cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic theory-based numerical modeling and analysis of bi-disperse segregated mixture fluidized bed

Abstract We discuss a series of continuum Euler-Euler simulations of an initially mixed bi-disperse fluidized bed which segregates under certain operating conditions. The simulations use the multi-phase kinetic theory-based description of the momentum and energy exchanges between the phases by Simonin's Group [see e.g. Gourdel, Simonin and Brunier (1999). Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds, Germany, pp. 205–210]. The discussion and analysis of the results focus on the fluid-particle momentum exchange (i.e. drag). Simulations using mono- and poly-disperse fluid-particle drag correlations are analyzed for the Geldart D-type size bi-disperse gas-solid experiments performed by Goldschmidt et al. [Powder Tech., pp. 135–159 (2003)]. The poly-disperse gas-particle drag correlations account for the local particle size distribution by using an effective mixture diameter when calculating the Reynolds number and then correcting the resulting force coefficient. Simulation results show very good predictions of the segregation index for bi-disperse beds with the mono-disperse drag correlations contrary to the poly-disperse drag correlations for which the segregation rate is systematically under-predicted. The statistical analysis of the results shows a clear separation in the distribution of the gas-particle mean relaxation times of the small and large particles with simulations using the mono-disperse drag. In contrast, the poly-disperse drag simulations have a significant overlap and also a smaller difference in the mean particle relaxation times. This results in the small and large particles in the bed to respond to the gas similarly without enough relative time lag. The results suggest that the difference in the particle response time induce flow dynamics favorable to a force imbalance which results in the segregation.
Teaching Idiomatic Expressions and Phrases: Insights and Techniques

Currently, a relatively large number of spoken and written conventionalized expressions have been collected, catalogued, and systematized. In language pedagogy, a clear implication is that teaching grammar and vocabulary is likely to be more complicated than working with syntactic rules and single-word items. Old and new insights associated with the sheer ubiquity of idiomatic constructions can present both challenges and opportunities, but it seems vital for teachers to be aware of and become familiar with these language units. This paper takes a look at a few historical perspectives and classifications of idiomatic phrases and expressions in English, as well as their uses in conversations, speaking, writing, and teaching. To extend this discussion, a few teaching activities and ideas can be further designed for learning and using idiomatic phrases in the classroom and beyond it. Because practically all idiomatic and conventionalized phrases are language and culture-specific, their instructional applications can contribute to learners’ strategic fluency development. In general terms, teaching idiomatic language components can lead to improvements in learners’ receptive and productive skills in various contexts.
Morphologies and electrical properties of multiple CuO nanowire-based device controlled by electroplating and thermal oxidation process

Metal oxide nanowire-based devices have been widely studied for chemical sensors. Based on the knowledge of the work functions of copper oxide nanowires and metal electrodes, the electrical junction properties such as Schottky barrier height could be modulated by changing the electrode material or decorating the nanowires with another material. Especially for the nanowire decoration process, nanoparticle sputtering or wet chemical synthesis has been used as a post processing method, which is complex and costly. These drawbacks have greatly limited the actual applications of the nanowire-based devices. In this work, a facile one-step thermal oxidation of electroplated interdigitated Cu patterns is proposed for multiple copper oxide nanowire-based device fabrication and a modulation mechanism based on adjusting nanowire density and total area of CuO/Cu–Au interface is discussed. The initial thickness of Cu and the electrode configuration play a deterministic role in the final CuO nanowire morphologies and their junction properties, which is a new finding.
Space Technology — Today’s Challenge to Science

We are living in the Space Age. Man’s eternal desire to unravel the unknown provides the stimulus for the conquest of the universe. Early explorers of our planet have exposed themselves to untold hardships and dangers, but never before has such an “impersonally hostile” environment as that of space been challenged (Dreher, 1963).
Analysis of the promoter region of the CHO APRT gene

APRT (adenosine phosphoribosyltransferase) catalyzes the condensation of adenine with PRPP to form adenosine monophosphate and pyrophosphate. The enzyme is constitutively expressed in all tissues examined. The CHO APRT gene does not have a TATA or CAAT box in its 5′ region; like most housekeeping genes the 5′ region is GC-rich and contains three consensus Spl-binding sequences. A deletion of upstream region of nucleotide −89 (relative to the transcription initiation sites) does not affect gene expression, while an additional 29 base pair deletion decreases expression by two-fold. To further study the cis-acting elements essential for gene expression we constructed mutations in the 5′ region by linker-scanning techniques. We report here that (i) mutants with linker-scanning mutations between the nucleotides −33 and +22 retained 40% activity of the wild type gene; (ii) mutations in the region from nucleotides −100 to −88, and from −48 to −39 resulted in two-fold increased expression; and (iii) mutations at the transcription start sites did not affect gene expression.
Chapter 10 – Stamping: Total Relative Part Cost

