cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of daily sacrifice motives: Accuracy, bias, outcomes, and moderators

Abstract The current study examined accuracy and bias in perceptions of a partner’s daily approach and avoidance sacrifice motives, associations of bias with daily sacrificer and perceiver relationship quality, and moderators of accuracy (gender, relationship length, daily stress). 94 cohabiting couples completed daily measures of sacrifice (N = 375 days), stress, relationship satisfaction, and closeness. People showed evidence of accuracy for partner sacrifice motives, but accuracy for approach sacrifice depended on relationship length. People underperceived partner sacrifice motives; underperception of approach sacrifice was associated with greater sacrificer closeness, while overperception of approach sacrifice and overperception of avoidance sacrifice was associated with greater perceiver closeness, although these effects were small. Gender and stress did not moderate tracking accuracy or mean-level bias.
Stabilization of the Adjoint for Turbulent Flows

Traditional adjoint variables grow exponentially for turbulent chaotic flows. Most proposed methods (for example. ensemble adjoint, shadow-based, and unstable-subspace-based approaches, etc.) are c...
Deficiency of MMP1a (Matrix Metalloprotease 1a) Collagenase Suppresses Development of Atherosclerosis in Mice: Translational Implications for Human Coronary Artery Disease.

Objective Destruction of arterial collagen allows monocyte and macrophage infiltration leading to atherosclerotic plaque formation, but it is not clear what role the MMP1 (matrix metalloprotease 1) collagenase plays in this process in vivo. To define the specific contribution of MMP1 to atherosclerotic plaque burden and pathogenesis, we generated ApoE-/- mice deficient in the human MMP1 ortholog, MMP1a. Approach and Results: After 12 to 16 weeks of Western diet, genetic loss of MMP1a resulted in a significant 50% reduction in total aortic plaque burden compared with control ApoE-/- mice. MMP1a deficiency led to significant reductions in plaque monocytes/macrophages, SMCs, and necrosis, with increases in collagen content. Collagen invasion of oxidized-LDL (low-density lipoprotein) activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MMP1a-deficient mice was markedly attenuated and was similar to suppressive effects with pharmacological inhibitors of MMP1 and its receptor, PAR1 (protease-activated receptor 1). Patients with coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome undergoing cardiac catheterization in the TRIP-PCI trial were evaluated for circulating levels of all 3 major secreted collagenases, MMP1, MMP8, and MMP13 and total number of coronary lesions with ≥50% stenosis (coronary artery disease burden). MMP1 was significantly (P Conclusions These data provide evidence for an important role for the MMP1a collagenase in atherosclerotic lesion development and leukocyte behavior and validate MMP1 as a compelling target in patients with coronary artery disease/acute coronary syndrome. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02561000.
Quantifying multipoint ordering in alloys

A central problem in multicomponent lattice systems is to systematically quantify multipoint ordering. Ordering in such systems is often described in terms of pairs, even though this is not sufficient when three-point and higher-order interactions are included in the Hamiltonian. Current models and parameters for multipoint ordering are often only applicable for very specific cases or require approximating a subset of correlated occupational variables on a lattice as being uncorrelated. In this paper, cluster order parameters are introduced to systematically quantify arbitrary multipoint ordering motifs in substitutional systems through direct calculations of normalized cluster probabilities. These parameters can describe multipoint chemical ordering in crystal systems with multiple sublattices, multiple components, and systems with reduced symmetry. These are defined in this paper and applied to quantify four-point chemical ordering motifs in platinum/palladium alloy nanoparticles that are of practical interest to the synthesis of catalytic nanocages. Impacts of chemical ordering on nanocage stability are discussed. It is demonstrated that approximating four-point probabilities from superpositions of lower-order pair probabilities is not sufficient in cases where three- and four-body terms are included in the energy expression. Conclusions about the formation mechanisms of nanocages may change significantly when using common pair approximations.
The surface acoustic wave propagation characteristics of 64/spl deg/ Y-X LiNbO/sub 3/ and 36/spl deg/ Y-X LiTaO/sub 3/ substrates with thin-film SiO/sub 2/

The SAW characteristics of thin-film sputtered silicon dioxide (SiO/sub 2/) on substrates of 64/spl deg/ Y-X lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/) and 36/spl deg/ Y-X lithium tantalate (LiTaO/sub 3/) have been measured in the frequency range from 30 MHz to above 1.0 GHz. Silicon dioxide films in the 500 nm to 2000 nm thickness range were deposited by RF diode sputtering. The SAW velocity, propagation loss, capacitance ratio (C/sub m//C/sub 0/), and temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF), were measured using thin-film aluminum interdigital electrodes patterned on the upper film surface. The presence of the SiO/sub 2/ initially stiffened the substrate surfaces before softening the surface with increasing thickness. The SAW propagation loss values showed a minimum at film-thickness to acoustic-wavelength ratios (t//spl lambda/) in the 0.02 to 0.08 region. The TCF improved but C/sub m//C/sub 0/ decreased with increasing t//spl lambda/ ratio.
The metabolism of myosin and the meromyosins from rabbit skeletal muscle.

