cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Autonomous Systems: A Layered Architecture in the Age of Multicore Processing

Research in intelligent autonomous systems has historically been constrained by access to scalable high-performance computing. The challenges associated with scalability and tractability have significantly influenced analytical approaches and may have led to analysis in the lower dimensional spaces. Such reductions may overly simplify approaches to model and exploit redundancy in manners that human perception is able to in a bidirectional inferencing process. Evidence indicates that human perception involves different methods of classifying, indexing and associating information according to different spatio-temporal and saliency metrics. Recent surge in high performance computing with multicore processors and wide spread access to large disk-space at finer granularity, have triggered a renewed assessment of existing approaches. A survey of the techniques lead to a compelling need for efficient methods for capturing and exploiting “context” and “context-specific information” to swiftly change the behaviors of intelligent systems. The talk will highlight the evolution of signal processing, linguistic hierarchy, computing models where information fusion is considered, and draw some parallels, to make a case for a layered architecture for context-adaptive autonomous systems. Interactive access to petascale supercomputing has given a newer framework to incorporate context in such studies at scale that is required to perform complex intelligence tasks. The talk will highlight our current research in this direction including our vision of the future of intelligent autonomous systems with embedded high-performance computing with reach back compute power.
Gender Roles, Work-Life Balance, and Running for Office

Political scientists have studied why so few women run for office in the United States, but explanations concerning the challenge of balancing work and life have received little empirical support. I present two forms of data to show how expectations about work-life balance affect the supply of potential women politicians. The common thread in these analyses is that time spent traveling to and from work is particularly burdensome for those who spend time caring for children. Because women do a majority of the child care and housework, commuting is particularly burdensome to women. Analyzing a novel data set, I find that women are less likely to run for state legislative office in districts further from state capitals. I validate these results with an original survey experiment run on undergraduates in the midst of choosing their own careers. I find that female students weigh proximity to home twice as heavily as male students do in a hypothetical decision of whether to run for higher office. These results suggest that equal representation of women in government would require men and women to share household responsibilities more equally.
Epoxide hydrolases regulate epoxyeicosatrienoic acid incorporation into coronary endothelial phospholipids.

CytochromeP-450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are avidly incorporated into and released from endothelial phospholipids, a process that results in potentiation of endothelium-dependent re...
Study on the Genus Hebecnema(Diptera:Muscidae) with Description of A New Species from Sichuan,China

The genus Hebecnema Schnabl,1889 belongs to Mydaeini,Mydaeinae of Muscidae.About 23 species are known in the world,10 species(including a new species) have been found in China.Among them,5 species are distributed in Sichuan Province,of which 4 species are endemic.In this paper,a key to 5 known species of Hebecnema in Sichuan is given,and one new species,Hebecnema coronata Feng et Wang,sp.nov.,is described and illustrated.The type specimen is deposited in the Entomological Museum,Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China.Hebecnema coronata Feng et Wang,sp.nov.(Figs.1 ～ 3) Male:Body length 5.0 mm,wings 5.0 mm,dark black.This new species is similar to Hebecnema invisifacies Feng,2009,but differs from the latter in that the eyes are sparsely covered with microchaeta,but the latter one is densely covered with cilia;arista short plumose,the longest hair on the arista is about 0.13 times the width of 3rd antennal segment,but the latter is long plumose,the longest hair is as long as the width of 3rd one;1st sternite hairy,but the latter one bare;lateral lobi of the 5th sternite outward extends respectively,but the latter one contracts inward;surstyli longer than the cerci in the lateral view,but the latter is shorter than one distinctly.Female:Unknown.Holotype:♂,Mingshan(Cheling,30°04' N,103°14' E,alt.560 m),Sichuan prov.,27 June 1984,coll.by FENG Yan.Etymology:The specific name was derived from Latin words"coron"and"ata",referring to the lobi of 5th sternite outward extend as corolliform.
Effects of Heat Treatments on High-temperature Mechanical Properties of Modified Cast Al-Si Alloy

Effects of heat treatment on high-temperature mechanical properties of modified cast Al-Si alloy were investigated.Heat treatment process for modified cast Al-Si alloy is(495±3) ℃× 5 h solution treatment,(165±3) ℃× 6 h aging treatment.The results of the study show that,after heat treatment,improved material organization becomes fine,and the matrix structures are spheroidize.Precipitation phase Al2Cu,Al6Cu3N,AlxCuCe which improve the alloy high-temperature properties are small and disperse.
An Empirical Investigation of Online Gray Markets

