cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Handle with Care: The Psychoanalysis of a Touchy Case

This is a case of the long-term psychoanalytic treatment of a 59-year-old, gay man. The patient initially presented with anxiety symptoms related to caring for a depressed, disabled long-term partner. Throughout the treatment, the patient carried feelings of entitlement and perfectionism that made straightforward interpretations difficult. An important theme of the treatment was the patient's coming to terms with the limits of his ability to control his partner's moods, and both of them accepting the disabling nature of the partner's depression. The treatment also focused on the patient's feelings of shame, self-esteem, and entitlement. As he worked through those feelings, the patient developed an increased capacity to appropriately assert himself in his relationship, in his work, and in the treatment relationship.
New device for controlling asymmetric flowfields on forebodies at large alpha

An exploratory experimental investigation of a new device to control the asymmetric flowfield on forebodies at large angles of attack has been conducted. The device is a rotatable forebody tip, which varies in cross section from circular at its base to elliptic at its tip. The device itself extends over a small portion of the aircraft or missile forebody. The device provides two important improvements. First, it replaces the normally random behavior of the nose side force as a function of nose tip orientation with a predictable and generally sinusoidal distribution; second, the device shows promise for use as part of a vehicle control system to be deflected in a prescribed manner to provide additional directional control for the vehicle. The device was tested on a cone/cylinder model having a 10-deg semiapex angle and on a 3.0-caliber tangent ogive model. Data were taken with each model at a Reynolds number of 8.4 x 10 4 based on cylinder diameter and by a helium-bubble flow visualization technique at a Reynolds number of 2.4 x 10 4.
Abstract 4555: Protein and glycan biomarkers of malignant potential in pancreatic cyst fluid

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The early detection of a portion of pancreatic cancer precursors\_cystic neoplasms of the pancreas\_is possible through high-resolution abdominal imaging, providing an opportunity to successfully treat these lesions before they become invasive. The increased use of abdominal imaging has led to a higher rate of identifying pancreatic cysts, but currently it is not possible to accurately determine which cysts have high malignant potential and should be removed. Our previous work showed that the glycosylation and abundance of specific proteins in the cyst fluid was significantly different between potentially malignant cysts and benign cysts, providing leads for biomarkers to guide patient management. In this work we tested the hypothesis that a panel of specific protein glycoforms forms an accurate biomarker for pancreatic cysts with high malignant potential. Using antibody-lectin sandwich arrays, screens of nearly 100 different candidate markers and multiple glycoforms of each marker confirmed previous results and also showed that two distinct glycan structures are present on several proteins at high levels in the cyst fluid of cancer precursors (intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN)) but not in benign cysts (serous cystadenomas (SC) and pseudocysts (PC)). The glycans, N-acetyl glucosamine and the blood group H structure, previously have not been recognized as cancer biomarkers. A six-marker panel comprising the measurement of one of these glycans on MUC5AC, MUC16, endorepellin, and fibronectin correctly detected 37 of 39 (95%) potential cancer precursors and 16 of 18 (89%) of the benign cysts. This performance significantly surpasses current diagnostic accuracy. The validation of this biomarker panel could lead to more accurate treatment decisions for patients with potentially malignant cysts while sparing patients with benign cysts from unnecessary procedures. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4555. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4555
Three-dimensional simulation of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers

Several vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) structures are investigated by means of 3D steady-state electrical-thermal-optical numerical modeling. Electrical and thermal models are coupled via: (i) heat generation by current passing through the diode; (ii) temperature dependence of the diffusion potential of the junction; and (iii) temperature dependence of the bulk resistivity of passive material at both sides of the junction. Optical waveguide model is coupled to electrical-thermal model through position-dependent carrier recombination lifetime and temperature-dependent refractive-index. Simulation is performed for cylindrically symmetric two-sided oxide- confined intracavity-contact VCSELs. For comparison purposes, numerical data are acquired for materially identical bottom-emitting mesa laser and p-side intracavity- contact VCSEL. Nonuniformity of the main device characteristics is studied. Several different phenomena are shown to contribute to nonuniformity: (i) current crowding due to device geometry; (ii) current crowding induced by stimulated emission processes; (iii) current spreading related to oxide positioning; (iv) temperature related effects.
Use of the cerium chloride technique and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis in plant peroxisome identification

Glycolate oxidase activity is demonstrated cytochemically with the CeCl3 technique in leaf peroxisomes ofNicotiana tabacum, Glycine max, Psychotria punctata and in unspecialized peroxisomes ofYucca torreyi roots. Reaction product deposition occurs throughout peroxisomal matrices, whereas nucleoid inclusion bodies, occurring in all four species, are cytochemically unreactive. We observed reactive and nonreactive microbodies within individual cells in these four plants despite prolonged incubation times and increased CeCl3 concentration. These results may reflect differences in glycolate oxidase content or peroxisomal differentiation within individual cells of a given tissue. We demonstrate substrate-independent cerium deposits in cell walls, cytoplasmic hoop-shaped structures and chloroplast thylakoids at extended incubation times or increased CeCl3 concentration, perhaps indicating the presence of endogenous H2O2. Elemental spectral analysis of electron-dense deposits with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis using a STEM detects peaks generated from the L-series of cerium. SEM X-ray mapping for the Lα1 peak of cerium verifies peroxisomal localization of reaction product in thin sections.
Dynamics in the self-efficacy–performance relationship following failure

