cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PPARγ2 regulates lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is considered to be one of the master regulators of adipocyte differentiation. PPARgamma2 is abundantly expressed in mature adipocytes and is elevated in the livers of animals that develop fatty livers. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of PPARgamma2 to induce lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and to delineate molecular mechanisms driving this process. The hepatic cell line AML-12 was used to generate a cell line stably expressing PPARgamma2. Oil Red O staining revealed that PPARgamma2 induces lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. This phenotype is accompanied by a selective upregulation of several adipogenic and lipogenic genes including adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, genes whose expression levels are known to increase in steatotic livers of ob/ob mice. Furthermore, the PPARgamma2-regulated induction of both SREBP-1 and FAS parallels an increase in de novo triacylglycerol synthesis in hepatocytes. Triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid accumulation are further enhanced by culturing hepatocytes with troglitazone in the absence of exogenous lipids. These results correspond with an increase in the lipid droplet protein, ADRP, and the data demonstrate that ADRP functions to coat lipid droplets in hepatocytes as observed by confocal microscopy. Taken together, these observations propose a role for PPARgamma2 as an inducer of steatosis in hepatocytes and suggest that this phenomenon occurs through an induction of pathways regulating de novo lipid synthesis.
When Does the Wyner Model Accurately Describe an Uplink Cellular Network

The Wyner model has been widely used to model and analyze cellular networks due to its simplicity and analytical tractability. The key aspects of this model are fixed user location and deterministic and homogeneous interference intensity. While clearly a significant simplification of a real cellular system, which has random user locations and interference levels that can vary by several orders of magnitude over a cell, a common presumption is that the Wyner model nevertheless captures the essential aspects of cellular interactions. But is this true? In this study of uplink cellular networks, we argue that the Wyner model is only accurate for systems with a sufficient number of simultaneous users. Therefore, it is a reasonable abstraction for CDMA multicell networks but quite inaccurate for those employing TDMA. With single-cell signal processing, the Wyner model fails to capture the fact that intracell TDMA is advantageous over CDMA in terms of ergodic symmetric throughput and that random user locations increase throughput. In the case of multi-cell processing, it is shown that intracell TDMA is suboptimal in terms of ergodic symmetric capacity, which is in sharp contrast to results obtained under the Wyner model wherein intracell TDMA is proved to be optimal.
PPM: A conceptual framework for an AUV propulsion plant manager

The Propulsion Plant Manager (PPM) represents a conceptual design for the development of an expert system to manage the propulsion plant of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). Data from propulsion plant sensors are collected on a real-time basis and monitored by PPM. Data trends are analyzed and projections made. Abnormal propulsion plant conditions as represented by the data or by data trends are identified and form the basis for diagnosing and resolving anomalous conditions. The PPM program uses the techniques of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to represent and process the knowledge of an expert in the domain of AUV propulsion plants to accomplish the functions described above. The requirements of AUV design dictate the needs for continuous monitoring and frequent analysis of a multitude of real-time data, along with providing a rapid response to the diagnosed abnormalities, in order to ensure that the AUV can accomplish its mission in a reliable manner without human interaction. Many of the basic concepts developed in VM (Ventilation Manager) for representing time-related knowledge are explored and some are adapted to PPM. The VM program is designed to interpret on-line physiological data on patients in an intensive care unit and used to assist the physician in managing the mechanical breathing assistance received by patients. The unique demands of the AUV domain can be met by an extension of the concepts used in VM.
On increasing the range of pulsed Doppler systems for blood flow measurement.