Abstract A gray market is an unauthorized distribution channel of genuine branded products. Worldwide gray markets compete with authorized distribution channels of branded products and pose significant challenges to brand owners on the management of global supply chains. Therefore, it is important for brand owners to understand sellers’ and buyers’ behavior in gray markets in order to better address this threat. In recent years, online gray markets, a rapidly growing form of gray marketing, have seen significant growth and provide us an unprecedented opportunity to empirically investigate this phenomenon. In this study, we tracked the number of online gray market sellers and transactions on the largest Internet retail website in China for a 34-week period. We focus on two channel control strategies that brand owners can proactively adopt to manage online gray market incidents: controlling product availability and pricing. The results show that less expensive styles are offered by a larger number of gray market sellers and have more transactions. While product availability is positively associated with the number of online gray market sellers, its impact on online gray market transaction quantities is insignificant. This study provides important implications on managing global supply chains that are relevant for researchers and practitioners alike.
Effect of Method of Cell Isolation on the Metabolic Activity of Isolated Rat Liver Cells

Rat liver cells isolated with a tissue press, by tetraphenylboron (TPB) chelation, or by hyaluronidase and collagenase digestion were compared as to morphology, cell yield, and biosynthetic activity. The cells were intact by light microscopy; ultrastructural changes were present on electron-microscopic examination of all cell types except those prepared by a modified enzyme incubation method. TPB chelation gave the largest and enzyme techniques the smallest yield of cells. All cell types incorporated labelled amino acids into cellular protein; however, amino acid incorporation was greatest in cells isolated by the revised enzyme technique. Only enzyme and mechanical cells incorporated acetate into cellular lipid. Cofactor supplementation was not required in the modified enzyme cells. Acetate incorporation was more sensitive to preincubation than was amino acid incorporation. Calcium, which was required to prevent aggregation of enzyme cells, inhibited amino acid incorporation moderately and acetate incorporation completely in mechanical cells.
Selective turnover of sarcolemmal phospholipids with lethal cardiac myocyte injury

To delineate the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the transition from reversible to irreversible ischemic injury, we used quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography. Specific alterations of phospholipid catabolism in individual subcellular organelles of cardiac myocytes associated with simulated ischemic injury were identified. Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were incubated with 5 nM [3H]arachidonic acid to label loci of phospholipid turnover and were exposed to 30 microM iodoacetate to produce reversible and irreversible injury. Although only minute amounts of arachidonic acid were incorporated into sarcolemmal phospholipids under control conditions, 20- and 96-fold increases were observed under conditions leading to reversible and irreversible cell injury, respectively. Increases of 5- and 28-fold in the specific radioactivity of sarcolemmal phospholipids in reversibly and irreversibly injured cells occurred in the absence of significant alterations in the specific radioactivity of other subcellular compartments, demonstrating that accelerated phospholipid catabolism was confined essentially to the sarcolemma. Selective catabolism of sarcolemmal phospholipids, known to be highly enriched in arachidonic acid, is likely to augment local accumulation of arachidonic acid, identified recently as a second messenger regulating myocardial K+ channels. Because the biochemical integrity of the sarcolemma is critical to both electrophysiological function and viability of myocytes, the observed selective alterations of sarcolemmal phospholipid metabolism appear to be pivotal determinants of lethal myocardial injury.
Cytopathologic features of NUT midline carcinoma: A series of 26 specimens from 13 patients.

BACKGROUND NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is an increasingly recognized neoplasm defined by rearrangements of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene (also known as NUTM1). NMC is important to diagnose for prognostic and diagnostic reasons, but to date, only a small case series and rare case reports of the cytopathologic features of NMC have been published. METHODS All NMC specimens (confirmed by molecular testing and/or NUT immunoreactivity) with cytopathologic material available were identified at 2 academic centers. All smears were reviewed, and the cytologic characteristics were described. RESULTS Twenty-six cytopathologic specimens of NMC were identified from 13 patients: 8 men and 5 women ranging in age from 16 to 68 years (mean, 35 years). The NMCs arose in the mediastinum (n = 4), sinonasal tract (n = 4), neck (n = 2), lung (n = 1), lung and mediastinum (n = 1), and kidney (n = 1). Cytologic specimens included serous cavity effusions (n = 13), fine-needle aspirates (n = 9), bronchial brushings (n = 2), bronchial lavage (n = 1), and bronchial washings (n = 1). Ancillary studies were performed on cell blocks for only 6 samples from 4 patients: immunohistochemistry (n = 6) and flow cytometry (n = 1). All 13 NMCs had corresponding surgical pathology material. The NUT rearrangement status was known in 10 cases, and in 3 cases, the diagnosis was established by immunoreactivity for NUT. On cytologic smears, the NMCs were mostly hypercellular with monotonous, small to midsize, primitive-appearing cells largely distributed singly in a discohesive pattern. The tumor cells had round to oval nuclei that appeared mostly naked and devoid of cytoplasm. The nuclei varied in chromatin density from mostly pale, open chromatin to a hyperchromatic, neuroendocrine-type appearance, often with focal cell-to-cell molding, and most examples had a distinct, small nucleolus. CONCLUSIONS NMC is a recently recognized tumor that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors, especially but not exclusively in the mediastinum and the head and neck. The cytologic features of NMC overlap considerably with those of other neoplasms, and a definitive diagnosis depends on a demonstration of NUT translocation by either immunohistochemical or molecular means. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:901–908. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Measurement, Causation and Local Independence in Latent Variable Models

