cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synchronicity in the 21st Century

We now have an opportunity to bring to bear on the topic of synchronicity over forty years of interdisciplinary work in the sciences and humanities that have occurred since C. G. Jung died. One of the reasons Freud's work has been so much more read and accepted in American universities than Jung's, is that Freud's work was more consistent with mainstream medical, scientific, and cultural assumptions of the 20th century than Jung's. In fact we know that Jung's life and work were attacked as by many as cult-like, mystical, unscientific, and even psychotic. This caused many practitioners who were interested in Jungian psychology to ignore the topic of synchronicity, and develop only the clinical implications of his work. Under these conditions, Jungian work and Freudian work began to converge in practice as others have noted (see, for instance, Homans 1995, or YoungEisendrath 1997). Yet, in this narrower interpretation of Jungian psychology, we lose some of the most dramatic, profound, and challenging implications of his work. I would like to suggest that now we are in an epoch when new theory in the sciences and the humanities makes it possible to link some of Jung's most radical ideas, particularly those connected to synchronicity, with contemporary work going on in diverse fields in the 21st century. In this paper, I hope to explore five questions about synchronicity: 1. What characterizes experiences of synchronicity?
National Survey of US academic anesthesiology chairs on clinician wellness.

Abstract Study objective The prevalence of anesthesiology department wellness programs is unknown. A database of wellness programs is needed as a resource for departments attempting to respond to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Anesthesiology Milestones Project. The purpose of this study was to survey academic anesthesiology chairs on wellness issues, characterize initiatives, and establish wellness contacts for a Wellness Initiative Database (WID). Design An Internet-based survey instrument was distributed to academic anesthesiology department chairs in the United States. Setting On-line. Patients None. Interventions None. Measurements Analysis for continuous variables used standard means, modes, and averages for individual responses; 95% confidence intervals for proportions were calculated by Wilson's method. Main results Seventy-five (56.4%) responses (of a potential 133 programs) were obtained. Forty-one (of 71 responders; 57.8%) expressed interest in participating in a WID, and 33 (44%) provided contact information. Most (74.7%) had recently referred staff for counseling or wellness resources, yet many (79.5% and 67.1%, respectively) had never surveyed their department's interest in wellness resources. Thirty-four percent had a wellness resources repository. Of 22 wellness topics, 8 garnered >60% strong interest from respondents: Addiction Counseling, Sleep Hygiene, Peer Support Program, Stress Management, Conflict Management, Burnout Counseling, Time Management, and Dealing with Adverse Events Training. There was a statistically significant difference in interest between those willing to participate or not in the WID across most topics but no significant difference based on need for recent staff referral. Conclusions The majority of chairs needed to recently refer a department member to wellness resources or counseling. Most were interested in participating in a WID, whereas a minority had gauged staff interest in wellness topics or had a wellness resource repository. Highest interest was in topics most related to function as an anesthesiologist. Those willing to participate in the database had statistically significant differences in interest across most wellness topics.
Are seagrass beds indicators of anthropogenic nutrient stress in the rocky intertidal

It is well established that anthropogenic nutrient inputs harm estuarine seagrasses, but the influence of nutrients in rocky intertidal ecosystems is less clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of anthropogenic nutrient loading on Phyllospadix spp., a rocky intertidal seagrass, at local and regional scales. At sites along California, Washington, and Oregon, we demonstrated a significant, negative correlation of urban development and Phyllospadix bed thickness. These results were echoed locally along an urban gradient on the central California coast, where Phyllospadix shoot δ15N was negatively associated with Phyllospadix bed thickness, and experimentally, where nutrient additions in mesocosms reduced Phyllospadix shoot formation and increased epiphytic cover on Phyllospadix shoots. These findings provide evidence that coastal development can threaten rocky intertidal seagrasses through increased epiphytism. Considering that seagrasses provide vital ecosystem services, mitigating eutrophication and other factors associated with development in the rocky intertidal coastal zone should be a management priority.
Boldness towards novel objects predicts predator inspection in wild vervet monkeys

Although the number of studies documenting animal personalities has increased over the last decade, ecological validations of animal personality traits remain relatively rare in the behavioural ecology literature. I examined whether wild vervet monkeys, Chlorocebus pygerythrus, were consistent in their responses to diverse novel objects, and tested whether experimentally assayed boldness predicted the number of times individuals were observed inspecting naturally occurring snakes at close range. Boldness was repeatable across three novel object tests, and boldness scores were correlated with the number of snake inspections. An additional novel object, a toy lizard, elicited antipredator behaviour and was reclassed as a potential predator stimulus; both novel object boldness and the number of snake inspections predicted approach of this item. Age–sex class differences in boldness and in predator approach and inspection were found to be highly consistent across these different contexts. Subadult males were bolder than adult females and had higher snake inspection counts. These age–sex differences fit well with expected variation in risk–reward ratios of exploratory risk-taking behaviour considered within a life history framework for this species. The results of this study provide a crucial ecological validation of using novel object tests to assay boldness in a wild primate.
The Impact of Oral Promethazine on Human Whole-Body Motion Perceptual Thresholds