Abstract Existing pulsed Dopplers have a fundamental limitation which makes them unable to measure a velocity v at a range R greater than that given by the limit Rv = c 2 /8 φ 0 where c is the sound velocity and f 0 the transmitted ultrasound frequency. This limit makes it impossible for conventional pulsed Dopplers to measure blood velocity transcutaneously in such locations as stenosed or regurgitant heart valves in adults. This paper described a principle using periodic changes of the repetition frequency of the transmitted signal. This increases the range limit of pulsed Doppler systems by the ratio of the Doppler spectrum enter frequency to its bandwidth. This technique which is easily applicable to existing pulsed Dopplers, should extend the clinical applicability of these systems to long range or high velocity flows whose Doppler spectra are sufficiently narrow
Human Cdc34 and Rad6B Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes Target Repressors of Cyclic AMP-Induced Transcription for Proteolysis

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis controls diverse physiological processes in eukaryotes. However, few in vivo targets of the mammalian Cdc34 and Rad6 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes are known. A yeast-based genetic assay to identify proteins that interact with human Cdc34 resulted in three cDNAs encoding bZIP DNA binding motifs. Two of these interactants are repressors of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-induced transcription: hICERIIγ, a product of the CREM gene, and hATF5, a novel ATF homolog. Transfection assays with mammalian cells demonstrate both hCdc34- and hRad6B-dependent ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of hICERIIγ and hATF5. This degradation requires an active ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme and results in abrogation of ICERIIγ- and ATF5-mediated repression of cAMP-induced transcription. Consistent with these results, the endogenous ICER protein is elevated in cells which are null for murine Rad6B (mHR6B−/−) or transfected with dominant negative and antisense constructs of human CDC34. Based on the requirement for CREM/ICER and Rad6B proteins in spermatogenesis, we determined expression of Cdc34, Rad6B, CREM/ICER isoforms, and the Skp1–Cullin–F-box ubiquitin protein ligase subunits Cul-1 and Cul-2, which are associated with Cdc34 activity during murine testicular development. Cdc34, Rad6B, and the Cullin proteins are expressed in a developmentally regulated manner, with distinctly different patterns for Cdc34 and the Cullin proteins in germ cells. The Cdc34 and Rad6B proteins are significantly elevated in meiotic and postmeiotic haploid germ cells when chromatin modifications occur. Thus, the stability of specific mammalian transcription factors is the result of complex targeting by multiple ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and may have an impact on cAMP-inducible gene regulation during both meiotic and mitotic cell cycles.
Cognition and Personality

Personality traits such as extraversion and anxiety relate to various cognitive processes important for task performance and adaptation in real-life contexts. This article reviews the experimental evidence from performance studies that relates major traits to individual differences in cognitive functions including attention and working memory. The article also surveys the contribution of cognitive psychological constructs and methods to other major topics in personality. Personality may relate to the contents of the ‘cognitive self,’ influencing social behavior. Traits may also be associated with styles of self-regulation that shape emotional experience. Finally, cognitive content and process attributes of traits may influence vulnerability to mental disorders including anxiety and depression.
High Average Power Petawatt Laser Pumped by the Mercury Laser for Fusion Materials Engineering

A high average power diode pumped solid state laser is used to pump large aperture Ti:sapphire enabling high average power chirped pulse amplification. After compression, over a petawatt of peak power will be used to generate fusion ions and neutrons for materials testing of first wall and final optics candidates.
Filling a Hole: The Reinvestment Fund and Progress Plaza

In underserved urban areas, commercial real estate development finance must often factor in government and local policy, community politics, environmental revitalization, ethnic markets, and mixed-use commercial development. In this case, the Reinvestment Fund and the Pennsylvania Fresh Food Financing Initiative join forces to provide access to quality groceries, something often lacking in urban areas. But redeveloping the Progress Plaza location where the new supermarket would be located did not come without headaches.
Improving efficiency of data augmentation algorithms using Peskun's theorem

Data augmentation (DA) algorithm is a widely used Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. In this paper, an alternative to DA algorithm is proposed. It is shown that the modified Markov chain is always more efficient than DA in the sense that the asymptotic variance in the central limit theorem under the alternative chain is no larger than that under DA. The modification is based on Peskun's (Biometrika 60:607---612, 1973) result which shows that asymptotic variance of time average estimators based on a finite state space reversible Markov chain does not increase if the Markov chain is altered by increasing all off-diagonal probabilities. In the special case when the state space or the augmentation space of the DA chain is finite, it is shown that Liu's (Biometrika 83:681---682, 1996) modified sampler can be used to improve upon the DA algorithm. Two illustrative examples, namely the beta-binomial distribution, and a model for analyzing rank data are used to show the gains in efficiency by the proposed algorithms.
Ion Irradiation Induced Grain Growth in Metal Thin Films