Abstract In the current study, we empirically examined the proposition that failure experiences (a) alter the nature of the relationship between self-efficacy and performance and (b) shape the trajectory of self-efficacy over time. Participants (N = 128 young adult males) were randomly assigned to an induced failure or a control condition where they completed five sessions of a complex computer-based performance task, each preceded by a measure of self-efficacy. Multiple group discontinuous latent growth modeling (MGLGM) and piecewise hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) were used to compare similarities and differences across conditions in the self-efficacy–performance relationship and in the trajectory of self-efficacy over time. The findings showed that self-efficacy decreased immediately following induced failure; an effect that endured in later performance sessions, even after typical performance levels had recovered. Within-person (i.e., intra-individual) self-efficacy was negatively related to performance in the control condition, yet was unrelated to performance in the failure condition. Furthermore, the self-efficacy–performance relationship was dynamic such that between-person (i.e., inter-individual) self-efficacy was positively related to the trajectory of performance following failure, even when controlling for the effects of prior performance and task-related experience. These results suggest that failure experiences can fundamentally alter the form and direction of the self-efficacy–performance relationship.
Test of Two Models for Acquisition of Information: Failure to Replicate

Both additive and multiplicative combinations of importance and uncertainty have predicted information search in past research. In an attempt to obtain both relationships in a single experiment, this study manipulated importance in terms of incentive and difficulty, and it varied uncertainty in terms of ambiguity and incompatibility. Data from 240 subjects indicated that ambiguity depressed confidence and heightened direct and social search, but other predicted effects were not obtained. The failure to replicate prior research was attributed to use of manipulations between- as opposed to within-subjects.
MITIGATING SEISMIC IMPACT ON MARINE LIFE: CURRENT PRACTICE AND FUTURE TECHNOLOGY

(2002). MITIGATING SEISMIC IMPACT ON MARINE LIFE: CURRENT PRACTICE AND FUTURE TECHNOLOGY. Bioacoustics: Vol. 12, No. 2-3, pp. 316-318.
Application of in vivo bone strain measurement techniques to problems of skeletal adaptations

The shape of a bone and its microscopic structure have long been viewed as influenced by genetic and functional factors. Two functional factors of particular significance for the skeleton, weight-bearing and muscle action, affect bone by deforming it slightly. Until recently, it was possible only to hypothesize about normal patterns of deformation (or strain) on bone and how changes in functional factors might influence these strain patterns. With the advent of in vivo bone strain measurement techniques, it is possible to directly observe both normal and abnormal patterns of bone strain. Accumulating evidence from observations of a variety of bone strain patterns has contributed greatly to our understanding of relevant parameters for skeletal adaptations. Among strain parameters currently under investigation are peak bone strains, strain rates, number of strain cycles, and bone strain distributions. Results of in vivo bone strain studies have shown that all of the above parameters most likely exert some influence on bone. For example, strain distribution and/or peak strain may be a critical osteogenic signal, while number of strain cycles may provide a critical remodeling stimulus. In addition, some popular concepts of skeletal adaptations to mechanical stresses are currently being challenged. For example, the idea that bone represents a minimum amount of material arranged with maximum efficiency may no longer be tenable since, in some cases, bones seem to be arranged in a fashion that tends to increase rather than decrease bone strain levels.
General framework for parameter optimization in imaging interferometric lithography

Imaging interferometric lithography (IIL) employs the resolu- tion enhancement technique (RET) of off-axis illumination (OAI) to over- come the spatial frequency resolution limitations that are imposed by the band limitedness of a conventional optical lithography system. IIL im- proves upon the aerial image resolution of a conventional optical lithog- raphy system by providing a wavelength division multiplexing approach toward the attainment of the maximum spatial frequency coverage of 2/l, which is independent of the numerical aperture of the optical system. IIL combines OAI, which provides access to higher spatial frequencies of the mask, with multiple exposures and several different configurations of the polarization parameters, the frequency parsing parameters, and the exposure energy ratios are possible. Although experiments detailing the resolution enhancement capabilities of IIL in isolated parameter settings exist, a unified approach toward parameter optimization in IIL that would enable automated software for TCAD is presently lacking. With the objec- tive of providing a framework for parameter optimization in IIL, we pro- pose in this paper, an approach that encompasses: (a) polarization di- versity in the different on-axis or off-axis exposures of IIL, (b) an aggregate error metric for evaluating aerial image quality, (c) a block- based optimization process that incorporates the proposed error metric on representative, smaller blocks of the mask, (d) an optimization pro- cess that determines the optimal parameter settings for the entire mask using the lessons learned from the blocks. This framework for optimiza- tion of parameters in IIL enables comparison of IIL with other contempo- rary RETs and also enables the study and analysis of hybrid approaches such as combinations of IIL with optimal proximity correction. Simulation results that demonstrate the efficacy of the IIL-based approach and re- inforce its capabilities as a viable RET for subwavelength optical lithog- raphy are presented. © 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Abstract LB-316: The landscape of actionable genomic lesions in small cell bladder cancer