Despite the widespread treatment of motion sickness symptoms using drugs and the involvement of the vestibular system in motion sickness, little is known about the effects of anti-motion sickness drugs on vestibular perception. In particular, the impact of oral promethazine, widely used for treating motion sickness, on vestibular perceptual thresholds has not previously been quantified. We examined whether promethazine (25 mg) alters vestibular perceptual thresholds in a counterbalanced, double-blind, within-subject study. Thresholds were determined using a direction recognition task (left vs. right) for whole-body yaw rotation, y-translation (interaural), and roll tilt passive, self-motions. Roll tilt thresholds were 31 % higher after ingestion of promethazine (P = 0.005). There were no statistically significant changes in yaw rotation and y-translation thresholds. This worsening of precision could have functional implications, e.g., during driving, bicycling, and piloting tasks. Differing results from some past studies of promethazine on the vestibulo-ocular reflex emphasize the need to study motion perception in addition to motor responses.
Bioactivation of Xenobiotics in Lung: Role of CYPs and FMOs

The human lung exhibits a number of unique properties that makes it an excellent mode of drug/xenobiotic absorption, as well as a target for toxicity due to bioactivation to toxic metabolite(s). The lung has a very large surface area, a very thin endothelial layer for diffusion intoblood, receives 100%of the cardiac output, and is a complex organofmore than 40 different cell typeswith multiple physiological functions in addition to gas exchange. There have been excellent reviews on this subject (e.g., Dahl and Lewis 1993) and this review is not intended to cover all lung toxicants and all diseases associated with xenobiotic exposure. Certainly there are omissions and examples that could have been included, and the author apologizes in advance for those shortcomings. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with some representative examples of toxicities induced in the lung by activation of xenobiotics. This review will not cover incidences of lung toxicities from exposure to toxic agents not requiring bioactivation, although it is recognized that these events are extremely important from the standpoint of human health; examples would be the Bhopal tragedy, theworst chemical (methylisocyanate) industrial event to date; the continuing cases of mesothelioma, resulting from asbestos exposure; a multitude of lung diseases, including asthma, associated with ozone inhalation or particulate matter; and cancer from inhalation of radon.
Expanding access to biodiversity literature

The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is a consortium of major natural history museum libraries, botanical libraries, and research institutions that cooperate to digitize and make accessible the legacy biodiversity literature. Through an Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS)-funded grant called Expanding Access to Biodiversity Literature (EABL), BHL has adapted its digitization and metadata workflows to accommodate small organizations outside the consortium that would like to contribute unique content to BHL but lack the resources to do so. This requires innovative approaches to ingesting born digital and already-digitized material; training partners on BHL's metadata creation tool, Macaw; expanded copyright metadata and display fields in the user interface; and definition of articles and other bibliographic segments.
Effects of Deep Basins on Structural Collapse during Large Subduction Earthquakes

Deep sedimentary basins are known to increase the intensity of ground motions, but this effect is implicitly considered in seismic hazard maps used in U.S. building codes. The basin amplification o...
Memory performance predicts response to psychotherapy for depression in bipolar disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial with exploratory functional magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Objective This pilot randomized controlled trial compared Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Supportive Psychotherapy (SP) for the treatment of depression in bipolar I disorder. We also examined whether exploratory verbal memory, executive functioning, and neural correlates of verbal memory during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) predicted change in depression severity. Methods Thirty-two adults (ages 18–65) with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder meeting current criteria for a major depressive episode were randomized to 18 weeks of CBT or SP. Symptom severity was assessed before, at the mid-point, and after the 18-week intervention. All participants completed a brief pre-treatment neuropsychological testing battery (including the California Verbal Learning Test-2nd Edition, Delis Kaplan Executive Functioning System [DKEFS] Trail-making Test, and DKEFS Sorting Test), and a sub-set of 17 participants provided usable fMRI data while completing a verbal learning paradigm that consisted of encoding word lists. Results CBT and SP yielded comparable improvement in depressive symptoms from pre- to post-treatment. Better retention of learned information (CVLT-II long delay free recall vs. Trial 5) and recognition (CVLT-II hits) were associated with greater improvement in depression in both treatments. Increased activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right hippocampus during encoding was also related to depressive symptom improvement. Limitations Sample size precluded tests of clinical factors that may interact with cognitive/neural function to predict treatment outcome. Conclusion Neuropsychological assessment and fMRI offer additive information regarding who is most likely to benefit from psychotherapy for bipolar depression.
Feasibility and Performance of Atmospheric-Breathing Propulsion for Mars Descent

Analysis was performed to assess the impact of atmospheric-breathing supersonic retropropulsion as a technology solution for Mars descent. Vehicle models were developed for three architectures, emp...
Multispectral fluorescence-activated cell sorting of B and T cell subpopulations from equine peripheral blood.

