cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
/spl mu//K/sub m/-synthesis via bilinear matrix inequalities

The effectiveness of the bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) approach to /spl mu//K/sub m/-synthesis is investigated via two design examples based on the 1991 ACC benchmark problem. The first design example is a straightforward /spl mu//K/sub m/-synthesis problem. The second example concerns the /spl mu//K/sub m/-synthesis of one controller for two plants. The controller is constrained to be fourth order. For both examples, the BMI approach increases the guaranteed lower bounds to multivariable stability margins of the resulting closed loops by about 10% over the corresponding results from D-K iteration with no increase in controller order. A summary of the underlying theory and a conceptual outline of the BMI /spl mu//K/sub m/-synthesis algorithm are also included. >
Precious metals: The fundamental determinants of their price behaviour☆

Abstract This paper analyses the fundamental factors that determine price developments in the markets for gold, silver and platinum. The distinguishing features characterizing each of the metals are brought out. The factors analysed include: the central role of South Africa and the USSR in the mine supply of gold and platinum; the overwhelming importance of the photography industry and catalytic automobile converters in the demand for silver and platinum; and the use of precious metals for investment and hoarding. In the case of gold, the inventory owners wield a far greater influence than any other factors that affect that market.
Controller design for a large space structure test facility using experimental frequency response data

The results of the application of modern robust control design techniques have been disappointing. This is particularly true for applications involving flexible structures due to the conservatism inherent in assuming the presence of unstructured model uncertainty. It has been observed that models for such systems derived from finite element approaches exhibit highly structured uncertainty. This paper demonstrates that numerical techniques for controller design can be used in conjunction with experimental frequency response data to design effective controllers for flexible systems. Test results are presented for a reduced order controller which achieves significant damping improvement for a large space structure (LSS) test article. >
The molecular biology of coronaviruses

This chapter discusses the manipulation of clones of coronavirus and of complementary DNAs (cDNAs) of defective-interfering (DI) RNAs to study coronavirus RNA replication, transcription, recombination, processing and transport of proteins, virion assembly, identification of cell receptors for coronaviruses, and processing of the polymerase. The nature of the coronavirus genome is nonsegmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA. Its size ranges from 27 to 32 kb, which is significantly larger when compared with other RNA viruses. The gene encoding the large surface glycoprotein is up to 4.4 kb, encoding an imposing trimeric, highly glycosylated protein. This soars some 20 nm above the virion envelope, giving the virus the appearance-with a little imagination-of a crown or coronet. Coronavirus research has contributed to the understanding of many aspects of molecular biology in general, such as the mechanism of RNA synthesis, translational control, and protein transport and processing. It remains a treasure capable of generating unexpected insights.
Circadian Rhythms in General

One doesn’t have to look at many living organisms before noticing that a lot of behavioral physiology is temporally organized in periodic patterns. In fact, if I had to decide what impresses me as the single most conspicuous feature of natural ecosystems, I would say that it is the daily and seasonal periodism and the consequent temporal organization of niche structure, food webs, and behavior. Of course, it would seem natural to assume that any given daily rhythm or seasonal rhythm is a response to the environmental cycle of days and nights, summer and winter. This is often the case. It is, for example, in the case of “deep scattering layers”. These are layers of diverse fauna in all the world’s oceans that show up very clearly on sonar. They go deeper in the daytime and rise back toward the surface by night. My job on an Indian Ocean Expedition cruise from Woods Hole in summer of 1964 was to study these deep scattering layers using sonar and tow nets during their diurnal up-and-down migrations. Investigators in Cousteau’s diving saucer found that the deep scattering layer consists largely of small fish. They seem to simply follow light intensity, e.g., they come up during eclipses. Enright and Hamner (1967) later found a substantial role of endogenous rhythmicity in the vertical diurnal migrations of invertebrates in the scattering layers.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Pain Intensity Among Ethnically Diverse Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Chronic pain is highly prevalent in older adults and often negatively associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study compared HRQoL, including physical health and mental health, in persons of differing ethnicities, and identified factors associated with pain intensity and HRQoL in ethnically diverse older adults. Older adults with chronic pain from four ethnic groups (African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, Hispanics, and European Americans) were recruited from the Florida Atlantic University Healthy Aging Research Initiative (HARI) registry. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) was used to evaluate HRQoL, including functional status, emotional well-being, and social functioning. Of 593 persons in the four ethnic groups in the registry, 174 met the inclusion criteria (pain level of four or higher on an 11-point scale, lasting 3 months or longer). Among these 174, African Americans reported the highest level of pain intensity, followed by Afro-Caribbeans, Hispanics, and European Americans. Hispanics reported the highest physical health scores and the lowest mental health scores. In contrast, African Americans reported the highest mental health scores and the lowest physical health scores. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that ethnicity, lower physical health scores, and lower mental health scores were significantly (p ≤ .01) associated with pain intensity. Understanding ethnic variations in response to pain intensity may address gaps in knowledge about HRQoL to reduce disparities in optimal care. Health care providers should consider ethnic norms and cultural diversity to provide optimal interventions for this population.
Appearance of 7-methylguanosine-5'-phosphate in the rna of mouse 1-cell embryos three hours after fertilization.

