cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is the Female Heart More Sensitive to Aldosterone for Early Remodeling

Seldom is there such a renewed interest in the study of a compound isolated more than a half century ago as we see now with aldosterone. A new era has begun in the study of aldosterone in individuals free of myocardial infarction and of heart failure.1 The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone was thought to be produced uniquely in the adrenal cortex and to act exclusively on epithelia to promote sodium retention and potassium excretion. However, it is now known that aldosterone also acts on nonepithelial tissues, such as brain, heart, and blood vessels. In addition, enzymes required for aldosterone biosynthesis are expressed in these same tissues, which may be consistent with local aldosterone production acting in a paracrine fashion.2 With the introduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and their presumptive elimination of angiotensin II, a major determinant of aldosterone production by the adrenal glands, the perception …
Reliability and validity for the measurement of moral disengagement in pharmacists.

Abstract Background Social cognitive theory describes a process in which behavior can be disengaged from moral self control through eight different mechanisms. These mechanisms were used for the development of a new scale for measuring moral disengagement (Moral Disengagement Inventory, or MDI) in pharmacists. Objectives The objectives of this study were to assess the reliability and validation of a scale to measure pharmacists' moral disengagement toward patients who exhibit behaviors directly or indirectly leading to their disease condition, such as an asthmatic patient who smokes or a non-compliant asthmatic patient. Methods A self-administered survey called the Moral Disengagement Instrument (MDI) was developed for this study. Once the MDI was designed, the items were evaluated for content validity, readability and face validity. The reliability of the developed measures was assessed. The convergent and discriminant validity of the moral disengagement constructs were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Results The reliability coefficient for the MDI for the asthmatic smoker was 0.814 and reliability coefficient for the MDI for the non-compliant asthmatic patient was 0.782. Evidence supporting validity of the MDI was provided in a confirmatory factor analysis. Conclusions The Moral Disengagement Instrument (MDI), developed as a tool for measuring pharmacists' disengagement beliefs for a smoker asthmatic patient and a non-compliant asthmatic patient, was found to be reliable and valid.
Accuracy of standard craniometric measurements using multiple data formats

Abstract With continuing advancements in biomedical imaging technologies, anthropologists are increasingly making use of data derived from indirect measurement and analysis of skeletal material. To that end, the purpose of this study was to test the reliability of 26 standard craniometric measurements routinely utilized in forensic casework across several different imaging technologies. Measurements from five crania of known individuals were collected in duplicate by two anthropologists via computed tomography (CT) scans and three-dimensional (3D) laser scans of the known skulls. The laser scans were also used to create prototype models of the known skulls. These prototypes were, themselves, laser-scanned, and measurements were also collected from the prototypes and the laser scans of the prototypes. Measurement sets from each technology were then compared with one another using the previously collected osteometric measurements taken on the crania themselves as the ground truth. Result indicate that, while the majority of measurements showed no significant differences across data formats, a handful were found to be problematic for particular technologies. For instance, measurements taken in a supero-inferior direction (e.g., BBH, OBH) from CT scans were prone to greater deviation from direct measurements of the cranium than other technologies, especially for CT scans taken at 5 mm thickness and increment. Also, several measurements defined by Type 1 landmarks, particularly those occurring at complicated or indistinct suture junctures (e.g., ASB, ZMB), were found to have high variance across all technologies while measurements based on Type 3 landmarks proved to be highly reproducible. This is contrary to measurements taken directly on crania, in which measures defined by Type 1 landmarks are typically the most reliable, likely attributable to diminished or totally obscured suture definition in the scan data. If medical imaging data are to be increasingly utilized in anthropological studies, it may be prudent to bear in mind that the reliability of measurements taken on an actual skull may not be the same as for measurements taken from medical scans.
High-efficiency, Ge-on-SOI lateral PIN photodiodes with 29 GHz bandwidth

Ge has tremendous potential for high-speed operation at /spl lambda/=850 nm, an important wavelength for short range highly-parallel interconnects, because the absorption length of Ge is only a few hundred nm. However, for thin Ge-on-Si detectors, the Ge film must be isolated from the underlying Si in order to prevent collection of slow carriers generated deep within the substrate. In this work, we present results of lateral PIN photodetectors fabricated using Ge films deposited on ultra-thin silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. These devices have bandwidths as high as 29 GHz, and the highest bandwidth-efficiency product reported to date for a group-IV photodetector.
Integrated Criminal Justice System Design: Designing an Appropriate Governance Structure

In this paper we discuss interim findings from an ongoing comparative case study of the Automated Regional Justice Information System (ARJIS) in San Diego, CA. Significant attention had been given to the need to integrate information systems across organizational boundaries in the criminal justice domain. We employ a social informatics lens in this research that views the technological artifact as embedded in cultural and institutional context. In our examination of ARJIS we have found that the adoption of a Joint Powers Agreement (JPA) as a governance structure has impacted system design and organizational practices significantly. Specifically, the JPA facilitates participation by member agencies and, allows the ARJIS management team autonomy and flexibility in developing and managing the ARJIS information system.
Mutual Information for Stochastic Signals and LÉvy Processes

