cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Geometric Increase in Meta-Analyses from China in the Genomic Era

Meta-analyses are increasingly popular. It is unknown whether this popularity is driven by specific countries and specific meta-analyses types. PubMed was used to identify meta-analyses since 1995 (last update 9/1/2012) and catalogue their types and country of origin. We focused more on meta-analyses from China (the current top producer of meta-analyses) versus the USA (top producer until recently). The annual number of meta-analyses from China increased 40-fold between 2003 and 2011 versus 2.4-fold for the USA. The growth of Chinese meta-analyses was driven by genetics (110-fold increase in 2011 versus 2003). The HuGE Navigator identified 612 meta-analyses of genetic association studies published in 2012 from China versus only 109 from the USA. We compared in-depth 50 genetic association meta-analyses from China versus 50 from USA in 2012. Meta-analyses from China almost always used only literature-based data (92%), and focused on one or two genes (94%) and variants (78%) identified with candidate gene approaches (88%), while many USA meta-analyses used genome-wide approaches and raw data. Both groups usually concluded favorably for the presence of genetic associations (80% versus 74%), but nominal significance (P<0.05) typically sufficed in the China group. Meta-analyses from China typically neglected genome-wide data, and often included candidate gene studies published in Chinese-language journals. Overall, there is an impressive rise of meta-analyses from China, particularly on genetic associations. Since most claimed candidate gene associations are likely false-positives, there is an urgent global need to incorporate genome-wide data and state-of-the art statistical inferences to avoid a flood of false-positive genetic meta-analyses.
Eva Strittmatter und Erwin Strittmatter. eine ehe um worte

Symbiotisch und zerbrechlich war die Beziehung dieses Paares, zusammengehalten durch das Schweigen einer Frau, die sich mit Lyrik ihrem Leben entgegenstellte. Die Spannung aus der Dichotomie eines hausfraulichen Lebens in Ostdeutschland und ihrer eigenen Existenz als Autorin war die Quelle von Eva Strittmatters (1930-2011) Kreativitat. Nur durch das Schreiben am Rand einer Realitat, die sich um die Bedurfnisse ihres Mannes, des Romanciers Erwin Strittmatter, drehte, konnte sie ihr eigenes poetisches Werk schaffen. So reflektieren viele ihrer Texte die Flucht in die Natur. Dort entstand ihre Lyrik auf „Asten“ und „Koppelpfahlen“ in Opposition zu dem Missverhaltnis in ihrer Ehe, in der die schriftstellerische Existenz des Nationalpreisgewinners ihr Potential nur zu Lasten der kreativen Kraft der Dichterin ausschopfen konnte. Mit der Energie, die sie aus Wanderungen in der Landschaft rund um die kleine Ortschaft Schulzenhof nordlich von Berlin gewann, gelang es Eva Strittmatter sich als ernstzunehmende Dichterin zu etablieren. Ihre Lyrik wie auch ihre veroffentlichten Briefe zeigen die poetische Kraft, die sie aus der Friktion ihrer Mehrfachbelastung als Hausfrau, Lektorin und Gefahrtin von Erwin Strittmatter bezog.
Microvascular dysfunction: What have we learned from WISE?

“Emerging data show that subsets of patients, most of whom are women, present without important epicardial obstruction but with ischemia markers.” Ischemic heart disease remains a leading contributor of morbidity and mortality among women. Although the link between epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) and adverse outcomes established over past decades is well known, a subset of patients with signs and symptoms of ischemia have no obstructive epicardial CAD. Emerging data show that subsets of patients, most of whom are women, present without important epicardial obstruction but with ischemia markers, suggesting that other pathophysiological mechanisms contribute to ischemia-related adverse outcomes. Accumulating evidence supports microvascular dysfunction (MVD) as an important component of the explanation for ischemia and its relation to adverse outcomes. Among women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and angiographically ‘normal’ coronary vessels, MVD was first suggested in 1967 [1], and in 1983 inappropriate coronary flow increases to vaso motor stimuli were described [2]. The term ‘microvascular angina’ was proposed for patients with documented MVD by a limited coronary flow response to stimuli, such as rapid atrial pacing, adenosine and/or acetylcholine. Although evidence for MVD has been presented for both women and men, women appear disproportionately represented for reasons that are incompletely understood. Perhaps estrogen or other genetic and environmental milieu contribute to the stunted development of epicardial obstructive lesions, but not the underlying microvascular pathology. Alternatively, perhaps such milieu amplify microvascular abnormalities in women.
Building the software radio

