cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression of a neuron-specific beta-tubulin in frog (Xenopus laevis): a marker for growing axons during the embryonic period.

In mammals, there are seven classes of β-tubulin genes, one of which, class III, is neuron specific. Using class-specific monoclonal antibodies, class III β-tubulin protein could not be detected in frog embryos or in adults with either Western blotting or immunohistochemical techniques. In contrast, the class II β-tubulin protein, which is predominant in mammalian brain but is also expressed in other tissues, is expressed only in neurons in frog embryos. Protein was detected only in neurons from late stages of neural tube closure through premetamorphic stages. At stages 21–28, the pioneering axons of Rohon-Beard, commissural, primary motor, and trigeminal ganglion neurons were distinctly stained in the axon scaffolds that they formed in the embryonic brain and the peripheral mesenchyme. Nonneuronal cells, both outside the nervous system and within it (e.g., radial glia, Muller glia, roof plate, and floor plate cells) were not immunoreactive. Throughout swimming and premetamorphic stages, neuronal cells in all brain regions became immunoreactive as they differentiated and extended axons. Whereas many embryonic neurons became postmitotic during gastrulation stages, neurons expressed detectable levels of class II β-tubulin protein only beginning at the onset of overt axon outgrowth. These observations demonstrate that the neuron-specific β-tubulin in frog is a different gene from that in mammals, and its protein product is detectable at the time of axonogenesis rather than neurogenesis. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A study of the effect of haze upon Umkehr measurements

The effect of atmospheric haze upon Umkehr observations is calculated in two ways. First, observed Umkehr curves are compared with computed Umkehr curves reconstructed from simultaneous direct soundings of the vertical ozone distribution. The difference between the two curves gives the ‘experimental’ haze effect. In the second method, Umkehr curves are computed for model atmospheres with and without haze, the difference giving a ‘theoretical’ haze effect. When the two haze-effect curves are normalized to zero for a solar zenith angle of 60°, both exhibit the same characteristics, viz., the ‘correction’ to be subtracted from an observed (with haze) curve is negative at all solar zenith angles, the correction reaches a maximum near 81°, and there is a second small reversal near 87–88°. Application of the derived haze corrections in the Umkehr evaluation procedure results in slightly higher ozone content at and just below the main maximum and slightly lower ozone content elsewhere.
Differences in evaluations of communication channels for cancer-related information.

This study examined women's evaluations of communication channels which are major carriers of cancer-related information. A sample of women over 40 (n=395) was asked which channels they had received cancer-related information from within the last year and what their evaluations were of these channels in terms of three dimensions: editorial tone (credibility), communication potential (presentation and style), and utility. Various statistical analyses revealed significant interactions between evaluations and channels and significant main effects for channels and for evaluations. Additional post hoc comparisons suggested that there was a general trend across channel characteristics to rate doctors and organizations more highly than friends/family and the media for providing cancer-related information, although the respondents did not perceive information received from doctors and organizations as more understandable or more novel than information obtained from the media. On the whole, friends and family were evaluated least positively. These results are discussed in terms of their relationship to other programmatic research in this area and their pragmatic implications for future cancer control efforts.
Accustomed to enduring: experiences of African-American women seeking care for cardiac symptoms.

Objective Understand the meaning of delayed treatment seeking in African-American women with unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Methods Phenomenologic analysis of in-depth interview data and field notes on 12 African-American women hospitalized with unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Results Women’s interpretation of and response to symptoms were informed by experiences of marginalization and their self-understanding as people who were strong and who had endured life’s hardships. When hospitalized, some women experienced trivialization of their complaints by clinicians and a focus on technological procedures over respectfully attending to their concerns, which provided further disincentives to seeking care. Three major themes emerged: misrecognition and discounting of symptoms, enduring, and influence of faith. Conclusions Experiences of marginalization shape responses to symptoms, care-seeking behavior, and interpretation of subsequent care experiences for African-American women with cardiac disease, who may experience different symptoms as well as interpret them differently than members of other groups.
Progesterone effects on three regional gastrointestinal tissues