In this paper, some relations between estimation and mutual information are given by expressing two mutual information calculations in terms of two distinct estimation errors. Specifically the mutual information between a stochastic signal and a pure jump Levy process whose rate function depends on the signal is expressed in terms of a filtering error and the rate of change of this mutual information with respect to a parameter multiplying the rate function of the Levy process is expressed in terms of a smoothing error. These results generalize the analogous mutual information results for some Gaussian noise processes with additive stochastic signals.
Acupuncture reduces experimental renovascular hypertension through mechanisms involving nitric oxide synthases.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that acupuncture on stomach 36 point (ST-36) reduces hypertension by activating nitric oxide synthase signaling mechanisms. Methods: The authors used the two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertension (2K1C) hamster model with electroacupuncture treatment. Results: Thirty-minute daily electroacupuncture treatment for 5 days reduced mean arterial pressure from 160.0 ± 7.6 to 128.0 ± 4.3 mmHg (mean ± SEM), compared to 115.0 ± 7.2 mmHg in sham-operated hamsters. Electroacupuncture increased periarteriolar NO concentration from 309.0 ± 21.7 nM to 417.9 ± 20.9 nM in the 2K1C hamster cheek pouch microcirculation when measured with NO-sensitive microelectrodes. Hypertension reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) proteins relative to the sham-operated control, as measured by Western blotting. Electroacupuncture prevented the reduction of eNOS and nNOS associated with hypertension and showed even higher eNOS and nNOS expressions than sham-operated control in stomach and cheek pouch tissues, which are on the stomach meridian. Analysis of liver tissue, a nonstomach-meridian organ, indicated that electroacupuncture did not have a significant benefit in terms of enhanced expressions of eNOS and nNOS in the treated 2K1C hypertensive group.
CDN Request Routing to reduce network access cost

Content Delivery Networks (CDN) are overlay network of servers being used to deliver growing traffic demands on the Internet. As a result, CDNs are facing ever-increasing operating costs. Internet Service Providers (ISP) charge CDNs on server traffic, computed using common usage-based charging models, e.g. 95th Percentile charging. We propose Network Cost Aware Request Routing, NetReq, that assign user requests to reduce server charging volume. We compare NetReq against nearest-available server request routing in large scale simulations for both web and multicast traffic requests. NetReq reduces charging volume for both traffic request types, thereby reducing cost. NetReq provides comparable network performance for multicast traffic by introducing end-to-end delay as a constraint in the request-routing. NetReq marginally increases network performance for web traffic, when content maybe available at every server.
Robust Non-Zenoness of Piecewise Affine Systems with Applications to Linear Complementarity Systems

Piecewise affine systems (PASs) constitute an important class of nonsmooth switching dynamical systems subject to state dependent mode transitions arising from control and dynamic optimization. A fundamental issue in dynamics analysis of switching systems pertains to the possible occurrence of infinitely many switchings in finite time, referred to as the Zeno behavior. There has been a growing interest in characterization of Zeno free switching systems. Different from the recent non-Zeno analysis of switching systems, the present paper studies non-Zeno properties of PASs subject to system parameter and/or initial state perturbations, inspired by sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of PASs. Specifically, by exploiting the geometry of polyhedral subdivisions and dynamical system techniques, this paper establishes a uniform bound on the number of mode switchings for a family of Lipschitz PASs under mild uniform conditions on system parameters and associated polyhedral subdivisions. This result is employed t...
Yeast ribosomal protein L1 is required for the stability of newly synthesized 5S rRNA and the assembly of 60S ribosomal subunits

Abstract Ribosomal protein L1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds 5S rRNA and can be released from intact 60S ribosomal subunits as an L1-5S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle. To understand the nature of the interaction between L1 and 5S rRNA and to assess the role of L1 in ribosome assembly and function, we cloned the RPL1 gene encoding L1. We have shown that RPL1 is an essential single-copy gene. A conditional null mutant in which the only copy of RPL1 is under control of the repressible GAL1 promoter was constructed. Depletion of L1 causes instability of newly synthesized 5S rRNA in vivo. Cells depleted of L1 no longer assemble 60S ribosomal subunits, indicating that L1 is required for assembly of stable 60S ribosomal subunits but not 40S ribosomal subunits. An L1-5S RNP particle not associated with ribosomal particles was detected by coimmunoprecipitation of L1 and 5S rRNA. This pool of L1-5S RNP remained stable even upon cessation of 60S ribosomal subunit assembly by depletion of another ribosomal protein, L16. Preliminary results suggest that transcription of RPL1 is not autogenously regulated by L1.
Samariumdiiodid-vermittelte Reaktionen in der Totalsynthese

