cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ticket-based Multiple Packet Broadcasting in Delay Tolerant Networks

In delay tolerant networks (DTNs), broadcasting is an important routing function that supports the distribution of data to all users in the network. Efficient broadcasting in DTNs is a challenging problem due to the lack of continuous network connectivity. In this paper, we consider the limited bandwidth scenario for DTN broadcasting. Our scheme aims to provide a ticket-based multiple packet broadcasting protocol for a DTN that follows the human mobility patterns – Levy walks and communitybased mobility. Our proposed protocol has two steps: packet selection and relay node selection. Packet selection takes place when two nodes come into contact with each other. It is based on a packet priority ranking scheme, which considers the number of tickets associated with each packet. Relay node selection will consider two parameters: global active level and local active level. Global active level is used for determining when the ticket partition is needed, and local active level is used to decide how the tickets should be partitioned. Each local active level corresponds to the activity level in a grid of 2-D broadcast space. Compared with epidemic, time-based, and hop-count-based schemes, our ticket-based packet priority ranking scheme, which considers the mobility patterns and the node active levels, has the best performance in our simulation. The simulation results show the good performance of our proposed scheme in DTN broadcasting, both in synthetic and real mobility traces.
Theories of Rules and Proofs

One of the fundamental ideas in constructive mathematics is that there is no a priori concept of truth in mathematics; the truth of an assertion is established by proving it. The very meaning of a proposition is to be given by explaining what constitutes a proof of it. Thus “proof” assumes a more fundamental role in constructive mathematics than it does in classical mathematics. Yet proofs are very seldom explicitly mentioned when actually doing constructive mathematics. This situation has been briefly discussed in II.4 and II.6, where also a rather tentative explanation of the meanings of the logical connectives and quantifiers has been given.
New Strategies to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: What to Do for Your Patients

The current rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are falling, in large part, as a result of effective prevention strategies. However, the application and efficacy of VAP prevention is being challenged by efforts to replace VAP surveillance with monitoring for ventilator-associated complications (VAC), which include many non-infectious processes. VAP prevention is based on interrupting pneumonia pathogenesis by avoiding the inoculation of contaminated oral secretions into the lower respiratory tract. This starts by using non-invasive ventilation in place of endotracheal intubation whenever possible, placing all tracheal and gastric tubes through the mouth and not the nose, and making daily efforts to liberate patients from mechanical ventilation. Intervention strategies to avoid microaspiration of oral contents to the lung have focused on the use of modified respiratory therapy equipment. This includes endotracheal tubes with subglottic secretion drainage channels, endotracheal tube cuffs made of special materials and of special shape, adaptation of endotracheal tube materials to prevent the development of biofilm, cleaning tubes with biofilm removal devices, and using devices to maintain endotracheal tube cuff pressure. Decontamination of oral secretions with chlorhexidine is commonly incorporated, as part of routine oral care, in many patients. The use of 24 h of prophylactic antibiotics after emergent intubation is also a valuable strategy, but controversy about selective digestive and selective oral decontamination persists, because of concerns about the emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly in ICUs with high baseline rates of resistance. Other interventions are of less certain benefit, such as post-pyloric feeding, elevation of the head of the bed, and use of probiotics. This review makes recommendations about which current prevention strategies have the greatest potential to reduce the frequency of VAP.
Abstract WP119: Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke (POINT) Trial

The Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and minor ischemic stroke (POINT) Trial, is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial with the primary null hypothesis that, in patients with TIA or minor ischemic stroke treated with aspirin 50-325 mg/day, there is no difference in survival free of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and ischemic vascular death at 90 days in those treated with clopidogrel (600 mg loading dose then 75 mg/day) compared to placebo when therapy is initiated within 12 hours of the time last known free of new ischemic symptoms. Subjects are 18 years of age or older with high-risk TIA (defined as an ABCD 2 score > 4) or minor ischemic stroke (with an NIHSS Planned Number of Centers: 210; Present Number: 145 (06 AUG 2012) Planned Number of Subjects: 4,150; Present Number: 1,008 (06 AUG 2012) Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Collaborators: Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials Network (NETT); Statistics and Data Management Center (SDMC) at Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC); POINT Clinical Research Collaboration (POINT CRC) at EMMES Corporation Dates of Study: October 2009 - September 2016 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00991029; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00991029?term=POINT&rank=1
Oxygen Reduction Properties of Bifunctional α-Manganese Oxide Electrocatalysts in Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes

Several different preparation and morphologies of α-manganese oxide catalysts were synthesized, and their physical properties were characterized. These catalysts were also characterized by electroc...
Discovery of Novel Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A).