Latent variable models are used extensively in the social and behavioral sciences for a variety of purposes, including measurement, description, and explanation. The latent variables may be continuous or discrete and the indicators of these may be continuous and/or discrete as well. Crossing the levels of measurement of the indicators with the assumptions on the level of measurement and distribution of the latent variables yields a variety of distinct latent variable models. A theme that unifies these different models is the assumption (or axiom) of conditional independence, which states that the indicators are independent, given the latent variable(s). The use of this axiom has been justified on various grounds, ranging from convenience to considerations of causality. This paper examines several of these justifications. First, the use of this axiom in the context of measurement and prediction is examined. Examples where the use of the axiom is scientifically plausible and implausible are considered, and the implications of the use of this assumption in both situations is discussed. I also show that the usual practice of viewing factor loadings as scaling factors that translate between units of measurement is incorrect. Second, the principle of the common cause is sometimes given as a justification for the use of the conditional independence assumption. The argument here is that the latent variables are the causes of the observed variables (indicators), and these indicators are not causes of one another. Hence (according to the argument), the association between the indicators is supposed to vanish when conditioning on the values of the latent variables. I show that this principle is not sound, and therefore cannot be used to justify the axiom of conditional independence. I also show that a modified version of this principle can be used to justify the conditional independence assumption in some instances.
Accessibility and Special Collections Libraries: Using Technology to Close the Digital Divide

Column description. The Future Voices in Public Services column is a forum for students in graduate library and information science programs to discuss key issues they see in academic library public services, to envision what they feel librarians in public service have to offer to academia, to tell us of their visions for the profession, or to tell us of research that is going on in library schools. We hope to provide fresh perspectives from those entering our field, in both the United States and other countries.
Mental and physical health correlates among family caregivers of patients with newly-diagnosed incurable cancer: a hierarchical linear regression analysis.

Caregiver, relational, and patient factors have been associated with the health of family members and friends providing care to patients with early-stage cancer. Little research has examined whether findings extend to family caregivers of patients with incurable cancer, who experience unique and substantial caregiving burdens. We examined correlates of mental and physical health among caregivers of patients with newly-diagnosed incurable lung or non-colorectal gastrointestinal cancer. At baseline for a trial of early palliative care, caregivers of participating patients (N = 275) reported their mental and physical health (Medical Outcome Survey-Short Form-36); patients reported their quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General). Analyses used hierarchical linear regression with two-tailed significance tests. Caregivers’ mental health was worse than the U.S. national population (M = 44.31, p < .001), yet their physical health was better (M = 56.20, p < .001). Hierarchical regression analyses testing caregiver, relational, and patient factors simultaneously revealed that younger (B = 0.31, p = .001), spousal caregivers (B = −8.70, p = .003), who cared for patients reporting low emotional well-being (B = 0.51, p = .01) reported worse mental health; older (B = −0.17, p = .01) caregivers with low educational attainment (B = 4.36, p < .001) who cared for patients reporting low social well-being (B = 0.35, p = .05) reported worse physical health. In this large sample of family caregivers of patients with incurable cancer, caregiver demographics, relational factors, and patient-specific factors were all related to caregiver mental health, while caregiver demographics were primarily associated with caregiver physical health. These findings help identify characteristics of family caregivers at highest risk of poor mental and physical health who may benefit from greater supportive care.
Terminal Molybdenum Phosphides with d Electrons: Radical Character Promotes Coupling Chemistry

A terminal Mo phosphide was prepared via group transfer of both P- and Cl-atoms from chloro-substituted dibenzo-7λ^3-phosphanorbornadiene. This compound represents the first structurally characterized terminal transition metal phosphide with valence d electrons. In the tetragonal ligand field, these electrons populate an orbital of d_(xy) parentage, an electronic configuration that accommodates both metal d-electrons and a formal M≡P triple bond. Single electron oxidation affords a transient open shell terminal phosphide cation with significant spin density on P, as corroborated by CW and pulsed EPR characterization. Facile P-P bond formation occurs from this species via intermolecular phosphide coupling.
Associations Between Neural Reward Processing and Binge Eating Among Adolescent Girls