The dependence of ion irradiation induced grain growth on collision and material properties were studied in metal and alloy thin films. The uniform grain size increased with ion dose in the low dose regime; and the growth saturated in the high dose regime. The saturated grain size was determined ’by the cascade dimension as well as the atomic mobility. The growth was further influenced by the temperature, composition and impurity.
Evaluation of the Athens-Canadian Randombred Population 2. Comparison with Parental Population

Abstract Evaluation of the Athens-Canadian randombred population under two environments was reported by Marks and Siegel (1971). While the trait of primary concern (eight-week body weight) remained stable over an 11-year period, an increase in the frequency of rose comb was observed. As part of the original plan of evaluating the Athens-Canadian population (Hess, 1962), progeny from this population were tested with contemporaries from the parental Ottawa Meat Control strain (Merritt and Gowe, 1962) each year from 1959 through 1965. The purpose of this report is to determine if time trends that occurred during this seven year period were similar in these two populations originating from the same genetic base. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two cases of hatching eggs were obtained yearly from the Ottawa Meat Control (O.C.) population from 1959 to 1965 and also in 1968 and 1969. Approximately 400 chicks from this population were reared intermingled with a similar number…
Podiatric medical students' perceptions of professionalism in the clinical setting: a qualitative analysis

Background: The teaching and assessment of professionalism have become central areas of research and practice in medicine and in allopathic and osteopathic undergraduate and graduate medical education generally. In contrast, discussion of professionalism as it relates to podiatric medical education is nearly nonexistent in the literature. Methods: A study of podiatric medical students’ perceptions of professionalism-related issues in the clinical setting was performed using a qualitative analysis. A written survey was sent to 88 students who had recently completed their clinical training experiences. The survey was completed anonymously, and all identifying information was redacted before analysis of the data, which was performed using thematic content analysis with constant comparative analysis. In addition, basic demographic information was acquired as part of the data collection process. Results: Sixty-six students (75%) responded and agreed to participate in the survey. Students provided written repor...
Signatures of breast cancer metastasis at a glance

Gene expression profiling has yielded expression signatures from which prognostic tests can be derived to facilitate clinical decision making in breast cancer patients. Some of these signatures are based on profiling of whole tumor tissue (tissue signatures), which includes all tumor and stromal cells. Prognostic markers have also been derived from the profiling of metastasizing tumor cells, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and migratory-disseminating tumor cells within the primary tumor. The metastasis signatures based on CTCs and migratory-disseminating tumor cells have greater potential for unraveling cell biology insights and mechanistic underpinnings of tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. Of clinical interest is the promise that stratification of patients into high or low metastatic risk, as well as assessing the need for cytotoxic therapy, might be improved if prognostics derived from these two types of signatures are used in a combined way. The aim of this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster is to navigate through both types of signatures and their derived prognostics, as well as to highlight biological insights and clinical applications that could be derived from them, especially when they are used in combination.
Availability and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables Among Non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians in the USA: Findings from the 2011–2012 California Health Interview Adult Survey

Racial and ethnic disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption have been widely studied in the USA. While previous studies focused on the differences of fruit and vegetable availability between racial groups, the equivalence of the association between consumption and availability across racial groups has been rarely examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between availability of fruits and vegetables and their consumption across racial groups. The 2011–2012 California Health Interview Survey data (N = 36,302) were used for the study. Results of negative binomial regression show that the association between perceived availability of fruits and vegetables on consumption differs significantly between non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians: (1) the association between fruit consumption and availability is only significant for non-Hispanic Whites (IRR = 1.303, 95 % CI 1.188, 1.429), and (2) the association between vegetable consumption and availability is only significant for non-Hispanic Whites (IRR = 1.242, 95 % CI 1.152, 1.340) and Hispanics (IRR = 1.141, 95 % CI 1.025, 1.271). This study highlights the importance of interventions that emphasize not only potential access but also social and cultural factors that relate to realized access to healthy food.
Developing an emergency department team for treatment of stroke with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

