cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crustal Heatl Flow, A Guide to Measurement & Modeling

Temperature variations and thermal properties of the Earth influence many processes and features of interest to geoscientists, and a diverse array of geoscientists have used thermal data in a variety of applications. However, heat flow is a relatively small field in terms of the number of specialists—barely more than 200 worldwide—and non-specialist users of thermal data commonly lack the basic knowledge and understanding necessary to avoid errors in application and interpretation. Crustal Heat Flow, A Guide to Measurement & Modeling, by G. R. Beardsmore and J. P. Cull, promises to provide the necessary background to ensure accuracy in analysis of thermal data, and to function as a handbook for all geologists and geophysicists who analyze thermal data.
Selling Compromise Toys, Motherhood, and the Cultural Deal

The turbulent social conflict over what counts as good-enough mothering and the greedy institution of work leaves many women trapped in what Joan Williams called the gender system of domesticity. Like self-help books, advertisements can lead mothers toward a culturally sanctioned compromise. This article looks at the “cultural deals” being offered for mothers by toy catalogs. The author examined the marketing of more than 3,500 toys in 11 catalogs fromthe 2000-2001holiday season. She found that the catalogs presented toys as solutions that would allow mothers to be good mothers without having to physically be there, even as the advertising copy evoked images of companionship and togetherness. Catalogs also emphasized skill building over fun, defined only certain skills as skills in the first place, and dismissed nurturing as feelings at best worth of expression and not of practice. The author argues that the toys promise to perpetuate for the children the same contradictions the catalogs purport to solve ...
The modeling of a two-diode photovoltaic module for power system simulations

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) arrays to the power grid has continued to increase globally. Large PV array installations in the order of 100s of megawatt have already been installed. One of such large PV array installations is the Topaz PV array with an installed capacity of 500MW. With the increasing penetration of PV arrays, it is important to develop an accurate model for PV arrays. Such model will aid in performing state estimation, condition monitoring, load flow analysis, and other analytical studies. Several models for the PV module have been proposed in various publications. However, these models are written in a form that is effective for analyzing the PV module as an individual device. To analyze the PV array in an integrated power system, the form of the PV array model needs to be modified. This modification enables the establishment of connectivity between power system devices, and the definition of the admittance between the buses of the power system network. Consequently, computations such as load flow analysis and state estimation can be performed seamlessly. In this paper, a novel method for modeling a two-diode PV module is proposed. This model applies a scaling factor to the Taylor series expansion of the PV array model exponential terms. Next, the higher order terms of series expansion is reduced to at most second order terms using quadratization technique. This modeling method can also be applied to other PV array models, such as the one-diode and three-diode models. The form of the proposed PV array model enables seamless simulation of the PV array system in an integrated power system network.
Vitamin D Elicits Anti-Inflammatory Response, Inhibits Contractile-Associated Proteins, and Modulates Toll-Like Receptors in Human Myometrial Cells

Infection during pregnancy triggers inflammation, which can increase myometrial contractions and the risk of premature labor and delivery. In this study, we assessed the effects of vitamin D, an anti-inflammatory ligand on cytokines, chemokines, toll-like receptors, and contractile-associated proteins on immortalized human myometrial smooth muscle (UtSM) cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, or interleukin (IL)-1β and measured Toll-like receptor (TLR)-10 expression in pregnant myometrial tissues. A superarray analysis revealed downregulation of the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-10, CXCL-11, and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand (CX3CL)-1; the proinflammatory cytokines IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; the TLR-4 and -5 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-2 and upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, as well as Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) and TREM-1 in vitamin D-treated UtSM cells. In the presence of LPS, vitamin D caused dose-dependent decreases in the messenger RNA expression of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-13, TNF-α, TLR-4, and TLR-5, the contractile-associated proteins connexin 43, the oxytocin receptor, and the prostaglandin receptor but caused increases in IL-10 and TLR-10 in UtSM cells. The TLR-10 expression was higher in human myometrial tissue obtained from women at term not in labor compared to labor. Vitamin D also attenuated IL-1β-induced MCP-1, IL-6, connexin 43, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and prostaglandin receptor expression. Western analysis showed that vitamin D decreased MCP-1, TLR-4, and connexin 43 in the presence of LPS and decreased connexin 43 in the presence of IL-1β. Our results suggest that vitamin D can potentially decrease infection-induced increases in cytokines and contractile-associated proteins in the myometrium.
Muscle sarcomere length following passive jaw opening in the rabbit