Abstract Esophageal, antral, and colonic tissues excised from progesterone pretreated males were demonstrated to exhibit a significantly reduced contractile activity compared to the corresponding regions excised from non-treated male control animals. Progesterone blood levels (measured with RIA) of the treated males were found to fall within the range reported for non-pregnant cyclic females.
Reliable computation of equilibrium states and bifurcations in ecological systems analysis

A problem of frequent interest in analyzing nonlinear ODE models of ecological systems is the location of equilibrium states and bifurcations. Interval-Newton techniques are explored for identifying, with certainty, all equilibrium states and all codimension-one and codimension-two bifurcations of interest within specified model parameter intervals. The methodology is applied to a tritrophic food chain in a chemostat (Canale's model), and a modification of thereof. This modification aids in elucidating the nonlinear effects of introducing a hypothetical contaminant into a food chain.
Preparation and Evaluation of GAC-Based Iron-Containing Adsorbents for Arsenic Removal

Granular activated carbon-based, iron-containing adsorbents (As-GAC) were developed for effective removal of arsenic from drinking water. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was used primarily as a supporting medium for ferric iron that was impregnated by ferrous chloride (FeCl2) treatment, followed by chemical oxidation. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was the most effective oxidant, and carbons produced from steam activation of lignite were most suitable for iron impregnation and arsenic removal. Two As-GAC materials prepared by FeCl2 treatment (0.025 -0.40 M) of Dacro 20 x 50 and Dacro 20 x 40LI resulted in a maximum impregnated iron of 7.89% for Dacro 20 x 50 and 7.65% for Dacro 20 x 40Ll. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses showed the BET specific surface area, total pore volume, porosity, and average mesoporous diameter all decreased with iron impregnation, indicating that some micropores were blocked. SEM studies with associated EDS indicated that the distribution of iron in the adsorbents was mainly on the edge of As-GAC in the low iron content (approximately 1% Fe) sample but extended to the center at the higher iron content (approximately 6% Fe). When the iron content was > approximately 7%, an iron ring formed at the edge of the GAC particles. No difference in X-ray diffraction patterns was observed between untreated GAC and the one with 4.12% iron, suggesting that the impregnated iron was predominantly in amorphous form. As-GAC could remove arsenic most efficiently when the iron content was approximately 6%; further increases of iron decreased arsenic adsorption. The removal of arsenate occurred in a wide range of pH as examined from 4.4 to 11, but efficiency was decreased when pH was higher than 9.0. The presence of phosphate and silicate could significantly decrease arsenate removal at pH > 8.5, while the effects of sulfate, chloride, and fluoride were minimal. Column studies showed that both As(V) and As(III) could be removed to below 10 microg/L within 6000 empty bed volume when the groundwater containing approximately 50 microg/L of arsenic was treated.
Modeling submicrometer GaAs MESFETs using PISCES with an apparent gate-length-dependent velocity-field relation

An empirical velocity-field relationship, based on Monte Carlo simulation, is integrated into the PISCES drift-diffusion simulation program in order to analyze short-gate GaAs MESFETs. The current-voltage characteristics are compared with 2D Monte Carlo simulation results on a 0.2 mu m gate length and with measured I-V characteristics of a 0.32 mu m gate-length GaAs MESFET. The comparison and the analysis made support the accuracy of the modified drift-diffusion model and show that it is computationally efficient for simulation of short-gate devices. >
Distinctive effects of the carboxyl-terminal sequence of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor on its signaling functions.

Abstract We have shown previously that the extracellular sequences of the human insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFR) have an inhibitory effect on protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity and on the biological functions of their respective Gag-receptor fusion proteins. To study the role of IGFR carboxyl sequence in modulation of the Gag-IGFR PTK and biological activities, five mutants, CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4, and CM5, containing carboxyl deletions of 17, 27, 47, 67, and 88 amino acids (aa), respectively, were constructed from the parental virus UIGFR encoding the Gag-IGFR. Deletion of up to 27 aa had little effect on the cell-transforming and PTK activities of UIGFR. Deletions of 47 aa in CM3 abolished PTK and transforming activities. Surprisingly, a further deletion of 20 aa in CM4 beyond that in CM3 reactivated the kinase and transforming activities. CM5, containing a deletion of 20 aa beyond that in CM4, had only marginal transforming and PTK activities. We conclude that deletion of the carboxyl region of the Gag-IGFR inactivates, instead of activating as in the case with Gag-IR, its transforming activity and the amino acid sequence 1250 to 1310 is essential for PTK and transforming activities. Analysis of the ability of the full-length IGFR and its mutant receptors described above to associate with phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase indicated that the association required PTK activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptors and correlated well with their transforming activities. The carboxyl 88 aa are not essential for the association.
Hot‐spring Systems Geobiology: abiotic and biotic influences on travertine formation at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, USA

