cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Self-Compassion in Incarcerated Women

Over the past 5–7 years, there has been growing interest by criminal justice scholars in the area of positive criminology and in the development of gender-responsive treatment programs. A necessary condition for advances in these endeavors is explicating relevant psychological constructs and relying on reliable and valid measures. In this investigation, we explore the psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion Survey (SCS) in a sample of 117 incarcerated women. Participants at a maximum-security state women’s prison completed this cross-sectional, self-report study by filling out the SCS as well as measures of resilience and mindfulness. Results revealed that subscale and total SCS scores had good internal consistency and positively correlated with the other assessed constructs, as expected. Moreover, subscale means in this sample were similar to other samples of women previously reported in the literature. Taken together, our findings suggest that the SCS is a reliable and valid measure in this population and therefore is an appropriate tool to use in exploring the role of self-compassion in the lives of incarcerated women.
Study on parameters affecting steering feel of column assist electric power steering

In recent years, the electric power assist steering (EPAS) system, because of its fuel efficiency, cost effectiveness, and additional safety and convenience features, has rapidly replaced the conventional hydraulic power assist steering (HPAS) system. However, there is still need for improvement of the steering feel of EPAS systems compared to HPAS systems. In this paper, the steering feel of the EPAS system is studied by investigating the steering feel metrics. We first introduce a comprehensive model of a column-assisted EPAS (C-EPAS) system consisting of the major components in the system. The steering feel of the C-EPAS system is then investigated through simulation of on-centre steering tests based on the proposed mechanical model with basic power assist control strategies. Various factors affecting the steering feel responses are identified. Finally, by using this knowledge, it is shown that on-centre steering feel can be improved by adjusting the proper parameters in the C-EPAS system.
Searching for Sugar Man: Thinking on the Border of the Global/Apartheid Imaginary

Manfred Steger once described Searching for Sugar Man, the documentary about blues singer Sixto Rodriguez’s reception into the South African anti-apartheid music underground, as a paradigmatic story of globalization. The movie traces Rodriguez as exemplifying the ‘opening up’ of an isolated South Africa to the vast network of ideas, peoples, and money, namely a growing awareness of human interconnectivity that Steger terms ‘the global imaginary.’ This chapter, however, offers another possible reading of this movie: that global and apartheid realities are not so distinct. Rodriguez actually resists the narrative of global redemption portrayed in the movie and offers instead a form of ‘border thinking’—a local knowledge, rooted in radical politics, poetics, and music; one that circulates at the border of the global/apartheid imaginary.
Metabolomic markers of healthy dietary patterns in US postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND Healthy diet patterns are associated with lower risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. Metabolomics has the potential to expand dietary biomarker development to include dietary patterns, which may provide a complement or alternative to self-reported diet. OBJECTIVE This study examined the correlation of serum untargeted metabolomic markers with 4 diet pattern scores-the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMED), alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015-and used multivariate methods to identify discriminatory metabolites for each pattern. METHODS Among 1367 US postmenopausal women with serum metabolomic data in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort, we conducted partial correlation analysis, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle variables, to examine cross-sectional correlations between serum metabolomic markers and healthy diet pattern scores. In a randomly selected "training" set (50%), we conducted orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis to identify metabolites that discriminated the top from bottom diet score quintiles. Combinations of metabolites with a variable importance in projection (VIP) score ≥2.5 were tested for predictability in the "testing" set based on the use of receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Out of 1186 metabolites, 32 unique metabolites were considered discriminatory based on a VIP score ≥2.5 in the training dataset with some overlap across scores (aMED = 16; AHEI = 17; DASH = 13; HEI = 12). Spearman partial correlation analyses, applying a cut-point (|r| ≥ 0.15) and Bonferroni correction (P < 1.05 × 10-5), identified similar key metabolites. The top 5 metabolites for each pattern mostly distinguished high compared with low scores; 4 of the 5 (fish-derived) metabolites were the same for aMED and AHEI, 2 of which were identified for HEI; 4 DASH metabolites were unique. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomic methods that used a split-sample approach identified potential biomarkers for 4 healthy diet patterns. Similar metabolites across scores reflect fish consumption in healthy dietary patterns. These findings should be replicated in independent populations.
Supporting students’ conceptual understanding of kinetics using screencasts and simulations outside of the classroom

