cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON TUBERCLE BACILLUS-MONOCYTE RELATIONSHIP : I. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF SERUM OF ANIMALS VACCINATED WITH BCG UPON BACTERIUM-MONOCYTE SYSTEM

Studies of the conditions necessary for maintenance of constant cell populations in vitro in the Mackaness type of culture chamber have indicated the importance of preliminary trypsinization of cells and the beneficial effect of 40 per cent rabbit serum in Tyrode's solution. Under these optimal conditions, uninfected suspensions of monocytes exhibited little change in cell numbers over a period of 40 to 72 hours. Infection of monocytes with the virulent H37Rv strain of tubercle bacillus resulted in an early degeneration of a certain proportion of the cells cultivated in the presence of normal rabbit serum. This degeneration was apparent not only for cells of tuberculin-negative animals but also for those derived from tuberculin-positive animals. The serum of animals vaccinated with BCG exerted a favorable effect upon the survival of monocytes infected with virulent tubercle bacilli. Treatment with this serum caused a delay in degeneration of infected normal cells (cells of tuberculin-negative rabbits) and a complete inhibition of degeneration of infected immune cells (cells of rabbits vaccinated with BCG).
An investigation of the high-frequency form of carbon monoxide chemisorbed on nickel oxide

Abstract Semi-empirical calculations have been carried out with the aim of achieving a better understanding of the CO-NiO interaction which results in an absorption band at a frequency higher than that of gaseous CO. It was concluded that the adsorbed form responsible for this band bonds through the carbon to a nickel ion of the oxide. Rearrangements of both σ and π electronic charge occur which strengthen the C-O bond and increase its vibration frequency (as measured by the C-O overlap population). Charge transfer takes place between the CO and the nickel ion, σ charge shifting to the ion and π charge to the CO. In the cases of Ni (II) and Ni (III), the σ shift considerably outweighs the π, resulting in net transfers of approximately 0.3 electrons from the CO to the Ni (II) and 0.6 electrons from the CO to the Ni(III).
Voltage Fluctuations in a Diode

A thermodynamically consistent microscopic model is used to derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing voltage fluctuations across a diode in the limit of small electron charge. In going to this limit, strong nonlinearities in the diode current characteristic are allowed to persist for voltages in the range of the thermal fluctuations. This requires greater freedom in the choice of the microscopic transition probabilities than exists in other diode models that have been studied. It is pointed out that this added freedom is essential for the achievement of a regime in which the thermal fluctuations are strongly nonlinear while at the same time the charge may legitimately be treated as a continuous variable. The transition probabilities appearing in the master equation are required to be consistent with the thermodynamically correct equilibrium voltage distribution and to satisfy the condition of time reversibility. It is shown that the resulting Fokker-Planck equation is compatible with an equivalent circuit that includes a fluctuating current source having the form of white noise multiplied by a function of the diode voltage. This equivalent noise source has the form of a mathematical representation developed by Hurwitz and Kac for a related stochastic problem.
11.7 A multimodality CMOS sensor array for cell-based assay and drug screening

Cell-based assays are powerful tools to characterize cell- or tissue-specific physiological behaviors under external biochemical stimuli. External biochemical stimuli trigger endogenous cellular mechanisms that produce a cascade of physiological changes, resulting in easily measurable signals [1, 2]. Cell-based assays are widely used for large-scale drug screening in the pharmaceutical industry, where in vitro cultured cells are used to characterize the potency and toxicity of thousands of chemicals, leading to new drug development. This is particularly relevant in individualized medicine as patient-derived cells can test personalized drug responses. However, most current cell-based assays are conducted on single-modality sensors (electrical [3] or optical [4] only), which cannot capture the complexity of multi-parameter physiological responses (Fig. 11.7.1). Sequentially transporting cell samples through different sensor platforms results in low throughput and potential abrogation of cell functions, while parallel monitoring of multiple samples with different modalities is subject to cell-to-cell variation even in a homogeneous cell population.
A Systematic Review of Morbidity Associated with Autologous Breast Reconstruction Before and After Exposure to Radiotherapy: Are Current Practices Ideal?

Purpose The specific aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess outcomes data on complications and aesthetic results associated with autologous tissue–based breast reconstruction performed before or after chest wall irradiation.
THOUGHT DISORDERS IN THE PARENTS OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS: A FURTHER STUDY UTILIZING THE OBJECT SORTING TEST.