The EMS, ED, neurology, radiology, nursing, laboratory, and pharmacy departments are integral parts of the stroke team system. These are the key departments responsible for the support of the stroke team, or nucleus, which emanates from the departments of neurology and emergency medicine in the author's medical center. In the same way that cardiac victims are treated for "heart attack," so stroke victims should be treated for "brain attack." The emphasis on public awareness to community outreach and senior citizens groups through the aid of the public affairs department of the institution, the American Heart Association, and the National Stroke Association (NSA) has been a tremendous lift in this, the decade of the brain. The Public Broadcasting System and other television channels have helped enormously in publicizing stroke signs and symptoms, new treatment of stroke, and concurrent risk factors. New clinical research for thrombolytics and neuro-protective agents are now in progress to determine the best treatment for the damaged brain. The emphasis is changing: Time is brain. We hope to change the expenditure attributable to rehabilitation and managed care after stroke to the more hopeful prospects of prevention, early treatment, and fast recovery. We can then see that our friends and family members, as victims of stroke, may proceed to independence rather than long-term care facilities or nursing homes. This will be possible only if hospitals and medical centers nationwide adequately gear themselves for the treatment of ischemic stroke through the creation of a core stroke team, finely-honed interdepartmental cooperation, and the development of an efficient ED team that is fully immersed in the ethics and protocol of "brain attack."
Chasing Unicorns: The Rise, Power, and Regulatory Challenges of Tech Monopolies

Once upon a time, unicorns used to be in the realm of fantasy. Now, as more private companies, obtain billion dollar valuations, unicorns are becoming a reality and are running headfirst into uncharted regulatory territory. This Article describes the forces that help technology companies grow into unicorns and argues that the platform-mediated markets these companies create are essentially oligopolistic in nature. It then describes the particular regulatory challenges these companies present in terms of consumer safety, privacy, and pricing. The Article concludes by identifying key lessons regulators can learn from Nobel Laureate Jean Tirole’s work on regulating oligopolies.
Efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy to decrease alcohol and illicit-drug use in pregnant substance users reporting baseline alcohol use.

Abstract Background Approximately 35% of pregnant substance users in treatment report alcohol abuse, which increases the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in their offspring. The present study was a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy (MET) in decreasing alcohol use in pregnant women attending substance use treatment. Methods Secondary analysis of a trial evaluating the efficacy of MET, relative to treatment as usual (TAU), in improving treatment outcomes in 200 pregnant substance users. The present study included the 41 women (n=27 MET and n=14 TAU) who reported alcohol use in the 28days prior to randomization. Alcohol and illicit-drug use days were assessed with self-report; illicit drug use was assessed with urine drug screens. All measures were obtained weekly for the 4week active study phase and at 1 and 3month follow-ups. Results Significant treatment-by-time interaction effects were found for illicit-drug use days during the active ( X 2 =6.89, df =1, p X 2 =8.26, df =1, p X 2 =13.07, df =1, p Conclusions These findings suggest that MET may be effective in decreasing alcohol and illicit-drug use in pregnant substance users reporting alcohol use. With 2–5% of US births affected by FASD, future research to replicate these findings seems warranted. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: NCT00078143.
ACE Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema following Cervical Spine Surgery