Sarcomere lengths were measured microscopically in formalin-fixed jaw muscles of 14 rabbits divided into two groups; jaw open, and jaw closed. The measurements were compared by means of a nested analysis of variance. The sarcomeres of the jaw open group were longer in the masseter and temporalis muscles (jaw elevators) and shorter in the digastric muscle (jaw depressor) than were those of the jaw closed group. In the jaw closed position, sarcomeres in the deep portion of the masseter muscle become markedly shorter than those in the superficial part of the muscle. The values for sarcomere length in the masseter muscle of the jaw open group and the digastric of the jaw closed group are near the top of the ascending limb of isometric length-tension relation for the rabbit digastric muscle.
DNA Replication Origin Function Is Promoted by H3K4 Di-methylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

DNA replication is a highly regulated process that is initiated from replication origins, but the elements of chromatin structure that contribute to origin activity have not been fully elucidated. To identify histone post-translational modifications important for DNA replication, we initiated a genetic screen to identify interactions between genes encoding chromatin-modifying enzymes and those encoding proteins required for origin function in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that enzymes required for histone H3K4 methylation, both the histone methyltransferase Set1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Bre1, are required for robust growth of several hypomorphic replication mutants, including cdc6-1. Consistent with a role for these enzymes in DNA replication, we found that both Set1 and Bre1 are required for efficient minichromosome maintenance. These phenotypes are recapitulated in yeast strains bearing mutations in the histone substrates (H3K4 and H2BK123). Set1 functions as part of the COMPASS complex to mono-, di-, and tri-methylate H3K4. By analyzing strains lacking specific COMPASS complex members or containing H2B mutations that differentially affect H3K4 methylation states, we determined that these replication defects were due to loss of H3K4 di-methylation. Furthermore, histone H3K4 di-methylation is enriched at chromosomal origins. These data suggest that H3K4 di-methylation is necessary and sufficient for normal origin function. We propose that histone H3K4 di-methylation functions in concert with other histone post-translational modifications to support robust genome duplication.
A RF source localization and tracking system

This paper describes an RF source localization and tracking system using an 8-element uniform circular array. The system is capable of precise RF source localization, fast target recognition and discrimination, fast spectral sensing, real-time processing for location tracking, and the suppression of jamming and multi-path signals. Existing systems and technology for precision location and tracking of non-cooperative RF emitters are costly and time consuming to develop and deploy, and some rely on satellite communication which is not always available and is susceptible to jamming. This novel RF source localization and tracking system offers strategic, fast, and low-cost advantages in the next generation of RF mapping, sensor networks, and mobile wireless systems since it is capable of automatic target localization and tracking, dynamic spectrum access, and directional power reception/radiation without relying on satellite communication.
SNS extraction kicker power supply prototype test

The SNS (Spallation Neutron Source) accumulator ring extraction system consists of a fast kicker and a Lambertson septum magnet. The proposed design will use 14 kicker magnets powered by an extraction kicker power supply system. They will eject the high power beam from the SNS accumulator ring into RTBT (ring to target beam tunnel) through a Lambertson septum magnet. This paper describes some test results of the SNS extraction kicker power supply prototype. The high repetition rate of 60 pulse per second operation is the challenging part of the design. In the prototype testing, a 3 kA damp current of 700 ns pulse-width, 200 ns rise time and 60 Hz repetition rate at 32 kV PFN operation voltage has been demonstrated. An extraction kicker power supply system design diagram is depicted.
Impairment of endothelial function in women with a history of preeclampsia: an indicator of cardiovascular risk

Preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy diagnosed by gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Epidemiological evidence suggests that women who experience preeclampsia are at a greater risk of hype...
Medically Important Fungi: A Guide to Identification – 5th Edition

Written by Davise H. Larone, PhD 485 pages. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2011. $109.95. ISBN: 978-1555816605. This book is like a fine wine: it gets better with age, and fungi are the main reason. As the master crafts(wo)man critically reviews each year’s harvest and the wine produced, so has Dr Larone critically reviewed each edition of Medically Important Fungi: A Guide to Identification and produced a superior product in the next vintage. I remember the early editions of this text, with their soft covers, and how beaten and worn they were by the time the next edition had been published. The author of a bench-top guide could not ask for a greater compliment. I am always concerned when transitions are made from the softcover to the hardcover edition of a book. Too often, the formerly well-thumbed guide is transformed by …
Variation in nutrient characteristics of surface soils from the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico: A multivariate perspective

