cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Home monitoring program reduces interstage mortality after the modified Norwood procedure.

Background From 2002 to 2005, the interstage mortality after a modified Norwood procedure was 7% in our program. An interstage home monitoring program (HMP) was established to identify Norwood procedure patients at increased risk of decompensation and to reduce interstage mortality. Methods Results of the first 5 years of the Norwood HMP were reviewed retrospectively. Interstage was defined as the time between Norwood hospital discharge and admission for second stage surgical palliation. In the HMP, families documented oxygen saturation, heart rate, weight, and feedings daily. Nurse practitioners called each family at least weekly, and when issues arose, action plans were determined based on symptom severity. Results Between October 2005 and October 2010 there were 46 Norwood procedure patients who survived to hospital discharge. All were enrolled in the HMP. Forty-five patients had a Norwood procedure with right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit, and 1 patient had a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. Interstage survival was 100%. Nineteen patients (41%) were admitted interstage; 5 patients were admitted twice, 1 patient was admitted 4 times. Seventeen patients (37%) required interstage interventions. Eight patients (17%) required major interventions: conduit stenting, aortic arch balloon angioplasty, emergent shunt, or early Glenn surgery. Minor interventions included supplemental oxygen, blood transfusion, intravenous hydration, diuresis, anti-arrhythmic therapy, or feeding adjustments. Conclusions In the first 5 years of the HMP, all infants discharged after a modified Norwood procedure survived the interstage period. The HMP altered clinical management in 37% of patients. Home monitoring of oxygen saturation, heart rate, weight, and feedings, along with comprehensive care coordination, allowed timely interventions and reduced interstage mortality from 7% to 0%.
Autonomic and cardiovascular effects of corticotropin-releasing factor in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Abstract Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) produced a greater increasd of plasma epinephrine and glucose concentrations in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) than in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) or Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In contrast, CRF given i.c.v. produced significant elevations of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in WKY and SD rats, but not in SHRs. To determine whether the prominent rise of plasma epinephrine levels following CRF administration to SHRs was a unique response to this peptide, two other stimuli for epinephrine secretion were evaluated, i.e. bombesin given i.c.v. and insulin given intravenously (i.v.). In contrast to the apparent enhanced responsiveness of the SHR to CRF, plasma epinephrine levels following either bombesin or insulin administration were similar in SHR, WKY and SD rats. These results demonstrate that the adrenomedullary response to CRF administration in the SHR is of greater magnitude than in WKY or SD rats. In an effort to identify the mechanisms responsible for the differential cardiovascular and adrenomedullary responses to CRF in the SHR versus WKY rat. CRF binding studies were performed. No difference in binding affinity of [ 125 I]CRF or CRF receptor number could be identified in brains from SHR and WKY rats. Thus, CRF influences cardiovascular and adrenomedullary functions in a qualitatively dissimilar fashion in SHR and WKY rats. These differences are not secondary to any measurable alteration in CRF receptor affinity and number in SHR and WKY rats.
COVERT: Compositional Analysis of Android Inter-App Permission Leakage

Android is the most popular platform for mobile devices. It facilitates sharing of data and services among applications using a rich inter-app communication system. While access to resources can be controlled by the Android permission system, enforcing permissions is not sufficient to prevent security violations, as permissions may be mismanaged, intentionally or unintentionally. Android’s enforcement of the permissions is at the level of individual apps, allowing multiple malicious apps to collude and combine their permissions or to trick vulnerable apps to perform actions on their behalf that are beyond their individual privileges. In this paper, we present COVERT , a tool for compositional analysis of Android inter-app vulnerabilities. COVERT’s analysis is modular to enable incremental analysis of applications as they are installed, updated, and removed. It statically analyzes the reverse engineered source code of each individual app, and extracts relevant security specifications in a format suitable for formal verification. Given a collection of specifications extracted in this way, a formal analysis engine (e.g., model checker) is then used to verify whether it is safe for a combination of applications—holding certain permissions and potentially interacting with each other—to be installed together. Our experience with using COVERT to examine over 500 real-world apps corroborates its ability to find inter-app vulnerabilities in bundles of some of the most popular apps on the market.
ONIOM Study of the Coordination Chemistry of Ag+ with the Nitrogen-Bridged Ligands Ph2P−NH−PPh2 and Ph2P−NCH3−PPh2: Ligand Chelation versus Bridging