Angioedema is a well-known side effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi). However, ACE inhibitors induced angioedema after cervical surgery is a rare condition. They result in increased levels of circulating bradykinins. Rare cases of angioedema following local trauma in patients using ACE inhibitors have been published. We present such a case. A 54-year-old Caucasian female with a history significant for hypertension, controlled with lisinopril, was admitted for routine cervical spine surgery. She has severe degenerative cervical disc disease and was admitted to the hospital for an elective cervical diskectomy. The patient failed weaning off the ventilator on multiple attempts postoperatively. There were no observed symptoms of an allergic reaction. A CT scan of the neck showed extensive soft tissue edema at the level of the arytenoids. Dexamethasone was given to reduce the edema without successful resolution. On review of her medications, it was found that the patient was resumed on lisinopril following the procedure. It was subsequently discontinued. By the following day the patient had a positive leak around the ET tube cuff and patient was successfully extubated.
Management of Esophageal Cancer

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing, with a 350% increase in its incidence since 1970 [1–3]. Currently, the number of new cases of esophageal cancer in the United States is estimated at 16,400 per year, with over half of these being esophageal adenocarcinoma [4]. Esophageal cancer is associated with a dismal overall 5-year survival of less than 15%; however, when detected early and confined to the esophagus, the 5-year survival can be as high as 85%, highlighting the need for early detection, thorough preoperative evaluation, and accurate clinical staging [4–6].
A Method of Robust Multivariate Outlier Detection and Replacement

Abstract Robust multivariate methods for dealing with outliers are essential especially when process data are used in applications such as parameter estimation, controller design and process monitoring. In this work, a method to detect and replace multivariate outliers in the score space generated by Principal Component Analysis is proposed. The paper provides an algorithm to implement this approach and demonstrates the method on two industrial data sets.
Radiation damage and annealing in plutonium tetrafluoride

Abstract A sample of plutonium tetrafluoride that was separated prior to 1966 at the Hanford Site in Washington State was analyzed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in 2015 and 2016. The plutonium tetrafluoride, as received, was an unusual color and considering the age of the plutonium, there were questions about the condition of the material. These questions had to be answered in order to determine the suitability of the material for future use or long-term storage. Therefore, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction evaluations were conducted to determine the plutonium's crystal structure, oxide content, and moisture content; these analyses reported that the plutonium was predominately amorphous and tetrafluoride, with an oxide content near ten percent. Freshly fluorinated plutonium tetrafluoride is known to be monoclinic. During the initial thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses, it was discovered that an exothermic event occurred within the material near 414 °C. X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted on the annealed tetrafluoride. The X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that some degree of recrystallization occurred in conjunction with the 414 °C event. The following commentary describes the series of thermogravimetric/differential thermal and X-ray diffraction analyses that were conducted as part of this investigation at PNNL.
Influence of Inhaled Amiloride on Lung Fluid Clearance in Response to Normobaric Hypoxia in Healthy Individuals.

Abstract Wheatley, Courtney M., Sarah E. Baker, Bryan J. Taylor, Manda L. Keller-Ross, Steven C. Chase, Alex R. Carlson, Robert J. Wentz, Eric M. Snyder, and Bruce D. Johnson. Influence of inhaled amiloride on lung fluid clearance in response to normobaric hypoxia in healthy individuals. High Alt Med Biol 18:343–354, 2017. Aim: To investigate the role of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) on lung fluid clearance in response to normobaric hypoxia, 20 healthy subjects were exposed to 15 hours of hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2] = 12.5%) on two randomized occasions: (1) inhaled amiloride (A) (1.5 mg/5 mL saline); and (2) inhaled saline placebo (P). Changes in lung fluid were assessed through chest computed tomography (CT) for lung tissue volume (TV), and the diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and nitric oxide (DLNO) for pulmonary capillary blood volume (VC). Extravascular lung water (EVLW) was derived as TV–VC and changes in the CT attenuation distribution histograms were re...
Toward resilient networks with fog computing

Cloud computing is a solution to reduce the cost of IT by providing elastic access to shared resources. It also provides solutions for on-demand computing power and storage for devices at the edge networks with limited resources. However, increasing the number of connected devices caused by IoT architecture leads to higher network traffic and delay for cloud computing. The centralised architecture of cloud computing also makes the edge networks more susceptible to challenges in the core network. Fog computing is a solution to decrease the network traffic, delay, and increase network resilience. In this paper, we study how fog computing may improve network resilience. We also conduct a simulation to study the effect of fog computing on network traffic and delay. We conclude that using fog computing prepares the network for better response time in case of interactive requests and makes the edge networks more resilient to challenges in the core network.
A scenario-based approach for smart system control and optimization