Abstract This study is a second, more extensive replication of a study by McConaghy, who found that sixty per cent of the parents of ten schizoprenic patients and at least one parent of each patient in contrast to only nine per cent of sixty-five control subjects recieves scores indicative of pathology in conceptual thinking (scores of 7 or above) on the Object Sorting Test. A first replication by Lidz et al. showed that there was a significant over-all difference between twenty parents of patients and forty-two control parents on pathological scores, but fewer patients' parents and more controls had high (pathological) scores than in McConaghy's sample. It also failed to confirm the finding that at least one member of each patient-parent couple always obtained a high score. The present study, including sixty-eight parents of patients and one hundred and fifteen control parents, was designed to provide a better estimate of the incidence of impaired conceptual thinking in both the patient-parent and control populations and to explore the relationships of sex of parent, age, intelligence, education and occupational level to the test measure of thought disorder. The results showed that the patient-parent group included significantly more individuals obtaining high scores (7 or above) than the control group. However, again, the percentages of low scores in the patient-parent group (forty-nine per cent) and high scores in the control group (thirty-seven per cent) differed considerably from McConaghy's findings (forty per cent and nine per cent respectively); and his finding that at least one member of each patient-parent couple obtained a high score was not confirmed, although there is a strong trend in the predicted direction. The results pertaining to the sex of the parent showed that the obtained differences were primarily due to the significantly greater incidence of high scorers among patients' mothers than control mothers, while the comparisons of patients' fathers with control fathers, control mothers with control fathers and patients' mothers with patients' fathers showed no significant differences. The patient-parent group did not have a greater frequency of high scores than the control group at the lower educational, intelligence and occupational levels apparently because of the greater incidence of high-scoring controls. Thus, the hypothesis of a greater frequency of pathological scores in the patient-parent group is supported only with subjects from higher levels of intelligence, education, and occupation. Possible reasons for the discrepancies from McConaghy's findings and the limitations of this measures as a screening instrument are presented.
Evaluation of Feedback among Multiple Scheduler Profiles in Fuzzy Genetic Scheduling

Abstract This paper extends the earlier studies conducted on multiple scheduler profile in fuzzy genetic scheduling. Multiple schedulers can set up individual fuzzy membership bounds which results in different evaluation of multi-objective problem of single machine scheduling. A new software application enables feedback among schedulers by applying seeding of individual scheduler's population by best chromosomes from other scheduler's population. Few experiments are performed on the aforementioned software application to evaluate the performance of the multi objective single machine scheduling problem by varying the level and frequency of feedback. More improvement is observed as the frequency of the feedback is increased but no significant improvement is observed when the level is increased.
Transcranial Doppler Intraoperative Monitoring during Carotid Endarterectomy: Experience with Regional or General Anesthesia, with and without Shunting

To determine whether continuous transcranial Doppler (TCD) can significantly alter therapeutic conduct during carotid endarterectomy, a retrospective study of 117 carotid endarterectomies was done. There was no perioperative mortality; one perioperative stroke was recorded in a patient who was symptomatic preoperatively. Continuous TCD of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) was attempted in 99 cases, and successful in 90; nine patients (9.1%) had inadequate temporal windows for MCA access. MCA velocities and emboli were recorded before and during carotid cross-clamping, and on clamp release. There were no significant velocity differences between the patients with regional and general anesthesia, and patients with and without carotid shunts, but there was a statistically significant difference in the total number of emboli (air and particulate transients) noted for the shunted and nonshunted patients after clamp release: 12.7 versus 23.6, respectively (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference when particulate and air microemboli were compared. During surgery TCD identified residual flow of less than 40% in the MCA in 17 patients (18.8%). TCD also identified hyperperfusion in two patients, shunt abnormalities in three patients, and influenced postop treatment in four patients, one of whom was returned to surgery. TCD is an important tool for identifying patients who would benefit from a shunt, preventing hyperperfusion, identifying postop emboli, and detecting technical errors.
Recent technological developments in Fischer-Tropsch catalysis

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis is a promising, long-term, option for environmentally sound production of chemicals and fuels from coal. This paper focuses on catalyst and process developments which have occurred in the past decade. It features three important areas of FT catalysis: chemical modifications (additives, promoters, supports, pretreatments, and preparation methods), interception of intermediates (dual functionalism and secondary reactions), and limitation of chain growth by shape selectivity. Fundamental principles of catalyst design are emphasized. Conventional FT catalyst/process technology suffers from the following limitations: (1) limited selectivity for premium products (e.g. olefins, gasoline, and diesel fuel), (2) catalyst deactivation, (3) high capital cost, (4) heat removal, and (5) less than optimum thermal efficiency. Significant progress toward the solution of deactivation, heat removal, and thermal efficiency problems has been realized in the past two decades; with these innovations improvements in process economics of 30–40% are realizable. Of perhaps even greater significance is the progress made during the same period in the understanding of the relationship of catalyst structure to activity and selectivity properties which provides a scientific basis for catalyst design. Some of the key recent improvements in FT catalyst, reactor and process technology which could significantly impact the efficiency and economical production of fuels and chemicals from coal and natural gas are summarized.
Computer-controlled light box with uniform luminance at selectable levels for observer performance studies