The coordination chemistry of Ag + with the nitrogen-bridged ligands H 2 P-NR-PH 2 and Ph 2 P-NR-PPh 2 (R = H, CH 3 ) has been studied at the B3LYP/6-31G(d)/ECP level where an effective core potential (ECP) replaces the coreelectrons of silver. The ONIOM method (B3LYP/ECP:STO-3G*) is used to model the effect of replacing hydrogens on phosphorus with phenyl groups (Ph 2 P-NR-PPh 2 , R = H (dppa) and R = CH 3 (dppma). Free energy calculations predict that [Ag 2 (dppa) 2 ] 2 + is favored over [Ag(dppa)] + (R = H, less replusion), while formation of [Ag(dppma)] + is favored over [Ag 2 (dppma) 2 ] 2 + (R = CH 3 , more repulsion), which is in agreement with experimental observations. The complexes of Ag + with H 2 P-NR-PH 2 , R = H, CH 3 , do not show differential behavior, indicating that the presence of phenyl groups is important in determining the balance between chelation and bridging. The relationship of the present results to the Thorpe-Ingold effect is discussed. Calculations on [Ag 2 (dppa) 3 ] 2 + indicated that there is a significant barrier to racemization (D 3 → D 3 h ), which is due to steric repulsion between phenyl groups in the transition state.
On Approximating Strongly Dispersion-Managed Solitons

We use a generalized scaling invariance of the dispersion-managed nonlinear Schrodinger equation to derive an approximate function for strongly dispersionmanaged solitons. We then analyze the regime in which the approximation is valid. Finally, we present a method for extracting the underlying soliton part from a noisy pulse, using the resulting approximate formula. PACS: 42.65.Tg, 42.65.Sf
Stability of Annexin V in Ternary Complexes with Ca2+ and Anionic Phospholipids: IR Studies of Monolayer and Bulk Phases†

Annexin V (AxV) is a member of a family of proteins that exhibit functionally relevant Ca2+-dependent binding to anionic phospholipid membranes. Protein structure and stability as a function of Ca2+ and phospholipids was studied by bulk phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy and by IR reflection−absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) of monolayers in situ at the air/water (A/W) interface. Bulk phase experiments revealed that AxV undergoes an irreversible thermal denaturation at ∼45−50 °C, as shown by the appearance of amide I bands at 1617 and 1682 cm-1. However, some native secondary structure is retained, even at 60 °C, consistent with a partially unfolded “molten globule” state. Formation of the Ca2+/phospholipid/protein ternary complex significantly protects the protein from thermal denaturation as compared to AxV alone, Ca2+/AxV, or lipid/AxV mixtures. Stabilization of AxV secondary structure by a DMPA monolayer in the presence of Ca2+ was also observed by IRRAS. Spectra of an adsorbed AxV film in the presence or...
A unified theory of urban living

It is time for a science of how city growth affects society and environment, say Luis Bettencourt and Geoffrey West.
Diagnostic Approach to ANCA-associated Vasculitides

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) include Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. Given their rarity, protean clinical manifestations, imperfect diagnostic tests, and wide differential diagnosis, they pose a diagnostic challenge even to experienced clinicians. This article describes diagnostic approaches for patients suspected of having one of the ANCA-associated vasculitides. The clinical findings at presentation, the role of laboratory and imaging tests, and the importance of tissue diagnosis are presented. In each section, issues relevant to the differential diagnosis of AAV are discussed.
Arthroscopic Anterior Instability Repair

Advances in arthroscopic techniques and instrumentation have led to the increased success in patient outcomes following arthroscopic instability procedures. The following article will highlight the pearls and pitfalls of arthroscopic anterior instability procedures to improve patient outcomes and minimize complications.
Comparative distribution of carbohydrates and lipid droplets in the Golgi apparatus of intestinal absorptive cells.

Complex carbohydrates have been demonstrated cytochemically in the Golgi apparatus of the rat intestinal absorptive cell by specific stains for acid mucopolysaccharides (4) and for glycoproteins (15) . A staining gradient in the cisternae was observed in these studies, increasing towards one face of the Golgi apparatus, generally referred to as the mature face . In addition, the early accumulation of labeled carbohydrates from radioactive precursors has suggested an involvement of the Golgi apparatus in the synthesis of this product for transport to other positions (2, 6, 9, 14) . In the absorptive cell, much of this carbohydrate is subsequently transported to and incorporated into the surface coat, especially that covering the microvilli . Lipid droplets are common in absorptive cells of animals on a normal diet. In the Golgi apparatus, these droplets are present in varying numbers, depending on the absorptive state of the cell, and they show a preferential accumulation in vacuolar dilations of the cisternae closest to the plasma membrane (7, 11) . There is some evidence to suggest that these droplets represent chylomicrons or lipoproteins formed during lipid absorption and destined for release from the cell along the lateral boundaries (5, 7, 10) . A simultaneous occurrence of carbohydrates and lipid droplets in the Golgi apparatus and their respective distributions have not been demonstrated previously. A bifunctional condition is presently described in which the lipid droplets and carbohydrates are processed primarily on opposing faces of the Golgi apparatus .
Prenatal smoking intervention in managed care settings: the Kaiser Permanente Southern California prenatal smoking project