This work introduces a scenario-based method to control and optimize the system in the presence of uncertainty. The proposed approach utilizes Monte Carlo sampling to generate a number of scenarios and a sequential optimization scheme to obtain the global optimal solution. This framework has three advantages. First, the probabilistic feasibility is guaranteed even though system model is not accurate. Second, the computational time to achieve global optimum is significantly reduced compared with state-of-the-art software and thus it is suitable for the real time control and optimization. Third, the model structure and distributions of unknown model parameters are fairly flexible. Two examples including scenario-based nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) and gasoline blending are presented to show the effectiveness of proposed method.
4'-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, MK-8591: a novel HIV-1 reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor.

Purpose of review4′-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with a novel mechanism of action, unique structure, and amongst NRTIs, unparalleled anti-HIV-1 activity. We will summarize its structure and function, antiviral activity, resistance p
A note on capacity models for network design

Abstract In network design problems,capacity constraints are modeled in three different ways depending on the application: directed, bidirected and undirected. In the literature, polyhedral investigations for strengthening mixed-integer formulations are done separately for each model. In this note, we examine the relationship between these models to provide a unifying approach and show that one can indeed translate valid inequalities from one to the others.
Syntactic Reanalysis, Thematic Processing, and Sentence Comprehension

This paper describes the current version of our model of reanalysis, which updates our earlier work to incorporate the critical notion of a thematic processing domain (TPD). This new model is motivated by the following experimental results: First, reanalysis processes are not tricked by the presence of a local NP that could potentially serve a critical disambiguating role. Second, reanalysis processes do not benefit from being able to save a particular thematic role label for a phrase; what matters is the relationship between thematic role and theta-assigner. Third, the presence of an object versus a subject relative clause in the ambiguous phrase of a garden-path sentence makes reanalysis difficult. Finally, this difficulty disappears when the verb in the main clause is passive. To explain these results, we developed a model of reanalysis that assumes the following: First, when assigners of thematic roles are encountered, all roles are made available in parallel. If roles from more than one theta-assigner must be dealt with simultaneously, processing difficulty results. If the thematic domains of two different theta-assigners must interact, even greater processing difficulty results. More precisely, processing cost results when: (i) a TPD is embedded inside another; (ii) two TPDs must interact; and (iii) two theta-assigners are adjacent. A sentence will be easy to comprehend when none of (i) through (iii) holds, harder if any one holds, harder yet if two hold, and most difficult if all three hold. Note that (i) and (iii) can hold even for non-garden-pathing sentences, including classic center-embedded sentences. Only (ii) is specifically about reanalysis of garden-path sentences. Interaction in our model refers to the construction of a TPD for one theta-assigner based on an incorrect syntactic analysis, which must then be changed to accommodate the new syntactic structure and to allow another theta-assigner to set up its TPD.
Rationalization of Softening and Hardening Effects by Interstitial Atoms in B.C.C. Metals

ABSTRACT The effect of low temperature electron irradiation on the subsequent deformation of niobium single crystals was examined. The effect was found to be dependent on the tensile axis orientation; a softening effect was observed in the specimens deformed by the primary slip and a hardening effect in the specimens deformed by the anomalous slip. The controversial role of interstitial atoms in the low temperature deformation can be explained by the difference in the type of operative slip system.
NF-κB in Oncogenesis and As a Target for Cancer Therapy

Given the breadth of biological mechanisms associated with NF-κB, it is not surprising that NF-κB has been discovered to be involved with basic processes in cancer. The roles for NF-κB in cancer appear to be complex and likely involve the ability of this transcription factor to control apoptosis, cell-cycle progression, cell differentiation, angiogenesis and cell migration. Consistent with its role in oncogenesis, NF-κB is activated by most oncoproteins and there is evidence that NF-κB interacts with key proteins involved in controlling oncogenesis. Importantly, it has been reported that NF-κB is activated in cancer cells by several chemotherapies and by radiation, and that in many cases this response inhibits the ability of the cancer therapy to induce cell death. Based on these findings, NF-κB is proposed to be a new target for cancer therapy.
Finding Protection in Definitions: The Quest for Environmental Security.

