cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy for coronary heart disease

Coronary artery bypass surgery and angioplasty provide symptomatic relief in patients with ischemic heart disease, but despite advancement in technique and devices, these methods are not applicable to a subset of patients with angina refractory to medical treatment. Recently, attention has been focused upon novel approaches using gene based therapy to treat coronary heart disease. This article briefly introduces the development in gene therapy of coronary heart disease including favorable therapeutic genes, vectors for gene therapy and techniques for delivering genes into the heart. We focus on the available experimental and clinical experiences with the treatment of myocardial ischemia using genes encoding for different growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and angiopoietin 1.
SY25-2LOW COVERAGE WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING FOR ALCOHOL AND OTHER SUBSTANCE USE- RELATED PHENOTYPES IN AN AMERICAN INDIAN SAMPLE

Low coverage whole genome sequence data to search for variants associated substance use-related phenotypes in an American Indian community sample. Genotypes were called using a linkage disequilibrium-aware variant calling approach, and were tested for associations to phenotypes using EMMAX. Gene-dropping simulations and permutation were conducted to calculate empirical p-values. …
Community Living and Participation

Community living used to mean “not living in an institution.” Today, in the USA, community living means much more. It means living in the community in which a person wants to live and it also means participating in a person’s community of choice. Community living means having opportunities to work in the community, to develop skills related to home living, to navigate the community, to ensure self-care, safety, and personal health. It also means participating in community activities and things of personal interest and being able to maintain and expand social networks, friends, family members, and allies. Most children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) live at home with their families or in supported community living arrangements. This is the result of tremendous advocacy on the part of families, people with disabilities and their allies. It is also the result of litigation and policies that provide certain promises and protections related to community, local, national, and in some ways, international levels. This chapter provides an overview of community living and participation for people with IDD with a focus on where they live, work, and have fun, and about the people and processes that support them in having quality lives in their communities of choice.
Globalization, Culture, and Branding: How to Leverage Cultural Equity for Building Iconic Brands in the Era of Globalization

Preface PART I: UNDERSTANDING BRANDS AND THEIR CULTURAL MEANINGS 1. Brands and Models of Brand Equity 2. Cultural Equity PART II: GAINING INSIGHTS INTO HOW CROSS-CULTURAL CONSUMERS VIEW ICONIC BRANDS 3. Consumers from Different Cultures 4. Consumers' Reactions to the Cultural Meanings in Brands 5. Brands and the Fulfillment of Cultural Identity Needs PART III: BUILDING, LEVERAGING AND PROTECTING BRAND EQUITY 6. Putting it all Together: Why and How to Build an Iconic Brand 7. Leveraging and Protecting Cultural Equity
Economic Voting: A Campaign-Centered Theory

The conventional wisdom of economic voting theory argues that a nation's economic performance drives electoral outcomes. Therefore, voters will hold an administration accountable for its economic stewardship. Austin Hart challenges the simplicity of this notion, drawing on cognitive-psychological research on priming to demonstrate that the intensity of voters' exposure to economic campaign messages systematically conditions the strength of the economic vote. However, this study goes further than simply saying 'campaigns matter'. Here, we learn that candidates who control the campaign narrative can capitalize on favorable economic conditions or - contrary to the predictions of conventional theory - overcome unfavorable conditions. Although the aim is not to dismiss the importance of structural variables in the study of elections, Hart shows that the choices candidates make about what to say and how often shape election outcomes in ways that cannot be explained by contextual or institutional forces alone.
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Adriamycin and Daunomycin

We have determined the physiological disposition of adriamycin and daunomycin in several animal species. Both drugs were rapidly cleared from plasma, deposited in tissues and then excreted slowly. Daunomycin was effectively metabolized in vivo by mice, rats, dogs, and hamsters, whereas no evidence was found for the metabolism of adriamycin except in hamsters. In the first few figures, I wish to compare the pharmacokinetics of daunomycin and adriamycin in the rat.
Single sample resolution of rare microbial dark matter in a marine invertebrate metagenome.