Abstract Fasted adult rabbits were given intravenous injections of a mixture of dl-phenylalanine-3-14C, dl-tyrosine-3-14C, dl-arginine-5-14C, and dl-lysine-1-14C or a mixture of uniformly labeled 14C-l-arginine, 14C-l-lysine, and 14C-l-phenylalanine. The animals were sacrificed at various times between 30 min and 24 hours, and a nonprotein amino acid fraction and myosin were isolated from skeletal muscle. Myosin was subjected to brief tryptic hydrolysis and the resulting heavy and light meromyosins (HMM and LMM) were isolated and purified. LMM Fr. I was prepared from LMM. After complete acid hydrolysis of myosin, HMM, and LMM Fr. I, arginine, lysine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine residues were isolated from the hydrolysates by ion exchange chromatography. The specific radioactivities of these residues were determined in the three proteins. Maximal amino acid incorporation occurred in the first 6 hours. The turnover ratios of the 14C-amino acid residues were determined and found to be essentially constant in all of the protein fractions, a finding which fails to support earlier evidence for a significant difference in the rate of replacement of amino acid residues in the meromyosins. The results support the view that the heavy and light meromyosins derived from myosin are synthesized at similar rates. The metabolic turnover time of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin and the meromyosins was found to be approximately 29 days.
Abstract T P15: Could Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis Safely Enhance Efficacy of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke?

Background: Occlusion of large intracranial arteries is associated with disability and death. In this study we assess whether intra-arterial thrombolysis(IAT) safely enhances efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy. Method: We studied consecutive patients with acute large vessel occlusion. We compared 2 groups:(1) thrombectomy plus IAT and(2) thrombectomy alone (non-IAT). Recanalization was defined by TIMI ≥ 2. Results: Between 12/2007 and 10/2012, 87 patients(age 67±16years) received 88 thrombectomy procedures. The median admission NIHSS was18. Forty six cases were treated IAT. Overall recanalization was 60%. Recanalization was seen more frequently in cases using IAT (72%) compared to non-IAT(48%)( p=0.02 ). IAT tended to associate with fewer numbers of arterial attempts than non-IAT (2.37±1.76 vs. 3.07± 1.98) (p=0.08) but longer procedure duration(119± 53 minutes vs. 90± 55 minutes)( p=0.02 ). The rate of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation, in-hospital and 3 month mortality rates were not significantly different between IAT and non-IAT(p=0.90, p=0.99 and p=0.72), respectively. Conclusions: During mechanical thrombectomy, IAT is associated with increased recanalization rate and longer procedure duration. Mechanical thrombectomy with concomitant IAT appeared relatively safe. ![][1] ![][2] ![][3] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/graphic-3.gif
Delay based channel allocations in multi-hop cognitive radio networks

Delay issue is a challenge in multi-hop cognitive radio networking because of the dynamic change of channels available to the cognitive radio nodes. To address this challenge, we propose a channel allocation and rate allocation scheme with low complexity in this paper. Our scheme is flexible so that it can react to the dynamic change of channel availability, and it can minimize the delay by considering the primary user activities. First, we model the primary users' activity, channel availability and the interference among the cognitive radio nodes in a cognitive radio network environment, and show how to implement a channel allocation algorithm and a rate allocation scheme in multi-hop cognitive radio networks. Second, we formulate an optimization problem to minimize the end-to-end delay of the network. We consider the channel availability constraint and the primary user activities jointly, and analyze the end-to-end delay in multi-hop cognitive radio networks. In order to reduce the computing complexity, we propose a graph coloring based channel allocation and rate selection algorithm using gradient descent method. Furthermore, we show the performance of our schemes and compare them with existing schemes for different scenarios of channel availability and number of channels through simulations. Our work brings insights on how to make rate selection and channel allocation in multi-hop cognitive radio networks.
When Art Informs Inviting Ways to See the Unexpected

In this essay I consider the arts—created and performed by artists with disabilities—as a site of productive knowledge for educators willing to interrogate the limits of scientific ways of understa...
A 22 dBm, 0.6 mm&#x000B2; D-Band SiGe HBT Power Amplifier Using Series Power Combining Sub-Quarter-Wavelength Baluns

We present a two-stage D-band power amplifier with stacked HBTs and sub-quarter-wavelength baluns as an efficient and compact series power combining technique which leads to a small die area of 0.62 mm&#x000B2; and a record 254 mW/mm&#x000B2; output power per unit die area. The power amplifier has been fabricated in a 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and produces more than 21 dBm output power over the frequency range of 114-130 GHz with a peak output power of 160 mW (&#126;22 dBm) at 120 GHz and a 3-dB small signal bandwidth of 35 GHz. To the author's knowledge, this is the highest recorded power for Si/SiGe BiCMOS process above 100 GHz. This amount of output power is 32% higher than highest prior work while the chip area is 13% the size of that work.
On the Strength of Kagome Structure for Multifunctional Materials