Small cell cancers are aggressive tumors with unfavorable prognosis. Small cell bladder carcinomas are a particularly troublesome and poorly differentiated tumor where little is known and in which few targeted therapeutic options exist for molecularly defined patients. We therefore sought to characterize both common and actionable aberrant pathways in small cell bladder tumors to serve as a guide for therapeutic development. Utilizing a combination of deep targeted capture and whole-genome sequencing approaches, we characterized the mutational and DNA copy number alteration spectrum of twenty patients with small-cell bladder cancer including multi-region profiling of a subset of cases with mixed small cell and urothelial histologies. Integrating molecular, clinical, and pathway data along with comparative genomic analyses of 371 urothelial bladder and small cell lung cancers, we identified histology- and lineage-specific lesions and significant differences in the prevalence of specific pathway aberrations. Whole-genome sequencing revealed structurally complex tumors and, in some cases, somatic hypermutation, including one sample harboring more than 150,000 clonal mutations. Aberrations in G1/S cell cycle progression appear to be pathognomonic in small cell tumors. Furthermore, additional lesions affecting both pro/anti apoptotic as well as metabolic pathways occurred in patterns that are distinct from other small-cell and bladder cancers. In total, 85% of small cell bladder cancer samples contain at least one potentially clinically actionable lesion. These results indicate that integrative genomic analyses of small-cell bladder cancer facilitates therapeutic development and pathway targeting in a complex mutational landscape. Citation Format: Matthew T. Chang, Saurabh Asthana, Gopakumar Iyer, Neil Desai, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Jocelyn Chapman, Bernard H. Bochner, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Dean F. Bajorin, David B. Solit, Barry S. Taylor. The landscape of actionable genomic lesions in small cell bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-316. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-316
Hinged Beam Elements for the Topology Design of Compliant Mechanisms Using the Ground Structure Approach

The design obtained from a topology optimization problem can largely depend on the type of the ground structure used. A new type of ground structure containing hinged beam elements is described in this paper that reduces the dependence of the optimal design on the ground structure. Apart from the beam and truss elements that have traditionally been used, two new types of elements are introduced: 1) a beam with a hinge on one end and a solid connection on the other end, 2) beam element with hinges on both ends. These elements are particularly useful when applied to a compliant mechanism design using a truss/beam type ground structure. A couple of compliant mechanism problems are solved to demonstrate the effectiveness of these elements.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Hydrogen peroxide activates the Gas6-Axl pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is involved in cell survival, proliferation, and migration. We have shown that Axl expression increases in the neointima of balloon-injured rat carotids. Because oxidative stress is known to play a major role in remodeling of injured vessels, we hypothesized that H2O2 might activate Axl by promoting autophosphorylation. H2O2 rapidly stimulated Axl tyrosine phosphorylation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells within 1 min that was maximal at 5 min (6-fold). The response to H2O2 was concentration-dependent with EC50 of ∼500 μm. Axl phosphorylation was partly dependent on production of its endogenous ligand, growth arrest gene 6 (Gas6), because Axl-Fc, a fragment of Axl extracellular domain that neutralizes Gas6, inhibited H2O2-induced Axl phosphorylation by 50%. Axl phosphorylation by H2O2 was also attenuated by warfarin, which inhibits Gas6 activity by preventing post-translational modification. In intact vessels Axl was phosphorylated by H2O2, and Axl phosphorylation was inhibited by warfarin treatment in balloon-injured carotids. Akt, a downstream target of Axl, was phosphorylated by H2O2in Axl+/+ mouse aorta but significantly inhibited in Axl-/- aorta. Intimal proliferation was decreased significantly in a cuff injury model in Axl-/- mice compared with Axl+/+ mice. In summary, Axl is an important signaling mediator for oxidative stress in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and intact vessels and may represent an important therapeutic target for vascular remodeling and response to injury.
DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSFUSED TRITIATED CYTIDINE LABELED LEUKOCYTES AND RED CELLS IN THE BONE MARROW OF NORMAL AND IRRADIATED RATS