Direct, untargeted sequencing of environmental samples (metagenomics) and de novo genome assembly enable the study of uncultured and phylogenetically divergent organisms. However, separating individual genomes from a mixed community has often relied on the differential-coverage analysis of multiple, deeply sequenced samples. In the metagenomic investigation of the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina, we uncovered seven bacterial genomes associated with a single B. neritina individual that appeared to be transient associates, two of which were unique to one individual and undetectable using certain “universal” 16S rRNA primers and probes. We recovered high quality genome assemblies for several rare instances of “microbial dark matter,” or phylogenetically divergent bacteria lacking genomes in reference databases, from a single tissue sample that was not subjected to any physical or chemical pre-treatment. One of these rare, divergent organisms has a small (593 kbp), poorly annotated genome with low GC content (20.9%) and a 16S rRNA gene with just 65% sequence similarity to the closest reference sequence. Our findings illustrate the importance of sampling strategy and de novo assembly of metagenomic reads to understand the extent and function of bacterial biodiversity.
Learning from a Bitter Past? The Behavioral Effect of a Child's Death on Mothers

Using Demographic and Health Surveys from twenty-seven African countries, I examine the effect of the death of infants on their mothers’ health behaviors for the birth of their subsequent children. Controlling for the location and the year of a child's birth and utilising the timing of the child's death, I find that the experience of a child's death induces a mother's behavioral changes. Mothers, who experienced the death of their first child before the second child was born, were 3.0 percentage points more likely to deliver their second child with professional assistance and 3.9 percentage points more likely to deliver their second child at health facilities than mothers who did not experience the first child's death by the time of the second child's birth. On the other hand, the first child's death after the birth of the second child is not correlated with mother's health service utilisation for the birth of their second child. A set of robustness checks further confirm the effect of a child's death on the subsequent health behavior among mothers. This paper briefly suggests a potential policy based on the findings.
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6/E7-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) for immunotherapy of HPV-associated cancer (Ca).

2558 Background: Vaccines prevent HPV-associated Ca, but their benefits in established Ca are disappointing: although these tumors express viral E6 and E7 antigens (Ags) immune responses are limited even after vaccination, likely due to negative environmental cues that block tumor recognition and T cell (TC) activation in vivo. We postulated that ex vivo stimulation of TCs in an immunologically favorable milieu would allow us to reactivate tumor-directed CTLs from Ca patients and benefit the recipients on reinfusion. Methods: We studied 68 patients with HPV+ Ca. To detect HPV16 E6/E7-specific TCs (HPV-TCs) in blood, we measured the IFNγ ELISpot responses of TCs stimulated by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with pepmixes (peptide libraries of 15-mers overlapping by 11 aa) spanning E6/E7. Because HPV-TCs from these patients may be anergized by their tumors, potent Ag presenting strategies might be required for reactivation, and thus we stimulated these cells in the presence of IL-6, -7, -12 an...
Covering nipples: news discourse and the framing of breastfeeding

Health experts are in widespread agreement that breastfeeding is generally the best option for infants and their mothers. The right to breastfeed in public has been guaranteed in forty-seven states...
Measuring Learning Outcomes: Reliability and Validity Issues

Publisher Summary Conducting rigorous experimental research requires careful attention to the interdependencies among theory, research design, measurement, and statistical inference. Often students of educational research are misled into thinking that these components have little relation. The chapter focuses on measuring learning and achievement because these concepts are the focus of most educational researches. Educational research has focused on these concepts for many reasons, but two are most salient. The mission of most federal education grants, such as education grants funded by the National Science Foundation, is to understand the conditions and interventions that foster student learning. Measurement is the foundation of sound research. A rigorous research design and sophisticated statistical analysis will do little to correct a study based on poorly administered independent and dependent measures. Measurement concerns are pervasive throughout the research process, from study conception through research design development, data collection, and continuing through data analysis and reporting. The fundamental goal of experimental research is to document and understand cause–effect relationships. The credibility of educational research will not improve until more rigorous research models become more predominant in the field. A cornerstone of all rigorous research is sound measurement, which is bolstered and documented through reliability and validity analysis.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Depression: Is There a Link?

A number of large-scale observational studies, as well as a few small-scale intervention studies, have failed to find any link between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression.
Quasistatic error modeling and model testing for a 5-axis machine with a redundant axis

Abstract This paper presents an approach to modeling the quasistatic errors of a 5-axis machine tool with one redundant axis. By introducing errors to the ideal joints and shape transforms of the kinematics of the machine, an error model is obtained. First order error characteristics are used to parameterize the introduced errors. It is found that of the 52 introduced error parameters, only 32 have a linearly independent effect on the volumetric errors observed in the machine’s workspace. To identify these error parameters, the volumetric error components at 290 randomly chosen points are measured with a laser tracker. The unknown parameters are obtained by least-squares estimation, and the resulting model able to reduce average magnitude of the volumetric error vectors at these points by an average of 90% of their original values. Further, the identified model was used to predict the errors observed in two independent test point sets (each set consisting of 48 points). A 75% reduction in the average magnitude of the error vectors was observed. A large fraction of the residual errors was found to be attributable to the thermal drift of the machine during the experiments, which were not conducted in a thermally controlled environment and the positioning repeatability of the machine.
Unsteady sedimentation of a sphere in wormlike micellar fluids

