universe. By Jamal N. Islam. Cambridge University Press: 1983. Pp.156. £7.95, $13.95. Evolution of the Universe. By I.D. Novikov. Cambridge University Press: 1983. Pp.176. £7.95, $14.95.
Pilot Study of Prophylactic Ex Vivo Costimulated Donor Leukocyte Infusion After Reduced-Intensity Conditioned Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract Donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) can induce potent graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity in patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Unfortunately, except in patients with chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, responses to DLI have been disappointing. GVL induction is likely to be most effective in the setting of minimal residual disease. Prevention of relapse through the provision of prophylactic DLI to high-risk patients may improve the outcome of allogeneic HSCT. We previously reported that ex vivo costimulated T cell infusion of activated DLI (aDLI) as treatment for relapse is safe and has potent GVL effects. We hypothesized that prophylactic aDLI can be given safely and prevent relapse in high-risk patients after allogeneic HSCT. Eighteen patients with acute myeolgenous leukemia (n = 14), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 3), or myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 1) underwent allogeneic HSCT after a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen with alemtuzumab, fludarabine, and busulfan. Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and methotrexate with a planned early and rapid taper of tacrolimus. Patients without GVHD, off immune suppression, and in remission received aDLI at a dose of 1 × 107 CD3+ cells/kg (aDLI 1) at day +120, followed by a second infusion of 1 × 108 CD3 cells/kg (aDLI 2) at day +180. At a median follow-up of 58 months, 5 of the 18 patients (28%) were alive, and 4 patients were in remission. Eleven patients (65%) relapsed, at a median time of 191 days. Twelve of the 18 patients received at least one aDLI, and 6 of these 12 patients also received aDLI 2. Six patients did not receive any aDLI owing to early relapse (n = 2), protocol ineligibility (n = 1), or GVHD (n = 3). Only 2 of the 12 patients who received aDLI 1 developed GVHD. Two out of the 12 patients remain in remission at the time of this report. Disease recurrence was the cause of death in 10 of the 13 patients (77%) who died. Our data indicate that prophylactic ex vivo costimulated CD3/CD28 DLI is safe, feasible, and not associated with significant GVHD. Relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure after RIC HSCT even with rapid withdrawal of immune suppression and the use of prophylactic aDLI, and better strategies to prevent relapse are needed.
Observables, skein relations, and tetrahedra in Chern-Simons gauge theory

Abstract The observables in three-dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theory are Wilson lines and Wilson graphs. Skein relations are non-trivial identities between expectation values of distinct Wilson graphs. We discuss various kinds of skein relations and the relationships between them. By comparing different kinds of skein relations, we show how to calculate the expectation value of a general tetrahedral Wilson graph. This is shown to be the last and most difficult step in a systematic procedure for calculating the expectation values of arbitrary Wilson graphs in arbitrary representations of arbitrary gauge groups.
Finding a Voice: Poetry and People With Developmental Disabilities

Poetry may be used as a vehicle for self-expression with individuals who have developmental disabilities, even with those who may be only minimally verbal. Poetry by well-known poets may be used to illustrate concepts and to enhance the creative experience. Then, through strategic questioning, participants' ideas are recorded in poetic form. The results may be therapeutic in many ways as well as powerful expressions of human experience.
Cell mechanics: Contracting to stiffness.

Atomic force microscopy experiments on individual blood platelets reveal their dynamic contractile response to varied stiffness of the substrate.
Bacterial Endotoxins and Pathogenesis

Recent advances in endotoxin biochemistry, cell biology, and immunopathology are reviewed. Discussion is focused on the endotoxin-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mouse and the contributions the studies of this mouse have made to current concepts of the mechanisms of endotoxin action. The extension of the observations documented with this experimental model provide a firm foundation for productive future research into the precise role of bacterial endotoxins in the protection against, and exacerbation of, gram-negative bacterial sepsis.
Cloud droplet activation: solubility revisited