This chapter explains the methods for evaluating the relative processing cost and the overall relative part cost for stamped parts made on progressive dies. Progressive dies are used for parts unfolded length, Lug, is less than 100mm. The total cost of a stamped part is calculated as tooling cost per part (KJN) plus processing cost (K∼) plus material cost (Km). The chapter also describes the stages of costing like the configuration stage in which the final dimensions and tolerances of the part are not yet established; only tooling cost can be estimated. In this stage, it may be possible to obtain only a lower boundary on the tooling cost. In the parametric design stage, the final dimensions and tolerances are known. The relative processing cost, the relative material cost, and overall relative part cost can be obtained. The chapter concludes by showing that the processing cost of a stamped part represents a very small percentage of the overall part cost as a result of the high–speed presses that are used and that result in very short cycle times. At very high-production volumes, material costs dominate and part design and strip layout design become vital to reduce material consumption. Examples are provided for determining the relative processing cost for the part.
can we just drop the copay

Physicians can work with their patients to explore less expensive alternatives for delivering health care if physicians welcome the topic of cost during the clinical encounter. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Impact of tuberculosis and long term benefits of anti-retroviral treatment in patients with HIV in Sri Lanka

Introduction Although prevalence of HIV infection in Sri Lanka is low, there is a gradual increase in incidence. Effective anti-retroviral treatment (ART) controls the virus, improves immunity and reduces transmission of HIV greatly. Objective We studied the impact of tuberculosis and response to ART in a cohort of patients with HIV in Sri Lanka. Methodology A retrospective study of all patients with HIV followed up at the ART clinic at National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Angoda, Sri Lanka was carried out. Their socio-demographic data, clinical presentations, anti-retroviral treatment and clinical, immunological and virological response were analysed. Results Study included 72 patients. Mean age was 47.19 (SD-10.354) years. Male to female ratio was 1:0.8. Forty nine (68%) patients were diagnosed with HIV after presenting with an opportunistic infection. Of these, 25 had tuberculosis (TB). Another 5 developed TB later. Fifty two (72.2%) had CD4 cell counts Conclusion TB is a common co-infection in patients with HIV in Sri Lanka. Though many patients with HIV presented with poor immunological and physical status, ART markedly improved these outcomes and reduced the viral load which results in prevention of spread of HIV. Therefore, ART should be supported and encouraged
The Grass Beneath: Conservation, Agro-Industrialization, and Land–Water Enclosures in Postcolonial Tanzania

This article examines a long-standing conflict over resource control between a rural village, a national park, and an agro-industrial investment project in Bagamoyo District, Coast Region of Tanzan...
Linking knowledge to action in ocean ecosystem management: The Ocean Modeling Forum

The sustainable use of global marine resources depends upon science-based decision processes and systems. Informing decisions with science is challenging for many reasons, including the nature of science and science-based institutions. The complexity of ecosystem-based management often requires the use of models, and model-based advice can be especially difficult to convert into policies or decisions. Here, we suggest five characteristics of model-based information and advice for successfully informing ocean management decision-making, based on the Ocean Modeling Forum framework. Illustrated by examples from two fisheries case studies, Pacific sardines Sardinops sagax and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, we argue that actionable model-based output should be aspirational, applicable, parsimonious, co-produced, and amplifying.
Island Biogeography Revisited

Abstract For centuries, naturalists have been intrigued by islands. Patterns in island biodiversity are the basis for fundamental theories in ecology such as island biogeography theory (IBT). Under this theory, the biodiversity of islands is a function of three processes: immigration, evolution and extinction. Immigration from source pools and subsequent evolution adds biodiversity to islands. Evolution allows immigrants to adapt to island habitats and evolve into new species. In contrast, extinction subtracts species. In a natural context, these three processes are a function of island area and isolation. Larger islands have more immigration, more evolution, and less extinction and thus more biodiversity than smaller islands. Isolated islands have more evolution, but less immigration and higher extinction resulting in lower biodiversity than proximate islands. Understanding how geography influences these three processes is the focus of IBT. Here, we review the history of island biogeographic study, discuss main themes of IBT, and place IBT in the context of the Anthropocene where humans are greatly impacting island immigration, evolution and extinction.
Post-disaster trust in Japan: the social impact of the experiences and perceived risks of natural hazards

The purpose of this study is to examine the social impact of natural hazards in Japanese society. Using the Japanese General Social Survey, this study examines how citizens’ previous experiences an...
THE MYSTERIOUS MITRAL VALVE MASS: A CASE OF VALVULAR MYXOMA

Myxomas are the most common benign cardiac tumors with typical location being the inter-atrial septum in the left atrium. However, their occurrence on the mitral valve is extremely rare with only about 55 cases reported in the literature. Mitral valve myxoma can be easily confused with other masses
Self-perception of physical function contributes to participation in cognitively- and physically-demanding activities after stroke