Flow transitions in the settling of a sphere in non-shear-banding wormlike micelle solutions are mapped. The onset of unsteady sedimentation correlates with an extensional Deborah number, while the velocity fluctuations are related to a shear Deborah number and an elastic Mach number.
Tauopathy and neurodegeneration: A role for stress

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by an irreversible and progressive loss of neuronal structure and function. While many alterations to normal cellular processes occur during neurodegeneration, a pathological accumulation of aggregated proteins constitutes a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer's disease, specifically, is pathologically defined by the formation of amyloid plaques and tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Stress has emerged as an important factor in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's. Very little is known, however, regarding the effects of stress on the mechanisms controlling abnormal protein aggregation and clearance. Chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, causing an excessive secretion of glucocorticoids that are capable of impacting diverse physiological and cellular processes. The present review focuses on the influence of stress on a key feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology, emphasizing the relationship between tau phosphorylation and accumulation and its connection to HPA axis dysfunction.
Evolving Considerations for Thiopurine Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—A Clinical Practice Update: Commentary

Thiopurines (azathioprine, mercaptopurine, thioguanine) and methotrexate are widely used in a variety of clinical management scenarios for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. With the introduction of biologic therapies over the last 2 decades, controversies have emerged as to how these immunomodulators should be used in clinical practice, either alone as monotherapies or in combination with biologic therapies. Here, we provide a summary of evidence and our interpretations regarding how physicians can or should incorporate these agents into clinical practice. We have organized the review into sections regarding their utility as monotherapy or as combination therapy with biologics and safety considerations. Clinical pharmacologic considerations are important regarding both efficacy and safety.
AMPK Regulates the Epigenome through Phosphorylation of TET2.

Emerging evidence suggests that changes to cellular metabolism can regulate epigenetic modifications to alter gene expression. Recently in Nature, Wu et al. show that the metabolic regulator AMPK can phosphorylate and thus stabilize the epigenetic modifying enzyme TET2, defining a novel signaling link between metabolism and the epigenome.
The long-time L2 and H1 stability of linearly extrapolated second-order time-stepping schemes for the 2D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

Abstract Herein we present a study on the long-time stability of finite element discretizations of a generalized class of semi-implicit second-order time-stepping schemes for the 2D incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. These remarkably efficient schemes require only a single linear solve per time-step through the use of a linearly-extrapolated advective term. Our result develops a class of sufficient conditions such that if external forcing is uniformly bounded in time, velocity solutions are uniformly bounded in time in both the L2 and H1 norms. We provide numerical verification of these results. We also demonstrate that divergence-free finite elements are critical for long-time H1 stability.
Indigenous Places and the Making of Undocumented Status in Mexico-US Migration:

The uneven distribution of economic and social resources across communities often falls along ethno-racial dimensions. Few demographers have considered whether such axes of place stratification in ...
Pig Movement and Antimicrobial Use Drive Transmission of Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398.

ABSTRACT The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has changed considerably over the last 3 decades, including the recognition of lineages associated with the community and with livestock exposure, in addition to nosocomial strains. A recent study by R. N. Sieber, R. L. Skov, J. Nielsen, J. Schulz, et al. (mBio 9:e02142-18, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02142-18) demonstrates the importance of multisectoral cooperation at the intersection of occupational health, genomics, veterinary medicine practitioners, and farmers in order for us to better understand the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant organisms.
Identification of Anonymous DNA Using Genealogical Triangulation

Consumer genetics databases hold dense genotypes of millions of people, and the number is growing quickly. In 2018, law enforcement agencies began using such databases to identify anonymous DNA via long-range familial searches. We show that this technique is far more powerful if combined with a genealogical database of the type collected by online ancestry services. We present a "genealogical triangulation" algorithm and study its effectiveness on simulated datasets. We show that for over 50% of targets, their anonymous DNA can be identified (matched to the correct individual or same-sex sibling) when the genetic database includes just 1% of the population. We also show the effectiveness of "snowball identification" in which a successful identification adds to the genetic genealogical database, increasing the identification accuracy for future instances. We discuss our technique9s potential to enhance law enforcement capabilities as well as its privacy risks.
Improving the Epidemiological Understanding of the Dynamic Relationship Between Life Course Financial Well-Being and Health

We posit that there are many different measures of financial well-being such as income, debt, assets, and wealth, which may have different consequences for health at different times in the life course. We frame our discussion of financial well-being within existing theories and mechanisms by which financial well-being may influence health. We contrast the influences of “snap shot” or one point in time measures of financial well-being with those of repeated measures of financial well-being across the life course. Reviewing recent research, we show the importance of measures apart from income in understanding how financial well-being influences health. We argue that because financial well-being is multidimensional, the salient effect of financial well-being on health may not be captured by only focusing on singular aspects of this construct. We believe that there is an impetus on epidemiologists to embrace the multidimensionality of financial well-being, which will, in turn, improve public health practice and inform health policy in a more consequentialist manner.
Comparison of Statistical Signal Processing and Machine Learning Algorithms for Spectrum Sensing