Abstract Purpose Neuroimaging studies suggest that altered brain responses to food-related cues in reward-sensitive regions characterize individuals who experience binge-eating episodes. However, the absence of longitudinal data limits the understanding of whether reward-system alterations increase vulnerability to binge eating, as theorized in models of the development of this behavior. Methods Adolescent girls (N = 122) completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging monetary reward task at age 16 years as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Self-report of binge eating was assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test at ages 16 and 18 years. Regression analyses examined concurrent and longitudinal associations between the blood–oxygenation-level-dependent response to anticipating and winning monetary rewards and the severity of binge eating while controlling for age 16 depressive symptoms and socioeconomic status. Results Greater ventromedial prefrontal cortex and caudate responses to winning money were correlated with greater severity of binge eating concurrently but not prospectively. Conclusions This study is the first to examine longitudinal associations between reward responding and binge eating in community-based, mostly low–socioeconomic status adolescent girls. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex response to reward outcome—possibly reflecting an enhanced subjective reward value—appears to be a state marker of binge-eating severity rather than a predictor of future severity.
Resting high-frequency heart rate variability moderates the association between early-life adversity and body adiposity.

This study investigates resting high-frequency heart rate variability as a moderator of the association between early-life adversity and two measures of body adiposity. Data were collected from 149 young adults attending a large university in the Midwestern United States (Mage = 18.8 years; 45% black; 55% white; 56% female). Self-reported early-life adversity was associated with greater waist-to-height ratio and body mass index. The strength of these associations was moderated by high-frequency heart rate variability, such that the link was stronger for individuals with lower heart rate variability. Resting high-frequency heart rate variability thus has potential health significance as a biomarker of stress vulnerability.
Cancer chemoprevention with natural agents: Where we are now?

Chemoprevention is defined as a means of cancer control in which the occurrence of clinical cancer can be prevented, slowed or reversed by the administration of one or more synthetic or naturally occurring biologic compounds [1-5]. In contrast to cancer treatment, the goal of chemoprevention is to reduce the incidence of clinical cancer. Preventing the onset of clinical cancer is desirable because therapy for established cancer is not uniformly effective. Chemoprevention also implies the prevention of precancerous lesions, which are called pre-invasive neoplasia, dysplasia, or intraepithelial neoplasia, depending on the organ system [5, 6]. The process of carcinogenesis involves the accumulation of multiple sequential genetic alterations and mutations that transforms a normal cell to a malignant cell capable of stromal invasion and ultimately metastasis. Carcinogenesis is traditionally separated into three phases: initiation, promotion and progression [6]. The initiation stage is relatively rapid and involves carcinogen binding and damage to DNA. The promotion phase is reversible, as tumor promoters act as mitogens to induce clones of initiated cells to expand. The promotion phase is a consequence of the functional loss of regulatory proteins and cellular checkpoints important for cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Progression is a stage in which phenotypically and genotypically altered cells develop irreversible macroscopic and microscopic changes. Because initiation and progression are irreversible, the promotion phase of carcinogenesis may be the best target for chemoprevention.
Multi-player online simulated driving game to improve hazard perception

Abstract Young and inexperienced drivers are disproportionately involved in all car crashes. Although programs such as graduated driver licensing have reduced the fatality rates, they still remain unacceptably high for novice drivers as compared to older and experienced drivers. One of the most critical skills related to accident avoidance is the detection, recognition and reaction to traffic hazards, called hazard perception. There have been numerous attempts to improve novice drivers’ hazard perception skills through computer-based simulation programs. However, none of them had multi-user capability incorporating video commentaries by experts adapted to drivers’ mistakes except for a game-based, multi-user, online, simulated training (GMOST) program (Arslanyilmaz, Stillman, and Costello, 2014) developed to examine the effect of GMOST on hazard perception skills. In this pilot study, sample size was too small and duration of the experiment was too short for a significant result (Arslanyilmaz et al., 2014). In addition, the effects of video commentaries were not investigated. The first objective of this study is to showcase an improved version of GMOST. The second objective is to measure the effectiveness GMOST has on young drivers’ hazard perception skills, specifically on their ability to detect and respond to hazards as well as scanning the roads for potential hazards. The third objective is to examine the effects of video commentaries on hazard perception skills. The fourth objective is to explore and identify hazard types that are more affected by video commentaries, leading to better hazard perception skills.
A Library for Libraries: Is the Joint Library Facility becoming an Interlibrary Loan Hub for Libraries?

What happens when libraries begin to use ILL to request items that they already own in their home collection? The goal of this multiyear study involving 9565 ILL requests to the Joint Library Facil...
Diurnal variation and age differences in the biochemical markers of bone turnover in horses.