Multiple abiotic and biotic factors combine in nature to influence the formation of calcium carbonate limestone deposits. Systems Geobiology studies of how micro-organisms respond to, or sometimes even control, the coupled effects of environmental change and mineralization will permit more accurate interpretation of the fossil record of ancient microbial life. Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park, USA, serves as a natural laboratory for tracking how the dynamic interplay of physical, chemical and biological factors come together to form hot-spring limestone (called ‘travertine’). Systematic downstream correlations occur at Mammoth Hot Springs between travertine deposition (geomorphology, crystalline structure and geochemistry), microbial communities (mat morphology, pigmentation, and phylogenetic and metabolic diversity) and spring-water conditions (temperature, pH, geochemistry and flow). Field-based microscale and mesoscale experimentation indicates that microbes directly influence travertine growth rate and crystalline structure. At the macroscale, time-lapse field photography and numerical modelling suggest that travertine terrace geomorphology is influenced strongly by hydrology, heat dispersion and geochemistry. These results from Mammoth Hot Springs allow establishment of a conceptual framework across broad spatial and temporal scales in which to track how multiple geological and biological factors combine to control CaCO3 crystal precipitation and the resulting formation of travertine deposits.
Software Licenses, Open Source Components, and Open Architectures

A substantial number of enterprises and independent software vendors are adopting a strategy in which software-intensive systems are developed with an open architecture (OA) that may contain open source software (OSS) components or components with open APIs. The emerging challenge is to realize the benefits of openness when components are subject to different copyright or property licenses. In this paper we identify key properties of OSS licenses, present a license analysis scheme to identify license conflicts arising from composed software elements, and apply it to provide guidance for software architectural design choices whose goal is to enable specific licensed component configurations. Our scheme has been implemented in an operational environment and demonstrates a practical, automated solution to the problem of determining overall rights and obligations for alternative OAs.
Spectral receptive fields do not explain tuning for boundary curvature in V4.

The midlevel visual cortical area V4 in the primate is thought to be critical for the neural representation of visual shape. Several studies agree that V4 neurons respond to contour features, e.g.,...
Classroom Variables and Access to the General Curriculum for Students with Disabilities

This study investigated the degree to which students with intellectual and developmental disabilities have access to the general education curriculum and the degree to which such access is related to and predicted by classroom setting and ecological variables. We observed 19 students during science or social studies instruction and collected data with Access CISSAR, a computer-based observation system that uses time sampling observation. The results of the study indicated that accommodations and modifications were provided depending on the amount of time students were educated with their nondisabled peers. Further, one-on-one or independent instructional groupings were better predictors of access than whole-group instruction, as were entire or divided group physical arrangements.
Phage display selection for cell-specific ligands: Development of a screening procedure suitable for small tumor specimens

Phage display technology has been widely used for developing tumor-targeting agents. Most of the efforts were directed towards identifying phage-displayed ligands against cancer-relevant purified targets and cancer cell lines. Whole cell screening procedures typically use a relatively large sample size and are not ideally suited for complex tumor tissues. We describe here a screening protocol that is suitable for non-adherent tumor cells from biopsy specimens. It requires only approximately 20,000 cells/round for biopanning and approximately 10,000 cells/well for subsequent clone binding assessment by ELISA. We standardized the newly developed protocol using erbB2-overexpressing SKBR3 breast cancer cells and compared the results with conventional protocols employing about 10-times more plate-adhered fixed or live cells. The selection rate of SKBR3-binding clones from biopanning approximately 20,000 non-adherent SKBR3 cells by our filter cup protocol was comparable to that obtained from using approximately 200,000 plate-adhered cells. Assessment of clones selected from different phage libraries showed that clones from fixed or live cells, adherent or non-adherent cells, either biopanned in filter cup or plate share specific motifs and binding properties. Some of the clones from each biopanning protocol bound to purified erbB2 and shared motifs with erbB family of receptors and their known ligands. These results demonstrated that the protocol developed in this study was capable of selecting cell-specific ligands using relatively small numbers of cells. Screening cells from a fresh human breast cancer specimen using our protocol showed enrichment of tumor binding clones at successive rounds of selection and some of the selected clones were tumor-specific in comparison to normal breast cells. These protocols have direct application to screen for tumor-binding ligands with small tumor tissue specimens.
Analysis of laminated composite shells under internal pressure