We assessed the effects of landscape features (vegetation type and topography), season, and spatial hierarchy on the nutrient content of surface soils in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF) of Puerto Rico. Considerable spatial variation characterized the soils of the LEF, and differences between replicate sites within each combination of vegetation type (tabonuco vs. palo colorado vs. dwarf vs. pasture) and topographic position (ridge vs valley) accounted for 11–60% of the total variation in soil properties. Nevertheless, mean soil properties differed significantly among vegetation types, between topographic positions, and between seasons (wet vs dry). Differences among vegetation types reflected soil properties (e.g., bulk density, soil moisture, Na, P, C, N, S) that typically are related to biological processes and inputs of water. In forests, differences between topographic positions reflected elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, K, and Al) that typically are associated with geochemical processes; however, the nutrients and elements responsible for topographic differences in dwarf forest were different from those in other forest types. In pastures, differences between topographic positions were associated with the same soil properties responsible for differences among the other vegetation types. Pastures also had reduced N levels and different soil characteristics compared to undisturbed tabonuco forest. The only soil parameter that differed significantly between seasons was soil moisture. Soils of the LEF do not support the contention that N becomes limiting with an increase in elevation, and suggest that absolute pool sizes of N and P are not responsible for the reduction in productivity with elevation.
Some mass spectral and analytical aspects of deuterium labeling of straight-chain olefins†

A calculation method has been developed to enhance the effect of deuterium labeling in the mass spectra of linear vicinal dideuterioalkanes (LVDA). Individual LVDA can be identified from these enhanced spectra. Single carbon-number mixtures of LVD nonanes and LVD decanes have been analyzed successfully using matrices derived from spectra of standards. In addition, enhanced mass spectra have been predicted for all of the LVD heptadecanes and LVD nonadecanes. Matrices have been constructed from the predicted spectra, and preliminary tests of these matrices have been conducted. All identifications and analytical results on the LVDA studied can be used to identify the precursor olefins.
Bilateral chemosis and conjunctival venous engorgement in cardiopulmonary failure.

Nine patients with acute superimposed on chronic respiratory failure presented with severe bilateral chemosis and conjunctival venous engorgement All patients manifested florid right heart failure and hypoxemia while seven also had evidence of left ventricular failure and eight experienced hypercapnia. As the heart failure and arterial blood gases improved, the above mentioned ocular manifestations slowly cleared. Chemosis and conjunctival venular engorgement may be a little appreciated sign of combined cardiopulmonary failure.
Process-Oriented Diagnosis of East Pacific Warm Pool Intraseasonal Variability

AbstractJune–October east Pacific warm pool intraseasonal variability (ISV) is assessed in eight atmospheric general circulation simulations. Complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is used to document the leading mode of 30–90-day precipitation variability in the models and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission observations. The models exhibit a large spread in amplitude of the leading mode about the observed amplitude. Little relationship is demonstrated between the amplitude of the leading mode and the ability of models to simulate observed north-northeastward propagation.Several process-oriented diagnostics are explored that attempt to distinguish why some models produce superior ISV. A diagnostic based on the difference in 500–850-hPa averaged relative humidity between the top 5% and the bottom 10% of precipitation events exhibits a significant correlation with leading mode amplitude. Diagnostics based on the vertically integrated moist entropy budget also demonstrate success at discriminating m...
A multi-helical ultrasonic imaging approach for the structural health monitoring of cylindrical structures:

In the past few years, several efforts have been made to combine guided ultrasonic waves and imaging algorithms such as tomography for detecting and locating damage in complex structures. In this article, we introduce a multi-helical ultrasonic imaging approach for the structural health monitoring of cylindrical structures. An array of permanently installed piezoelectric transducers is used to generate and receive high-order helical guided waves around the cylindrical structure to artificially increase the ray density/resolution without increasing the number of sensors. A probabilistic-based imaging algorithm is used to identify metal loss defects. Experimental tests are carried out on a steel pipe instrumented with six piezoelectric transducers to validate the proposed approach. Three thickness recesses simulating corrosion are considered. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach by identifying the simulated damage at the correct locations and qualitatively monitoring damage growth. No a...
Probability of stochastic depletion: an easily interpreted diagnostic for stock assessment modelling and fisheries management