In normal rats and after whole-body irradiation with 550-r x-rays, the fate in the bone marrow of labeled nucleated and red cells of transfused peripheral blood was observed autoradiographically. Labeled nucleated cells, most of which were lymphocyte-like cells, readily migrated into the marrow parenchyma in normal animals (2 cells/1000 parenchymal cells/hr). Following irradiation to at least 27 to 51 hr, this migration appeared to be relatively increased. Beyond this time, parenchymal areas were more difficult to be defined as such. Labeled red cells were rarely observed to enter parenchyma despite the presence of nonlabeled erythrocytes within the parenchymal structure after irradiation. The vascular bed following irradiation increased greatly as the parenchyma diminished to a minimum of less than 10% of control at 75 hr. Despite these changes in the architecture of the marrow, the average density of labeled cells per area of marrow corresponded to values expected on the assumption of a free-flowing circulation. The presently-used technique did not allow distinguishirg at all times between a free-flowing circulation through intact sinusoids or through areas in which the sinusoidal wall as such was destroyed. (auth)
Performance, energy characterizations and architectural implications of an emerging mobile platform benchmark suite - MobileBench

In this paper, we explore key microarchitectural features of mobile computing platforms that are crucial to the performance of smart phone applications. We create and use a selection of representative smart phone applications, which we call MobileBench that aid in this analysis. We also evaluate the effectiveness of current memory subsystem on the mobile platforms. Furthermore, by instrumenting the Android framework, we perform energy characterization for MobileBench on an existing Samsung Galaxy S III smart phone. Based on our energy analysis, we find that application cores on modern smart phones consume significant amount of energy. This motivates our detailed performance analysis centered at the application cores. Based on our detailed performance studies, we reach several key findings. (i) Using a more sophisticated tournament branch predictor can improve the branch prediction accuracy but this does not translate to observable performance gain. (ii) Smart phone applications show distinct TLB capacity needs. Larger TLBs can improve performance by an avg. of 14%. (iii) The current L2 cache on most smart phone platform experiences poor utilization because of the fast-changing memory requirements of smart phone applications. Using a more effective cache management scheme improves the L2 cache utilization by as much as 29.3% and by an avg. of 12%. (iv) Smart phone applications are prefetching-friendly. Using a simple stride prefetcher can improve performance across MobileBench applications by an avg. of 14%. (v) Lastly, the memory bandwidth requirements of MobileBench applications are moderate and well under current smart phone memory bandwidth capacity of 8.3 GB/s. With these insights into the smart phone application characteristics, we hope to guide the design of future smart phone platforms for lower power consumptions through simpler architecture while achieving high performance.
247 CLONING OF THE cDNA OF HUMAN PREGNANCYSPECIFIC β1-GLYCOPROTEIN

Human pregnancy-specific β 1-glycoprotein (βSPl) is detected in increasing concentration in maternal serum starting from the first 2–3 weeks of pregnancy. Decreased levels of this protein are often associated with fetal distress or ectopic pregnancy. It is not detectable in the healthy male and in the nonpregnant female. The protein has Mr of 90,000. Its structure and function is unknown. Cloning of the cDNA of this protein will permit characterization of its structure and study of its function and regulation throughout pregnancy. Rabbit antihuman β SP1 antibody was absorbed with other placental proteins and affinity purified. The 1–125 labeled antibody was used as probe to screen a human placental cDNA expression library in bacteriophage λgt 11 provided by Dr. Brian Knoll. Six positive clones were identified. Lysates of bacteria carrying these 6 recombinant phage were prepared and analyzed by Western blot. A slow moving protein band hybridizing with the probe was identified in lysates. No such bands were observed in lysates of the host bacteria or the wild type λgt 11 lysogen. These results confirmed that in all cases the antibody recognized the cDNA translation product and not a phage or bacterial protein. Eco RI digestion of the recombinant phage DNA showed inserts of size varying from 415 to 2803 bp with two internal Eco RI sites in the 2803 bp insert. We thank Dr. Hans Bohn of Behringwerke for the purified β SPl and Drs. Dominic Chung and Earl Davie for their help and advice. (Supported in part by NIH grant HD 16730).
Effects of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: A Randomized Trial

According to the latest estimates, more than one third of American adults have at least 1 form of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and one third of total deaths are due to CVD (1). The annual cost of caring for Americans with CVD was an estimated $312.9 billion in 2009 and is projected to increase to approximately $1.48 trillion by 2030 (1). Thus, CVD is one of the most important public health challenges in the United States. Low-carbohydrate diets have become a popular strategy for weight loss and weight management in recent years; however, their cardiovascular effects are unknown. Prospective cohort studies have produced conflicting results regarding the association between low-carbohydrate dietary patterns and risk for CVD (2, 3). Few randomized, controlled trials thus far have examined the effects of carbohydrate restriction on CVD risk factors in a diverse population with a significant proportion of black persons. The few that have either did not assess a typical low-carbohydrate diet or included severely obese participants, most of whom had type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome (4–6). Hence, we conducted a randomized, parallel-group trial to examine the effects of a 12-month low-carbohydrate diet compared with a low-fat diet (7–9) on body weight and CVD risk factors in a diverse population with a substantial proportion of black persons with no clinical comorbid conditions.
ACTION OF GROWTH-HORMONE-RELEASE INHIBITORY HORMONE IN HEALTHY MEN AND IN ACROMEGALY