In a cognitive radio network, what is the trade off between statistical signal processing and machine learning algorithms that perform the same task? When should a system use the former and when should it use the latter? In this paper we present an empirical comparison study of different techniques for two tasks: detecting multiple transmitters in the same time-frequency domain, and automatic modulation classification. We develop and improve upon an unsupervised learning technique for the former, based on the log-Rayleigh distribution. Results are based on data generated from GNU Radio Companion, and implementations of these algorithms in software. They show that there is a tradeoff between accuracy and computation/implementation complexity - signal processing has a several orders of magnitude advantage over machine learning, but slightly lower accuracy. Thus, there is a need for an overarching framework that can meld machine learning and statistical signal processing.
Production of S2F10, S2OF10, and S2O2F10 by Spark Discharges in SF6

Decomposition of SF6 in electrical discharges has been the subject of extensive study and review over the past decade.1–4 Because of toxicological concerns recent5 research has focused on the formation of S2F10, an SF6 byproduct of high toxicity.6,7 As a result of a concerted effort to establish the formation of S2F10 in practical systems the results of laboratory experiments8,9 have shown that S2F10 is formed over a wide range of discharge conditions including power arc, corona, and spark discharges. In previous work in our laboratory the yield of S2F10 formation in SF6 spark discharge experiments was measured by conventional gas chromatography with a sensitivity of only around 50 ppm, requiring the deposition of large amounts of energy (generally requiring hundreds to thousands of sparks) into a small volume breakdown cell to develop large enough concentrations for detection. In addition to the formation of S2F10, other disulfur compounds are known to be formed including the oxyfluorides S2OF10 and S2O2F10. These compounds are of interest for several reasons. Both byproducts may be potential interferents in the detection of S2F10. Although their toxicities are not well characterized they both exhibit toxicity, with S2O2F10 having toxicity approaching that of S2F10. Understanding the chemistry governing formation of these compounds is important because they may involve reactions with the SF5 radical, a precursor to S2F10 formation.
The lasting benefits of teams: Tie vitality after teams disband

This paper introduces the concept of tie vitality, which indicates the durability and accessibility of team member connections after a team has disbanded as an additional measure of team effectiven...
Extracellular Vesicles with Exosome-like Features Transfer TLRs between Dendritic Cells.

Accumulating evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by immune cells play an important role in intercellular communication. In the current report, we show that EVs released from wild-type bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) transfer TLRs to TLR4-knockout (TLR4KO) BMDCs and increase cellular responsiveness to LPS in recipient cells. The transferred EVs have exosomal characteristics and induce the activation of NF-κB signaling pathways in recipient cells. We further show that BMDC-derived EVs can promote LPS-induced inflammation in TLR4KO mice in vivo. These results indicate that functional TLR4 can be transferred from wild-type to TLR4KO BMDCs through exosome-like EVs.
Three-stage ordered flow shops with either synchronous flow, blocking or no-idle machines

We show by induction that the shortest processing time sequence is optimal for a number of three-stage ordered flow shops with either synchronous flow, blocking or no-idle machines, effectively proving the optimality of an index priority rule when the adjacent job pairwise interchange argument does not hold. We also show that when the middle machine is maximal, the synchronous flow, blocking and no-wait problems are equivalent, because they can be effectively decomposed into two equivalent two-stage problems. A similar equivalence is shown for the classical flow shop and the flow shop with no-idle machines. These equivalences facilitate the solution of one problem by using the optimal algorithm for the equivalent problem. Finally, we observe that when the middle machine is minimal, the optimal sequence is not a pyramid sequence for the synchronous flow and blocking flow shops. On the other hand, we show that the optimal sequence for the flow shop with no-idle machines is a pyramid sequence obtainable by dynamic programming in pseudo-polynomial time.
Sharing scenarios facilitate division performance in preschoolers

Abstract Understanding division is critical for later mathematical achievement. Yet division concepts are difficult to grasp and are often not explicitly taught until middle childhood. Given the structural similarity between sharing and division, we investigated whether contextualizing division problems as sharing scenarios improved preschool-aged children’s abilities to solve them, as compared with other arithmetic problems which do not share structural similarities with sharing. Preschoolers (N = 113) completed an addition, subtraction, and division problem in either a sharing context that presented arithmetic via contextualized sharing scenarios, or a comparable, linguistically-matched non-social context (randomly assigned). Children were assessed on their formal, verbal responses and their informal, non-verbal, action-based responses (abilities to solve the problems using manipulatives) to these arithmetic problems. Most critically, context predicted children’s performance on the division, but not the addition or subtraction trial, supporting a structural link between sharing and division. Results also revealed that children’s action-based responses to the arithmetic problems were much more accurate than their verbal ones. Results are discussed in terms of the conceptual link between division and sharing.
Low temperature hydrothermal synthesis of Na3Fe2(PO4)2F3 and its cathode electrochemistry in Na- and Li-ion batteries

