cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time personalized cardiac arrhythmia detection and diagnosis: A cloud computing architecture

Cardiac arrhythmia is one of the most popular heart diseases that could lead to serious consequences. However, it is difficult for traditional electrocardiography (ECG) devices to capture arrhythmia symptoms during patients' hospital visits due to their intermittent occurrence nature. A few researchers recently propose continuous monitoring systems to address this problem. However, there are some practical issues which may hamper the system from being widely used, such as low efficiency, offline data acquisition and processing, and high energy consumption. To account for these challenges, in this paper, we develop a new cloud computing based architecture for realtime personalized cardiac arrhythmia detection and diagnosis. In order to reduce energy consumption on patients' mobile devices and enable realtime data processing, we outsource the computationally complex tasks to the cloud while having the lightweight tasks processed locally. The proposed online learning algorithms facilitate a personalized system. Moreover, we adopt clinical criteria for arrhythmia classification, which better prepares our system for practical use than previous systems. Simulations with data from the MIT-BIH database validate the efficiency and efficacy of our system.
Potential for integration of chemical and natural enemy suppression of azalea lace bug (Heteroptera: Tingidae)

Abstract Efficacies of nine insecticides were compared for suppression of azalea lace bug (ALB) and effect on natural enemies. Examination of leaf samples collected weekly revealed reduced ALB popu...
Built-In Test of Phased Arrays Using Code-Modulated Interferometry

This paper presents a built-in self-test technique for phased arrays that applies code modulation to each element within the array to allow parallel in situ measurements and a built-in distribution network to allow injection or extraction of test signals. The aggregated test response is downconverted from radio-frequency or millimeter-wave frequencies using a direct (power) detector, resulting in a baseband interference signal composed of code-modulated complex cross correlations between all elemental signals. Using orthogonal code products, each cross correlation can be extracted from the interference signal, and then the full set of cross correlations can be used to obtain amplitude and phase data of each element. A four-element 60-GHz phased-array receiver front end that includes this code-modulated embedded test (CoMET) infrastructure has been fabricated in SiGe BiCMOS technology. The BIST overhead is less than 2% of the total die area. Comparisons between our built-in test technique and measurements using a vector network analyzer show that CoMET can be used to extract amplitude with 1 dB accuracy and phase with four degree accuracy. Furthermore, measurements confirm that CoMET can be used to extract the phase-step response of each element in parallel across all settings as well as phase offset introduced by the built-in test network.
Shakespeare and Commedia Dell’arte: Play by Play

Throughout Shakespeare’s canon, characters abound who seem to be direct descendants of the Italian stock characters developed by commedia dell’arte troupes of the sixteenth century: Shylock is the ...
Cell Membrane, Prokaryotic

Prokaryotic life forms provide far greater diversity at the molecular level than that found in eukaryotes. This fact is reflected by the structures and compositions of their membranes. In addition to cytoplasmic membranes, shared by all living cells, many prokaryotes possess protective outer membranes that have compositions very different from those of their inner membranes as well as from those of the outer membranes of other organismal types. This chapter describes these membranes. The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria differ drastically from those of high G+C Gram-positive bacteria and archaea with respect to both their lipid and their protein constituents. This observation leads to the suggestion that outer membranes of these three organismal types evolved independently of each other with almost no exchange of genetic material encoding the outer membrane constituents. Their biosynthetic enzymes as well as the outer membrane transport/assembly apparati similarly appear to have evolved independently.
The Diagnostic Approach to Truncus Arteriosus: Medical Aspects

Truncus arteriosus, a rare congenital anomaly, usually presents in severe congestive heart failure in the first few weeks of life. If untreated, mortality in the first year is 78% from congestive heart failure, intercurrent infections, or pulmonary vascular disease. The defect represents partial or total absence of the aorticopulmonary septum, that is, complete absence of fusion of the truncal swellings and the conal ridges that normally join to form the arterial valves and the distal infundibulum. The accepted classifications are those of Collett and Edwards (1949) and Van Praagh and Van Praagh (1965). The clinical picture and natural history of truncus arterious in infants and children are largely determined by the size of the pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary vascular resistance, any narrowing of the pulmonary arteries, or the degree of truncal valve regurgitation. Electrocardiograms and chest X-rays help in making a diagnosis with the clinical picture, but the echocardiogram gives a strong indication of truncus arteriosus. If in doubt, cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography may be necessary before any surgical correction. The prognosis is poor because of the early onset of intractible congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and progressive pulmonary vascular disease beginning around 6 months of age. Cardiac failure is managed aggressively with digoxin, diuretics, vasodilators, and angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. At present, total correction is performed after stabilizing the patient at the time of diagnosis or between 1 and 3 months of age. The most optimistic aspect of early correction in the truncus anomalies is related to the absence of pulmonary vascular disease and to the growth of the pulmonary arteries. Besides pulmonary vascular disease and significant truncal valve regurgitation, an interrupted aortic arch is the most significant factor contributing to surgical mortality. Coronary artery anomalies and repair at ages greater than 3–6 months, however, may also contribute to surgical mortality.
Celetoids and the City: Tabloidization of the Working Class in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth and Martin Amis’ Lionel Asbo: State of England

