cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open-source smartphone platform for quantitative imaging and analysis in point-of-care applications

The development of smartphones over the last decade has led to a growth in interest of their potential to tackle numerous point-of-care diagnostic and treatment assessment applications. Despite this interest, there has been lackluster transition of smartphones within clinical care, where the reproducibility of measurements across devices and inability to perform image analysis within the device has hampered development. Here, we present an open-source platform for performing quantitative imaging and analysis within the iOS smartphone environment. We explore the need for RAW pixel data within quantitative applications and characterize the iPhone 11 to lay the foundation for its use in scientific and point-of-care imaging applications.
SARS-Cov-2 Spike binding to ACE2 is stronger and longer ranged due to glycan interaction

Highly detailed steered Molecular Dynamics simulations are performed on differently glycosylated receptor binding domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The binding strength and the binding range increases with glycosylation. The interaction energy rises very quickly with pulling the proteins apart and only slowly drops at larger distances. We see a catch slip type behavior where interactions during pulling break and are taken over by new interactions forming. The dominant interaction mode are hydrogen bonds but Lennard-Jones and electrostatic interactions are relevant as well.
The Social Times of Network Spaces: Sequence Analysis of Network Formation and Foreign Investment in Hungary, 1987-2001

In order to build the model that reflects the process of network ties formation between the enterprises since they were created as well as the impact of the foreign investment on this network within the whole period of fast fundamental economic transformation we gathered the full data about the history of the ownership form changes of 1696 biggest Hungarian companies during 1987-2001. Combining methods of network analysis and dynamic analysis of the sequence of network positions we disclosed different ways of using network recourses that allow firms to come over the uncertainty, hide or restructurise actives get information and provide legitimacy. In this period the ownership nested in the network grew, gained stability and attracted more and more foreign capital. Strong network of the recombined ownership appeared to be stable and integrated the foreign investment inside themselves. Despite that multinational corporations destroyed the networks of joined enterprises with the help of their subsidiaries and daughter companies, we got the evidence that at the same time they built other stable strong networks. The results of our investigation allow us to assume that developing economies do not necessarily face the involuntary choice between global and local embedded networks.
Abstract #LB-208: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3 inhibiton through LBH589 dephosphorylate Akt through protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complexes in diffuse large B cell Lymphoma

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that is considered curable; however, even with rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy 40% relapse and die of disease. New agents with novel mechanisms of action are needed for this disease. We have demonstrated that treatment of DLBCL cells with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor LBH589 as a single agent induced growth inhibition at nano-molar doses in association with inhibition of constitutively activated Akt in a time and dose dependent manner. The aim of the present study is to explore the mechanism by which LBH causes Akt deactivation in DLBCL. Mechanistically, this Akt dephosphorylation might be mediated through the deactivation of upstream kinases or the activation of a downstream phosphatase. To discern the role of transcriptional activation by LBH, we assessed the expression levels of a series of signaling proteins related to the regulation of Akt signaling pathways in LBH treated DLBCL cell line DHL-6. Proteins investigated included the p85 regulatory subunits of PI3K, PDK-1, Akt, PP1, and PP2A. We have shown that LBH exposure did not alter the expression level of any of these signaling proteins, excluding the involvement of transcriptional activation in altering the status of Akt phosphorylation. Consequently, we investigated a potential link between LBH-mediated Akt down-regulation and protein phosphatase activation by examining the effect of the PP1 inhibitor calyculin A on phospho-Akt levels in LBH-treated DHL-6 cells. Calyculin A completely abrogated the effect of LBH on phospho-Akt, suggesting the involvement of PP1 in LBH-facilitated Akt dephosphorylation. Next we investigated whether LBH causes PP1-mediated Akt dephosphorylation through HDAC inhibition. Since LBH treatment did not lead to increased PP1 levels, we hypothesized that the HDAC inhibitor might cause disruption of HDAC-PP1complexes, which would free PP1 to interact with Akt. LBH treatment produced disruption of the HDAC-PP1 complex accompanied by a dose dependent increase in PP1-Akt associations. We also found that DLBCL lines expressed both class I and class II HDACs and LBH treatment significantly inhibited HDAC3 and HDAC4 expression, while had only moderate effects on other HDACs. Further, we used HDAC3 and HDAC4 specific siRNAs to selectively knock down the expression of HDACs 3 and 4 and found that repressed expression of HDAC3 but not HDAC4 led to decreased Akt phosphorylation. In summary, the above findings suggest that LBH causes PP1-mediated Akt dephosphorylation by sequestering HDAC 3. This novel HDAC-PP1-Akt mechanism will allow the design of more effective strategies to optimize the use of these agents in DLBCL as single-agents or in combination with other drugs. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-208.
La gran estrategia liberal y la persistencia del orden hegemónico de Estados Unidos durante la posguerra