Samariumdiiodid (SmI2) hat nach seiner Einfuhrung vor mehr als drei Jahrzehnten durch Henri Kagan zunehmend Verwendung in der chemischen Synthese gefunden. Dieses Ein-Elektronen-Reduktionsmittel ist besonders nutzlich fur C-C-Bindungsknupfungen, wie sie unter anderem auch bei Totalsynthesen erforderlich sind. In diesem Aufsatz werden ausgewahlte Anwendungsbeispiele von SmI2 in der Totalsynthese vorgestellt, wobei neuartige Umwandlungen und mechanistische Uberlegungen besonders hervorgehoben werden. Die hier erorterten Beispiele verdeutlichen die Wirksamkeit dieses Reagens beim Aufbau komplizierter Verbindungen und geben Anreize fur die Entwicklung von Synthesestrategien fur naturliche wie auch synthetische Verbindungen.
Effects of Composition and Environment on the Fracture of Fluoride Glasses

Indentation-crack-length procedures were used to determine the critical fracture toughness (KIC) and the sensitivity to environmentally enhanced crack growth in heavy-metal fluoride glasses of varying chemical composition. The data show that while KIC was more or less invariant with composition, some glasses were more susceptible to subcritical crack growth than others. The results are interpreted in terms of existing crack-growth models. A technique for predicting KIC from fundamental atomic bonding and crystal-structure data for these glasses is discussed.
Two distinct modes of myosin assembly and dynamics during epithelial wound closure

Actomyosin contraction powers the sealing of epithelial sheets during embryogenesis and wound closure; however, the mechanisms are poorly understood. After laser ablation wounding of Madin–Darby canine kidney cell monolayers, we observed distinct steps in wound closure from time-lapse images of myosin distribution during resealing. Immediately upon wounding, actin and myosin II regulatory light chain accumulated at two locations: (1) in a ring adjacent to the tight junction that circumscribed the wound and (2) in fibers at the base of the cell in membranes extending over the wound site. Rho-kinase activity was required for assembly of the myosin ring, and myosin II activity was required for contraction but not for basal membrane extension. As it contracted, the myosin ring moved toward the basal membrane with ZO-1 and Rho-kinase. Thus, we suggest that tight junctions serve as attachment points for the actomyosin ring during wound closure and that Rho-kinase is required for localization and activation of the contractile ring.
Big Theory: A Trojan Horse for Economics?

These are exciting times for sociologists. Device-mediated communications enable unprecedented empirical opportunities to obtain real-time data on individual human interactions on a global scale. To realize this potential, the critical need is not a universally applicable theoretical framework but a widely shared analytical toolkit of models and methods for middle-range theorizing, including methods to collect, process, and analyze massive data, and to conduct online experiments with randomized assignment involving large numbers of participants.
Differential contributions of ApoE4 and female sex to BACE1 activity and expression mediate Aβ deposition and learning and memory in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, disproportionately affects women in both prevalence and severity. This increased vulnerability to AD in women is strongly associated with age-related ovarian hormone loss and apolipoprotein E 4 allele (ApoE4), the most important genetic risk factor for sporadic AD. Up to date, the mechanism involved in the interaction between ApoE4 and sex/gender in AD is still unclear. This study evaluated the sex-dependent ApoE4 effects on learning and memory, Aβ deposition and potential mechanisms, using mice bearing both sporadic (ApoE4) and familial (APPSwe, PS1M146V, tauP301L; 3xTg) AD risk factors and compared with sex- and age-matched 3xTg or nonTg mice. Compared to nonTg mice, transgenic mice of both sexes showed spatial learning and memory deficits in the radial arm water maze and novel arm discrimination tests at 20 months of age. However, at 10 months, only ApoE4/3xTg mice showed significant learning and memory impairment. Moreover, molecular studies of hippocampal tissue revealed significantly higher protein levels of Aβ species, β-site APP cleavage enzyme (BACE1) and Sp1, a transcription factor of BACE1, in female ApoE4/3xTg when compared with female nonTg, female 3xTg and male ApoE4/3xTg mice. Significantly increased BACE1 enzymatic activities were observed in both male and female mice carrying ApoE4; however, only the females showed significant higher BACE1 expressions. Together, these data suggest that ApoE4 allele is associated with increased BACE1 enzymatic activity, while female sex plays an important role in increasing BACE1 expression. The combination of both provides a molecular basis for high Aβ pathology and the resultant hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits in female ApoE4 carriers.
Nondestructive Dynamic Testing of Soils and Pavements