People have been working on software radio for about few years. Software radio is just what it sounds like - a radio that uses software to perform many of the signal processing tasks that analog circuits traditionally handle. Software radio could turn out to be a paradigm shift for communication systems. The US Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA) kicked off research into software radios to solve military problems, but software radios can help solve some important problems in commercial communication systems as well. Software radio offers the advantage of putting many traditionally hard functions in modules whose characteristics can be changed while the radio is running.
Heidegger and meaning: implications for phenomenological research

Abstract Recently the relevance of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger has been critiqued in nursing literature. However, this critique is based primarily upon an appropriation of Heidegger that does not reflect an understanding of meaning as grounded in temporality. Therefore, this paper aims to (1) explicate Heidegger's grounding of meaning, (2) briefly contrast Heidegger's and Husserl's notions of the origin of meaning, (3) describe how Heidegger was first introduced to nursing, and (4) illustrate through examples from a research study how the philosophy of Heidegger might inform the phenomenological researcher.
Reforms in academic neurology: Needs of a rapidly changing India

A nation's economic growth rides on the shoulders of its working class citizens and their health. A decline in the incidence of chronic diseases like stroke has been seen in high-income countries with the availability of good primary and specialty care.1 In contrast, there is an upward trend in low-income countries, which can be explained by the increasing proportion of their elderly populations.1,2
Using surface envelopes to constrain molecular modeling

Molecular density information (as measured by electron microscopic reconstructions or crystallographic density maps) can be a powerful source of information for molecular modeling. Molecular density constrains models by specifying where atoms should and should not be. Low-resolution density information can often be obtained relatively quickly, and there is a need for methods that use it effectively. We have previously described a method for scoring molecular models with surface envelopes to discriminate between plausible and implausible fits. We showed that we could successfully filter out models with the wrong shape based on this discrimination power. Ideally, however, surface information should be used during the modeling process to constrain the conformations that are sampled. In this paper, we describe an extension of our method for using shape information during computational modeling. We use the envelope scoring metric as part of an objective function in a global optimization that also optimizes distances and angles while avoiding collisions. We systematically tested surface representations of proteins (using all nonhydrogen heavy atoms) with different abundance of distance information and showed that the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of models built with envelope information is consistently improved, particularly in data sets with relatively small sets of short-range distances.
Applying meta-theory to achieve generalisability and precision in personality science

In contrast to traditional theories of personality, the CAPS perspective is a meta-theory that is deliberately “content-free”. The generalisability of the theory depends on how widely its basic, common principles and methods can be applied to identify the constructs (e.g. situation-specific encodings, beliefs, values, etc.) relevant to a given domain of behavior and situations. In this commentary we will discuss how the target article illustrates the use of the CAPS meta-theory for developing domain-specific content-full models for smoking cessation, psychopathology, and organisational behavior.
Eliminating Timing Information Flows in a Mix-Trusted System-on-Chip

Editor's notes: Integration of untrusted third-party IPs into an SoC design is a major challenge in establishing trustworthiness of the entire SoC. This article presents an approach to ensure information flow isolation between trusted and untrusted IP cores.
Multiaccess protocols in data communication networks

Summary form only given. Provides an overview of multiaccess protocols. The major developments that have taken place in this field and the motivation behind them were traced, and the major elements characterizing each class were identified. Local area networks, radio networks, and metropolitan area networks were covered, and the impact of various technologies, including but not limited to spread-spectrum, fiber optics, optical wavelength division, etc., was addressed. Issues pertaining to performance were also addressed. >
Behavioral analysis of anisotropic diffusion in image processing

In this paper, we analyze the behavior of the anisotropic diffusion model of Perona and Malik (1990). The main idea is to express the anisotropic diffusion equation as coming from a certain optimization problem, so its behavior can be analyzed based on the shape of the corresponding energy surface. We show that anisotropic diffusion is the steepest descent method for solving an energy minimization problem. It is demonstrated that an anisotropic diffusion is well posed when there exists a unique global minimum for the energy functional and that the ill posedness of a certain anisotropic diffusion is caused by the fact that its energy functional has an infinite number of global minima that are dense in the image space. We give a sufficient condition for an anisotropic diffusion to be well posed and a sufficient and necessary condition for it to be ill posed due to the dense global minima. The mechanism of smoothing and edge enhancement of anisotropic diffusion is illustrated through a particular orthogonal decomposition of the diffusion operator into two parts: one that diffuses tangentially to the edges and therefore acts as an anisotropic smoothing operator, and the other that flows normally to the edges and thus acts as an enhancement operator.
A receiver-initiated load balancing method in computer networks using fuzzy logic control

We present a receiver-initiated fuzzy logic control method to improve computer network performance by balancing loads among computers. We study and present the performance of this protocol by comparing it with the performance of: (i) a well-known protocol called the BID algorithm; (ii) a non-fuzzy (threshold based) receiver-initiated algorithm; (iii) a fuzzy logic sender-initiated algorithm.
Power Analysis Attacks on ECC Randomized Automata