Simulations have changed chemistry education by allowing students to visualize the motion and interaction of particles underlying important chemical processes. With kinetics, such visualizations can illustrate how particles interact to yield successful reactions and how changes in concentration and temperature impact the number and success of individual collisions. This study examined how a simulation exploring particle collisions, or screencast employing the same simulation, used as an out-of-class introduction helped develop students’ conceptual understanding of kinetics. Students either manipulated the simulation themselves using guided instructions or watched a screencast in which an expert used the same simulation to complete an assignment. An iterative design approach and analysis of pretest and follow up questions suggests that students in both groups at two different institutions were able to achieve a common base level of success. Instructors can then build upon this common experience when instructing students on collision theory and kinetics. Eye-tracking studies indicate that the simulation and screencast groups engage with the curricular materials in different ways, which combined with student self-report data suggests that the screencast and simulation provide different levels of cognitive demand. This increased time on task suggests that the screencast may hold student interest longer than the simulation alone.
A Unique Pattern on Memory Testing in Dementia Screening Predicts Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

OBJECTIVES The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is used to screen for dementia in many Wisconsin Alzheimer Institute memory care clinics. After observing a pattern of lower scores for immediate memory than for delayed memory (immediate memory < delayed memory) that seemed to predict obstructive sleep apnea in patients seen in our memory care clinic, we aimed to confirm the validity of this finding. METHODS We retrospectively identified all patients seen in our memory care clinic from December 2011 through December 2014 who completed the RBANS. The frequency of obstructive sleep apnea was determined among those with the pattern of interest (immediate memory < delayed memory). RESULTS Among 191 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 81 (42%) displayed the immediate memory < delayed memory pattern. Of these, 54 patients had been or were subsequently tested for obstructive sleep apnea; 35 (65%) were positive. In the positive group, the mean age was 74 years; 60% were women. CONCLUSIONS Obstructive sleep apnea is a known risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. It is a potentially treatable cause of memory loss that can be clinically silent. This study shows that a unique pattern (immediate memory < delayed memory) on the RBANS commonly used at memory care clinics can identify a group of patients who can be evaluated and treated for this common and remediable condition.
Feminist Perspectives in Health Law

This essay argues that feminist legal theory offers an important, and underutilized, perspective to examine health law and policy. We use several theoretical frameworks developed by feminist legal theorists including relational autonomy, intersectionality, vulnerability theory, and the feminist critique of the public-private divide to demonstrate the utility of these theories to health law analysis. These frameworks provide insights relevant not only to issues that obviously relate to gender, but also to matters of choice, quality, and access that are less obviously gender-related. We map three key areas of existing scholarship and future inquiry at the intersection of health law and feminist legal theory: (I) patient choice and relational autonomy, (II) patriarchy, power and patient safety, and (III) access to health care and healthy living conditions at the public-private divide. Uniting these areas of inquiry is a nagging question central to the relationship between critical legal scholarship (including feminist scholarship) and pragmatic action to combat injustice: Can we use legal rights to achieve our aims even as we recognize them as tainted tools that have propped up oppressive social structures? A feminist agenda for health law and policy must grapple with this dilemma.
Cross-Layer Co-Optimization of Network Design and Chiplet Placement in 2.5-D Systems

2.5-D integration technology is gaining attention and popularity in manycore computing system design. 2.5-D systems integrate homogeneous or heterogeneous chiplets in a flexible and cost-effective way. The design choices of 2.5-D systems impact overall system performance, manufacturing cost, and thermal feasibility. This article proposes a cross-layer co-optimization methodology for 2.5-D systems. We jointly optimize the network topology and chiplet placement across logical, physical, and circuit layers to improve system performance, reduce manufacturing cost, and lower operating temperature, while ensuring thermal safety and routability. We also propose a novel gas-station link, which enables pipelined interchiplet links in passive interposers. Our cross-layer methodology achieves better performance-cost tradeoffs of 2.5-D systems and yields better solutions in optimizing interchiplet network and 2.5-D system designs than prior methods. Compared to single-chip systems, 2.5-D systems designed using our new approach achieve 88% higher performance at the same manufacturing cost, or 29% lower cost with the same performance. Compared to the closest state-of-the-art, our new approach achieves 40%–68% (49% on average) iso-cost performance improvement and 30%–38% (32% on average) iso-performance cost reduction.
Tackling Climate Change Requires Organizational Purpose

The public debate about how to tackle climate change has been overwhelmingly dominated by the assumption that it can be solved through the adoption of an appropriate pricing regime. This paper argues that while the development of such a regime will be critical to slowing climate change, it is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition. We argue that it will also be important to accelerate rates of innovation and cooperation across the economy and that one important tool for doing this is the active encouragement of the development of authentically "purpose-driven" organizations.
Laboratory diagnosis and genetic characterization analysis of the subtype A3 influenza viruses in Quanzhou