A closed form solution is presented that predicts the response of filament wound composite shells subjected to internal pressure. The material of the shell is assumed to be general cylindrically anisotropic. Based on the theory of cylindrical anisotropic elasticity coupled differential equations are developed using Lekhnitskii's stress function approach. Two composite systems, graphite/epoxy and glass/epoxy, are selected to demonstrate the influence of degree of material anisotropy and fiber orientations on the axial and induced twisting deformation. Detailed stress distributions of (45) off-axis unidirectional and (45/-45)s symmetric angle-ply fiber-reinforced laminated shells are shown to illustrate the effect of radius-to-thickness ratio and stacking sequence.
Women’s autonomy and child survival: A comparison of muslims and non-muslims in four Asian countries

In this article, I evaluate the hypothesis that higher infant and child mortality among Muslim populations is related to the lower autonomy of Muslim women using data from 15 pairs of Muslim and non-Muslim communities in India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Women’s autonomy in various spheres is not consistently lower in Muslim than in non-Muslim settings. Both across and within communities, the association between women’s autonomy and mortality is weak, and measures of autonomy or socioeconomic status are generally of limited import for understanding the Muslim disadvantage in children’s survival.
A transduction model of the Meissner corpuscle.

I propose a transduction model of the Meissner corpuscle that integrates ideas put forth by Freeman and Johnson and results obtained by Looft. The principal development in the present model is its specification that RA receptor potentials are updated as a linear function of stimulus velocity above baseline; the model thus readily accommodates non-sinusoidal input. It also incorporates modifications to Freeman and Johnson's model proposed by Slavik and Bell, namely a period of refractoriness lasting 1 ms followed by a period of hyperexcitability lasting 13.5 ms. The model is applied to various psychophysical and physiological situations: psychophysical threshold vs. frequency, RA afferent impulse rates vs. intensity, impulse regularity vs. frequency, phase retardation vs. frequency, and responses to non-repeating noise and to complex stimuli. Model output closely matches psychophysical and neurophysiological data. The proposed model thus reliably predicts RA afferent responses to arbitrary stimuli and may facilitate the development of theories relating psychophysical phenomena to their underlying neural representations.
Production of φ and F(1970)→φπ in e(+)e(−) Annihilation at 29 GeV

Data from the high-resolution spectrometer at PEP have been used to study the inclusive production of phi mesons and F/sup + -/ mesons decaying into phi..pi../sup + -/. Fragmentation functions and cross sections are presented and compared to existing data. The total phi cross section at 29 GeV is 40 +- 6 pb. The observed F signal in the region z>0.4, given the assumption that R(F)/(R(F)+R(D)) = 0.15, corresponds to an F..-->..phi..pi.. branching ratio of (3.3 +- 1.1)%. The measured F mass is 1963 +- 3 +- 3 MeV/c/sup 2/.
Structure and regulation of KGD1, the structural gene for yeast alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.