A computer-controlled light box (14' X 17') with uniform luminance across the field at selectable levels was assembled as a part of a study to determine the combined effects of brightness and resolution on observer performance. Six horizontal and two vertical hot- cathode type (T8) lamps were used with direct current drive to eliminate flicker. Polarity of the voltage across each lamp is alternated to prevent migration of the mercury to one end. An optical feedback system accurately controls the overall luminance. Silicon detectors monitor the light from the first of two diffusing screens and provide analog feedback for rapid luminance correction. The light box is connected and controlled via the parallel port of the computer that handles observer performance databases and scoring forms. One of three luminance selections is performed by the computer, and a check of luminance is done prior to every case read in the study. The luminance spatial variation is within 5% over the central 80% of the field, and luminance levels are maintained within 5% of the predetermined levels of 225, 75, and 25 ft-L used in the observer performance study. Using conventional technology, uniform luminance across the field at selectable levels is achieved and eliminates potential effects of non-uniformities on observer performance.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
In Support of Rational Conceptualizations of Schizophrenia

Brett A. Clcmentz and John A. SweeneyNew York Hospital-CornellMedical CenterIn their article, "Is Paranoid Schizophre-nia Really Camouflaged Depression?"(April, 1988), ZigJer and Glick proposed"an unorthodox view" of schizophrenia.They suggested "that paranoid schizo-phrenia is not a true schizophrenia but is. .. one of several possible responses to anunderlying depressive mode" (p. 289). Be-cause paranoid schizophrenia and manicpsychosis have overlapping symptoms, andbecause manic psychosis and substanceabuse both can be conceptualized from apsychodynamic standpoint as defensesagainst depression, Zigler and Glick in-ferred that paranoid schizophrenia is adefense against depression. To further jus-tify their conclusion, Zigler and Glickmentioned three parallels that exist be-tween "paranoia" and depression: (a) Bothinvolve a preoccupation with the self, (b)both appear to be very common, and (c)both can be ordered along a continuumof severity (see p. 287).Zigler and Gtick, in attempting to re-move "paranoid schizophrenia" from"schizophrenia," ignored, misinterpreted,and failed to recognize a substantial re-search base bearing on the definition ofschizophrenia. Their argument hinged on(a) an arbitrary and inaccurate conceptionof the disorder, (b) an idiosyncratic deter-mination that the traditional schizophre-nia subtypes are meaningful clinical dis-tinctions, and (c) the false equation ofschizophrenia, paranoid type, with para-noid (delusional) disorder and "goodprognosis" schizophrenia. These difficul-ties will be discussed in turn.Zigler and Glick (1986), in a morecomplete statement of their theory, de-scribed the difficulties that arise whenschizophrenia is diagnosed using onlycross-sectional, Schneiderian first-ranksymptoms, which they asserted "are ...prominent in ... DSM-III diagnoses ofschizophrenia" (p. 101). This argumentled Zigler and Glick to doubt the bound-aries of schizophrenia, the first step in theirattempted reformulation of the disorder.Actually, the Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III;Americar Psychiatric Association, 1980)and the latest revision (DSM-III-R;American Psychiatric Association, 1987)emphasize neo-Kraepelinian criteria(course of illness, flat and/or grossly in-appropriate affect, and peculiarities ofthinking) rather than Schneider's relativelynonspecific psychotic symptoms (Pope L Freedman et
Neandertals and modern humans in Western Asia.

Edited by Takeru Akazawa, Kenichi Aoki, and Ofer Bar-Yosef. 1998. New York: Plenum Press. 552 pp. ISBN 0-306-45924-8. $79.50 (cloth).
Antimicrobial effects of lidocaine, bicarbonate, and epinephrine

The antibacterial properties of local anesthetic agents have been established) Similar antibacterial properties have been demonstrated for epinephrine and bicarbonate, two agents often used in conjunction with lidocaine. 2 We evaluated the antimicrobial effects of lidocaine, bicarbonate, and epinephrine on two common bacterial pathogens and seven fungi often encountered in immunocompromised hosts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The bacteria used in this study were Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fungi included Sporothrix schenckii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus flavus, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, and Fusarium spp. Fungi were cultured for 3 to 4 days and bacteria for 1 day to achieve an exponential growth phase. RPMI 1640, a liquid medium, was used for dilutions. All cultures were diluted to achieve a 0.5 McFarland standard. A McFarland standard is a method by which a uniform turbidity of organisms is achieved as measured with a spectrophotometer. The standards were diluted 1:10 and 1:100 (inoculum size of approximately 103) for fungi and an additional 1:10 (inoculum size approximately 102 ) for bacteria. For each organism, equal portions of the dilution and test solution were combined and incubated at room temperature for 1, 2, and 4 hours. Suspensions without the test solutions were prepared in a similar manner and used as controls. At the end of each incubation period, 10 ~tl samples were plated on Sabouraud's agar (fungi) or Tsoy agar (bacteria) and incubated at room temperature (25 ° C) until colonies appeared. The colonies were counted and recorded. Concentrations of lidocaine tested included 1%, 0.5%, and 0.1%. Concentrations of bicarbonate tested
LISP: a laser imaging simulation package for developing and testing laser vision systems