Abstract [3H]-guanosine-labelled RNA isolated from 1-cell mouse embryos 1–3 hours after fertilization was digested with a mixture of RNase A, and ribonucleases T1 and T2 followed by nucleotide pyrophosphatase. Radioactive 7-methylguanosine-5′-phosphate and Gp were present in the digest with a high ratio of the former to the latter. This result suggests that the mouse ovum contains a store of mRNA which is made available for translation immediately after fertilization by the addition of 7-methylguanosine to the 5′-terminus. The presence of the Gp in the digest shows that guanosine is incorporated into internal positions in the RNA, and may mean that RNA is synthesized for a short period after fertilization.
Mr. and Mrs. President : from the Trumans to the Clintons

It began with Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt. It accelerated with Jack and Jackie Kennedy. Lady Bird and Lyndon Johnson became partners in office and Nancy and Ronnie seemed joined at the hip. Without question, the presidential couple has arrived as a force in politics. Yet surprisingly, the electorate is not happy about it. The emergence of the presidential couple is one of the most important and contentious developments in America's postwar political history. Its citizens' reaction to the First Couple reflects the country's changing morality, its uncertain attitude toward feminism, and the increasing power of the media. Gil Troy traces these shifts through ten presidential marriages, from the homesick tensions between Harry and Bess Truman to the very public scandals endured by Bill and Hillary Clinton. Along the way, readers learn of Mamie Eisenhower's perseverance on her husband's campaign trail, Gerald Ford's embarrassment over Betty's outspoken honesty, and the amazing political success of Nancy and Ronald Reagan's partnership in office. With a new chapter devoted to Hillary and Bill Clinton's tainted partnership in office and to our present First Lady's senatorial ambitions, this edition of Gil Troy's Mr. and Mrs. President offers fresh insights into America's paradoxical expectations for its presidential wives and husbands. "Troy argues that the rise of the First Couple is not simply a function of the women's movement, but reflects a mixture of factors, including the weakening of parties, the rise of personality politics, the increasing power of the Presidency and the Federal Government and perhaps, most important of all, the 'rise of the mass media and the new political culture it spawned.'" "New York Times Book Review.""
Serological and genotypic characterization of group a rotavirus reassortants from diarrheic calves born to dams vaccinated against rotavirus

Abstract Two strains of bovine rotavirus (BRV), designated strain Nebraska Scottsbluff-1 (NS-1) and NS-2, were isolated from 2 neighboring cow-calf beef cattle ranches where dams had been vaccinated with a commercial vaccine containing group A BRV strain Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Virus (NCDV)-Lincoln (P1:G6). Nothern blot by hybridizations using whole genomic RNA probes indicated that strains NS-1 and NS-2 had identical group A RNA electrophoretic patterns and were homologous at all gene segments. Strain NS-1 was compared with reference group A BRV strains using serological and genotypic methods. In vitro virus neutralization assays indicated that strain NS-1 was neutralized by a G6-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) and guinea pig hyperimmune serum (GPHS) raised against BRV strain B641 (P5:G6), but not by G10-specific neutralizing mAb or GPHS raised against BRV strain BRV strain B223 (P11:G10). Nucleic acid hybridization experiments using whole-genomic RNA probes revealed that gene segment 4 of strain NS-1 differed from BRV strains NCDV-Lincoln and B223, but hybridized with strain B641. Conversely, gene segment 5 of strain NS-1 hybridized with BRV strain B223, but not with BRV strains NCDV-Lincoln and B641. A G-specific cDNA probe produced by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of strain NS-1 hybridized specifically only with G6 strains NCDV-Lincoln and B641, but not with G10 strain B223. Co-electrophoresis experiments using strains NS-1, B641, and B223 further confirmed these results, suggesting that strain NS-1 was a naturally-occurring reassortant BRV between strains B641 and B223. Taken together these results indicated that a naturally-occurring group A BRV reassortant with a P gene different from the vaccine virus was responsible for the diarrheal syndrome observed on both ranches. Results from this study also indicate the existence of at least 2 different gene segments 5 among group A BRV infecting cattle.
Timing and indications for colectomy in chronic ulcerative colitis: Surgical consideration