After the fall of the Soviet bloc, the USA has consolidated as the only dominant power in the world. According to the balance of power theory, this situation should provide incentives for American allies to counteract American dominance. Evidence shows, howver, that effort to equilibrate the power of the USA have been scarce. To understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to substitute the balance of power theory by a combination of balance-threat theory and the theory of collective goods. According to these theories, US should develop a strategy of self-restraint if it wants to avoid the formation of an anti-US alliance and mantain dominant position.
The Effect of IQ Level on the Instructional Effectiveness of Black-and-White and Color Illustrations

This study was motivated by apparent inconsistencies between the results of some research on perception and certain established theories, specifically the iconicity theory identified with Morris (1946), the sign similarity orientation developed by Carpenter (1953), the theory of pictorial perception proposed by Gibson (1954), and Dale's (1946), cone of experience. For convenience, these will be referred to collectively as "realism theories" as opposed to what some researchers have referred to as the "irrelevant cue theories." The basic assumption of each of the realism theories is that learning will be more complete as the number of cues in the learning situation increases. Although it has been established that the use of carefully prepared visuals can facilitate student learning (Kopstein & Roshal, 1954; Gropper, 1962; Treichler, 1967), there has been little attempt to determine the rela-
Fracture behavior of stitched warp-knit fabric composites

Pilot studies are conducted to characterize the macroscopic fracture resistance behavior using linear elastic fracture mechanics and attempt to quantify the fracture parameters in which may govern the fracture and failure patterns of stitched warp-knit fabric composites. Methods based on the J-integral method and Betti's reciprocal theorem in extracting the fracture parameters, critical stress intensity factors, T-stress, and the second term of σy(r,0) near the crack tip prior to fracture initiation are formulated. Two fracture criteria, [σc,rc] and [ec,rc] are attempted to characterize the failure initiation for the fiber-dominated failure mode and self-similar crack extension in a given thickness of the laminate. Based on linear elastic fracture mechanics principle, these criteria are transformed into crack-driving forces [KQ,T] and [KQ,g32]. The two-parameter fracture criteria, [KQ,T] and [KQ,g32] provide a good correlation for the CCT and SENT specimens, but not for the high constraint CT specimens. With the limited experimental data, the results tend to show that the large tensile T-stress and large magnitude of negative g32 may inhibit the crack extension in the same crack plane and promote crack kinking.
Multi-domain Protein Family Classification Using Isomorphic Inter-property Relationships

Multi-domain proteins result from the duplication and combination of complex but limited number of domains. The ability to distinguish multi-domain homologs from unrelated pairs that share a domain is essential to genomic analysis. Heuristics based on sequence similarity and alignment coverage have been proposed to screen out domain insertions but have met with limited success. In this paper we propose a unique protein classification schema for multi-domain protein superfamilies. Segmented profiles of physico-chemical properties and amino acid composition are created for vector quantization based dimensionality reduction to create a feature profile for rule-discovery and classification. Association rules are mined to identify isomorphic relationships that govern the formation of domains between proteins to correctly predict homologous pairs and reject unrelated pairs, including those that share domains. Our results demonstrate that effective classification of conserved domain classes can be performed using these feature profiles, and the classifier is not susceptible to class imbalances frequently encountered in these databases.
Ab-initio study of the energetics and thermodynamics of the reaction CH3H + O(3P) → CF3H … O → CF3 + OH

Abstract Ab-initio computations at 298.15 K were made of the activation quantities ΔH ‡ , ΔS ‡ , and ΔG ‡ and of the reaction quantities ΔH r and ΔS r for CF 3 H + O ( 3 P ) → CF 3 H … O → . CF 3 . OH . CF 3 H … O is the transition state (TS). GAUSSIAN92 was used and energies computed at a slightly modified Gaussian-2 level. Two potential surfaces for the TS had symmetries 3 A′ and 3 A″. The two rate constants included a semi-classical, quantum-mechanical-tunneling transmission coefficient. The ab-initio ΔH ‡ and ΔH r values were in excellent agreement (± 1 kcal/mol) with experiment; but the ΔS ‡ , ΔG ‡ , and ΔS r values yielded somewhat poorer agreement. Experimental and ab-initio structures were in excellent agreement.
Spectroscopy of Trivalent Praseodymium in Barium Yttrium Fluoride

This work reports the results of an investigation of the spectroscopic properties of trivalent praseodymium (Pr3+) in barium yttrium fluoride (BaY2F8). Two doping concentrations were used: BaY2F8:Pr3+ (0.3%) and BaY2F8:Pr3+ (1%). Absorption spectra, taken at 77 and 300 K, allowed the placement of the energy levels of the 4f2 electronic configuration of Pr3+. Luminescence spectra were obtained with transitions originating mainly in the metastable levels 3P0, 1D2, and 3F3. Time-resolved spectroscopy was used to clarify the assignment of several spectral lines.
Fabrication of a thin film micro polarization array