Objective To obtain the information of the 2009 influenza outbreak and the variations of influenza virus strains in quanzhou, and explore the relationship between the genetic variation of influenza virus and influenza epidemic. Methods During the influenza outbreak in quanzhou,one hundred and ninetyeight throat swabs specimens from the patients with influenza were collected. Viruses were isolated with MDCK cells and identified with serological test, followed by real-time RT-PCR. RNA of four influenza virus strains were extracted, then HA1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The purified PCR products were sequenced. The data were analyzed with the software DNAstar megalign. Results Total 98 pieces of H3N2 subtype influenza virus nucleic acid were detected in 198 throat swabs specimens,among which 62 influenza virus strains were identified as subtype influenza A( H3N2 ). The sequencing results of HA1 gene in these positive strains showed that their genetic characterization were more closed to strains A/Ningbo/333/2008 with a nucleotide homology of 98.7%, which was 96.8% as compared with A/Xiamen/70/2004. The amino acids sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences in HA1 region of the isolated strain had 7 mutant sites compared with A/Brisbane/10/2007 vaccine strain. One variant amino acids were found located in the antigenic determinant sites A( 144 ), two were in the sites B( 158,189 ). Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the difference in HAl domain. Conclusion The influenza virus strains causing the flu outbreak among some communities of quanzhou in 2009 are subtype influenza A ( H3N2 ), whose genetic characterization and antigenicity were different from the vaccine strain. Key words: Influenza,human; Influenza A virus,H3N2 subtype; Hemagglutinin glycoproteins,influenza virus; Base sequence
Nightly fluctuations in sleep apnea severity and clinical practice guidelines for diagnostic testing.

CITATIONDzierzewski JM, Dautovich ND, Taylor SA. Nightly fluctuations in sleep apnea severity and clinical practice guidelines for diagnostic testing. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(9):1625–1626.
Metachronous Mesorectal Recurrence after Colectomy for Ascending Colon Cancer.

Background An isolated metachronous recurrence in the mesorectum from a primary ascending colon cancer is a rare finding that has not been previously reported. This may represent a form of retroperitoneal spread, sometimes referred to as "drop metastasis," which is an uncommon mechanism for metachronous recurrence. Case presentation A 38-year-old male presented to the Emergency Department in January of 2018 with profound anemia. A colonoscopy revealed innumerable colonic polyps. He reported having multiple family members diagnosed with colon cancer and was subsequently diagnosed with familial adenomatous polyposis with rectal sparing. Total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was performed, revealing a T3N1a adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. The patient subsequently underwent 12 cycles of adjuvant FOLFOX. Surveillance imaging in late 2019 revealed a suspicious mass in the superior perirectal soft tissue without any other sites of potential disease. Completion proctectomy was performed in January 2020, 2 years after the initial resection. Pathology revealed a mesorectal tumor deposit located 1.5 cm distal to the ileorectal anastomosis. No evidence of mucosal involvement or nodal metastasis was identified. Conclusion Isolated mesorectal recurrence is a rare and previously unreported clinical finding following resection of an ascending colon cancer with an ileorectal anastomosis. This likely represents a form of retroperitoneal spread.
Usefulness of measurement of tobramycin levels in the era of once daily iv-treatment

Introduction: Aminoglykosides have been part of standard treatment for pseudomonas infection in patients with cystic fibrosis for decades. Nephro- and ototoxicity are the most common side effects. Therefore monitoring of tobramycin levels is recommended. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of measuring tobramycin levels in once daily iv tobramycin therapy. Methods: All once daily tobramycin treatments between 07/2010 and 07/2019 in CF patients were included and patient data analysed for tobramycin levels, renal function and comorbities. Results: Out of 278 iv tobramycin courses seven elevated tobramycin levels were recorded (2.5%). Six of the measurements (86%) were performed in patients with chronic renal failure. Method: In absence of additional comorbitites and risk factors the monitoring of tobramycin levels in once daily iv treamtent in CF patients is not necessary.
Psychosis Related to COVID-19: Reports of a Disturbing New Complication.

As physical debilitation and death from coronavirus infection continue to plague the world, reports are surfacing of a disturbing potential complication—psychosis. Most cases of psychotic disorder ...
An Educated Nation: Governmental Policy and Early Childhood Education in America

Federal, state, and local government, together with communities, parents, teachers, school administrators and the private sector all have a shared responsibility in ensuring quality early education experiences for all children. From the first public early learning initiatives to those of today, the influence of policymakers is interwoven throughout the history of early childhood education. While policy is ultimate made by the legislature, the voice of the education expert is essential in informing decision-making. The voice of the early childhood professional is not always audible in these decisions. It is through this lens that this chapter explores state and federal policies affecting early childhood education over the last several decades. Beginning with the federal implementation of Head Start in 1965 through the standards-based curricula of the 2010s, to the policies of 2020, an examination of each underscores the importance of advocacy by the early childhood professional. It considers legislation that has impacted early childhood teachers and children, and discusses the influence that educators may or may not have had in influencing these programs and policies. It includes a discussion of Head Start and Early Head Start, as well as the key initiatives of No Child Left Behind, the Race to the Top Early Learning Challenge, the Common Core State Standards, and Universal Pre-Kindergarten. The standards movement and assessment in early childhood are also reviewed, with consideration of the perspectives of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the Defending the Early Years organization.
Technological and Disruptive Innovations in a Nation's Industrialization and Leadership Development