Total proctocolectomy (TPC) cures a patient of the intestinal manifestation of chronic ulcerative colitis. The timing of surgery during the illness will influence the choice of operation, the frequency of post-operative complications, and the long-term functional outcomes. Surgery is divided into emergency, urgent, and elective procedures. Emergency cases are performed for complications of fulminant colitis: hemorrhage, perforation, toxic megacolon or sepsis. A subtotal colectomy (STC) with a Brooke ileostomy (BI) is the procedure of choice. STC removes the bulk of the disease, allows the patient's health to be restored, medication to be withdrawn, and permits a future restorative operation. Urgent operations occur in hospitalized patients with continued symptoms after seven days of maximal medical therapy. Once again the preferred operation is a STC-BI. Indications for elective colectomy include: persistent symptoms despite maximal medical therapy, medication side-effects, persistent chronic disease state, dysplasia/malignancy. Elective surgical options include TPC-BI, TPC with ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), or STC-BI. The choice of operation is based upon patient preference and preoperative physiologic and functional status. Factors associated with increased post-operative complications are weight loss >10%, multiple preoperative blood transfusions, albumin <3.0 gm/dl, and degree of immuno-suppression. In high-risk patients, STC-BI should be performed. IPAA can be performed later after the patient's health is restored. In conclusion, numerous factors affect the timing and choice of operation in patients with CUC. Avoiding complications in IPAA patients is essential as they negatively impact the long-term function and durability of the IPAA.
Real time multivariable laser Doppler analysis of arterial and venous compromise

Laser Doppler perfusion monitoring was used to assess microcirculatory blood flow, volume, and velocity before and after total arterial or total venous occlusion in 18 buttock island flaps. Critical analysis of these three laser Doppler perfusion values was found to be useful in differentiating adequately perfused skin from inadequately perfused skin, as well as in distinguishing arterial from venous compromise. Multivariable laser Doppler analysis demonstrated that arterial occlusion produced a more rapid and greater percentage decrease in flow and volume values than did venous occlusion. Arterial occlusion produced an insignificant percentage change in velocity values, whereas venous occlusion produced a substantial percentage decrease in velocity values. The substantial intrasubject and intersubject variability in absolute laser Doppler perfusion values suggests that normalized or percentage change values are more revealing than absolute values, although they require the acquisition of reliable baseline data.
A simplex algorithm for piecewise-linear programming I: Derivation and proof

The simplex method for linear programming can be extended to permit the minimization of any convex separable piecewise-linear objective, subject to linear constraints. This three-part paper develops and analyzes a general, computationally practical simplex algorithm for piecewiselinear programming. Part I derives and justifies the essential steps of the algorithm, by extension from the simplex method for linear programming in bounded variables. The proof employs familiar finite-termination arguments and established piecewise-linear duality theory. Part II considers the relaxation of technical assumptions pertaining to finiteness, feasibility and nondegeneracy of piecewise-linear programs. Degeneracy is found to have broader consequences than in the linear case, and the standard techniques for prevention of cycling are extended accordingly. Part III analyzes the computational requirements of piecewise-linear programming. The direct approach embodied in the piecewise-linear simplex algorithm is shown to be inherently more efficient than indirect approaches that rely on transformation of piecewise-linear programs to equivalent linear programs. A concluding section surveys the many applications of piecewise-linear programming in linear programming,l 1 estimation, goal programming, interval programming, and nonlinear optimization.
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the fusion of small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles

Abstract Small phospholipid vesicles, prepared so as to minimize impurities, fuse relatively slowly resulting in the time-dependent development of a characteristic endotherm in differential scanning calorimetry and corresponding changes in the Raman spectrum. The stability of small vesicles towards fusion increases with increasing acyl chain length for the series C-14 through 18. Within the protocols of these experiments, the fusion rate remains unchanged whether the vesicles are held at 10°C below Tm or at Tm itself. We have determined enthalpies of transition for small vesicles and fusion product for C-14 through C-18. In each case ΔH for small vesicles is lower than that of the corresponding multilamellar vesicles, while the fusion product ΔH is intermediate between small and multilamellar vesicles. The apparent lack of concensus in the literature as to the nature of the fusion process is ascribed to the variety of protocols used as well as the presence or absence of fusion-inducing impurities.
Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

The appropriate use of the clinical microbiology laboratory for diagnosing lower respiratory tract infections is controversial. As in clinical care, it is crucial to categorize the presenting illness properly as acute bronchitis, an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, or nosocomial pneumonia if diagnostic efforts to establish a microbial etiology are to be productive for the individual patient and affordable to society. The greatest potential benefit of microbiological investigations lies in the etiologic diagnosis of pneumonia. For community-acquired pneumonia, evaluation of a gram-stained smear of sputum in terms of both quality and microorganisms present can help guide initial therapy as well as aid interpretation of subsequent culture results. As discussed in this review, the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in the etiologic diagnosis of nosocomial and complicated pneumonias is more extensive and, in addition to evaluation of respiratory secretions, may include cultures of blood, pleural fluid, and specimens obtained by bronchoscopy. However, a prerequisite for the use of all currently available tests is their deployment for patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of pneumonia.
Agents and mechanisms of toxic myopathy.