Biochemical markers of bone turnover provide sensitive, rapid, and noninvasive monitoring of bone resorption and formation. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC reflect rates of bone formation, and urinary concentrations of the pyridinium crosslinks pyridinoline (Pyd) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) are specific and sensitive markers of bone resorption. These markers are age-dependent and are used to detect and monitor changes in the rates of bone turnover in a variety of orthopedic diseases in humans and may prove to have similar application in horses. This study examined age differences and diurnal variation in OC, Pyd, and Dpd in eight adult geldings and seven weanling colts. Blood and urine were collected at regular intervals over 24 h. Serum OC and cortisol, and urinary Pyd and Dpd were analyzed. Mean 24-h concentrations of cortisol and all three markers were higher (P .17) owing to greater variability between individuals. Cortisol secretion varied (P < .001) over 24 h in both adults and weanlings and, thus, did not seem to be responsible for greater variability in markers of bone turnover between weanlings. These data demonstrate that diurnal rhythms exist for serum OC and urinary Pyd and Dpd in adult horses, as reported in humans, and that sample timing is an important consideration in future equine studies using these markers.
Dynamic Radiography Imaging as a Tool in the Design and Validation of a Novel Intelligent Amputee Socket

It is apparent that socket fit is the most common source of dissatisfaction in amputees and part of a growing medical and socioeconomic problem. Even the most up to date trans-tibial socket designs are not capable of coping with the issue of continuous stump volume change that is apparent within a day, week, month or season of socket use. Intelligent sockets integrating variable volume (VVSS) with elevated vacuum (EV) systems hold that promise but have yet to reach completion in feasibility studies. This is mainly due to delays in the relevant technological maturity, cost and poor assessment methodologies. These challenges can be overcome by current advantages in dynamic radiography imaging. These advantages are presented with an example of a novel socket design as: a) solutions to problems of direct socket-stump motion measurement, and b) as tools for calibrating socket control hardware and computer aided socket design. Imaging can therefore be integrated as part of an expert clinical system for imaging-driven computer-aided socket design and evaluation (cost-labor effective).
A New Classification Based on Angiographic Arterial Supply to Neoplasms

The extensive vascularity of extra and intracranial neoplasms is vulnerable to superselective intraarterial injection of embolic particles.1 The goal is to inject embolic material such as polyvinyl alcohol particles, gelfoam powder, fibrin glue, microfibrillar collagen, or gelatin microspheres until the vascular blush is completely obliterated. The angiographic supply pattern determines the likelihood of success of selective microcatheter placement and injection of embolic material with maximal penetration and minimal reflux into normal vasculature. A classification scheme is proposed that assigns a score from 1 to 3 (see Table 1) on the basis of angiographic appearance of the vasculature. Increasing grade suggests a higher level of complexity for embolization procedure. Table 1: Proposed classification scheme for classifying the predominant pattern of arterial blood supply. The classification is based on three factors: 1. End versus side origin; 2. Tree versus plant configuration; and 3. Possibility of ischemic complications with reflux into proximal vasculature. The tree configuration is defined by presence of an angiographically identifiable trunk (see Figure 1). The grade is assigned based on the predominant pattern of vasculature. Figure 1: Schematic representation of proposed classification scheme for classifying the predominant pattern of arterial blood Indirect comparisons between results of surgical removal of meningiomas with and without preoperative embolization suggest that embolization reduces the intraoperative blood loss particularly in large tumors when a high degree of obliteration can be achieved.2,3,4 Further studies to determine the inter-observer agreement for assigning grades to vascular supply patterns for neoplasms and prognostic value of assigned grades are required.
Stress Shielding of Bone

Instead of doing something dramatic (such as skiing) to break a bone, Fred Ferd tripped over the curb on the way to his car after work and fractured the midshaft of his radius and ulna. His fractures were treated the following day by open reduction and plating of both bones in the Swiss manner. His convalescence was uneventful, and his fractures healed in about 10 weeks, but subsequent X rays showed some resorption of the bone under the plates, and his surgeon began to suggest that the bone might not be as strong as he had hoped. What could cause bone under a rigid plate to suddenly begin to be absorbed?
Incremental Speech Understanding in a Multi-Party Virtual Human Dialogue System

This demonstration highlights some emerging capabilities for incremental speech understanding and processing in virtual human dialogue systems. This work is part of an ongoing effort that aims to enable realistic spoken dialogue with virtual humans in multi-party negotiation scenarios (Pluss et al., 2011; Traum et al., 2008b). These scenarios are designed to allow trainees to practice their negotiation skills by engaging in face-to-face spoken negotiation with one or more virtual humans.
Hypoxia/Ischemia Signaling