Abstract The synthetic growth-hormone-release inhibitory hormone (G.R.-I.H.) inhibits G.H. response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia without affecting the prolactin or corticosteroid responses, but the effects are short-lived. The normal thyrotrophin and follicle-stimulating hormone (F.S.H.) responses to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (T.R.H.) were impaired by G.R.-I.H., although the prolactin response was unaffected. G.R.-I.H. did not alter luteinising hormone (L.H.) or F.S.H basally or after L.H/F.S.H releasing hormone. Circulating G.H. levels fell strikingly in three acromegalic patients given G.R.-I.H. infusion, but their prolactin levels were not affected. G.R.-I.H. holds great promise for the medical treatment of diseases associated with excess G.H. secretion such as acromegaly, gigantism, and diabetes mellitus.
Photoreceptor IFT Complexes Containing Chaperones, Guanylyl Cyclase 1 and Rhodopsin

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) provides a mechanism for the transport of cilium-specific proteins, but the mechanisms for linkage of cargo and IFT proteins have not been identified. Using the sensory outer segments (OS) of photoreceptors, which are derived from sensory cilia, we have identified IFT-cargo complexes containing IFT proteins, kinesin 2 family proteins, two photoreceptor-specific membrane proteins, guanylyl cyclase 1 (GC1, Gucy2e) and rhodopsin (RHO), and the chaperones, mammalian relative of DNAJ, DnajB6 (MRJ), and HSC70 (Hspa8). Analysis of these complexes leads to a model in which MRJ through its binding to IFT88 and GC1 plays a critical role in formation or stabilization of the IFT-cargo complexes. Consistent with the function of MRJ in the activation of HSC70 ATPase activity, Mg-ATP enhances the co-IP of GC1, RHO, and MRJ with IFT proteins. Furthermore, RNAi knockdown of MRJ in IMCD3 cells expressing GC1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reduces cilium membrane targeting of GC1-GFP without apparent effect on cilium elongation.
Sustained inhibition of rat myometrial gap junctions and contractions by lindane

Gap junctions increase in size and abundance coincident with parturition, forming an intercellular communication network that permits the uterus to develop the forceful, coordinated contractions necessary for delivery of the fetus. Lindane, a pesticide used in the human and veterinary treatment of scabies and lice as well as in agricultural applications, inhibits uterine contractions in vitro, inhibits myometrial gap junctions, and has been associated with prolonged gestation length in rats. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether brief exposures to lindane would elicit sustained inhibition of rat uterine contractile activity and myometrial gap junction intercellular communication. To examine effects on uterine contraction, longitudinal uterine strips isolated from late gestation (day 20) rats were exposed to lindane in muscle baths and monitored for changes in spontaneous phasic contractions during and after exposure to lindane. Lucifer yellow dye transfer between myometrial cells in culture was used to monitor gap junction intercellular communication. During a 1-h exposure, 10 micro M and 100 micro M lindane decreased peak force and frequency of uterine contraction but 1 micro M lindane did not. After removal of the exposure buffer, contraction force remained significantly depressed in uterine strips exposed to 100 micro M lindane, returning to less than 50% basal levels 5 h after cessation of lindane exposure. In cultured myometrial myocytes, significant sustained inhibition of Lucifer yellow dye transfer was observed 24 h after lindane exposures as brief as 10 min and as low as 0.1 micro M lindane. Brief in vitro exposures to lindane have long-term effects on myometrial functions that are necessary for parturition, inhibiting spontaneous phasic contractions in late gestation rat uterus and gap junction intercellular communication in myometrial cell cultures.
empty pericarp2 Encodes a Negative Regulator of the Heat Shock Response and Is Required for Maize Embryogenesis

The heat shock response (HSR) is an evolutionarily conserved molecular/biochemical reaction to thermal stress that is essential to the survival of eukaryotic organisms. Recessive Mutator transposon mutations at the maize empty pericarp2 (emp2) locus led to dramatically increased expression of heat shock genes, retarded embryo development, and early-stage abortion of embryogenesis. The developmental timing of emp2 mutant embryo lethality was correlated with the initial competence of maize kernels to invoke the HSR. Cloning and sequence analyses revealed that the emp2 gene encoded a predicted protein with high similarity to HEAT SHOCK BINDING PROTEIN1, which was first described in animals as a negative regulator of the HSR. emp2 is a loss-of-function mutation of an HSR-negative regulator in plants. Despite the recessive emp2 phenotype, steady state levels of emp2 transcripts were abundant in mutant kernels, and the predicted coding region was unaffected. These expression data suggest that emp2 transcription is feedback regulated, whereas S1 nuclease mapping suggests that emp2 mutant transcripts are 5′ truncated and nontranslatable. In support of this model, immunoblot assays revealed that EMP2 protein did not accumulate in mutant kernels. These data support a model whereby an unattenuated HSR results in the early abortion of emp2 mutant embryos. Furthermore, the developmental retardation of emp2 mutant kernels before the HSR suggests an additional role for EMP2 during embryo development distinct from the HSR.
Recovering three-dimensional shape around a corner using ultrafast time-of-flight imaging.