Background: Persons with and without aphasia experience decreased participation in meaningful activities post-stroke that result in reduced autonomy and poorer quality of life. Physical, cognitive, and/or communication deficits are prevalent post-stroke and many activities given up are purported to require high levels of communicative, cognitive, or physical skill. However, the relationship between deficits after stroke and participation in life activities that appear to require high skill levels in these three areas has not been investigated fully. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine differences in reported participation in communicatively-, cognitively-, or physically-demanding activities in persons after stroke with and without aphasia living in the community, and to (2) investigate whether performance on commonly used self-perception assessments of these three areas predicts reported participation in activities requiring higher levels of skill in these domains. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 82 individuals at least 6 months post-stroke with (N = 34) and without aphasia (N = 48) were administered a battery of neuropsychological and participation-based assessments. Supported communication techniques maximized inclusion of individuals with aphasia. A series of regression analyses investigated the relationship between self-perceived communicative, cognitive, and physical functioning and reported participation in activities post-stroke that required high amounts of skilled function in these areas. Results: People with and without aphasia did not differ in terms of the percentage retained in communicatively-, cognitively-, or physically-demanding activities. All individuals retained higher levels of participation in communicatively- and cognitively-demanding activities (at least 60% retained), compared to participation inphysically-demanding activities (about 50% retained). The strongest predictor for retaining participation in two of the three domains of activities was self-perception of physical function, though much of the variance remained unexplained. Self-perception of communication was not related to participation retention in any of the three domains. Significance of Impact: Rehabilitation professionals should be aware of the impact that a variety of communicative, cognitive, and physical factors may have on participation post-stroke. Self-perceptions of impairments in communication and cognition may not directly predict participation in activities requiring high levels of communicative and/or cognitive skill, at least for those with mild impairment, even though activities requiring those skills are given up or done less after stroke.
Revolutionary Perspectives for Leadership Preparation: A Case of a Networked Improvement Community:

This qualitative study describes and interprets how two educational leadership programs, participants in the UCEA (University Council for Educational Administration) Program Design Network Improvem...
Oral Treatment With Ileal Spores Triggers Immunometabolic Shifts in Chicken Gut

The animal gut is a major site affecting productivity via its role in mediating functions like food conversion and pathogen colonization. Live microorganisms like probiotics are widely used to improve poultry productivity. However, given that chicks receive their microbiota from the environment at-hatch, a bacterial treatment that can stimulate gut immune maturation in early life can benefit animal health. Thus, our lab has begun investigating alternative means to improve poultry health via single inoculation with microbial spores. In this study, we orally-inoculated day-old chicks with ileal scrapings (ISs) enriched for spores via chloroform treatment (SPORE) or non-treated (CON). At 3, 7, and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi), gut permeability was measured via FITC-dextran assay in serum. Additionally, small intestinal scrapings (SISs) were tested for in vitro Salmonella killing and total IgA. Lastly, distal ileum was either fixed or flash-frozen for microscopy or kinome peptide array, respectively. Using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, SPORE and CON inocula were highly-similar in bacterial composition. However, spores were detected in SPORE but not in CON inoculum. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) filaments were observed in the distal ileum in SPORE birds as early as 3 dpi and all birds at 7 and 14 dpi. Additionally, SFB were detected via PCR in the ceca, colonizing all SPORE birds at 3 dpi. At 3 dpi, SPORE birds exhibited lower gut permeability vs. CON. In SPORE birds, SISs induced greater Salmonella growth in vitro at 3 dpi yet significantly-reduced Salmonella load at 7 and 14 dpi compared to CON in an IgA-independent manner. SPORE distal ileal tissue exhibited unique upregulation of several immunometabolic processes vs. CON birds, including innate (Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT) and adaptive (T/B cell receptor, TH17 differentiation) immune pathways, PI3K/Akt signaling, mTOR signaling, and insulin-related pathways. Collectively, these data suggest oral inoculation with ileal spores generally-improved gut health. Importance: We report that ileal, spore-forming commensal microbes have potent effects on ileum immunometabolism. Additionally, we identify a functional ileal phenotype in spore-treated chickens, which matched several of the observed immunometabolic changes and was associated with SFB colonization in the ileum.
Randomization to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Endothelial Function in COPD: The COD-Fish Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rationale Studies suggest a pathogenic role of endothelial dysfunction in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation improves endothelial function in other diseases but has not been examined in COPD. Objective We hypothesized that n-3 PUFA supplementation would improve systemic endothelial function in COPD. We performed a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 superiority trial (NCT00835289). Methods Adults with moderate and severe stable COPD (79% with emphysema on computed tomography [CT]) were randomized to high-dose fish oil capsules or placebo daily for 6 months. The primary endpoint was percentage change in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) from baseline to 6 months. Secondary endpoints included peripheral arterial tonometry, endothelial microparticles (EMPs), 6-minute walk distance, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary function. Results Thirty-three of 40 randomized participants completed all measurements. Change in FMD after 6 months did not differ between the fish oil and placebo arms (-1.1%, 95% CI -5.0-2.9, p=0.59). CD31+ EMPs increased in the fish oil arm (0.9%, 95% CI 0.1-1.7, p=0.04). More participants in the fish oil arm reported at least a 4-point improvement in the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) compared to placebo (8 versus 1; p=0.01). There were no significant changes in other secondary endpoints. There were 4 serious adverse events determined to be unrelated to the study (3 in the fish oil arm and 1 in the placebo arm). Conclusion Randomization to n-3 PUFAs for 6 months did not change systemic endothelial function in COPD. Changes in EMPs and SGRQ suggest n-3 PUFAs might have biologic and clinical effects that warrant further investigation.
Sharing Community Created Content in Support of Social Justice: The Dakota Access Pipeline LibGuide