The difficulties commonly encountered in developing laser imaging technologies are: (1) high cost of the laser system, and (2) time and cost involved in modeling and maneuvering a physical environment for the desired scenes. In contrast to the real imaging systems, computer generated laser images provide researchers with fast, accurate, cost-effective data for testing and developing algorithms. The laser imaging simulation package (LISP) described in this paper provides an interactive solid modeler that allows users to construct the artificial environment by various solid modelling techniques. Two fast ray tracing algorithms were developed and discussed in this paper for generating the near realistic laser data of any desired scene. These computer generated laser data facilitates the researchers in developing laser imaging algorithms. Thus, LISP not only provides an ideal testbed for developing and testing algorithms, but also an opportunity to explore the limitation of laser imaging applications.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rats and humans differ in processing collinear visual features.

Behavioral studies in humans and rats demonstrate that visual detection of a target stimulus is sensitive to surrounding spatial patterns. In both species, the detection of an oriented visual target is affected when the surrounding region contains flanking stimuli that are collinear to the target. In many studies, collinear flankers have been shown to improve performance in humans, both absolutely (compared to performance with no flankers) and relative to non-collinear flankers. More recently, collinear flankers have been shown to impair performance in rats both absolutely and relative to non-collinear flankers. However, these observations spanned different experimental paradigms. Past studies in humans have shown that the magnitude and even sign of flanker effects can depend critically on the details of stimulus and task design. Therefore either task differences or species could explain the opposite findings. Here we provide a direct comparison of behavioral data between species and show that these differences persist -- collinear flankers improve performance in humans, and impair performance in rats -- in spite of controls that match stimuli, experimental paradigm, and learning procedure. There is evidence that the contrasts of the target and the flankers could affect whether surround processing is suppressive or faciliatory. In a second experiment, we explored a range of contrast conditions in the rat, to determine if contrast could explain the lack of collinear facilitation. Using different pairs of target and flanker contrast, the rat’s collinear impairment was confirmed to be robust across a range of contrast conditions. We conclude that processing of collinear features is indeed different between rats and humans. We speculate that the observed difference between rat and human is caused by the combined impact of differences in the statistics in natural retinal images, the representational capacity of neurons in visual cortex, and attention.
Relational skill assets and anti-immigrant sentiments

Abstract This study introduces the role of relational skill assets in accounting for attitudes toward immigrants: relational skill assets. Drawing upon stratification researchers’ notion of “non-cognitive skills,” we build a theoretical framework highlighting the role of occupational skill requirements in explaining anti-immigrant sentiment. Then, utilizing two occupation-specific measures, interpersonal skill requirement and instrumental skill requirement, we construct an explanatory factor, relational skill specificity. We test its effect on anti-immigrant attitudes as well as on the concentration of foreign-born workers in occupations, using the 2004 national identity module of General Social Survey. The findings confirm our argument that workers with a higher possession of interpersonal skill assets relative to instrumental skill assets are exposed to less intense competitions with immigrants, and are therefore less likely to express anti-immigrant sentiments. Our findings suggest that occupational-level relational skill assets based on sociocultural differences play an important role in shaping native workers’ attitudes’ toward immigrants.
Real-time quantitative visualization of 3D structural information

We demonstrate a novel approach for the real time visualization and quantification of the 3D spatial frequencies in an image domain. Our approach is based on the spectral encoding of spatial frequency principle and permits the formation of an image as a color map in which spatially separated spectral wavelengths correspond to the dominant 3D spatial frequencies of the object. We demonstrate that our approach can visualize and analyze the dominant axial internal structure for each image point in real time and with nanoscale sensitivity to structural changes. Computer modeling and experimental results of instantaneous color visualization and quantification of 3D structures of a model system and biological samples are presented.
Headache and Oral Parafunctional Behaviors

This study tested the hypotheses that individuals with headaches would show significantly more oral parafunctional behaviors than non-headache controls, be diagnosed with one or more temporomandibular disorders (TMD) significantly more frequently than controls, and would report significantly less pain and other symptoms of headache after participating in a habit reversal treatment to reduce oral parafunctional behaviors, compared to a wait list control. In Phase I, individuals with and without self-reported headaches were examined by a blinded examiner and participated in a week-long experience sampling protocol (ESM) to assess oral parafunctional behaviors, pain, and emotional states. In Phase II, those with headaches were randomly assigned to either a habit reversal treatment or to a wait list control group. In the last, sixth week of the program, participants again completed an ESM protocol. Results showed that headache patients were significantly more likely to report oral parafunctional behaviors than non-headache controls and to receive a Research Diagnostic Criteria/TMD diagnosis. Results from Phase II showed general improvement in both groups on pain and parafunctions. Individuals with headaches engage in significantly higher rates and intensities of oral parafunctional behaviors. Treatment of these behaviors using habit reversal techniques appears to have the same effect on pain as waiting.
On using spreadsheets to model decision problems