We report the discovery of novel imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines as potent and selective inhibitors of PDE10A. The investigation began with our recently disclosed ketobenzimidazole 1, which exhibited single digit nanomolar PDE10A activity but poor oral bioavailability. To improve oral bioavailability, we turned to novel scaffold imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine 2, which not only retained nanomolar PDE10A activity but was also devoid of the morpholine metabolic liability. Structure–activity relationship studies were conducted systematically to examine how various regions of the molecule impacted potency. X-ray cocrystal structures of compounds 7 and 24 in human PDE10A helped to elucidate the key bonding interactions. Five of the most potent and structurally diverse imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines (4, 7, 12b, 24a, and 24b) with PDE10A IC50 values ranging from 0.8 to 6.7 nM were advanced into receptor occupancy studies. Four of them (4, 12b, 24a, and 24b) achieved 55–74% RO at 10 mg/kg po.
The effect of dietary interventions to reduce blood pressure in normal humans.

Changes in electrolyte intake have been advocated to lower the prevalence of hypertension in the normal population. To elucidate the potential impact of such strategies, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of data from three interventions, namely, salt (NaCl) restriction, calcium (Ca) supplementation, and potassium (K) supplementation in normal volunteers. Eighty-two adults lowered their Na intake from 157 +/− 6 S.E. to 68 +/− 3 mEq/day for 12 weeks. Population mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased less than or equal to 2 mm Hg. Ca supplementation, 1.5 g daily for 12 weeks in 37 men, decreased blood pressure compared to 38 men receiving placebo. Ca supplementation, 1 g daily for 8 weeks in an older group of 44 normal subjects, decreased supine diastolic and standing systolic blood pressure. K supplementation with a nonchloride salt in 64 normal adults for 4 weeks had no effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure even though urinary excretion was increased by 20 mmol/day. The responses...
Analysis and Control Strategies on Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles in Qinghai Province From 2001-2005

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Qinghai Province from 2001 to 2005 and to develop a series of strategies for measles control.Methods The data of epidemiological investigation and surveillance reports of infectious disease were analyzed by using SPSS10.0 software.Results Among total of 1815 measles cases,the seasonal peak appeared from March to June.21.10% had measles vaccine immunization history,25.56% were non-vaccinated and 53.33% were uncertain.The incidence in the district of the South Qinghai is higher than in the district where are along the Qinghai-lake and higher than in the district of Haidong and Xining City.Conclusion The main factors leading to measles outbreaks were zero immunization,and failure of immunization.For control of measles outbreak,the effect strategies should include improving the coverage of basic immunization,reinforcing surveillance of epidemic situation and diagnose of laboratory.
Corporation's Perfection of Administration from the Perspective of Financial Administration

Corporation administration does not only embody a contract relationship between all the involvers,it also embodies a system of ownership of the enterprise(the rights to ask for and control surplus).In the meantime,it embodies the constraint and conditioning mechanism of different powers(the rights to ask for and control surplus,and the right of management of the manager) in the enterprise,and therefore its connotation is rich and profound.As an important system in the organizational structure of the corporation's administration,financial administration occupies the core position,and so corporation administration must start with financial administration.This article,starting with the relationship between financial administration and corporation administration,explores how to perfect corporation's administration from the perspective of financial administration.
An Analysis on Design of Wideband Receiver for MBR Base Station

The new software defined radio(SDR) platform is evolving to wideband,multimode and multiband radio(MBR).The MBR technology research is increasingly important.In this paper,the design of wideband receiver for MBR base station is analyzed and studied.The key technologies and challenges about wideband receiver for MBR base station are analyzed.Based on the direct down conversion technology,a realization architecture of wideband receiver for MBR base station is presented.The key technical points of direct down conversion receiver are discussed and analyzed,and a specific design example is given.
Die Minimierung (Konvexer) Funktionale

Ein mathematisches Programmierungsproblem P besteht in der Minimierung eines Funktionals g:E→ R unter gewissen gegebenen Nebenbedingungen.
Government and the Decline

During the Golden Age, the government seemed to merit the people’s trust. The United States had beaten the Depression. It had just won a popular World War. Government policies seemed to be responsible for a good deal of the prosperity at the time.
Identifying Patients at Risk for Aortic Stenosis Through Learning from Multimodal Data

In this paper we present a new method of uncovering patients with aortic valve diseases in large electronic health record systems through learning with multimodal data. The method automatically extracts clinically-relevant valvular disease features from five multimodal sources of information including structured diagnosis, echocardiogram reports, and echocardiogram imaging studies. It combines these partial evidence features in a random forests learning framework to predict patients likely to have the disease. Results of a retrospective clinical study from a 1000 patient dataset are presented that indicate that over 25 % new patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis can be automatically discovered by our method that were previously missed from the records.
Toward a Critical Sociology of Risk