Abstract Na3Fe2(PO4)2F3 has been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. The structure of Na3Fe2(PO4)2F3 has been solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the phase purity has been evaluated by Rietveld refinement from high resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. Both methods establish the accuracy of P42/mnm space group and synthesis of so called beta2-polymorph. Room temperature 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopic studies confirm 3+ oxidation state of the compound. The electrochemical properties have been investigated with respect to Li- and Na-ion batteries. Galvanostatic charge-discharge studies indicate that up to ~0.6 lithium ions and only ~0.4 sodium ions per Fe can be inserted at an average voltage of 2.82 and 2.42 ​V with respect to Li+/Li and Na+/Na in lithium and sodium ion batteries, respectively. The cycle-life studies indicate that Li-ion batteries show very stable capacity retention over long cycles while Na-ion batteries tend to lose capacity after ~35 cycles at C/5 rate.
Localizing focal brain injury via EEG spectral variance

Abstract In this study, we consider the problem of localizing focal brain injuries from surface electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. To this end, we introduce a new analysis technique termed frequency-based intrinsic network dynamic reactivity (FINDR), which quantifies the extent to which different brain regions (defined in EEG channel space) are responsive to each other in terms of their frequency-domain activity. The technique generalizes the idea of EEG reactivity, a measure of how well EEG signals react/respond to exogenous stimuli. In the present work we generalize this notion to endogenous ‘stimuli,’ defined as short-time window frequency domain motifs that are most predominant on a per channel basis. For each of these predominant motifs, we quantify the variance of the activity in all other channels as a measure of ‘intrinsic reactivity’, under the hypothesis that channels proximal to injured regions will be systematically disassociated from other brain areas. We use this method as a front-end to a neural network classifier to predict injury location in a cohort of etiologically heterogeneous comatose patients. We achieve a 0.6 correlation between the predicted injury location and the actual brain injury. These results suggest a possibility of precise localization of brain injury using EEG.
Predictable Growth and the Recent Performance of Value Investing

Previous research finds that EPS growth has low predictability and reasons that much of the observed variation in valuation multiples is due to mispricing (e.g., Lakonishok, Shleifer, and Vishny 1994; Chan, Karceski, and Lakonishok 2003; Israel, Laursen, and Richardson 2021). We revisit these findings and document robust evidence of predictability in EPS growth. We find that common ‘value investing’ strategies select stocks with predictably lower EPS growth and that this helps to explain their recent performance.
Evaluation of BHV-1 antibody titer in a cattle herd against different BHV-1 strains.

Abstract Although modified-live multivalent vaccines, such as PregGuard GOLD and Bovi-Shield Gold, have been used routinely in both beef and dairy cattle in the US, abortion and respiratory diseases still occasionally occur following vaccination. To determine whether the antibody induced by the multivalent vaccine can recognize BHV-1 isolates from aborted animals, BHV-1 antibody titer was evaluated with two isolates from abortion cases and two vaccine BHV-1 viruses. Cattle serum was collected from a dairy herd that was vaccinated annually with Bovi-Shield Gold 5 vaccine. Among the 28 cattle tested, no statistical significant difference in serum neutralization titer was observed when test virus was either vaccine virus or clinical isolates. It suggests that the BHV-1 antibody from the vaccinated cattle can recognize both the vaccine virus and clinical isolates. However, it is noticed that cows at 5 years old or older had a significantly lower BHV-1 antibody titer on average than the average of SN titer in 3 year-old cows. Similarly, cows at 5 years or older had a significantly lower BVDV antibody titer than cows at about 2 years of age. In addition, cattle vaccinated within 0–2 months had a significantly higher BHV-1 titer than those that received vaccination 6 months or greater prior to titer measurement. In contrast, cattle that received a vaccination 6 months prior had a significantly higher anti-BVDV antibody titer than those vaccinated within 1–2 months. The BVDV antibody titers remained relatively unchanged between 6 months and 1 year post-vaccination. Our study suggests little antigenic variation exists between BHV-1 disease isolates and BHV-1 of the multivalent vaccines. In addition, BHV-1 antibody titer is relatively lower at 6 months post vaccination in those tested animals. However, the BVDV antibody titer remained relatively high after 6 months from time of vaccination.
Uncoordinated load balancing and congestion games in p2p systems