Smoking during pregnancy is the leading preventable cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality.1 The dissemination of health warnings has been associated with a decline in prenatal smoking over the past several decades.2 3 Yet, approximately one fourth of US women of childbearing age currently smoke and only a third of them will quit for pregnancy.3 4 Women smoking at the time they become pregnant are known as pre-pregnancy smokers. Most women who stop smoking for pregnancy do so on their own before they initiate prenatal care and are called spontaneous quitters. Compared to women still smoking (intake smokers), spontaneous quitters more often are younger, having their first baby, have completed more years of education, are more …
Old Leather: An Oral History of Early Pro Football in Ohio, 1920-1935

In an effort to document a forgotten chapter in the history of professional football, Chris Willis, head of the Research Library at NFL Films, sets out to tell the story of the first fifteen season...
Dude-Sex: White Masculinities and `Authentic' Heterosexuality Among Dudes Who Have Sex With Dudes

Based on examination of an online community in which white `str8'-identified men assert that sex with other white men bolsters their heterosexual masculinity, this article examines the heterosexual and racialized meanings that white str8 dudes attach to their same-sex behaviors. The study points to the role of whiteness in the process of establishing heterosexual `realness', or believable straight culture. Findings indicate that for the white str8 dude, Black male bodies disrupt the staging of normal `male bonding', and occupy a distinctly queerer space `down low'. I argue that in a culture constituted by both a racial and sexual binary, whiteness and heterosexuality are `natural' bedfellows that simultaneously signify the `really, really normal' subject.
Can Accountants Understand Derivatives

Derivatives are the Mata Hari of the global capital markets, says the author of this article. That's because derivatives are mysterious, possibly dangerous, and yet invitingly attractive. When derivatives fail, many people believe it is because accountants do not understand derivatives—despite the pitched battle that has raged over many years between accountants and the derivatives community. Is there clear evidence that accountants do not understand derivatives? And if so, what knowledge is lacking? The author takes a close look at these issues, and also gives you a chance to test your own knowledge of derivatives with a quick quiz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ip-10 Inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor–Induced Motility by Decreasing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mediated Calpain Activity

During wound healing, fibroblasts are recruited from the surrounding tissue to accomplish repair. The requisite migration and proliferation of the fibroblasts is promoted by growth factors including those that activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Counterstimulatory factors in wound fluid are postulated to limit this response; among these factors is the ELR-negative CXC chemokine, interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10). We report here that IP-10 inhibited EGF- and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor–induced Hs68 human dermal fibroblast motility in a dose-dependent manner (to 52% and 44%, respectively, at 50 ng/ml IP-10), whereas IP-10 had no effect on either basal or EGFR-mediated mitogenesis (96 ± 15% at 50 ng/ml). These data demonstrate for the first time a counterstimulatory effect of IP-10 on a specific induced fibroblast response, EGFR-mediated motility. To define the molecular basis of this negative transmodulation of EGFR signaling, we found that IP-10 did not adversely impact receptor or immediate postreceptor signaling as determined by tyrosyl phosphorylation of EGFR and two major downstream effectors phospholipase C-γ and erk mitogen-activated protein kinases. Morphological studies suggested which biophysical steps may be affected by demonstrating that IP-10 treatment resulted in an elongated cell morphology reminiscent of failure to detach the uropod; in support of this, IP-10 pretreatment inhibited EGF-induced cell detachment. These data suggested that calpain activity may be involved. The cell permeant agent, calpain inhibitor I, limited EGF-induced motility and de-adhesion similarly to IP-10. IP-10 also prevented EGF- induced calpain activation (reduced by 71 ± 7%). That this inhibition of EGF-induced calpain activity was secondary to IP-10 initiating a cAMP-protein kinase A-calpain cascade is supported by the following evidence: (a) the cell permeant analogue 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (CPT-cAMP) prevented EGF-induced calpain activity and motility; (b) other ELR-negative CXC chemokines, monokine induced by IFN-γ and platelet factor 4 that also generate cAMP, inhibited EGF-induced cell migration and calpain activation; and (c) the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-8-Br-cAMPS abrogated IP-10 inhibition of cell migration, cell detachment, and calpain activation. Our findings provide a model by which IP-10 suppresses EGF-induced cell motility by inhibiting EGF-induced detachment of the trailing edges of motile cells.
Asymmetries in the conditional relation of government expenditure and economic growth

Previous studies on the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth have, invariably, aggregated periods of strong and weak GDP growth and reported a single government expenditure response coefficient estimate. We argue that traditional test specifications of this relationship suffer from aggregation (or omitted variables) biases by failing to distinguish between diverse economic growth experiences and their impact on government expenditure. We reexamine the evidence concerning Wagner's Law using a proposed conditional test specification that is capable of: (a) separating periods of strong and weak economic growth, (b) accommodating possible asymmetries in the marginal responses of government expenditure to variations in economic growth and (c) distinguishing between positive and negative asymmetries in such responses. We present evidence showing that: (a) the majority of government expenditure responses tend to occur during periods of an economic slowdown characterized by GDP growth t...
Microwave Drying of Borosilicate Gels