James T. Thorson1*, Olaf P. Jensen2, and Ray Hilborn3 Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98105, USA *Corresponding author: tel: +206-302-1772; fax: +206-860-6792; e-mail: james.thorson@noaa.gov
Experiences with treprostinil in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic condition of elevated pulmonary arterial pressures with associated increases in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure, which was almost uniformly fatal prior to the introduction of pulmonary hypertension specific therapy. Systemic prostacyclin analogs are the first PAH-specific therapies to be made available and are typically recommended as first-line therapy for subjects with severe disease. Treprostinil is a newer prostacyclin analog similar to epoprostenol in its mechanism of action and relative efficacy with the advantage of a longer half life in human serum and room temperature stability. It is unique in that it is available in multiple formulations for alternative routes of delivery, including subcutaneous, intravenous and inhalational routes. Additionally, oral treprostinil is currently under investigation. Both subcutaneous and intravenous forms of treprostinil have demonstrated efficacy in short-term clinical trials and are currently approved for use in subjects with PAH and New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) II-IV symptoms in the USA and for subjects with NYHA FC III and IV in Europe. Inhaled treprostinil has also demonstrated efficacy in short-term clinical trials primarily as add-on therapy and is currently approved for use in subjects with PAH and NYHA FC III-IV symptoms in the USA and Europe. The different formulations of treprostinil have significantly increased the treatment options and opportunities for treatment of patients with PAH.
An Investigation of the Cattle Louse Problem

In a study on gains in weight versus louse infestations, 30 of the lousiest feeder heifers in a feed lot containing approximately 3,000 were selected. Two lots of 10 each were sprayed with insecticides for louse control, and the third was sprayed with water. After 42 days gains in weight of the treated lots were not significantly different from those of the control lot. Before treatment, louse infestations averaged light to moderate on all lots; 37 days after treatment, infestations in the control lot averaged very light to light, and only four lice were found in the two treated lots. A Hereford steer, very heavily infested with Haematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch), under close observation for 4½ months, developed severe anemia, and would have died in the absence of louse control. When the lice were destroyed he improved markedly in gains in weight and feed efficiency. Rancher surveys, cattle buyer records, and population studies on slaughter cattle, indicated that infestations of this magnitude, although they occur regularly throughout Montana, do not ordinarily affect more than 1% or 2% of the cattle. Infestations on the rest of the population are probably of minor economic significance. Louse population studies on the freshly removed hides of 3,188 slaughter cattle indicated that in Montana, Herefords are most frequently and most heavily infested, and that Angus are least so; that H. eurysternus is economically the most important species, followed in order by Linognathus vituli (L.), Solenoptes capillatus End., and Damalinia bovis (L.); and that different breeds of age classes of cattle tend to he infested differently by the four different species of lice. From a n economic standpoint, louse control measures are probably justified on 5%, or fewer, of the cattle in Montana.
Oxidation Kinetics of Polycrystalline LaCrO3

The oxidation kinetics of polycrystalline LaCrO3 were determined by measuring the time and temperature dependence of the weight and conductivity change of reduced samples. A region of fast diffusion followed by a smaller, slower diffusion “tail” was observed in the thermogravimetric measurements. This observation can be interpreted as the rapid diffusion along the grain boundaries and subsequent diffusion into the body of the grain. The absence of the “tail” in the conductivity measurements is due to the high hole mobility along the boundaries.
Ground penetrating radar detection of subsnow slush on ice-covered lakes in interior Alaska

Lakes are abundant throughout the pan-Arctic region. For many of these lakes ice cover lasts for up to two thirds of the year. The frozen cover allows human access to these lakes, which are therefore used for many subsistence and recreational activities, including water harvesting, fishing, and skiing. Safe traveling condition onto lakes may be compromised, however, when, after significant snowfall, the weight of the snow acts on the ice and causes liquid water to spill through weak spots and overflow at the snow-ice interface. Since visual detection of subsnow slush is almost impossible our understanding on overflow processes is still very limited and geophysical methods that allow water and slush detection are desirable. In this study we demonstrate that a commercially available, lightweight 1 GHz, ground penetrating radar system can detect and map extent and intensity of overflow. The strength of radar reflections from wet snow-ice interfaces are at least twice as much in strength than returns from dry snow-ice interface. The presence of overflow also affects the quality of radar returns from the base of the lake ice. During dry conditions we were able to profile ice thickness of up to 1 m, conversely, we did not retrieve any ice-water returns in areas affected by overflow.
Implementation machine paradigm for parallel programming

