cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalizing the Prediction of Bipolar Disorder Onset Across High-Risk Populations.

Objective Risk calculators (RC) to predict clinical outcomes are gaining interest. An RC to estimate risk of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) could help reduce the duration of undiagnosed BPSD and improve outcomes. Our objective was to adapt an RC previously validated in the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study (BIOS) sample to achieve adequate predictive ability in both familial high-risk and clinical high-risk youths. Method Participants (aged 6−12 years at baseline) from the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study (N = 473) were evaluated semi-annually. Evaluations included a Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders (K-SADS) interview. After testing an RC that closely approximated the original, we made modifications to improve model prediction. Models were trained in the BIOS data, which included biennial K-SADS assessments, and tested in LAMS. The final model was then trained in LAMS participants, including family history of BPSD as a predictor, and tested in the familial high-risk sample. Results Over follow-up, 65 youths newly met criteria for BPSD. The original RC identified youths who developed BPSD only moderately well (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.67). Eliminating predictors other than the K-SADS screening items for mania and depression improved accuracy (AUC = 0.73) and generalizability. The model trained in LAMS, including family history as a predictor, performed well in the BIOS sample (AUC = 0.74). Conclusion The clinical circumstances under which the assessment of symptoms occurs affects RC accuracy; focusing on symptoms related to the onset of BPSD improved generalizability. Validation of the RC under clinically realistic circumstances will be an important next step.
Adolescent nicotine treatment causes robust locomotor sensitization during adolescence but impedes the spontaneous acquisition of nicotine intake in adult female Wistar rats.

Abstract Very few people are able to quit smoking, and therefore it is essential to know which factors contribute to the development of compulsive nicotine use. These studies aimed to investigate if early-adolescent nicotine exposure causes locomotor sensitization and affects anxiety-like behavior and the spontaneous acquisition of intravenous nicotine self-administration. Early-adolescent male and female rats were treated with nicotine from postnatal (P) days 24 to 42, and anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity were investigated one day after the cessation of nicotine treatment and in adulthood (>P75). The spontaneous acquisition of nicotine self-administration was also investigated in adulthood. The rats self-administered 0.03 mg/kg/infusion of nicotine for six days under a fixed-ratio (FR) 1 schedule and four days under an FR2 schedule (3-h sessions). Repeated nicotine administration increased locomotor activity, rearing, and stereotypies in a small open field in adolescent male and female rats. One day after the last nicotine injection, the percentage of open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze test was decreased in the males and increased in the females. However, locomotor activity in the small open field was unaffected. Adolescent nicotine treatment did not affect anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity in adulthood. During the 10-day nicotine self-administration period, the females had a higher level of nicotine intake than the males. Adolescent nicotine treatment decreased nicotine intake in the females. In conclusion, these findings indicate that repeated nicotine administration during adolescence causes robust behavioral sensitization and leads to lower nicotine intake in females throughout the acquisition period in adulthood in rats.
A Compact and Broadband On-Chip Delay Line Design Based on the Bridged T-Coil

This paper presents a design approach for on-chip realization of compact and broadband delay units based on the bridged T-coil. Closed-form design equations for the bridged T-coil circuit elements are derived from the 2nd order Pade approximation. Standardized delay units are designed having high isolation from adjacent circuitry by use of a guard ring. The main layout parasitics are incorporated into the design and a detailed design procedure together with a parasitic circuit model is presented. Two delay units for 20-ps and 30-ps delay are designed in a TowerSemi 0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS process to demonstrate the design approach. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations demonstrate the flatness of the group delay responses up to 13 GHz for the 20-ps delay and up to 8 GHz for the 30-ps delay, exceeding the bandwidths obtained with the Pade approximation design with negligible increase in insertion loss and negligible ripple in the flat group delay region. The maximum insertion loss in the region with flat group delay is less than 1dB.
Herbatian formalism in Bohemia

From a bird’s eye view, the history of 19th century aesthetics can be cast in terms of strife between two mutually opposed philosophical camps. On the one hand, the champions of a content-oriented understanding of beauty as the sensory manifestation of the idea (the followers of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel) and, on the other hand, the formalists (inspired by Johann Friedrich Herbart) who conceived of beauty as a purely relational category devoid of any content. My paper focuses on the robust development of the formal school at Prague University after 1850 exemplified by the theories of Robert Zimmermann (1824-1898), Josef Durdik (1837-1902), and Otakar Hostinský (1847-1910). It concludes with posing the question whether the structuralist aesthetics advanced in mid-1930s by the Prague Linguistic Circle was not, in fact, an echo of the indigenous Herbartian formalism.
An empirical investigation of coaching ingredients: the role of the coach-coachee relationship in influencing coaching outcomes

An important issue in coaching research is determining the role of the coach-coachee relationship in influencing outcomes. Although some studies have found that the relationship is a predictor of o...
NEUROTOXIC FACTORS TARGETING THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM

The past several decades have seen an outburst of research on dopaminergic neurotoxins that might underlie Parkinson’s disease (PD). These are summarized as endogenous, primarily dopamine (DA)-derived, and exogenous (environmental) agents. In some cases, important metabolic steps for neurotoxin activation, brain accumulation and selective uptake, i.e., oxidation (nitrogen or sulfur), N-methylation (quaternization) and/or conjugation routes, are necessitated.
Successful treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis with isotretinoin

Importance: Variably considered as a localized subtype of pustular psoriasis, palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is commonly treated with topical steroids, acitretin, and local phototherapy with oral or topical psoralen (PUVA). The utility of acitretin for PPP is limited by adverse effects such as myalgias and an extended risk of teratogenicity in female patients. Isotretinoin is a more tolerable retinoid with a shorter teratogenic window, but to date its effectiveness in PPP has not been reported. Herein we present two patients with PPP who responded well to isotretinoin treatment. Observations: Two patients with PPP refractory to topical therapies were started on acitretin. Both patients developed adverse effects (including headache, myalgias, and mood alterations) leading to acitretin discontinuation. Isotretinoin monotherapy was started in one patient resulting in significant clearing of palmar plaques and scale, and the addition of isotretinoin to UVA therapy resulted in near-complete clearing of recalcitrant plantar plaques in the second patient. Conclusions and Relevance: Acitretin represents an important treatment for PPP, but is limited by adverse effects and extended teratogenicity. Our experience supports the utility of isotretinoin as a potential therapeutic alternative, which may be particularly beneficial in patients who are poor candidates for or unable to tolerate acitretin therapy.
Mini-open rotator cuff repair using a two-row fixation technique: Outcomes analysis in patients with small, moderate, and large rotator cuff tears

Mini-open rotator cuff repair has been used successfully to treat small- and moderate-sized rotator cuff tears but not large tears (>3 cm and <5 cm). We use a 2-row fixation technique of repairing the torn cuff to the humerus. We sought to determine if this technique would produce successful results in patients with larger rotator cuff tears. The results of 75 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression with acromioplasty and mini-open rotator cuff repair were evaluated. All patients were evaluated at a minimum 24 months postoperatively (mean, 27 months). All patients were treated with a mini-open rotator cuff repair using a 2-row fixation technique. Patients were evaluated at follow-up with a focused shoulder examination, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Shoulder Questionnaire, and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Rating Scale. There were 49 male and 26 female patients, with a mean age of 54 years (range, 34-72 years). All patients failed a preoperative course of physical therapy and nonoperative management. Thirty patients were found to have a large rotator cuff tear (group I), 35 were found to have a moderate-sized tear (group II), and 10 patients had a small tear (group III) at the time of arthroscopy. There was no statistically significant difference in outcome between groups. The mean UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale for all groups was 33.6/35. Mean HSS Shoulder Questionnaire at follow-up was 91%. The mean time from surgery to full recovery was 7 months. Patient's subjective satisfaction based on their preinjury level of performance at most recent follow-up was 92.6%. Eighty-three percent (74/89) of patients returned to their preinjury activity; 93% of patients reported that they would undergo the procedure again. We believe that mini-open rotator cuff repair using a 2-row fixation technique can yield excellent results in patients with small, moderate, and large rotator cuff tears. There was no detectable difference in outcome between groups at 2-year follow-up on clinical evaluation.
Multiple Scattering of Sound by Internal Waves and Acoustic Characterization of Internal Wave Fields in Deep and Shallow Water

Abstract : The long-term goals are: 1) To improve understanding of the effects of internal waves (IWs) on sound propagation underwater. 2) To develop an empirical statistical description of IWs in shallow water. 3) To measure acoustically path-averaged energy of IWs in the ocean and variations of the energy on time scales from hours to years. 4) To develop a comprehensive model of the IW spectra in the deep ocean and their regional and temporal variability
Women, War, and Feminist Solidarity on the Web

This study investigates how some U.S. women are engaging in projects of solidarity around war on the Internet, how their positioning is represented, and how the site authors reach toward what MarAÂ­a Lugones describes as A¢â¬AliminalA¢â¬Â spaces for coalition. While Lugones views the ambivalence in liminality as A¢â¬Aboth a communicative opening and a communicative impasseA¢â¬Â (76), she sees possibilities if we continually keep in mind that we do not know another person and that we resist fitting her into a prefabricated narrative (84). This paper is part of a roundtable discussion on feminist solidarity with Layne Craig and Erin Hurt (A¢â¬ATheory and PraxisA¢â¬Â), Morgan Gresham (A¢â¬ACreating Feminist SolidarityA¢â¬Â), and Jessica Restaino (A¢â¬AMother RhetoricsA¢â¬Â). The websites examined are Women Against War and American Women in Uniform, Veterans Too!; this project outlines the ways in which these websites accomplish countering ignorance, contributing to solidarity around women and war, and forwarding feminist projects.
RDA, Resource Description & Access and Cartographic Resources by Paige G. Andrew, Susan M. Moore, and Mary Lynette Larsgaard

Resource Description and Access (RDA) is currently one of the most important and elemental changes to the world of library cataloging. RDA implementation greatly improves the description of and acc...
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis induced by intraarterial vasopressin therapy.