The definitional move of linking environmental concerns to security concerns has been promoted by those seeking greater salience for environmental issues and opposed by those suspicious of a move t...
Critical Care Management of the ACHD Patient with Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders

Dysrhythmias represent one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in ACHD patients, second only to heart failure, in both the acute and chronic settings. Several factors predispose this patient group to dysrhythmias, including congenital variations in the native conduction system, electromechanical effects of multiple surgical procedures, and altered hemodynamics. ACHD patients suffer from a wide array of rhythm disturbances, both supraventricular and ventricular, as well as tachy and bradycardia. Multiple clinical scenarios may lead to an ACHD patient’s arrhythmia being addressed in the intensive care unit (ICU): primary admission for an acute rhythm issue, new onset arrhythmia or exacerbation of a chronic arrhythmia during admission for another illness, or postoperative disturbances after cardiac surgery. Many can lead to significant hemodynamic compromise if left untreated, and swift and accurate recognition and management of these arrhythmias is vital in the critically ill patient. The first set of PACES/HRS guidelines for dysrhythmia issues in ACHD patients was released in 2014 and is a useful evidence-based reference. This chapter begins with an overview of the diagnosis and management of the arrhythmias most likely to be encountered in the ACHD population in the ICU. The remainder of the chapter discusses specific clinical scenarios in which arrhythmia may play a key role, including the postoperative ICU and in the setting of device complications.
How lipid content and temperature affect American shad (Alosa sapidissima) attempt rate and sprint swimming: implications for overcoming migration barriers

How seasonal effects such as temperature increases and reduced lipid content affect the ability of anadromous fishes to traverse high-velocity barriers and sprint swimming is poorly understood. We ...
Jurisdiction-Specific versus SafetyAnalyst-Default Safety Performance Functions: Case Study on Two-Lane and Multi-Lane Arterials:

Network screening is the most important step in the highway safety management process. Screening criteria based on the empirical Bayes (EB) approach are considered to be most reliable as it accounts for the regression-to-the-mean bias. However, the EB approach requires safety performance functions (SPFs), preferably calibrated to local conditions, which are often unavailable. The SafetyAnalyst software, developed by the Federal Highway Administration, automates the EB approach using the default SPFs which were developed using multiple states’ data. Local agencies are encouraged to develop jurisdiction-specific SPFs to better reflect local conditions. However, the benefits of developing local SPFs for rural and urban two-lane and multi-lane highway facilities are unclear and may vary from state to state. This research compares the performance of Florida-specific SPFs with SafetyAnalyst-default SPFs calibrated to Florida data using mean absolute deviation, mean squared predicted error, and Freeman-Tukey R-s...
Ein rechnergestütztes Holografie-System

Die Holografische Interferometrie hat in den letzten Jahren in vielen Gebieten der industriellen Anwendung stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der wesentliche Vorteil dieses Mesverfahrens liegt in der Tatsache, das der Anwender ein 2-dimensionales Bild der Mesgrose erhalt. Die darin enthaltene hohe Informationsdichte ist jedoch quantitativ nur mit einer rechnergestutzten Auswertung auszunutzen.
2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Clinical Guideline-based Prevalence of Hypertension in a semi-urban community in Nigeria: Public Health Perspective