Most supercomputers today are parallel computers. In this paper, an approach for efficiently mapping parallel applications onto parallel MIMD machine architectures is introduced. The applicability of this approach to uniform memory access multiprocessors is demonstrated. The paper shows that an intermediate layer of abstraction between the application level and the parallel architecture level is conducive to not only a better software productivity, but also to performance efficient programs. The intermediate layer consists of a set of commonly used parallel programming paradigms (implementation machines). A mathematical representation and a pragmatic representation are provided for each implementation machine (IM). The user maps the application on to one or a set of IMs and the system implements the IMs efficiently on the underlying parallel machine.To illustrate the power of the above concept two different ways of parallelizing a molecular dynamics algorithm (master-slave and pipeline) on a shared memory multiprocessor are presented. Mathematical models and pragmatic representations are developed for both these implementation machines. The utility of the IM approach to parallel programming is demonstrated. Students in a graduate course on parallel processing were asked to write parallel programs using the IM approach. The results of this experiment indicate that the IM approach indeed leads to performance efficient parallel programs.
Human CD8+ T cells recognize epitopes of the 28-kDa hemolysin and the 38-kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens that are recognized by human CD8 T cells are potentially important vaccine target molecules. We used a motif-based strategy to screen selected pro- teins of M. tuberculosis for peptides predicted to bind to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201. We identified two 10 amino acid peptides that elic- ited cytolytic T lymphocyte activity and inter- feron- production by CD8 T cells from HLA- A*0201 healthy tuberculin reactors. These pep- tides were derived from the 38-kDa antigen and the 28-kDa hemolysin, the latter being a novel target for CD8 T cells. We speculate that hemo- lysins may alter the phagosomal membrane sur- rounding intracellular M. tuberculosis, allowing themselves and other antigens to gain access to the major histocompatibility complex class I process- ing pathway. J. Leukoc. Biol. 74: 1008-1014; 2003.
Changing Pattern of Access Site Complications with the Use of Percutaneous Closure Devices

The authors report their experience with 15 cases of groin complications associated with the use of percutaneous closure devices following femoral arterial catheterization over a 2-year period. The complication rate was 1.7% for catheterizations in which a closure device was used. The 15 cases included 7 uncomplicated pseudoaneurysms (PSA), 3 infected pseudoaneurysms, 4 nonarterial groin infections (infected hematomas and/or abscesses), and 1 case of femoral artery occlusion. These complications presented at an average of 5 ±4 days postcatheterization. One patient with an infected PSA required a below-the-knee amputation. During the same time interval, there were no infectious complications in patients not receiving closure devices. We conclude that groin complications associated with such devices tend to present late and include a higher percentage of infections as opposed to complications occurring in patients not receiving closure devices. An aggressive surgical approach to these problems appears warra...
High-bandwidth OEIC receivers using heterojunction bipolar transistors: Design and demonstration

The design, fabrication, and performance of the highest speed optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) receivers reported to date are presented. These consist of PIN detectors and AlGaAs/GaAs HBT transistors fabricated on the same GaAs substrate. The p-i-n detectors were made from the same base and collector epitaxial layers as used for the HBT transistors and were completely compatible with the authors' usual transistor fabrication process; no process alteration was required. The authors report 20-mm detectors with 35.6% quantum efficiency, 40-nA dark current at -3-V bias, and bandwidth in excess of 17 GHz. These detectors were used to produce two OEIC receivers, one with a bandwidth of 6.7 GHz and an equivalent input noise current of 4.3 pA/Hz/sup 1/2/ and another with a bandwidth of 13 GHz and an equivalent input noise current of 10 pA/Hz/sup 1/2/. The performances of a variety of circuit topologies are compared, and the effect of different epitaxial layer structures on OEIC performance is investigated. >
Effects of Frequency Modulation (FM) Transmitter Microphone Directivity on Speech Perception in Noise

Frequency modulation (FM) technology can significantly improve the speech perception ability of individuals with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in background noise. Previous investigations have ...
Modelling detention basins measured from high‐resolution light detection and ranging data

The construction of stormwater detention basins is a best management practice to effectively control floods, to provide additional surface storage for excess floodwater and to compensate for the adverse effects of urban development. Traditional field-based levelling survey methods are very time consuming and subject to human-induced arbitrariness and error. This article presents an approach to modelling detention basins measured from light detection and ranging remote sensing data. A case study is illustrated by using the White Oak Bayou watershed of Harris County, Texas. The storage–stage curve obtained from the volumetric analysis is used in a modified detention basins routing model, which was developed by adding the weir structure control to the traditional hydrologic reservoir routing equations. The model simulation showed that the peak flow of the synthetic 100-year reoccurrence event was effectively reduced and delayed by the detention basins. The comparison with the simulation results from the traditional reservoir routing model suggested that previous studies using the reservoir routing model were likely to underestimate the flood reduction effect of detention basins. The sensitivity analysis of the parameters showed that the detention basin design and evaluation should pay more attention on the weir height and river channel's roughness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Recent Trend and Variance Increase of the Annular Mode