From its intrinsic multiple phases, a composite with optimally designed microstructure is considered as one of ideal candidates for multifunctional materials. A structural optimization method (topology optimazation) was utilized to determine the optimal microstructure for multiple properties. From the optimization method which allows identifying the connectivity and shape of material phases in a composite, certain optimal structures have been found in the form of kagome lattice pattern. Numerical simulation and experimental test verified the kagome structures possess superior performance on transport properties and mechanical strength. I suggest their wide applications as a new class of multifunctional material in various length scales.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The Effect of Sensitometric Response on the Geometric Characteristics of Photographically Recorded Digital Data

Continued improvement in the performance, both brightness and diameter control, of the spot of the annotator (CRT) has made precision under-exposure unnecessary in order to maintain the proper dot-geometry on the negative. The requirement that not only the negative, but also the positive, be machine-readable has required a reconsideration of the analytical expression for the density-exposure characteristics of various films. A new model of this characteristic is presented. This model is accurate from very low densities to densities well above the point of inflection, and has been used to calculate exposure times, maximum density attainable, and dot-profiles with accuracy sufficient for annotator systems engineering purposes.
Improved recovery of methionine after acid hydrolysis using mercaptoethanol.

Abstract The variable fate and overall poor recovery of methionine sulfoxide during acid hydrolysis (plus its coelution with aspartic acid in the rapidelution analyzer system) prevent accurate quantitation of the original content of methionine in a protein or peptide. As much as 65% of the methionine sulfoxide is not recovered as methionine or other derivatives that can be adequately quantitated. We have found that addition of mercaptoethanol to the 5.7 N HCl at 1:2000 (v/v) provides essentially quantitative conversion of the sulfoxide to methionine during hydrolysis, thereby providing a reproducible, accurate estimation of the true concentration of the amino acid in a polypeptide. Recovery of the other amino acids commonly found in protein hydrolyzates is not deleteriously affected by mercaptoethanol; in fact, the procedure improves recovery of tyrosine and certain other labile amino acid residues as well as methionine.
A SIMULTANEOUS CONFIDENCE BAND FOR SPARSE LONGITUDINAL REGRESSION

Functional data analysis has received considerable recent attention and a number of successful applications have been reported. In this paper, asymp- totically simultaneous confidence bands are obtained for the mean function of the functional regression model, using piecewise constant spline estimation. Simulation experiments corroborate the asymptotic theory. The confidence band procedure is illustrated by analyzing CD4 cell counts of HIV infected patients.
Macroscopic seismic anomalies and submarine pockmarks in the Corinth–Patras rift, Greece

Prior to the Aigion earthquake (M 6.2) of 15 June 1995 in the western Gulf of Corinth, people in the area observed anomalous phenomena, including bubbling of the sea, extraordinary behavior of animals, earthquake lights, ground deformation, and the sound of wind immediately before the shock. Some precursory phenomena of this kind might be understood as symptoms of gas venting before an earthquake. Sonar observations made in 1988 showed a chain of submarine pockmarks tracing the Aigion Fault and evidently produced by the expulsion of fluids under pressure. T. Hasiotis et al. [Mar. Geol. 130, 333–344] reported that hot gas erupted from a field of giant submarine pockmarks in the neighboring Bay of Patras several hours prior to an earthquake in 1993. Automated monitoring of bottom water temperature in submarine pockmark fields may detect outgassing events prior to earthquakes in this region.
The relative importance of needs among traumatized and non-traumatized samples

Typically, people rate enhancement needs as more important than security needs to their well-being. Two studies tested whether event valence and prior trauma moderate relative need importance. Traumatized (hurricane survivors) and non-traumatized (control) participants recalled the most “distressing” (security-relevant) or “satisfying” (enhancement-relevant) event they had recently experienced and rated the importance of 10 needs in defining the event. In both studies, event valence moderated relative need importance on explicit (salience) and implicit (affect) measures as enhancement needs were more important for enhancement-relevant (satisfying) events whereas security needs were more important for security-relevant (distressing) events. However, results also suggest that differences in traumatic experience across samples moderated the effect of event valence on relative need importance. Unlike non-traumatized (control) participants, traumatized (hurricane survivors) participants did not reassign greater importance to enhancement over security needs when event valence shifted to enhancement-relevant (satisfying) memories. We close by discussing implications for human motivation.
Detecting chance: A solution to the null sensitivity problem in subliminal priming