Non destructive testing techniques based on the application of dynamic loads on the surface of a soil deposit or a pavement system, and the measurement of the resulting deflection basins or the phase difference between the motions recorded at various receivers have become powerful tools in civil engineering. In many cases, however, the interpretation of the recorded data relies on static analyses, ignoring entirely dynamic needed for a correct dynamic interpretation using wave propagation theory propagation in an elastic half space, a homogeneous layer of finite thickness resting on a rigid base, and a horizontally layered medium in general are presented with special emphasis on the interpretation of the data collected in the Falling Weight Deflectometer ( FWD ) and the Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave ( SASW ) tests.
Philosophy, Science, and Virtual Communism

AbstractThis paper considers how science, philosophy, and “the virtual” inform the political potential of the communism that emerges within capitalism. It looks to the work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, in particular What is Philosophy?, to set the terms of an anti-capitalist science and philosophy. Their understanding of the contrasting roles of the virtual in science and philosophy is then used to draw points of distinction between the theories of Manuel DeLanda, Jason Read, and Maurizio Lazzarato. DeLanda's work demonstrates the uses of science, specifically the non-linear tracking of emergent phenomena. Read's work demonstrates the uses of philosophy, specifically the historical tracing of the capitalist mode of production. And Lazzarato's work demonstrates a combination of philosophy and science, specifically the theoretical identification of becomings not captured by capitalism. Throughout, the paper employs Deleuze and Guattari's concept of the “the virtual” to map the potentiality of commu...
The critical window of brain development from susceptive to insusceptive. Effects of clomipramine neonatal treatment on sexual behavior.

Abstract The immature brain is much more sensitive to abnormal experience, particularly sleep deprivation, drug exposure, and maternal separation. The critical time period during which features in the brain’s susceptibility to such experience change, however, has not yet been determined. In previous studies on rats, we found that neonatal treatment with clomipramine (CLI) during postnatal days 8–21 (P8–21) produced behavioral and physiological abnormalities in adult rats that resembled the abnormalities found in human endogenous depression. The objective of the present study is to determine (1) the critical (more specifically, the latest) time frame in which CLI treatment will produce adult depression and (2) the shortest treatment window during which CLI can induce adult depression. Male rats were neonatally treated with CLI (20 mg/kg, sc) twice daily or with an equivolume of saline. The treatment windows were P12–17, P14–20, P16–22, and P12–15. Six variables, including number of mounts, intromission, ejaculation, mount latency, ejaculation latency, and post-ejaculation interval, were measured visually between the ages of 4 and 5 months. Rats treated with CLI showed significant sexual impairment in treatment windows P12–17 and P14–20 and slight sexual deficiency in the short window P12–15. No significant sexual impairment was found in window P16–22. We concluded that P14–20 was the latest window during which CLI treatment produces adult sexual deficiency and that 6 days might be the shortest treatment window to produce significant behavior abnormalities.
The Effect of Spark Location on Combustion in a Variable-Swirl Engine

Influence de la position de la bougie d'allumage sur la combustion dans un moteur a turbulence variable
Clinical Profile of Migraine Patients in a Community Based Neurology Practice (A Retrospective Chart Review) (P06.160)

OBJECTIVE: To define the extent of non-headache neurological symptoms in migraine patients. BACKGROUND: Migraine is a common disease that affects 7-9 % population in US. It is our observation that non-headache symptoms associated with migraine are less recognized. We analyzed 100 charts to assess non-headache neurological symptoms in migraine patients. DESIGN/METHODS: 100 charts with diagnosis of migraine were randomly selected and reviewed. RESULTS: Of 100 migraine patients, 79% were female and 21% male. Age range was 18-85 years. Total of 36% patients reported symptoms of vestibular dysfunction, dizziness and vertigo. A total of 26% patients met diagnostic criteria for chronic daily headaches. A total of 17% patients reported episodic numbness on face. A total of 20% patients reported complex neurological symptoms including difficulty with speech, word finding difficulties, confusion, amnesia/short term memory loss, motor weakness, and numbness. CONCLUSIONS: Migraine entails complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Several areas of central nervous system such as brainstem, cortex, and limbic system, vestibular system can be affected leading to variable symptomatology. Potential mechanisms include a series of complex events such as vasospasm, vasodilation, cortical spreading depression, inflammation, hypersensitization, and ion-channel/ mitochondrial dysfunction. In our cohort most commonly reported symptoms were dizziness and vertigo (36%), followed by confusion/disorientation/difficulty with speech in 20%, and facial numbness in 17%. About 26 % of our patients met diagnostic criteria for Chronic Daily Headaches. It appears that a significant number of migraine patients suffer from variable and complex symptomatology that are poorly understood and poorly recognized. Many of these patients do not have headache as a major symptoms, therefore, may be subjected to unnecessary and expansive diagnostic testing. Acknowledgement: Anant Walia from Manheim Township High school, Lancaster, helped in retrospective chart review of these patients. Disclosure: Dr. Walia has nothing to disclose.
Production of Pylorospasm and Prepyloric Ulcers in Rats