INTRODUCTION Using a known platform to share content which is often overlooked by scholarly communication networks, The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) LibGuide from the University of New Mexico Libraries facilitates access to Native American perspectives on the #NODAPL movement through inclusion of social media content and primary source materials. This LibGuide highlights Native American voices and stories, content that is difficult for people outside Native American communities to find and shares a different view of the protest movement absent from most mainstream media coverage. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT Rather than a comprehensive listing, a majority of the guide content comes from Native American media outlets and Native American social media accounts by individuals and groups instead of library resources behind paywalls. Non-Native mainstream and alternative media sources are listed if authored by a Native American or if much of the source features a named individual using first-hand accounts. The DAPL LibGuide is the most viewed guide at UNM and was replicated at a small number of other academic libraries. NEXT STEPS Libraries can support the democratic process by highlighting similar types of community created content shared outside of scholarly communication networks, giving space to voices regularly unheard. The DAPL guide may be considered, along with similar social justice and topical guides as the beginnings of a new model which reimagines the possibilities of the LibGuide resource.
Measuring subjective alcohol effects in daily life using contemporary young adult language.

Young adults' subjective feelings of alcohol's effects are a key predictor of engagement in risky behavior such as deciding whether to drive after drinking. To best inform prevention messaging and tailor intervention techniques that target high-risk drinking, it is critical that our measurement best captures subjective feelings. Standard sliding scales (0-100 rating of, "how drunk do you feel?") may have some challenges with distinguishing between levels of subjective responses to alcohol. The current daily diary study compared the utility of the standard sliding scale to a newly developed sliding scale that uses contemporary, crowd-sourced language from young adults as evenly spaced anchors (slightly buzzed, tipsy/"happy," drunk, and wasted) along a continuum of subjective effects of alcohol. Participants were 154 young adult substance users (58% women) who completed up to 14 consecutive daily reports of their substance use behavior. The four-anchored sliding scale performed similarly well as the standard scale in predicting alcohol use outcomes while showing the advantages of recording higher mean values/standard deviations and demonstrating that participants used the anchors to denote varying degrees of subjective effects. Findings suggest that the four-anchored subjective alcohol effects sliding scale is a viable alternative to the standard scale. By providing evenly spaced anchors that reflect incremental differences in language young adults use to describe their subjective states, the proposed scale may provide a guide for participants to indicate how they feel after drinking and may better capture variability in alcohol's effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Factors Influencing Family Forest Owners' Interest in Community-led Collective Invasive Plant Management

Effective invasive plant management requires collective action. However, little is known about what motivates individuals to work collectively. We conducted a mail survey of 2,600 randomly selected family forest owners in Indiana, USA to examine factors associated with community-led collective action. Specifically, we examined the role of perceived self-efficacy, perceived collective efficacy, concerns about invasive plants, and social norms associated with invasive plant management in shaping family forest owners’ self-reported likelihood to work with their neighbors to remove invasive plants. We found that past experience talking to others or working with neighbors to remove invasive plants were important predictors of landowners’ intention to work collectively, as were perceived self-efficacy in their own ability to manage invasive plants, perceived need for collective action, social norms, and concerns about invasive plants on neighboring or nearby properties. However, most socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, education level, income) and land ownership characteristics (e.g., residence status, having a written forest management plan) were not statisically significant predictors of family forest owners’ likelihood to work with their neighbors. Our findings suggest that building individual sense of competence, facilitating neighbor interactions, and strengthening shared concerns may facilitate community-led collective action to manage invasive plants.
Does Government Spending Cause Investment?: A Panel Data Analysis