In many paradigms, the persuasiveness of subliminal priming relies on establishing that stimuli are undetectable. The standard significance test approach is ill-suited as null results may reflect either truly undetectable stimuli or a lack of power to resolve weakly detectable stimuli. We present a novel statistical model as an alternative. The model provides for estimates of the probability that each individual is truly at chance. Researchers may select individuals for whom there are sufficiently high probabilities of true undetectability. The model is hierarchical, and estimation is done within the Bayesian framework.
G Protein Coupled Receptors in Embryonic Stem Cells: A Role for Gs-Alpha Signaling

Background Identification of receptor mediated signaling pathways in embryonic stem (ES) cells is needed to facilitate strategies for cell replacement using ES cells. One large receptor family, largely uninvestigated in ES cells, is G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). An important role for these receptors in embryonic development has been described, but little is known about GPCR expression in ES cells.
Transition between quantum coherence and incoherence

We show that a transformed Caldeira-Leggett Hamiltonian has two distinct families of fixed points rather than a single unique fixed point as often conjectured based on its connection to the anisotropic Kondo model. The two families are distinguished by a sharp qualitative difference in their quantum coherence properties and we argue that this distinction is best understood as the result of a transition in the model between degeneracy and nondegeneracy in the spectral function of the ``spin-flip'' operator.
Religious Minorities and Persistence at a Systemic Religiously-Affiliated University

There is paucity in the professional literature regarding the religious minority in religiously affiliated colleges and universities. This exploratory study analyzed one conservative private religiously affiliated university and the persistence rates of both the religious majority and religious minority. Crosstabs and chi-square analysis indicated a significant difference in persistence from the freshman to sophomore year between college students who identify with the religion affiliated with the school and those students who do not. A review of the retention literature and implications of these findings on future research are discussed.
Respiratory epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity

The epithelial surfaces of the lungs are in direct contact with the environment and are subjected to dynamic physical forces as airway tubes and alveoli are stretched and compressed during ventilation. Mucociliary clearance in conducting airways, reduction of surface tension in the alveoli, and maintenance of near sterility have been accommodated by the evolution of a multi-tiered innate host-defense system. The biophysical nature of pulmonary host defenses are integrated with the ability of respiratory epithelial cells to respond to and 'instruct' the professional immune system to protect the lungs from infection and injury.
Nonzero vacuums in non-Abelian gauge theory and infrared divergence

Nonzero vacuums in non-Abelian gauge theory are introduced, and the gauge transformation between them, the vacuum translation transformation, is defined. Using the fact that the asymptotic freedom of non-Abelian gauge theory allows the exact calculation of the renormalization constants we show that in the complete theory (infinite order in perturbation theory) the renormalized vacuum translation transformation exists and leaves the renormalized, gauge-fixed Lagrangian invariant. It follows that complete $N$-point, one-particle-irreducible vertex functions evaluated at the zero vacuum vanish identically as long as at least one of the external momenta vanishes. This result implies that the problem of infrared divergences in non-Abelian gauge theories may not be as severe as previously expected.
Lowland–upland migration of sauropod dinosaurs during the Late Jurassic epoch

Apart from a few fossilized footprints, there is little solid evidence for dinosaur migration — until now. Comparison of the oxygen isotope ratios of sedimentary carbonates from the Morrison basin of western North America with those of carbonate from camarasaurid dinosaur teeth suggests that they drank water that fell in mountainous regions, so must have undertaken migrations between lowlands and mountainous areas about 300 kilometres apart. Sauropod dinosaurs were the largest vertebrates ever to walk the Earth, and as mega-herbivores they were important parts of terrestrial ecosystems. In the Late Jurassic-aged Morrison depositional basin of western North America, these animals occupied lowland river-floodplain settings characterized by a seasonally dry climate1,2. Massive herbivores with high nutritional and water needs could periodically experience nutritional and water stress under these conditions, and thus the common occurrence of sauropods in this basin has remained a paradox. Energetic arguments and mammalian analogues have been used to suggest that migration allowed sauropods access to food and water resources over a wide region or during times of drought or both3,4, but there has been no direct support for these hypotheses. Here we compare oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) of tooth-enamel carbonate from the sauropod Camarasaurus with those of ancient soil, lake and wetland (that is, ‘authigenic’) carbonates that formed in lowland settings. We demonstrate that certain populations of these animals did in fact undertake seasonal migrations of several hundred kilometres from lowland to upland environments. This ability to describe patterns of sauropod movement will help to elucidate the role that migration played in the ecology and evolution of gigantism of these and associated dinosaurs.
Diverse Gene-Silencing Mechanisms with Distinct Requirements for RNA Polymerase Subunits in Zea mays