Hypoxia and ischemia are associated with a number of cellular effects, including cell death following prolonged exposure. However, nonlethal exposure of cells to hypoxia and/or ischemia is associated with the activation of a number of signaling pathways designed to compensate for low O2 and/or restore O2 homeostasis. Importantly, many of these pathways are similar to those that are activated or inhibited by cellular exposure to xenobiotics. Similar to xenobiotics, disruption of redox and calcium homeostasis is a feature of hypoxia and ischemia. Activation of a battery of genes, predominantly via hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), is also a conserved feature, analogous to the stress response of cells following chemical injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a feature common to both hypoxia/ischemia and xenobiotic challenge, as is inflammation. This chapter will focus on several important pathways of ischemia/hypoxia signaling, specifically with regard to features analogous to this pathway and chemically induced toxicity.
The “Recruitment Problem” for Marine Fish Populations with Emphasis on Georges Bank

The factors that determine recruitment of marine fish populations have been the focus of research for nearly a century. Much research on Georges Bank and around the world has been guided by hypotheses that relate the size of a year class to (a) the availability of prey during the larval period and (b) the physical transport of eggs and larvae to unfavorable locations. On Georges Bank water column stability enhances feeding conditions for cod and haddock larvae by concentrating their prey at the thermocline. Consequently, larval growth is higher over the stratified portion of the Bank than in the central, well mixed region. Although starvation mortality does not appear to be population limiting over the range of prey densities observed in the thermocline, storm events can disrupt stratification and potentially cause starvation. Eggs and larvae may also be advected off the Bank during storms or as a result of warm core rings. Additionally, abnormally low temperature may threaten survival of haddock eggs and larvae in some years. Pre recruit fish suffer about the same cumulative mortality during the post-larval stage as they do as eggs and larvae. Predation is the most likely cause of post larval mortality and it has the potential to affect recruitment and species composition of fish populations. A more comprehensive investigation of recruitment processes from the gonad development stage of adults to recruitment will be necessary.
Maoris and Muskets

The New Zealand Maoris live and work now in peace as citizens of a modern nation, but they are a people who, like some North American Indian groups and the Zulu of Africa, first became famous as warriors. A great deal has been written about Maori warfare. Particularly those aspects which seemed strange to European observers—cannibalism, the taking of heads, fighting in order to avenge verbal insults — have been richly and conspicuously documented, but copious materials on other aspects have also been made available to various observers and students of Maori life in the two centuries since Captain Cook and other Europeans first landed in New Zealand. In this chapter the materials are used to indicate that a multiphase war process operated adaptively in relation to population pressure in pre-European times and to show how it later became maladaptive and, in effect, a source of novel perturbations for the Maoris.
Inducible Resistance to Macrolide Antibiotics

The ribosome, one of the central cellular machines, is responsible for production of all the cellular polypeptides. The 70S ribosome is composed of two subunits, large (50S) and small (30S). Each subunit is built of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins (r-proteins). rRNA, which accounts for two thirds of the ribosome weight, is its main structural and functional component. The main function of the small ribosomal subunit is deciphering genetic information by selecting aminoacyl-tRNAs whose anticodon is complementary to the mRNA codon in the ribosome decoding center.
Linear Lichen Planus in the Setting of Annual Vaccination

Vaccines have a well-demonstrated therapeutic benefit. However, the spectrum of potential dermatologic vaccine side effects ranges from localized skin irritation to acute and delayed response. Currently, there are limited published data correlating dermatoses with alterations in the immune system following vaccination. The mechanism by which group A beta-hemolytic streptococci may precede the manifestation of guttate psoriasis is included as a mechanism foundation as we further describe the immunopathogenesis of immune-mediated linear dermatoses. We present a rare case of linear lichen planus following intramuscular influenza vaccination, not associated with an injection site reaction. Immune-related dermatoses may be underreported, and a vaccine history should be considered in all patients with a skin condition that is otherwise attributed as idiopathic.
"Am I OK?" using human centered design to empower rheumatoid arthritis patients through patient reported outcomes.

Abstract Objective Use of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in the routine care of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been shown to improve health outcomes, However, integration of PROs into the clinical visit is inconsistent. We aimed to develop a “dashboard” for RA patients to display relevant PRO measures for discussion during a routine RA clinical visit. Methods Patients (N = 45) and providers (N = 12) were recruited from rheumatology clinics at a university center and a safety net hospital. Using a human-centered design process involving patients, clinicians, designers, and health-IT experts, we performed interviews, clinic observations, and focus groups, which subsequently guided an iterative phase of prototype testing. Results RA patients and their providers shared the goals of assessing wellbeing and developing a personalized treatment plan. We found conflicting views of which data were most important for guiding decision-making and for answering the patient’s overarching question of “Am I OK?” Conclusion The final dashboard simplified the display of PRO data and correlated it longitudinally to the patient’s medication regimen. It also included laboratory values relevant for RA care. Practice implications By presenting data graphically, the dashboard may provide a platform for patients and providers to communicate around PROs and shared goals.
Associations Between Household Chores and Childhood Self-Competency.