Abstract This paper presents two applications suitable for introducing and effectively demonstrating the power of simulation in the decision making process. These applications are based on a general model developed initially for queueing problems which readily yields itself to most problems to be studied by simulation. Some two years of classroom experience at both undergraduate and graduate levels are drawn on in the discussion and extensions and enhancements of the model are proposed.
The behavior of the stock market in a developing economy

Abstract Applying Granger-type causality along with Akaike's final-prediction-error criterion on the Indian data over 1948–1984, this paper finds a significant causal (lagged) relationship between stock returns and some selected macro variables, including money supply, implying market inefficiency in the semi-strong sense.
Paradoxical effects of pregnancy on mammary tumor progression in C3(1)/Tag transgenic mice: correlations to human breast cancer. |[dagger]| 657

The directed expression of SV40 Tag to mammary epithelial cells by the rat hormone-responsive C3(1) 5O flanking region leads to the development of mammary adenocarcinomas in 100% of females and death by 6 months of age. Tumors arise primarily from ductal cells where hyperplastic foci are first seen as early as 2 months of age and progress to invasive carcinomas over several months. Mammary tumor progression in this model does not appear to be highly estrogen dependent, as mice ovariectomized at three weeks of age develop mammary tumors with similar frequency and time of onset as control transgenic mice. Animals which become pregnant shortly after the appearance of the first mammary tumor nodule appear to demonstrate a significant delay in the development of additional mammary tumor foci, although existing tumors appear to shown accelerated growth as measured by tumor volume. Histopathological analyses reveal that the majority of early hyperplastic lesions regress during pregnancy, whereas existing carcinomas continue to grow during pregnancy. These phenomena correlate with the expression of Tag. We conclude that in C3(1)/Tag transgenic mice: 1) preneoplastic mammary lesions are reversible during pregnancy; 2) existing mammary tumors appear more aggressive during pregnancy. This transgenic model may be useful for understanding how pregnancy reduces the risk of developing breast cancer in humans and why breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is often more aggressive than that observed in non-pregnant women. Possible mechanisms to explain these results will be presented.
Competitive antagonism between norepinephrine and propranolol.

Der Einfluss von Propranolol, einem neuenΒ-adrenergischen Blockierungsmittel, auf die Wirkung von Noradrenalin auf die Myokardkontraction wurde an isolierten Meerschweinchenventrikelstreifen studiert. Dabei wurden Indizien fur einen kompetitiven Antagonismus beigebracht.
Tunable bandwidth microring resonator filters

Tunable bandwidth, tunable line-shape filters are realized by incorporating Mach-Zehnder interferometers as directional coupler elements within higher order microring resonators. A flat-top bandwidth tuning range of 2.7 GHz to 21 GHz is demonstrated.
Silicon monolithic I. C. latch for light-emitting diode displays

A PNPN latch is an attractive solution for incorporating memory functions in solid state displays, since it consumes power only in the "on" condition. Light-emitting diodes, incorporated into a four-layer PNPN latch, so that the memory and light-emitting device are an integral part of the same structure had been proposed (1). Recent work (2) resulted in a numeric display using a hybrid assembly of GaAs x P 1-x light-emitting diode (LED) sources and silicon monolithic I. C.'s are drivers. This paper deals with design of a array of latch type of memory elements for use with GaAs x P 1-x LED's fabricated in silicon monolithic I.C. form.
Angular remodeling in single stent-assisted coiling displaces and attenuates the flow impingement zone at the neck of intracranial bifurcation aneurysms.

BACKGROUND Self-expanding intracranial stent-assisted coiling of bifurcation aneurysms has recently been shown to straighten target cerebral vessels, a phenomenon with unknown hemodynamic effect. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of angular remodeling in aneurysms treated with single stent-assisted coiling with the use of computational fluid dynamic techniques. METHODS Fourteen patients (7 women, mean age 55) who underwent stent coiling of 14 wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms were included based on the availability of high-resolution 3-dimensional rotational angiography. Pretreatment data sets underwent virtual aneurysm removal to isolate the effect of stenting. Wall shear stress and pressure profiles obtained from constant flow input computational fluid dynamic analysis were analyzed for apical hemodynamic changes. RESULTS Stenting increased the bifurcation angle with significant straightening immediately after treatment and at follow-up (107.3° vs. 144.9°, P < .001). The increased stented angle at follow-up led to decreased pressure drop at the bifurcation apex (12.2 vs. 9.9 Pa, P < .003) and migration of the flow impingement zone (FIZ) toward the contralateral nonstented daughter branch by a mean of 1.48 ± 0.2 mm. Stent-induced angular remodeling decreased FIZ width separating peak apical wall shear stress (3.4 vs. 2.5 mm, P < .004). Analysis of FIZ distance measured from the parent vessel centerline showed it to be linearly (r = .58, P < .002) and FIZ width inversely correlated (r = .46, P < .02) to vessel bifurcation angle. CONCLUSION Stent-induced angular remodeling significantly altered bifurcation apex hemodynamics in a favorable direction by blunting apical pressure and inducing the narrowing and migration of the FIZ, a novel response to intracranial stenting that should be added to intimal hyperplasia and flow diversion.
Correction Factors For The Longitudinal And Transverse Dimensions Of X-Ray Tube Focal Spots