Abstract Immune phenotyping of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is commonly described by single or double marker labeling, which limits complex phenotypic descriptions and subpopulation identification. Our objective was to develop a new multispectral flow cytometry protocol to identify and sort equine lymphocyte subpopulations using commercially available, pre-conjugated monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers. Two clones of anti-equine CD8 (CVS8 and CVS21) were compared in combination with CD3. Clone CVS21 bound non-T CD3− cells in addition to CD8+ T cells. Further analysis using co-labeling with CD3 and multiple B cell antibodies revealed that most of these CVS21+CD3− cells were B cells. Clone CVS8 and anti-equine CD4 clone CVS4 only labeled CD3+ cells and were mutually exclusive. To identify equine B-cell subpopulations, anti-equine Pan-Ig (clone CVS36), IgM (clone 1–22), and IgG1 (clone CVS45), as well as anti-human CD21 (clone B-ly4) were tested. Anti-equine Pan-Ig antibody labeled 88 ± 7.6% of CD3− lymphocytes. Anti-equine IgM often produced a continuum of stain intensity of PBMC from several adult horses. Anti- IgG1 and −CD21 labeled overlapping subsets of CD3− cells. Based on these results, combined with conjugate availability, a final panel of anti-CD4 (CVS4), −CD8 (CVS8), −IgG1 (CVS45), and −CD21 (B-ly4) antibodies was used to sort CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD21+ and/or IgG1+ B cells simultaneously. The identity of the sorted populations was confirmed by qRT-PCR for cell lineage markers. The described analysis emphasizes the need for increased availability of reagents and use of multispectral flow for equine immunophenotypic analysis. This new multispectral flow cytometry protocol will facilitate studies on equine lymphocyte responses and will have broad application across studies of infectious and immune-mediated disease.
America Rock’s Education: Presenting National Narratives on American Televisions

In 1995, Schoolhouse Rock Live! opened off-Broadway and went on to enjoy a successful run. As a “jukebox” musical, its score comprised selections from all the classic Schoolhouse Rock genres, ricochetingbetween Science Rock (“Interplanet Janet”), America Rock (“ElbowRoom”), Math Rock (“Three is a Magic Number”), and Grammar Rock (“Unpack your Adjectives”). Since then, the musical has become a popular choice for amateur theater companies around the United States. A large factor in the musical’s success is the strong influence of nostalgia. In the case of Schoolhouse Rock, this nostalgia is not too surprising: the cartoons were a 1970s and ‘80s childhood classic, a family-friendly collection of songs that adult audience members can now pass on to their children. This nostalgia can reverberate generationally as a generation of children develop their own memories of their parents’ childhood television. Schoolhouse Rock’s status as a classic remains unclear, since the generation of children of parents born in the 1960s and ‘70s is only now developing its own culture of nostalgia. Yet Schoolhouse Rock remains strong for the present, in part because it is tied so deeply to the acculturation to U.S. history that has contributed to a generation’s national identity. As such, these stories often receive an uncritical reception from students and grownups remembering their childhoods. Examining these stories in relation to the historical understanding of the time may help to break down the implicit messages in these beloved cartoons. America Rock presents a fairly familiar story to anyone who went through the American public educational system in the late twentieth century. The story of the United States’ founding and expansion in both land mass and population depicted in these videos are central to our idea of American national identity.
Analysis of multiple EMG and acceleration signals of various record lengths as a means to study pathological and physiological oscillations.

Quantitation of pathological and physiological oscillations are of interest to both the clinician and researcher. Power spectral analysis is a technique which allows for quantitation of both signal amplitude and frequency characteristics. For example, computer derived spectra of limb acceleration and demodulated electromyograms are used to define the properties of an oscillation. In addition, cross-correlation analysis (resultant cross-spectra, phase spectra, and coherence values) provides detailed information concerning the correlation between multiple signals: e.g., as to which muscle or muscles are driving an oscillation. We describe these techniques for analysis of pathological and physiological oscillation of the human motor system and suggest ways in which very short segments of data can be analyzed.
Agricultural and Biological Engineering / Eco-Hydrology - Purdue University