Sociologists are growing increasingly skeptical toward research on risk conducted in other fields, and new perspectives on risk are emerging. Topics that merit further exploration include the social construction of risk and risk objects, risk analysis as a type of scientific enterprise, the organizational and institutional forces that shape positions on risk, safety and risk as dynamic properties of social systems, and the social forces that create and allocate risk. In particular, sociologists need to place more emphasis on exploring the roles played by organizations and the state in hazard production and on formulating a political economy of risk. To a significantly greater degree than other disciplines concerned with risk, sociology emphasizes the contextual factors that structure vulnerability to hazards and the linkages that exist between vulnerability and social power.
Joint Interference Rejection/Channel Equalization in DS Spread-Spectrum Receivers using the CMA Equalizer and Maximum-Likelihood Techniques

We consider two direct-sequence (DS) receiver designs for simultaneous rejection of narrowband interference and multipath. The first receiver is based on the generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT), where the interferer is modeled as an Nth order circular Gaussian AR process and the channel is assumed to be a tapped delay line. We then derive the ML joint estimator for the channel coefficients and interferer autoregressive parameters. Analytical results for the BER of the GLRT receiver are presented assuming exact knowledge of the received signal covariances. The second receiver uses a transversal adaptive equalizer based on the constant-modulus algorithm (CMA). The advantage of the CMA is that a reference signal is not required, eliminating the need for code synchronization and bit decision feedback. Analytical expressions for BER are then evaluated numerically for the receiver employing the CMA equalizer.
A validated LC–MS/MS method for thyroid hormone determination in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) plasma, gill, kidney and liver

A UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to provide a reproducible, sensitive and quantitative assay to determine thyroid hormones in sea lamprey tissues and plasma. l-Thyroxine (T4) and its two triiodo-thyronine isomers have been simultaneously quantified and validated for plasma, gill, liver, and kidney matrices. Multiple sample preparation techniques were investigated to achieve optimal sample matrix digestion and clean-up. Enzymatic digestion followed by protein precipitation was selected to process the samples. The developed method exhibited excellent linearity for all analytes with regression coefficients higher than 0.99 for concentrations ranged from 10 to 50,000pg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) was under 1pg/mL while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was estimated as 10pg/mL. This method was validated according to the FDA guidance and applied to determine thyroid hormone levels in plasma, gill and kidney of sea lamprey exposed to a sex pheromone. With appropriate implementation and further validation, this method could be applied to tissues in other species including humans.
Measuring the Wigner Angle with a Parametric Amplifier

I propose a scheme for observing the Wigner angle using an optical parametric amplifier. The Wigner angle is a curious interesting concept from special relativity that most of us have encountered in another guise as Thomas precession in atomic physics.The Wigner angle arises because the subset of pure Lorentz transformations (“boosts”) does not constitute a group. Put more explicitly, the product of two boosts along different directions is not a boost but a boost multiplied by a rotation. The angle of rotation is known as Wigner's angle. Let us confine ourselves to 2 space and 1 time dimension(s), denoting by L(ξ, ϑ) a boost of velocity v = c tanhξ at an angle ϑ to the x-axis and by R(ϑ) a rotation (of the coordinate system) in the x-y plane by the angle ϑ.
Reversed interfacial fractionation of carbonate and bicarbonate evidenced by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy

The fractionation of ions at liquid interfaces and its effects on the interfacial structure are of vital importance in many scientific fields. Of particular interest is the aqueous carbonate system, which governs both the terrestrial carbon cycle and physiological respiration systems. We have investigated the relative fractionation of carbonate, bicarbonate, and carbonic acid at the liquid/vapor interface finding that both carbonate (CO32−) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) are present in higher concentrations than bicarbonate (HCO3−) in the interfacial region. While the interfacial enhancement of a neutral acid relative to a charged ion is expected, the enhancement of doubly charged, strongly hydrated carbonate anion over the singly charged, less strongly hydrated bicarbonate ion is surprising. As vibrational sum frequency generation experiments have concluded that both carbonate and bicarbonate anions are largely excluded from the air/water interface, the present results suggest that there exists a significant ...
Quantifying the Dynamics of Central Systemic Degeneration in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental condition defined by widespread, complex and inspecific symptoms. This complexity prevented many attempts to provide a simple explanation, a reliable cure or even a neurobiology-based diagnosis. Statistics has been so far the preferred method used in psychiatric research in conjunction with clinical data. However, regression-based analyses are generally limited by reliance upon their linear and static nature and emphasized (depending on the study) either unusually high or unusually low levels of one variable at a time (brain activation, cortisol, dopamine etc). Relatively little research has been conducted to reconcile these discrepancies. We review a recent stress/vulnerability hypothesis of systemic degeneration in schizophrenia. Based on the biophysics of the stress cascade, schizophrenic symptoms are viewed as an end-stage of a cyclic process: prefrontal-limbic systemic degeneration is triggered by environmental stress acting on a pre-existing vulnerability, so that the prefrontal-limbic system can be considered a quantifiable dynamical system evolving under external perturbations. We propose that a nonlinear systems analysis could best address the complex mechanisms of the disease. While dynamics has already successfully addressed regulation of various somatic systems, psychiatry has only started using similar methods to understand mental disorders as complex nonlinear systems. Recent imaging and bioengineering technologies are promoting a fresh research trend, and concepts of nonlinear dynamics (chaos, fractality or bifurcation theory) are now considered a suitable framework for describing the temporal architecture of the brain. We review some of our dynamical approaches to prefrontal-limbic degeneration in schizophrenia, including theoretical modeling and collaborative work with imaging time series from schizophrenia patients. We describe how a latent predisposition can remain dormant until a triggering event activates a threshold in the dynamics of the system (with each individual’s vulnerability setting the threshold level) moving it into an unstable regime. Pharmacological treatment can be used to provide external inhibitory control over the system, but the intrinsic dynamics quite possibly remains in the unstable regime and is more prone to relapses. We finally discuss this work’s overreaching goal: developing a neurophysiology-based quantitative chart of brain architecture profiling, usable by clinicians to complement the current behavior-based DSM diagnostic methods.
Suspended plate antenna array for high power