OBJECTIVE The development of self-competence and self-efficacy is important to achieving academic, social, and career success. Examining whether performing chores in early elementary school contributes to later self-competence is needed. METHODS We analyzed data from 9971 children participating in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten 2011 cohort entering kindergarten in the United States in 2010 to 2011. During kindergarten, parents reported the frequency with which their child performed chores. In the third grade, children responded to a questionnaire regarding their perceived interest or competence in academics, peer relationships, prosocial behavior, and life satisfaction. Children also completed direct academic assessments for reading, math, and science. Data were analyzed using linear and logistical regressions, adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS The frequency of chores in kindergarten was positively associated with a child's perception of social, academic, and life satisfaction competencies in the third grade, independent of sex, family income, and parent education (all P < 0.001). Compared with children who regularly performed chores, children who rarely performed chores had greater odds of scoring in the bottom quintile on self-reported prosocial, academic ability, peer relationship, and life satisfaction scores (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 1.25, 1.24, and 1.27, respectively). Performing chores with any frequency in kindergarten was associated with improved math scores in the third grade (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this longitudinal cohort study, performing chores in early elementary school was associated with later development of self-competence, prosocial behavior, and self-efficacy.
Electrostatic interactions in the force-generating region of the human cardiac myosin modulate ADP dissociation from actomyosin

Human cardiac myosin has two isoforms, alpha and beta, sharing significant sequence similarity, but different in kinetics: ADP release from actomyosin is an order of magnitude faster in the alpha myosin isoform. Apparently, small differences in the sequence are responsible for distinct local inter-residue interactions within alpha and beta isoforms, leading to such a dramatic difference in the rate of ADP release. Our analysis of structural kinetics of alpha and beta isoforms using molecular dynamics simulations revealed distinct dynamics of SH1:SH2 helix within the force-generation region of myosin head. The simulations showed that the residue R694 of the helix forms two permanent salt bridges in the beta isoform, which are not present in the alpha isoform. We hypothesized that the isoform-specific electrostatic interactions play a role in the difference of kinetic properties of myosin isoforms. We prepared R694N mutant in the beta isoform background to destabilize electrostatic interactions in the force-generating region of the myosin head. Our experimental data confirm faster ADP release from R694N actomyosin mutant, but is not as dramatic as the difference of kinetics of ADP release in the alpha and beta isoforms.
Low-Dose Testosterone and Evoked Resistance Exercise after Spinal Cord Injury on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: An Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial.

Abstract The purpose of the work is to investigate the effects of low-dose testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and evoked resistance training (RT) on body composition and metabolic variables aft...
White kids: growing up with privilege in a racially divided America, Margaret A. Hagerman, Critical Perspectives on Youth

White Kids is a book with a difficult target to hit. It’s author, Margaret A. Hagerman, a sociologist at Mississippi State University seeks to understand how structures of racism and racial attitud...
Unleash the power of patients to make care safer around the world: an essay by Helen Haskell.

Involvement in medical care by patients and the public could move the global patient safety programme out of the doldrums, says Helen Haskell
Using Implementation Science to Further the Adoption and Implementation of Advance Care Planning in Rural Primary Care.

Purpose To analyze the literature on advance care planning (ACP) in primary care through the lens of implementation science, with a focus on implications for rural settings. Design Scoping review of the literature. Methods The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, PsycINFO, and the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection databases were searched for studies related to ACP adoption and implementation in primary care. The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to map the literature to 14 determinants that serve as barriers or facilitators to ACP. The Conceptual Model of Evidence-Based Practice Implementation in Public Service Sectors was used to analyze the stage of implementation for each of the included studies. Findings Four steps to ACP were specified: identification, conversation, documentation, and follow-up. Determinants were identified for each step, but studies largely focused on the conversation step. Professional role and identity, environmental context and resources, and emotion were the most frequently cited determinants in initiating conversations. The identification step was largely determined by behavioral regulation. For documenting ACP, environmental context and resource determinants were most prevalent. In the few studies that addressed follow-up, providers expressed a desire for electronic reminders as a behavioral regulator to follow-up. Conclusions While ACP has been shown to have patient, family, and societal benefits, its uptake in primary care has been minimal. Because ACP is a complex process that is highly context dependent, implementation science is critical to inform its successful adoption and implementation. Smaller healthcare networks, adaptable professional roles, trusted relationships, and tight-knit community might be important facilitators of ACP in rural primary care. Clinical relevance Findings from this study can be used to accelerate ACP implementation in rural primary care.
Bone and joint tuberculosis in children:A retrospective study of 77 cases