Abstract Nuclear respiratory-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been screened for lesions in the mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Strains assigned to complementation group G70 were ascertained to be deficient in enzyme activity due to mutations in the KGD1 gene coding for the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase component of the complex. The KGD1 gene has been cloned by transformation of a representative kgd1 mutant, C225/U1, with a recombinant plasmid library of wild-type yeast nuclear DNA. Transformants containing the gene on a multicopy plasmid had three- to four-times-higher alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity than did wild-type S. cerevisiae. Substitution of the chromosomal copy of KGD1 with a disrupted allele (kgd1::URA3) induced a deficiency in alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. The sequence of the cloned region of DNA which complements kgd1 mutants was found to have an open reading frame of 3,042 nucleotides capable of coding for a protein of Mw 114,470. The encoded protein had 38% identical residues with the reported sequence of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Two lines of evidence indicated that transcription of KGD1 is catabolite repressed. Higher steady-state levels of KGD1 mRNA were detected in wild-type yeast grown on the nonrepressible sugar galactose than in yeast grown on high glucose. Regulation of KGD1 was also studied by fusing different 5'-flanking regions of KGD1 to the lacZ gene of E. coli and measuring the expression of beta-galactosidase in yeast. Transformants harboring a fusion of 693 nucleotides of the 5'-flanking sequence expressed 10 times more beta-galactosidase activity when grown under derepressed conditions. The response to the carbon source was reduced dramatically when the same lacZ fusion was present in a hap2 or hap3 mutant. The promoter element(s) responsible for the regulated expression of KGD1 has been mapped to the -354 to -143 region. This region contained several putative activation sites with sequences matching the core element proposed to be essential for binding of the HAP2 and HAP3 regulatory proteins.
A new reduced-complexity sphere decoder with true lattice-boundary-awareness for multi-antenna systems

Maximum-likelihood (ML) detection in a multi-antenna system can be cast as a problem of closest point search in a finite lattice, which can then be efficiently solved by a sphere decoder. Although the state-of-art sphere decoding algorithms proposed by M.G. Damen et al. (see IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol.49, no.10, 2003) have considered the finiteness of the lattice, many points outside the finite lattice are still tested, resulting in much unnecessary computation. We address this problem by incorporating true lattice-boundary-awareness, such that testing on any point outside the finite lattice is completely avoided. This new lattice-boundary-aware sphere decoder offers two important advantages: (i) compared to the sphere decoder proposed by Damen et al., it achieves up to 32% reduction in the number of multiplications and up to 39% in the number of additions; (ii) the complexity reduction tends to increase as SNR decreases. The proposed approach can thus significantly relax the requirements on hardware implementation of the sphere decoder.
Angiogenic mRNA and microRNA Gene Expression Signature Predicts a Novel Subtype of Serous Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death for women in the U.S. and the seventh most fatal worldwide. Although ovarian cancer is notable for its initial sensitivity to platinum-based therapies, the vast majority of patients eventually develop recurrent cancer and succumb to increasingly platinum-resistant disease. Modern, targeted cancer drugs intervene in cell signaling, and identifying key disease mechanisms and pathways would greatly advance our treatment abilities. In order to shed light on the molecular diversity of ovarian cancer, we performed comprehensive transcriptional profiling on 129 advanced stage, high grade serous ovarian cancers. We implemented a, re-sampling based version of the ISIS class discovery algorithm (rISIS: robust ISIS) and applied it to the entire set of ovarian cancer transcriptional profiles. rISIS identified a previously undescribed patient stratification, further supported by micro-RNA expression profiles, and gene set enrichment analysis found strong biological support for the stratification by extracellular matrix, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis genes. The corresponding “angiogenesis signature” was validated in ten published independent ovarian cancer gene expression datasets and is significantly associated with overall survival. The subtypes we have defined are of potential translational interest as they may be relevant for identifying patients who may benefit from the addition of anti-angiogenic therapies that are now being tested in clinical trials.
Barristers and Brahmans in India: Legal Cultures and Social Change

“You have given India,” Secretary of State Sir Samuel Hoare once told his officers, “justice such as the East has never known before.” For most Englishmen, having established therule of law” on the Indian subcontinent was probably the proudest achievement of the British raj. They believed that they had substituted legal security for disorder, predictability for uncertainty, and impartiality for whim and nepotism.
Accumulation of Mixed Carbonate and Siliciclastic Muds on Continental Shelf of Eastern Spain: ABSTRACT