Microwave processing was carried out on SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 solutions and gels prepared by sol-gel methods. Monolithic gels were prepared from alcoholic solutions of trimethylborate and tetraethylorthosilicate using a two-step hydrolysis process. A novel technique of Liquid State Processing (LSP) was employed for the first time, and it was found to be faster and more effective than the conventional processing techniques. The structural evolution of the dried products was followed using FTIR. The effect of processing was examined via surface area analysis (BET), electron microscopy, and FTIR. The microwave drying has been compared with conventional oven drying and vacuum drying techniques. Shorter processing times, improved microstructures, and unique properties have been obtained.
Growth of a tectonic ridge during the Landers earthquake

The formation of tectonic ridges by localized vertical uplift along strike-slip faults has long been suspected, but the actual growth of a tectonic ridge during an earthquake has never been documented. During the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake sequence, an awl-shaped, dome-like topographic ridge along the Emerson fault zone increased its height at least 1 m concurrently with 3 m of right-lateral shift across the fault zone containing the ridge. Five deformation vectors within the ridge reveal dilatant behavior in addition to the uplift and shift on boundary faults. 10 refs., 5 figs.
Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan mediates physical interactions between TLR1 and TLR2 to induce signaling

Mycobacteria and their cell wall component lipoarabinomannan (LAM) have recently been established as agonists for TLR2. Our transfection studies with single and pairwise combinations of TLRs 1, 2, ...
A resistive edge treated Gregorian subreflector for a dual chamber compact range measurement system

The performance of a dual-chamber compact range measurement system with a resistive edge treated Gregorian subreflector was studied. It was shown that the resistive edge treated Gregorian subreflector can provide a good-quality target zone. For the best performance, the resistive cards should be as large as possible and should have zero resistance near the basic subreflector edges. For nonzero resistance near the edges, the basic subreflector should be made a little larger. Thus, one may wish to use a somewhat smaller resistive card. >
Studies Should Be Controlled, Randomized, and Blinded

Rigorous assessment of the efficacy and safety of a new therapy requires a concurrent control group, randomization, and blinding. The control group allows comparison with a contemporaneous patient group. Randomization, properly done, avoids systematic bias between treatment groups and should balance other factors, reducing the likelihood of group differences due to patient characteristics. Blinding minimizes the risk of biases stemming from patients' and assessors' beliefs, actions, and hopes about the treatment received. This is critical given the substantial effect that such beliefs can have on outcome, often termed the "placebo effect." New and exciting technologies would probably be particularly susceptible to the placebo effect, making blinding even more critical when studying such treatments.
Suppression of energetic particle driven instabilities with HHFW heating

In plasmas in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) (Ono et al 2000 Nucl. Fusion 40 557) heated with neutral beams, the beam ions typically excite energetic particle modes (or fishbones), and toroidal, global or compressional Alfven eigenmodes. These modes can redistribute the energetic beam ions, altering the beam driven current profile and the plasma heating profile, or they may affect electron thermal transport or cause losses of the beam ions. In this paper we present experimental results where these instabilities, driven by the super-thermal beam ions, are suppressed with the application of high harmonic fast wave heating.
Colonoscopy: why are general surgeons being excluded?

Background: The role of surgeons as endoscopists has been extensively debated in the literature, with conflicting studies published regarding the safety and efficacy of surgeons performing colonoscopies. A multitude of medical federations and societies have set various standards for granting endoscopy privileges, many with a bias against general surgeons [1, 3]. We reviewed the colonoscopy experience at our institution to evaluate differences between gastroenterologists (GI) and general (GS) and colorectal surgeons (CRS) in procedure times and complication and cecal intubation rates. Methods: Between January 2000 and July 2002, 5237 colonoscopies were performed at our institution. The data for procedure times, completion, and complication rates were collected in a prospective database. Complications were defined as perforation, bleeding, and postpolypectomy syndrome. Incomplete colonoscopies due to colitis, poor bowel preparation, or tumor obstruction were excluded. Chi-squared test was used to compare complication and cecal intubation rates between the three groups. Median procedure times were compared using the Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn’s pairwise tests. A significant p-value was defined as <0.05. Results: No differences in the complication rate was noted between the three groups: GI (0.12%), CRS (0.15%), and GS (0.11%) (p = 0.99). There was a trend toward a lower incomplete colonoscopy rate in the GS group compared to CRS and GI: 0.32% vs 0.84% and 0.36%, respectively (p = 0.07). The median colonoscopy times for GS (29 min), however, were shorter than for GI (34 min, p < 0.001) or CRS (31 min, p < 0.001). Conclusion: General surgeons perform colonoscopies expeditiously, with as low a morbidity rate and as high a completion rate as their gastroenterology or colorectal surgery colleagues. As the results of this study confirm, general surgeons should not be excluded from endoscopy suites.
Production, Modification and Bio-Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles Gestated by Magnetotactic Bacteria.