This study examines whether both the trend and the increase in variance of the Northern Hemisphere winter annular mode during the past 30 years arise from atmospheric internal variability. To address this question, a synthetic time series is generated that has the same intraseasonal stochastic properties as the annular mode. By generating a distribution of linear trend values for the synthetic time series, and through a chi-square statistical analysis, it is shown that this trend and variance increase are well in excess of the level expected from internal variability of the atmosphere. This implies that both the trend and the variance increase of the annular mode are due either to coupling with the hydrosphere and/or cryosphere or to driving external to the climate system. This behavior contrasts that of the first 60 years of the twentieth century, for which it is shown that all of the interannual variability of the annular mode can be explained by atmospheric internal variability.
An hibernal study of Arthropoda with reference to hibernation

The author has made four studies in the Jefferson City area (1944, 1947, 1950, 1951). The first study dealt with the movement of soil invertebrates during the colder months of the year, the last three with the invertebrates (mainly arthropods) during the warmer seasons. The main objective of the present study, in the same area, is to learn more about the arthropods during the colder months of the year. The study then places emphasis on the hibernation of the species.
Effects of cocaine self-administration on food-reinforced responding using a discrete trial procedure in rats.

Effects of Cocaine Self-Administration on Food-Reinforced Responding Using a Discrete Trial Procedure in Rats
“Show and Tell” in the Gymnasium: An Investigation of Developmental Differences in Modeling and Verbal Rehearsal of Motor Skills

Abstract Although a great deal of research has been conducted on the relationship between modeling and motor skill acquisition, the role that developmental factors play in the observational learning of motor skills has been virtually unexplored. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine developmental differences of modeling and verbal rehearsal on performance of a sequential motor task. The sample consisted of 128 children representing two age groups: 5–0 to 6–11 years and 8–0 to 9–11 years. These children were randomly assigned to conditions in a 2 × 2 × 4 (Sex by Age by Instructional Type) factorial design, and were asked to perform a 6-part motor skill course. The instructional conditions included: verbal model only, verbal model plus verbal rehearsal, verbal rehearsal only, and no model/no rehearsal. Analyses of variance revealed that, regardless of age, the verbal model plus rehearsal and verbal rehearsal only groups performed significantly better than the model only and control groups. Qualitat...
‘Your momma is day-glow white’: questioning the politics of racial identity, loyalty and obligation

ABSTRACTThis article utilizes discourse analysis and an auto-ethnographic approach to explore the impact of US racial and ethnic categorization on the experiences of an individual marked as ‘mixed-race’ in terms of individual identity and familial/cultural group loyalty and obligation(s). This essay focuses on an incidence of public policing through the popular social networking platform Facebook, centring on the invocation of racial obligation by white friends and family members. I analyse how racial loyalty is articulated by friends and family members in their posts on my personal Facebook page and how this ‘loyalty’ is used as means of regulating my mixed-race identity performance. This essay aims to understand several things, namely how identity is mediated through the invocation of racial obligation and how tension around identity plays out in the multiracial family.
Fabrication and Characterization of Samples for a Material Migration Experiment on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST).

This report documents work done for the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization (Sponsor) under a Funds-In Agreement FI 011140916 with Sandia National Laboratories. The work consists of preparing and analyzing samples for an experiment to measure material erosion and deposition in the EAST Tokamak. Sample preparation consisted of depositing thin films of carbon and aluminum onto molybdenum tiles. Analysis consists of measuring the thickness of films before and after exposure to helium plasma in EAST. From these measurements the net erosion and deposition of material will be quantified. Film thickness measurements are made at the Sandia Ion Beam Laboratory using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis, as described in this report. This report describes the film deposition and pre-exposure analysis. Results from analysis after plasma exposure will be given in a subsequent report.
Medical Classic. The functions of the pituitary body: Harvey Cushing.

(Editor’s Note: This Medical Classic is reprinted in its entirety, followed by an invited commentary by Nicholas P. Christy, M.D. It appeared in AJMS 139; 473-84, 1910.
Trace Class Markov Chains for Bayesian Inference with Generalized Double Pareto Shrinkage Priors