The continental shelf of eastern Spain (extending from the Ebro River southward through the Gulf of Valencia) is accumulating a mixture of carbonate and siliciclastic sediment. Twenty-eight cores were analyzed to characterize sediment size and composition and to measure mixing and accumulation rates. Sandy mud consisting of about 40% carbonate and 60% siliciclastic sediment is accumulating over a transgressive sand and gravel layer that is exposed landward of the 20-m isobath. Profiles of Pb-210 and Cs-137 indicate that much of the mud deposit has an apparent accumulation rate of about 1 mm/yr. The observed accumulation is slow compared to dispersal systems associated with larger fluvial sources of siliciclastic sediment. The slow accumulation rates combined with moderate sediment mixing rates (measured from Th-234 profiles) predict preservation of homogeneous strata, which is observed in x-radiographs. Although the siliciclastic accumulation is relatively slow, the carbonate accumulation rates are similar to values for low-latitude carbonate environments. The slow accumulation of siliciclastic sediment combined with apparently high productivity of carbonate sediment results in the mixed carbonate and siliciclastic deposit. The special characteristics of the study area are: (a) siliciclastic sediment flux to the shelf is small but significant; (b) physical-oceanographic regime is quiescent enough to allow much of the fine sediment to accumulate on the shelf; and (c) shelf waters are warm (for mid-latitudes) allowing rapid production of carbonate sediment. /P> End_of_Article - Last_Page 293------------
Lattice-Strained Double Heterojunction InGaAs/GaAs Bipolar Transistors

A study of a series of NpN GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs latticestrained heterojunction bipolar transistors, in which the indium mole fraction has been varied, shows that it is possible to obtain good dc current gain and a high cut-off frequency in this materials system despite relatively small band offsets and the presence of interface lattice irregularities.
Rapid, Specific, No-wash, Far-red Fluorogen Activation in Subcellular Compartments by Targeted Fluorogen Activating Proteins

Live cell imaging requires bright photostable dyes that can target intracellular organelles and proteins with high specificity in a no-wash protocol. Organic dyes possess the desired photochemical properties and can be covalently linked to various protein tags. The currently available fluorogenic dyes are in the green/yellow range where there is high cellular autofluorescence and the near-infrared (NIR) dyes need to be washed out. Protein-mediated activation of far-red fluorogenic dyes has the potential to address these challenges because the cell-permeant dye is small and nonfluorescent until bound to its activating protein, and this binding is rapid. In this study, three single chain variable fragment (scFv)-derived fluorogen activating proteins (FAPs), which activate far-red emitting fluorogens, were evaluated for targeting, brightness, and photostability in the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum with a cell-permeant malachite green analog in cultured mammalian cells...
Impact of FDI on Indian Economy

Economic policymakers in most countries go out of their way to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). A high level of FDI inflows is an affirmation of the economic policies that the policymakers have been implementing as well as a stamp of approval of the future economic health of that particular country. There is clearly an intense global competition for FDI. India, for its part, has set up the “India Brand Equity Foundation” to try and attract that elusive FDI dollar.According to UNCTAD (2007), India has emerged as the second most attractive destination for FDI after China and ahead of the US, Russia and Brazil. While India has experienced a marked rise in FDI inflows in the last few years (doubling from an average of US$5-6 billion the previous three years to around US$ 19 billion in 2006-07) , it still receives far less FDI flows than China or much smaller economies in Asia like Hong Kong and Singapore was ahead of India. Not surprisingly India’s growth strategy has depended predominantly on domestic enterprises and domestic demand as opposed to FDI and export demand. For instance, India’s FDI as a share of GDP in 2007 represented only about 1.7 percent compared to 2.8 percent in China and even below Pakistan, and its share of gross fixed investment is 5.2 percent compared to 7.0 in China and 16.7 percent in Pakistan. FDI has been a relatively limited source of external financing and reserve buildup in India. This paper aims at analyzing the impact of FDI inflow in India.
EVOLUTION OF DOMINANT OIL-GAS MIGRATION PATHWAYS OF TRANSPORTING LAYER IN SOUTHERN MEMBER 2, THE NORTH OF WUERXUN DEPRESSION