Purpose of review Mechanistic-based research has made possible a more pathophysiologic approach to certain drug-induced muscle disorders, especially those caused by the lipid-lowering statin family of drugs, but also myopathies caused by antimicrotubule drugs, mitochondrial toxins, foods, and purported nutriceutical remedies. This is a critical review of those syndromes that are most well founded on evidence of challenge/de-challenge/re-challenge, case-controls, or experimental controls. Recent findings Statins are well tolerated drugs with very high safety windows in skeletal muscle, and third-generation statins now under development offer the hope of even less risk of toxic myopathy. Toxicity is dose-related and time-related, and is due to intramyofiber cascades downstream from 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG Co-A) reductase inhibition. A robust pathophysiologic animal model shows that statins decrease strength and increase cytosolic Ca 2+ by increasing both mitochondrial Ca 2+ permeability and Ca 2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. As a result, the earliest pathologic change in statin myotoxicity is compatible with simple necrosis and intracellular membrane accumulation. Genome-wide searching has yielded a single nucleotide polymorphism in the SLCO1B1 gene for the organic anion-transporting polypeptide that regulates statin uptake. Drug-drug interactions dominate recent reports of all toxic myopathies. The peculiar mitochondrial pathology of zidovudine-induced mitochondrial DNA depletion, cytochrome oxidase depletion, and mitochondrial proliferation has been confirmed in a rigorous animal model. Finally, recent interest has been piqued by putative lipid-lowering neutraceuticals like red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) and edible mushrooms that can clearly cause toxic myopathy. Summary A principled approach to the diagnosis of toxic myopathies, based on the consideration of currently known pathophysiologic mechanisms, biopsy pathology, the characteristic clearance properties of creatine kinase, the time course of muscle fiber regeneration, drug challenge/de-challenge/re-challenge, and differential diagnoses, rather than on mere temporal association, will reduce the healthcare costs of common diagnostic error.
Syntactic persistence in language production

Abstract Activation processes appear to have an important impact on the mechanisms of language use, including those responsible for syntactic structure in speech. Some implications of this claim for theories of language performance were examined with a syntactic priming procedure. On each priming trial, subjects produced a priming sentence in one of several syntactic forms. They then viewed an unrelated event in a picture and described it in one sentence. The probability of a particular syntactic form being used in the description increased when that form had occurred in the prime, under presentation conditions that minimized subjects' attention to their speech, to the syntactic features of the priming sentences, and to connections between the priming sentences and the subsequent pictures. This syntactic repetition effect suggests that sentence formulation processes are somewhat inertial and subject to such probabilistic factors as the frequency or recency of use of particular structural forms. Two further experiments showed that this effect was not appreciably modified by variations in certain conceptual characteristics of sentences, and all three experiments found evidence that the effects of priming were specific to features of sentence form, independent of sentence content. The empirical isolability of structural features from conceptual characteristics of successive utterances is consistent with the assumption that some syntactic processes are organized into a functionally independent subsystem.
Bimetallic redox sites for photochemical CO2 splitting in mesoporous silicate sieve

Les sites binucleaires redox de Ti ou Zr oxopontes a un centre Cu(I) ou Sn(II) ont ete ancres de maniere covalente a la surface des pores d'un tamis de silice MCM-41 par un procede de greffage en uneseule etape. Les sites binucleaires illustrent un transfert de charge metal-metal (MMCT) induit par une absorption profonde dans le visible. L'ancrage covalent se manifeste par des modes infrarouge de basse frequence. L'illumination du chromophore MMCT de ZrCu(I)-MCM41 en presence d'un atmosphere de CO 2 a temperature ambiante conduit a l'apparition de pics a des frequences de 2150 et 1600 cm - 1 , dus respectivement au CO et a H 2 O. Les experiences de photolyse utilisant des molecules marquees 1 3 CO 2 et C 1 8 O 2 montrent que le monoxyde de carbone et l'atome d'oxygene de l'eau proviennent du CO 2 , indiquant que la decomposition du CO 2 procede de l'excitation de l'entite MMCT. Il s'agit de la premiere observation de la reduction du CO 2 a un site binucleaire MMCT, a une interface solide-gaz.
Advertising what lies behind the academic door: Occupational identity displays

Abstract We used an unobtrusive research design to observe and measure the materials that academics post on their office doors in a social science department. The purpose of the study was to uncover how social actors advertise dimensions of their occupational identities. The analysis examined variation in the amounts and types of door materials, focusing specifically on how indicators of social status influenced expressions given in displays of occupational identity. We found that door displays are related to professorial rank and other relevant status markers. We encourage researchers to replicate the study in different types of universities and academic departments.
Accumulating Evidence on the Benefits and Costs of Supported and Transitional Employment for Persons with Severe Disabilities