A suspended plate antenna (SPA) array for a high power application is presented. The application required a compact and light weight antenna with at least 20 percent of impedance bandwidth and 14 dBi of gain as well as a low backlobe over a frequency range of 750 to 850 MHz. A single SPA has a little more than 36 percent impedance bandwidth and 8 to 9 dBi of gain. Forming a 2-dimensional array of four SP As gives an additional 6 dB of gain within a four square foot aperture. The final design meets all design requirements with 37 percent impedance bandwidth from 708 to 964 MHz, 14–15 dBi of gain from 750 to 850 MHz, lightweight aluminum construction, and a compact size, as compared to alternatives, of 24 in. × 24 in × 1.4 in.
Genome-wide RNAi profiling to determine contexts of vulnerability in cancer cells

C53 RNA interference has emerged as a powerful functional genomics technology to perform targeted gene knockdowns and study loss-of-function phenotypes. This has been exploited in various drug discovery and development applications, including target characterization and validation. The availability of reagent libraries has paved the way for genome-wide high throughput screens that have been recently reported by several groups. Here, we report a genome-wide loss-of-function siRNA screen of druggable targets (~7000 genes) in 4 cell lines representing different tumor types and genetic backgrounds. Assay development, validation, primary and confirmation screens were all done using a cell viability readout. Statistical approaches along with integrative analyses of orthogonal datasets (arrayCGH, mutation, expression) were employed to identify ‘essential’ or ‘survival’ genes that upon knockdown caused significant loss of viability in a general or cell-specific context. Wherever possible, genomics data from primary tumor samples has been leveraged to establish clinical relevance. A few examples will be shown and discussed. These ‘contexts of vulnerability/lethality’ provide valuable data in understanding target or pathway dependence and functional consequences. Pending further follow up, these findings are likely to shed light on new targets as well as the development strategy for targeted agents.
Global Digital Culture| The Cultures of Anonymity and Violence in the Mexican Blogosphere

This article analyzes the famous Mexican website El Blog del Narco as symptomatic of the type of publicity common in contemporary Mexico and the manner in which violence has structured the citizen journalism sector of the Mexican blogosphere. The article interrogates how the blog’s mode of production and its reliance on anonymity has propelled the bloggers—in particular, an anonymous blogger who refers herself as “Lucy”—to the level of civic heroes and how a global community of sympathizers made sense of her actions. In this violent context, Lucy has used anonymity as a necessary mechanism to construct a place of trust and safety. In the process, Lucy has embodied the contradictory figure of the anonymous hero. The analysis is indebted to Seyla Benhabib’s classic interrogation of Hanna Arendt’s notions of publicity—in particular, Arendt’s ideas of heroicity and self-disclosure.
Sex-related differences in predicting choledocholithiasis using current American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy risk criteria.