Cultural criticism in the post-Brexit era has sought, in part, to understand the impact of the media environment on twenty-first-century working-class subjectivity. This chapter examines the history of this relationship by chronicling allusions to tabloid culture in working-class fiction, specifically in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth and Martin Amis’ Lionel Asbo. In these novels, characters identify with the celetoid, a form of celebrity sui generis, but fail to recognize the means by which tabloid celebrity culture subjects the working class to harmful racist and classist archetypes. The novels demonstrate how tabloid culture provides both a discursive space for community formation and a locus for aspirational identification. At the same time, however, both novels criticize tabloids for limiting working-class access to legitimate forms of economic or social empowerment.
Influencing Early Stages of Neuromuscular Junction Formation through Glycocalyx Engineering.

Achieving molecular control over the formation of synaptic contacts in the nervous system can provide important insights into their regulation and can offer means for creating well-defined in vitro systems to evaluate modes of therapeutic intervention. Agrin-induced clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at postsynaptic sites is a hallmark of the formation of the neuromuscular junction, a synapse between motoneurons and muscle cells. In addition to the cognate agrin receptor LRP4 (low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein-4), muscle cell heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have also been proposed to contribute to AChR clustering by acting as agrin co-receptors. Here, we provide direct evidence for the role of HS GAGs in agrin recruitment to the surface of myotubes, as well as their functional contributions toward AChR clustering. We also demonstrate that engineering of the myotube glycocalyx using synthetic HS GAG polymers can replace native HS structures to gain control over agri...
Comparison of Performance Between a Short Categorized Lifestyle Exposure-based Colon Cancer Risk Prediction Tool and a Model Using Continuous Measures

Risk prediction models that estimate an individual9s risk of developing colon cancer could be used for a variety of clinical and public health interventions, including offering high-risk individuals enhanced screening or lifestyle interventions. However, if risk prediction models are to be translated into actual clinical and public health practice, they must not only be valid and reliable, but also be easy to use. One way of accomplishing this might be to simplify the information that users of risk prediction tools have to enter, but it is critical to ensure no resulting detrimental effects on model performance. We compared the performance of a simplified, largely categorized exposure-based colon cancer risk model against a more complex, largely continuous exposure-based risk model using two prospective cohorts. Using data from the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study we included 816 incident colon cancer cases in women and 412 in men. The discrimination of models was not significantly different comparing a categorized risk prediction model with a continuous prediction model in women (c-statistic 0.600 vs. 0.609, Pdiff = 0.07) and men (c-statistic 0.622 vs. 0.618, Pdiff = 0.60). Both models had good calibration in men [observed case count/expected case count (O/E) = 1.05, P > 0.05] but not in women (O/E = 1.19, P
Healthy Minds at Work: Challenges and Strategies for Businesses

Depressed, anxious, stressed, sleep-deprived, or substance-using workers are unproductive, accident-prone, and plagued by mistakes, sick leave, and departures. Workplace mental health issues are huge cost burdens for businesses. CEOs, managers, supervisors, human resource teams, boards of directors, and employees and their families all crave solutions. The contributors to this book collaborated to create a roadmap for business leaders and staff members to address the problems and costs of unhealthy minds at work. This introductory chapter summarizes big picture challenges and strategies. Authors of subsequent chapters review the most important workplace clinical problems and evidence-based programs to help overcome stigma; when and where to turn for clinical help when necessary; advice about structuring policies, benefits, and educational programs and supports to enhance employee utilization; how to best train and utilize supervisory and peer-to-peer interventions; and strategies for monitoring cost-effectiveness. For businesses that accept the challenge, establishing and sustaining comprehensive workplace mental wellness programs will become points of pride and profitability.
Magic angle hierarchy in twisted graphene multilayers

Author(s): Khalaf, E; Kruchkov, AJ; Tarnopolsky, G; Vishwanath, A | Abstract: When two monolayers of graphene are stacked with a small relative twist angle, the resulting band structure exhibits a remarkably flat pair of bands at a sequence of "magic angles" where correlation effects can induce a host of exotic phases. Here we study a class of related models of n-layered graphene with an alternating relative twist angle ±θ which exhibits magic angle flat bands coexisting with several Dirac dispersing bands at the moire K point. Remarkably, we find that the Hamiltonian for the multilayer system can be mapped exactly to a set of decoupled bilayers at different angles, revealing a remarkable hierarchy mathematically relating all these magic angles to the TBG case. For the trilayer case (n=3), we show that the sequence of magic angle is obtained by multiplying the bilayer magic angles by 2, whereas the quadrilayer case (n=4) has two sequences of magic angles obtained by multiplying the bilayer magic angles by the golden ratio φ=(5+1)/2≈1.62 and its inverse. We also show that for larger n, we can tune the angle to obtain several narrow (almost flat) bands simultaneously and that for n→∞, there is a continuum of magic angles for θ2. Furthermore, we show that tuning several perfectly flat bands for a small number of layers is possible if the coupling between different layers is different. The setup proposed here can be readily achieved by repeatedly applying the "tear and stack" method without the need of any extra tuning of the twist angle and has the advantage that the first magic angle is always larger than the bilayer case.
Tunable Laser Drivers for Next Generation WDM-Based PON Networks