The graduate student employs multiple types of data to develop and validate a new application of an existing model, SWAT, traditionally used in assessing environmental impacts. Many of these data types are generated by other students and, as no standardized policies or procedures for documenting, describing or organizing the data are in place, it is sometimes difficult for her to understand and make use of the data. The graduate student is aware of the need for her to consider additional uses of her data by others once she graduates but is not sure how to address this need in developing her own data. As a graduate student, she feels that she lacks the knowledge, experience and position to address the need for common approaches and practices to handling data. Talks on these subjects have begun amongst the graduate students in her lab and things are beginning to improve.
Fungicide Rotation Programs for Managing Phytophthora Fruit Rot of Watermelon in Southeastern United States

About 50% of the watermelons in the United States are produced in the southeastern states, where optimal conditions for development of Phytophthora fruit rot prevail. Phytophthora fruit rot signifi...
Effect of Respiratory Motion Correction in Perfusion Spect Imaging

Respiratory motion is known to cause non-uniform blur in the reconstructed myocardium in cardiac perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which can adversely degrade the detectability of perfusion defects. To deal with this issue, we recently proposed a motion-compensated reconstruction scheme by using acquisitions with amplitude-binning. In this study, we evaluate the potential benefit of respiratory motion correction by quantifying the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the perfusion defects in the reconstructed images using clinical acquisitions. The results demonstrate that with motion correction the CNR is improved to 1.77 from 1.57 (without correction). In addition, there is also an improvement in the spatial resolution of the left ventricular wall. We also investigate the robustness of this reconstruction scheme for reduced dose imaging.
Flexible, Monolithic, High-Density µLED Neural Probes for Simultaneous Optogenetics Stimulation and Recording*

Modern optogenetic experiments require high spatio-temporal resolution stimulation deep in brain tissue. Implantable optoelectrical neural probes with integrated recording electrodes and photonic devices offer unique opportunities for simultaneous electrical recording and optical stimulation of neural activity. Micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) have been used for optical stimulation. However, such µLEDs are mostly fabricated on rigid substrates such as silicon and sapphire. Flexible, polymer substrates are preferred for realizing neural probes that reduce damage to brain tissue. Commercial off-the-shelf LED chips have been packaged in polymer substrates; however, the prohibitively large sizes of such LED chips limit the density of the probes and process scalability. Here, we demonstrate a novel monolithic design in which recording electrodes and GaN µLEDs (30 µm x 30 µm) are realized directly in a flexible, biocompatible Parylene C substrate. Due to its biocompatibility and compliance, Parylene C is widely used as insulation or substrate in neural probes. We demonstrate one-dimensional and two-dimensional individually-addressable µLED arrays that emit blue light at the wavelength of 453 nm for stimulation of Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), with output intensities greater than 15 mW/mm2, well above the threshold for stimulation of ChR2. High-density (400 µLEDs/mm2) two-dimensional electrode arrays are realized on a 3.5 cm x 920 µm flexible probe shank.
What Does a Horgous Look Like? Nonsense Words Elicit Meaningful Drawings.

To what extent do people attribute meanings to "nonsense" words? How general is such attribution of meaning? We used a set of words lacking conventional meanings to elicit drawings of made-up creatures. Separate groups of participants rated the nonsense words and the drawings on several semantic dimensions and selected what name best corresponded to each creature. Despite lacking conventional meanings, "nonsense" words elicited a high level of consistency in the produced drawings. Meaning attributions made to nonsense words corresponded with meaning attributions made by separate people to drawings that were inspired by the name. Naive participants were able to recover the name that inspired the drawing with greater-than-chance accuracy. These results suggest that people make liberal and consistent use of non-arbitrary relationships between forms and meanings. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES: This article has been awarded Open Materials and Open Data badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/8juyc/. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Cemeteries: A Reflection and Epilogue

Cemeteries constitute a viable data source in the absence of more conventional data sources, and they augment traditional data sources when they are available. Their value as intellectual real estate cannot be exaggerated. Yet, cemeteries, especially small, unused, and abandoned, are threatened by, and subject to the vagaries and vulnerabilities of erosive time and weathering, natural disasters, neglect, vandalism, and theft. Though “cut in stone,” gravestone data lack the permanence implied, but there are collective actions that can ameliorate and preserve the cemetery record for posterity.
Estimating demand elasticities for rice in Benin

Rice consumption in Benin is increasing simultaneously with a structural change in consumer demand toward higher quality rice. In this context of changing demands, experimental estimation methods provide an effective way to estimate consumer preferences. We conducted a hypothetical choice experiment in 15 open markets across Benin to analyze the demand for rice and the other staple crops. Our findings indicate that consumer preferences differ across different income groups and between urban and rural households, and that consumers in general are sensitive to changes in rice prices. Lastly, substitution between imported and domestic rice is limited. These findings are relevant for development strategies to foster the growth of the domestic rice industry in Benin.
Group Selection and Opportunities for Gender Diversity in the Judiciary