Two patients developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis after infusions of vasopressininto the superior mesenteric or gastroduodenal arteries for upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The peritonitis in these patients differed from the typical picture in which a single aerobic organism is responsible, by the presence of multiple organisms, some of which were anaerobic. These findings suggest that the arterial vasoconstriction decreased the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and permitted the transmural migration of enteric organisms from the lumen of the bowel into the ascites-filled peritoneal cavity.
An ac impedance in situ methodology for assessing high reliability performance of plastic encapsulated microelectronics in harsh environments

Conventional procedures for assessing environmental durability of encapsulated IC's use periodic function testing after exposure to elevated temperature and high relative humidity (RH) for designated periods of time. This procedure is time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly. A test methodology using ac impedance allows early detection of degradation and has the potential to assess, without lengthy testing, if a part will perform reliably in a harsh environment. The ac impedance approach monitors the frequency dependence of the impedance of suitable circuit paths on a test chip or an IC. Development of diffusion paths in the encapsulant and any incipient corrosion processes that attack conductor paths and/or create leakage current paths alter the impedance spectrum significantly. This permits detection of the beginning stages of corrosion and moisture damage to the encapsulant long before the loss of functionality of the device. Results show that the ac impedance method offers the capability of real-time quantitative monitoring of the chemical degradation processes within the package.
Nipple discharge: The role of imaging

Nipple discharge is a common symptom in breast medicine. It is usually benign in origin (papillomas and galactophore duct ectasia) although it is essential not to miss the risk of an underlying malignant lesion (5%) mostly due to in situ carcinomas. Clinical examination is essential in the management, distinguishing benign "physiological" discharge from discharge suspected of being "pathological" in which further investigations with mammography and ultrasound are required. When the conventional imaging assessment for pathological nipple discharge is normal, breast MRI is gradually replacing galactography although this is still an emerging and invalidated indication. In this context and if the whole imaging assessment is normal, surgery is no longer the only solution for patients, who can now be offered regular monitoring.
Surveillance for Bloodborne Infections

Introduction: Since blood is a biological product, it is a natural vehicle for transmission of infectious agents, and until an artificial blood substitute is developed, the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections will probably not be eliminated. Three agencies of the Department of Health and Human Services-the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Institutes of Health (NIH)-have collaborated with partners in local and state public health departments, academia, industry, and consumers to develop prevention strategies addressing emerging infectious disease threats to public health, including the safety of the U.S. blood supply. Four critical components of these prevention strategies are as follows: surveillance and response capabilities; integration of laboratory science and epidemiology (i.e., “applied research”) to optimize public health practice; prevention and control activities to enhance communication of public health information; and a strengthening of local, state, and federal infrastructures to support these activities.1 As highlighted by the Institute of Medicine, in its series of reports about the ongoing threat to health posed by emerging infectious diseases, surveillance is the critical lynchpin for the public health response to both known and unrecognized pathogenic threats.2 Surveillance data can be used to monitor and track temporal and demographic trends of disease, alert us to outbreaks or unexpected alterations in disease frequency or affected populations, serve as a basis for subsequent epidemiologic and laboratory investigations to describe the natural history of a disease or identify risk factors for its occurrence, and evaluate intervention strategies.2,3 This paper will review programs of surveillance in the U.S. to detect established and emerging infectious risks, with an emphasis on those that address blood safety. In addition, recent examples or case studies that illustrate the responsiveness of U.S. surveillance systems to blood safety issues will be presented.
Structure and Evolution of the Actin Gene Family in Arabidopsis thaliana

Higher plants contain families of actin-encoding genes that are divergent and differentially expressed. Progress in understanding the functions and evolution of plant actins has been hindered by the large size of the actin gene families. In this study, we characterized the structure and evolution of the actin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA blot analyses with gene-specific probes suggested that all 10 of the Arabidopsis actin gene family members have been isolated and established that Arabidopsis has a much simpler actin gene family than other plants that have been examined. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the Arabidopsis gene family contains at least two ancient classes of genes that diverged early in land plant evolution and may have separated vegetative from reproductive actins. Subsequent divergence produced a total of six distinct subclasses of actin, and five showed a distinct pattern of tissue specific expression. The concordance of expression patterns with the phylogenetic structure is discussed. These subclasses appear to be evolving independently, as no evidence of gene conversion was found. The Arabidopsis actin proteins have an unusually large number of nonconservative amino acid substitutions, which mapped to the surface of the actin molecule, and should effect protein-protein interactions.
Transition from soliton to chaotic motion during impact of a nonlinear elastic structure