This paper reviews the tunable lasers and their driving circuits to address challenges of the biasing and wavelength excursion reduction for next generation TWDM-PON systems, including NG-PON2 and the recent Super-PON effort in IEEE802.3.
Medications for Maintenance Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Adolescents: A Narrative Review and Assessment of Clinical Benefits and Potential Risks

Objective:Methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone are evidence-based treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). A large body of evidence supports their effectiveness in adults with OUD. However, fe...
Dueling metaphors, fueling futures: “Bridge fuel” visions of coal and natural gas in the United States

Abstract Since at least the 1970s, the idea that certain fossil fuels represent transitional fuels on the way to a lower-carbon energy future has persisted in energy discourse. In particular, natural gas has come to occupy a new identity in this discourse, shifting from what was once a negligible portion of the energy mix in the United States to one of the nation's most important energy resources. Though the “bridge fuel” metaphor was once fairly unambiguous in its meaning, the term has evolved over time to incorporate many visions of the future roles of coal and natural gas in the energy mix. To probe the variety of these meanings in public discourse, we assess the bridge fuel narrative in news articles and government publications as a means to understand the complexity and context of political debates over the unfolding future of natural gas. Using a qualitative coding scheme, we examine five different interpretations of the bridge fuel metaphor between 1988 and 2016. We argue that with its unique quality of facilitating both consensus-building and contestation, the bridge fuel metaphor's simplicity and accessibility belie its power to reveal changing expectations, values, and visions of the future of American energy.
Phonetic evidence supporting a phonological analysis

Abstract: Four proposals have been made to account for the role of the suprasegmental feature quantity in Icelandic phonology. In this study an instrumental analysis of quantity relationships was made of productions of three types of mono- and disyllabic word pairs. The results support a phonological analysis which assigns distinctive length to vowels. The general problem of using instrumental phonetics for empirical verification of phonological solutions is discussed.
OILSEED PROTEIN AS RELATED TO THE WORLD FOOD PROBLEM

SUMMARY Although the extent of the protein problem is not known with precision, all agree that this is a serious problem, is becoming more serious, and is one associated particularly with poverty. The oil seeds are a major potential for increasing protein supplies; 20–25 million tons of additional protein per year are potentially available from soybeans, cottonseed, peanuts and the like. But in order to realize this potential it is necessary to develop new foods, attractive as well as nutritious. This will include new beverages, toned milks, fortified cereals, and textured foods. The major increase in the next decade in total protein supply will be from increased cereal production. The second major increase will be from animals and legumes. Two additional sources that could become prominent in the next several years are increases in the effective protein content of cereals by fortification or breeding and new protein foods from low-cost protein sources.
Prejudice: Intra- and Interpersonal Aspects

Prejudice is defined by the Cambridge English Dictionary as “an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge.” The assumption appears to be that with proper knowledge, such opinions or feelings would change. Is this accurate? How does prejudice develop? How is it maintained or modified? There are many paradigms from which to choose regarding the establishment of prejudice, including evolutionary theories of “in- and out-groups,” neurobiology, social psychology, and more. While touching on those, I will review concepts of prejudice, with a focus on anti-Semitism, from an intrapersonal (intrapsychic) as well as interpersonal perspective (i.e., the individual and systemic). In addition, I will comment on bias within the mental health field. I will conclude with potential mitigating solutions for prejudice.
Computer Aided System for Inspection of Assembled PCB

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is said to be the heart of the electronic automation system. Components of different sizes, shapes are used for assembling the PCB. With the advancements in the technology, complexity of PCBs has also increased and also number of components to be assembled on PCB is also increased. Missing components are to be verified before testing the operation of the system. Wrong component placement may cause complete failure of the system. Proposed system does the automatic inspection of the assembled PCB using image processing techniques. The proposed system uses image pre-processing techniques, image subtraction, and extraction of region properties to find defect in assembled PCB. This system detects multiple missing components as well as wrongly placed components. It provides ease in inspection of assembled PCB and provides accurate results.
The pattern of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression using immunohistochemistry and its prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

e16756Background: Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) is a secreted form of mucin. Its expression correlates with poor outcome in uterine, ampullary adenocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Its prognostic significanc...
Chronic myeloid neoplasms harboring concomitant mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasm driver genes (JAK2/MPL/CALR) and SF3B1.