In P2P systems, users often have many choices of peers from whom to download their data. Each user cares primarily about its own response time, which depends on how many other users also choose that same peer. This interaction is best modeled as a game among self-interested agents, which we call uncoordinated load balancing. The players in this game are the rational and strategic users who are free to act in their own self-interest. We describe some of our recent work on this problem, and propose several new research directions, including analyzing Nash equilibria under general latency functions, a cost to switch servers, settings where user groups are dynamic, as well as the complexity of finding Nash solutions, and incentives for peers to be truthful in revealing their load.
TEACHING NATURAL RESOURCES 101 AS MANAGING FOR SOCIAL VALUES AND HUMAN-ECOSYSTEM RELATIONSHIPS

From the beginning lecture in their Principles of Natural Resource Management course, College of Natural Resources students at Utah State University (e.g., wildlife/fisheries managers, foresters, geographers, rangeland managers or environmental studies majors) are taught that they will not just manage for ecosystems and not just for people, but for valued relationships between the two (Brunson and Kennedy 1995, Koch and Kennedy 1991). These people-ecosystem relationships generate social values that are communicated to managers by interrelated economic, sociocultural and political/legal systems for society living and (to a lesser extent ) for generations of humans and other life-forms yet to be born. How these concepts evolved in American society and natural resource education, and the professional attitude and spirit in integrating them into a curriculum, are also discussed.
Computer conferencing: The exchange of experience☆

Abstract This article considers computer conferencing within a larger framework, showing its relationship with other forms of electronic information exchange. The author, recognizing the lack of empirical data available, describes the experience of operational trials of small research communities begun in 1977. The trials allow an assessment of information exchange and promote the existence of a population of experienced users.
Bovine milk intake and xanthine oxidase activity in blood serum.

Abstract Xanthine oxidase activity in blood serum was measured by a sensitive radio-enzymatic assay. Pigs receiving 7.6 liters of milk daily for 100 days did not show any detectable enzymatic activity in their blood. Xanthine oxidase activity in blood serum of 25 human volunteers had an average of 6.7 milliunits per liter with a range of 0 to 34.6 milliunits per liter. Neither a casual nor statistically significant relationship existed between xanthine oxidase activity in blood and average daily milk consumption, age, or sex.
The Cambridge Introduction to Shakespeare's Poetry: Shakespeare and English poetry

Anyone can be creative; it's rewriting other people that's a challenge. – Bertolt Brecht Most students and some scholars are surprised to learn that Shakespeare's greatest publishing success in his lifetime was Venus and Adonis . They are also surprised to learn that Shakespeare at his death was at least as well known for his non-dramatic poetry as for his work in the theater. Attention to the non-dramatic poetry tends to get swamped by the interest inevitably generated by the remarkable and sustained accomplishment of the plays. This tendency to marginalize the non-dramatic verse is a process at least as old as the First Folio of 1623, in which the compilers, for whatever reason, fail to include Venus and Adonis , Lucrece , the Sonnets, and “The Phoenix and Turtle,” in their collection of Shakespeare's works. Prior to the First Folio, though, the tendency was for publishers to advertise Shakespeare's accomplishments in non-dramatic poetry. William Jaggard, whose son Isaac published the First Folio, had in 1599 issued a work designed to capitalize on Shakespeare's growing fame as a poet: The Passionate Pilgrim (1599). A collection of twenty poems purported to be by Shakespeare, this volume prints several poems from an early comedy by Shakespeare, Love's Labour's Lost , as well as versions of two of the sonnets that would eventually be published in the 1609 Sonnets, and several poems by other poets.
Acute pancreatitis associated with high-concentration lipid emulsion during total parenteral nutrition therapy for Crohn's disease

A 17-yr-old boy with Crohn's disease and growth retardation developed an acute abdominal crisis while receiving total parenteral nutritional support. Acute pancreatitis was confirmed surgically. After recovery, in an attempt to provide adequate calories and to elucidate the inciting agent, he was rechallenged with his original total parenteral nutritional solution which contained 500 ml/day of a 20% fat emulsion. Symptoms and signs of acute pancreatitis quickly returned. Total parenteral nutrition was continued without the fat emulsion and symptoms and signs disappeared. This case suggests that acute pancreatitis was due to intolerance of high-concentration lipid emulsion.
The impact of high-speed rail and low-cost carriers on European air passenger traffic