In Zea mays, transcriptional regulation of the b1 (booster1) gene requires a distal enhancer and MEDIATOR OF PARAMUTATION1 (MOP1), MOP2, and MOP3 proteins orthologous to Arabidopsis components of the RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway. We compared the genetic requirements for MOP1, MOP2, and MOP3 for endogenous gene silencing by two hairpin transgenes with inverted repeats of the a1 (anthocyaninless1) gene promoter (a1pIR) and the b1 gene enhancer (b1IR), respectively. The a1pIR transgene induced silencing of endogenous A1 in mop1-1 and mop3-1, but not in Mop2-1 homozygous plants. This finding suggests that transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) circumvented the requirement for MOP1, a predicted RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and MOP3, the predicted largest subunit of RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV). Because the Arabidopsis protein orthologous to MOP2 is the second largest subunit of Pol IV and V, our results may indicate that hairpin-induced siRNAs cannot bypass the requirement for the predicted scaffolding activity of Pol V. In contrast to a1pIR, the b1IR transgene silenced endogenous B1 in all three homozygous mutant genotypes—mop1-1, Mop2-1, and mop3-1—suggesting that transgene mediated b1 silencing did not involve MOP2-containing Pol V complexes. Based on the combined results for a1, b1, and three previously described loci, we propose a speculative hypothesis of locus-specific deployment of Pol II, MOP2-containing Pol V, or alternative versions of Pol V with second largest subunits other than MOP2 to explain the mechanistic differences in silencing at specific loci, including one example associated with paramutation.
The Mechanical Properties of a Ni-30Al-20Fe-0.05Zr Intermetallic Alloy in the Temperature Range 300-1200 K

Tensile tests were conducted on an extruded Ni-30(at. pct)Al-20Fe-0.05Zr intermetallic alloy in the temperature range 300-1200 K, and the microstructures were characterized by optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The alloy did not exhibit any room temperature ductility and failed by transgranular cleavage at a stress of about 710 MPa. This mode of fracture was observed at and below 873 K with the total ductility being less than 2.5 percent. However, the failure mode changed to dimpled fracture, triple point cracking, and rupture above 873 K. Scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces revealed that transgranular cleavage failure had always originated at preexisting defects. In these cases, the fracture stress exhibited a good correlation with the defect size, in accordance with linear elastic fracture mechanics, where the critical stress intensity factor was estimated to be about 4 MPa sq rt m.
Enhanced analysis of metastatic prostate cancer using stable isotopes and high mass accuracy instrumentation

The primary goal of proteomics is to gain a better understanding of biological function at the protein expression level. As the field matures, numerous technologies are being developed to aid in the identification, quantification and characterization of protein expression and post-translational modifications on a near-global scale. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture is one such technique that has shown broad biological applications. While we have recently shown the application of this technology to a model of metastatic prostate cancer, we now report a substantial improvement in quantitative analysis using a linear ion-trap Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (LTQ FT) and novel quantification software. This resulted in the quantification of nearly 1400 proteins, a greater than 3-fold increase in comparison to our earlier study. This dramatic increase in proteome coverage can be attributed to (1) use of a double-labeling strategy, (2) greater sensitivity, speed and mass accuracy provided by the LTQ FT mass spectrometer, and (3) more robust quantification software. Finally, by using a concatenated target/decoy protein database for our peptide searches, we now report these data in the context of an estimated false-positive rate of one percent.
Bringing together an ocean of information: An extensible data integration framework for biological oceanography

As increasing volumes and varieties of data are becoming available online, the challenges of accessing and using heterogeneous data resources are growing. We have developed a mediator-based data integration system called Cartel for biological oceanography data. A mediation approach is appropriate in cases where a single central warehouse is not desirable, such as when the needed data sources change frequently through time, or when there are advantages for holding heterogeneous data in their native formats. Through Cartel, data sources of a variety of types can be registered to the system, and users can query against simplified virtual schemas, without needing to know the underlying schema and computational capabilities of each data source. The system can operate on a variety of relational and geospatial data formats, and can perform joins between formats. We tested the performance of the Cartel mediator in two biological oceanography application areas, and found that the system was able to support the variety of data types needed in a typical ecology study, but that the response times were unacceptably slow when very large databases (i.e. Ocean Biogeographic Information System and the World Ocean Atlas) were used. Indexing and caching are currently being added to the system to improve response times. The mediator is an open-source product, and was developed to be a generic, extensible component available to projects developing oceanography data systems.
Full Study of a Precise and Practical Harmonic Elimination Method for Multilevel Inverters

Multilevel inverters have been widely used in medium and high voltage applications. Selective harmonics elimination for the staircase voltage waveform generated by multilevel inverters has been studied extensively in the last decade. Most published methods on this topic aimed at solving high-order multi-variable polynomial equation groups derived from Fourier series expansion. A totally different approach based on equal area criteria and harmonics injection in the modulation waveform is fully studied in this paper. Regardless how many voltage levels are involved, only four simple equations are involved in the basic method. The problems of the basic method are identified and discussed. A full set of solutions is proposed. The results of a case study with maximum five switching angles show that the proposed method can be used with excellent harmonics elimination performance for the modulation index range from 0.2 to 0.9.
A peptide photoaffinity probe specific for the active conformation of the Abl tyrosine kinase.