According to the pattern characteristics of dominant oil-gas migration pathways of transporting layer, the patterns of dominant oil-gas migration pathways are divided into three types of coalescence, divergence and parallel patterns. Through the analysis of characteristics of transporting layer of southern member 2 in the north of Wuerxun depression, the oil-gas migration pathways of southern member 2 transporting layer in the north of Wuerxun depression in each geological period are studied based on the reconstruction of ancient burial depth. The direction and distribution pattern of dominant oil-gas migration pathways of transporting layer in the member has similar characteristics in different geological periods. There are five coalescence areas. The cealescance density of dominant oilgas migration pathways in well Su 1,Su 21 and Wu 8 is big, the cealescence area of well Su 21 is at the edge of hydrocarbon kitchen, the cealescence areas of well Su 1 and Wu 8 is in the hydrocarbon kitchen, which is favorable for oil-gas to accumulate and form oilgas reservoirs. The cealescence density of oil-gas migration pathways in the two cealescence areas of the west of this region is small, they are outside the hydrocarbon kitchen, which is not favorable for oilgas to accumulate and form oilgas reservoirs. The industrial oilgas wells now are either in the cealesence areas of oilgas migration pathways or on dominant oilgas migration pathways, which is the important condition for forming oilgas reservoirs.
Ovine fetal placental lactate exchange and decarboxylation at midgestation

In a study of the metabolic implications of the large placental-to-fetal mass ratio that characterizes early fetal development, fetal plasma lactate disposal rate and CO2 production from fetal plasma lactate by fetus and placenta were measured in six midgestation (71-80 days) pregnant sheep. A constant fetal intravenous infusion of L-[U-14C]lactate and 3H2O was given to establish fetal steady-state lactate specific activity and to measure uterine and umbilical blood flows. Fetal and placental weights were 158.6 +/- 19.7 and 441.9 +/- 32.7 g, respectively. There was a significant net lactate flux into the uterine circulation (31 +/- 4.3 mumol/min, P < 0.01) but no measurable umbilical uptake. Fetal plasma lactate disposal rate was 21.2 +/- 2.7 mumol/min, approximately one-half of which represented fetal lactate flux into the placenta (9.9 +/- 1.9 mumol/min). The oxidation rate of tracer lactate carbon to 14CO2 by placenta plus fetus was 72.6 +/- 4.7% of the infused tracer and was fairly evenly distributed between the placenta and the fetus (42.4 +/- 3.9 vs. 30.3 +/- 2.2%). The midgestation placenta metabolizes and produces fetal plasma lactate at rapid and nearly equal rates. This contrasts with the late-gestation placenta, which makes a small contribution to fetal lactate disposal and is a major net source of fetal lactate.
Elucidating the Role of Electrostatics in Condensed DNA Arrays

As the sole long-range force in biological systems, electrostatic forces dominate interactions between charged biomolecules (e.g. DNA, RNA, nucleosomes, charged proteins) at all but the smallest length scales. However, our understanding of these electrostatic interactions is rudimentary at best, largely relying on mean field approximations of ions such as the Poisson-Boltzmann equation or counterion-condensation (CC) theories that have been shown to accurately predict electrostatic behavior for monovalent ions alone. We will present ion binding data on condensed DNA pellets that examines these highly-charged systems under varying conditions of ion concentration, ion valence, and packing density (utilizing crowding agents). From concordant measurements of DNA-DNA spacing, ion concentration, and osmotic pressure, we will present a comprehensive view of DNA-ion interactions under conditions of close packing and compare these data to various current electrostatic models. These data should prove vital to our understanding of the fundamental long-range forces that govern charged biomolecules.
The Scope and Limits of Trade's Influence in Shaping the Evolving International Investment Regime

This paper examines the extent to which the international trade regime impacts the international investment regime. While commentators have identified rich areas of cross-fertilization and suggested increasing convergence between the two regimes, the evidence reveals only a limited and selected degree of influence. Specific attention is paid to four areas: the design and architecture of the investment regime; the patterns of investment treaty formation; the substance of investment treaty provisions; and treaty interpretation. Across these four areas, interactions between the two regimes remain sporadic and decentralized. Given the different normative orientations of the two regimes, one should not expect growing rapprochement in the foreseeable future between the two regimes.
Grassmannian Spectral Regression for Action Recognition