Government spending has increased recently in almost all countries to ease the severely negative economic impacts of the current health crisis. Similar expansionary fiscal and monetary policies were observed during other economic downturns too. The effectiveness of expansionary policies, especially in terms of their effects on investment, has been discussed widely. Thanks to the possible multiplier effect of higher government expenditures, it is expected that government spending would generate a higher amount of income and therefore consumption in economies. At some point, this higher government spending with glowing economic activities is expected to increase private investment—an important item to promote job creations and improvements in production. Although one of the direct or indirect expected outcome of higher government spending is larger investment, many empirical studies in the literature cannot observe this positive expected effect of government spending on investment. As a result, even the necessity of increased government expenditures during economic crisis has been questioned. In this paper, the causal and correlation relationship between government spending and investment is investigated in a panel data setting to better evaluate the importance of higher government spending during economic downturns. The findings show that country classifications based on income, time periods covered in the analysis, measures of government spending and investment, and the time lag of government policies can make a difference. There are cases where government spending highly significantly causes private investment, and high correlations between two variables are observed. Therefore, accurate evaluations of the impacts of government spending on investment may require detailed data analysis.
Elementary Art School of Folk Dance and Music in the Context of Regional Culture-Oriented Schools in Slovakia

In the study, we present the basic goals, content, strategies and organisational forms of education of the Elementary Art School of Folk Dance and Music in Ružomberok. The basic information about the school is supplemented with the ideas of its founder and the school principal, as well as the photo documentation of this school environment. We analyse this school model in the broader context of elementary regional culture-oriented schools, which began to develop in Slovakia after 1989. In connection with the school reform in 2008, the educational content of such schools was transformed and defined in the State Education Programme in the subject of Regional Education and cross-cutting topic Regional Education and Folk Culture. In addition to other alternative and innovative educational programmes in Slovakia, the regional culture-oriented school represents a domestic model of education, which is based on the historical and cultural peculiarities of individual regions of Slovakia. Despite the uniform name, each school with this orientation can have a unique character expressed in its school curriculum.
Intensity of end-of-life care for dual-eligible beneficiaries with cancer and the impact of delivery system affiliation.

BACKGROUND Dual-eligible beneficiaries, who qualify for Medicare and Medicaid, are a vulnerable population with much to gain from efforts to improve quality. Integrated delivery networks and cancer centers, with their emphasis on care coordination and communication, may improve quality of care for dual-eligible patients with cancer at the end of life. METHODS This study used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data linked with Medicare claims to evaluate quality for beneficiaries who died of cancer and were diagnosed from 2009 to 2014. High-intensity care was evaluated with 7 end-of-life quality measures according to dual-eligible status with multivariable logistic regression models. Regression-based techniques were used to assess the effect of delivery system affiliation (ie, cancer center or integrated delivery network vs no affiliation). RESULTS Among 100,549 beneficiaries who died during the study interval, 22% were dually eligible. Inferior outcomes were identified for dual-eligible beneficiaries in comparison with nondual beneficiaries across nearly every quality measure assessed, including >1 hospitalization in the last 30 days (12.6% vs 11.3%; P < .001) and a greater proportion of deaths occurring in a hospital setting (30.2% vs 26.2%; P < .001). Receipt of care in an affiliated delivery system was associated with reduced deaths in a hospital setting and increased hospice utilization for dual-eligible beneficiaries. CONCLUSIONS Dual-eligible status is associated with higher intensity care at the end of life. Delivery system affiliation has a modest impact on quality at the end of life, and this suggests that targeted efforts may be needed to optimize quality for this group of vulnerable patients.
HCBS Service Spending and Nursing Home Placement for Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: Does Race Matter?

Objectives: We examined the extent to which home and community-based services (HCBS) spending affected the likelihood of nursing home (NH) placement among black and white HCBS users with Alzheimer’...
Bad bugs: Antibiotic-resistant bacteriuria in pregnancy and risk of pyelonephritis.