The design of sensors to monitor the activity state of specific protein kinases is challenging due to the complexity of eukaryotic kinomes. Here we describe a peptide-based photaffinity probe that specifically labels the active conformation of the Abl tyrosine kinase.
Open Focus Attention Training

This article describes the role of attention training and brainwave synchrony training in the resolution of stress- and pain-related symptoms. It describes the origin of Open Focus attention training as it was distilled from observations of space-generated brain wave activity. It provides a map of the various attentional styles and associated EEG activity.
Development of a preclinical model for hormonal therapy of human endometrial carcinomas.

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy. Progestins are widely used in the treatment of advanced and metastatic disease with about 20–40% response rate. Attempts to develop a predictive test for progestin-sensitivlty of endometrial cancers are plagued by the problems of steroid receptor instability and the heterogeneous distribution of progesterone receptor. Successful development of a nude mouse model for human endometrial carcinoma has permitted a detailed Investigation of the biological behaviour, hormonal modulation and resistance to progestin therapy. Use of this preclinical model should enhance our understanding of the hormonal mechanisms and lead to improved rational treatment strategies for this malignancy.
The female athlete triad: a terrible trio implications for primary care.

Purpose To describe the components of the female athlete triad, including definitions and clinical criteria for diagnosis, methods of screening, and treatment options. Data Sources Selected scientific literature; standard diagnostic guidelines. Conclusions The female athlete triad is a cascading event consisting of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. This disorder can occur in any sport but is seen most often in events that emphasize thinness and appearance such as gymnastics, ballet, and diving. It can often go unrecognized and result in irreversible bone loss and possible death. Implications for Practice Primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) may be the first health care professionals encountering these females; they need to recognize the risk factors and institute a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The treatment team should be composed of the patient, the NP, a dietitian, a psychologist, psychiatrist, or psychiatric nurse specialist, and the patient's family, coaches, and trainers.
Psammomatoid and trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma: two distinct radiologic entities

Objective Evaluate and compare the radiologic features of psammomatoid versus trabecular variants of juvenile ossifying fibromas. Study Design Twelve of fifteen cases of juvenile ossifying fibroma of the craniofacial bones, retrieved from our pathology archives for the period between 2002 and 2013, had available preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. The radiologic features of each case were analyzed and compared by two neuroradiologists and one oral and maxillofacial radiologist, each blinded to the histopathologic diagnosis. Results Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) exhibited a ground-glass pattern, as an outer mantle with central radiolucency, a single mural nodule, or a solid homogeneous mass. The trabecular variant presented as a radiolucent lesion with irregular, scattered calcifications. Both variants displayed a well-defined border. Conclusion This study demonstrates that psammomatoid and trabecular juvenile ossifying fibromas exhibit unique radiologic features that allow for distinction between the two variants on CT studies.
Domestic violence and psychopathic traits: distinguishing the antisocial batterer from other antisocial offenders.

The proliferation of specialized domestic batterer treatment programs suggests that batterers differ from other offenders in important ways. The psychopathic personality represents a constellation of personality traits, which may be relevant to the differentiation of batterers from other offenders. In a sample of 172 county jail inmates, we examined whether antisocial batterers can be distinguished from the larger pool of antisocial offenders on the basis of the four-facet model of psychopathy identified for the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Batterer/non-batterer status was positively related to the PCL-R affective facet and negatively related to the lifestyle facet, but there was no significant relationship between PCL-R total scores and this criterion. Results suggest that antisocial batterers are characterized by deficient affective experience and by reduced impulsivity and irresponsibility compared with other antisocial offenders. Implications are discussed in light of specialized treatments for batterers. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–8, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Numerical simulation of salt precipitation in the fractures of a CO2-enhanced geothermal system