In the legislative context, there is a persistent empirical relationship between party-list proportional electoral systems and higher levels of gender diversity in office. I apply the logic of part...
UNEXPECTED FINDING DURING MITRACLIP PROCEDURE: IMPORTANCE OF THOROUGH INTRAPROCEDURAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT

Percutaneous mitral valve repair has become an alternative modality to surgery in high risk patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). This case highlights the importance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for thorough evaluation of MR etiology and intervention guidance. A 68-year old
The persistence of stemness

Epigenetic modifications are associated with distinct stages of autoreactive CD8+ T cell differentiation. DNA methylation and chromatin changes guide the acquisition of a memory-like phenotype and sustain prolonged autoimmune effector responses.
Nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase transport and functions in cancer

Signaling functions of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been extensively studied after they were first described in the mid-1980s. Plasma membrane RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and cellular stress stimuli, and regulate cellular responses by activating the downstream effector proteins to initiate a wide range of signaling cascades in the cells. However, increasing evidence indicates that RTKs can also be transported into the intracellular compartments where they phosphorylate traditional effector proteins and non-canonical substrate proteins. In general, internalization that retains the RTK's transmembrane domain begins with endocytosis, and endosomal RTK remains active before being recycled or degraded. Further RTK retrograde transport from endosome-Golgi-ER to the nucleus is primarily dependent on membranes vesicles and relies on the interaction with the COP-I vesicle complex, Sec61 translocon complex, and importin. Internalized RTKs have non-canonical substrates that include transcriptional co-factors and DNA damage response proteins, and many nuclear RTKs harbor oncogenic properties and can enhance cancer progression. Indeed, nuclear-localized RTKs have been shown to positively correlate with cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the functions of nuclear RTKs and the mechanisms of nuclear RTK transport will further improve our knowledge to evaluate the potential of targeting nuclear RTKs or the proteins involved in their transport as new cancer therapeutic strategies.
Fast & accurate interatomic potentials for describing thermal vibrations

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful technique that can be used to study thermal vibrations/phonons and properly account for their role in different phenomena that are important in mechanical engineering, chemistry, physics and materials science. However, despite the widespread usage of MD to study various phenomena, direct comparisons between experiments and simulations are often associated with low fidelity, due to the inaccuracy of the interatomic potentials (IAPs) employed. This issue has become the main barrier to utilizing MD for studying phenomena that depend on or involve atomic vibrations, and subsequently deriving physically meaningful insights. Towards solving this problem, we present a new approach to making IAPs that are specifically optimized to accurately describe thermal vibrations/phonons. The approach enables nearly exact reproduction of ab initio phonon dispersion relations (i.e.,
Does the Contrast Dispersion Pattern During Fluoroscopically Guided Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection Predict Short-Term Pain and Functional Outcomes? An Exploratory Analysis of Prospective Cohort Data

Summary of background data No study has evaluated the relationship between contrast dispersion patterns and outcomes after fluoroscopically guided cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (CTFESI). Objectives Determine whether contrast dispersion patterns predict pain and functional outcomes after CTFESI. Methods Secondary analysis of data collected during two prospective studies of CTFESI for the treatment of refractory radicular pain. Contrast dispersion patterns visualized by true anteroposterior (AP) projections during CTFESIs were categorized by flow: 1) completely external to the lateral border of the neuroforamen (zone 1); 2) within the neuroforamen but without entry into the lateral epidural space (zone 2); and 3) with extension into the lateral epidural space (zone 3). At baseline and at 1 month post-CTFESI, neck pain, arm pain, and "dominant index pain" (the greater of arm or neck pain) were evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS); physical function was assessed using the Five-Item Version of the Neck Disability Index (NDI-5). Results One-month post-CTFESI, neck pain, arm pain, and "dominant index pain" reductions of ≥50% were observed in 39.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.2-51.8), 55.6% (95% CI, 43.0-67.5), and 44.1% (95% CI, 32.7-56.2) of participants, respectively. Regarding "dominant index pain," 72.7% (95% CI, 40.8-91.2), 39.4% (95% CI, 24.2-57.0), and 37.5% (95% CI, 20.5-58.2) of participants reported ≥50% pain reduction when zone 1, zone 2, and zone 3 contrast flow patterns were observed. Contrast dispersion zone was not significantly associated with subgroup differences in neck pain, arm pain, or NDI-5 scores (P>0.05). Conclusion Improvements in pain and function 1 month after treatment with CTFESI did not differ significantly based on the contrast dispersion pattern. Future study is needed to confirm or refute these findings in other procedural settings, in broader patient populations, and with longer-term outcome assessment.
Dalbavancin, Vancomycin and Daptomycin Alone and in Combination with Cefazolin against Resistant Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus in a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model