Bayesian shrinkage methods have generated a lot of interest in recent years, especially in the context of high-dimensional linear regression. In recent work, a Bayesian shrinkage approach using generalized double Pareto priors has been proposed. Several useful properties of this approach, including the derivation of a tractable three-block Gibbs sampler to sample from the resulting posterior density, have been established. We show that the Markov operator corresponding to this three-block Gibbs sampler is not Hilbert–Schmidt. We propose a simpler two-block Gibbs sampler and show that the corresponding Markov operator is trace class (and hence Hilbert–Schmidt). Establishing the trace class property for the proposed two-block Gibbs sampler has several useful consequences. Firstly, it implies that the corresponding Markov chain is geometrically ergodic, thereby implying the existence of a Markov chain central limit theorem, which in turn enables computation of asymptotic standard errors for Markov chain-based estimates of posterior quantities. Secondly, because the proposed Gibbs sampler uses two blocks, standard recipes in the literature can be used to construct a sandwich Markov chain (by inserting an appropriate extra step) to gain further efficiency and to achieve faster convergence. The trace class property for the two-block sampler implies that the corresponding sandwich Markov chain is also trace class and thereby geometrically ergodic. Finally, it also guarantees that all eigenvalues of the sandwich chain are dominated by the corresponding eigenvalues of the Gibbs sampling chain (with at least one strict domination). Our results demonstrate that a minor change in the structure of a Markov chain can lead to fundamental changes in its theoretical properties. We illustrate the improvement in efficiency resulting from our proposed Markov chains using simulated and real examples.
Converging Interests: Black Scholar-Advocacy and the Black College Athlete

In the wake, or rather midst, of academic misconduct and narratives of Black college athletes’ challenges (e.g., from Kevin Ross and Dasmine Cathy), scholars have worked to address said inequalities. The importance of critical race theory to define the significance of cultural capital is arguably a seminal tool for scholars to use toward unveiling the challenges of Black student-athletes’ matriculation. However, these scholars, particularly Black sports scholars, have embraced a more active role in advocacy from developing mentoring programs to speaking on Capitol Hill. Illuminating the challenges and benefits that Black sport scholars endure is important in their quest to support Black college athletes.
Threshold Effects in International Lending

Hungary's social safety net could be improved to better target benefits to the poor. Among the possibilities for reform: abolish the child care allowance and fee, institute new child care benefits, and improve means testing for social assistance. Grootaert's study addresses the question of how well Hungary's system of cash social transfers helps prevent or alleviate poverty - and whether different types of social transfer, or changes in eligibility rules, might better alleviate poverty. The social safety net in Hungary and other transition economies has undergone important changes. The conventional benchmark for measuring poverty in Hungary - the subsistence minimum - has lost much of its relevance because of the transition to a market economy. Grootaert proposes two other benchmarks: the minimum pension (an absolute poverty line) and a relative poverty line set at two-thirds of mean household spending. How well targeted to the poor are Hungary's social transfers? The study distinguishes between six components of the social safety net: pensions, unemployment benefits, family allowance, child care allowance, social assistance, and child care fee. Grootaert finds that unemployment benefits and social assistance are well-targeted to the poor. The child care allowance is a progressive social transfer; the child care fee is strongly regressive. Roughly 91 percent of Hungarian households receive one or more transfers. Hungary's social safety net represents 54 percent of spending in an average household, and provides 38 percent of its income. In its entirety, the social safety net is progressive, but that progressivity does not come cheaply. The average transfer is eight times the minimum that would be needed under perfect targeting. In other words, there is significant room for reallocating funds for improved welfare of the poor. Among possibilities for reform: abolish the child care allowance and fee, institute new child care benefits, and improve means testing for social assistance. Data used are from the 1993 Household Budget Survey and the 1992-94 Household Panel Surveys. This paper - a product of the Social Policy Division, Environment Department - was written as a background paper for the Hungary Poverty Assessment.
Curricular Factors in Middle School Teachers' Motivation to Become and Remain Effective.

AbstractResearch in education and psychology contributes to an understanding of how educators create contexts for learning that encourage intrinsic motivation and increase academic achievement. In this article, the researcher investigated how middle level teachers define effectiveness and identified what factors influence their motivation, both positively and negatively. The purpose of this study was to explore what factors teachers self-identified as both supporting and hindering their professional motivation. An understanding of what motivates teachers to maintain effectiveness and what contributes to a loss of motivation may help administrators and other leaders make professional development, personnel, and curricular decisions that support teacher motivation. Data analysis revealed that teacher motivation was influenced by curricular, relational, and logistical factors. Curricular elements that encouraged teachers to improve their practice, as well as those factors that contributed to apathy or disint...
Utilizing mental health professionals to help prevent the next attacks.