The expansion of high-speed passenger rail service is often argued as a potentially effective, lower-carbon substitute for intercity air travel. Previous studies on the impact of high-speed rail on air travel in Europe and Asia have primarily examined the impact of travel time and price on market share for a specific city pair (or a handful of city pairs). There has been little focus on the extent to which high-speed rail (HSR) has reduced total short-haul air travel demand (versus market share), or on the potential impacts of high-speed rail on system-wide air travel demand. This paper presents an empirical, econometric analysis of air travel demand in Europe, utilizing an expanded data set to explore: (1) the impact of rail travel times, population density, and market characteristics on air traffic; and (2) the impact of high-speed rail and low-cost-carriers on system-wide air traffic. Although improvements in rail travel times have resulted in reductions in short-haul air travel, variations in city and airport characteristics significantly influence the substitution between air and rail. This paper also finds that HSR substitution has resulted in a modest reduction in system-wide air travel demand, whereas the expansion of low-cost carriers has led to a significant increase in total European air traffic. As concerns about the climate impacts of transportation grow, these results have significant implications for future transport and energy policy.
Complete chloroplast genome of the multifunctional crop globe artichoke and comparison with other Asteraceae.

With over 20,000 species, Asteraceae is the second largest plant family. High-throughput sequencing of nuclear and chloroplast genomes has allowed for a better understanding of the evolutionary relationships within large plant families. Here, the globe artichoke chloroplast (cp) genome was obtained by a combination of whole-genome and BAC clone high-throughput sequencing. The artichoke cp genome is 152,529 bp in length, consisting of two single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,155 bp, representing the longest IRs found in the Asteraceae family so far. The large (LSC) and the small (SSC) single-copy regions span 83,578 bp and 18,641 bp, respectively. The artichoke cp sequence was compared to the other eight Asteraceae complete cp genomes available, revealing an IR expansion at the SSC/IR boundary. This expansion consists of 17 bp of the ndhF gene generating an overlap between the ndhF and ycf1 genes. A total of 127 cp simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) were identified in the artichoke cp genome, potentially suitable for future population studies in the Cynara genus. Parsimony-informative regions were evaluated and allowed to place a Cynara species within the Asteraceae family tree. The eight most informative coding regions were also considered and tested for “specific barcode” purpose in the Asteraceae family. Our results highlight the usefulness of cp genome sequencing in exploring plant genome diversity and retrieving reliable molecular resources for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies, as well as for specific barcodes in plants.
Diastereoselective Prins-Type Reaction of Cycloalkenylcyclopropanol Silyl Ethers and α,β-Unsaturated Aldehyde Acetals

Electrophilic addition of 1-(1-cyclohexenyl)-1-cyclopropanol trimethylsilyl ether to α,β-unsaturated aldehyde acetals under Lewis acidic conditions proceeds with good to excellent diastereoselectivity to afford spirocyclobutanones containing three contiguous stereocenters. A convenient entry to enantioselective syntheses is available by use of a nonracemic C2-symmetric acetal. Elaboration of the resulting adducts provides ready access to medium-sized carbocycles.
Statistical analysis of interactive cytotoxicity in human epidermal keratinocytes following exposure to a mixture of four metals

Exposure to mixtures of chemicals is an important and relevant environmental issue. Of particular interest is the detection and characterization of departure of biological effects from additivity. Methodology based on the assumption of additivity is used in fitting single-chemicaldata. Interactionsare determined and characterized by making comparisons between the observed and predicted responses at mixtures along a fixed ratio ray of the component substances. Two simultaneous tests are developed for testing for any departure from additivity. Multiple comparisons procedures are used to compare observed responses to that predicted under additivity. A simultaneous confidence band on the predicted responses along the mixture ray is also developed. The methods are illustrated with cytotoxicity data that arise when human epidermal keratinocytes are exposed to a mixture of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead. Synergistic, antagonistic, and additive cytotoxicities were observed at different dose levels of the four-metal mixture.
X-ray coherent scatter imaging for surgical margin detection: a Monte Carlo study

Instead of having the entire breast removed (a mastectomy), breast cancer patients often receive a breast con- serving surgery (BCS) for removal of only the breast tumor. If post-surgery analysis reveals ta missed margin around the tumor tissue excised through the BCS procedure, the physician must often call the patient back for another surgery, which is both difficult and risky for the patient. If this “margin detection” could be performed during the BCS procedure itself, the surgical team could use the analysis to ensure that all tumor tissue was removed in a single surgery, thereby potentially reducing the number of call backs from breast cancer surgery. We describe here a potential technique to detect surgical tumor margins in breast cancer using x-ray coherent scatter imaging. In this study, we demonstrate the imaging ability of this technique using Monte Carlo simulations.
Detection and Estimation of Brønsted Acidities in Alkali Metal Cation Exchanged X and Y Zeolites