Article originally published in the International Journal of System Dynamics Applications. IJSDA, 10(4), 1-17. English. Published online 2021. http://doi.org/10.4018/IJSDA.20211001.oa11
Adversity and Emotional Functioning

Exposure to early adversity has been linked to variations in emotional functioning. To date, however, the precise nature of these variations has been difficult to pinpoint given widespread differences in the ways in which aspects of emotional functioning are defined and measured. Here, more consistent with models of emotional functioning in typically developing populations (e.g., Halberstadt et al., 2001), we propose defining emotional functioning as consisting of distinct domains of emotion expression, perception, knowledge, reactivity, and regulation. We argue that this framework is useful for guiding hypothesis generation about the specific impact of early adversity on children’s emotional functioning. We operationalize the construct of emotional functioning, highlight what is currently known about the association between adversity exposure and each domain of emotional functioning, propose potential mechanisms for these associations, and set the stage for future research examining the development of emotional functioning in the context of early adversity.
The Kaleidoscope of Montaigne’s “Inconstance”

Most French writers of the second half of the sixteenth century are unduly sensitive to the preponderant role played in their lives by what they term “inconstance,”1 but none more so than Montaigne. His earliest essays are permeated with this concern, especially the first essays of Books I and II where he initially calls attention to the “inconstance” of man and what he means by it.
Effect of acute stretch injury on action potential and network activity of rat neocortical neurons in culture

The basis for acute seizures following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unclear. Animal models of TBI have revealed acute hyperexcitablility in cortical neurons that could underlie seizure activity, but studying initiating events causing hyperexcitability is difficult in these models. In vitro models of stretch injury with cultured cortical neurons, a surrogate for TBI, allow facile investigation of cellular changes after injury but they have only demonstrated post-injury hypoexcitability. The goal of this study was to determine if neuronal hyperexcitability could be triggered by in vitro stretch injury. Controlled uniaxial stretch injury was delivered to a spatially delimited region of a spontaneously active network of cultured rat cortical neurons, yielding a region of stretch-injured neurons and adjacent regions of non-stretched neurons that did not directly experience stretch injury. Spontaneous electrical activity was measured in non-stretched and stretch-injured neurons, and in control neuronal networks not subjected to stretch injury. Non-stretched neurons in stretch-injured cultures displayed a three-fold increase in action potential firing rate and bursting activity 30-60 min post-injury. Stretch-injured neurons, however, displayed dramatically lower rates of action potential firing and bursting. These results demonstrate that acute hyperexcitability can be observed in non-stretched neurons located in regions adjacent to the site of stretch injury, consistent with reports that seizure activity can arise from regions surrounding the site of localized brain injury. Thus, this in vitro procedure for localized neuronal stretch injury may provide a model to study the earliest cellular changes in neuronal function associated with acute post-traumatic seizures.
Yet another low-voltage four quadrant analog CMOS multiplier

A novel implementation of a CMOS multiplier is presented. The circuit operates with /spl plusmn/1.65 V supply voltages with /spl plusmn/1 V input signal swing and has a 50 MHz constant bandwidth. SPICE simulations with 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS parameters are shown that verify the operation of the circuit.
Precision X-ray spectroscopy on 8.5 heavy ions

A new experimental capability has been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Super-HILAC to investigate questions relating to high resolution atomic spectroscopy. A key element of these measurements is a dual arm Johann spectrometer. The ion beam passes inside the Rowland circle of two curved crystals which are mounted such that diffracted X-rays have equal and opposite linear Doppler shifts. The X-ray lines are detected with high speed X-ray film mounted on the Rowland circle. The beam-crystal geometry is arranged so a spectral range θB ~ 30°–70° is detected. The spectrometer efficiency is high with useful exposures obtained with only 10 mC of beam. A wavelength calibration is obtained by simultaneously exposing the film with diffracted K and L X-rays from an X-ray tube. X-ray lines from the beam are slanted, with respect to the calibration lines, due to Doppler shifts arising from X-rays incident on the crystal at angles other than perpendicular to the diffraction plane. The slope of these lines provides an independent determination of the beam velocity, which is used to correct for the transverse Doppler shift. Typical results are presented.
Diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related anemia

Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is due to multiple etiologies, including chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, blood loss, functional iron deficiency, erythropoietin deficiency due to renal disease, marrow involvement with tumor as well as other factors. The most common treatment options for CRA include iron therapy, erythropoietic-stimulating agents (ESAs), and red cell transfusion. Safety concerns as well as restrictions and reimbursement issues surrounding ESA therapy for CRA have resulted in suboptimal treatment. Similarly, many clinicians are not familiar or comfortable using intravenous iron products to treat functional iron deficiency associated with CRA. This article summarizes our approach to treating CRA and discusses commonly encountered clinical scenarios for which current clinical guidelines do not apply.
The Spirit and the Word: A Theory of Spirituality in Africana Literary Criticism

between Bugul, Calixthe Beyala, and Mongo Beti, Jacqueline Couti gives birth to a polysemie reflection on the specificity of literary portrayal of seduction in African literature. Jeanne Garane's study on the cinematic intertext discloses the commonalities between Bugul's and Mambety's works in which postcolonial realities are portrayed, challenged, and reversed through the art of storytelling that seeks to achieve the ultimate truth. Rangira Bea Gallimore's "Dismantling or Reconstructing the Universality Principle in Riwan ou le chemin de sable" problematizes the disjunction between the success of literary decentering and the failure of ontological decentering. In a very thorough analysis, Gallimore shows how the centrality of African orality in Bugul's novel enables her to free herself from Western literary norms. She also argues that the freedom acquired on a formal level does not translate on an ontological level. In her detailed examination of female characters, she pins down the pitfalls of a novel that reproduces "the oppositional categories of a universalist discourse which it undertook to dismantle from the outset" (203). In "Symbolism, Imitation, and Allegory in La folie et la mort" Ada Uzoamaka Azodo offers a very subtle analysis of the symbolism of death and rebirth, woman and Africa, the individual and the community. Against a background that views death through pessimism, she offers a spiritual reading of Bugul's novels through which loss and mourning operate as a preamble to rebirth, dream and hope by placing Africa in front of her responsibilities. Emerging Perspectives on Ken Bugul: From Alternative Choices to Oppositional Practices also contains an interview from the writer, which provides the reader with a wide range of literary, biographic, and analytical details that help delineate the issues at stake in Bugul's work. Azodo and Larquier's cutting-edge collection of articles is a tremendous contribution that underscores the relevancy of studying African women writers who are constantly negotiating boundaries between the private and the public sphere, the individual and the community. The contributors have examined how Ken Bugul's commitment to literary explorations of gender, identity and social political issues reveals her unending quest for hope, happiness and freedom.
Retraction Approach to CPS Transform

We study the continuation passing style (CPS) transform and its generalization, the computational transform, in which the notion of computation is generalized from continuation passing to an arbitrary one. To establish a relation between direct style and continuation passing style interpretation of sequential call-by-value programs, we prove the Retraction Theorem which says that a lambda term can be recovered from its CPS form via a λ-definable retraction. The Retraction Theorem is proved in the logic of computational lambda calculus for the simply typable terms.
Examination of Alternative Heteroscedastic Error Structures Using Experimental Data

Impacts of alternative specifications for heteroscedastic error structures are examined by estimating various production functions for corn in Central Texas. Production- and profit maximizing levels of inputs and the shape of the profit equation obtained from models not corrected for heteroscedasticity differed from those obtained from models corrected for heteroscedasticity. Using the profit-maximizing input levels for each production function gave essentially the same estimated yield and profit, regardless of the specification for heteroscedasticity employed. Differences of up to one-quarter to one-third are noted, however, in the amount of profit maximizing levels of inputs used, depending on the heteroscedasticity correction.
The Dutch Fiscal Framework and the Role of the Central Planning Bureau

According to the IMF and OECD, the Dutch fiscal framework is rather unique, and its design and implementation are highly recommendable. This paper describes this framework and the role of the CPB. Major features of the Dutch fiscal framework are the trend-based fiscal framework with real net expenditure ceilings for the whole term of government, the role of independent organisations, like the CPB, Statistics Netherlands and the Netherlands Court of Audit, and the intermediary role of the national advisory group on budgetary principles.
A simple model for the adjustment of velocity spectra in unstable conditions downstream of an abrupt change in roughness and heat flux