Abstract. Soluble compounds present in atmospheric aerosol facilitate their transformation into cloud droplets by depressing the equilibrium vapor pressure required for activation. Their impact depends on the amount of dissolved substance in the aerosol aqueous phase, which in turn is controlled by its solubility. This study explores the impact of particle curvature on solubility, expressed in terms of a Kelvin enhancement. The augmented solubility, termed "Curvature Enhanced Solubility" (CES), is then introduced into Kohler theory for assessment of its impact on CCN activity for several organic compounds with a wide range of aqueous solubility. The interfacial energy between solute and aqueous phase required for quantification of CES is determined from existing correlations based on bulk solubility, and concurrent measurements of contact angle and surface tension. A number of important findings arise from this study: i) CES can substantially increase solubility and impact CCN activity but only if the aerosol is initially wet, ii) CES can stabilize highly supersaturated solutions, and provide a mechanism for retention of an aerosol aqueous phase even at very low relative humidity (RH), and, iii) trace amounts of surfactant impurities can magnify the impact of CES.
Synthesis of isolated silver nanoparticles and their aggregates manipulated by light

The feasibility of light-driven engineering of isolated colloidal silver nanoparticles or, alternatively, of large fractal-type aggregates comprising hundreds to thousands of nanoparticles is investigated. Control over the size and shape of such nanostructures is shown by varying the type of optical irradiation and the amount and type of stabilizing agent. Manipulation of the morphology of plasmonic nanoparticles and composites provides control their optical properties, ability to concentrate electromagnetic radiation on subwavelength scales and ability to dramatically enhance nonlinear optical processes on the nanoscale.
The onset of relativistic effects in the density of states of the 6s6p elements Tl, Pb, and Bi

Abstract Spin-orbit splitting of the 6p band is manifest in the XPS spectra of Pb and Bi. Lowered energies of the 6s band indicate the presence of the mass-velocoty and Darwin terms.
Characteristics of desensitization of insulin secretion in fully in vitro systems.

This report has investigated desensitization of pancreatic B cell secretion, or diminution of the insulin response to chronic stimulation. Freshly isolated rat islets were continuously challenged with various secretagogues over 24 h either in batch incubation or in a computer-controlled, flow-through perifusion system. At various glucose concentrations, secretion rose to a peak level in the third hour, then dropped to a new desensitized secretory level which was 25% or less than that of the maximum rate. The amount of insulin secreted was glucose dependent although secretory kinetics were independent of the amount of hormone secreted. At all glucose concentrations the reduction in islet insulin content was not great enough to account for the observed degree of desensitization. Furthermore at hour 20, islets responded vigorously to an alternate stimulus, indicating insulin stores and islet secretory machinery were still capable of being stimulated. Addition of 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine or forskolin did n...
Mitochondrially localized PKA reverses mitochondrial pathology and dysfunction in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease

Mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are associated with a familial syndrome related to Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously reported that stable neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines with reduced expression of endogenous PINK1 exhibit mitochondrial fragmentation, increased mitochondria-derived superoxide, induction of compensatory macroautophagy/mitophagy and a low level of ongoing cell death. In this study, we investigated the ability of protein kinase A (PKA) to confer protection in this model, focusing on its subcellular targeting. Either: (1) treatment with pharmacological PKA activators; (2) transient expression of a constitutively active form of mitochondria-targeted PKA; or (3) transient expression of wild-type A kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1), a scaffold that targets endogenous PKA to mitochondria, reversed each of the phenotypes attributed to loss of PINK1 in SH-SY5Y cells, and rescued parameters of mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction. Mitochondrial and lysosomal changes in primary cortical neurons derived from PINK1 knockout mice or subjected to PINK1 RNAi were also reversed by the activation of PKA. PKA phosphorylates the rat dynamin-related protein 1 isoform 1 (Drp1) at serine 656 (homologous to human serine 637), inhibiting its pro-fission function. Mimicking phosphorylation of Drp1 recapitulated many of the protective effects of AKAP1/PKA. These data indicate that redirecting endogenous PKA to mitochondria can compensate for deficiencies in PINK1 function, highlighting the importance of compartmentalized signaling networks in mitochondrial quality control.
Role of Parent Training in the Effective Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Parent training can be an effective strategy for assisting children and their families to cope with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly when it is used as part of a multimodal approach in combination with stimulant medication. The benefits of parent training include: cost effectiveness, particularly when applied in group formats; structured format, enabling the treatment to be applied in a relatively standardized manner across settings and providers; and its generally high degree of acceptability to families. Challenges to implementing parent training programs include: problems with adherence to treatment that may be related to parenting stress; inaccessibility of services; cultural differences between clinicians and families; and the limited financial resources of some families. This article reviews the literature on the effectiveness of parent training as a treatment for ADHD and presents potential benefits as well as barriers to effective interventions. For each barrier, proposed solutions are recommended. Two examples of comprehensive parent training programs used in the treatment of ADHD are provided.
Spectroscopic Studies of Indigo Carmine Dye in Organized Media