Abstract The existence of a transition from soliton-like motion to chaotic motion in a periodic structure with buckling nonlinearity is demonstrated. An experiment consisting of nine elastic oscillators coupled with buckling sensitive elastica was constructed. The experiment showed a strong sensitivity to initial conditions, demonstrated by the comparison of its response to several near identical impact loads. A numerical model based on a modified Toda lattice was developed and verified the observed sensitivity to initial conditions. Contour plots of energy flow in the numerical model suggest that this sensitivity can be related to a transition from relatively ordered wave motion, immediately following the impact, to disordered chaotic motions at a later time. These findings are relevant to space structures, ship and aircraft structures which are subjected to large dynamic loads.
Irradiation effects on dispersion type BeO-UO2 fuels for ebor

Abstract Fuel pellets composed of 70 vol % BeO-30 vol % UO 2 have been irradiated to a burnup of 55 per cent of the U 235 atoms (corresponding to 3.7 × l 0 20 fissions per cc). The peak fuel temperature was 1100° C. The experiment was designed to study the effect of UO 2 -fuel particle size on the performance of fuel pellets at temperatures, heat flux conditions, and burnups that are of interest to the Experimental Beryllium Oxide Reactor program. The coarse particle pellets showed little change in dimension and remained intact. The fine particle pellets fractured into several pieces. The release of fission gases from the fine particle pellets was less than 0.1 per cent. No fission gas release data were obtained for the coarse particle pellets.
An accurate and economical method for the biological assay of aconite tincture.

A method is described for the quantitative assay of aconite tincture. The principle employed involves the administration of intravenous injections of the tincture in mice. A comparison of LD 50 doses of Reference Standard Aconitine Solution with diluted tinctures is employed for the assay. The standard error of a series of assays was found to be less than two per cent.
A note on the spatial structure of the covariability of observed Northern Hemisphere surface air temperatures

The spatial structure of covariability in the surface air temperature records of the last 109 years is examined using factor analysis. From the results it is indicated that the Northern Hemisphere can be objectively divided into 15 regions with each region having a similar covariance structure of surface air temperatures. From such a division it is noted that warming is evident over 11 out of the 15 regions. The strongest warming is not, however, confined to specific latitudinal belts, for example, the tropics or the arctic, nor is the strongest warming confined to a specific continent. As a consequence of the coarse spatial dsitribution of available data, results should be considered preliminary.
Identification of a novel marker associated with risk for delayed chemotherapy-induced vomiting.

Purpose Besides chemotherapy drugs, a number of patient-related factors (i.e., gender, age, history of alcohol consumption, and/or motion sickness) may be used to calculate the risk for chemotherapy-induced vomiting. We evaluated data with the intent of identifying a unique variable associated with delayed vomiting in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC).
Modeling of in situ monitored laser reflectance during MOCVD growth of HgCdTe

An effective way to in situ monitor the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of HgCdTe/CdTe/ZnTe on GaAs or GaAs/Si substrates is presented. Specular He-Ne laser reflectance was used to in situ monitor the growth rates, layer thickness, and morphology for each layer in the grown multilayer structure. In situ monitoring has enabled precise measurements of ZnTe nucleation and CdTe buffer layer thicknesses. Monitoring the constancy of reflectance during the thicker CdTe buffer growth where absorption in the CdTe reduces reflectance to just the surface component has led to optimum buffer growth ensuring good quality of subsequently grown HgCdTe. During the interdiffused multilayer process (IMP) HgCdTe growth, because multiple interfaces are present within the absorption length, a periodic reflectance signal is maintained throughout this growth cycle. A theoretical model was developed to extract IMP layer thicknesses from in situ recorded experimental data. For structures that required the growth of a larger band gap HgCdTe cap layer on top of a smaller band gap active layer, in situ monitored reflectance data allowed determination of alloy composition in the cap layer as well. Continuous monitoring of IMP parameters established the stability of growth conditions, translating into depth uniformity of the grown material, and allowed diagnosis of growth rate instabilities in terms of changes in the HgTe and CdTe parts of the IMP cycle. A unique advantage of in situ laser monitoring is the opportunity to perform “interactive” crystal growth, a development that is a key to real time MOCVD HgCdTe feedback growth control.
Statistical Inferences for Two One-Parameter Families

Abstract When the density function of a univariate random variable depends on only one parameter that is either the lower bound or the upper bound of the range of nonzero probability, some relatively simple results are available for point estimation, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals.
Bordetella pertussis causing otitis media: A case report

Objective/HypothesisBordetella pertussis is an unusual cause of otitis media with effusion. We report a case in a neonate. Study Design Case report. Methods A case is presented. Results A 1-month-old infant girl was admitted because of respiratory distress and subsequently was found to have pertussis. On examination she was noted to have a middle ear effusion. Myringotomy was performed for culture. Culture confirmed B pertussis. We were unable to find a previous report of B pertussis otitis media. ConclusionBordetella pertussis has been identified in the middle ear effusion of an infant with the pertussis syndrome.
A brief HIV intervention for adolescents and young adults.