Background American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) criteria is widely used to predict probability of choledocholithiasis among patients with symptomatic gallstone disease but does not take sex into consideration. Methods The cohort study included patients who underwent either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or intraoperative cholangiography for suspected choledocholithiasis at our medical center. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were collected for each patient and used to stratify them based on the ASGE risk criteria for choledocholithiasis. Results A total of 646 patients composed the final study cohort. The composite incidence rate of choledocholithiasis for male and female groups was 47.5% and 46.2% respectively. Total bilirubin (>4 mg/dL), cholangitis, abnormal liver function tests (transaminitis), dilation of the common bile duct (>6 mm) on ultrasound examination, and biliary pancreatitis were individually associated with choledocholithiasis in 73.5%, 68.4%, 61.1%, 60.0%, and 51.7% of males, respectively. Total bilirubin >4 mg/dL and 1.8-4 mg/dL, cholangitis, and transaminitis were individually associated with choledocholithiasis in 82.6%, 64.0%, 58.2%, and 50.0% of females, respectively. The distribution in probability group/incidence of choledocholithiasis was as follows: for males, low probability 3.3%/0%, intermediate probability 56.7%/33.8%), high probability 40%/77.8%; and for females, low probability 5.3%/14.3%, intermediate probability 70.2%/39.6%, high probability 24.5%/72.1%. Conclusions The composite incidence for choledocholithiasis was similar across male and female patients. A significantly higher proportion of females compared to males were in the intermediate probability group. Better sex stratification can help improve the positive and negative predictive values of ASGE risk stratification criteria. Improve patient outcomes and reduce associated healthcare cost. Keywords Gallstones, choledocholithiasis, sex distribution Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30 (6): 682-687
Stability of vertical posture explored with unexpected mechanical perturbations: synergy indices and motor equivalence

We explored the relations between indices of mechanical stability of vertical posture and synergy indices under unexpected perturbations. The main hypotheses predicted higher posture-stabilizing synergy indices and higher mechanical indices of center of pressure stability during perturbations perceived by subjects as less challenging. Healthy subjects stood on a force platform and held in fully extended arms a bar attached to two loads acting downward and upward. One of the loads was unexpectedly released by the experimenter causing a postural perturbations. In different series, subjects either knew or did not know which of the two loads would be released. Forward perturbations were perceived as more challenging and accompanied by co-activation patterns among the main agonist-antagonist pairs. Backward perturbation led to reciprocal muscle activation patterns and was accompanied by indices of mechanical stability and of posture-stabilizing synergy which indicated higher stability. Changes in synergy indices were observed as early as 50-100 ms following the perturbation reflecting involuntary mechanisms. In contrast, predictability of perturbation direction had weak or no effect on mechanical and synergy indices of stability. These observations are interpreted within a hierarchical scheme of synergic control of motor tasks and a hypothesis on the control of movements with shifts of referent coordinates. The findings show direct correspondence between stability indices based on mechanics and on the analysis of multi-muscle synergies. They suggest that involuntary posture-stabilizing mechanisms show synergic organization. They also show that predictability of perturbation direction has strong effects on anticipatory postural adjustment but not corrective adjustments. We offer an interpretation of co-activation patterns that questions their contribution to postural stability.
OR38: CARFIZOMIB FOR REFRACTORY ANTIBODY MEDIATED REJECTION IN LUNG TRANSPLANTATION THE IMPACT ON DSA

Aim Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) after lung transplantation (LTx) is associated with early and severe chronic rejection and death. Conventional therapies consisting of plasma exchange and IVIG with and without Rituximab are partially effective. Newer therapies with proteasome inhibitors (Carfizomib (CFZ) and Bortezomib (BTZ)) that target both B and plasma cells may be more effective in removing the donor specific antibodies (DSA). CFZ, unlike BTZ, irreversibly inhibits the activity of 20S proteasome and results in less neuropathic side effects. Method We evaluated the impact of CFZ therapy in 7 LTx on DSA level and function and correlated with clinical outcome as measured by pulmonary function test. All 7 patients had DSA IgG specificity and titer measured by single antigen bead Luminex assay and DSA function of complement binding by C1q-screen at baseline and at 1 month and 3 months post-treatment. Results The specificity, strengths and C1q reactivity pre- and post-therapy is summarized in Table below. All 7 patients had class II DSA and 6/7 were DQ specific with C1q reactivity. 5/7 LTx responded to initial treatment with a drop in IgG DSA level, with negative C1q DSA reactivity ( 15,000 MFI the IgG DSA was inhibited (“prozone effect”), however IgG DSA significantly increased in the presence of EDTA (LTx 3, 5, 6, 7). Conclusion In this small cohort of LTx who mostly failed conventional therapies and have persistent DSA, CFZ based approach appears to be useful, initially. However, 5/7 LTx recovered their C1q DSA reactivity upon longer follow-up suggesting that one cycle of CFZ it may not be effective to impact the rebound of circulating DSA.
Kapton polyimide-based EEG microelectrode array and interfaces for mice brainwave recordings and analysis

There is a rise in the study of functional connectivity among various cortical regions and investigations to uncover causal links between a stimulus and the corresponding neural dynamics through electrophysiological imaging of the human brain. Animal model that exhibit simplistic representations of such networks open a doorway for such investigations and are gaining rapid popularity. In this study, we investigate and compare resting state network and auditory stimulus related activity with minimal invasive technology along computational spectral analysis on a C57/BL6 based mouse model. Somatosensory, motor and visual cortex are observed to be highly active and significantly correlated (p-value<0.05). Moreover, given the spatial limitation due to small size of the mouse head, we also describe a low-cost and effective fabrication process for the mouse EEG Polyimide Based Microelectrodes (PBM) array. The easy-to-implement fabrication process involves transfer of the pattern on a copper layer of the Kapton film followed by gold electroplating and application of insulation paint. Acoustic stimulation is done by using tube extensions for avoiding electrical coupling to EEG signals. Unlike multi-electrode array type of invasive methods that are local to a cortical region, the methods established in this study can be used for examining functional connectivity analysis, neural dynamics and cortical response at a global level.
Pareto Optimality for Assessing Multimodal Transportation Accessibility: Balancing Equity and Efficiency When Sitting Interventions