Power analysis can exploit the instantaneous power consumptions of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) devices and retrieve secret keys. Many countermeasures have been proposed to make ECC implementations secure. One of the approaches is the randomized algorithms proposed by Oswald et al., which combine two scalar point multiplication algorithms and use random variables to decide which algorithm to follow at different stages of the computation. In this paper, we describe a power analysis attack that can break randomized automata proposed by Oswald et al. effectively, even with a small number of power traces
Denaturalizing Adolescence The Politics of Contemporary Representations

This article critiques several taken-for-granted assumptions about adolescents' alleged distinctive nature and their universal, outside-of-history-and-society status. The article examines the social being of truth about adolescents by closely scrutinizing the confident characterizations that they are “coming of age,” controlled by hormones, and peer oriented. A major strategy of this rereading of adolescence is to locate the seemingly timeless characteristics of adolescence within the sociohistorical context of their creation: the late 1800s and the concerns within the United States for social order, virility, national and international expansion, and the participation of the sciences of anthropology, psychology, and child study in the social anxieties and responses. This analysis employs rhetorical, historical, and feminist readings to call into question the accepted discourse about adolescent nature.
Assessment of the emissions and air quality impacts of biomass and biogas use in California.

ABSTRACTIt is estimated that there is sufficient in-state “technically” recoverable biomass to support nearly 4000 MW of bioelectricity generation capacity. This study assesses the emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants and resulting air quality impacts of new and existing bioenergy capacity throughout the state of California, focusing on feedstocks and advanced technologies utilizing biomass resources predominant in each region. The options for bioresources include the production of bioelectricity and renewable natural gas (NG). Emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases are quantified for a set of scenarios that span the emission factors for power generation and the use of renewable natural gas for vehicle fueling. Emissions are input to the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to predict regional and statewide temporal air quality impacts from the biopower scenarios. With current technology and at the emission levels of current installations, maximum bioelectricity product...
A Phenomenological Model of the Phase Transition in SmS Alloys

A number of experimental properties of SmS alloys, e.g., transition pressure and lattice contraction vs dopant concentration or chemical collapsing, are described semi-quantitatively by means of a mean-field calculation. Our approach predicts a critical point in the pressure/concentration diagram near Xcr = 27% independent of the kind of dopant. We have strong experimental evidence that such a point exists in Sm1−xLaxS at about 2 kbar. In various other alloys the critical pressure gets negative and chemical collapsing occurs before the concentration reaches Xcr. Close to Xcr the La-dopant samples do not break when going through the transition which allows for more quantitative measurements than on other crystals of this system.
The Future of Milk Control

Because the immediate impetus to the development of milk control measures during the past few years has come very largely from conditions associated with the great depression, it is particularly pertinent to ask at the present time upon what basis, if at all, they can properly be continued in the future. In public debates, in economic discussions, in legal arguments, they have been commonly referred to as emergency measures. The report of the joint legislative committee in the state of New York in April 1933, upon the basis of which the earliest and most important control scheme was set up in this country, laid great stress on the critical conditions existing in the dairy industry. In March of the present year another joint committee reported their conclusion that "the emergency which gave rise to the use of the police power in the enactment of the Milk Control Law no longer exists."' Partly for this reason itself, partly because of their doubt about the constitutionality of the law in the absence of an emergency, and partly because of the breakdown of enforcement in the metropolitan market which had followed the court decision in 1935 exempting out-of-state milk from the control of the authorities at Albany,2 that joint committee recommended the discontinuance of the price-fixing efforts which had been carried on during the past four years. This recommendation, which was immediately followed by the legislature, raises very definitely the question of the future of milk control. Will other states follow the lead of New York in abandoning price control as they followed her lead in establishing it? Should this be done, or should further efforts be made to establish milk control on a more satisfactory and more permanent basis?
Leading, following, and partnering: Introduction to the special issue on science and literacy integration

This special issue of Science Activities is devoted to science and literacy integration. Although many teachers routinely integrate reading and writing into their science instruction (Saul 2004), t...
Some stupid shallow seismic experiments I have done