Abstract Background: The introduction of antibiotics has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality from microbial infections, but the rise of antibiotic-resistant and multi-drug-resistant microbes is of increasing clinical concern. Few studies have examined the prevalence of and impact from antibiotic resistance in common antenatal infections. Objective: Determine whether pregnant women with a urine culture positive for antibiotic-resistant (AR) or multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria are at increased risk for developing pyelonephritis compared to pregnant women infected with antibiotic-susceptible (AS) organisms. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) or acute cystitis (AC) from a single health system from July 2013-May 2019. Women with gram-negative AR (resistance to 1-2 antibiotic classes) and MDR (resistance to ≥3 antibiotic classes) lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) were compared to women with AS UTIs in terms of demographic, infectious, antepartum and intrapartum data. The primary outcome was pyelonephritis, defined as a billing code for pyelonephritis plus fever or flank pain. Secondary outcomes were length of stay for pyelonephritis admission (LOS), a composite of pyelonephritis complications (renal abscess, sepsis, and ICU admission), and preterm delivery. Differences in the primary outcome were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: 573 women were eligible for inclusion. 334 (58%) grew gram-negative bacteria on urine culture. Of these, 173 (52%) were AS, 74 (22%) were AR, and 87 (26%) were MDR. Women with AR and MDR infections were more likely to have hypertension (p=0.004), to be Black (p=0.03), to have public insurance (p=0.002), and to experience more urinary infections (p=0.001). Pyelonephritis was more common in women with AR (aOR 2.27, 95% CI 1.08-4.78) and MDR (aOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.57-5.96) infections compared to women with AS UTIs. LOS, preterm delivery, and pyelonephritis complications did not differ between AS and AR/MDR infections. Conclusions: In an age of increasing antibiotic resistance, over one-half of pregnant women with bacteriuria experience at least one infection with an antibiotic-resistant organism. These resistance patterns have real clinical impact as pregnant women with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative lower urinary tract infections have an estimated 2-3-fold increased odds of developing pyelonephritis.
Vibration control of rotor system by ultrasonic excited limiter

We propose a novel method with an ultrasonically excited structure as a vibration limiter to control the vibration of rotor systems. The friction between the rotor and the limiter is significantly reduced by ultrasonic lubrication, thereby preventing the occurrence of rubbing-induced thermal bowing, which is commonly observed in traditional vibration limiters. In our study, the friction reduction mechanism of the ultrasonically excited vibration limiter was first examined based on tribology theory and Hertz contact theory. The vibration control effects and the alleviation of thermal bowing were then investigated by numerical simulation. Finally, vibration control experiments were performed on a Bentley test rig with the ultrasonically excited vibration limiter. The consistency between theoretical and experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Catalytic Chemistry of Cytochrome P450 and Peroxidases

Iron protoporphyrin IX and other iron porphyrins have been shown in model studies to catalyze the full range of reactions supported by hemoproteins, albeit with little selectivity.1 The basic catalytic chemistry of hemoproteins is thus intrinsic to the iron porphyrin moiety. A key function of the protein in hemoproteins is therefore to channel the chemistry of the heme group into a single productive mode, either by accelerating one of the possible reactions or by suppressing the alternatives. This reaction control is mediated by the nature of the fifth iron ligand, by specific interactions of the heme group or its axial ligands with active site residues, by the protein active site architecture, and by the ability of the protein to interact with other redox proteins.
Adaptive multilingual sentence boundary disambiguation

The sentence is a standard textual unit in natual language processing applications. In many language the punctuation mark that indicates the end-of-sentence boundary is ambiguous; thus the tokenizers of most NLP systems must be equipped with special sentence boundary recognition rules for every new text collection.As an alternative, this article presents an efficient, trainable system for sentence boundary disambiguation. The system, called Satz, makes simple estimates of the parts of speech of the tokens immediately preceding and following each punctuation mark, and uses these estimates as input to a machine learning algorithm that then classifies the punctuation mark. Satz is very fast both in training and sentence analysis, and its combined robustness and accuracy surpass existing techniques. The system needs only a small lexicon and training corpus, and has been shown to transfer quickly and easily from English to other languages, as demonstrated on Franch and German.
Role of Vesicle‐Inducing Protein in Plastids 1 in cpTat transport at the thylakoid

VIPP1 has been shown to be required for the proper formation of thylakoid membranes. However, studies on VIPP1 itself, as well as on PspA, its bacterial homolog, suggests that this protein may be involved in a number of additional functions, including protein translocation. The role of VIPP1 in protein translocation in the chloroplast has not been investigated. To this end, we conducted in vitro thylakoid protein transport assays to look at the effect of VIPP1 on the cpTat pathway, which is one of three translocation pathways found in both the chloroplast and its bacterial progenitor. We found that VIPP1 does indeed enhance protein transport through the cpTat pathway by up to 100%. The VIPP1 effect on cpTat activity occurs without interacting with the substrates or components of the translocon, and does not alter the energy potentials driving this translocation pathway. Instead, VIPP1 greatly enhances the amount of substrate bound productively to the thylakoids. Moreover, the presence of increasing VIPP1 concentrations in the reactions resulted in greater interactions between thylakoid membranes. Taken together, these results demonstrate a stimulatory role for VIPP1 in cpTat transport by enhancement of substrate binding, probably to the membrane lipid regions of the thylakoid. We propose a model in which VIPP1 facilitates reorganization of the thylakoid structure to increase substrate access to productive binding regions of the membrane as an early step in the cpTat pathway.
Measurement of Flow and Viscoelastic Properties