A thin film polarizer has been patterned and etched using reactive ion etching (RIE) in order to create 14 micron circular periodic structures. The polarization thin film has extinction ratio of 60dB in the blue and green visible spectrum and /spl sim/40db in the red spectrum. Various gas combinations for RIE has been explored and it has been experimentally determined that for a particular concentration of CF/sub 4/ and O/sub 2/ an optimum etching rate, in terms of speed and under-etching, is possible. Theoretical explanation for the optimum etching rate has been also presented. In addition, anisotropic etching with less then 0.5/spl mu/m under cutting has been achieved. Experimental results of the patterned structures under polarized light are presented.
Transient painful osteoporosis of the lower extremities.

Eight women and two men had multiple episodes of idiopathic painful osteoporosis of the bones of a joint of one or both lower extremities. There was tenderness and pain with use of the involved joint in all cases, and slight swelling, erythema, and warmth were noted frequently. Within six to eighteen months, the symptoms and findings in each episode spontaneously resolved completely or nearly completely. The features of the episodes among these patients and patients recently reported by others are similar enough to suggest a clinical syndrome. Recognition of this syndrome in a patient with a painful joint of a lower extremity should help in the choice of proper treatment.
Development of new testing procedures to measure propped fracture conductivity considering water damage in clay-rich shale reservoirs: An example of the Barnett Shale

Abstract Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is the key to the success of many shale gas and shale oil reservoirs. The main objective of hydraulic fracturing in shale is to create fracture networks with sufficient fracture conductivity. Due to the variation in shale mineralogical and mechanical properties, fracture conductivity damage mechanisms in shale formations are complex. Standard fracture conductivity measurement procedures developed for fractures with high proppant concentration had to be modified to measure the conductivity in fractures with low proppant concentration. Water-based fracturing fluids can interact with the clay minerals in shale and eventually impact shale fracture conductivity. All these challenges require more experimental studies to improve our understanding of realistic fracture conductivity in shale formations. The aims of this work were to design an experimental framework to measure fracture conductivity created by low concentration proppants and to investigate the mechanisms of conductivity damage by water. We first presented the laboratory procedures and experimental design that can accurately measure fracture conductivity of shale fractures at low concentrations of proppants. Then we measured the undamaged shale fracture conductivity by dry nitrogen. Water with similar flowback water compositions was injected to simulate the damage process followed by secondary gas flow to measure the recovered fracture conductivity after the water damage. This study shows that the developed laboratory procedures can be utilized to reproducibly measure shale fracture conductivity by both gas and liquid. The conductivity measurement of propped fractures by small size proppants at low concentrations requires strict control on gas flow bypassing the fracture both parallel and perpendicular to the fracture length direction. Shale fracture surface softening is identified as the dominant cause for the significant conductivity reduction after water flow.
Ethnobotanical Research Skills for Undergraduate Students of Underrepresented Minorities in STEM Disciplines

We developed a collaborative educational strategy to actively engage students from underrepresented minorities in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) in the study of ethnobotanical knowledge and practices of Dominicans in New York City and the Dominican Republic. Three Dominican students from Hostos Community College in New York City were taught basic botany in preparation for their training as research assistants in an ongoing Dominican ethnomedicine project at The New York Botanical Garden. The aim of this internship was to teach appropriate research skills while raising awareness and promoting cultural appreciation of Dominican and Latino health traditions. Students were selected based on their academic achievements and potential, their interest in learning more about Dominican culture and traditions, and their bilingual (English-Spanish) skills. At the end of the six month internship period the students were competent in basic botanical identification techniques, plant collection methodology, ethnobotanical interviewing, as well as research data management, and expressed increased awareness of the richness of Dominican medicinal plant knowledge. The inclusion of underrepresented minority students enrolled in community colleges in ethnobotanical research can contribute to safeguarding cultural traditions, especially in urban settings. Resumen Se desarrollo una estrategia educativa de colaboracion para incluir estudiantes de minorias poco representadas en las aereas de ciencia, tecnologia, ingenieria, y matematicas, en un estudio cientifico sobre el conocimiento tradicional de plantas medicinales en la comunidad Dominicana en Nueva York y la Republica Dominicana. Tres estudiantes Dominicanos de Hostos Community College en Nueva York recibieron ensenanza basica en botanica para luego ser entrenados como asistentes de investigacion en un proyecto de etnomedicina Dominicana supervisado por el Jardin Botanico de Nueva York. El objetivo de la colaboracion fue ensenar tecnicas apropiadas de investigacion cientifica asi como promover la sensibilidad y el aprecio por las practicas culturales Dominicanas y Latinas en relacion a la salud. Los estudiantes fueron seleccionados en base a sus logros y potencial academicos, su interes en la cultura y tradiciones Dominicanas y su habilidad bilingue (Ingles-Espanol). Al cabo de seis meses, los estudiantes demostraron competencia en tecnicas basicas de identificacion botanica, metodologia de recoleccion de plantas, entrevistas etnobotanicas, y manejo de datos. La inclusion de estudiantes de grupos minoritarios en investigacion etnobotanica puede contribuir a salvaguardar tradiciones culturales y conocimientos etnobotanicos, especialmente dentro del entorno urbano.
Thermal Conductivity of Some Alkali Halides Containing F Centers