While near-surface and classical seismic explorations obey the same laws of physics, the relative importance of those laws is different for the two types of surveys. These differences have led to some eccentric experiments with unexpected and occasional serendipitous outcomes. Progress attained by our research group has occurred through a mixture of stupid experiments that turned out to be clever and clever experiments that turned out to be stupid. Shallow seismic methods have matured noticeably since the time 25 years ago when the world?s scientific literature contained few refereed papers on shallow reflection. Much of the maturation is related to the revolution in microelectronics and the associated several orders of magnitude decrease in computational costs, while developments in sources, seismographs, and field methods have all played a role to differing degrees. However, other driving factors in this improvement have included demonstrable attainment of objectives such as providing structural contour maps of bedrock beneath alluvium, delineating shallow faults, evaluating near-surface stratigraphy to detect preferential groundwater flow paths, and detecting underground cavities. By 1999, we had demonstrated seismic reflection images from depths of less than a meter, easily within reach of a marginally competent grave digger. Detecting such shallow reflectors is expensive, however, because of the requirement to plant geophones at intervals of 10 cm or less. The effective resolution potential of classical seismic exploration data recorded on land is often determined by geologic conditions in the upper few tens of meters; in addition, the majority of statics problems commonly occur in the upper 30 meters. We are currently experimenting with methods of making near-surface three-dimensional seismic imaging more cost-effective.
Ion-Exchangeable Cobalt Polysulfide Chalcogel

We present a promising approach in synthetic chalcogel chemistry that is extendable to a broad variety of inorganic spacers. Polychalcogenide aerogels with ion-exchange properties are demonstrated ...
Selection of Winter Habitat by Bobcats (Lynx rufus) on the Quabbin Reservation, Massachusetts

Selection of winter habitat by bobcats ( Lynx rufus ) was studied by trailing during winter on the Quabbin Reservation, Massachusetts. A selection index was obtained for 13 cover types by comparing the per cent of kilometers traveled in a cover type with its per cent occurrence. Roads, cliffs, spruce plantations, and hemlock-hardwoods had the highest index values. Information on prey abundance and distribution, food habits, hunting and feeding methods, snow avoidance behavior, and general environmental conditions were used to explain selection in each cover type.
Analysis on monitoring results of rural drinking water in Yongdeng county of Lanzhou city in 2011

Objective:To understand the water quality of rural drinking water in Yongdeng county of Lanzhou city,so as to provide scientific basis for solving safety issues of drinking water.Methods: Water quality detection was done according to "Sanitary standard for drinking water"(GB/T5749-2006).Results: In Yongdeng county,contents of chloride,sulfate,total hardness and total dissolved solids in rural drinking water exceeded the national standard limit.Conclusion: Generally,rural drinking water quality was in good condition in Yongdeng county,which still need to strengthen surveillance for some unqualified items.
Wake-up stroke: Dawn of a new era

Wake-up stroke or stroke with unclear onset of symptoms is known to occur in one-fourth of ischemic stroke patients. These patients are not considered for thrombolytic therapy based on time designation of their symptom onset as per the current guidelines. Observational studies have investigated the pathophysiology and suggested actual onset of symptoms to be approximate to the awakening time for these patients. Use of advanced imaging modalities in these patients tends to identify favorable patient profiles for thrombolysis. Results of the ongoing trials will likely beckon a seminal juncture in stroke therapy and deliver critical modifications in the current treatment guidelines for thrombolysis in this substantial, yet neglected, group of stroke patients. In this article, we have reviewed the predisposing factors, preferred imaging modalities and various ongoing thrombolytic and endovascular trials to date for patients with unclear time of symptom onset or who wake up with stroke symptoms.
Grazing effects on precipitation-driven associations between sagebrush and perennial grasses

Abstract. While many studies have addressed the effect of individual stresses on plant—plant associations, few have addressed the effects of co-occurring stresses. We therefore investigated how associations between Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) and 2 native grasses (Poa secunda and Elymus elymoides) responded to different combinations of grazing and moisture stresses in the Great Basin, USA. Positive (i.e., facilitative) interactions between nurse plants and their beneficiaries are predicted to increase with increasing moisture limitation and grazing stress, but these interactions may break down at extreme levels of stress. We hypothesized that (1) competitive interactions and negative shrub-grass spatial associations would occur under the least stressful conditions (low grazing intensity / high precipitation); (2) positive shrub-grass spatial associations would dominate at intermediate levels of stress (high grazing intensity / high precipitation and low grazing intensity...
Thurber, James A., and Antoine Yoshinaka, Eds. American Gridlock: The Sources, Character, and Impact of Political Polarization