The most efficacious antimicrobial therapy to aid in the successful elimination of resistant S. aureus infections is unknown. In this study, we evaluated varying phenotypes of S. aureus against dalbavancin (DAL), vancomycin (VAN), and daptomycin (DAP) alone and in combination with cefazolin (CFZ). The objective of this study was to observe whether there was a therapeutic improvement in adding a beta-lactam to a glycopeptide, lipopeptide, or a lipoglycopeptide. We completed a series of in vitro tests including minimum inhibitory concentration testing (MIC) of the antimicrobials in combination, time-kill analysis (TKA), and a 168 h (7-day) one-compartment pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model on two daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS), vancomycin intermediate S. aureus strains (VISA), D712 and 6913. Results from our MIC testing demonstrated a minimum 2-fold and a maximum 32-fold reduction in MIC values for DAL, VAN, and DAP in combination with CFZ, in contrast to either agent used alone. The TKAs completed on four strains paralleled the enhanced activity demonstrated via the combination MICs. In the one-compartment PK/PD models, the combination of DAP plus CFZ or VAN plus CFZ resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) improvement in bactericidal activity and overall reduction in CFU/ml over the 7-day period. While the addition of CFZ to DAL improved time to bactericidal activity, DAL alone demonstrated equal and more sustained overall activity compared to all other treatments. The use of DAL alone, with or without CFZ and the combinations of VAN or DAP with CFZ appear to result in increased bactericidal activity against various recalcitrant S. aureus phenotypes.
Microscopic simulations of laboratory and interstellar ice structure and chemistry

We describe recent simulations of interstellar and laboratory ices using the 3-D, off-lattice microscopic Monte Carlo kinetics model MIMICK. The simulations indicate that interstellar ices are capable of achieving porous structures, dependent on physical conditions. In some cases, such structures may be filled as they are formed, by mobile/volatile species such as H2 that become trapped in those structures. Simulations of laboratory water-ice deposition using MIMICK suggest that an additional non-thermal diffusion mechanism is required to reproduce the high degree of porosity achieved for experimental ices at temperatures less than ~80 K. This mechanism is related to the deposition process itself. Simulations of temperature-programmed desorption of mixed molecular ices are ongoing. The interstellar models have also recently been developed to incorporate a full gas-phase chemistry, coupled with the grain-surface chemistry.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) crop vigor and yield characterization using high-resolution aerial multispectral and thermal infrared imaging technique

Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop grown worldwide for animal feed, green manure, and as a land cover. However, very few approaches exist for timely field scale mapping of crop status, yield and quality attributes for management of inputs, harvest and storage resources, budgeting, crop insurance, etc. This study aims to apply high-resolution aerial multispectral and thermal infrared remote sensing (7 cm/pixel) to characterize above crop attributers. Imaged were two crop cutting cycles in 2018 season. Eight crop vigor index (VI) and a Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) features were derived from collected imagery data. Modified Non-Linear Index (MNLI), Modified Simple Ratio (MSR) and CWSI reliably evaluated the spatial variations in crop vigor and stress traits (Coefficient of variation [CV] in the ranges of 24–69%). Yield was then predicted with indices as predictor variables through nine simple linear regression (LRs, variable: one image feature per model), seven multiple linear regression (MLRs, variables: one VI and CWSI per model), a stepwise linear regression (SLR), a partial least square regression (PLSR) and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models. The SLR, PLSR and LASSO initially used all image features for model training. Amongst simple models, MLR-4 (Variables: MNLI and CWSI) performed the best (Root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.45 kg, R2 = 0.64) and LR-5 (Variable: MNLI) was the second-best model (RMSE = 0.51 kg, R2 = 0.54). The complex SLR, PLSR and LASSO models predicted yield with similar accuracy as MLR-4 (RMSE in the ranges of 0.45–0.46 kg, R2 in the ranges of 0.63–0.64). MNLI (canopy vigor) and CWSI (stress) were significant and sufficient for effective alfalfa crop status and yield prediction for their non-saturation and non-linearity features. Overall, high-resolution aerial remote sensing in the visible-NIR and thermal infrared domain showed potential for site-specific crop monitoring.
Flunking COVID-19 Out of Schools: A Systematic Review of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions to Minimize Novel Coronavirus-2 in Educational Settings