JAK2, CALR, and MPL are myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)-driver mutations, whereas SF3B1 is strongly associated with ring sideroblasts (RS) in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Concomitant mutations of SF3B1 and MPN-driver mutations out of the context of MDS/MPN with RS and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T) are not well-studied. From the cases (<5% blasts) tested by NGS panels interrogating at least 42 myeloid neoplasm-related genes, we identified 18 MDS/MPN-RS-T, 42 MPN, 10 MDS, and 6 MDS/MPN-U cases with an SF3B1 and an MPN-driver mutation. Using a 10% VAF difference to define “SF3B1-dominant,” “MPN-mutation dominant,” and “no dominance,” the majority of MDS/MPN-RS-T clustered in “SF3B1-dominant” and “no dominance” regions. Aside from parameters as thrombocytosis and ≥15% RS required for RS-T, MDS also differed in frequent neutropenia, multilineage dysplasia, and notably more cases with <10% VAF of MPN-driver mutations (60%, p = 0.0346); MPN differed in more frequent splenomegaly, myelofibrosis, and higher VAF of “MPN-driver mutations.” “Gray zone” cases with features overlapping MDS/MPN-RS-T were observed in over one-thirds of non-RS-T cases. This study shows that concomitant SF3B1 and MPN-driver mutations can be observed in MDS, MPN, and MDS/MPN-U, each showing overlapping but also distinctively different clinicopathological features. Clonal hierarchy, cytogenetic abnormalities, and additional somatic mutations may in part contribute to different disease phenotypes, which may help in the classification of “gray zone” cases.
Who Is Community Engagement For?: The Endless Loop of Democratic Transparency:

This article approaches college and university community engagement as a publicity practice responding to complex pressures in the U.S. higher education field. Democracy initiatives in American aca...
Nebulae: A Proposed Concept of Operation for Deep Space Computing Clouds

In this paper, we describe an ongoing multi-institution study in using emplaced computational resources such as high-volume storage and fast processing to enable instruments to gather and store much more data than would normally be possible, even if it cannot be downlinked to Earth in any reasonable time. The primary focus of the study is designing science pipelines for on-site summarization, archival for future downlink, and multisensor fusion. A secondary focus is on providing support for increasingly autonomous systems, including mapping, planning, and multi-platform collaboration. Key to both of these concepts is treating the spacecraft not as an autonomous agent but as an interactive batch processor, which allows us to avoid “quantum leaps” in machine intelligence required to realize the concepts. Our goal is to discuss preliminary results and technical directions for the community, and identify promising new opportunities for multi-sensor fusion with the help of planetary researchers.
(No) Flag on the Play: Framing Cam Newton’s Penalty Concerns as an Issue of Size, Sportsmanship, and Fairness

During a Week 8 post-game press conference in the 2016 season, NFL quarterback Cam Newton explicitly criticized the officiating crew of the game for not calling penalties on late hits that he felt ...
The Distribution of Gastrointestinal Pathogens on Stool PCR Prior to the Development of IBD

Goals We investigated the distribution of pathogens on stool gastrointestinal (GI) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in those who subsequently developed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Background Infectious gastroenteritis has been associated with later development of IBD. Study This retrospective study includes patients of all ages hospitalized for diarrhea with positive GIPCR panel and subsequently a new diagnosis of IBD [confirmed by chart review and International Classification of Disease, Clinical Modification code for Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC)], between March 2015 to September 2019 at our quaternary care institution. Patients with IBD diagnosis before GIPCR were excluded. Descriptive statistics characterized the distribution of microbial pathogens in relation to later IBD diagnosis. Results Fifty-four participants were eligible (UC 44%; CD 56%). Median age at time of IBD diagnosis was 35 years [interquartile range (IQR) 18 to 65]. Median time between GIPCR and IBD diagnosis was 3 months (IQR 2 to 9) for all patients. When stratified by organism class, median time to diagnosis was 6 months (IQR 2 to 10) for patients with bacteria, 3 months (IQR 1 to 8) for patients with viruses, and 1 month (IQR 0.75 to 1) for patients with parasites (log-rank P=0.001). Sixty-nine unique pathogens (83% bacteria) were identified on all tests. Escherichia coli was the most common species (71%), of which enteropathogenic E. coli was predominant (38%). Conclusions The E. coli species, specifically enteropathogenic E. coli, may be implicated in the development of IBD. This is one of the first studies to evaluate the results of stool GIPCR in the link between the microbiome and IBD pathogenesis.
Multimodal Hybrid Pedestrian: A Hybrid Automaton Model of Urban Pedestrian Behavior for Automated Driving Applications