An old joke (usually attributed to social philosopher Thomas Carlyle) states that any parrot can be made into an economist simply by teaching it two words: “supply” and “demand.” Taking a look at c...
Decreased risk of knee buckling with adductor canal block versus femoral nerve block in total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Femoral nerve (FNB) and adductor canal blocks (ACB) are used in the setting of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but neither has been demonstrated to be clearly superior. Although dynamometer studies have shown ACBs spare perioperative quadriceps function when compared to FNBs, ACBs have been widely adopted in orthopaedic surgery without significant evidence that they decrease the risk of perioperative falls. Methods All patients who received single-shot FNB (129 patients) or ACB (150 patients) at our institution for unilateral primary TKA from April 2014 to September 2015 were retrospectively reviewed for perioperative falls or near-falls during physical therapy and inpatient care. Results There were significantly more "near-falls" with documented episodes of knee buckling in the FNB group (17 vs 3, P = .0004). These patients' first buckling episode occurred at an average of 21.1 hours postoperatively (standard deviation 5.83, range 13.83-41.15). There were no significant differences in pain scores between the 2 groups at any of the time periods measured; however, patients in the FNB group consumed significantly fewer opioids on postoperative day 1 than the ACB group (59 morphine equivalents vs 73, P = .004). Conclusions A significantly higher rate of near-falls with knee buckling during in-hospital physical therapy was discovered in the FNB group. With increasing numbers of TKAs being performed on a "fast-track" discharge model, these results must be seriously considered, particularly in patients planning to go home the same day, to reduce the risk of postoperative falls. These data support the recent clinical data trend favoring ACB over FNB in orthopaedic surgery.
Charleston Conference, 2009

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the highlights of the 2009 Charleston Conference.Design/methodology/approach – The paper documents the presentations given at the conference.Findings – The Charleston Conference report discusses new directions in many areas of collection development, including trends in e‐books, user‐driven acquisitions, preservation of materials, and working with vendors.Practical implications – The report discusses new ideas and new directions in many areas of collection development that alert librarians to changes on the horizon.Originality/value – This paper is of interest to library and information management professionals.
Random medium model for cusping of plane waves.

We introduce a model for a three-dimensional (3D) Schell-type stationary medium whose degree of potential’s correlation satisfies the Fractional Multi-Gaussian (FMG) function. Compared with the scattered profile produced by the Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) medium, the Fractional Multi-Gaussian Schell-model (FMGSM) medium gives rise to a sharp concave intensity apex in the scattered field. This implies that the FMGSM medium also accounts for a larger than Gaussian’s power in the bucket (PIB) in the forward scattering direction, hence being a better candidate than the GSM medium for generating highly-focused (cusp-like) scattered profiles in the far zone. Compared to other mathematical models for the medium’s correlation function which can produce similar cusped scattered profiles the FMG function offers unprecedented tractability being the weighted superposition of Gaussian functions. Our results provide useful applications to energy counter problems and particle manipulation by weakly scattered fields.
Prior Individual Risk Behavior Predicts Subsequent Individual and Peer Risk Behavior: A Longitudinal Examination From Fifth to Ninth Grade:

To better understand the longitudinal relations between risk and relationship variables during early to middle adolescence, we employed latent variable cross-lagged panel models using data (N = 1,0...
Solitary Infiltrating Meningioma of the Trochlear Nerve: Case Report

We report the case of a solitary meningioma infiltrating the trochlear nerve, the first in a patient without a neurocutaneous disorder or cavernous sinus involvement. The patient presented with diplopia was found to have a focal enhancing mass encompassing the trochlear nerve. Following surgical resection, pathological examination showed meningioma infiltrating the nerve itself, demonstrated on the included pathology images. A review of the literature and discussion of meningiomas infiltrating cranial nerves are included.
Social Categorization, Psychology of

Social categorization is the process by which people categorize themselves and others into differentiated groups. Categorization simplifies perception and cognition related to the social world by detecting inherent similarity relationships or by imposing structure on it (or both). The main adaptive function of social categorization is that it permits and constrains otherwise chaotic inductive inferences. People attribute group features to individuals (stereotyping) and they—less strongly—generalize individual features to the group. The strength of these two kinds of inductive inferences depends ona priori assumptions about the homogeneity of the group. To the extent that social categories rest on detected patterns of feature similarity, their coherence is a matter of family resemblance. Family resemblance categories comprise members of varying typicality, they have fuzzy boundaries (and thus tend to overlap), and the features they contain tend to be correlated with one another. Some social categories are ‘thin,’ however, as their coherence rests solely on arbitrary or socially constructed labels. Both types of categories (family resemblance and social construction) give rise to two common, and socially problematic, biases: (a) ingroup favoritism and (b) perceptions of outgroup homogeneity.
Interconnections between Neurotransmitter- and Neuropeptide-Containlng Neurons Involved in Gonadotrophin Release in the Rat