Evidence about the benefits and costs of supported and transitional employment for persons with severe disabilities is presented along with relevant caveats in the absence of controlled studies. Some of the major forms of supported and transitional employment services are compared with adult day care and traditional sheltered workshops, including work activity centers. Despite weaknesses in the data, sufficient information exists to argue that all forms of employment—supported, transitional, and sheltered—are more productive in terms of earnings and less costly to provide than adult day care. The lack of definitive data is seen as a major impediment to the expansion of supported and transitional employment options for people with severe disabilities; hence, stricter accountability is recommended. All service providers, regardless of the vintage of their programs, should be required to show benefits and costs within a uniform framework of measurement.
Effects of maneuvers on swallowing function in a dysphagic oral cancer patient

This study examined the effects of three swallow maneuvers: (1) the supraglottic swallow (voluntary closure of the vocal folds prior to the swallow); (2) the super-supraglottic swallow (airway closure at the level of the arytenoid to base of epiglottis); and (3) the Mendelsohn maneuver (voluntary prolongation of laryngeal elevation and cricopharyngeal opening during swallow) on swallow functioning in a 47-year-old patient who underwent right composite resection for a squamous cell carcinoma of the right retromolar trigone. All maneuvers were employed during the same videofluorographic (VFG) swallow study conducted 6 months after the patient's surgery. Biomechanical analysis of 3-mL swallows defined the extent and timing of tongue base retraction to the posterior pharyngeal wall, laryngeal elevation, laryngeal closure and cricopharyngeal opening during swallows with and without maneuvers. Airway closure duration was prolonged during supraglottic and super-supraglottic swallows, but aspiration was not eliminated. Use of the Mendelsohn maneuver improved coordination and timing of pharyngeal swallow events, including timing of posterior movement of the tongue base to the pharyngeal wall in relation to airway closure and cricopharyngeal opening, with elimination of aspiration. The Mendelsohn maneuver compensated for anatomic and physiologic changes in the oropharyngeal swallow and enabled reinstatement of safe oral intake in this surgically treated head and neck cancer patient who was previously unable to take nutrition orally.
The Value of Different Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Metrics in Predicting Business Performance

Managers commonly use customer feedback data to set goals and monitor performance on metrics such as “Top 2 Box” customer satisfaction scores and “intention-to-repurchase” loyalty scores. However, analysts have advocated a number of different customer feedback metrics including average customer satisfaction scores and the number of “net promoters” among a firm's customers. We empirically examine which commonly used and widely advocated customer feedback metrics are most valuable in predicting future business performance. Using American Customer Satisfaction Index data, we assess the linkages between six different satisfaction and loyalty metrics and COMPUSTAT and CRSP data-based measures of different dimensions of firms' business performance over the period 1994--2000. Our results indicate that average satisfaction scores have the greatest value in predicting future business performance and that Top 2 Box satisfaction scores also have good predictive value. We also find that while repurchase likelihood and proportion of customers complaining have some predictive value depending on the specific dimension of business performance, metrics based on recommendation intentions (net promoters) and behavior (average number of recommendations) have little or no predictive value. Our results clearly indicate that recent prescriptions to focus customer feedback systems and metrics solely on customers' recommendation intentions and behaviors are misguided.
Effect of Prior Processing on the Performance of PH 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel Helicopter Components

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the root cause of the differences noted in the fatigue test data of main rotor spindle assembly retaining rods fabricated from three different vendors, as part of a “Second Source” evaluation process. ARL performed dimensional verification, accessed overall workmanship, and measured the respective surface roughness of the rods in an effort to identify any discrepancies. Next, mechanical testing was performed, followed by optical and electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. Finally, ARL performed laboratory heat treatments at the required aging temperature and follow-up mechanical testing.
Energetics of Light-Induced Charge Separation Across Membranes

The efficiency of light induced electron transfer across membranes is examined on a molecular level. The activation energies that determine this efficiency are evaluated by pure electrostatic considerations in terms of the membrane dielectric and the relaxation of the dielectric at the sites of the electron donors and acceptors. These considerations allow one, for the first time, to assess the efficiency of photosynthetic systems in terms of their molecular components. It is demonstrated that a conduction chain of stacked acceptors immersed in a low dielectric membrane cannot be expected to provide an efficient photosynthetic system. On the other hand, efficient photosynthetic systems can be obtained when the acceptors are placed in polar active sites of proteins and arranged in order of increasing redox potentials.
Molecular dynamics studies on the structures of polymer electrolyte membranes and diffusion mechanism of protons and small molecules