Background Travel time as a proxy for spatial accessibility in health care location-allocation studies can be particularly relevant when spatially concentrated population have a repeating pattern of infections, or a shorter return interval for services. This travel time based accessibility study focuses on a population identified as having repeat sexually transmitted infections. This population has been shown to be strongly associated with low socioeconomic status, which often corresponds to substantive reliance on public transit. Public health intervention studies barely consider transit when quantifying accessibility. Moreover, common frameworks used in these studies mostly focus on efficient allocation of services and usually disregard equity issues. Methods This study proposes a Pareto optimality approach to recommend locations that are multimodal accessible and allow equitable and efficient access to services. A simulated at-risk population, drawn from known core areas of repeat sexually transmitted infections in Kalamazoo County, Michigan, is examined. A raster-based drive time and a transit time model were developed using ArcGIS. Bi-objective optimization models were then developed to balance efficiency (by minimizing average travel time of the cohort) and equity (by minimizing variations of travel time from all simulated households). Results This raster-based cost optimization approach successfully identifies potential locations that are efficiently and equitably accessible using different transportation modes. A range of alternative solutions (Pareto frontiers) spatially and statistically enable decision makers to select from multiple locations and assess acceptable limits to travel for a given population. In our example, choosing a location, T2 over T1 means reducing the average travel time by 2.19 minutes by conceding only 11.94% increase in standard deviation of travel time. Additionally, T2 reduces the average travel time by 8.91 minutes and standard deviation by 3.7 minutes when comparing to existing facility location. In general, the spatial area bounded by the minimum average and minimum standard deviation location for a frontier line would represent the constraints to intervention location. The area then becomes a usable metric to measure transit versus private vehicle accessibility. Conclusions Improving spatial access to health facilities is important in reducing the prevalence of disease. Therefore, multimodal accessibility should be emphasized in future intervention placement research. The analysis of individual's travel time from distinct households to facility locations helps to address the inherent mismatch between current statistical methods that require detection of significant densities and the reality of individuals located on a street network or constrained by a particular transportation modality.
Blood Supply of the Anterior Segment

Leber [1] in 1903 first wrote the classical description of the vascular system of the eye; it was mainly based on whole mount specimens injected with India ink or gelatin dye in the blood vessels. Subsequent studies have mostly either confirmed or supplemented his findings.
State Legitimacy and Dynamics of the 1989 Pro-democracy Movement in Beijing

On the morning of April 22, 1989, 7 days after the breakout of the 1989 Pro-Democracy Student Movement in Beijing, a state funeral was held for Hu Yaobang inside the Great Hall of the People, west of Tiananmen Square. The night before, around 50,000 students went into the Square in order to be part of that funeral. Throughout the morning of April 22, the students inside the Square staged various protests, the themes of which were mostly irrelevant to Hu’s funeral. Among the protesting activities, the one that aroused most students’ emotions was the kneeling of three students in front of the Great Hall of the People. They knelt there for over half an hour with a petition in their hands, insisting that premier Li Peng comes out to receive the petition and meet with the students. Yet Li Peng did not appear. The students were distraught; some cried like babies, while others shouted anti-government slogans. The students were so upset that they initiated a citywide general class boycott the following day. The action of kneeling in conjunction with Li Peng’s failed appearance greatly mobilized the emotions of students and changed the course of the movement.
Militant Judgment?: Judicial Ontology, Constitutional Poetics, and 'The Long War'