For automated vehicles (AVs) to navigate safely, they must be able to anticipate and predict the behavior of pedestrians. This is particularly critical in urban driving environments where risks of collisions are high. However, a major challenge is that pedestrian behavior is inherently multimodal in nature, i.e., pedestrians can plausibly take multiple paths. This is because, in large part, pedestrian behaviors are driven by unique intentions and decisions made by each pedestrian walking along a particular sidewalk or crosswalk. As described in this paper, we developed a hybrid automaton model of multimodal pedestrian behavior called Multimodal Hybrid Pedestrian (MHP) . We account for multimodal pedestrian behavior by identifying pedestrian decision-making points and developing decision-making models to predict pedestrian behaviors in a probabilistic hybrid automaton framework. The resulting MHP model is more likely to predict the ground truth trajectory compared to two baseline models—a baseline hybrid automaton model and a constant velocity model. The MHP model is applicable to a wide variety of urban scenarios—midblocks, intersections, one-way, and two-way streets, etc., and the probabilistic predictions from the model can be utilized for AV motion planning.
Observations of Shallow Methane Bubble Emissions From Cascadia Margin

Open questions exist about whether methane emitted from active seafloor seeps reaches the surface ocean to be subsequently ventilated to the atmosphere. Water depth variability, coupled with the transient nature of methane bubble plumes, adds complexity to examining these questions. Little data exist which trace methane transport from release at a seep into the water column. Here, we demonstrate a coupled technological approach for examining methane transport, combining multibeam sonar, a field-portable laser-based spectrometer, and the ChemYak, a robotic surface kayak, at two shallow (<75 m depth) seep sites on the Cascadia Margin. We demonstrate the presence of elevated methane (above the methane equilibration concentration with the atmosphere) throughout the water column. We observe areas of elevated dissolved methane at the surface, suggesting that at these shallow seep sites, methane is reaching the air-sea interface and is being emitted to the atmosphere.
Participatory Mapping with High-resolution Satellite Imagery: A Mixed method Assessment of Land Degradation and Rehabilitation in Northern Burkina Faso.

Sahelian West Africa is a region that suffers from high population densities, frequent severe droughts, and enormous pressure on natural resources. Because of these challenges, it is the place where the term "desertification" was originally coined. Recently, however, experts have identified large zones of "greening" where the amount of vegetation exceeds what one would expect based on rainfall alone. This pattern is well documented, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. This research employs participatory mapping linked with high-resolution satellite imagery to better understand the human role behind regional vegetation trends. Through a case study of three communities in northern Burkina Faso, this paper presents a pilot methodology for explicitly mapping perceived areas of both land degradation and rehabilitation. Combining participatory mapping exercises with standard image classification techniques allows areas of land degradation and rehabilitation to be precisely located and their extents measured for individual communities and their surrounding terroirs. Results of the spatial analysis show that the relative proportion of greening and browning varies among communities. In the case of Sakou, nearly 60 percent of its terroir is degraded. While in another, Kouka, this is 48 percent. This method also elicits perspectives of Burkinabe agro-pastoralists on the local land-use practices driving these twin environmental processes. Altogether, this case study demonstrates the analytical power of integrating ethnography and high-resolution satellite imagery to provide a bottom-up perspective on social-ecological dynamics.
The Counterspherical Representation of a Minimal Surface

The “counterspherical representation” of a surface in Euclidean 3-space is introduced in this paper. For meromorphic minimal surfaces in isothermal representation, the familiar spherical representation and the new counterspherical representation together give a physical interpretation of the “visibility function” that appears when the Nevanlinna theory of meromorphic functions of a complex variable is extended to these surfaces. In particular, the spherical and counterspherical representations can be used to show that the fundamental theorem of algebra for rational and logarithmico-rational minimal surfaces can be regarded not merely as an analytic theorem but also as a topological result.
The Bose Gas: A Subtle Many-Body Problem

Now that the properties of the ground state of quantum-mechanical many-body systems (bosons) at low density, p, can be examined experimentally it is appropriate to revisit some of the formulas deduced by many authors 4–5 decades ago. One of these is that the leading term in the energy/particle is 4πaρ where a is the scattering length of the 2-body potential. Owing to the delicate and peculiar nature of bosonic correlations (such as the strange N 7/5 law for charged bosons), four decades of research failed to establish this plausible formula rigorously. The only previous lower bound for the energy was found by Dyson in 1957, but it was 14 times too small. The correct asymptotic formula has recently been obtained jointly with J. Yngvason and this work will be presented. The reason behind the mathematical difficulties will be emphasized. A different formula, postulated as late as 1971 by Schick, holds in two-dimensions and this, too, will be shown to be correct. Another problem of great interest is the existence of Bose-Einstein condensation, and what little is known about this rigorously will also be discussed. With the aid of the methodology developed to prove the lower bound for the homogeneous gas, two other problems have been successfully addressed. One is the proof (with Yngvason and Seiringer) that the Gross-Pitaevskii equation correctly describes the ground state in the ‘traps’ actually used in the experiments. The other is a very recent proof (with Solovej) that Foldy’s 1961 theory of a high density gas of charge particles correctly describes its ground state energy.
Sequence Analysis of βA3, βB3, and βA4 Crystallins Completes the Identification of the Major Proteins in Young Human Lens