Abstract We performed a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on Nafion® membranes containing various quantities of H2O and CH3OH. The simulations afforded diverse nanoscale phase-separated structures, such as clusters, channels, and cluster–channels. The calculated cluster–channel structure qualitatively agrees with the experimental results of X-ray diffraction studies. We also investigated the diffusion mechanisms for H2O, protons, CH3OH, H2, and O2 in these membranes. To reproduce the hopping transfer of protons, we employed a semi-classical MD approach using the empirical valence bond method. The estimated diffusion coefficients of H2O and proton in the membranes significantly depended on the H2O content, and these values showed qualitatively good agreement with the experimental results. The diffusion coefficient of proton in H2O-rich membranes was much larger than that of H2O, and the proton mainly formed H5O2+ complex. Furthermore, the simulation results indicate that the majority of CH3OH permeates through the H2O clusters, and the majority of H2 and O2 permeates through the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
Immunological comparison of mouse hemoglobins.

Immunological properties of several mice hemoglobins bearing α chains 1 or 4 and β chains s, dmaj or pmin were compared using radioimmunoassays that involved inhibition by these hemoglobins of a reaction between125I-labeled C57BL/6 hemoglobin (α chain 1, β chain s) and horse antibody against C57BL/6 hemoglobin. SJL hemoglobin (α chains 1 and 4. β chains) and C57BL/6 hemoglobin were found to have identical relative association constants,K0(rel). The dmaj hemoglobins from DBA/2 and AU/Ss mice (α chain 1, β chain dmaj) were 3.3 to 3.6 times less reactive while the pmin hemoglobin from AU/Ss mice was found to be 17 times weaker than C57BL/6 hemoglobin. These immunological differences correlate with the amino acid sequence differences in the β chains.
BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A P-TYPE ATPASE FROM LEISHMANIA DONOVANI PROMASTIGOTE PLASMA MEMBRANE

Abstract An ATPase on the plasma membrane of Leishmania donovani has been characterized. An antiserum, generated against ATPase active bands from native gels, was specific for a 105 kDa protein in promastigotes. However, in plasma membrane preparations a 70 kDa protein is also recognized, suggesting proteolysis of the intact 105 kDa protein or the presence of a second similar ATPase. [γ-32P]ATP phosphorylates two proteins (105 kDa and 70 kDa) in promastigotes and plasma membranes. Both proteins form a transient phosphorylated intermediate, characteristic of a P-type ATPase. Immunostaining of permeabilized parasites shows diffuse staining of the surface of promastigotes and amastigotes, which is consistent with a plasma membrane protein. The antiserum immunoprecipitates a 70 kDa [14C]DCCD binding protein from whole cells and plasma membranes of promastigotes. Furthermore, the antiserum immunoprecipitates a 105 kDa and 70 kDa protein which can be subsequently phosphorylated. These results indicate the presence of a 105 kDa P-type ATPase on the L. donovani plasma membrane which is similar to the mammalian and fungal cation pumps.
Pathology consultation on intermediate-to-large B-cell lymphomas.

Objectives: Intermediate-to-large B-cell lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of aggressive lesions frequently encountered in practice. The differential diagnosis includes the most common of all lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), as well as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, and the blastoid variant of mantle cell lymphoma. In recent decades, gene expression profiling studies have clarified the biologic origins and features of these diseases. Moreover, clinically relevant subtypes of DLBCL have been identified, and a new category was defined: B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL. Herein, we review the salient diagnostic features of the various entities within this differential diagnosis and provide a stepwise diagnostic approach for dealing with challenging cases. Methods: A case-based approach is used to highlight diagnostic dilemmas and clinical decision points within the differential diagnosis of intermediate-to-large B-cell lymphomas. Results: Based on the published literature and World Health Organization criteria, we suggest a diagnostic algorithm for appropriate classification of these lymphomas. Conclusions: Correct classification of intermediate-to-large B-cell lymphomas is important, because prognosis and therapeutic approach vary for different tumors and tumor subclasses. Understanding both disease-specific criteria and pathologic features that influence clinical behavior within a category is imperative for evaluation of these lymphomas.
Influences on the Congruence between Parents’ and Teachers’ Ratings of Young Children’s Social Skills and Problem Behaviors

Abstract A comprehensive research base exists concerning the congruence between parents’ and teachers’ ratings of the behavior of typically developing young children. However, little research has been conducted regarding the degree to which parents’ and teachers’ behavioral ratings of young children with disabilities are congruent. Additionally, previous research has not always correctly proportioned the variance to that between and within classrooms. The purpose of this study was to examine congruence (using hierarchical linear modeling) at the classroom level, rather than the individual student-level, between parents’ and teachers’ ratings of young children's social skills and problem behaviors. We also examined the potential impact of selected family and child demographic variables, including disability, on this congruence. Consistent with other researchers, we found moderate levels of congruence for children's social skills (as framed by strengths-based statements) and low levels of congruence for problem behaviors (as described using deficit-based terminology). Parents’ and teachers’ congruence was higher when rating the social skills of young children with disabilities as compared to young children without disabilities.
Experiments on Cone Drag in a Rarefied Air Flow