AbstractRecent high-profile cases and scientific research on lone actor terrorist attackers have indicated that there may be an association with mental illness. Simultaneously, countering violent extremism (CVE) initiatives have recently been placing more emphasis on building intervention (aka secondary prevention) programmes to address this matter, with mental health professionals possibly playing important roles in preventing lone actor terrorist attacks. Mental health professionals can contribute to intervention programmes, as practitioners and as leaders, but more so by drawing upon the threat assessment model, than because of a possible association with mental illness. A public–private partnership in Los Angeles, based on a well-regarded, community-based service for addressing targeted school violence, is attempting to further develop such services. A tabletop exercise was used as a strategy for jumpstarting interventions, so as to engage mental health and other community partners, build trust betwee...
Image-Guided Percutaneous Omental and Mesenteric Biopsy: Assessment of Technical Success Rate and Diagnostic Yield

Abstract Purpose To assess biopsy technique, technical success rate, and diagnostic yield of image-guided percutaneous biopsy of omental and mesenteric lesions. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 186 patients (89 men, 97 women; mean [SD] age, 63 [13.8] y) who underwent percutaneous image-guided biopsy of omentum and mesentery between March 2007 and August 2015. Biopsies were performed with computed tomography (CT) (n = 172) or ultrasound (US) (n = 14) guidance using coaxial technique yielding core and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. Biopsy results were classified as diagnostic (neoplastic or nonneoplastic) or nondiagnostic based on histopathology and cytology. Technical success rate and diagnostic yield of omental and mesenteric lesions were calculated. Results There were 186 image-guided percutaneous biopsies of omental (n = 95) and mesenteric (n = 91) lesions performed. Technical success rate was 99.5% for all biopsies, 100% for omental biopsies, and 98.9% for mesenteric biopsies. Overall sensitivity was 95.5%, specificity was 100%, negative predictive value was 78.3%, and positive predictive value was 100%, which was comparable for omental and mesenteric biopsies. Core biopsies had higher diagnostic yields compared with FNA: 98.4% versus 84% overall, 99% versus 88% for omental biopsies, and 97.7% versus 80% for mesenteric biopsies. Spearman rank correlation showed no correlation between lesion size and diagnostic yield ( P = .14) and lesion depth and diagnostic yield ( P = .29) for both groups. There were 5 complications. Conclusions Image-guided percutaneous omental and mesenteric biopsies have high technical success rates and diagnostic yield regardless of lesion size or depth from the skin for both omental and mesenteric specimens.
2017 International Symposium on Computer Architecture Influential Paper Award

This article discusses the 2017 ACM SIGARCH/IEEE-CS TCCA Influential ISCA Paper Award, which was given to the 2002 ISCA paper, “Drowsy Caches: Simple Techniques for Reducing Leakage Power.”
Stories for All Ages: Narrating Anger Reduces Distress Across Childhood and Adolescence

The study's goals were twofold: (a) to examine the effectiveness of narrating an angry experience, compared with relying on distraction or mere reexposure to the experience, for anger reduction across childhood and adolescence, and (b) to identify the features of narratives that are associated with more and less anger reduction for younger and older youths and for boys and girls. Participants were 241 youths (117 boys) between the ages of 8 and 17. When compared with mere reexposure, narration was effective at reducing youth's anger both concurrently and in lasting ways; though narration was less effective than distraction at concurrently reducing anger, its effect was longer lasting. Contrary to expectation, there were no overall age differences in the relative effectiveness of narration for anger reduction; however, the analyses of the quality of youth's narratives and of the relations between various narrative features and reductions in anger indicated that narration works to reduce distress among youth via processes that are distinct from those postulated for adults. Altogether, this study's findings lend strong support to the potential of narration for helping youth across a broad age range manage anger experiences in ways that can reduce distress. (PsycINFO Database Record
CLASSIFICATION OF SOME WISCONSIN ROCKS FOR THE DESIGN OF UNDERGROUND SUPERCONDUCTIVE ENERGY STORAGE

ABSTRACT The technical feasibility of superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) is being studied by an interdisciplinary group at the University of Wisconsin, including fundamental research aimed at designing safe and economic undergound rock caverns to house the magnets. Evaluation of cavern stability for alternative magnet designs and proposed rock sites in Wisconsin for a prototype magnet present unique engineering problems requiring comprehensive field, laboratory and numerical studies. Analysis of three promising magnet designs and five possible rock units (granite, quartzite, rhyolite, two dolomites) indicate possible advantages and potential problems. Several conclusions and recommendations regarding tunnel geometry, load transfer, and the interaction between geology and cavern stability and deformation are made.
Chapter 4 – Fourier Series

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes trigonometric Fourier series, which are series of trigonometric functions. This set is chosen because the mathematics is the best developed and is the simplest to demonstrate. It will serve to illustrate the basic questions that need to be addressed for each system. One technique that is often used in solving partial differential equations is separation of variables. This method yields a set of ordinary differential equations of which the solutions are pasted together to provide a solution to the partial differential equation. In the problems, each ordinary differential equation can be considered as an eigenvalue/eigenfunction problem where the differential operator is self-adjoint.