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) were first discovered by Richard P. Blakemore in 1975, and this led to the discovery of a wide collection of microorganisms with similar features i.e., the ability to internalize Fe and convert it into magnetic nanoparticles, in the form of either magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4). Studies showed that these particles are highly crystalline, monodisperse, bioengineerable and have high magnetism that is comparable to those made by advanced synthetic methods, making them candidate materials for a broad range of bio-applications. In this review article, the history of the discovery of MTB and subsequent efforts to elucidate the mechanisms behind the magnetosome formation are briefly covered. The focus is on how to utilize the knowledge gained from fundamental studies to fabricate functional MTB nanoparticles (MTB-NPs) that are capable of tackling real biomedical problems.
Models for Enhanced Absorption in Inhomogeneous Superconductors

We discuss the low-frequency absorption arising from quenched inhomogeneity in the superfluid density r s of a model superconductor. Such inhomogeneities may arise in a high-Tc superconductor from a wide variety of sources, including quenched random disorder and static charge density waves such as stripes. Using standard classical methods for treating randomly inhomogeneous media, we show that both mechanisms produce additional absorption at finite frequencies. For a two-fluid model with weak mean-square fluctuations ^(dr s) 2 & in r s and a frequency-independent quasiparticle conductivity, the extra absorption has oscillator strength proportional to the quantity ^(dr s) 2 &/r s , as observed in some experiments. Similar behavior is found in a two-fluid model with anticorrelated fluctuations in the superfluid and normal fluid densities. The extra absorption typically occurs as a Lorentzian centered at zero frequency. We present simple model calculations for this extra absorption under conditions of both weak and strong fluctuations. The relation between our results and other model calculations is briefly discussed, and their possible relation to experiment is also discussed.
Graph Partitioning by Spectral Rounding: Applications in Image Segmentation and Clustering

We introduce a family of spectral partitioning methods. Edge separators of a graph are produced by iteratively reweighting the edges until the graph disconnects into the prescribed number of components. At each iteration a small number of eigenvectors with small eigenvalue are computed and used to determine the reweighting. In this way spectral rounding directly produces discrete solutions where as current spectral algorithms must map the continuous eigenvectors to discrete solutions by employing a heuristic geometric separator (e.g. k-means). We show that spectral rounding compares favorably to current spectral approximations on the Normalized Cut criterion (NCut). Results are given for natural image segmentation, medical image segmentation, and clustering. A practical version is shown to converge.
High-performance InGaP power HBT technologies for wireless applications

Technological features of InGaP power HBTs for 5 GHz wireless-LAN applications are described. These features include self-aligned device structure, small-sized via-holes located adjacent to each transistor finger, and bias and feedback circuits for the reduction of distortion. These technologies improve both the gain and the linearity of power HBTs, producing high linearity and high power added efficiency in power amplifier MMIC.
Prospective Evaluation of Clonal Evolution During Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Untreated Early-Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Purpose Retrospective studies suggest cytogenetic abnormalities detected by interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) can identify patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who will experience a more aggressive disease course. Other studies suggest that patients may acquire chromosome abnormalities during the course of their disease. There are minimal prospective data on the clinical utility of the widely used hierarchical FISH prognostic categories in patients with newly diagnosed early-stage CLL or the frequency of clonal evolution as determined by interphase FISH. Patients and Methods Between 1994 and 2002, we enrolled 159 patients with previously untreated CLL (83% Rai stage 0/I) on a prospective trial evaluating clonal evolution by FISH. Patients provided baseline and follow-up specimens for FISH testing during 2 to 12 years. Results Chromosomal abnormalities detected by FISH at study entry predicted overall survival. Eighteen patients experienced clonal evolution during follow-up. T...
Rapid isolation of human stem cells (connective progenitor cells) from the distal femur during arthroscopic knee surgery.