The absorbance and fluorescence properties of indigo carmine (IC) dye have been investigated in various solvents and organized media (beta-, gamma-, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-, 2,6-Di-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrins and CTAB and Brij-35 surfactants). A long-wavelength (LW) emission for IC dye in solution is reported that results from the long-wavelength excitation energy of the molecule (~ 609 nm). This emission for IC dye exhibits significant sensitivity to changes in viscosity and hydrophobicity of the microenvironments of the various organized media and solvents used. Induced circular dichroism (ICD) studies of the dye in 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin indicate an axial inclusion of the molecule along the CD axis of symmetry. The spectral data in organized media are supplemented by photochemical stability and binding studies of the molecule in aqueous solutions of CDs under neutral (pH 7) and basic (pH 12) conditions, at 25 C and 37 C. These data are used to suggest the suitability of the dye as a molecular probe and as a reagent in the development of a hydroperoxide assay.
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Immunosuppressed Hosts: II. Ocular Manifestations

We observed the course of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in 21 eyes of 14 immunosuppressed patients. In two patients, other organisms, specifically Toxoplasma and Candida, also appeared to be causing retinal disease simultaneously. Post-mortem examination was done on 10 eyes from seven patients. At initial presentation, the retinitis was often asymptomatic and diagnosed during routine examination. The ophthalmoscopic picture was characteristic of cytomegalovirus; the early lesion was a small opaque, white granular area of retinal necrosis that spread in a centrifugal, brush-fire-like manner over 1 to 8 months. Vessel sheating and hemorrhages appeared as the disease progressed. In two patients new foci of retinitis developed remote from the original lesion. Four weeks to 4 months (average, 10 weeks) elapsed from the most extensive disease to total resolution. Resolution of active disease left a subtle retinal scar, and final visual acuity was reduced in one half the eyes. Repeated ophthalmoscopic examinations can aid in early diagnosis of CMV retinitis and in ascertaining which persons are most at risk for visual loss.
The effect of mercury on the growth rate of Fragilaria crotonensis kitton and Asterionella formosa Hass.

The effects of two mercury salts Hg(NO3)2 and HgCl2 on the growth rate ofFragilaria crotonensis Kitton andAsterionella formosa Hass. were investigated.Fragilaria crotonensis showed total inhibition at 0.1 ppm and a 4 day increase in lag phase along with a 2–4 fold reduction in growth rate at 0.05 ppm.Asterionella formosa showed a gradual increase in lag phase and reduction in growth rate with increasing concentrations of mercury up to 0.25 ppm with total inhibition at 0.5 ppm. Mercury salts in cultures of both species with soil extract additives were significantly less toxic than in totally defined systems. Cultures ofA. formosa deviated from the typical 8–16 celled stellate colony at sublethal concentrations to form large cylindrical stacks composed of 25 to 30 colonies.
Mirror-lepton phenomenology in a left-right model with ultralight Dirac neutrinos

A study of the production and decay of heavy mirror leptons is presented in the framework of a left-right model that yields ultralight Dirac neutrinos. Qualitative limits on the masses of the light neutrinos are also presented in terms of bounds on the heavy-mirror-lepton masses.
Opponent chromatic mechanisms: Relation to photopigments and hue naming

Opponent chromatic response functions were determined for monochromatic, equal-luminance stimuli from 400 to 700 nm for three observers using a hue cancellation procedure. The same observers scaled the hue of the stimuli using the terms red, green, yellow, and blue. The results showed that the hue scaling was accurately predicted from the cancellation functions using the model of Hurvich and Jameson. Theoretical curves were generated to fit the chromatic response functions with a linear combination of three cone photopigments. The theoretical photopigments were based on an iodopsin nomogram with λmax at a = 435, β = 530, and γ = 562 nm. An estimate of the density of each observer’s preretinal optic media was obtained in order to relate the photopigment absorption spectra to the psychophysical data. Good linear fits were obtained for each observer’s red-green curve, but not for the yellow-blue curves. A nonlinear model with an expansive exponent was used to fit the yellow-blue response functions with the three theoretical photopigments.
The Yale Guideline Recommendation Corpus: a representative sample of the knowledge content of guidelines.