A combination of Edman sequence analysis and mass spectrometry identified the major proteins of the young human lens as αA, αB, βA1, βA3, βA4, βB1, βB2, βB3, γS, γC, and γD-crystallins and mapped their positions on two-dimensional electrophoretic gels. The primary structures of human βA1, βA3, βA4, and βB3-crystallin subunits were predicted by determining cDNA sequences. Mass spectrometric analyses of each intact protein as well as the peptides from trypsin-digested proteins confirmed the predicted amino acid sequences and detected a partially degraded form of βA3/A1 missing either 22 or 4 amino acid residues from its N-terminal extension. These studies were a prerequisite for future studies to determine how human lens proteins are altered during aging and cataract formation.
Advertising with Subjective Horizontal and Vertical Product Differentiation

In this paper, we analyze the impact of advertising on markets wheresubjective horizontal and vertical product differentiation are important. A simple model showshow advertising can be used to create subjective horizontal and vertical differentiation.The model predicts that firms are likely to be symmetric when advertising creates subjective horizontaldifferentiation and that name and generic brands are most likely to coexist in markets whereadvertising creates subjective vertical differentiation. In all cases, the ability toadvertise creates distance between products which increases the market power of firms. Finally, severalreal world examples are used to illustrate the conditions under which the model is most relevant.
Monoclonal Antibody–Based Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Sensitive Detection of Prohibited Ruminant Proteins in Feedstuffs

Regulations aimed to control the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy have banned the use of certain animal products, i.e., ruminant meat and bone meals, in ruminant animal feeds. A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect prohibited bovine and ovine muscles in feedstuffs. The assay utilizes a pair of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against skeletal troponin I (TnI). MAb 5G9, specific to bovine and ovine TnI, was used as the capture antibody and the biotin-conjugated MAb 2G3, reacting to all heterologous TnI, was used as the detection antibody. Quantitative procedures were applied to samples containing 5, 0.5, and 0.05% (wt/wt) of heat-treated (132 degrees C/2 bar, 2 h) bovine and ovine meat meals in three different feeds, coexisting with porcine, chicken, or turkey meat meal. The presence of these nonprohibited species did not affect the detection of bovine and ovine meat meals in the feed samples (P > 0.05). Quantitative determinations of extractable bovine and ovine TnI, with a detection limit of 5.0 and 4.0 ng/ml, respectively, were achieved when the matching feed matrixes were used in the calibration curves. This new assay provides a rapid and reliable way to detect animal protein products containing a trace amount of bovine or ovine muscle tissue in feedstuffs.
Run-Time Parallelization Optimization Techniques

In this paper we first present several compiler techniques to reduce the overhead of run-time parallelization. We show how to use static control flow information to reduce the number of memory references that need to be traced at run-time. Then we introduce several methods designed specifically for the parallelization of sparse applications. We detail some heuristics on how to speculate on the type and data structures used by the original code and thus reduce the memory requirements for tracing the sparse access patterns without performing any additional work. Optimization techniques for the sparse reduction parallelization and speculative loop distribution conclude the paper.
Dynamics and Self-consistent Chaos in a Mean Field Hamiltonian Model

We study a mean field Hamiltonian model that describes the collective dynamics of marginally stable fluids and plasmas in the finite N and N → ∞ kinetic limit (where N is the number of particles). The linear stability of equilibria in the kinetic model is studied as well as the initial value problem including Landau damping. Numerical simulations show the existence of coherent, rotating dipole states. We approximate the dipole as two macroparticles and show that the N = 2 limit has a family of rotating integrable solutions that provide an accurate description of the dynamics. We discuss the role of self-consistent Hamiltonian chaos in the formation of coherent structures, and discuss a mechanism of “violent” mixing caused by a self-consistent elliptic-hyperbolic bifurcation in phase space.
Effect of Blood Collection and Processing on Radioimmunoassay Results for Apolipoprotein B in Plasma

We studied the effects of different blood collection and processing procedures on quantification of apolipoprotein (apo) B by radioimmunoassay. High-density lipoprotein subfractions HDL3 and HDL2 and isolated apoA-I did not cross-react in the assay. Analytical recovery of apoB at different doses of very-low- and low-density lipoproteins were complete. Inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) averaged 7.4% and 6.0%, respectively. Blood from 20 subjects was collected into tubes containing EDTA alone or EDTA with antiproteolytic and antioxidant agents; one half of each plasma was separated immediately, half after 3 h at 4 degrees C. Regardless of the addition of protective agents or the time difference in separating plasma from other blood elements, freezing plasma at -70 degrees C decreased apoB content a similar amount, an average of 6.8%. This loss of apoB immunoreactivity was not related to apoB content in fresh plasma. Analysis of variance showed no differential effect on apoB content by the various additions to whole blood or plasma. No additional apoB content was lost in once-frozen aliquots of three human plasma pools during storage at -70 degrees C for up to 18 months. We conclude that concentrations of apoB in human plasma can be measured reliably after long-term storage, although the absolute value may decrease slightly as a result of freezing.
Effect of chronic cold and submergence on blood oxygen transport in the turtle, chrysemys picta