Experiments were made to find the drag on the fore portion of a circular cone in a rarefied supersonic flow. Wind-tunnel tests on a cone of 15 deg half angle were conducted over a range of Reynolds number (based on freestream properties and cone slant length) of 70 to 1500 at Mach 2 and 500 to 7000 at Mach 4. The experimental drag curves are in fair agreement wi th available boundary layer predictions if certain induced pressure and tranverse curvature effects are included, a l though some difference in trend of the experimental and theoretical curves is evident.
Acquisition and transfer of occasion setting in operant feature positive and feature negative discriminations

Abstract The acquisition and transfer of stimulus control in discrete-trial operant feature positive and feature negative discriminations was examined in two experiments with rats. When the feature and target cues were presented simultaneously on compound training trials, the feature appeared to acquire simple excitatory or inhibitory control, which readily transferred to other target cues and which was substantially reduced by post-training counterconditioning. Conversely, when the feature preceded the target during training, the feature's control was relatively more specific to responding in the presence of its original target and less influenced counterconditioning. These results are comparable to outcomes of analogous experiments (previously reported) that used Pavlovian conditioning procedures.
The Uptake and Distribution of Buried Radionuclides by Pocket Gophers (Thomomys bottae)

Abstract Material Disposal Area G (Area G) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is a low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. The noticeably high activity of pocket gophers on closed waste burial sites of various types at Area G resulted in the need to understand possible interactions between gophers and radioactive waste. Fossorial animals can influence the fate of contaminants by directly burrowing into waste trenches, pushing contaminated soil to the surface, or through indirect mechanisms such as consumption of contaminant-laden vegetation or the ingestion of soil. In our study, pocket gophers, mound soil, surface soil, and vegetation were collected at Area G and at offsite reference locations. The samples were analyzed for 241Am, 238Pu, 239Pu, 3H, and total U. It did not appear that gophers were responsible for any upward transport of radionuclides. Concentrations of 241Am, 238Pu, 239Pu, and 3H in some gophers, soil, and vegetation were higher than at reference sites; however, only 3H in gophe...
An initial-boundary value problem for the Ginzburg-Landau equation

Abstract This paper establishes existence and uniqueness of the weak solution to the Ginzburg-Landau equation posed in a finite domain Ω = [0, L] for t ⩾ 0, with certain initial-boundary data.
New theoretical results on the CO…cyclobutadiene complex

Abstract Ab initio molecular-orbital calculations at the 4-31G/CID level of approximation were performed for the CO…C 4 H 4 complex. A local minimum for a C 4 H 4 CO distance of 1.386 A has been found in the configuration in which the CO is perpendicular to the cyclobutadiene plane. For this configuration of the complex, the vibrational fre quencies of cyclobutadiene were calculated and the results are in qualitative agreement with the sparse experimental evidence. The importance of multiple Hartree-Fock solutions in describing the ground-state wavefunction of the complex is discussed.
Correlation of clinical sinusitis signs and symptoms to imaging findings in pediatric patients

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between signs and symptoms of upper respiratory tract disease and sinus images in a convenience sample of sixty pediatric patients scheduled for computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the head for non-sinus diagnoses over a 2-year period. The study was carried out in a tertiary pediatric referral center. Each patient underwent rhinoscopy and otoscopy just prior to imaging, and each patient's parent was asked to fill out a questionnaire regarding recent symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection; a blinded comparison was then made between respiratory signs and symptoms and images of the paranasal sinuses. Forty-seven percent of patients had abnormalities of their sinus images, and a significant (P < 0.05) correlation was found between the presence of absence of respiratory signs and symptoms and the presence or absence of abnormalities of sinus images, especially in younger patients. In conclusion, a large percentage of pediatric patients undergoing imaging procedures of the head for non-sinus diagnoses have sinus image abnormalities. In the population studied these imaging abnormalities appear to reflect ongoing or resolving upper respiratory tract viral or allergic inflammation.
Time-domain spectroscopy of molecular free-induction decay in the infrared.