Abstract Background Evidence from previous studies has consistently revealed that patients develop target organ damage even with seemingly normal blood pressure thus informing the development of a new treatment guideline in 2017. The prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria ranges from 8-45%, however this is expected to change due to the new guideline. Thus, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of hypertension based on 2017 ACC/AHA clinical guidelines, and determine its associated factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study a total of 296 participants were recruited with a simple random technique using a table of random numbers. Blood pressure, weight and height were measured and data was analysed with SPSS version 22. The primary outcome measures included proportion of respondents with hypertension based on AHA guideline and JNC 7 classifications, as well as the association between hypertension and BMI, age, sex and marital status. Results The mean age of study participants was 38.71years, and male to female ratio was 2:3. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 63.5% and 22.6% based on the new guideline and JNC 7 classification respectively; higher risk of hypertension was significantly associated with the AHA guideline (p Conclusion Prevalence of hypertension based on the new guideline is staggeringly high and portends a huge public health problem. This conundrum requires immediate intervention in order to forestall the damaging effects of hypertension on vital body organs and for participants to lead a healthy life.
Overview of evidence-based treatments of oppositional defiant disorder

Abstract Evidence-based treatments are described, including behavior management training programs, behavioral management training programs with a family component, and cognitive therapies. Behavioral management training programs focus on teaching parents’ behavioral strategies for modifying child behavior, monitoring child behavior, and developing token economies for addressing child misbehavior and interrupting coercive cycles (e.g., parent management training Oregon model). Behavioral management programs with a family component add a family or community component to facilitate attachment and/or monitoring (e.g., parent–child interaction therapy, Positive Parenting Program, and multisystemic therapy). Cognitive therapies address faulty social information processing by teaching problem-solving for dealing with anger-provoking situations and training appropriate social responses and self-statements in response to different situations, with behavioral rehearsal and feedback (e.g., anger control training and problem-solving skills training). Behavioral management training programs both with and without a family component are more targeted toward younger children and families, and cognitive treatments are more targeted toward older children and adolescents, generally speaking. Case examples are used to elucidate how to pick evidence-based treatments in individual cases, and relevant resources are provided.
Initial Public Offerings: A Stakeholder Approach

Research in stakeholder theory has primarily focused on classifying stakeholders and explaining the organization-stakeholder relationship. However, there is limited work that examines how stakehold...
Writing, Computers, and Visual Impairment.

This article reviews studies on how both blind and sighted individuals write, elements of the writing process, and books that describe programs to help writers. These studies show that writing, for...
Non-planar, non-linear oscillations of a beam—I. Forced motions

Abstract Large amplitude whirling motions of a simply supported beam constrained to have a fixed length are investigated. Equations of motion taking into account bending in two planes and longitudinal deformations are developed. Using the method of harmonic balance, response curves for certain planar and non-planar steady state, forced motions are obtained. Another approximate scheme is used to study the stability of these motions. Stable regions corresponding to non-planar motions are found, thus confirming the existence of whirling motions. Numerical results are presented and discussed for several specific cases.
An Analysis of Solid-State Electrodeposition-Induced Metal Plastic Flow and Predictions of Stress States in Solid Ionic Conductor Defects

Author(s): Barroso-Luque, L; Tu, Q; Ceder, G | Abstract: The use of inorganic solid-ionic conductors with a metal electrode, has been proposed as a way to increase energy density, decrease capacity loss and prevent failure from metal propagation. Current observations of Li-metal electrodes causing cell shorting in solid-state systems have been identified as main obstacles limiting the development of this technology. However, many aspects of the involved phenomenon have not been fully addressed theoretically. In this work, we derive a mathematical model of electrodeposition-induced plastic flow in metal/inorganic solid-conductor systems. We use a semi-analytical solution to derive pressure increase expressions at metal protrusions and assess the possibility of fracture. The results give flow solutions analogous to laminar channel flow. The solutions also show how taking into account a boundary traction potential from built up pressure, leads to ionic redistribution and effectively screens isolated flaws, making local current focusing an incomplete explanation for observed electrolyte fracture. We show that the boundary traction potential sets a maximum value for the pressure increase that can occur from deposition at an isolated flaw. We derive conditions under which fracture can occur, and quantify the role of ionic conductivity and electrolyte fracture toughness in extending safe operating regimes of solid-state electrolytes with metal electrodes.