Techniques for measuring rheological properties of polymeric materials have been well described previously by others (e.g., Whorlow, 1980; Macosko, 1994). The text by (1963) is still a valuable reference that explains in detail many facets of earlier attempts to measure rheological properties of polymeric materials as well as basic equations of viscometric flows. The unique nature of fluid foods prompted this author to review both the rheological properties of fluid foods and their measurement about 30 years ago (Rao, 1977a, 1977b). Subsequent efforts on rheology of foods include those of (1992, 2005) and (1996).
Large-Strain Time-Temperature Equivalence and Adiabatic Heating of Polyethylene

Time-temperature equivalence is a well-known phenomenon in time-dependent material response, where rapid events at a moderate temperature are indistinguishable from some occurring at modest rates but elevated temperatures. However, there is as-yet little elucidation of how well this equivalence holds for substantial plastic strains. In this work, we demonstrate time-temperature equivalence over a large range in a previously studied high-density polyethylene formulation (HDPE). At strain-rates exceeding 0.1/s, adiabatic heating confounds the comparison of nominally isothermal material response, apparently violating time-temperature equivalence. Strain-rate jumps can be employed to access the instantaneous true strain rate without heating. Adiabatic heating effects were isolated by comparing a locus of isothermal instantaneous flow stress measurements from strain-rate jumps up to 1/s with the predicted equivalent states at 0.01/s and 0.001/s in compression. Excellent agreement between the isothermal jump condition locus and the quasi-static tests was observed up to 50% strain, yielding one effective isothermal plastic response for each material for a given time-temperature equivalent state. These results imply that time-temperature equivalence can be effectively used to predict the deformation response of polymers during extreme mechanical events (large strain and high strain-rate) from measurements taken at reduced temperatures and nominal strain-rates in the laboratory.
Measuring Detection and Localization Performance

This paper proposes a simple, but general, model for describing an observer's ability to find and report target objects in grayscale image backgrounds, which provides a basis for measuring the observer's combined detection- and-localization performance in various image-interpretation tasks. The model assumes that: 1) the observer's image detection response and first-choice of target location both depend on the “maximally suspicious” finding on the image, 2) a correct (first-choice) localization of the actual target occurs if and only if its location was regarded as the most suspicious and 3) a target's presence does not alter the suspicion engendered by any other (normal) image findings. Formalization of these assumptions relates the ROC curve, which measures the observer's ability to discriminate between target and nontarget images, to the “Localization Response” (LROC) curve, which measures the conjoint ability to detect and correctly localize the actual targets in the images. A two-parameter “binormal” version of this model provides the basis for an iterative, maximum-likelihood procedure that concurrently fits both the ROC and LROC curves, using an observer's image-ratings and target-localizations for a set of image interpretations. That same model can be extended to multiple-report (“free-response”) interpretations and to multiple-target images, provided that the observer's detection capability and criterion for reporting possible targets both remain invariant across images and across successive reports on a given image. That extension of the model leads to formulations for the so-called “Free-Response” (FROC) curve, and for a recently proposed “Alternative FROC” (AFROC) curve.
Origin of Anomalous $C_{\mathrm {OSS}}$ Hysteresis in Resonant Converters With Superjunction FETs

Output capacitance ( $C_{{\mathrm {OSS}}}$ ) hysteresis has recently been discovered as a new source of power loss in resonant converters with advanced superjunction (SJ) FETs. This brief unveils the physical mechanism responsible for $C_{{\mathrm {OSS}}}$ hysteresis by means of mixed-mode simulations. A new physical effect, based on stranded charges, is observed in the SJ-FETs processed by multi-implant multiepitaxy with small cell pitch. The alternative trench-filling epitaxial growth is a process suitable to address the resonant converters due to its inherent immunity to the $C_{{\mathrm {OSS}}}$ hysteresis.
Experimental psychology: In a blink of the mind's eye

We often use the term ‘attention’ colloquially, as in to “pay attention”. But attention need not necessarily be a singular entity - while reading this page you could attend to another visual stimulus without moving your eyes. Two new papers have studied one facet of attention, known as ‘attentional blink’, whereby you cannot attend to two stimuli if they occur within a certain time of each other. They show that attentional blink makes it impossible to perform some easy visual tasks that were thought not to require attention.
ADAM17 Activity and Other Mechanisms of Soluble L-selectin Production during Death Receptor-Induced Leukocyte Apoptosis