Time-domain spectroscopy using dual, coherent frequency combs is used to measure free-induction decay from a molecular gas sample in the near-IR with a time-domain signal-to-noise ratio of ∼106 over a ∼6 ns window at 55 fs time resolution (corresponding to the 9 THz source bandwidth) and a frequency/timing accuracy set by the frequency combs. The free-induction decay exhibits the expected periodic pulses from the rephasing of the multiply excited rovibrational levels. This demonstration represents the first high-resolution, high-accuracy, broadband measurement of optical free-induction decay, to our knowledge.
Kinetic energy release in the fragmentation of methane and ketene ions

Abstract A threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence mass spectrometric technique has been developed to measure the kinetic energy of ions formed by photoionization. The kinetic energy released upon fragmentation of a molecular ion can be measured. The coincidence technique allows the measurement to be made as a function of parent ion internal energy. Results are presented for CH3+ and CH2+ from methane, CD3+ and CD2+ from methane-d4 and CH2+ from ketene. The results show a near zero (
Ecological studies of Chloroflexis , a gliding photosynthetic bacterium

Chloroflexis, a gliding, filamentous, photosynthetic bacterium, is present in the stratified algal-bacterial mats which occur in the 50°–70°C temperature range of alkaline hot spring effluents. The organism is in association with the alga in the upper, algal layer, and also forms thick, orange mats beneath the algal layer. Natural populations of Chloroflexis from these mats demonstrated light-stimulated uptake of some 14C-labelled organic compounds. Photosynthetic 14CO2 fixation by natural samples of Chloroflexis was investigated with respect to temperature, light intensity and mat depth. Bacterial photosynthesis was determined in samples in which algae were present by use of the inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU). Bacterial photosynthesis was maximal at depths down to about 3 mm and then decreased rapidly to very low levels at greater depths. The greatest amounts of bacteriochlorophyll pigments were also concentrated in the top 3–4 mm of the mat. The optimum light intensity for bacterial photosynthesis (about 400 ft-c) was considerably lower than the normal summer light intensity at the surface of the mat (5000-8000 ft-c). The temperature optima for photosynthesis by the bacterial component of natural mat samples from several sites of different temperatures in a hot spring thermal gradient were determined. Temperature optima approximated the environmental temperatures, indicative of the occurrence of strains of Chloroflexis adapted to different temperatures. Although bacterial standing crop was greatest in the temperature range 50°–55°C, maximum photosynthetic efficiency was observed at about 45°C. Sulfide was stimulatory to photosynthetic 14CO2 fixation by naturally occurring populations of Chloroflexis under field conditions. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that Chloroflexis may utilize sulfide as an electron donor for photosynthetic CO2 reduction. However, it is also likely that Chloroflexis grows photoheterotrophically in these mats, obtaining organic compounds from algal excretory products.
Pattern of ischemia reperfusion injury in a mouse orthotopic liver transplant model

Abstract Background The molecular pathways of ischemic injury after liver transplantation are complex and difficult to dissect because of the presence of many variables. Transgenic and genetically deficient strains of mice provide ideal models for the study of the contribution of a single gene product in biological processes in vivo. Although well described in rats, prolonged preservation has not been studied in a mouse model of orthotopic liver transplantation (mOLT). The aim of this study was to establish a model of cold ischemia and reperfusion injury in mOLT and describe the pattern of the regenerative response to various lengths of cold storage. Materials and methods mOLT was performed using a syngeneic combination. Grafts were preserved at 4°C in University of Wisconsin (Viaspan) solution for increasing periods of cold preservation. After cold storage, the liver grafts were transplanted and recipient survival was monitored. Hepatocellular injury was determined by histology, and the regenerative response was quantitated by interleukin 6 upregulation and DNA replication. Results Long-term survival was 100%, 100%, 88%, and 0% for cold preservation of 1, 4, 8, and 16 h, respectively. Grafts with short preservation times (1 and 4 h) demonstrated limited injury and a weak regenerative response, with slight IL-6 early upregulation and minimal cell division. Eight hours of cold ischemia resulted in prominent injury and an intense regenerative response accompanied by significant IL-6 upregulation and DNA synthesis. Sixteen hours of storage resulted in all recipients succumbing to liver failure, with histology showing extensive hepatic necrosis. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of using the mOLT model for the study of molecular mechanisms associated with recovery from cold ischemia and reperfusion injury. Increasing lengths of cold ischemia correlate with progressive tissue damage whereas recovery is associated with a regenerative response that correlates with the severity of injury.
Contributing Factors in the Therapeutic Alliance

The therapeutic alliance is critical in couple therapy. Recent research has explored what factors might contribute to its creation. This study looks at two such factors: client stage of change and symptom distress, and how the relationship between symptom distress and the alliance might be mediated by client stage of change. The sample for this study was composed of 181 couples attending therapy for relationship problems. Participants completed questionnaires at intake and following the fourth session. Significant relationships were found for males between the precontemplation stage and the alliance, and symptom distress. Females entered therapy at higher stages of change than males, although no variables were found to be associated with the therapeutic alliance for females. No mediation occurred for males or females. Implications for couple therapists are discussed.