Objective To retrospectively review 77 cases of bone and joint tuberculosis (BJTB) in our department.Methods Seventy seven cases diagnosed with BJTB between December 1992 and April 2005 in Chongqing Children's hospital were reviewed retrospectively.The clinical features,his-topathological and radiological results,and outcomes of follow-up were analyzed.Results The 77 cases of BJTB consisted of 47 male and 30 female.Median age at diagnosis was 3.16 years (range,3-6 years).Forty-one (53.2%) patients had no history of tuberculosis contact.Twenty eight patients were diagnosed with vertebral TB and the other 49 were extravertebral BJTB.The common complaints were pains in the affected area and abnormal walking patterns.Among the 28 vertebral TB cases,the number of affected vertebral bodies ranged from 2 to 9,67.9% (19/28) patients had tuberculosis poisoning symptoms,and 6 cases suffered incomplete paraplegia.Of the 49 extravertebral BJTB cases,32 were affected in the hip joints,7 in the articular genu and synovium of knee joints,6 in the femurs,2 in the ankle joints,1 in the distal end of sinister-humerus and 1 in the dexter petrosal bone;45 were affected in single joint The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) elevated in 22 (73.3%) out of the 30 tests.TB serological tests were positive in 8 (40.0%) out of the 20 tests.Seventy seven cases have been followed up for 3 to 10 years.Of the 55 patients completed a standard course of antituberculosis (anti-TB) therapy,50 (90.9%) were cured and the other 5 had lower limb dysfunctioa Ten patients who failed to complete a standard anti-TB therapy were disabled for joint deformation and paraplegia.Twelve patients were lost to follow up.Conclusions Hip is the most common BJTB site followed by vertebral body.Early diagnosis and an early standard combined anti-TB therapy are the key points to improve the prognosis and reduce the disabilities of the children with BJTE. Key words: Tuberculosis,osteoarticular; Diagnosis; Child
An Empirical Analysis of the Causes of Cost and Schedule Growth for Small Healthcare and Educational Construction Projects

Small building construction projects are common in the public institutional sector, resulting in cumulative portfolios that are quite sizable for institutions to oversee. Despite their collective v...
Political ecology 1: From margins to center:

Some epistemologies remain marginalized in political ecology. Here I demonstrate why it is important to learn from various relational margins to further advance the field. Insights and critiques fr...
Sequential Detection and Isolation of a Correlated Pair

The problem of detecting and isolating a correlated pair among multiple Gaussian information sources is considered. It is assumed that there is at most one pair of correlated sources and that observations from all sources are acquired sequentially. The goal is to stop sampling as quickly as possible, declare upon stopping whether there is a correlated pair or not, and if yes, to identify it. Specifically, it is required to control explicitly the probabilities of three kinds of error: false alarm, missed detection, wrong identification. We propose a procedure that not only controls these error metrics, but also achieves the smallest possible average sample size, to a first-order approximation, as the target error rates go to 0. Finally, a simulation study is presented in which the proposed rule is compared with an alternative sequential testing procedure that controls the same error metrics.
Hyaluronan and Its Receptors as Regulatory Molecules of the Endothelial Interface

On the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) lies the glycocalyx, a barrier of polysaccharides that isolates the ECs from the blood. The role of the glycocalyx is dynamic and complex, thanks to not only its structure, but its vast number of components, one being hyaluronan (HA). HA is a critical component of the glycocalyx, having been found to have a wide variety of functions depending on its molecular weight, its modification, and receptor-ligand interactions. As HA and viscous blood are in constant contact, HA can transmit mechanosensory information directly to the cytoskeleton of the ECs. The degradation and synthesis of HA directly alters the permeability of the EC barrier; HA modulation not only alters the physical barrier but also can signal the initiation of other pathways. EC proliferation and angiogenesis are in part regulated by HA fragmentation, HA-dependent receptor binding, and downstream signals. The interaction between the CD44 receptor and HA is a driving force behind leukocyte recruitment, but each class of leukocyte still interacts with HA in unique ways during inflammation. HA regulates a diverse repertoire of EC functions.
Online video channel management: An integrative decision support system framework

Abstract In the current fragmented media landscape, online video is becoming an important outlet for content dissemination. Online video channels provide content creators a way of organizing content and building an online following through subscriptions and social sharing. This paper describes a decision support systems (DSS) based framework for online video channel management and content creation. The relevant DSS literature was reviewed along with both modeling and behavioral aspects of online videos and video channels. An empirical case study was run on a dataset consisting of views, shares, and subscriptions from over 1000 videos from nine YouTube channels. This paper contributes to DSS theory by proposing a flexible framework for incorporating both behavioral and empirical work into an integrative process for online video content creation. This framework builds on existing data-driven DSS theory, but includes specific entities and processes for online content creation.
The neighborhood context of school openings: Charter school expansion and socioeconomic ascent in the United States

In this study, we examine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic ascent from 1990 to 2010 and charter school openings from 2010 to 2016 using a national sample of school attendance boun...