We reported that ulceration of the prostomach of rats following protein restriction was due to the action of the acid gastric juice.1 An investigation was therefore undertaken to determine whether the gastric acidity was increased by protein restriction. To estimate the acidity, from 15 to 100 pieces of iron, steel or aluminum were given daily to 10 rats, by a method described elsewhere,2 and the degree of erosion or the percentage of weight lost in passage through the digestive tract was noted. Tests were made for periods of from 47 to over 100 days during which chiefly the protein content of the diets was changed from time to time. Data thus obtained3 were complicated by factors that tended to obscure evidence of changes in gastric acidity but the net impression was that ulceration of the prostomach occurred as a result of protein restriction without a marked increase in the gastric acidity of any of these rats.A more definite and striking consequence of protein restriction in 7 of the 10 rats was the d...
Durable antitumor responses to CD47 blockade require adaptive immune stimulation

Therapeutic antitumor antibodies treat cancer by mobilizing both innate and adaptive immunity. CD47 is an antiphagocytic ligand exploited by tumor cells to blunt antibody effector functions by transmitting an inhibitory signal through its receptor signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα). Interference with the CD47–SIRPα interaction synergizes with tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies to eliminate human tumor xenografts by enhancing macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), but synergy between CD47 blockade and ADCP has yet to be demonstrated in immunocompetent hosts. Here, we show that CD47 blockade alone or in combination with a tumor-specific antibody fails to generate antitumor immunity against syngeneic B16F10 tumors in mice. Durable tumor immunity required programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in combination with an antitumor antibody, with incorporation of CD47 antagonism substantially improving response rates. Our results highlight an underappreciated contribution of the adaptive immune system to anti-CD47 adjuvant therapy and suggest that targeting both innate and adaptive immune checkpoints can potentiate the vaccinal effect of antitumor antibody therapy.
Indicators for Evaluation of Zinc nutritional Status in Children

Zinc is an essential element for human metabolism, growth, and immune function. While, there are no definitive and reliable indicators for zinc status so far. A combination of biochemical and functional indices, such as estimated dietary zinc concentration, biochemical indices (zinc in hair, serum and plasma), growth, morbidity of infectious diseases, is frequently used to evaluate zinc status in children, according to national and international literatures.
Impairment of Venous Return in Hemorrhagic Shock

The physiology of venous return, which is the primary abnormality of hemorrhagic shock, and that of cardiac function is described. Therapeutic interventions for treatment of hemorrhagic shock are detailed.
Characteristics of Hearts at Necropsy in Patients Treated Chronically With Prednisone (The Corticosteroid Heart).

It is known that long-term corticosteroid therapy increases fatty deposits in several human tissues. To quantify the quantity of fatty deposits in the heart in patients on prednisone, we examined the heart at necropsy in 37 patients who had received long-term corticosteroid therapy (prednisone in 34) and compared certain findings in them to those in 194 (steroid-naive) patients also studied at necropsy at Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, in a 3-year period (2013, 2014, and 2015). Significant differences between the 2 groups were found in age, gender, and frequency of coronary artery disease but not in body mass index, frequency of massive cardiac adiposity, heart weight, or frequency of systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the patients taking ≤20 mg versus those taking >20 mg daily of prednisone. In conclusion, this study observed no significant differences in body mass index, frequency of cardiac adiposity (floating heart), heart weight, or frequencies of systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus in the patients receiving or not receiving prednisone for a long term, but the prednisone-treated patients were younger, more often women, and had a lower frequency of severe narrowing of ≥1 major coronary arteries.
Discovery of "Escherichia coli" CRISPR Sequences in an Undergraduate Laboratory.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) represent a novel type of adaptive immune system found in eubacteria and archaebacteria. CRISPRs have recently generated a lot of attention due to their unique ability to catalog foreign nucleic acids, their ability to destroy foreign nucleic acids in a mechanism that shares some similarity to RNA interference, and the ability to utilize reconstituted CRISPR systems for genome editing in numerous organisms. In order to introduce CRISPR biology into an undergraduate upper-level laboratory, a five-week set of exercises was designed to allow students to examine the CRISPR status of uncharacterized Escherichia coli strains and to allow the discovery of new repeats and spacers. Students started the project by isolating genomic DNA from E. coli and amplifying the iap CRISPR locus using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were analyzed by Sanger DNA sequencing, and the sequences were examined for the presence of CRISPR repeat sequences. The regions between the repeats, the spacers, were extracted and analyzed with BLASTN searches. Overall, CRISPR loci were sequenced from several previously uncharacterized E. coli strains and one E. coli K-12 strain. Sanger DNA sequencing resulted in the discovery of 36 spacer sequences and their corresponding surrounding repeat sequences. Five of the spacers were homologous to foreign (non-E. coli) DNA. Assessment of the laboratory indicates that improvements were made in the ability of students to answer questions relating to the structure and function of CRISPRs. Future directions of the laboratory are presented and discussed. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(3):262-269, 2017.
Correlation of Different Responses to Imatinib on Survival of Patients (pts) with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) in Accelerated (AP) and Blast Phase (BP).