Abstract Objective To develop and characterize a large, representative sample of guideline recommendations that can be used to better understand how current recommendations are written and to test the adequacy of guideline models. We refer to this sample as the Yale Guideline Recommendation Corpus (YGRC). Method To develop the YGRC, we extracted recommendations from guidelines downloaded from the National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC). We evaluated the representativeness of the YGRC by comparing the frequency of use of controlled vocabulary terms in the YGRC sample and in the NGC. We examined semantic and formatting indicators that were used to denote recommendation statements. Results In the course of reviewing 7527 recommendation statements, we extracted 1275 recommendations from the NGC and characterized the guidelines from which they were derived. Both semantic and formatting indicators were used inconsistently to denote recommendations. Recommendation statements were not reliably identifiable in 31.6% (310/982) of the guidelines and many recommendations were not executable as written. We also found variability and inconsistency in the way strength of recommendation is currently reported. Over half of the recommendations (52.7%), did not indicate strength, while 6.5% inaccurately indicated strength. Conclusion The YGRC provides a representative sample of current guideline recommendations and demonstrates considerable variability and inconsistency in the way recommendations are written and in the way the recommendation strength is currently reported.
Aberration Theories for Semiautomatic Lens Design by Electronic Computers. II. A Specific Computer Program

A specific computer program for the intermediate and final stages of a lens design problem is described. The program is based on an orthonormal aberration theory as defined in Part I of this paper. The program is intended to run unattended from input data to conclusion. The program has been used successfully and results are described qualitatively.
A Framework for Developing Web-Service-Based Intelligent Geospatial Knowledge Systems

Abstract This paper discusses an interoperable system framework for developing web-service-based intelligent geospatial knowledge systems. This type of systems facilitates personalized, on-demand geospatial information or knowledge discovery and dissemination. The system will be able to answer “what if” questions by automatically and intelligently chaining individual service modules to form a complex geospatial processing model, matching the input data with the model, and executing the processing model to deliver answers to the users. The system also has the capabilities to evolve and improve by itself. The framework is based on the geo-object and geo-tree concepts, which simulate the geospatial processing models constructed by the experts in geospatial knowledge discovery. The framework also relies on the geospatial interoperability standards, developed primarily by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), recent progress in semantic Web technology and interoperable geospatial Web services. The geo-object a...
Resonant phonon modes in doped granular aluminum films

Very dilute doping of granular Al films with Ag, Cu, or Au alters the superconducting tunneling behavior of such films in a manner consistent with the appearance of resonant phonon modes.
Rapid Estrogen Receptor Signaling is Essential for the Protective Effects of Estrogen Against Vascular Injury

Background—Clinical trial and epidemiological data support that the cardiovascular effects of estrogen are complex, including a mixture of both potentially beneficial and harmful effects. In animal...
Breast Feeding Beyond Six Months: Mothers' Perceptions of the Positive and Negative Consequences

The positive and negative emotional and physical experiences of 152 long-term breastfeeding (defined as breastfeeding past 6 months) US and Canadian mothers are described. They were chosen randomly from a sample of 1038 nursing mothers responding to a request for participation in the study appearing in a breastfeeding newsletter. The questionnaire contained 51 short-answer and 52 free-response questions. The mothers in the sample were predominately White. Their mean age was 29.4 years with a range of 20-39. 77% had 1 or more and 44% had 4 or more years of university; they were therefore older and better educated than the average for most North American mothers. Only 1.5% perceived no positive consequences of breastfeeding. 50% of mothers thought their child was more secure 22% thought their child achieved relative independence with less stress 8.5% thought there was a positive educative influence on older siblings. Responding to a free-response question 20.6% of mothers thought that breastfeeding soothed "crises of toddlerhood" and 22.7% thought it soothed an comforted a hurt child. 47% of mothers nursing past 6 months perceived no negative consequences. 24.3% nursing after 6 months and 41.9% nursing after 12 months encountered social stigma connected with breastfeeding. 10% of mothers nursing more mobile verbal toddlers suffered embarassing moments when their children made known in public that they still nursed. 15% of the mothers felt tied down by nursing after 6 months a figure which dropped to 7% after 12 months when nursing was less frequent and shorter. 22% of mothers rescheduled their own activities to give top priority to breastfeeding. The results of studies such as this as well as the efforts of concerned groups should have a positive impact on breastfeeding practice.
Intact vs. impaired ictal sensorium: Does it affect outcome of psychogenic nonepileptic events following disclosure of diagnosis?