Thermal conductivity measurements are used to study phonon scattering by $F$ centers in NaF, KCl, KBr, and KI. $F$ centers were produced by additive coloration and by x and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ irradiation. The total effect on the thermal conductivity is seen to be different for the two methods of preparation. The additively colored data display two features: a low-temperature depression due to phonon scattering by colloids and quench-induced defects, and a high-temperature effect due to phonon scattering by $F$ centers. The irradiated samples also display two features, a high-temperature effect due to $F$ centers and a different low-temperature depression of unknown origin. The high-temperature data in irradiated samples can be explained if one assumes that $F$ centers are formed in regions of high concentration during irradiation. Several mechanisms are discussed for the low-temperature depression in irradiated crystals, including interstitials and the effect of dislocations on $F$-center formation. The $F$ center is shown to produce quasilocalized impurity modes with frequencies of the order of ${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and is seen to scatter phonons elastically primarily through its strain field.
A survey of ballistic transfers to low lunar orbit

A simple strategy is identified to generate ballistic transfers between the Earth and Moon, i.e., transfers that perform two maneuvers: a trans-lunar injection maneuver to depart the Earth and a Lunar Orbit Insertion maneuver to insert into orbit at the Moon. This strategy is used to survey the performance of numerous transfers between varying Earth parking orbits and varying low lunar target orbits. The transfers surveyed include short 3-6 day direct transfers, longer 3-4 month low energy transfers, and variants that include Earth phasing orbits and/or lunar flybys.
Origins of catalysis by computationally designed retroaldolase enzymes

We have investigated recently reported computationally designed retroaldolase enzymes with the goal of understanding the extent and the origins of their catalytic power. Direct comparison of the designed enzymes to primary amine catalysts in solution revealed a rate acceleration of 105-fold for the most active of the designed retroaldolases. Through pH-rate studies of the designed retroaldolases and evaluation of a Bronsted correlation for a series of amine catalysts, we found that lysine pKa values are shifted by 3–4 units in the enzymes but that the catalytic contributions from the shifted pKa values are estimated to be modest, about 10-fold. For the most active of the reported enzymes, we evaluated the catalytic contribution of two other design components: a motif intended to stabilize a bound water molecule and hydrophobic substrate binding interactions. Mutational analysis suggested that the bound water motif does not contribute to the rate acceleration. Comparison of the rate acceleration of the designed substrate relative to a minimal substrate suggested that hydrophobic substrate binding interactions contribute around 103-fold to the enzymatic rate acceleration. Altogether, these results suggest that substrate binding interactions and shifting the pKa of the catalytic lysine can account for much of the enzyme’s rate acceleration. Additional observations suggest that these interactions are limited in the specificity of placement of substrate and active site catalytic groups. Thus, future design efforts may benefit from a focus on achieving precision in binding interactions and placement of catalytic groups.
Surface-water quality assessment using hyperspectral imagery

Hyperspectral imagining has been recently been used to obtain several water quality parameters in water bodies either inland or in oceans. Optical and thermal have proven that spatial and temporal information needed to track and understand trend changes for these water quality parameters will result in developing better management practices for improving water quality of water bodies. This paper will review water quality parameters Chlorophyll (Chl), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) obtained for the Sakonnet River in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island using the AVIRIS Sensor. The AVIRIS Sensor should improve the assessment and the definition of locations and pollutant concentrations of point and non-point sources. It will provide for necessary monitoring data to follow the clean up efforts and locate the necessary water and wastewater infrastructure to eliminate these point and non-point sources. This hyperspectral application would enhance the evaluation by both point and non-point sources, improve upon and partially replace expenses, labor intensive field sampling, and allow for economical sampling and mapping of large geographical areas.
Generalized least squares and maximum likelihood estimation of the logistic function for technology diffusion