The delivery format of an HIV prevention program that had been efficacious with youths at high risk was modified from seven relatively short sessions over a one-to two-month period to three longer sessions over a one- to two-week period. In contrast to youths in the seven-session program, no change in sexual behavior was observed among those in the redesigned program at three-month follow-up. However, change was apparent in the mediators of high-risk behavior over the same period.
Extracellular signals, transcriptional responses and cellular specificity

The expression of a relatively small set of common primary response genes is frequently induced, in a variety of cellular responses, by growth factors, protein hormones and neurotransmitters. The characterization of these genes and their products may provide clues to the mechanisms by which ligand- and cell-specific responses may be generated.
COMPARING STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS IN AN ONLINE TUTORIAL

The purpose of this study was to compare traditional classification training for a set of abstract concepts with multiple-relations training consisting of inference practice and the use of a content diagram. To examine this, 200 undergraduate and graduate psychology students completed a Web-based tutorial covering the abstract concepts of a psychological theory of language and cognition. All participants received the same core instructional content and practice activities varied by experimental condition: some participants received classification training, some received multiple-relations training, some received a combination of both, and some received neither. Performance on a posttest with three subsections was evaluated. Participants who received classification training were significantly better at identifying new instances of the concepts than participants who did not. Neither classification training nor multiple-relations training had a significant effect on ability to identify concept definitions or answer application questions. Implications for the development of instruction for abstract concepts are discussed.
Newly Determined Carboxy Terminal Sequences in Tropoelastin: Immunologic Identification in Insoluble Elastin

The carboxy terminal sequence of sheep, bovine and human tropoelastin (GFPGGACLGKA/SCGRKRK) has been inferred in earlier studies from sequencing of cloned complementary and genomic DNA. However, this putative carboxy terminal sequence was not found previously in peptides recovered from tryptic digests of tropoelastin. In order to determine whether the amino acid sequence described above is found in insoluble elastin, antibodies were raised against the chemically synthesized peptides with the appropriate sequences and the antibodies were shown to react with peptides derived from human, bovine, porcine, dog and hamster insoluble elastins. These results strongly suggest that the sequence (GFPGGACLGKA/SCGRKRK) at the carboxy terminus of tropoelastin is found in the elastins of many species.
Characterization of Ca2+-Binding Sites in the Kidney Stone Inhibitor Glycoprotein Nephrocalcin Using Vanadyl Ions: Different Metal Binding Properties in Strong and Weak Inhibitor Proteins Revealed by EPR and ENDOR†

Nephrocalcin (NC), a calcium-binding glycoprotein of 14,000 molecular weight as a monomer, is known to inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals in renal tubules. We have isolated NC from bovine kidney tissue and purified into four isoforms, fractions A-D. NC-A and NC-B strongly inhibit the growth of COM crystals, and NC-C and NC-D inhibit crystal growth weakly. The strongly inhibitor proteins are abundant in normal subjects, whereas stone formers excrete less of NC-A and NC-B and more of NC-C and NC-D. NC-C was characterized with respect to its metal binding sites by using vanadyl ion (VO2+) as a paramagnetic probe in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopic studies. We demonstrated that VO2+ binds to NC-C with a stoichiometry of metal:protein binding of 4:1 and that VO2+ competes with Ca2+ in binding to NC-C. In NC-C, the metal ion is exposed to solvent water molecules and two water molecules are detected in the inner coordination sphere of the metal ion by ENDOR. In the metal binding environment of NC-A, as reported previously (Mustafi, D., & Nakagawa, Y. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 11323-11327), inner sphere coordinated water is completely excluded. Based on the results of the metal binding properties in both strong and weak inhibitor proteins, a probable mechanism of inhibition of COM crystal growth by NC has been outlined.
Presenilins: A novel link between intracellular calcium signaling and lysosomal function?

Mutations in presenilins (PS), transmembrane proteins encoding the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, result in familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Several studies have identified lysosomal defects in cells lacking PS or expressing FAD-associated PS mutations, which have been previously attributed to a function for PS in lysosomal acidification. Now, in this issue, Coen et al. (2012. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201201076) provide a series of results that challenge this idea and propose instead that presenilins play a role in calcium-mediated lysosomal fusion.
Schedule-Induced Masseter EMG in Facial Pain Subjects vs. No-Pain Controls