Abstract It remains uncertain whether particular ictal manifestations of psychogenic nonepileptic events (PNEE) can reflect distinctive psychological processes or prognostic outcomes. We hypothesize that the integrity of ictal sensorium may affect the clinical outcome of PNEE following disclosure of diagnosis. We prospectively studied 47 veterans who were diagnosed with video–EEG-confirmed PNEE, presented with the diagnosis utilizing a standardized communication strategy, and followed for their clinical progress. When compared to patients with intact ictal sensorium, significantly smaller proportion of patients with impaired ictal sensorium endorsed improvement of either PNEE frequency or intensity across both the initial 1- to 3-month (p = 0.005) and ensuing 6- to 9-month (p = 0.01) follow-ups. However, improvement among patients with impaired ictal sensorium was more significantly associated with their level of understanding for the PNEE diagnosis across both the initial (rho = 0.41, p = 0.017) and ensuing (rho = 0.43, p = 0.015) follow-ups. Our study presents preliminary evidence underscoring the potential clinical significance of ictal sensorial integrity when evaluating patients with PNEE.
Axial dispersion with chemical reaction in packed bed reactors

Data on axial dispersion in packed beds is presented. The effect of axial dispersion on first and second order reactions in packed beds in the near plug flow region is predicted from transient response with no reaction.
Electrochemistry and ESR spectroscopy of hemin and hemeoctapeptide from equine cytochrome-c with several ligands

The cyclic voltammograms and ESR spectra are reported for a series of ligands coordinated to hemin and the ferric hemeoctapeptide (H8PT). The ligands consist of small anions as well as five membered and six membered aromatic and nonaromatic heterocycles with nitrogenous and oxygenous donor atoms. The electrochemistry of the heme-ligand complexes is studied in DMF solution. The axial imidazole coordination from the histidine in H8PT has the effect of attenuating the potential shift caused by the ligand occupying the trans axial position.
Heterogeneity of crystalline insulin.

Crystalline insulin derived from 11 species consists of multiple electrophoretic components all of which exhibit the biological and immunological properties of insulin. (Endocrinology 78: 1115, 1966)
Distributed programming with distributed authorization

We propose a programming language, called PCML5, for building distributed applications with distributed access control. Target applications include web-based systems in which programs must compute with stipulated resources at different sites. In such a setting, access control policies are decentralized (each site may impose restrictions on access to its resources without the knowledge of or cooperation with other sites) and spatially distributed each site may store its policies locally). To enforce such policies PCML5 employs a distributed proof-carrying authorization framework in which sensitive resources are governed by reference monitors that authenticate principals and demand logical proofs of compliance with site-specific access control policies. The language provides primitive operations for authentication, and acquisition of proofs from local policies. The type system of PCML5 enforces locality restrictions on resources, ensuring that they can only be accessed from the site at which they reside, and enforces the authentication and authorization obligations required to comply with local access control policies. This ensures that a well-typed PCML5 program cannot incur a runtime access control violation at a reference monitor for a controlled resource.
Enterprise scale portfolio analysis at the national oceanic and atmospheric administration (NOAA)

This article describes an approach to modeling the value of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's investment options that was used to select portfolios of environmental observing systems that best satisfy NOAA's mission-critical observing requirements at target budget constraints. We describe a portfolio analysis approach based on capability-based performance measures that was developed to satisfy recent Government acquisition and planning regulations. The evaluation and selection methodology utilized a MITRE-developed optimization tool called the Portfolio Analysis Machine or PALMA™. PALMA has been used at a variety of Government agencies to support selection of investment portfolios. Because of the detailed and extensive nature of the NOAA mission tree decomposition, we use a notional—and simpler—Search and Rescue mission to describe PALMA's capabilities in more detail. Finally, we provide some observations on results, including the impact on NOAA investment decisions, and lessons learned from the NOAA implementations of investment analysis and some future directions for this work. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Reflectivity from a density-modulated resonant medium