Correction factors are computed for pinhole images of x-ray tube focal spots to be applied along the anode-cathode dimension and the dimension perpendicular to the anode-cathode axis. These correction factors are based upon comparison of MTF's of focal spots with uniform intensity distribution to the MTF's of focal spots with single and double peaked intensity distributions.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
THE CONSERVATISM SCALE AND THEOLOGICALLY CONSERVATIVE PASTORS

Summary.-Previous research with clergymen indicates a positive relationship between theological position (conservative-liberal) and the related construm dimension for authoritarianism, dogmatism, and conservatism. This study extends Wilson and Patterson's research of conservatism in New Zealand by examining the responses to their Conservatism Scale by theologically conservative pastors (Assemblies of God) in the United States. The data indicate the pastors were a very homogeneous group of males with reference to general conservatism, as Wilson and Patterson would predict. Theological conservatism may have had the effect of restricting variability of Conservarism scores. The constructs of general conservatism, as measured by the Conservatism Scale, and theological conservatism may be very similar. The constructs of authoritarianism ( 1 ), dogmatism (5), and conservatism (7) have been examined empirically in reference to clergymen. Positive correlations between these personality constructs and theological position have frequently been reported (2, 3, 4, 6). For example, theological conservatism was significantly correlated with high levels of prejudice, authoritarianism, submission, and conventionalism in Ranck's (3) srudy of seminary students. Most of these studies were conducted with clergymen from either one or several major, prominent denominations in which theological conservatism-liberalism varied within the denomination. Little research has been reported with fundamental and pencecostal pastors whose denomination is theologically conservative. This paper describes a study in which the Conservarism Scale developed by Wilson and Patterson (7) was mailed to 111 Assemblies of God pastors in one geographic region of a southwestern state as part of a larger srudy of pastoral counseling. Each pastor also completed a brief survey form which provided descriptive data for 23 demographic, educational, socioeconomic, and counseling variables. Seventy-three usable tests were returned. All of the pastors were males, their ages ranged from 24 to 79 yr.; the median age was 39 yr The pastors were all theologically conservative, according to the clssification employed by Ranck (3) and Stanley (6), as judged by the content of the statement of faith annually endorsed by all active clergymen in the denomination. The 50-item Conservatism Scale has the advantages of brevity, clarity, acceptably high reliability and validity data, and ease of scoring (7). Slight modification of three items were made to improve their relevance for this culture. The mean score (M), standard deviation (SD), and sample size (N) are reported in Table 1 for the pastors in a comparison with the standardization groups presented by Wilson and Patterson (7). Despite the much larger N, the SD for present pastors was numerically smaller. The means for Gideons, an evangelical layman's group involved in distribution of Bibles, and the pastors are predictably similar, with a nonsignificant difference between the groups when evaluated by a t test.
Catalytic solid-phase seeding of silicon nanowires by nickel nanocrystals in organic solvents.

Colloidal nickel (Ni) nanocrystals were used to direct the synthesis of crystalline silicon (Si) nanowires in an organic solvent. The reaction temperatures ranged from 400 °C to 520 °C with pressures from 14.3 to 23.4 MPa, conditions that are well above the critical point of the solvent. The Ni nanocrystals play two roles in the synthesis: (1) Ni catalyzes the decomposition of the silicon precursors, i.e., arylsilanes, alkylsilanes, and trisilane, to silicon; (2) Ni nanocrystals induce silicon crystallization through the solid-phase alloying of Si in the Ni seeds. We call this nanowire growth mechanism supercritical fluid−solid−solid (SFSS) synthesis.
Histone demethylase JARID1B/KDM5B is a corepressor of TIEG1/KLF10.