Abstract Given a simple stochastic model of technology adoption, we derive a function for technological diffusion that is logistic in the deterministic part and has an error term based on the binomial distribution. We derive two estimators—a generalized least squares (GLS) estimator and a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator—which should be more efficient than the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators typically used to estimate technological diffusion functions. We compare the two new estimators with OLS using Monte-Carlo techniques and find that under perfect specification, GLS and ML are equally efficient and both are more efficient than OLS. There was no evidence of bias in any of the estimators. We used the estimators on some example data and found evidence suggesting that under conditions of misspecification, the estimated variance-covariance of the ML estimator is badly biased. We verified the existence of the bias with a second Monte-Carlo experiment performed with a known misspecification. In the second experiment, GLS was the most efficient estimator, followed by ML, and OLS was least efficient. We conclude that the GLS estimator of choice.
Animal Memory: The Role of “Instructions”

Abstract Animal memory research has largely ignored the ambiguity of test conditions resulting from the absence of, what for humans would be called, adequate instructions. A number of examples, from both the animal learning and animal cognition literatures, are provided which suggest that the apparent memory loss that has been reported may be attributable to such “instructional artifacts.” In general, little attempt has been made to separate these effects from true memory loss. Thus, many of the parallels that have been drawn between the animal cognition and human cognition literatures may be inappropriate and may need to be reevaluated. Once these nonmemorial artifacts have been better identified, research designs can be developed to isolate them from true memory effects. Finally, to the extent that a common terminology can facilitate communication among researchers, viewing such nonmemorial performance decrements as instructional failures may have considerable heuristic value.
Modelling of a selforganization process leading to periodic arrays of nanometric amorphous precipitates by ion irradiation

Ion irradiation of materials, which undergo a drastic density change upon amorphization have been shown to exhibit selforganized, nanometric structures of the amorphous phase in the crystalline host lattice. In order to better understand the process a Monte-Carlo-simulation code based on a simple model is developed. In the present work we focus on high-dose carbon implantations into silicon. The simulation is able to reproduce results gained by cross-sectional TEM measurements of high-dose carbon implanted silicon. Necessary conditions can be specified for the selforganization process and information is gained about the compositional and structural state during the ordering process which is difficult to be obtained by experiment.
Estimating demand elasticities for cereal products: A socioeconomic approach using scanner data

Scanner data are used to estimate demand elasticities for breakfast cereals in two socioeconomic areas. Five groups of cereals are identified and the own-price elasticities for four of these are negative, statistically significant, and in the elastic range. A fifth group, snack cereals, is shown to have a statistically insignificant own-price elasticity and this is hypothesized to be related to impulse buying. Lower-income shoppers are more inclined to purchase the lowest-priced products within a product group; they are also more predisposed to select purchases from lower-priced product groups. Lower-income shoppers purchase private label cereals with twice the frequency of higher-income shoppers. ©1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reformulated leather protectors: safer for the ozone than the public.

(1996). Reformulated Leather Protectors: Safer for the Ozone Than the Public. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 25-26.
Static spatial effects in motor cortex and area 5: quantitative relations in a two-dimensional space.

We describe the relations between active maintenance of the hand at various positions in a two-dimensional space and the frequency of single cell discharge in motor cortex (n = 185) and area 5 (n = 128) of the rhesus monkey. The steady-state discharge rate of 124/185 (67%) motor cortical and 105/128 (82%) area 5 cells varied with the position in which the hand was held in space (“static spatial effect”). The higher prevalence of this effect in area 5 was statistically significant. In both structures, static effects were observed at similar frequencies for cells that possessed as well as for those that lacked passive driving from the limb. The results obtained by a quantitative analysis were similar for neurons of the two cortical areas studied. It was found that of the neurons with a static effect, the steady-state discharge rate of 78/124 (63%) motor cortical and 63/105 (60%) area 5 cells was a linear function of the position of the hand across the two-dimensional space, so that the neuronal “response surface” was adequately described by a plane (R2 ≥ 0.7, p < 0.05, F-test in analysis of variance). The preferred orientations of these response planes differed for different cells. These results indicate that individual cells in these areas do not relate uniquely a particular position of the hand in space. Instead, they seem to encode spatial gradients at certain orientations. A unique relation to position in space could be signalled by the whole population of these neurons, considered as an ensemble. This remains to be elucidated. Finally, the similarity of the quantitative relations observed in motor cortex and area 5 suggests that these structures may process spatial information in a similar way.
Secondary structural motions in polycarbonate. II. Identification of the motions and their relation to impact strength

Abstract The impact strength of polycarbonate, exhibited over a wide temperature range, is due to the existence of overlapping dynamic mechanical loss peaks in this same temperature range. A dielectric analysis of the motions causing these peaks indicates they impart impact strength by providing a large number of degrees of motional freedom over which the energy of an impact may be dissipated. The magnitude of the impact strength is directly related to the magnitude of the dynamic mechanical dissipation factor measured under the same conditions.
Parameters for Modeling Stranded Cables as Structural Beams