An “indicator titration” method that can identify the acidity of a zeolite is presented. This method is particularly useful when the zeolite possesses acidity that is below the detection limit of conventional techniques such as MAS NMR. However, this technique underestimates the extent of acidity of zeolites that contain a large number of acidic sites such as in CaY and HY. On the basis of this technique, the commonly available alkali metal exchanged Y zeolites are estimated to contain one acidic site per ∼116 aluminums. In contrast to Y, the alkali metal exchanged X zeolites do not contain enough Bronsted acid sites to be detected by this technique.
Transient response of three-phase slurry reactors

Abstract Analytical time domain solutions are provided for the transient response of three-phase slurry reactors, with diffusion and first-order irreversible ch input of the reactant in the inlet gas stream; and (b) when the catalyst particles are suddenly introduced into the reactor which has otherwise reached obtained for the general case of continuous slurry reactors but can be easily reduced for application to semi-batch slurry reactors in which there is n and are expected to be useful for evaluating the rate and equilibrium constants from dynamic response experiments. Asymptotic solutions have also been obtained for the case of large Thiele parameter (φ ≥ 3) and some other simpler expressions have been derived as only for gaseous reactants of moderate or high solubility in the liquid phase and are not applicable to those with low solubility.
Freight emission modeling framework phase one: Generating county-level freight data using public sources

This is phase one of a multi-year research project funded by the National Center for Freight and Infrastructure Research and Education (CFIRE). The overall objective is to develop a regional freight planning model which can be applied to regional freight emission modeling. Analogous to passenger travel models, a regional freight planning model will require good quality regional freight survey data, the availability of which has been one of the biggest obstacle in freight modeling. This paper describes an on-going effort to generating county-level freight shipment data by commodity type using publicly available data sources as the first step to freight modeling.
The desoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA) content in spermatozoa of fertile and infertile human males.

Microspectrophotometric studies were made on the amounts of DNA in individual spermatozoa of 21 human males with proven fertility and on 18 human males who are partners in sterile couples. The results were as follows:
Six-State Transactional Analysis in Statistical Consultation

Abstract Transactional analysis can be used to analyze personal interactions between consulting statisticians and their clients. The Parent-Adult-Child model has recently been refined to consist of six states by subdividing the Parent and Child ego states. The authors briefly define the six ego states (Nurturing Parent, Critical Parent, Adult, Adapted Child, Free Child, and Rebellious Child) and describe their occurrence during statistical consultations. Recommendations are given for identifying the ego states, setting realistic goals for relationships, and modifying unsatisfactory transactions.
Biosynthesis of myristate in an aphid: involvement of a specific acylthioesterase.

Abstract Approximately 70% of the total fatty acids of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum , is myristate. The fatty acids of the phospholipid fraction consist of over 80% 18-carbon saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, whereas myristate accounts for almost 90% of the fatty acids of the triacylglycerol fraction. In vivo studies showed that [1- 14 C]acetate was incorporated into both saturated (primarily myristate) and monounsaturated fatty acids, with the 14-carbon fatty acid incorporated almost exclusively into the triacylglycerol fraction and the 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids preferentially incorporated into the phospholipid fraction. A 105,000 g particle-free supernatant preparation incorporated radiolabel from [ 3 H]acetyl-coenyzme A (CoA) primarily into myristate at low malonyl-CoA concentrations, and primarily into 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids at high malonyl-CoA concentrations. Using low malonyl-CoA concentrations, [ 3 H]acetyl-CoA was preferentially incorporated into myristate at low ionic stengths, and into 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids at high ionic strengths. Sepharose 6B column chromatography was used to partially purify the fatty acid synthetase (FAS). The partially purified FAS produced 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids exclusively, regardless of malonyl-CoA concentrations or ionic strengths. However, when a separate heat-labile fraction from the Sepharose 6B column was added to the partially purified FAS, it restored the ability of the FAS to produce myristate. Adding larger amounts of this fraction to the partially purified FAS resulted in the formation of a higher percentage of myristate. This fraction contained thioesterase activity, and was partially resolved into two thioesterase activities by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The later eluting thioesterase, but not the earlier eluting one, was responsible for chain termination at 14 carbons. This thioesterase readily cleaved 18-, 16-, and 14-carbon acyl-CoA's, but had a much lower specificity for a C 12 CoA. This later eluting thioesterase also restored activity to FAS treated with phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. These results suggest the presence of an acylthioesterase in the aphid which releases the growing acyl chain from the FAS when it reaches 14 carbons.
Screening for thelytoky in the parahaploid phytoseiid, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt)

M. occidentalis is parahaploid, with unmated females unable to deposit eggs. We screened virgin females from 59 laboratory and field-collected colonies to determine whether thelytoky might occur. The results were negative, among 13 100 females reared in isolation.