This Article, a contribution to the Cardozo Law Review symposium in honor of Alain Badiou's Being and Event, uses Badiou's theorizing of the event and of the militant in Being and Event as a basis for an exploration of problems of judicial ontology and constitutional hermeneutics raised in recent decisions by common law courts dealing with the legislative and executive confinement of Islamic asylum seekers, enemy combatants and terrorism suspects, and certain classes of criminal offenders in spaces beyond the doctrines, paradigms and institutions of the criminal law. The Article proposes an ontology and a poetics of judging equal to the demands of the long war, or of post-9/11 constitutionalism on subjects serving on Western Anglophone common law constitutional courts. Drawing in particular on the anti-terrorism control order jurisprudence of Justice Sullivan of the English High Court and the Chapter III judicial power jurisprudence of the Australian High Court, in particular as the latter deals with what is in the U.S.A. euphemistically called the preventive detention of sexually violent predators, and the indefinite detention of Islamic asylum seekers in the aftermath of 9/11, the article concludes that Australian High Court Justice Michael Kirby's recent jurisprudence of dissent instantiates a militant procedure of common law constitutional judging of others. The Article suggests that the transformative praxiological potential of Being and Event lies in the radical uncertainty that this philosophy both implies and depends on, its anxiety, obsession and desire, and that the necessary uncertainty of the subject as to the occurrence of an event is at the heart of what might be the virtues of Badiou's account of being and event for a theory of post-9/11 constitutional judicial ontology. Militant judging recognizes both the constitutional judge's - and constitutionalism's - other, and in judging his equals those others on whom he passes judgment, the militant judge inscribes equality, becomes equal to the event.
The Impact of Control on Learning: Mechanisms of control as drivers of exploration and exploitation

Scholars are increasingly acknowledging the importance of both control and learning to successful organizing, yet no framework has emerged to describe the association between the two. This paper th...
Simultaneous Spectrum Sensing and Energy Harvesting

This paper proposes a new simultaneous spectrum sensing (SS) and energy harvesting (EH) scheme, called integrated SS-EH, where all of the incoming radio-frequency (RF) power is used for EH. Then, SS is performed based on a fraction of the harvested power. The proposed approach does not require a separate energy detector, which needs a power-hungry radio front end. Therefore, the energy consumption and hardware complexity for SS can be reduced significantly. Furthermore, it can increase the harvested energy over the conventional separated SS-EH scheme, where SS and EH are performed separately, and thus, only a fraction of the incoming RF power can be used for EH. The combined benefit of reduced energy consumption for SS and increased energy harvest allows more energy to be available for communication, which results in an increase of the throughput. The probability of false alarm and missed detection, the average harvested energy, and the average throughput are analyzed in Rayleigh fading channel and compared with the conventional separated SS-EH scheme. A mixed SS and EH scheme is proposed in cooperative SS and EH environment where each sensor operates in either the integrated SS-EH or the separated SS-EH mode to improve the sensing accuracy at the fusion center.
Dynamic Beamforming Algorithms for Ultra-directional Terahertz Communication Systems Based on Graphene-based Plasmonic Nano-antenna Arrays

Terahertz-band (0.1 to 10 THz) communication is envisioned as a key wireless technology to satisfy the need for much higher wireless data rates. The use of nanomaterials such as graphene is enabling the development of miniature plasmonic devices, which intrinsically operate in the THz band. In this paper, a new antenna array architecture that leverages the properties of graphene-based plasmonic devices is presented. In the proposed architecture, each element is integrated by a THz plasmonic signal source, a THz plasmonic direct signal modulator, and a THz plasmonic nano-antenna. The very small size of the resulting frontend allows its integration in very dense arrays, which are needed to overcome the very high path-loss at THz frequencies. Moreover, new beamforming strategies at the single element level and at the integrated array level are possible. The performance of the resulting beamforming antenna arrays are derived and numerically investigated by means of electromagnetic simulations.
Optometry outreach for diverse middle school students

A need exists to diversify the optometry field in the United States. Males reflect 50.4 percent of the profession and approximately 97% of optometrist professionals are White and Asian1. This paper will describe Imhotep Academy’s program model, implementation efforts, and preliminary findings of the “Imhotep Academy: Optics of the Eye” session designed to promote optics content, optometry careers, engagement with diverse professionals within the field, and optics hands-on experiences to ethnically and racially diverse middle school students. The paper will analyze students’ awareness and knowledge of optics, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, their proficiencies, and innovations in the optometry field that impact personal health outcomes as well as parent data. Lastly, the paper will provide findings related to students’ self-reported 21st-century learning skills, future STEM engagement in school, and career aspirations. Informal science outreach programs have been found to develop students' awareness and knowledge of STEM careers.
Novel Approach to Robotic Transabdominal Cerclage Utilizing Hand Thrown Knots

Video Objective The objective of this video is to present a novel approach to robotic transabdominal cerclage with the goal of maintaining tactile feedback utilizing a gelport mini device in lieu of a 12 mm robotic assist port. Setting The patient presented is a 29 year old G2P0110 with a history of a prior 16 week loss and a 22 week loss after placement of a history indicated transvaginal cerclage at 13 weeks. Having failed a transvaginal cerclage, the patient desired placement of a transabdominal cerclage to improve pregnancy outcomes. The procedure was performed at a tertiary care center. Interventions Placement of a robotic transabdominal cerclage utilizing a suprapubic gel port mini. Conclusion We demonstrate a novel technique which utilizes a suprapubic gel port mini to allow for hand tied knots at the time of robotic transabdominal cerclage placement. The surgeon is able to utilize tactile feedback ensuring both proper cerclage placement and sufficiently tied knots.
A testing procedure for studying pulse rate, weight, and temperature during the menstrual cycle.