Abstract Imatinib has remarkable activity in CML in all phases, with high rates of hematologic and cytogenetic response. However, in AP and BP responses are frequently less than complete hematologic remission (CHR), including partial hematologic remission (PHR) and return to chronic phase (second CP). The objective of this study was to investigate whether different responses to imatinib conferred a survival advantage in pts with CML in AP and BP. We evaluated 214 pts in AP and 76 pts in BP (11 lymphoid, 63 myeloid, 2 unclassified) treated with imatinib. Median age for AP pts was 49 yrs (range: 22–82 yrs) and for BP, 54 yrs (19–75 yrs). With a median follow-up of 49 months (1.9–67.5 months), 82 (38%) AP and 66 (87%) BP pts have died. A CHR and major cytogenetic (CG) response (MCR) have been achieved in 87% and 53% of AP pts, and 37% and 14% of BP pts, respectively. For AP pts the median overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were 65 and 49 months, respectively. In BP pts, median OS and PFS were 7 and 3 months. The OS by best response to imatinib was as follows: Response No. (%) Median OS (months) p value Median PFS (months) p value Accelerated phase CG CR 96 (45) Not reached Not reached CG PR 13 (6) 43 28 CG minor 13 (6) 48 31 CHR 57 (27) 34 22 PHR 16 (7) 14 6 Resistant 11 (5) 5 3 Blast Phase CG CR 6 (8) Not reached Not reached CG PR + minor 8 (11) 12 5 CHR + PHR 12 (16) 13 11 Second CP 6 (8) 9 4 Marrow CR/PR 9 (12) 5 4 Resistant 25 (33) 4 2 CG CR=complete CG response (Ph=0%), CG PR=partial CG response (Ph We conclude that although cytogenetic responses confer the most survival advantage in AP and BP after imatinib therapy, hematologic responses are associated with a survival benefit.
Dangerous Obsession: The Troubled History of US-Cuban Relations

The objective of this research is to provide a better understanding as to why Cuba, more than any other Latin American nation maintained its enormous place in the American imaginary throughout the tensest decades of the Cold War. Immediately following the success of the Cuban Revolution, misinterpretations of Cuban objectives, fears of Soviet style Communist expansion, and the resulting failures in American policy turned Cuba from ally to enemy. By examining recently declassified government documents, recorded conversations, and interviews with the most influential figures involved in producing this Cold War foreign policy quagmire, this paper will illuminate one of the most misunderstood aspects of American Cold War history. This research will bring better understanding as to why the US Government’s frequent mishandling of Cuban affairs only intensified America’s obsession with Cuba and its seemingly invincible dictator.
Relativity in Four Dimensions

Chapter 6 starts the more advanced part of the book. The concept of 4-vectors and their dot product are introduced and used to define the general Lorentz transformation using matrices. With the help of Appendix B , the chapter extends the two-dimensional Lorentz transformations to the full four-dimensional Lorentz boosts. The general transformation of the coordinates of a four-dimensional event (its time and the three coordinates of its location) is derived as the building block of other 4-vectors. The general relativistic law of addition of velocities is an immediate consequence of this transformation. Aberration of light is introduced in a new light by deriving the formulas from the general relativistic law of addition of velocities. General Doppler formula and global positioning systems are discussed. The notions of 4-velocity and 4-momentum are introduced next and the general Lorentz transformation of energy and momentum 3-vector is derived. The invariant length of the 4-momentum is identified as (mc 2 ) 2 ( m c 2 ) 2 and the idea of independence of mass from velocity is reiterated. Four-acceleration is defined as the derivative of 4-velocity with respect to proper time and used to introduce 4-force and the second law of motion.
Synthesis by completion

The Knuth-Bendix completion procedure was introduced as a means of deriving canonical term-rewriting systems to serve as decision procedures for given equational theories. The procedure generates new rewrite rules to resolve ambiguities resulting from existing rules that overlap. We propose using this procedure to synthesize logic programs, as well as functional programs, from specifications and domain knowledge expressed as equivalence-preserving rewrite rules. An implementation is underway.
Flavones: Food Sources, Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Bioactivity

Flavones are a class of flavonoids that are a subject of increasing interest because of their biological activities in vitro and in vivo. This article reviews the major sources of flavones and their concentrations in food and beverages, which vary widely between studies. It also covers the roles of flavones in plants, the influence of growing conditions on their concentrations, and their stability during food processing. The absorption and metabolism of flavones are also reviewed, in particular the intestinal absorption of both O- and C-glycosides. Pharmacokinetic studies in both animals and humans are described, comparing differences between species and the effects of glycosylation on bioavailability. Biological activity in animal models and human dietary intervention studies is also reviewed. A better understanding of flavone sources and bioavailability is needed to understand mechanisms of action and nutritional intervention.
Predictors of complicated airway foreign body extraction.