Purpose (1) To safely obtain bone marrow aspirates from the distal femur during arthroscopic knee surgery, (2) to purify and efficiently concentrate connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) in the operating room (OR), and (3) to confirm that these are CTPs through their ability to differentiate into bone cells. Methods Bone marrow aspirates were harvested from the distal femur during arthroscopic knee surgery in 26 patients. Twenty-five matched control subjects were selected to evaluate for increased incidence of complications. CTPs were isolated using a rapid method designed for use in the OR compared with 2 accepted methods. Cytochemical and molecular analysis was used to assess osteogenic potential. Results Osteogenic potential of the CTPs was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and cellular staining. Bone marrow was successfully aspirated in 25 cases, with 3 incidences of stiffness in the aspirate group compared with 2 in the control group, 1 incidence of a wound irregularity in the aspirate group compared with 1 in the control group, and 3 incidences of hemarthrosis/persistent effusion in the aspirate group compared with 1 in the control group. The rate of complications for the aspirate group was 36% compared with 25% in the control group. Conclusions Our intention was to develop a technique for extracting and purifying bone marrow so that the orthopaedic surgeon would have a simple, safe, and efficient process by which to isolate CTPs during arthroscopic knee surgery. This method of aspiration did not lead to a significant increase in complications. Further bone marrow aspirate was successfully purified in the OR, with only a slight increase in surgery time, and resulted in a fractionated layer rich with CTPs. These cells showed osteogenic potential, as evidenced by their osteoblastic differentiation. These CTPs may have future use in enhancing the incorporation of the graft into the bone. Level of Evidence Level III, matched case-control study.
Shell model calculations of translational and rotational frictional coefficients

Previous work has shown that it is possible to calculate the translational and rotational frictional coefficients of complex structures by modeling them by a surface shell of spherical elements. The basic equations of this shell model method and its application to spheres, prolate ellipsoids of revolution, proteins, and viruses, are reviewed here. Several new results are also presented. It is demonstrated analytically that the rotational frictional coefficient for a sphere, calculated according to the shell model, agrees with the Stokes-Kirchoff law. The rotational frictional coefficients of right circular cylinders have been calculated by digital computation; end effects are less marked than they are according to a theory of Broersma. Finally, the sedimentation behavior of various geometrical arrays of oligomeric aggregates of spherical subunits has been tabulated, to facilitate application to multichain protein systems.
Coronary hyperperfusion and ventricular function in intact and isovolumic pig hearts.

This study characterized the effect of coronary hyperperfusion on left ventricular (LV) geometry and myocardial vascular and tissue volumes in intact hearts, and tested the hypothesis that ventricu...
Effects of ouabain on neuronal thermosensitivity in hypothalamic tissue slices

To determine the role of the electrogenic Na+-K+ pump in neuronal thermosensitivity, single-unit activity was recorded in rat hypothalamic tissue slices before, during, and after perfusions containing 10(-5) or 10(-6) M ouabain, a specific pump inhibitor. Most neurons were recorded in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus. Some neurons were also tested with high magnesium-low calcium perfusions to determine ouabain's effects on neuronal activity during synaptic blockade. When the neurons were characterized according to thermosensitivity, 24% were warm sensitive, 8% were cold sensitive, and 68% were temperature insensitive. Ouabain increased the firing rate of 60% of all neurons. Ouabain did not reduce the thermosensitivity of cold-sensitive and warm-sensitive neurons; however, temperature-insensitive neurons became more warm sensitive during ouabain perfusion. This increase in warm sensitivity did not occur with ouabain plus high Mg2+-low Ca2+ perfusion, suggesting that Ca2+ is important in this response. These results indicate that the Na-K pump is not responsible for the thermosensitivity of hypothalamic cold-sensitive or warm-sensitive neurons; however, this pump may be actively employed by many neurons that remain insensitive to temperature changes.
Culturally responsive leadership in higher education: promoting access, equity, and improvement

Historically universities have never consistently performed as society’s “market-place of ideas.” Indeed, the history of higher education is also the story of struggles by multiple groups over acce...
Quantitative Determination of Displacements and Strains from Holograms

In this chapter, procedures for quantitative determination of displacements and strains directly from holograms are presented. This presentation begins with the definition of projection matrices and discussion of their application in holographic analysis. Then, system geometries used for recording and reconstruction of holograms are defined in terms of the illumination, observation, and sensitivity vectors. This is followed by a discussion of determination of displacements for the cases when the fringe order is known, when the fringe order is unknown, and when multiple holograms are used. Next, the fringe-vector method, relating the holographically determined strains and rotations to the object surface via the projection matrices based on the object’s local surface normals, is outlined. Finally, recent advances in electronic acquisition, storage, processing, and display of optical interference information is discussed and their implementation in quantitative measurements of displacements, due to static and dynamic loading conditions, is illustrated with representative examples.
Mechanisms of Dendrite Degeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two ends of a disease spectrum. Among the many etiologies for ALS and FTD, the identification of mutations and proteinopathies in two RNA-binding proteins, TDP-43 (TARDBP or TAR DNA-binding protein 43) and its closely related RNA-/DNA-binding protein FUS (fused in sarcoma), raises the intriguing possibility that perturbations to the RNA homeostasis and metabolism in neurons may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Although the similarities between TDP-43 and FUS suggest that mutations and proteinopathy involving these two proteins may converge on the same mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration, there is emerging evidence that FUS mutations target distinct mechanisms to cause early disease onset and aggressive progression of disease. This chapter focuses on the recent advances on the molecular, cellular, and genetic approaches to uncover the mechanisms of endogenous FUS proteins in neural development and neurodegeneration. These findings provide important insights to understand how FUS mutations may perturb the maintenance of dendrites through fundamental processes in RNA splicing, RNA transport, and DNA damage response/repair. These results contribute to the understanding of phenotypic manifestations in neurodegeneration related to FUS mutations and to identify important directions for future investigations.
Priming Patient Safety Through Nursing Handoff Communication: A Simulation Pilot Study:

Understanding how safety culture mechanisms affect nursing safety-oriented behavior and thus patient outcomes is critical to developing hospital safety programs. Safety priming refers to communicating safety values intended to activate patient safety goals. Safety priming through nursing handoff communication was tested as a means by which cultural safety values may affect nursing practice. The mixed-methods pilot study setting was an academic medical center's high-fidelity simulation lab. Twenty nurses were randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a safety priming intervention; all participants were observed for completing appropriate actions in response to patient safety risks embedded in a scenario. Stimulated recall interviews were conducted following simulation completion. Nurses receiving the safety priming intervention performed slightly but non-significantly more safety actions than nurses who did not (60.5% vs. 57.9% of 43 actions). Implications for both research and practice are discussed for interventions targeting routine versus safety goal-directed nursing actions.
Bone graft options for spinal fusion following resection of spinal column tumors: Systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE With the advent of new adjunctive therapy, the overall survival of patients harboring spinal column tumors has improved. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the optimal bone graft options following resection of spinal column tumors, due to their relative rarity and because fusion outcomes in this cohort are affected by various factors, such as radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy. Furthermore, bone graft options are often limited following tumor resection because the use of local bone grafts and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are usually avoided in light of microscopic infiltration of tumors into local bone and potential carcinogenicity of BMP. The objective of this study was to review and meta-analyze the relevant clinical literature to provide further clinical insight regarding bone graft options. METHODS A web-based MEDLINE search was conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, which yielded 27 articles with 383 patients. Information on baseline characteristics, tumor histology, adjunctive treatments, reconstruction methods, bone graft options, fusion rates, and time to fusion were collected. Pooled fusion rates (PFRs) and I2 values were calculated in meta-analysis. Meta-regression analyses were also performed if each variable appeared to affect fusion outcomes. Furthermore, data on 272 individual patients were available, which were additionally reviewed and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Overall, fusion rates varied widely from 36.0% to 100.0% due to both inter- and intrastudy heterogeneity, with a PFR of 85.7% (I2 = 36.4). The studies in which cages were filled with morselized iliac crest autogenic bone graft (ICABG) and/or other bone graft options were used for anterior fusion showed a significantly higher PFR of 92.8, compared with the other studies (83.3%, p = 0.04). In per-patient analysis, anterior plus posterior fusion resulted in a higher fusion rate than anterior fusion only (98.8% vs 86.4%, p < 0.001). Although unmodifiable, RT (90.3% vs 98.6%, p = 0.03) and lumbosacral tumors (74.6% vs 97.9%, p < 0.001) were associated with lower fusion rates in univariate analysis. The mean time to fusion was 5.4 ± 1.4 months (range 3-9 months), whereas 16 of 272 patients died before the confirmation of solid fusion with a mean survival of 3.1 ± 2.1 months (range 0.5-6 months). The average time to fusion of patients who received RT and chemotherapy were significantly longer than those who did not receive these adjunctive treatments (RT: 6.1 months vs 4.3 months, p < 0.001; chemotherapy: 6.0 months vs 4.3 months, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Due to inter- and intrastudy heterogeneity in patient, disease, fusion criteria, and treatment characteristics, the optimal surgical techniques and factors predictive of fusion remain unclear. Clearly, future prospective, randomized studies will be necessary to better understand the issues surrounding bone graft selection following resection of spinal column tumors.
Parallel Computing of Overset Grids for Aerodynamic Problems With Moving Objects

When a store is dropped from a military aircraft at high subsonic, transonic, or supersonic speeds, the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the store can be sufficient to send the store back into contact with the aircraft. Therefore, store separation analysis is used to certify the safety of any proposed drop. Time accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) offers the option of calculating store separation trajectories from first principles. In the Chimera grid scheme, a set of independent, overlapping, structured grids are used to decompose the domain of interest. This allows the use of efficient structured grid flow solvers and associated boundary conditions, and allows for grid motion without stretching or regridding. However, these advantages are gained in exchange for the requirement to establish communication links between the overlapping grids via a process referred to as “grid assembly.” Relatively little work has been done to use parallel computing for time accurate, moving body problems. Thus, new techniques are presented for the parallel implementation of the assembly of overset, Chimera grids. This work is based on the grid assembly function defined in the Beggar code, currently under development at Eglin Air Force Base, FL. The parallel performance of each implementation is analyzed and equations are presented for estimating the parallel speedup. Each successive implementation attacks the weaknesses of the previous implementation in an effort to improve the parallel performance. The first implementation achieves the solution of moving body problems on multiple processors with minimum code changes. The second implementation improves the parallel performance by hiding the execution time of the grid assembly function behind the execution time of the flow solver. The third implementation uses coarse grain data decomposition to reduce the execution time of the grid assembly function. The final implementation demonstrates the fine grain decomposition of the grid assembly through the fine grain decomposition of the hole cutting process. Shared memory techniques are used in the final implementation and appropriate dynamic load balancing algorithms are presented. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Wind enhances differential air advection in surface snow at sub-meter scales