The recovery of objects obscured by scattering is an important goal in imaging and has been approached by exploiting, for example, coherence properties, ballistic photons or penetrating wavelengths. Common methods use scattered light transmitted through an occluding material, although these fail if the occluder is opaque. Light is scattered not only by transmission through objects, but also by multiple reflection from diffuse surfaces in a scene. This reflected light contains information about the scene that becomes mixed by the diffuse reflections before reaching the image sensor. This mixing is difficult to decode using traditional cameras. Here we report the combination of a time-of-flight technique and computational reconstruction algorithms to untangle image information mixed by diffuse reflection. We demonstrate a three-dimensional range camera able to look around a corner using diffusely reflected light that achieves sub-millimetre depth precision and centimetre lateral precision over 40 cm×40 cm×40 cm of hidden space. An important goal in optics is to image objects hidden by turbid media, although line-of-sight techniques fail when the obscuring medium becomes opaque. Veltenet al. use ultrafast imaging techniques to recover three-dimensional shapes of non-line-of-sight objects after reflection from diffuse surfaces.
Semi-Infinite Programming and Continuum Physics

A unifying structure of semi-infinite programming has been the linear space of generalized finite sequences. While providing a duality theory, their use also opens up promising avenues for numerical treatment. In this paper the unification is extended to some problems in continuum physics whose mathematical formulations involve choices of function spaces, techniques of integration by parts in one and two dimensions, and finite element numerical approximations. The extension produces a biextremal formulation of equilibrium problems in continuum mechanics having material stress and displacement variables which is equivalent to a dual pair of infinite linear programs. Analogous to two-person game theory each problem has its own set of variables (stresses or displacements but not both) augmented by the dual variables associated with some of the constraining inequalities of the companion problem. Simultaneously, generalized finite sequences generate a class of generalized finite elements, including for example, the space of all 4-node nonlinear quadrilateral elements.
Social Inequality and Racial Discrimination: Risk Factors for Health Disparities in Children of Color

A child's sense of control over life and health outcomes as well as perceptions of the world as fair, equal, and just are significantly influenced by his or her social experiences and environment. Unfortunately, the social environment for many children of color includes personal and family experiences of racial discrimination that foster perceptions of powerlessness, inequality, and injustice. In turn, these perceptions may influence child health outcomes and disparities by affecting biological functioning (eg, cardiovascular and immune function) and the quality of the parent-child relationship and promoting psychological distress (eg, self-efficacy, depression, anger) that can be associated with risk-taking and unhealthy behaviors. In this article we review existing theoretical models and empirical studies of the impact of racial discrimination on the health and development of children of color in the United States. On the basis of this literature, a conceptual model of exposure to racial discrimination as a chronic stressor and a risk factor for poor health outcomes and child health disparities is presented.
Aspects of disclosure: Mediators of outcome of childhood sexual abuse.

This research investigates the relationship between disclosure and adult outcome. In the study, 60 volunteers completed a phone interview regarding their history of sexual abuse, history of repeated disclosures, and current socioemotional functioning. Number of disclosures and number of positive disclosures were not related to adult functioning as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. Reactions to adulthood disclosure were perceived as significantly more helpful than reactions to childhood disclosures. Across all explored disclosures, the more direct the disclosure, the more negative the reaction. It is unclear, based on the lack of findings in this study, whether revealing sexual abuse has a healing effect.
Assessing the Pregnant Patient: A Review of New Potential Screening Tests

Nearly 28,000 infants die each year. Some causes of infant death cannot be prevented. Others could perhaps be prevented if physicians were able to predict and/or diagnose disease early enough to allow treatment. This review focuses on new laboratory tests that could impact the leading causes of infant mortality. It is unclear if any of these tests will become incorporated into clinical practice, but all demonstrate potential advantages over currently available laboratory testing. Urine invasive trophoblast antigen may improve the sensitivity of screening for Down syndrome. Cervicovaginal IL-6 has a negative predictive value identical to fetal fibronectin but is far less expensive. Serum soluble fms-like tyrosine 1 and placental growth factor may have the ability to predict preeclampsia at 5 to 6 days prior to the onset of symptoms. Finally, a new FDA-approved, rapid PCR for Group B streptococcus offers a faster turnaround time.
Isolation of a crystal matrix protein associated with calcium oxalate precipitation in vacuoles of specialized cells.