A systematic analysis of almost 500 studies uncovers the breadth of non-pharmaceutical (non-vaccine) interventions that have been previously implemented or tested in an educational setting to reduc...
Are primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty appropriately reimbursed based on relative value units

Abstract Background The number of primary and revision shoulder arthroplasties performed each year continues to increase. Relative value units (RVUs) are currently used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to determine physician reimbursement based on time, effort, and complexity of services rendered. Compared to primary shoulder arthroplasty, revision shoulder arthroplasties are often more technically challenging, have longer operative times, and pose a greater risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. This study aims to compare surgeon reimbursement between primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Utilizing a single institution shoulder arthroplasty database, we identified patients who underwent primary or revision shoulder arthroplasty between February 2011 and December 2013 by a single shoulder and elbow fellowship trained surgeon with over 20 years of experience at the time of data collection. The RVUs for primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty were obtained from the CMS Physician Fee schedule. Physician reimbursement for primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty was calculated using the CMS RVU to dollar conversion factor of $34.8921 per RVU. The RVU was divided by operative time to calculate an RVU/min for primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty. Monetary reimbursement per minute, case, day, and year was subsequently calculated. Results A total of 190 primary and 100 revision shoulder arthroplasties were performed during the study period. Mean RVU for primary shoulder arthroplasty was 22.13 ± 0.00 vs. 26.24 ± 1.10 for revision shoulder arthroplasty (P Conclusion While the RVU/case is higher for revision shoulder arthroplasty, the difference does not account for the additional operative time and complexity compared to primary shoulder arthroplasty. In light of this data, the current RVU reimbursement model should be reevaluated to account for these differences between primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty. Level of Evidence Level III; Retrospective Comparative Study
Chinese Heritage Sites and Their Audiences: The Power of the Past

In Chinese Heritage Sites and Their Audiences: The Power of the Past, Rouran Zhang examines the active agency of tourists and their interactions with local people in the process of constructing the...
Do impact spatters depend on impact velocity, impact energy or impactor shape?

This experimental study investigates the parameters controlling the spatial distribution and size distribution of blood spatter stains. An experimental setup consisting of two cylinders colliding along their main axes is used to produce spatter patterns, under conditions where the impact velocity and kinetic energy of the impact are independently controlled. The resulting spatter patterns are scanned and made available as digital images. Characteristic distributions of stain sizes and stain positions, as well as the number of stains, are measured. The influence of the velocity and kinetic energy of the impact, as well as the shape of the impactor, is quantified and interpreted. An energy analysis is performed and provides a criterion based on dimensionless parameters to determine which impact conditions influence the spatter pattern. High-resolution images of the 19 spatter patterns produced during the study are made available in an open-access repository.
Curbing The Dog of War:The War Powers Resolution

This Article develops a theory of the constitutional allocation of the war power and applies it to the provisions of the War Powers Resolution. It examines the constitutional text and analysis of the respective powers of the President and Congres and suggests the division of all United States military activity into three categories: "peacetime deployments,"war threatening actions," and "acts of war." The Authors argue that military actions in the first category are controlled exclusively by the President, in the second controlled both by the President and by Congress through political interaction, and in the third are implemented by the President but require congressional authorization to be constitutionally valid. It argues that those uses of force requiring congressional authorization are three types of authorization -- express, implied, and presumed -- each of which in specified circumstances satisfy the constitutional requirement that Congress authorize acts of war. Finally, this constitutional theory is applied to the provisions of the War Powers Resolution. The Article demonstrates that the Resolution suffers from a number of constitutional infirmities, and that certain aspects of the Resolution legitimately enhance Congress' ability to control war.
The Fake and the Fatal: The Consequences of Counterfeits

Intellectual property is every bit as important as physical property. For many corporations, intangible assets like brands and trademarks are even more valuable than tangible assets (Hopkins, 2003). For example, the Coca-Cola brand name is far more valuable than the ingredients that go into a can of Coca-Cola (Hopkins, 2003). Businesses expend a great deal of time, energy, and resources to protect their ideas, brands, and identities from counterfeiters and intellectual property infringers. Firms do this not only to preserve their reputations and profitability, but also to prevent the consumer from unknowingly purchasing unsafe, low-quality goods from unscrupulous dealers. A substantial number of governments have enacted laws and treaties that protect legitimate holders of intellectual property and punish infringers in order to protect their citizens and local industries from those who would attempt to usurp the brand names of successful companies.
Aseismic slip and fault interaction from repeating earthquakes in the Loma Prieta aftershock zone