For weak fields, I obtain the reflectivity from a spatially-modulated resonant medium. For small modulation wavevectors, the frequency shift and the reflectivity spectral-width are reduced. For larger modulation wavevectors, a steep fall of the spectral-shape on the ultraviolet side develops, which may create a spectral hole in the vicinity of the resonance.
Inheritance and allelism of resistances to the Russian wheat aphid in seven wheat lines

Studies were conducted to determine the inheritance and allelic relationships of genes controlling resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in seven wheat germplasm lines previously identified as resistant to RWA. The seven resistant lines were crossed to a susceptible wheat cultivar Carson, and three resistant wheats, CORWA1, PI294994 and PI243781, lines carrying the resistance genes Dn4, Dn5 and Dn6, respectively. Seedlings of the parents, F1 and F2 were screened for RWA resistance in the greenhouse by artificial infestation. Seedling reactions were evaluated 21 to 28 days after the infestation using a 1 to 9 scale. All the F1 hybrids had equal or near equal levels of resistance to the resistant parent indicating dominant gene control. Only two distinctive classes were present and no intermediate types were observed in the F2 segregation suggesting major gene actions. The resistance in PI225262 was controlled by two dominant genes. Resistance in all other lines was controlled by a single dominant gene. KS92WGRC24 appeared to have the same resistance gene as PI243781 and STARS-9302W-sib had a common allele with PI294994. The other lines had genes different from the three known genes.
Gemcitabine-(C4-amide)-[anti-HER2/neu] Anti-Neoplastic Cytotoxicity in Dual Combination with Mebendazole against Chemotherapeutic-Resistant Mammary Adenocarcinoma

Gemcitabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog that becomes triphosphorylated and competitively inhibits cytidine incorporation into DNA strands. Diphosphorylated gemcitabine irreversibly inhibits ribonucleotide reductase thereby preventing deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. Functioning as a potent chemotherapeutic, gemcitabine decreases neoplastic cell proliferation and induces apoptosis which accounts for its effectiveness in the clinical treatment of several leukemia and carcinoma cell types. A brief plasma half-life due to rapid deamination, chemotherapeutic-resistance and sequelae restrict gemcitabine utility in clinical oncology. Selective “targeted” gemcitabine delivery represents a molecular strategy for prolonging its plasma half-life and minimizing innocent tissue/organ exposure.
Negotiating Zen Buddhist and Western language ideologies and identities in a text-based, English-language online forum

This article explores how members of an English-language, online Zen Buddhist forum communicate their Buddhist identities and constitute a community through online postings. In the absence of the typical, constitutive elements of Zen Buddhist communities – a physical temple, monks, and copresent, silent meditation – ways of using language are the central means to performing Zen Buddhist identities. An analysis of segments of four threads on this forum shows forum members negotiating two competing linguistic ideologies: (1) an everyday Western language ideology that privileges logical, linear, and referential use of language, and (2) a Zen Buddhist language ideology that approaches everyday rational language as an impediment to achieving enlightenment and that privileges nonlogical, paradoxical language as a means to overcoming the limitations of ordinary, everyday thinking. Theoretically, this illustrates the power of language to enact ideologies and constitute community in an online space that is not tie...
A high-order method for the approximate identification of the matrix of a linear differential system

For a linear differential system y′ = Ay with unknown matrix A, we approximate A by a particular linear combination of values of the observed exponential matrix etA at t = θjh, 0 < \gq ⩽ ¦ θj¦ < \gq, 0 < h < 1, j = 1,…, n and show that the L1 norm of the error matrix is O(hn).
On the Role of Abstraction in Global and Local Processing Phenomena

In their target article, Forster and Dannenberg (this issue) review empirical findings from diverse lines of research that highlight the importance of understanding global and local processing diff...
Outcome Measures to Determine the Importance of Dietitians in Diabetes Care in a Primary Care Setting