This paper presents a method for determining the effective homogenous beam parameters for stranded cables made up of non-homogenous wires, as well as characterization of the attachment method commonly used for cable harnesses on space structures. There is not yet a predictive model for quantifying the structural impact of cable harnesses on space flight structures, and towards this goal, the authors aim to predict cable resonance behavior from basic cable measurements. Cables can be modeled as shear beams, but the shear beam model assumes a homogenous, isotropic material, which a stranded cable is not. Thus, the cable-beam model requires both knowledge of the cable constraints and calculation of effectively homogenous properties, including density, area, bending stiffness, and modulus of rigidity to predict the natural frequencies of the cable. Through a combination of measurement and correction factors, upper and lower bounds for effective cable properties and attachment stiffness are calculated and shown to be effective in a cable-beam model for natural frequency prediction. Although the cables investigated are spaceflight cables, the method can be applied to any stranded cable for which the constituent material properties can be determined.
Predicting postnatal emotional adjustment with psychosocial and hormonal measures in early pregnancy

This prospective study showed that scores on a socioenvironmental stress questionnaire were related to numbers of crying spells and to estriol levels in pregnancy. Estriol levels in turn were correlated with numbers of antenatal and postnatal crying spells. Stress, hormonal response in pregnancy, and crying during pregnancy each contributed independently to predicting postpartum emotional adjustment.
A three inductor static machine

The quantitative theory of a three inductor static machine of the Holtz type is given. It is shown that such a machine is essentially a three phase electrostatic alternator, and that it can be star or mesh connected. A method for demonstrating the action of the machine visually by means of the glow in discharge tubes is described.
Effects of Near-Bottom Return Flows on Wind-Induced Currents

Abstract Wind, currents, and surface waves have been measured in a circulating wind-wave tank. Conditions corresponding to both coast and ocean, with and without bottom return flows respectively, have been simulated. Spectra of currents were found to exhibit a −5/3 slope outside the frequency range of motions induced by dominant waves. For the coastal condition, the Reynolds stress decreases linearly with depth, and the turbulence energy decays with a z−1 trend, where z is the depth. Much of this results from the piling up of water at the downwind coast, with the vertical distribution of momentum significantly affected by return flows and the reverse pressure gradient. For the oceanic condition, the wind-induced drift currents are extended much further downward; a region of constant momentum flux prevails, and a uniform vertical distribution of turbulence energy was found. Below this surface region, the turbulence energy decays with a z−2 trend, possibly implying a dissipative mechanism.
Methylprednisolone injection improved symptoms for 1 year in patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome

(1999) BMJ 319, 884. Dammers JW, Veering MM, Vermeulen M. . Injection with methylprednisolone proximal to the carpal tunnel: randomised double blind trial. . Oct 2; . : . –6 . [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] QUESTION: What is the effectiveness of a methylprednisolone injection in patients with the carpal tunnel syndrome? Randomised (allocation concealed*), blinded (clinician, patient, and outcome assessor),* placebo controlled trial with 1 year follow up. Outpatient neurology clinic in a district general hospital in the Netherlands. Patients >18 years of age (mean age 52 y, 83% women) who had signs and symptoms of the carpal tunnel syndrome for ≥3 months confirmed by electrophysiological tests. Patients who had already been treated for the carpal tunnel syndrome were excluded. Follow up was 100%. Patients were allocated to receive a single injection of methylprednisolone, 40 mg, and lignocaine, 10 mg (intervention … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DDammers%26rft.auinit1%253DJ%2BW%2BH%2BH%26rft.volume%253D319%26rft.issue%253D7214%26rft.spage%253D884%26rft.epage%253D886%26rft.atitle%253DInjection%2Bwith%2Bmethylprednisolone%2Bproximal%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bcarpal%2Btunnel%253A%2Brandomised%2Bdouble%2Bblind%2Btrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10506042%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bmj&resid=319/7214/884&atom=%2Febmed%2F5%2F2%2F52.atom
Interactions of task and subject variables among continuous performance tests.