JARID1B/KDM5B (jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B/lysine-specific demethylase 5B) is an enzyme that efficiently removes methyl residues from trimethylated lysine 4 on histone H3, a pivotal mark for active chromatin. TIEG1/KLF10 (transforming growth factor-β inducible early gene-1/Kruppel-like transcription factor 10) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that is involved in bone metabolism and exerts antiproliferative activity. Here, we found that TIEG1 interacts with JARID1B. In particular, the repression domains of TIEG1 bind to the C-terminus of JARID1B. Moreover, overexpression of JARID1B augments TIEG1 to repress transcription of Smad7, an inhibitor of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling pathway. Conversely, JARID1B knock-down leads to increased Smad7 mRNA levels. Thus, TIEG1 and JARID1B may cooperate to suppress tumorigenesis by enhancing TGF-β signaling. Notably, both TIEG1 and JARID1B are downregulated in melanomas, suggesting that they indeed cooperate physiologically. In conclusion, JARID1B is the first TIEG1 corepressor identified, explaining how TIEG1 represses transcription through inducing histone H3 lysine 4 demethylation, which may be important for TIEG1 function in both normal and cancer cells.
Wood characteristics and enzymatic saccharification efficiency of field-grown transgenic black cottonwood with altered lignin content and structure

The impact of field-grown transgenic trees on wood characteristics and enzymatic saccharification was evaluated. Genes 4CL and CAld5H were down regulated or overexpressed to modify the lignin content or structure (S/V ratio) on black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Nisqually-1). These transgenic trees were grown in the real environment and evaluated after 2 and 3 years. The results exhibited that the lignin content for most of the transgenic black cottonwoods increased compared to their initial lignin content when grown inside the greenhouse. The lignin contents approached those of the wild types. Acid and green-liquor pretreatments were applied to the transgenic wood saw dust samples. Cellulase mediated saccharifications were then conducted for the pretreated and untreated samples. Sugar yield and carbohydrate saccharification efficiency of the enzymatic saccharification for most of the transgenic trees were observed to be higher than those of the wild types even though their lignin contents became similar.
Aggressive resource reservation for OBS systems

The aggressive reservation strategy in optical burst switching systems is investigated. A success probability - driven algorithm and a bandwidth-utilisation-driven algorithm are proposed to facilitate the authors' recently proposed forward resource reservation transmission scheme. The principles and the theoretical analysis of these two algorithms are presented and, their performance is compared with respect to the reservation success probability and the bandwidth usage efficiency. Simulation results have validated the algorithms and the analysis.
Radially fractured domes: A comparison of Venus and the Earth

Radially fractured domes are large, tectonic and topographic features discovered on the surface of Venus by the Magellan spacecraft. They are thought to be due to uplift over mantle diapirism, and to date are known to occur only on Venus. Since Venus and the Earth are grossly similar in size, composition and structure, we seek to understand why these features have not been seen on the Earth. We model the uplift and fracturing over a mantle diapir as functions of lithospheric thickness and diapir size and depth. We find that lithospheres of the same thickness on the Earth and Venus should respond similarly to the same sized diapir, and that radially fractured domes should form most readily in thin oceanic lithospheres on Earth if diapiric activity is similar on the two planets. However, our current knowledge of the Earth's oceanic floors is insufficient to confirm or deny the presence of radially fractured domes. We compute the expected dimensions for these features on the Earth and suggest a search for them to determine whether mantle diapirism operates similarly on the Earth and Venus.
Genetic deletions of glutathione-S-transferase as a risk factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a preliminary report.

Purpose: To test whether genetic deletions of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) are associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx. GST are a group of detoxifying enzymes that may help reduce the risk of developing cancer in response to environmental carcinogens. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, found in high concentration in cigarette smoke, are known carcinogens especially for SCC of the larynx. Individuals with absolute or relative deficiency of the GST enzyme system may therefore be at a higher risk of developing laryngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Genotyping for GST-M1 and GST-T1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on fresh frozen tissue specimens of 20 patients with SCC of the larynx and on 20 control subjects with a similar smoking history. Because this assay results in the absence of a PCR product in individuals expressing the GST-M1/GST-T1 null genotype, oligonucleotide primers that amplify a portion of the albumin gene were included in a multiplex PCR as a positive control for DNA quality and PCR conditions. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: GST-M1 gene was deleted in 80% of patients with laryngeal SCC and in 50% of control subjects (P <.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of GST-T1 gene deletion in patients with SCC of the larynx and control subjects. Conclusion: GST-M1 gene deletion was significantly associated with SCC of the larynx and may produce a risk for this particular disease. (Am J Otolaryngol 2001;22:121-123. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company)
Revision of the Failed Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a popular procedure for focal osteoarthritis involving a single compartment of the knee. Despite good intermediate-term results and evidence that long-term survivorship approaches that of total knee arthroplasty, there remains concern about the durability of the construct, and the potential complexity of reconstruction following ultimate failure of a UKA. Modern designs that focus on bone preservation and proper alignment of the implants result in lower failure rates and less bone loss associated with such failures. Consequently, evidence suggests that when a unicompartmental replacement has become symptomatic, it can be successfully and more readily revised to total knee arthroplasty with excellent results. Understanding the mode of failure and the resultant bone and ligamentous defects guides reconstructive options. An algorithmic approach to the failed UKA is most likely to give rise to a successful outcome.
Harmonic analysis for graph refinements and the continuous graph FFT