Abstract. Atmospheric pressure gradients and pressure fluctuations drive within-snow air movement that enhances gas mobility through interstitial pore space. The magnitude of this enhancement in relation to snow microstructure properties cannot be well predicted with current methods. In a set of field experiments, we injected a dilute mixture of 1 % carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen gas (N2) of known volume into the topmost layer of a snowpack and, using a distributed array of thin film sensors, measured plume evolution as a function of wind forcing. We found enhanced dispersion in the streamwise direction and also along low-resistance pathways in the presence of wind. These results suggest that atmospheric constituents contained in snow can be anisotropically mixed depending on the wind environment and snow structure, having implications for surface snow reaction rates and interpretation of firn and ice cores.
Reducing Childhood Admissions to the PICU for Poisoning (ReCAP2) by Predicting Unnecessary PICU Admissions After Acute Intoxication.

OBJECTIVE To derive and validate clinical prediction models to identify children at low risk of clinically significant intoxications for whom intensive care admission is unnecessary. DESIGN Retrospective review of data in the National Poison Data Systems from 2011 to 2014 and Georgia Poison Center cases from July to December 2016. SETTING United States PICUs and poison centers participating in the American Association of Poison Control Centers from 2011 to 2016. PATIENTS Children 18 years and younger admitted to a United States PICU following an acute intoxication. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary study outcome was the occurrence of clinically significant intoxications defined a priori as organ system-based clinical effects that require intensive care monitoring and interventions. We analyzed 70,364 cases. Derivation (n = 42,240; 60%) and validation cohorts (n = 28,124; 40%) were randomly selected from the eligible population and had similar distributions of clinical effects and PICU interventions. PICU interventions were performed in 1,835 children (14.1%) younger than 6 years, in 374 children (15.4%) 6-12 years, and in 4,446 children (16.5%) 13 years and older. We developed highly predictive models with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.834 (< 6 yr), 0.771 (6-12 yr), and 0.786 (≥13 yr), respectively. For predicted probabilities of less than or equal to 0.10 in the validation cohorts, the negative predictive values were 95.4% (< 6 yr), 94.9% (6-12 yr), and 95.1% (≥ 13 yr). An additional 700 patients from the Georgia Poison Center were used to validate the model and would have reduced PICU admission by 31.4% (n = 110). CONCLUSIONS These validated models identified children at very low risk of clinically significant intoxications for whom pediatric intensive care admission can be avoided. Application of this model using Georgia Poison Center data could have resulted in a 30% reduction in PICU admissions following intoxication.
Ambient Excitation Based Model Updating for Structural Health Monitoring via Dynamic Strain Measurements

Author(s): Martins, Benjamin | Advisor(s): Kosmatka, John B. | Abstract: Structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies continue to be pursued for aerospace structures in the interests of increased safety and, when combined with prognosis, efficiency in life-cycle management. The current work is focused on developing and validating a method for in-situ health monitoring of aerospace structures. In particular, the current framework has been developed for use with response only vibration data using natural operating turbulence to provide the means of excitation. While the framework is general so as to work with a wide suite of sensor options, particular emphasis has been placed on fiber optic strain sensors as a lightweight, low cost, non-intrusive means of monitoring the vibration response. At its core, the developed SHM system actively monitors a network of fiber optic strain sensors and utilizes the transient response data to calculate their associated power spectral densities (PSD). These PSD serve as the fundamental input to the developed SHM algorithm presented in the dissertation whereby comparisons between previously correlated model PSD and the current measured PSD are made. If anomalies between the correlated model and the measured data sets are detected, the developed SHM algorithm seeks to minimize the difference via updating of structural parameters underlying the structural model of interest (in the case of the presented work, a finite element model of the structure). The SHM algorithm itself is an adaption of a statistical least-squares minimization based in concepts of non-linear parameter estimation and model correlation. The algorithm developed uses power spectra based residual error vectors derived from distributed vibration measurements to update a structural model through statistically weighted least-squares minimization. The output of the algorithm is a correlated finite element model which inherently produces estimates of the location, type, and severity of any detected damage as well as the uncertainty associated with these estimates. Throughout the dissertation the developed algorithm was shown, both analytically and experimentally, to successfully detect, locate, and quantify damage present in a structural system.