Background: Contemporary models of working memory suggest that target paradigm (TP) and target density (TD) should interact as influences on error rates derived from continuous performance tests (CPTs). The present study evaluated this hypothesis empirically in a typically developing, ethnically diverse sample of children. The extent to which scores based on different combinations of these task parameters showed different patterns of relationship to age, intelligence, and gender was also assessed. Methods: Four continuous performance tests were derived by combining two target paradigms (AX and repeated letter target stimuli) with two levels of target density (8.3% and 33%). Variations in mean omission (OE) and commission (CE) error rates were examined within and across combinations of TP and TD. In addition, a nested series of structural equation models was utilized to examine patterns of relationship among error rates, age, intelligence, and gender. Results: Target paradigm and target density interacted as influences on error rates. Increasing density resulted in higher OE and CE rates for the AX paradigm. In contrast, the high density condition yielded a decline in OE rates accompanied by a small increase in CEs using the repeated letter CPT. Target paradigms were also distinguishable on the basis of age when using OEs as the performance measure, whereas combinations of age and intelligence distinguished between density levels but not target paradigms using CEs as the dependent measure. Conclusions: Different combinations of target paradigm and target density appear to yield scores that are conceptually and psychometrically distinguishable. Consequently, developmentally appropriate interpretation of error rates across tasks may require (a) careful analysis of working memory and attentional resources required for successful performance, and (b) normative data bases that are differently stratified with respect to combinations of age and intelligence.
Perceptions of menopausal stage and patterns of hormone replacement therapy use

ABSTRACT In 1994, as part of their participation in the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study, 1101 women aged 45–51 years answered questions about their menopausal status and current use...
Serum ceruloplasmin protein expression and activity increases in iron-deficient rats and is further enhanced by higher dietary copper intake

Increases in serum and liver copper content are noted during iron deficiency in mammals, suggesting that copper-dependent processes participate during iron deprivation. One point of intersection between the 2 metals is the liver-derived, multicopper ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp) that is important for iron release from certain tissues. The current study sought to explore Cp expression and activity during physiologic states in which hepatic copper loading occurs (eg, iron deficiency). Weanling rats were fed control or low iron diets containing low, normal, or high copper for ∼ 5 weeks, and parameters of iron homeostasis were measured. Liver copper increased in control and iron-deficient rats fed extra copper. Hepatic Cp mRNA levels did not change; however, serum Cp protein was higher during iron deprivation and with higher copper consumption. In-gel and spectrophotometric ferroxidase and amine oxidase assays demonstrated that Cp activity was enhanced when hepatic copper loading occurred. Interestingly, liver copper levels strongly correlated with Cp protein expression and activity. These observations support the possibility that liver copper loading increases metallation of the Cp protein, leading to increased production of the holo enzyme. Moreover, this phenomenon may play an important role in the compensatory response to maintain iron homeostasis during iron deficiency.
Vector-valued Maass-Poincaré series

Shortly before his death, Ramanujan wrote about his discovery of mock theta functions, functions with interesting analytic properties. Recently, Zweger showed that mock theta functions could be "completed" to satisfy the transformation properties of a weight 1/2 real analytic vector-valued modular form. Using Maass-Poincare series, Bringmann and Ono proved the Andrews-Dragonette conjecture, establishing an exact formula for the coefficients of Ramanujan's mock theta function f(q). In this paper we study vector-valued Maass-Poincare series of all weights, and give their Fourier expansions.
NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES: SPACE PLASMAS AND THE INNER HELIOSHEATH

Recently, empirical kappa distribution, commonly used to describe non-equilibrium systems like space plasmas, has been connected with non-extensive statistical mechanics. Here we show how a consistent definition of the temperature and pressure is developed for stationary states out of thermal equilibrium, so that the familiar ideal gas state equation still holds. In addition to the classical triplet of temperature, pressure, and density, this generalization requires the kappa index as a fourth independent thermodynamic variable that characterizes the non-equilibrium stationary states. All four of these thermodynamic variables have key roles in describing the governing thermodynamical processes and transitions in space plasmas. We introduce a novel characterization of isothermal and isobaric processes that describe a system's transition into different stationary states by varying the kappa index. In addition, we show how the variation of temperature or/and pressure can occur through an 'iso-q' process, in which the system remains in a fixed stationary state (fixed kappa index). These processes have been detected in the proton plasma in the inner heliosheath via specialized data analysis of energetic neutral atom (ENA) observations from Interstellar Boundary Explorer. In particular, we find that the temperature is highly correlated with (1) kappa, asymptotically related to isothermal ({approx}1,000,000 K)more » and iso-q ({kappa} {approx} 1.7) processes; and (2) density, related to an isobaric process, which separates the 'Ribbon', P Almost-Equal-To 3.2 pdyn cm{sup -2}, from the globally distributed ENA flux, P Almost-Equal-To 2 pdyn cm{sup -2}.« less
Amyloidosis and Reiter's Syndrome: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Reiter's syndrome is classically described as the triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis. It has many manifestations and has rarely been reported to occur in association with amyloidosis. Four cases of systemic amyloidosis have previously been reported. This case describes a patient who developed progressive renal amyloidosis after a 17-year history of severe Reiter's syndrome. Immunofluorescent staining of the renal biopsy was strongly positive for AA protein, the type of protein found in secondary amyloidosis. This is the first case in which amyloidosis has been proven to be secondary to Reiter's syndrome and not merely the coincidental occurrence of two rare diseases.
Fabrication and Characterization of Novel High Modulus, Two‐Stage Reactive Thiol‐Acrylate Composite Polymer Systems