A simple model for the equilibrium spectra of velocity fluctuations in the unstable surface layer is developed. All three component spectra are written as a sum of two spectra For the horizontal spectra, the two parts scale with % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqaqpepeea0xe9qqVa0l% b9peea0lb9Lq-JfrVkFHe9peea0dXdarVe0Fb9pgea0xa9W8qr0-vr% 0-viWZqaceaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaacIcacaWGUb% GaamOEamaaBaaaleaacaWGPbaabeaakiaac+cacaWG1bGaaiilaiaa% dQhadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccaGGVaGaamitaiaacMcaaaa!4232!\[(nz_i /u,z_i /L)\]and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqaqpepeea0xe9qqVa0l% b9peea0lb9Lq-JfrVkFHe9peea0dXdarVe0Fb9pgea0xa9W8qr0-vr% 0-viWZqaceaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaad6gacaWG6b% Gaai4laiaadwhaaaa!3B5E!\[nz/u\], respectively; the vertical spectrum can be written entirely as a function of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqaqpepeea0xe9qqVa0l% b9peea0lb9Lq-JfrVkFHe9peea0dXdarVe0Fb9pgea0xa9W8qr0-vr% 0-viWZqaceaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaad6gacaWG6b% Gaai4laiaadwhaaaa!3B5E!\[nz/u\] and % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqaqpepeea0xe9qqVa0l% b9peea0lb9Lq-JfrVkFHe9peea0dXdarVe0Fb9pgea0xa9W8qr0-vr% 0-viWZqaceaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaadQhacaGGVa% Gaamitaaaa!3A42!\[z/L\]. The equilibrium spectra are utilized as part of a model describing the development of velocity spectra downwind of a change in surface roughness and heat flux. Results are shown for the streamwise component and compared with hotwire measurements from the RISO 78 experiment. The model shows excellent agreement with the measurements.
Ebola Virus Entry into Host Cells: Identifying Therapeutic Strategies

Filoviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. The archetypal virus of this group, Ebola virus, is responsible for the current filovirus epidemic in West Africa. Filoviruses infect most mammalian cells, resulting in broad species tropism and likely contributing to rapid spread of virus throughout the body. A thorough understanding of filovirus entry events will facilitate the development of therapeutics against these critical steps in the viral life cycle. This review summarizes the current understanding of filovirus entry and discusses some of the recent advancements in therapeutic strategies that target entry.
Atlas construction via dictionary learning and group sparsity

Atlas construction generally includes first an image registration step to normalize all images into a common space and then an atlas building step to fuse all the aligned images. Although numerous atlas construction studies have been performed to improve the accuracy of image registration step, simple averaging or weighted averaging is often used for the atlas building step. In this paper, we propose a novel patch-based sparse representation method for atlas construction, especially for the atlas building step. By taking advantage of local sparse representation, more distinct anatomical details can be revealed in the built atlas. Also, together with the constraint on group structure of representations and the use of overlapping patches, anatomical consistency between neighboring patches can be ensured. The proposed method has been applied to 73 neonatal MR images with poor spatial resolution and low tissue contrast, for building unbiased neonatal brain atlas. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can enhance the quality of built atlas by discovering more anatomical details especially in cortical regions, and perform better in a neonatal data normalization application, compared to other existing start-of-the-art nonlinear neonatal brain atlases.
Sleep Deprivation and Economic Burden

Sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep-disorder breathing (i.e., snoring, obstructive sleep apnea, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome), shift-work disorder, sleep deprivation, and restless legs syndrome can have a significant impact on a patient’s health-related quality-of-life, workplace productivity, and daily functioning. Sleep is considered vital for preserving daytime cognitive function and physiological well-being. Sleep disorders are commonly associated with other major medical problems such as chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, mental illness, dementias, gastrointestinal disorders, and diabetes mellitus. The resultant economic burden at both the individual and societal levels is significant. Thus, in order to properly care for patients presenting with sleep-related morbidity, and to reduce the ensuing economic burden, accurate screening efforts and efficacious/cost-effective treatments need to be developed and employed.
NOISY SUNSPOTS AND BANK RUNS

In the existing literature, panic-based bank runs are triggered by a commonly acknowledged and observed sunspot signal. There are only two equilibrium realizations resulting from the commonly observed sunspot signal: Everyone runs or no one runs. I consider a more general and more realistic situation in which consumers observe noisy private sunspot signals. If the noise in the signals is sufficiently small, there exists a proper correlated equilibrium for some demand deposit contracts. A full bank run, a partial bank run (in which some consumers panic whereas others do not), or no bank run occurs, depending on the realization of the sunspot signals. If the probabilities of runs are small, the optimal demand deposit contract tolerates full and partial bank runs.
Ultra performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry for high-sensitivity and high-throughput analysis of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 16 priority pollutants polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.