L-selectin is an adhesion molecule expressed by neutrophils that broadly directs their infiltration in to sites of inflammation. It is also present at relatively high levels in the serum of normal individuals. It is well established that L-selectin is efficiently shed from the surface of neutrophils upon their activation, a process that regulates its density and binding activity. Neutrophil programmed cell death is critical for the resolution of inflammation, and L-selectin downregulation is induced during this process as well. The mechanisms underpinning this latter process are much less understood, and were investigated in this study. Using a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)-17 radiation chimeric mice, we demonstrate for the first time that during early events of death receptor-mediated neutrophil apoptosis, L-selectin downregulation occurs primarily by ADAM17-mediated shedding. This was observed as well upon using shRNA to knock down ADAM17 expression in Jurkat cells, a well-studied cell line in terms of the molecular processes involved in the induction of apoptosis. These findings directly reveal that ADAM17 activity occurs during programmed cell death. Hence, the cleavage of particular ADAM17 substrates may be an additional component of the anti-inflammatory program initiated by apoptotic neutrophils. Of interest was that during later stages of induced leukocyte apoptosis, soluble L-selectin production occurred independent of ADAM17, as well as membrane events, such as blebbing and microparticle production. This process may provide an explanation for the lack of diminished serum L-selectin levels in ADAM17-null mice, and suggests a mechanism for the homeostatic maintenance of soluble L-selectin levels in the blood of healthy individuals.
The spin Hamiltonian for completely anisotropicg-factor and hyperfine coupling tensors

The nature of the approximations underlying the standard methods of interpreting anisotropic electron spin resonance spectra of single crystals are explicated. Equations are derived for an unpaired electron interacting with a spin-1/2 nucleus when both the electronicg-factor and the hyperfine interactionT are anisotropic.
A review of "The Comparative Guide to WordPress in Libraries"

WordPress has been used for many years as a blogging tool, and it has grown in recent years to become a complete content management system. As such, it is a valuable tool for libraries seeking to c...
Partial orders on \(C = D + Di\) and \(H = D + Di + Dj + Dk\)

Let \(D\) be a totally ordered integral domain. We study partial orders on the rings \(C = D + Di\) and \(H = D + Di + Dj + Dk\), where \(i^{2} = j^{2} = k^{2} = -1\).
Providing the Scientific Backbone for Positive Psychology: A Multi-Level Conception of Human Thriving

This article begins with a consideration of what is missing in positive psychology – namely, an integrative framework within which to view the entire person, especially as nested within more-or-less supportive social contexts and cultures. Thus, I presented a multi-level hierarchical framework for considering and explaining human behavior, arguing that all levels of the framework are necessary for complete exposition. From this point of view, personality processes cannot be reduced to "mere" cognitive processes; there are trans-cognitive rules and laws operating at this higher level. I also considered a four-level subframework within the personality level of analysis, consisting of organismic needs/characteristics, traits/dispositions, goals/intentions, and self/self-narratives. I contended that each of these spheres of the person operates via unique rules and regularities, processes that cannot be reduced to lower levels of analysis (such as biological, neurological, and cognitive levels of analysis). Finally, I described some recent research that simultaneously examines factors at multiple levels of the SLOPIC model, showing that each has influence for predicting SWB, and moreover, that all of these effects are mediated by basic need-satisfaction. Hopefully this line of research will prove useful for other positive psychologists seeking "the big picture" on human flourishing.
Influence of tip size on AFM roughness measurements

Abstract The influence of tip size on surface roughness measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) was evaluated experimentally. Images of quartz over a lateral scan range of 125–5000 nm were measured by AFM utilizing tips of different sizes. Tip size was quantified by transmission electron microscopy before and after AFM imaging. Only tips whose size remained relatively constant during imaging were used in this study. Two different trends were observed for measured surface roughness as a function of tip size. At small lateral scan sizes (≤500 nm), the image root mean square roughness decreased as tip size increased. However, at larger scan sizes (e.g. 5000 nm), the roughness increased with increasing tip size. A simple two-dimensional model was developed to explain both trends.
A Numerical Model to Simulate the Processing of Electrical Distribution Cables - Part 11 (Curing Rates)

A numerical model is developed to simulate the curing and quenching of electrical stridistribution cables. The model considers a moving cable with possible three-dimensional variations ions in properties and boundary conditions. An exponential decomposition of the crosslinking agent is assumed; decomposition is then expanded in a Taylor's series to provide a means of continuously updating the progress of cross-linking. The variables of curing are analyzed by examining both a laboratory scale and a full-size facility. With the larger cables, cross-linking may continue well into the quenching stage. Hydrogen abstraction from absorbed water molecules, a potential competing reaction, apparently is insignificant.
A procedure for a modified cylindric titanium abutment.

Abstract In the restoration of a single anterior edentulous space with a dental implant, there are three transmucosal elements that could be used within the Nobel Biocare system: the CeraOne abutment, the Estheticone abutment with a nonrotating gold cylinder, and the CerAdapt abutment. This article describes a procedure to modify the CeraOne cylindric titanium abutment with titanium ceramics to achieve an anatomically shaped transmucosal element that does not show evidence of the metal through thin gingival tissue. (J Prosthet Dent 1997;77:546-9.)