[1] Along creeping sections of the San Andreas and other faults, small asperities in the fault zone load and fail in characteristic repeating earthquake sequences which can be used as subsurface creepmeters. Here, we use these virtual creepmeters to examine and compare deep slip rates on both the northwestern end of the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault near San Juan Bautista and on the nearby subparallel Sargent Fault. While creep on the San Andreas increased dramatically due to static stress changes in response to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the Sargent showed very little immediate response, consistent with Loma Prieta finite slip models that put this section of the fault in a region of less than 3 bar Coulomb stress increase. After about 10 years, the San Andreas creep rate fell back close to the interseismic rate, and variations in creep became coherent in time with the Sargent, indicating a mutual driving force in the system.
Wideband tracking of characteristic modes

An overview of the problem of modal tracking in the discipline of characteristic modes is discussed and results of a proposed solution presented. It is placed in the historical context of mode tracking and alternatives are discussed, with reasons given for why they are not applicable to characteristic modes, requiring the development of a wideband modal tracking algorithm applicable to characteristic modes. The proposed algorithm has been successfully tested over the past few years on over one hundred antennas, enabling the authors to understand its performance and limitations in detail.
Integral Representations in Full Waveform Inversion

The final chapter of the book describes the general principles of full waveform inversion and imaging based on integral representations of scalar and vector wavefields developed in the previous chapters. The integral equation representations and the corresponding linear and nonlinear approximations constitute a powerful tool for seismic inversion and for imaging seismic cross-sections. We show that this method makes it easier to determine the sensitivity matrix, which forms the cornerstone of any inversion algorithm. Also, the integral equation approach provides an analytical insight into the migration transformation, which is one of the most widely used methods of seismic imaging. As in the previous chapters, the discussion is restricted mostly to the fields satisfying wave equations. However, in the last section, we discuss the basic principles of full waveform elastic field inversion.
VR scientific visualization in an immersive room

This paper describes the efforts being carried out at the NRL towards VR Scientific Visualization. We are exploring scientific visualization in an immersive virtual environment: the NRL's CAVE-like device known as the GROTTO. Our main effort has been towards the development of software that eases the transition between desktop visualization and VR visualization. It has been our intention to develop visualization tools that can be applied in a wide range of scientific areas without spending excessive time in software development. The advantages of such software are clear. The scientists do not have to be expert programmers, nor need they make a large investment of time to visualize scientific information in a Virtual Environment. As a result of this effort, we were able to port a considerable number of applications to the GROTTO in a short period of time. These projects cover a wide range of scientific areas and include chemistry, fluid dynamics, space physics and materials sciences. We describe the major technical hurdles we have addressed for interactive visualization of real data sets for real users. Finally we comment on the advantages that immersive systems like the GROTTO offer to the scientific community.
Development of a theoretical model for chromatographic-based competitive binding immunoassays with simultaneous: Injection of sample and label

This study examined the theory and behavior of an HPLC-based chromatographic competitive binding immunoassay with the simultaneous injection of sample and a labeled analyte analogue. Equations based on nonlinear chromatographic theory were derived to describe the calibration curve for this assay in a system with adsorption-limited kinetics and homogeneous binding sites. These equations related the assay response (B/Bo) to the column's binding capacity, the moles of injected analyte or labeled analogue, and the flow rate/adsorption kinetics of the system. There was good agreement between the predicted theoretical response and experimental data obtained for the binding of human serum albumin (HSA) to an immobilized anti-HSA antibody column. This theory was also successful in describing the changes that occurred in the calibration curve when the flow rate or amount of labeled analogue applied to the column was varied. A comparison was made between the results of this study and previous theoretical work that examined the behavior of a related, sequential injection competitive binding method. On the basis of the results reported in this work, several general guidelines were developed for the design and optimization of simultaneous injection methods for use in such areas as clinical testing, pharmaceutical analysis, and environmental monitoring.
The immediacy of eternity: time and transformation in a Roman Catholic convent

(2003). The immediacy of eternity: Time and transformation in a Roman Catholic convent. Religion: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 201-219.
Efficacy and safety of ondansetron in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has become an important therapeutic modality in children with various immunologic, hematologic, and oncologic disorders. Multiple chemotherapeutic agents are used at high doses during the preconditioning period, and these agents often cause nausea and vomiting. Because of lack data, this study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg given intravenously every 4 to 6 hours in children undergoing BMT. A total of 105 treatment days were evaluated for 17 patients receiving ondansetron therapy. For all conditioning agents, complete response (no emesis) or major response (1 to 2 emetic episodes/d) was observed in 41% or 30% of treatment days, respectively; 18% had minor response (3 to 5 episodes/d), and 11% had failures (> 5 episodes/d). Ondansetron was well tolerated. Thus ondansetron 0.15 mg/kg every 4 to 6 hours appears to be effective and safe as an antiemetic drug in children during pretransplant conditioning with chemotherapeutic agents.