In this work, we demonstrate the utility of ultra performance liquid chromatography−atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC−APPI-MS/MS) for high-sensitivity and high-throughput analysis of United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) 16 priority pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Analyses were performed on a Waters Acquity-TQD equipped with Syagen’s PhotoMate APPI source. All 16 PAHs were analyzed on column in approximately 3.5 min with excellent chromatographic separation for all PAH isomers and with low picogram detection limits on column for all analytes using chlorobenzene as a dopant. Dynamic linear ranges were evaluated and found to cover at least 3−4 orders of magnitude. In comparison with the existing U.S. EPA methods, this approach improves instrument sample throughput by at least 10-fold.
Diamond genesis in a multiply-constrained model

Thermal cracking of primordial carbon gas species in depleted and reduced Archaean subcratonic lithosphere is proposed for the nucleation of micro- and ultramafic macrodiamonds. Growth was mainly by solid-state diffusion, although crystallization of the eclogitic diamond suite was from sulphide-immiscible melts. Lateral and vertical heterogeneities and the geometry of the lithosphere can account for a variety of second-order variables such as diamond type, colour, crystal morphology and dissolution characteristics.
Modeling of land use and reservoir effects on nonpoint source pollution in a highly agricultural basin

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is tightly linked to land use activities that determine the sources and magnitudes of pollutant loadings to stream water. The pollutant loads may also be alleviated within reservoirs because of the physical interception resulting from changed hydrological regimes and other biochemical processes. It is important but challenging to assess the NPS pollution processes with human effects due to the measurement limitations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of human activities such as land uses and reservoir operation on the hydrological and NPS pollution processes in a highly agricultural area—the Iowa River Basin—using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The evaluation of model performance at multiple sites reveals that SWAT can consistently simulate the daily streamflow, and monthly/annual sediment and nutrient loads (nitrate nitrogen and mineral phosphorus) in the basin. We also used the calibrated model to estimate the trap efficiencies of sediment (∼78%) and nutrients (∼30%) in the Coralville Reservoir within the basin. These non-negligible effects emphasize the significance of incorporating the sediment and nutrient removal mechanisms into watershed system studies. The spatial quantification of the critical NPS pollution loads can help identify hot-spot areas that are likely locations for the best management practices.
Transient photocapacitance and capacitance studies of interface and bulk states in metal / a-SiN1.6: H / a-Si:H / c-Si devices

The a-SiN 1.6 :H / a-Si:H interface produced by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) has been characterized by using metal / a-SiN 1.6 :H / a-Si:H / c-Si (MNSS) devices with different a-Si:H film thickness d α . The increase of the voltage pulse transient photocapacitance signal as a function of d α allows the separation of interface and bulk traps absorption. Using the previous EPR measurement of bulk states (6×10 15 cm −3 ) as a calibration value, a simple model gives the interface (D − ) trap density located at 0.8 eV below E C , N INT = 1.5×10 11 cm −2 , and the optical cross section σ OPT =6×10 −17 cm 2 . The analysis of the MNSS complex admittance as a function of temperature and frequency gives a similar trap density 1×10 11 cm −2 eV −1 , with a capture cross section for electrons σ C =4×10 −15 cm 2 . At the a-SiN x :H / c-Si interface the MNS photocapacitance cross section for these interface defects is apparently lower by one order of magnitude compared to that obtained for MNSS.
How to compete effectively against low-cost competitors

Abstract Unlike older models of low-cost competition that were based on economies of scale, many new low-cost competitors have been able to be efficient at smaller sales levels due to a combination of the following strategies: producing ‘good enough’ products that provide extreme value by eliminating services that cost more than they are worth to consumers, utilizing simple business models, reducing research and development expenditures via joint ventures or through purchasing technology from bankrupt firms, using price cutting to drastically expand the market for a company's goods and services, and having an organizational culture that stresses frugality and efficiency. This article explores the low-cost strategies of Aldi, Vizio, and Southwest Airlines to identify common elements. Four strategies that established competitors can use to respond to low-cost competition are presented: (1) waiting and watching, (2) deciding not to match new competitors’ price levels, (3) matching or coming close to low-cost competitors’ price levels, and (4) developing a new fighter brand or private label brand to be sold along with a company's traditional brands.
The effect of drug lipophilicity and lipid vehicles on the lymphatic absorption of various testosterone esters

Abstract Mesenteric lymph was collected from non-restrained unanesthetized rats following oral administration of several different testosterone esters dissolved in various non-polar lipid vehicles. A good correlation was observed between the differing amounts of the testosterone esters appearing in intestinal lymph (24 h post-dosing) and their respective n -heptane/water partition coefficients. There appeared to be a significant vehicle effect on lymphatic absorption when monitoring the lymphatic transport of testosterone undecanoate after its oral administration in various lipid vehicles. Lymphatic absorption of testosterone undecanoate was greatest when administered in oleic acid (C 18:1 ) and long-chain unsaturated triglyceride vehicles. However, mixtures of oleic acid-monoolein (representing a synthetic digestion mixture of a triglyceride) failed to improve, and in fact decreased, the lymphatic absorption of testosterone undecanoate relative to an oleic acid vehicle. Although the extent of lymphatic absorption of testosterone undecanoate was very small, it did appear to be the major determinant of the bioavailability of orally administered testosterone undecanoate.
Incompatibility and a simple gradient theory of plasticity