Objectives To evaluate outcomes of foreign body aspiration (FBA) and to investigate surgeon and hospital volume as risk factors for a complicated course. Study Design Retrospective case series. Methods Children with FBA in a multihospital network were identified from January 2005 to September 2015. Demographic information, surgeon, and hospital location were reviewed. Mean operative time and hospital length of stay were recorded. Cases requiring intensive care unit admission, hospital stay greater than 24 hours, need for more than one bronchoscopy, operative time greater than 1 hour, or death were considered “complicated.” Results A total of 450 cases of airway foreign body extraction were performed. Patient ages ranged from 0.6 to 18.8 years, with a median age of 1.9 years. Bronchoscopy with foreign body extraction was performed by 55 different surgeons at 11 different facilities. There were one to 24 surgeons for each facility, with an average number of 5.4 surgeons per facility. A total of 88 (19.6%) cases were considered complicated, including five (1.1%) deaths. Increased rates of complications were seen with unwitnessed aspiration (P = 0.008) and hyperlucency (P < 0.001) or infiltrates (P = 0.001) on chest radiographs. No significant association was found between surgeon type or facility as related to a complicated case. Conclusions Unwitnessed aspiration events and abnormalities on chest radiograph may be associated with a more complicated course in children with FBA. This multihospital study identified a low number of procedures by many surgeons; however, surgeon and hospital volume did not significantly correlate with higher complication rates. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2017
Ocean submesoscales as a key component of the global heat budget

Recent studies highlight that oceanic motions associated with horizontal scales smaller than 50 km, defined here as submesoscales, lead to anomalous vertical heat fluxes from colder to warmer waters. This unique transport property is not captured in climate models that have insufficient resolution to simulate these submesoscale dynamics. Here, we use an ocean model with an unprecedented resolution that, for the first time, globally resolves submesoscale heat transport. Upper-ocean submesoscale turbulence produces a systematically-upward heat transport that is five times larger than mesoscale heat transport, with winter-time averages up to 100 W/m^2 for mid-latitudes. Compared to a lower-resolution model, submesoscale heat transport warms the sea surface up to 0.3 °C and produces an upward annual-mean air–sea heat flux anomaly of 4–10 W/m^2 at mid-latitudes. These results indicate that submesoscale dynamics are critical to the transport of heat between the ocean interior and the atmosphere, and are thus a key component of the Earth’s climate.
Foundational Mindfulness- and Acceptance- Informed Interventions and Practices

This chapter introduces therapists to mindfulness and acceptance intervention practices and principles that can be used in a wide range of therapy contexts. The intervention practices are divided into three groups: (a) philosophy-in-action, which includes befriending problems, embracing what is, and cultivating wisdom and compassion; (b) practices for cultivating empathy, which includes not-knowing expertise and planting the seeds of equanimity in good times, difficult times, and in-between times; and (c) in-dialogue mindful-experiencing, which includes mindful experiencing of thoughts and emotions, mindful awareness of relational patterns, and mindful enactments.
Applications of Ionic Liquids in Removal of Surface Contaminants

Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of low melting point materials with tunable properties that make them attractive for cleaning applications. These properties include high solubility for a wide range of contaminants, thermal and chemical stability, low melting point, very low volatility, and high conductivity. IL solvents do have some disadvantages including high cost, complex synthesis, need for purification for reuse, and high toxicity and non-biodegradability of many formulations. DESs have been developed to overcome some of these limitations. Successfully demonstrated cleaning applications range from brush cleaning for removal of microcontaminants to electropolishing of metals and soil decontamination.
Targeted Stimulation of MSCs in Peripheral Nerve Repair

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have considerable translational potential in a wide variety of clinical disciplines and are the cellular foundation of individualized treatments of auto-immune, cardiac, neurologic and musculoskeletal diseases and disorders. While the cellular mechanisms by which MSCs exert their biological effects remain to be ascertained, it has been hypothesized that MSCs are supportive of local tissue repair through secretion of essential growth factors. Therapeutic applications of MSCs in peripheral nerve repair have recently been reported. This review focuses on how MSCs can promote nerve regeneration by conversion into Schwann-like cells, and discusses differentiation methods including delivery and dosing of naive or differentiated MSCs, as well as in vitro and in vivo outcomes. While MSC-based therapies for nerve repair are still in early stages of development, current progress in the field provides encouragement that MSCs may have utility in the treatment of patients with peripheral nerve injury.
An encoding approach to Ante Rem structuralism