Abstract Gramling, S. E., R. L. Grayson, T. N. Sullivan and S. Schwartz. Schedule-induced masseter EMG in facial pain subjects vs. no-pain controls. Physiol Behav 61(2) 301–309, 1997.—Empirical reports suggest that oral habits (e.g., teeth clenching) may be behavioral mediators linking stress to muscle hyperreactivity and the development of facial pain. Another report suggests that excessive behavioral adjuncts develop in conjunction with fixed-time stimulus presentation. The present study assessed the extent to which the oral habits exhibited by facial pain patients are schedule-induced. Subjects with Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) symptomatology ( n = 15) and pain-free controls ( n = 15) participated in a 4-phase experiment (adaptation, baseline, task, recovery) designed to elicit schedule-induced behaviors. Self-report of oral habits and negative affect were recorded after each phase. Objective measures of oral habits were obtained via behavioral observation and masseter EMG recordings. Results revealed that negative arousal significantly increased during the fixed-time (FT) task and was also associated with increased oral habits among the TMD subjects. Moreover, 40% of the TMD subjects and none of the controls exhibited a pattern of EMG elevations in the early part of the inter-stimulus interval that met a strict criteria for scheduled-induced behavior per se. Taken together, these results suggest that the TMD subjects were engaging in schedule-induced oral habits. The adjunctive behavior literature seems to provide a plausible explanation as to how oral habits develop and are maintained in TMD patients, despite their painful consequences.
Commercial Production and Management of Wild Bees--a New Entomological Industry

As early as 1940, agronomist H. M. Tysdal emphasized the importance of wild bees for alfalfa seed production. He noted the particular value of native species of leafcutting bees in the Great Plains and alkali bees, Nomia melanderi Cockerell, in the Intermountain West, and recommended research on these and other wild bees. Apiculturists G. H. Vansell and F. E. Todd in 1945 demonstrated the value of honey bees for alfalfa pollination in central Utah and at the same time mentioned the effectiveness of alkali bees as alfalfa pollinators where they were abundant. By 1950 California seed growers were renting honey bees for alfalfa pollination and obtaining thereby some outstanding seed yields (up to 1400 pounds per acre). Unfortunately, honey bees collected very little pollen from alfalfa in areas north of southern California and, as a result, their usefulness was somewhat limited. In the early 1950's, after alkali bees were touted as pollinators by the pollination laboratory at Logan, Utah, by W. P. Stephen at Corvallis, Oreg. and by H. F. Menke at Wapato, Wash., farmers of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Wyoming (in areas where alkali bees were abundant) began growing alfalfa seed more extensively and intensively than previously. At first, management of the pollinators was limited to exercising some care in the use of insecticides, a few efforts to fence off known nesting areas, and attempts to increase the size of the sites by expanding the zones of seepage in which the bees were nesting.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PRAWN NERVE SHEATHS: Role of Fixative and Osmotic Pressure in Vesiculation of Thin Cytoplasmic Laminae

The sheaths from freshly teased nerve fibers of the prawn exhibit a positive radial birefringence, consistent with their EM appearance as highly organized laminated structures composed of numerous thin cytoplasmic sheets or laminae bordered by unit membranes and arranged concentrically around the axon. The closely apposed membranes in these sheaths are fragile and often break down into rows of vesicles during fixation. Desmosome-like attachment zones occur in many regions of the sheath. The membranes within these zones resist vesiculation and thereby provide a "control" region for relating the type of vesicles formed in the fragile portions of the sheaths to the specific fixation conditions. It is proposed that during fixation the production of artifactual vesicles is governed by an interplay of three factors: (a) direct chemical action of the fixative on the polar strata of adjacent unit membranes, (b) osmotic forces applied to membranes during fixation, and (c) the pre-existing natural relations between adjacent membranes. It is found that permanganate best preserves the continuity of the membranes but will still produce vesicles if the fixative exerts severe osmotic forces. These results support other reports (19) of the importance of comparing tissues fixed by complementary procedures so that systematic artifacts will not be described as characteristic of the natural state.
Evaluation of internal carotid artery stenosis by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and oculopneumoplethysmography.

We compared the results of cerebral angiography, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of the middle cerebral artery and oculopneumoplethysmography in 35 subjects. The subjects included eight with normal cerebral arteriograms and 27 with varying degrees of internal carotid stenosis. We found a statistically significant (P = .0001) decreasing linear trend in the middle cerebral artery flow acceleration as a function of the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis. We also observed a decreasing trend in oculopneumoplethysmography (P = .0004) as a function of the degree of internal carotid stenosis. This latter relationship was enhanced with the addition of a quadratic term in the regression model (P = .02). We also found that there was a statistically significant reduction in the flow acceleration, on average, when comparing carotid stenosis of 75 to 100% to lesser degrees of stenosis (P = .0001). This was also the case for oculopneumoplethysmography (P less than .02). The flow acceleration and oculopneumoplethysmography appear to be relatively sensitive indicators of the distal hemodynamic effect of internal carotid artery stenosis.
Screening of Glycine max and Glycine soja genotypes for multiple shoot formation at the cotyledonary node

To identify genotypes which may give better plant regeneration responses in vitro, multiple shoots were induced from 155 Glycine max and 13 Glycine soja genotypes from maturity groups ‘000’ to ‘VII’ on B5 medium supplemented with 1 or 5 μmol benzylaminopurine (BAP). The average number of shoots formed show genotype specific and hormone concentration specific responses, with number of shoots ranging from 1 to 12 for different genotypes. The results were reproducible with different seed lots of the same genotype and genotypes with similar genetic backgrounds responded in a similar fashion. No hybrid vigor was observed, except in one instance of F1 hybrids between low shoot producers where the number of shoots obtained were higher than either parent. The root forming ability of cuttings of soybean plants grown in vivo showed general agreement with shoot forming ability in vitro. The ability to form multiple shoots appears to be genetically controlled.
Interrater Reliability to Assure Valid Content in Peer Review of CME-Accredited Presentations.