Whole blood oxygen equilibrium curves (O2EC's) and related hematologic properties are reported for the turtle Chrysemys picta exposed to two experimental conditions. Summer turtles were maintained at 24°C with free access to air; winter turtles were submerged for 4–12 wk in N2-bubbled water at 3°C. Half-saturation PO2's at 3°C for blood from summer and winter animals were 4.1 and 4.5 Torr, respectively. At 24°C, summerand winter P50's were 20.2 and 22.7 Torr, respectively. The winter turtle P50 values were lower than predicted since prolonged submergence effected a severe metabolic acidos; blood pH's for winter turtles were 0.65 pH unit lower than for summer animals at both temperatures. Cold submergence also had a profound influence on O2EC shape. Winter turtle curves exhibited high O2 affinity below P50 while they were distinctly right-shifted above 50% S. Winter animals also exhibited reduced CO2-Bohr coefficients (Δlog PO2/ΔpH) at 3 and 24°C. Prolonged submergence did not affect the animal's isohemoglobin profile (demontrated by isoelectric focusing) or [metHb]. The [ATP] and [DPG] in winter turtle red cells, however, decreased significantly; the ratio of organic phosphate ([ATP]+[DPG]) to Hb tetramer fell from 1.4 in summer animals to 0.5 in winter turtles. These findings suggest that the effect of chronic cold and prolonged submergence on turtle O2EC position and shape may result from reduction in RBC organic phosphates. Furthermore, these observed changes in blood oxygen transport may facilitate O2 loading during winter submergence via extrapulmonary gas exchange.
Tolterodine: pharmokinetics, efficacy and safety

Tolterodine is a potent muscarinic antagonist for M1–M5 subtype receptors. Although nonselective, it has been shown to target the bladder preferentially over other organ systems. It is available in two forms; either as a 1 or 2 mg immediate-release formulation taken twice daily or a 2- or 4-mg extended-release formulation taken daily. In multiple trials, compared with other anticholinergic agents, it has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of adult females with an overactive bladder with and without urge incontinence, as well as in those with urge-predominant mixed incontinence. It is well tolerated and safe, with the extended-release formula demonstrating a lower frequency of adverse events, especially dry mouth.
Effect of Grain Boundaries on Krypton Segregation Behavior in Irradiated Uranium Dioxide

Fission products, such as krypton (Kr), are known to be insoluble within UO2, segregating toward grain boundaries and eventually leading to a lowering in thermal conductivity and fuel swelling. Recent computational studies have identified that differences in grain boundary structure have a significant effect on the segregation behavior of fission products. However, experimental work supporting these simulations is lacking. Atom probe tomography was used to measure the Kr distribution across grain boundaries in UO2. Polycrystalline depleted UO2 samples were irradiated with 0.7 MeV and 1.8 MeV Kr-ions and annealed to 1000°C, 1300°C, and 1600°C for 1 h to produce a Kr-bubble dominated microstructure. The results of this work indicate a strong dependence of Kr concentration as a function of grain boundary structure. Temperature also influences grain boundary chemistry with greater Kr concentration evident at higher temperatures, resulting in a reduced Kr concentration in the bulk. Although Kr segregation takes place at elevated temperatures, no change in grain size or texture was observed in the irradiated UO2 samples.
Bioassay of interstitial cell-stimulating hormone in the hypophysectomized male rat by the ventral prostate test.

Several factors that could affect the assay for ICSH in the hypophysectomized male rat by the prostate test have been investigated. With respect to route of injection, it was found that the hormone solution should be administered subcutaneously rather than intraperitoneally for more quantitative determinations. Moreover, for the assay of purified preparations of ICSH, rats of the Long-Evans and the Sprague-Dawley strains were found to be equally satisfactory with respect to consistency and sensitivity. On the other hand, it was shown that whereas the administration of either growth hormone or lactogenic hormone concurrently with ICSH had no influence on the prostatic response of the Long-Evans rat to the latter hormone, in the Sprague-Dawley rat both of the former hormones were complicating factors in the assay. The evidence in support of the interpretation that lactogenic hormone intervenes at the level of the testis and that growth hormone intervenes at the level of the ventral prostate as well as of th...
The case for acquisitions standards in the integrated library system