Abstract The development of enhanced geothermal systems using CO 2 (CO 2 -EGS) is a promising idea for expanding geothermal energy production (especially in areas with scarce water resources) when large supplies of captured anthropogenic CO 2 may be available in the future. Implementing this concept relies on replacing the natural geothermal brine in the reservoir with injected CO 2 to achieve enhanced energy recovery, and raises the questions of the fate of dissolved salts in the brine as CO 2 dries out the system, and how any precipitated salt could affect fluid flow. In this case, a new TOUGH2 equation of state module (ECO 2 H) was used to simulate CO 2 injection in an EGS with a brine system comprised of H 2 O and NaCl. This so called CO 2 -EGS reservoir is at a depth of 3.5–4.5 km with normal pressure (hydrostatic) and temperature (160–200 °C) gradients. A classic “five-well” geometry is assumed in our 706 m × 706 m × 1 km block, of which only one eighth of the area needs to be modeled due to symmetry. The fractured EGS reservoir was modeled using the multiple interacting continua (MINC) conceptual model with fracture spacing of 10 m. Dry CO 2 was injected at the bottom of the initially brine-saturated reservoir and hot fluids were produced from the top of the reservoir. Simulations show that the brine contained in the fractures is produced initially, and only a few weeks later, the CO 2 plume breaks through at the production well. The two-phase nature of flow at this time causes a reduction in flow rate. Fluid production increases again as the reservoir dries out and the injected CO 2 fills the fractures (and more slowly the matrix). As the produced fluid becomes single-phase CO 2 , energy production is enhanced. For salt mass fractions of the order of 0.01 (salinity of 10,000 ppm), total heat produced during the lifetime of the well (about 6 years) is 270% more than that achievable with H 2 O as the working fluid. This result is probably at the lower end of what had been previously suggested by Randolph and Saar (2011) . Simulation results show that as the brine is driven out of the matrix by capillary pressure, H 2 O evaporates into the CO 2 plume and salt precipitates in the fractures clogging up the flow system. At the highest salt mass fraction modeled here (0.15), enhanced energy production is inhibited by halite precipitation in the fractures. Our simulations suggest that for low-salinity systems, significant clogging occurs close to the production well after less than 10 years, while at high salinities clogging occurs close to the injection well in less than one year. Even though clogging of the reservoir is an apparently inevitable consequence of the drying of the saline geothermal reservoir, the fact that clogging occurs in specific reservoir regions could imply that remediation strategies could be developed to mitigate clogging.
Estrogen Receptor-β and Fetoplacental Endothelial Prostanoid Biosynthesis: A Link to Clinically Demonstrated Fetal Growth Restriction

Context: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) due to placental dysfunction impacts short- and long-term neonatal outcomes. Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry indicating elevated fetoplacental vascular resistance has been associated with fetal morbidity and mortality. Estrogen receptors are regulators of vasomotor tone, and fetoplacental endothelium expresses estrogen receptor-β (ESR2) as its sole estrogen receptor. Objective: Our objective was to elucidate the mechanism whereby ESR2 regulates placental villous endothelial cell prostanoid biosynthesis. Design and Participants: We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of human placental specimens and studies of primary fetoplacental endothelial cells isolated from subjects with uncomplicated pregnancies. Main Outcome Measures: We evaluated in vivo levels of ESR2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) in villous endothelial cells from fetuses with or without FGR and/or abnormal umbilical artery Doppler indices and in vitro effects of ESR2 on prostanoid biosynthe...
Consumer Legislation: A Proactive or Reactive Response to Consumerism?:

The number and rate of development of new consumer legislation necessitates the evaluation of existing legislation. This paper summarizes and categorizes, in detail, the impact of select pieces of consumer legislation on consumer decision making. It is an implied objective of the paper to provide a perspective for future public policy formulation. The pieces of legislation evaluated in the paper are: (1) unit pricing; (2) product labeling; and (3) disclosure of interest rate provisions for consumer credit. The impact of these pieces of legislation have been minimal, indicating the need for an educational program for consumers.
Ultrasonic Behavior near the Spin-Flop Transition of Cr 2 O 3

The attenuation of longitudinal and shear ultrasonic waves exhibits a peak at the spin-flop transition of ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. This peak is attributed to the presence of antiferromagnetic domains near the transition. The attenuation peak for longitudinal waves is accompanied by a dip in the phase velocity. The temperature variation of the spin-flop-transition field ${H}_{\mathrm{sf}}$ was measured from 4.2 to 305\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and is in very good agreement with earlier differential magnetization data obtained by Foner and Hou. At 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, ${H}_{\mathrm{sf}}=60.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$ kG, whereas at 305\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, ${H}_{\mathrm{sf}}=121.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$ kG.
Surfactant effects on the physical properties of mesoporous silica and silicates

Abstract Mesostructured silicas and silicates have been synthesized using hydrogels with molar composition: M:26.0SiO 2 :5.2(C 2 H 5 ) 4 NOH:7.5[CH 3 (CH 2 ) 15 N(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 O:790H 2 O, where M=0, Zr(OC 3 H 7 ) 4 or Ti(OC 4 H 9 ) 4 . In all preparations, colloidal silica (Ludox) was used as the source of silica. The hydrothermal transformation at 110°C of these gels produced solids with the hexagonal structure typical of MCM-41 type materials. The effects of chain length and surfactant terminal alkyl groups on the properties of mesoporous materials containing Ti or Zr, have been investigated by using different surfactants such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and chloride, cetyl dimethyl ethyl ammonium bromide, and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. When the surfactant's carbonyl chain decreased to 14 from 16 carbon atoms, a reduction in unit cell dimension and average pore diameter was observed in the mesoporous silicas, titaniumsilicates and zirconiumsilicates under study. Replacement of methyl groups with ethyl groups on the surfactant hydrophobic head, had no measurable effects on crystals' properties. However, a surfactant with a bulky aromatic head group, such as cetyl pyridinium chloride, inhibited crystallization. In general, the use of bromide in place of chloride salts yielded more ordered MCM-41 type crystals. The high thermal stability (to 800°C), surface area (1000–1500 m 2 /g), pore volume (0.90–1.20 cm 3 /g) and uniform mesoporosity (with pore diameter in the 2.9 nm–3.6 nm range), of these metalsilicates could be of particular interest in the preparation of catalysts requiring siliceous metal supports.
Synchrotron-radiation photoemission study of the V–VI layered compounds Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, Sb2 Te3 and Sb2Te2Se