Introduction The Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) provides guidelines for continuing medical education (CME) materials to mitigate problems in the independence or validity of content in certified activities; however, the process of peer review of materials appears largely unstudied and the reproducibility of peer-review audits for ACCME accreditation and designation of American Medical Association Category 1 Credit(TM) is unknown. Methods Categories of presentation defects were constructed from discussions of the CME committee of the American Epilepsy Society: (1) insufficient citation, (2) poor formatting, (3) nonacknowledgment of non-FDA-approved use, (4) misapplied data, (5) 1-sided data, (6) self- or institutional promotion, (7) conflict of interest/commercial bias, (8) other, or (9) no defect. A PowerPoint lecture (n = 29 slides) suitable for presentation to general neurologists was purposefully created with the above defects. A multirater, multilevel kappa statistic was determined from the number and category of defects. Results Of 14 reviewers, 12 returned completed surveys (86%) identifying a mean +/- standard deviation 1.6 +/- 1.1 defects/slide. The interrater kappa equaled 0.115 (poor reliability) for number of defects/slides. No individual categories achieved kappa > 0.38. Discussion Interrater reliability on the rating of durable materials used in subspecialty CME was poor. Guidelines for CME appropriate content are too subjective to be applied reliably by raters knowledgeable in their specialty field but relatively untrained in the specifics of CME requirements. The process of peer review of CME materials would be aided by education of physicians on validation of materials appropriate for CME.
Semiconductor Quantum Rods as Single Molecule Fluorescent Biological Labels

In this paper, we report the development of rod-shaped semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum rods) as fluorescent biological labels. Water-soluble biocompatible quantum rods have been prepared by surface silanization and applied for nonspecific cell tracking as well as specific cellular targeting. Quantum rods are brighter single molecule probes as compared to quantum dots. They have many potential applications as biological labels in situations where their properties offer advantages over quantum dots.
Software as a service: ASP and ASP aggregation

The tutorial "Software as a Service: ASP and ASP aggregation" will give an introduction and overview of the concept of "renting" access to software to customers (subscribers). Application service providers (ASPs) are enterprises hosting one or more applications and provide access to subscribers over the Internet by means of browser technology. Furthermore, the underlying technologies are discussed to enable application hosting. The concept of ASP aggregation is introduced to provide a single access point and a single sign-on capability to subscribers sub-scribing to more than one hosted application in more than one ASP.
Training Counseling Students to Work More Effectively with Short-Term Clients

Most clients attend only a few sessions before dropping out of counseling and, consequently, never traverse the series of stages delineated in many counseling process models. There is frequently a mismatch between the counseling process as portrayed in many counseling textbooks with the counseling process students are likely to experience when they begin practicum and internship placements. Based on the counseling duration and premature termination literature, this article considers several models that counselor educators could adopt to better prepare students to work with the large proportion of clients who will often attend only a few sessions before terminating contact.
Axial pressure profiles in non‐newtonian flow: Part II: Viscometric flow and relaxation phenomena analyses

Extensive pressure profile data were compiled for a 16.5% polyisobutylene solution in mineral spirits. Values of stored elastic energy obtained from these data compare favorably with those ascertained from die swell and from entrance correction methods. The viscometric normal stress differences were significantly larger than the shear stress and, particularly, the second normal stress rose to a maximum where it was an order of magnitude larger than the first normal stress difference. Time constants calculated from swell decay and entrance-borne elastic stress relaxation are essentially the same and show an approximate inverse relation to the shear rate. On a assemble des donnees elaborees sur des profils de presion, dans le cas d'une solution (de 16.5% de concentration) de polyisobutylene dans un solvant de petrole. Les valeurs d'energie elastique emmagasinees qu'ou a obtenues a partir des dites donnees se sont comparees avantageusement avec celles qu'on avait notees avec le gonflement du moule et les methodes de correction a l'entree. Les differences en viscosite de la contrainte normale se sont averees appreciablement plus grandes que dam le cas de la contrainte de cisaillement; en outre, la seconde contrainte normale a atteint un sommet qui correspondait a un ordre de grandeur plus eleve que la difference de la premiire coutrainte normale. On a trouve que les constantes de temps, calculees a partir de la diminution du gonflement et de la relaxation de la contrainte elastique produite a l'entree, etaient essentiellement les memes et etaient en relation approximativement inverse a la vitesse de cisaillement.
Apolipoprotein EBethesda Isolation and partial characterization of a variant of human apolipoprotein e isolated from very low density lipoproteins