Abstract This methodology study was to determine if testing subjects on a specific day of four phases of the menstrual cycle would yield results which would be comparable to testing subjects on each day of the corresponding phases of the cycle and if the test results of one cycle would be comparable to those of two consecutive cycles. A statistical comparison of the mean scores for a specific day of each phase of the cycle and the mean scores for the average of all days for each phase of the cycle was made for pulse rate before exercise, pulse rate after exercise, and the difference in the pulse rate before and after exercise, or pulse rate increase. None of the t ratios obtained were significant. A statistical comparison was also made for the mean scores for two mentrual cycles for pulse rate before and after exercise, pulse rate increases, weight, and temperature. None of the t ratios were significant. It was concluded that testing subjects on a specific day of each of four phases of one menstrual cycle...
Implicit 4DVar Particle Filter State Estimation of Dynamic Power Systems: Preliminary Results

Dynamic state estimation for near real-time applications in power systems is becomingly increasingly important with the integration of variable wind and solar power generation that can be employed even at disaster conditions. New advanced state estimation tools that will replace the old generation must be developed in a general mathematical framework to assess complexity tradeoffs and addressing nonlinearity and non-normal behaviour while exploiting legacy software. Such a framework must also satisfy the power industry requirement for cautious evolutionary change rather than a revolutionary approach. Implicit Particle Filtering (IPF) is a sequential Monte Carlo method for data assimilation that uses an implicit step to select particles from the high-probability region of the implicit distribution. This work develops the formulation of IPF as for the estimation of the states of a power system and presents the first IPF application study on a power system state estimation. The approach is analyzed using a simulation of a three-node benchmark power system. For implicit function four dimensional variational data assimilation is used. The proposed algorithm is also non-intrusive for communications since the algorithm developed will have the flexibility to address multilevel heterogeneous wireless networks in the integration of different data packets.
Does Dipolar Motion of Organic Cations Affect Polaron Dynamics and Bimolecular Recombination in Halide Perovskites

The role of dipolar motion of organic cations in the A-sites of halide perovskites has been debated in an effort to understand why these materials possess such remarkable properties. Here, we show ...
The role of hepatic cytochrome P450s in the cytotoxicity of sertraline

Sertraline, an antidepressant, is commonly used to manage mental health symptoms related to depression, anxiety disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The use of sertraline has been associated with rare but severe hepatotoxicity. Previous research demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress were involved in sertraline-associated cytotoxicity. In this study, we reported that after a 24-h treatment in HepG2 cells, sertraline caused cytotoxicity, suppressed topoisomerase I and IIα, and damaged DNA in a concentration-dependent manner. We also investigated the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism in sertraline-induced toxicity using our previously established HepG2 cell lines individually expressing 14 CYPs (1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4, 3A5, and 3A7). We demonstrated that CYP2D6, 2C19, 2B6, and 2C9 metabolize sertraline, and sertraline-induced cytotoxicity was significantly decreased in the cells expressing these CYPs. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the induction of ɣH2A.X (a hallmark of DNA damage) and topoisomerase inhibition were partially reversed in CYP2D6-, 2C19-, 2B6-, and 2C9-overexpressing HepG2 cells. These data indicate that DNA damage and topoisomerase inhibition are involved in sertraline-induced cytotoxicity and that CYPs-mediated metabolism plays a role in decreasing the toxicity of sertraline.
Paired Electrical Pulse Trains for Controlling Connectivity in Emotion-Related Brain Circuitry

Neurostimulation therapies for psychiatric disorders often have limited clinical efficacy. The limited efficacy might arise from a mismatch between therapy and disease mechanisms. Mental disorders are believed to arise from communication breakdown in distributed brain circuits, and thus altering connectivity between brain regions might be an effective way to restore normal brain communication. Synchronized neural oscillations (coherence) and synaptic strength are two common measures of brain connectivity. In this work, we developed an electrical stimulation method for altering narrow-frequency-band (theta, 5–8 Hz) coherence and synaptic strength. We tested this method in a circuit between infralimbic cortex (IL) and basolateral amygdala (BLA), which is broadly implicated in fear regulation. 6 Hz pulse trains were delivered into IL and BLA with various inter-train lags. These paired trains induced long-lasting synaptic strength change and a brief coherence enhancement in the IL-BLA circuit. This enhancement was specific to the “top-down” (IL-to-BLA) direction, and only occurred when the IL and BLA pulse trains had a relative lag of 180° (83 ms). Since the IL-BLA connection is known to be highly relevant to fear regulation, this method provides a tool to study the relationship between brain connectivity and fear behaviors. Further, it may be a new approach to study the relative roles of synaptic strength and oscillatory synchrony in brain network communication.