A knowledge of interneuronal intrahypothalamic connections is essential for complete understanding of the neuroendocrine control of pituitary function. The Golgi studies of Szentagothai et al. (1972) and Millhouse (1973a,b) called attention to the abundant internal connections of hypothalamic nuclei. These early descriptions have been underscored by electrophysiological (Dyer, 1973; Harris and Sangh-era, 1974; Makara and Hodacs, 1975; Renaud, 1976, 1977), autoradiographic (Conrad and Pfaff, 1976a,b; Swanson, 1976; Saper et al., 1976; Krieger et al., 1979), and electron microscopic degeneration (Koves and Rethelyi, 1976; Za-borszky and Makara, 1979) studies, which have clearly established the complexity of the anatomic interrelationships among different hypothalamic neuronal populations.
Generalized Blueprints and p-adic Buildings I

This paper generalizes the notion of a blueprint as defined by M. Ronan and J. Tits in 1987. These more generalized blueprints can be used to achieve purely combinatorial constructions of affine buildings over p-adics field, depending only on the associated affine diagrams and the structure of the integers inside the appropriate fields.
Writing to Learn: A Reconceptualization of Thinking and Writing in the Nursing Curriculum

The connection between writing and thinking has been radically reconceptualized in recent years. Whereas the previous view saw writing as recording thought, the new perspective sees writing as developing thinking. The change in views about writing is discussed and implications of the "Writing to Learn" paradigm for instructional and curricular issues in nursing are explored.
Rabies Vaccine for Use in Dogs

Rabies vaccines for dogs have cycled from inactivated nervous tissue origin vaccines to modified live vaccines and now back to inactivated vaccines, but primarily of tissue culture origin. It has been a concern for safety rather than potency that has brought about this evolution. Immunogenicity tests have indicated that with some vaccines, the route of administration is critical. Likewise, the age at which to vaccinate is important, and data indicate that the poor response seen in young dogs is due to some factor other than interference from maternal antibody.
Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of biomolecules

Mass spectrometry (MS) is usually coupled on-line with capillary electrophoresis to analyze biomolecules by using electrospray ionization (ESI) or continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment (FAB). We present a new design for laser vaporization/ionization TOF mass spectrometry. CE, with its low flow rate (< 1 |il/min), is highly compatible with MS even if the total column eflluent is introduced directly. A UV laser is used to vaporize and ionize the solution eluting from the column. There is no need to have a make-up solvent. Using this system, we have analyzed a group of amines and peptides. The concentration detection limit of seritonin is in the 10 '' M level. The amount of serotonin needed to obtain the mass spectrum is only 16 attomole. The separation and identification of amine mixtures by CE-MS will be shown. Introduction Capillary electrophoresis (63-67) is a micro-scale separation technique which has a nvunber of practical advantages over conventional separation methods. Among them high separation efficiency, high speed, and economy of sample size. However, the small amount of sample which CE deals with poses a high demand on the detector sensitivity. A mass spectrometer is a vmiversal detector, nearly every compound has its own mass spectrum. It can provide
Document Retrieval for Biomedical Question Answering with Neural Sentence Matching

Document retrieval (DR) forms an important component in end-to-end question-answering (QA) systems where particular answers are sought for well-formed questions. DR in the QA scenario is also useful by itself even without a more involved natural language processing component to extract exact answers from the retrieved documents. This latter step may simply be done by humans like in traditional search engines granted the retrieved documents contain the answer. In this paper, we take advantage of datasets made available through the BioASQ end-to-end QA shared task series and build an effective biomedical DR system that relies on relevant answer snippets in the BioASQ training datasets. At the core of our approach is a question-answer sentence matching neural network that learns a measure of relevance of a sentence to an input question in the form of a matching score. In addition to this matching score feature, we also exploit two auxiliary features for scoring document relevance: the name of the journal in which a document is published and the presence/absence of semantic relations (subject-predicate-object triples) in a candidate answer sentence connecting entities mentioned in the question. We rerank our baseline sequential dependence model scores using these three additional features weighted via adaptive random research and other learning-to-rank methods. Our full system placed 2nd in the final batch of Phase A (DR) of task B (QA) in BioASQ 2018. Our ablation experiments highlight the significance of the neural matching network component in the full system.
Managing change: Seattle’s 21st century urban renaissance

ABSTRACTEvolution of the urban planning and historic preservation disciplines has resulted in an “uneasy alliance” in practice, one further complicated by the back-to-the-city movement and increase...
Systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic strokes – A novel neurological sign and therapeutic target?:

Growing evidences suggest that stroke is a systemic disease affecting many organ systems beyond the brain. Stroke-related systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulations may play an important role in brain injury, recovery, and stroke outcome. The two main phenomena in stroke-related peripheral immune dysregulations are systemic inflammation and post-stroke immunosuppression. There is emerging evidence suggesting that the spleen contracts following ischemic stroke, activates peripheral immune response and this may further potentiate brain injury. Whether similar brain-immune crosstalk occurs in hemorrhagic strokes such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not established. In this review, we systematically examined animal and human evidence to date on peripheral immune responses associated with hemorrhagic strokes. Specifically, we reviewed the impact of clinical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), inflammation- and immune-associated biomarkers, the brain-spleen interaction, and cellular mediators of peripheral immune responses to ICH and SAH including regulatory T cells (Tregs). While there is growing data suggesting that peripheral immune dysregulation following hemorrhagic strokes may be important in brain injury pathogenesis and outcome, details of this brain-immune system cross-talk remain insufficiently understood. This is an important unmet scientific need that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies in this highly morbid condition.
Mutations of the YidC Insertase alleviate stress from σM-dependent membrane protein overproduction in Bacillus subtilis

In Bacillus subtilis, the extracytoplasmic function {sigma} factor {sigma}M regulates cell wall synthesis and is critical for intrinsic resistance to cell wall targeting antibiotics. The anti-{sigma} factors YhdL and YhdK form a complex that restricts the basal activity of {sigma}M, and the absence of YhdL leads to runaway expression of the {sigma}M regulon and cell death. Here, we report that this lethality can be suppressed by gain-of-function mutations in spoIIIJ, which encodes the major YidC membrane protein insertase in B. subtilis. B. subtilis PY79 SpoIIIJ contains a single amino acid substitution in the substrate-binding channel (Q140K), and this allele suppresses the lethality of high SigM. Analysis of a library of YidC variants reveals that increased charge (+2 or +3) in the substrate-binding channel can compensate for high expression of the {sigma}M regulon. Derepression of the {sigma}M regulon induces secretion stress, oxidative stress and DNA damage responses, all of which can be alleviated by the YidCQ140K substitution. We further show that the fitness defect caused by high {sigma}M activity is exacerbated in the absence of SecDF protein translocase or {sigma}M-dependent induction of the Spx oxidative stress regulon. Conversely, cell growth is improved by mutation of specific {sigma}M-dependent promoters controlling operons encoding integral membrane proteins. Collectively, these results reveal how the {sigma}M regulon has evolved to up-regulate membrane-localized complexes involved in cell wall synthesis, and to simultaneously counter the resulting stresses imposed by regulon induction.nnAuthor SummaryBacteria frequently produce antibiotics that inhibit the growth of competitors, and many naturally occurring antibiotics target cell wall synthesis. In Bacillus subtilis, the alternative {sigma} factor {sigma}M is induced by cell wall antibiotics, and upregulates genes for peptidoglycan and cell envelope synthesis. However, dysregulation of the {sigma}M regulon, resulting from loss of the YhdL anti-{sigma}M protein, is lethal. We here identify charge variants of the SpoIIIJ(YidC) membrane protein insertase that suppress the lethal effects of high {sigma}M activity. Further analyses reveal that induction of the {sigma}M regulon leads to high level expression of membrane proteins that trigger envelope stress, and this stress is countered by specific genes in the {sigma}M regulon.
Reading comprehension across languages: Seven European orthographies and two international literacy assessments

Abstract Orthographic depth, the degree of spelling-to-sound consistency in a language, has been hypothesized to affect the ease with which children learn to read words. However, the relationship between orthographic depth and reading comprehension is less well understood. In this study, focusing on countries in which two international assessments (PISA and PIRLS) were given in two or more languages, we examine data from elementary and high-school readers of Finnish, Swedish, Italian, German, Dutch, French and English). Findings suggest that that there may be some trade-offs between shallow and deep orthographies in terms of the specific ways that they map onto the phonological and deep meaning representations required for cognitive processing during an activity such as comprehension. These trade-offs serve to differentially support or inhibit readers depending on where they are situated on the achievement continuum.
The JAK2V617F Mutation Is Present in the Liver Endothelial Cells of Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Abstract Post-natal vasculogenesis has been reported to be derived from a hierarchy of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Some of these EPC are of myeloid origin while others have a more robust proliferative potential and are solely of endothelial cell (EC) origin. A number of groups have hypothesized that EC dysfunction might contribute to the hypercoagulable state associated with polycythemia vera (PV) by orchestrating the recruitment of blood elements to sites of injury or by regulating vascular tone. The JAK2V617F mutation is present in >95% of patients with PV. In addition, some individuals with normal blood counts who develop splanchnic vein thrombosis, including Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) have been reported to have JAK2V617F positive hematopoiesis (45% and 34%, respectively) indicating that this thrombotic tendency might precede the development of PV. We explored whether this activating mutation is present in EC in the vessels of patients with BCS. We tested this hypothesis by studying EC in venules of liver biopsy specimens of patients with BCS with (n=2) or without PV (n=1) and PVT (n=2) without PV using laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by nested PCR or RT-PCR in order to determine if EC were JAK2V617F positive and were of hematopoietic or EC origin. EC from the hepatic venules of BCS and PVT patients were captured by LCM from hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver biopsy tissue specimens. EC were identified by their fusiform nuclei and their location along the lining of the hepatic venules. Hepatocytes were identified by their morphology as having round centrally placed nuclei and abundant cytoplasm with a trabecular arrangement. At least 10 EC and 10 hepatocytes from each biopsy specimen were captured and DNA or RNA was extracted. The JAK2V617F mutation was detected using nested allele-specific PCR. The hepatocytes of each patient contained exclusively wild type JAK2 while the EC of the two BCS patients with PV were homozygous for the JAK2V617F. The EC of the other BCS patient and 2 PVT patients who did not have PV contained exclusively wild type JAK2. The EC identity of these cells in the PV patients was confirmed by the presence of the EC transcripts (VE-Cadherin and VEGF-R2) and the absence of hematopoietic cell transcripts (CD45 and CD14). These findings indicate that hepatic venule EC in BCS patients with PV are JAK2V617F positive. The presence of JAK2V617F in both endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells belonging to such patients suggests that PV originates in an adult hemangioblast like cell in such patients. Further studies are required to understand the consequence of JAK2 mutation in EC as related to their propensity to thrombosis in PV.
Inter-Tier Process-Variation-Aware Monolithic 3-D NoC Design Space Exploration