Summary High modulus two-stage reactive polymer systems are fabricated and characterized in regards to their thermomechanical properties and behavior. The polymer networks comprise thiol-acrylate formulations in which a polymer matrix is initially formed via an amine catalyzed thiol-Michael addition ‘click’ reaction, eventually followed by photoinitiated, free radical polymerization of the excess acrylic functional groups to result in formation of a highly crosslinked, high modulus polymer material. Composites were formed and evaluated using two distinct polymerizable thiol-acrylate formulations, each with three different filler types. Here, the fillers were used primarily to improve the mechanical performance of the polymer material following the initial Michael addition reaction though improvements were also observed in some materials following the photopolymerization as well. The fillers used were 0.7 µm methacrylated silica particles, translucent Kevlar veil and PET mesh. Thermomechanical analysis showed that the fillers resulted in a significant increase in the modulus in both the polymer networks formed at the end of each of the orthogonal reactions without a significant change in the glass transition temperatures (Tg). The two-stage matrix formed with a hexa-acrylate matrix and 20 volume % silica particles showed a 125% increase in the modulus at the end of the Michael-addition reaction and a 100% increase in the modulus after photopolymerization of the acrylates, when compared with the modulus of the unfilled polymer.
A decentralized controller design for a power plant using robust local controllers and functional mapping

This paper presents a design approach for a decentralized controller for a power plant. An electric power plant nonlinear model is decomposed into three subsystems: boiler, turbine, and generator. The interconnecting variables between the subsystems are treated as constant boundary conditions for the controller design. The local controllers are designed to be robust in order to accommodate fluctuations in the interaction variables once the overall system is considered. The drum pressure set-point is automatically obtained from the power demand through a functional mapping.
Do moorland breeding waders avoid plantation edges

Nine moorland sites adjacent to coniferous plantations were surveyed for breeding birds in Sutherland and Co. Durham. Fewer Golden Plover and Dunlin were seen close to plantations than further away. The total number of wader sightings (i.e. Golden Plover, Dunlin, Redshank, Curlew, Lapwing, Snipe, Greenshank and Common Sandpiper combined) followed the same pattern. For Golden Plover and all waders combined, the effect extended up to 400 m from the forestry edge. For Dunlin the effect extended beyond 400 m from the forest edge. On a subset of 5 sites, there was no evidence for vegetation changes which might account for these patterns. However, this failure to detect changes in the vegetation may be due to the methods used. Comparisons are made with earlier studies, and possible mechanisms are discussed. Changes in bird numbers with distance from the forest edge could be due to the way sites are selected for forestry, or due to 'edge effects'. A study suggesting that map-derived variables, which could have b...
Conformation-driven computing: simulating the context-conformation-action loop

Function follows conformation in biological macromolecules. In general there are a number of possible conformational states. Which state is favored is determined by physiochemical context. The fudion of the features that comprise this context to form a particular conformational state is at the core of cellular control and biological information processing. We have developed a simulation system to investigate the information processing capabilities of networks of context-sensing macromolecules (to be illustrated by a simple example).
Spontaneous Bundle Branch Block in Rhesus Monkeys

Naturally occurring ventricular conduction abnormalities are described in 23 rhesus monkeys and compared with findings in 15 control animals. Electrocardiograms and Frank vectorcardiograms were recorded and ventricular endocardial leads were obtained in four of the animals. Three examples of left bundle branch block and five of right bundle branch block were found. Less marked degrees of abnormal intraventricular conduction are described in 15 others.
AverageExplorer: interactive exploration and alignment of visual data collections

This paper proposes an interactive framework that allows a user to rapidly explore and visualize a large image collection using the medium of average images. Average images have been gaining popularity as means of artistic expression and data visualization, but the creation of compelling examples is a surprisingly laborious and manual process. Our interactive, real-time system provides a way to summarize large amounts of visual data by weighted average(s) of an image collection, with the weights reflecting user-indicated importance. The aim is to capture not just the mean of the distribution, but a set of modes discovered via interactive exploration. We pose this exploration in terms of a user interactively "editing" the average image using various types of strokes, brushes and warps, similar to a normal image editor, with each user interaction providing a new constraint to update the average. New weighted averages can be spawned and edited either individually or jointly. Together, these tools allow the user to simultaneously perform two fundamental operations on visual data: user-guided clustering and user-guided alignment, within the same framework. We show that our system is useful for various computer vision and graphics applications.