In the continuum theory, at finite strains the crystal lattice is assumed to distort only elastically during plastic flow, while generally the elastic distortion itself is not compatible with a single-valued displacement field. Lattice incompatibility is characterized by a certain skew-symmetry property of the gradient of the elastic deformation field, and this measure can play a natural role in nonlocal theories of plasticity. A simple constitutive proposal is discussed where incompatibility only enters the instantaneous hardening relations. As a result, the incremental boundary value problem for rate-independent and rate-dependent behaviors has a classical structure and rather straightforward modifications of standard finite element programs can be utilized. Two examples are presented in this paper: one for size-scale effects in the torsion of thin wires in the setting of an isotropic J2 flow theory and the other for hardening of microstructures containing small particles embedded in a single crystal matrix.
Chick embryonic Schwann cells migrate anodally in small electrical fields

Abstract Little is known about the cues that guide migrating neural crest derivatives to their targets. This lack of understanding is especially significant in the case of Schwann cells, which have been transplanted into the central nervous system in an effort to promote axonal myelination after injury or disease. We have investigated the response of Schwann cells, cultured from the peripheral nerves of E7/8 chick embryos, to applied electrical fields. We find that they respond by migrating to the anode, and show a significant anodal bias in directionality at 3mV mm− 1. This is the smallest electrical field that has been shown to affect cellular movement or growth in culture, and the anodal direction is surprising given the known cathodal responses of neural crest cells. The effective fields are considerably smaller than endogenous electrical fields that have been measured in embryonic tissues.
Influence of day and night temperature on soybean seed yield

Growth temperature influences the seed yield of soybean [Glycinemax (L.) Merr.]. Most studies have concentrated on the effects of concomitant increases in day/night temperature during the entire life cycle of soybean. A better understanding of the influence of combinations of high day and night temperature imposed during different reproductive growth phases on soybean seed yield would be beneficial in identifying yield limiting factors. Day/night temperatures of 30/20, 30/30, 35/20, and 35/30°C were imposed during flowering and pod set (R1-R5), seed fill and maturation (R5-R8), and during the entire reproductive period (R1-R8). Increases in day temperature resulted in decreased seed formation when plants were exposed during flowering and pod set and decreased seed growth when exposed during flowering and pod set or seed fill. Seed growth reductions in plants exposed to the high day temperature were accompanied by decreased photosynthetic rates. The largest yield reduction in this study was 27% and occurred when 35°C occurred for 10 h per day from flowering to maturity. No significant losses in yield occurred at high night temperature at any reproductive growth phase. The only significant interaction between day and night temperature for the yield components was for seed weight per plant during flowering and pod set. Night temperature stress did not occur at 30°C and a night temperature of 20°C did not reduce the yield loss from daytime high temperature stress. This study suggests that soybean seed yield reductions from high temperatures are primarily a response to day temperature and moderate to high night temperatures have a small affect on soybean seed yield components. Contribution as Journal Paper No. J-16045 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames; Project No. 2775
Acute albumin‐induced plasma volume expansion and heat exposure: Effects on hormonal periodicity in men

Abstract To determine the effects of acute plasma volume expansion and heat exposure on the periodic oscillations of selected hormones, two doses of albumin were administered intravenously followed by exposure to heat stress (37°C, 25–30% RH). Plasma volume was previously established by a dye dilution technique using indocyanine green. During heat exposure blood samples were taken from antecubital catheters at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours following completion of albumin or saline (control) infusion, and the plasma analyzed. No significant effects of heat stress or albumin administration were noted on circulating cortisol concentrations or on the diurnal/nocturnal periodicity of cortisol and aldosterone levels. There did occur a significant reduction in plasma levels of aldosterone as a result of albumin‐induced plasma volume expansion. We concluded that the duration and intensity of heat stress used in these studies had no effects on plasma hormonal levels and periodicities, but plasma volume expansion el...
The uniqueness of known dirac atomic eigenfunctions

This note observes from Rejto’s reducing subspace results that eigenfunctions of the Dirac atomic Hamiltonian do have the angular dependence form usually considered, and consequently proves the common conjecture that only the well known eigenfunctions and eigenvalues actually arise for this Hamiltonian.