Monolithic 3-D (M3D) technology enables high density integration, performance, and energy efficiency by sequentially stacking tiers on top of each other. M3D-based network-on-chip (NoC) architectures can exploit these benefits by adopting tier partitioning for intra-router stages. However, conventional fabrication methods are infeasible for M3D-enabled designs due to temperature-related issues. This has necessitated lower temperature and temperature-resilient techniques for M3D fabrication, leading to inferior performance of transistors in the top tier and interconnects in the bottom tier. The resulting inter-tier process variation leads to the performance degradation of M3D-enabled NoCs. In this article, we demonstrate that without considering inter-tier process variation, an M3D-enabled NoC architecture overestimates the energy-delay-product (EDP) on average by 50.8% for a set of SPLASH-2 and PARSEC benchmarks. As a countermeasure, we adopt a process variation-aware design approach. The proposed design and optimization method distributes the intra-router stages and inter-router links among the tiers to mitigate the adverse effects of process variation. Experimental results show that the NoC architecture under consideration improves the EDP by 27.4% on average across all benchmarks compared to the process-oblivious design.
Pollution Transport Patterns Obtained Through Generalized Lagrangian Coherent Structures

Identifying atmospheric transport pathways is important to understand the effects of pollutants on weather, climate, and human health. The atmospheric wind field is variable in space and time and contains complex patterns due to turbulent mixing. In such a highly unsteady flow field, it can be challenging to predict material transport over a finite-time interval. Particle trajectories are often used to study how pollutants evolve in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, individual trajectories are sensitive to their initial conditions. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) have been shown to form the template of fluid parcel motion in a fluid flow. LCSs can be characterized by special material surfaces that organize the parcel motion into ordered patterns. These key material surfaces form the core of fluid deformation patterns, such as saddle points, tangles, filaments, barriers, and pathways. Traditionally, the study of LCSs has looked at coherent structures derived from integrating the wind velocity field. It has been assumed that particles in the atmosphere will generally evolve with the wind. Recent work has begun to look at the motion of chemical species, such as water vapor, within atmospheric flows. By calculating the flux associated with each species, a new effective flux-based velocity field can be obtained for each species. This work analyzes generalized species-weighted coherent structures associated with various chemical species to find their patterns and pathways in the atmosphere, providing a new tool and language for the assessment of pollutant transport and patterns.
The Lattice of Functional Alexandroff Topologies

If $f:X \rightarrow X$ is a function, the associated functional Alexandroff topology on X is the topology Pf whose closed sets are $\{A \subseteq X : f(A) \subseteq A\}$ . We present a characterization of functional Alexandroff topologies on a finite set X and show that the collection FA(X) of all functional Alexandroff topologies on a finite set X, ordered by inclusion, is a complemented lattice.
Reframing the past to legitimate the future: Building collective agency for social change through a process of decolonizing memory:

Subaltern social groups do not see their conceptualizations of leadership represented by the images of leadership and leaders portrayed in the narratives of the “official” history of their countrie...
Mapping indigenous land: native land grants in colonial New Spain: by Ana Pulido Rull, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2020, 258 pp. (ISBN 9780806164960)

Ana Pulido Rull’s book, Mapping indigenous land (based on her 2012 dissertation), offers an examination of native-made land grant maps (mapas de mercedes de tierras) which were used as evidence in ...