The formation of calcium (Ca) oxalate crystals is considered to be a high-capacity mechanism for regulating Ca in many plants. Ca oxalate precipitation is not a stochastic process, suggesting the involvement of specific biochemical and cellular mechanisms. Microautoradiography of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) tissue exposed to 3H-glutamate showed incorporation into developing crystals, indicating potential acidic proteins associated with the crystals. Dissolution of crystals leaves behind a crystal-shaped matrix “ghost” that is capable of precipitation of Ca oxalate in the original crystal morphology. To assess whether this matrix has a protein component, purified crystals were isolated and analyzed for internal protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of one major polypeptide of about 55 kD and two minor species of 60 and 63 kD. Amino acid analysis indicates the matrix protein is relatively high in acidic amino acids, a feature consistent with its solubility in formic acid but not at neutral pH. 45Ca-binding assays demonstrated the matrix protein has a strong affinity for Ca. Immunocytochemical localization using antibody raised to the isolated protein showed that the matrix protein is specific to crystal-forming cells. Within the vacuole, the surface and internal structures of two morphologically distinct Ca oxalate crystals, raphide and druse, were labeled by the antimatrix protein serum, as were the surfaces of isolated crystals. These results demonstrate that a specific Ca-binding protein exists as an integral component of Ca oxalate crystals, which holds important implications with respect to regulation of crystal formation.
The group of isometries on Hardy spaces of the n -ball and the polydisc

Let C be the complex plane, and U the disc |Z| the inner product, and | · | the Euclidean norm in Cn;. Bn will be the open unit ball {z ∈ Cn:|z| < 1}, and Un will be the unit polydisc in Cn. For l ≤ p < ∞, p ≠ 2, Gp(Bn) (resp., Gp(Un)) will denote the group of all isometries of Hp(Bn) (resp., Hp(Un)) onto itself, where Hp(Bn) and HP(Un) are the usual Hardy spaces.
Open-Heart Surgery in Patients More than 65 Years Old

Abstract At the Mayo Clinic from 1968 to 1973, 305 open-heart operations were performed on patients more than 65 years old. The overall operative mortality rate was 15.7%. Of the various types of operations, aortic valve replacement was associated with a mortality of 10.6%; mitral valve replacement, 20.0%; multiple valve replacements, 42.4%; coronary artery grafting, 3.7%; coronary grafting plus valve replacement, 23.1%; and miscellaneous procedures, 8.3%. Advanced disease, inability to achieve good coronary perfusion during operation, intraoperative ventricular fibrillation, postoperative myocardial infarction, and low cardiac output were factors in mortality. Open-heart operations can be done in patients more than 65 years old with an acceptable operative mortality.
Prevalence and mortality rate of congestive heart failure in the United States.

Objectives. The study was designed to determine the prevalence and mortality rate of congestive heart failure in noninstitutionalized men and women in the U.S. Background. Congestive heart failure is a serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality. Earlier epideraiologic descriptions of congestive heart failure were constructed from small surveys, limited data, hospital records or death certificates. No nationally representative data from noninstitutionalized persons have been examined. Methods. Data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-I, 1971 to 1975) were used to determine the prevalence of heart failure on the basis of both self-reporting and a clinical definition. Mortality data were derived from the NHANES-I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982 to 1986). Results. The prevalence of self-reported congestive heart failure approximates 1.1% of the noninstitutionalized U.S. adult population; the prevalence of congestive heart failure based on clinical criteria is 2%. These estimates suggest that between 1 and 2 million adults are affected. Mortality at 10 and 15 years for those persons with congestive heart failure increases in graded fashion with advancing age, with men more likely to die than women. In the group ≥55 years old, the 15-year total mortality rate was 39.1% for women and 71.8% for men. Conclusions. Congestive heart failure is a common problem in the U.S., with significant prevalence and mortality, both of which increase with advancing age. As the population of the U.S. becomes older, the health care impact of congestive heart failure will probably grow.
A graph-based approach to systematically reconstruct human transcriptional regulatory modules

Motivation: A major challenge in studying gene regulation is to systematically reconstruct transcription regulatory modules, which are defined as sets of genes that are regulated by a common set of transcription factors. A commonly used approach for transcription module reconstruction is to derive coexpression clusters from a microarray dataset. However, such results often contain false positives because genes from many transcription modules may be simultaneously perturbed upon a given type of conditions. In this study, we propose and validate that genes, which form a coexpression cluster in multiple microarray datasets across diverse conditions, are more likely to form a transcription module. However, identifying genes coexpressed in a subset of many microarray datasets is not a trivial computational problem. Results: We propose a graph-based data-mining approach to efficiently and systematically identify frequent coexpression clusters. Given m microarray datasets, we model each microarray dataset as a coexpression graph, and search for vertex sets which are frequently densely connected across ⌈ θ m ⌉ datasets (0 ≤ θ ≤ 1). For this novel graph-mining problem, we designed two techniques to narrow down the search space: (1) partition the input graphs into (overlapping) groups sharing common properties; (2) summarize the vertex neighbor information from the partitioned datasets onto the ‘Neighbor Association Summary Graph's for effective mining. We applied our method to 105 human microarray datasets, and identified a large number of potential transcription modules, activated under different subsets of conditions. Validation by ChIP-chip data demonstrated that the likelihood of a coexpression cluster being a transcription module increases significantly with its recurrence. Our method opens a new way to exploit the vast amount of existing microarray data accumulation for gene regulation study. Furthermore, the algorithm is applicable to other biological networks for approximate network module mining. Availability: http://zhoulab.usc.edu/NeMo/ Contact: [email protected]
A concept graph based confidence measure