The discrete Fourier transform and the FFT algorithm are extended from the circle to continuous graphs with equal edge lengths.
The relation between terrorism and domestic civil disorders

Abstract Students of civil disorder in the United States look to such events for signs of an incipient tradition in the growth of urban terrorism, but the relation between these two forms of collective violence remains unclear. By examining the evolution of civil violence in New York City for nearly three hundred years, one gains a better grasp of the historically conservative nature of collective violence in this country and the conditions under which it could change into a more threatening tradition of political terrorism.
Community Context and Healthcare Quality: The Impact of Community Resources on Licensing and Accreditation of Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies

This study examines variation in healthcare quality among substance abuse treatment agencies. Using an organizations framework, the authors predict that resource advantages benefit certain types of healthcare organizations, especially those located in affluent communities. As a result, levels of licensing and accreditation of substance abuse treatment agencies will differ across United States counties. The authors model these resources at both the organizational and community levels in an effort to understand the variability of licensing and accreditation between agencies and their local contexts. In multivariate models, the findings confirm that organizational characteristics such as private ownership (compared to public ownership), managed care contracts, inpatient and residential programs (compared to outpatient settings), as well as socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and healthcare system advantage promote higher levels of licensing and accreditation. Public ownership and outpatient settings, as well as socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and healthcare system disadvantage, are associated with lower levels of licensing and accreditation.
Study of surface reactions during plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 from SiH4, O2, and Ar plasma

In situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed in proposing possible surface reaction mechanisms during plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 from a mixture of SiH4, O2, and Ar in a helical resonator plasma reactor. Infrared spectra taken during the oxide deposition revealed that the oxide surface is covered with OH when the deposition is conducted with a low SiH4 to O2 ratio (≪1). Both associated hydroxyls (SiOHassoc) and isolated hydroxyls (SiOHisol) were detected on the surface during growth. Two kinds of OH attached to Si exist on the surface: weakly bound OH that thermally desorb at 250 °C and strongly bound OH that desorb under ion bombardment. The thermal removal of weakly bound OH does not lead to SiO2 formation, but the ion‐assisted removal of strongly bound OH by Ar+ ion bombardment results in oxide growth via the reaction 2SiOH(s)+Ar+→Si–O–Si(s)+H2O(g)+Ar+. Experiments undertaken to delineate the possible heterogeneous reaction paths between...
A phase II study of the gamma secretase inhibitor RO4929097 in patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Purpose The notch pathway is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. RO4929097, an oral inhibitor of the γ-secretase enzyme has been safely given as a single agent in patients with advanced solid tumors. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RO4929097 in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA). Methods A two-stage, single-arm Phase II trial was conducted in patients with previously treated metastatic PDA. RO4929097 was administered at a dose of 20 mg daily on days 1–3, 8–10 and 15–17 of 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was survival at 6 months. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), response rate, toxicities, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses. Results Eighteen patients were recruited, 17 in the first stage and one in the 2nd stage. It was decided to stop further enrollment after RO4929097 was discontinued by the sponsor and was no longer a development candidate. Three (25 %) of 12 evaluable patients achieved stable disease. The 6-month survival rate was 27.8 % (95 % CI 9.7–53.5). The median OS was 4.1 months (95 % CI 2.7–5.8 months) and median progression-free survival was 1.5 months (95 % CI 1.3–1.6 months). Pharmacokinetic properties of RO4929097 in patients (n = 5) with PDA was similar to that previously reported in other patient populations. There was a trend towards a decrease in HeyL (p = 0.08) gene expression in three patients following study drug administration. Conclusions RO4929097 was well-tolerated in patients with previously treated PDA. Development of RO4929097 has been discontinued, but development of other notch-targeting agents in pancreatic cancer is continuing.
Probabilistic Models of Object Geometry with Application to Grasping

Robot manipulators typically rely on complete knowledge of object geometry in order to plan motions and compute grasps. However, when an object is not fully in view it can be difficult to form an accurate estimate of the object's shape and pose, particularly when the object deforms. In this paper we describe a generative model of object geometry based on Mardia and Dryden's âProbabilistic Procrustean Shapeâ, which captures both non-rigid deformations and object variability in a class. We extend their shape model to the setting where point correspondences are unknown using Scott and Nowak's COPAP framework. We use this model to recognize objects in a cluttered image and to infer their complete two-dimensional boundaries with a novel algorithm called OSIRIS. We show examples of learned models from image data and demonstrate how the models can be used by a manipulation planner to grasp objects in cluttered visual scenes.