Acquisitions metadata within current library integrated systems is not based on any standard; rather, systems vendors generally define structure and content according to proprietary approaches. The authors argue that this cripples library acquisitions practitioners and managers in numerous ways. It renders routine tasks more difficult, jeopardizes the integrity of data during system migration, forces adoption of costly external tracking solutions, and hinders efforts to manage collections and budgets. The authors define acquisitions standards and relate them to existing bibliographic and e-commerce protocols. They discuss reasons for the lack of acquisitions standards and outline first steps in a project to develop them. This paper is based on a presentation given at the Acquisitions Institute at Timberline Lodge, Fourth Annual Conference, held 17-20 May 2003.
Comparisons of children of depressed and nondepressed parents: A social-environmental perspective

Several lines of evidence indicate that a parent's depression may be a significant health and adaptational risk factor for his or her children. In a controlled comparison, children of 133 depressed parents had significantly more symptoms of emotional, somatic, and behavioral impairment than did children of 135 nondepressed parents. Additional results suggest that the more negative milieu found among families of depressed parents was a mediator of the effects of parental depression. A social-environmental perspective helped to identify aspects of parents' functioning, family stressors, and resources that were related to children's health. Variations in these stressors and resources were strongly related to the probability of disturbance among children of depressed parents.
Guided surface waves near cutoff

The joint effects of weak nonlinearity and weak linear damping on the dominant, antisymmetric gravity wave (excited by torsional oscillations of a plane wavemaker about a vertical axis) near its cutoff frequency in a rectangular channel are investigated, following Barnard, Mahony & Pritchard (1977). The evolution equations for the envelope of this mode are derived from the variational formulation previously developed for the parametrically excited cross-wave problem (Miles & Becker 1988). They are equivalent to those of Barnard et al. , after correcting their damping and self-interaction terms, and, after appropriate normalization, differ from the cross-wave evolution equations only in the boundary condition at the wavemaker. Analytical approximations and the results of numerical integration for stationary envelopes (as observed in the experiments of Barnard et al. ) are presented. The present results are somewhat closer to the observations of Barnard et al. than are their calculations, but the differences between the two calculations are not qualitatively significant.
Incorporation of increased concentrations of rare earth activator ions in optical quality single crystals of yttrium aluminum garnet

Abstract There is a substantial mismatch in the ionic radius of the Nd 3+ ion and the Y 3+ ion, which, in part, is the reason for the difficulty encountered in the isomorphous substitution of large concentrations of the former ion in optical quality single crystals of yttrium aluminum garnet. In addition, attempts to prepare a garnet structural type compound of composition Nd 3 Al 5 O 12 have not been successful. Methods for increasing the concentration of Nd 3+ ions in optical quality single crystals of yttrium aluminum garnet by the simultaneous incorporation of size compensating cations were investigated. Crystal growth experiments have been carried out utilizing gallium, lutetium and ytterbium ions as the size compensating agent. Flourescence, lifetime and absorption measurements have been made to determine the effect of lutetium upon the optical properties of neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet.
Adding antidepressants to antipsychotics for treatment of subsyndromal depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: Impact on positive and negative symptoms.

Objectives: It remains unclear how augmenting anti-psychotic medications with anti-depressants impacts primary positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In this study, we used data collected from a randomized trial comparing citalopram to placebo for management of subsyndromal depression (SSD) in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, to assess the effects of antidepressant augmentation on positive and negative symptoms. Materials and Methods: Participants in this study conducted at the University of California, San Diego and the University of Cincinnati, were persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder aged 40 or older and who met study criteria for SSD. Patients were randomly assigned to flexible-dose treatment with citalopram or placebo augmentation of their current anti-psychotic medication. Analysis of covariance was used to compare changes in positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores between treatment groups. We also assessed mediating effects of improvement in depression and moderating effects of multiple factors on positive and negative symptoms. Results: There was significant improvement in PANSS negative symptoms scores in the citalopram group, which was partially mediated by improvement in depressive symptoms. There was no effect on PANSS positive scores. Conclusions: In patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, treating depressive symptoms with citalopram appears to carry the added benefit of improving negative symptoms.
Pitch and pitch discrimination of broadband signals with rippled power spectra.

A random‐interval pulse train or wide‐band noise when delayed (τ) and added back to itself (cos+) produces a stimulus with a cosinusoidally varying (or rippled) power spectrum. The spacing between the peaks in the spectrum is equal to the reciprocal of the delay (1/τ). If the stimulus is delayed and added back at 180° phase reversal (cos−), then a cosinusoidally varying power spectrum is generated whose spectral peaks are separated by 1/τ, but whose peaks are displaced by 1/2τ relative to the power spectrum of the cos+ stimulus generated with the same delay, τ. These stimuli yield a pitch, such that the pitch of the cos+ stimulus is equal to approximately 1/τ and the pitches of the cos− stimuli are equal to approximately 0.9/τ and 1.1/τ. These pitch matching results were studied using a variety of matching stimuli and conditions. Following the identification of the pitches, a method of limits and a same–different procedure were used to study the pitch discriminability of both the cos+ and cos− stimuli. De...