The valence band (VB) density of states and the binding energies of the weakly bound core levels have been measured by XUV photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation for four V–VI layered compounds. Chemical shifts of the core levels are determined which support the partial ionicity of the bonds involved. The chemical shifts of the emission from two unequivalent crystal sites were shown to differ by less than 30 meV for the compounds Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3 and Sb2Te3. VB and core-level photoemission spectra for the V–VI compounds Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, Sb2Te3 and Se2Te2Se have been presented. Chemical shifts of the Te 4d, Bi 5d, Sb 4d and Se 3d levels were determined, indicating partial ionicity of the mainly covalent bonds involved. Chemical-shift differences originating from atoms at two different crystal sites are <30 meV. In a simple model this implies that similar charge transfers do occur even though completely different bond orbitals were proposed for the and the AB(2) bonds. Finally, the fact that no surface core-level shifts were observed tends to confirm the very weak influence of the van der Waals-like bonds on the B(2) atoms.
Strategies for three-dimensional particle tracking with holographic video microscopy

The video stream captured by an in-line holographic microscope can be analyzed on a frame-by-frame basis to track individual colloidal particles’ three-dimensional motions with nanometer resolution. In this work, we compare the performance of two complementary analysis techniques, one based on fitting to the exact Lorenz-Mie theory and the other based on phenomenological interpretation of the scattered light field reconstructed with Rayleigh-Sommerfeld back-propagation. Although Lorenz-Mie tracking provides more information and is inherently more precise, Rayleigh-Sommerfeld reconstruction is faster and more general. The two techniques agree quantitatively on colloidal spheres’ in-plane positions. Their systematic differences in axial tracking can be explained in terms of the illuminated objects’ light scattering properties.
Parametric studies in industrial distillation: Part III. Design methods and their evaluation

Distillation networks are described as sets of composition nodes which are used to estimate material and energy balances. Comparisons with equivalent, equilibrium stage models indicate that these simplified design methods consistently result in small, but acceptable, overdesign, even when applied to complex, thermally coupled tower configurations.
Neuroenhancement by noninvasive brain stimulation is not a net zero-sum proposition

Overview: Over the last decade, it has become increasingly clear that cognitive enhancement with noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS) is a real phenomenon. Recently, it has been suggested that such enhancements be viewed within the framework of a zero-sum game: that the performance enhancements found with NBS represent a re-allotment of finite processing resources, with the gains in one situation balanced by costs elsewhere. In examining the NBS literature, we have found that about half of reports of NBS enhancements may have been the result of resource reallocation, although it is not clear that a cost can be identified in each situation. Moreover, the other half of reports suggest that NBS can cause not a resource reallocation but an actual addition of resources available. It is suggested here that while it is important to examine whether costs occur with NBS, a more helpful framework from which to understand cognitive enhancements with NBS may be to understand brains as systems designed to continuously enhance their own functions and available resources (through learning, automatizing useful behaviors, etc.), and to view NBS as a means to augment these ongoing processes.
Cell type-specific regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I gene expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons

Mechanisms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene regulation in cells of the CNS have been studied in vitro. Astrocytes in primary cultures, but neither oligodendrocytes nor neurons, constitutively expressed cell surface MHC class I molecules. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) treatment led to induction of MHC class I expression in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes but not in neurons. The conserved up-stream sequence containing the juxtaposed nuclear factor (NF)-kB-like region I and IFN-response consensus sequence (ICS) constitutively enhanced MHC class I gene promoter activity in astrocytes, but not in oligodendrocytes or in neurons. Nuclear extracts from astrocytes, but not from oligodendrocytes and neurons, had a binding activity specific for the NF-kB-like region I sequence, indicating that constitutive expression of MHC class I genes is governed by the upstream region I enhancer and its binding factor. IFN-γ treatment led to induction of MHC class I promoter activity in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but not in neurons. In accordance with this observation, a nuclear factor that binds to the ICS was induced in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes but not in neurons following IFN-γ treatment. This study illustrates cell type-specific regulation of MHC class I genes in the CNS that correlates with the expression of DNA binding factors relevant to MHC class I gene transcription. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.