While ante rem structuralism offers a promising account of mathematical truth and mathematical ontology, several of the most prominent formulations of the view seem to be subject to significant difficulties involving the identity conditions of the objects they posit. In this paper I argue that those difficulties can be overcome by adopting encoding structuralism, a version of realism about mathematical objects developed by Bernard Linsky, Uri Nodelman and Edward Zalta.
The Impact of Social Influence, Technophobia, and Perceived Safety on Autonomous Vehicle Technology Adoption

The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between social influence, technophobia, perceived safety of autonomous vehicle technology, number of automobile-related accidents and the intention to use autonomous vehicles. The methodology was a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study. Theory of Planned Behavior provided the underlying theoretical framework. An online survey was the primary method of data collection. Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. This study found that both social influence and perceived safety of autonomous vehicle technology had significant, positive relationships with the intention to use autonomous vehicles. Additionally, a significant negative relationship was found among technophobia and intention to use autonomous vehicles. However, no relationship was found between the number of automobile-related accidents and intention to use autonomous vehicles. This study presents several original and significant findings as a contribution to the literature on autonomous vehicle technology adoption and proposes new dimensions of future research within this emerging field.
Wellness, For Residents - By Residents

Background: Managing stress during residency training, be it mental, physical, or spiritual, requires a holistic approach. [1] Resident wellness is imperative for effectively managing stress successfully and preventing burnout. [2] Physician burnout during residency, is often reported higher than sixty percent. [3] Establishing an environment of wellness for residents is important. For such an endeavor to be successful and sustainable, resident participation, buy-in, and faculty support is required. [4] Objective: A self-identified group of residents spanning all years of training organized a resident-led wellness committee. The committee goals were to …
The impact of key US biofuel policies: An example of the US RFS and California's LCFS

Abstract In this chapter, we highlight two prominent and overlapping renewable fuel policies in the United States: the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) at the federal level and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) in California. Although they are implemented at different levels, the policies have important cross-effects that influence consumer prices in both “regions,” the ability of obligated parties to meet policy requirements, and the ability to achieve social goals. We analyze hypothetical policy regimes using a set of partial equilibrium models covering both agricultural and biofuel markets. We find that the policies are mutually reinforcing, in that the implementation of one of these policies makes meeting the other policy easier.
Bcr-Abl Efficiently Induces a Myeloproliferative Disease and Production of Excess Interleukin-3 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Mice: A Novel Model for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

The bcr-abl oncogene plays a critical role in causing chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Effective laboratory animal models of CML are needed to study the molecular mechanisms by which the bcr-abl oncogene acts in the disease progression of CML. We used a murine stem cell retroviral vector (MSCV) to transduce the bcr-abl/p210 oncogene into mouse bone marrow cells and found that expression of Bcr-Abl/p210 induced a myeloproliferative disorder that resembled the chronic phase of human CML in 100% of bone marrow transplanted mice in about 3 weeks. This CML-like disease was readily transplanted to secondary recipient mice. Multiple clones of infected cells were expanded in the primary recipients, but the leukemia was primarily monoclonal in the secondary recipient mice. Mutation analysis demonstrated that the protein tyrosine kinase activity of Bcr-Abl/p210 was essential for its leukemogenic potential in vivo. Interestingly, we found that the leukemic cells expressed excess interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the diseased mice. These studies demonstrate that expression of Bcr-Abl can induce a CML-like leukemia in mice much more efficiently and reproducibly than in previously reported mouse CML models, probably due to efficient expression in the correct target cell(s). Our first use of this model for analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in CML raises the possibility that excess expression of hematopoietic growth factors such as IL-3 and GM-CSF may contribute to the clinical phenotype of CML.
Thyroid and Fertility: Recent Advances

Background: Thyroid disease is prevalent in women of reproductive age, while infertility is common in women with thyroid dysfunction. In this study, we review the recent advances in the field of th...
Chapter 10 – Jennifer M.

Publisher Summary This chapter contains a completed workbook. The client described is Jennifer M., an 8-year-old girl who was sexually abused by a man outside of her family. The case is presented without any explanatory material so that the reader can get a good sense of the flow of the workbook. However, at the beginning of each section, there are page numbers that refer to the pages in this text where explanatory material for that particular section can be found. In presenting this case, the authors do not assert that either the case formulation or play therapy treatment plan is necessarily the only or the best ones that could have been developed. Therefore, the reader should be aware that it is very likely that the work he or she generates will deviate, perhaps substantially, from what is contained herein. Therapists with different theoretical orientations might conceptualize this case very differently; and, therapists with different intervention styles might plan a very different course of treatment. In this book, the therapy is not viewed as a process of finding and implementing the “one true” formulation and treatment plan. Rather, it focuses on what is critical to the practice of good play therapy.