Abstract The effect of nutrition intervention by a dietitian on patient outcomes, and whether the number of visits impacted these outcomes were studied in a retrospective analysis of one hundred forty seven patient charts of a family practice center over forty years of age with a diagnosis of NIDDM. Patients were divided into experimental group (n=77), who received nutrition intervention, and control group (n=70), who received no nutrition intervention. Main outcomes, measured at baseline, one year from baseline, and most recent outcomes available in the chart, included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA 1c ), number of physician, dietitian, and nurse educator visits, and hospitalizations. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, one-way analysis of variance and paired t -tests. No significant differences were found in age, race, and height between groups. Group means were significantly different in weight ( p =0.04) and BMI ( p =0.01) at baseline and most recent points ( p =0.04; p =0.004, respectively), and also, in HgbA 1c ( p =0.02) at one year. Although not statistically significant, the experimental group had a two pound mean weight loss, and the control group had a five pound mean weight gain from baseline to one year. The experimental group also showed a 13% decline in mean blood glucose from baseline to most recent points. A significant decrease in HgbA 1c ( p =0.03) between mean baseline values and mean one-year values was also found in the experimental group. Highly significant differences were found in weight ( p ≤0.0001), BMI ( p ≤0.0001), blood glucose ( p ≤0.0001), and HgbA 1c ( p ≤0.0001) at mean one year and mean most recent values for the experimental group when number of nutrition visits were compared to each outcome. The results of this study suggest that diabetes education including nutrition intervention by a dietitian can result in an improvement in patient outcomes over time in this setting. The frequency of education appears to have a considerable effect on improvement of outcomes.
The incidence of multiple myeloma.

Abstract A survey of hospital records and death certificates yielded records of 279 residents of Brooklyn diagnosed as having multiple myeloma in the period 1943 to 1952. The mean annual incidence was 10.0 per million. During the last four years (1949 to 1952) the annual incidence in Brooklyn was 14.1 per million. United States death statistics gave a death rate from multiple myeloma of 8.9 per million during the same four years. Corrected sex ratios were 54.0 per cent (Brooklyn) and 55.4 per cent (United States). The association of multiple myeloma incidence with age is sharper than that of any other lymphomatous disease except chronic lymphatic leukemia. The incidence of multiple myeloma is higher in nonwhites than in whites. The excess risk experienced by the nonwhite compared to the white population is probably closer to 100 per cent (estimated from Brooklyn data) than 20 per cent (estimated from United States death statistics). Death rates from multiple myeloma in a number of other countries are calculated from data published by the World Health Organization.
Hybridization effects in U2(Re,Os)B6 and U(Ru,Os)B4

Abstract U 2 (Re,Os)B 6 and U(Ru,Os)B 4 were studied by means of lattice constants, specific heat and d.c. magnetic susceptibility. M ( H ) measurements reveal completely paramagnetic alloys at 2 K and the χ ( T ) data show a tendency to a nearly temperature independent susceptibility below 20 K with values from 0.91 to 1.86 memu U-mol −1 at 2 K. From specific heat measurements the calculated Sommerfeld coefficient γ is in the range from 24 to 38 mJ U-mol −1 K −2 . Neither C T vs. T ( nor χ vs. T) plots revealed any sign of collective order in the observed temperature interval from 1.1 to 12 K (1.7–400 K). The observed properties are discussed as effects resulting mainly from the hybridization between the U 5f electrons with the transition metal d electrons.
The impact of energy modulation on physical functioning and fatigue severity among patients with ME/CFS.

Abstract Objective The energy envelope postulates that patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) will improve functioning when maintaining expended energy levels at the same level as available energy level. Methods Estimated weekly Energy Quotients were established by dividing expended energy level by perceived energy level and multiplying by 100. Two groups of patients were identified following participation in a non-pharmacologic intervention trial. Some were able to keep expended energy close to available energy and others were not successful at this task. Results Those who were able to stay within their energy envelope had significant improvements in physical functioning and fatigue severity. Conclusion Findings suggest that helping patients with ME/CFS maintain appropriate energy expenditures in coordination with available energy reserves can help improve functioning over time. Practice implications Health care professionals that treat patients with ME/CFS might incorporate strategies that help patients self-monitor and self-regulate energy expenditures.
Lysosomal accumulation of drugs in drug-sensitive MES-SA but not multidrug-resistant MES-SA/Dx5 uterine sarcoma cells