In this paper, the confidence measure of a hypothesized word is derived from its posterior probability. In contrast to common approaches, in which N-best lists or word graphs/lattices are used, the posterior probabilities are derived from a concept graph. The concept graph is obtained from a word graph through a partial parsing process using semantic grammars. This approach allows us to use relatively complex and better language models along with acoustic models to compute word posterior probabilities. The language model used is comprised of stochastic context free grammars (one for each concept) and an n-gram concept language model. We show that the posterior probabilities computed on concept graphs outperform those computed on word graphs when used as confidence measures. Results are presented within the context of Colorado University (CU) Communicator System; a telephone-based dialog system for making travel plans by accessing information about flights, hotels and car rentals.
Natural History of Untreated Prostate Specific Antigen Radiorecurrent Prostate Cancer in Men with Favorable Prognostic Indicators

Background and Purpose. Life expectancy data could identify men with favorable post-radiation prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure kinetics unlikely to require androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Materials and Methods. Of 206 men with unfavorable-risk prostate cancer in a randomized trial of radiation versus radiation and ADT, 53 experienced a PSA failure and were followed without salvage ADT. Comorbidity, age and established prognostic factors were assessed for relationship to death using Cox regression analyses. Results. The median age at failure, interval to PSA failure, and PSA doubling time were 76.6 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 71.8-79.3), 49.1 months (IQR: 37.7-87.4), and 25 months (IQR: 13.1-42.8), respectively. After a median follow up of 4.0 years following PSA failure, 45% of men had died, none from prostate cancer and no one had developed metastases. Both increasing age at PSA failure (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03-1.25; P = 0.008) and the presence of moderate to severe comorbidity (HR: 12.5; 95% CI: 3.81-41.0; P 2 years following post-radiation PSA failure appear to be good candidates for observation without ADT intervention.
Fast synaptic transmission in the goldfish CNS mediated by multiple nicotinic receptors

Non-technicalsummaryUsually nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system only influence the strength of a signal between neurons. At a few critical connections, for instance some of those involved in the flight response, nicotinic receptors not only modulate the signal, they actually determine whether a signal is conveyed or not. We show at one of the few such connections accessible for study, up to three different nicotinic receptor subtypes mediate the signal. The subtypesappeartobeclusteredinseparatelocations.Dependingonthenumberandcombination of the subtypes present the signal can range from short to long duration and from low to high amplitude.Thisprovidesacriticalconnectionwithabuilt-inplasticityandmayenableittoadapt to a changing environment. Abstract In this study, fast synaptic transmission at vertebrate CNS connections mediated by several different nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) was investigated with paired recordings from pre- and postsynaptic neurons. Analysis of the response kinetics at the axo-axonic connections between the Mauthner (M-) axon and cranial relay neurons (CRN) indicates up to three main componentsarepresentandcanbecharacterizedbyfast, ∼1.5ms,intermediate, ∼6msandslow, ∼15ms, decay time constants. Further analysis indicates most responses have multiexponential decays and each response falls into one of six classes dependent on the weight and combination of kinetic components. Pharmacological results suggest that up to three nAChRs, α7 ∗ , α3β2 ∗ and α3β4 ∗ ,mediatethepostsynapticresponsesandcorrespondtothefast,intermediateandslowdecay components, respectively. The fast decay component is blocked by ∼35nM methyllycaconitine (MLA), 100 nM α-bungarotoxin (α-Btx) or 150 nM α-conotoxin (α-Ctx) ArIB. The intermediate decay component is blocked by 2 μM dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHβE) or 200 nM α-Ctx GIC. The slow decay component is blocked by 10 μM α-Ctx AuIB, but not by 7.25 μM DHβE. Intriguingly, the mEPSPs (minis) at connections with evoked EPSPs best fitted by multiple exponentials, were not composite; rather, there were multiple populations of minis, each with single exponential decay times corresponding to those of the different evoked EPSP components. Thisindicatesthatthedifferentreceptorsaretopographicallysegregatedattheconnectionbetween the M-axon and CRN axon. These results suggest that, as with glutamate, fast nicotinic synaptic transmission in the CNS can be mediated by multiple receptors in the same postsynaptic neuron. The coexistence of EPSPs of different durations may have implications for network function and plasticity.