A variant of apolipoprotein E, denoted E Bethesda, has been identified in the plasma of a 72-year-old woman with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. An offspring of the proband also has this variant and type III hyperlipoproteinemia. Apolipoprotein E Bethesda was isolated by preparative isoelectrofocusing followed by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from the very low density lipoproteins of the proband's son. The purity and the identity of the preparation were analyzed by analytical SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and by immunochemical analysis. Apolipoprotein E Bethesda migrates in the E 1 position and its electrophoretic mobility is not affected by neuraminidase treatment. The protein is shifted to the E3 position after cysteamine treatment. The amino acid composition revealed the presence of two cysteine residues. These data support the concept that the apolipoprotein E Bethesda allele is derived from a mutation of the E2 or E2* allele.
AN INHIBITORY EFFECT OF SALIVARY GLAND EXTIRPATION ON THE INDUCTION OF MAMMARY TUMORS IN RATS BY N, N'‐2,7‐FLUORENYLENEBISACETAMIDE

N,N'2-2,7-Flourenylenebisacetamide (2.7-FAA) was administered orally to 34 female, strain AXC/I rats. Nineteen were pretreated with the extirpation of the salivary glands. The remaining 15 rats received no surgical treatment. Six of these 15 unoperated rats developed mammary carcinomas and seven developed tumors at other sites, whereas none of 19 operated rats had mammary tumors but 8 rats had tumors at other sites. No tumor developed in 4 operated control rats that were on normal diet. The results demonstrate that pretreatment with extirpation of the salivary glands inhibited mammary tumor induction in rats by 2,7-FAA although it did not inhibit induction of other type tumors. The mechanism by which induction of mammary tumors was inhibited is not clear. Ovarian atrophy and hepatic necrosis were observed in both operated and unoperated rats ingesting 2,7-FAA but did not seem to affect carcinogenesis by the carcinogen. Lower body weight was observed in operated rats but it is not considered to be the major cause of a complete inhibition of mammary tumor induction.
Dependence of immune responses of “nonresponder” H-2s mice on determinant concentration in poly(GLU60 ALA30 TYR10) and on complementation between nonresponder mice of the same H-2p haplotype

Abstract It has been conclusively shown that there are conditions under which mice of H-2 s halotype, previously considered to be nonresponders to the random terpolymer (Glu 60 Ala 30 Tyr 10 ) n , do respond. These T cell dependent responses are associated with all GAT 10 preparations which consist of a mixture of heterogeneous polymers containing varying amounts of the three amino acids and especially tyrosine. Moreover as the above mice respond to the closely related polymers GA, GAL 10 and GAT 4 but not to GT which is immunosuppressive, GAT 10 can be considered to consist of immunogenic and nonimmunogenic (tolerogenic) molecules, the latter associated with GAT containing glutamyl determinants with high concentrations of tyrosine. It is therefore, suggested that the Ir gene controlling the positive responses against the GAT 10 polymers recognize GA determinants ( Ir GA gene ). For H-2 s mice immunized with 10 μg the entire GAT 10 preparation is non-immunogenic. However, immunization with 100 μg (in complete Freund's adjuvant) activates both helper and suppressor T cells. Between days 14–21, the balance between these two distinct classes of T cells is in favour of the helper T cells which then results in antibody production. The injections of anti-l-J s antiserum into SJL mice immunized with 10 μg GAT 10 has accomplished the same effect by elimination of the suppressor T cells (Pierres et al., 1978). These findings indicate that in most immune responses, we are dealing with balances between helper and suppressor T cells rather than absolutes. An unusual ‘complementation’ in responses by F1 mice of H-2 p haplotype has been presented. Although none of the inbred or cogenic strains of mice of H-2 p haplotype respond to GAT 10 , of several F1 combinations studied only (B10.P × P) F1 mice have responded to 10–100 μg GAT 10 . The nonresponsiveness of P/J mice to MBSA-GAT 10 indicates a possible deficiency in these mice at the B cell level. This, coupled with the responses of the F1 hybrids of two nonresponding parents suggest that we might be dealing with a mechanism of complementation of two nonresponders analogous to that reported on by Munro and Taussig, i.e. complementation of two sites of nonresponsiveness. One site might be a defect in the making of helper factor, which is a T cell defect, and the other might be a defect in the response to helper factor i.e. a B cell defect.
The Impact of Nuclear Medicine on the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Disease

Recent advances in the methods of diagnostic cardiology have brought a change in emphasis toward noninvasive patient study. Nuclear Medicine techniques play an important part among noninvasive methods which enable diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation in the majority of patients with cardiac problems, without resorting to dangerous, painful and costly cardiac catheterization. Discussed are only a few of the myriad clinical applications which are rapidly making nuclear medicine techniques an integral part of the cardiologic diagnostic armamentarium.