Sequestration of drugs in intracellular vesicles has been associated with multidrug-resistance (MDR), but it is not clear why vesicular drug accumulation, which depends upon intracellular pH gradients, should be associated with MDR. Using a human uterine sarcoma cell line (MES-SA) and a doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant variant cell line (Dx-5), which expresses p-glycoprotein (PGP), we have addressed the relationship between multidrug resistance, vesicular acidification, and vesicular drug accumulation. Consistent with a pH-dependent mechanism of vesicular drug accumulation, studies of living cells vitally labeled with multiple probes indicate that DOX and daunorubicin (DNR) predominately accumulate in lysosomes, whose lumenal pH was measured at < 4.5, but are not detected in endosomes, whose pH was measured at 5.9. However, vesicular DOX accumulation is more pronounced in the drug-sensitive MES-SA cells and minimal in Dx5 cells even when cellular levels of DOX are increased by verapamil treatment. While lysosomal accumulation of DOX correlated well with pharmacologically induced differences in lysosome pH in MES-SA cells, lysosomal accumulation was minimal in Dx5 cells regardless of lysosomal pH. We found no differences in the pH of either endosomes or lysosomes between MES-SA and Dx5 cells, suggesting that, in contrast to other MDR cell systems, the drug-resistant Dx5 cells are refractory to pH-dependent vesicular drug accumulation. These studies demonstrate that altered endomembrane pH regulation is not a necessary consequence of cell transformation, and that vesicular sequestration of drugs is not a necessary characteristic of MDR.
Interspecific scaling of maxillary canine size and shape in female primates: Relationships to social structure and diet

Maxillary canine base area and height are evaluated relative to body weight and postcanine area for adult female primates from 32 species. In general, the canines are negatively allometric, becoming relatively smaller with increasing body size. Species with the relatively largest and smallest canines are compared according to diet, taxonomic group, territoriality, arboreality-terrestriality, and breeding system. Females from single-male, multi-female groups have a tendency for greater canine height than females from species with multi-male breeding units.
ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL FOR PULVERIZED COAL COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION.

Abstract A one-dimensional model has been developed for pulverized coal combustors and gasifiers. The model describes the response of a coal particle system to its thermal, chemical and physical environment. Moisture vaporization, coal devolatilization, heterogeneous char oxidation, gas particle interchange, radiation, gas phase oxidation, primary and secondary stream mixing, and heat losses are considered. A predictor-corrector solution technique was used to solve the ordinary non-linear differential equations. Several combustor and gasifier predictions are shown. The model predictions are compared with experimental data. The effects of particle size and distribution are shown to be particularly important. Significant rate controlling processes include initial particle heat-up and char surface reaction.
Non-cutaneous conditions clinicians might mistake for abuse

Objective To determine the frequency of non-cutaneous mimics identified in a large, multicentre cohort of children evaluated for physical abuse. Methods Prospectively planned, secondary analysis of 2890 physical abuse consultations from the Examining Siblings To Recognize Abuse (ExSTRA) research network. Data for each enrolled subject were entered at the child abuse physician9s diagnostic disposition. Physicians prospectively documented whether or not a ‘mimic’ was identified and the perceived likelihood of abuse. Mimics were divided into 3 categories: (1) strictly cutaneous mimics, (2) strictly non-cutaneous mimics and (3) cutaneous and non-cutaneous mimics. Perceived likelihood of abuse was described for each child on a 7-point scale (7=definite abuse). Results Among 2890 children who were evaluated for physical abuse, 137 (4.7%) had mimics identified; 81 mimics (59.1% of mimics and 2.8% of the whole cohort) included non-cutaneous components. Six subjects (7.4%) were assigned a high level of abuse concern and 17 (20.1%) an intermediate level despite the identification of a mimic. Among the identified mimics, 28% were classified as metabolic bone disease, 20% haematologic/vascular, 16% infectious, 10% skeletal dysplasia, 9% neurologic, 5% oncologic, 2% gastrointestinal and 10% other. Osteomalacia/osteoporosis was the most common non-cutaneous mimic followed by vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions A wide variety of mimics exist affecting most disease categories. Paediatric care providers need to be familiar with these conditions to avoid pitfalls in the diagnosis of physical abuse. Identification of a mimic does not exclude concurrent abuse.