Action recognition from multiple views and computational performance associated with high-dimensional data are common challenges for real-world action classification systems. Subspace learning has received considerable attention as a means of finding an efficient low-dimensional representation that leads to better classification and efficient processing. In this paper we propose Grassmannian Spectral Regression (GRASP), a novel subspace learning algorithm which combines the benefits of Grassmann manifolds and spectral regression for fast and accurate classification. A Grassmann manifold is a space that promotes smooth surfaces where points represent subspaces and the relationship between points is defined by a mapping of an orthogonal matrix. Spectral regression is a regularized subspace learning approach that overcomes the disadvantages of eigen-based approaches. We demonstrate the effectiveness of GRASP on computationally intensive, multi-view action classification using the INRIA IXMAS dataset and the i3DPost Multi-View dataset.
Open access to infrastructure networks: : The experience of railroads

Many countries have restructured their railroads and other network industries to require that network providers grant access to independent companies. The potential benefit is to introduce competition among the access users, while the potential cost is to reduce coordination between the network provider and the access users. The experiences of railroads in Australia, Europe, and North America caution that coordination costs are likely to be high when the access provider/user interface is technically complex, the network is close to capacity, the access users are heterogeneous, there is little reciprocity between providers and users, and the access grants are broad.
Wave Interactions in Planar Active Circuit Structures

As the operating frequency of the integrated circuits is increased toward millimeter-waves, it becomes necessary to characterize the wave interactions with active devices. This is due to the following reasons. As the frequency is increased, the device size can be a substantial fraction of the wavelength. Hence, the distributed effect in the device can no longer be negligible. An example of modeling for such a situation is presented. On the other hand, wave interactions with solid state devices in an integrated circuit environment can be used for development of new device structures and components. In addition, understanding of the wave interaction can lead to finding a favorable environment to maximize the capability of the active devices. Several examples for modeling and design of such configurations are presented. Due to the infancy of this thrust, there remain a number of problems and limitations which will have to be addressed.
Investigation on the Reduction of Center of Mass Oscillations of Flexible Flapping Fins

Nature has been a source of inspiration for developing advanced autonomous aerial and underwater vehicles. The bodies with flapping appendages produce Center of Mass (COM) oscillations as the flapping fins generate forces oscillatory in nature. The vehicles with larger COM oscillations pose the problems of control and maneuverability and this paper discusses the effect of flexibility and other operating parameters such as heaving, pitching amplitudes and operating frequency on COM oscillations. A detailed theoretical investigation has been carried out to predict the optimal operating parameters along with the fin stiffness to reduce the COM oscillations for a given Self-Propelled Speed (SPS). Experiments have been performed to validate the theoretical results. It has been observed that the flexible fins operating at larger frequencies produce lower COM oscillations compared to stiffer fins operating at lower frequencies for a given mean thrust/SPS, and that the trailing edge amplitude along with the deformation pattern play a role in the generation of COM oscillations.
Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability Shock Tube Experiments with Mixing Measurements

Richtmyer-Meshkov instability with three-dimensional random initial interface perturbations is studied in vertical shock tube experiments. In the beginning flat diffused interface between SF6 and air is formed by opposed gas flows, and perturbations are produced applying Faraday waves. Planar laser Mie scattering images of the mixing process are recorded at 6 kHz frequency. A new method for images processing is developed allowing reliable integral mixing measurements. Time dependent integral mixing layer widths are obtained using two different sets of experiments and both the logarithmic method and Mikaelian’s model [1] are used to extract growth exponents, θ . The time dependent mixedness is also calculated.
GIS applications in developing zero-waste strategies at a mid-size American university

This paper presents two case studies in which a waste management team at Western Kentucky University (WKU), supported by GIS and geospatial techniques, were able to identify how waste generation potential changed over time across space, predict how the rate of recycling can be raised by infrastructural changes, and hence enable more informed decision-marking on where sustainability-concentrated efforts should be concentrated to reduce waste production on a university campus. Specifically, GIS was utilized to spatially recognize, visualize, and assess waste generation streams and resource allocation solutions. In Case Study 1, the amount of solid waste in dumpsters, collected monthly from neighboring buildings, were analyzed with the Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method. The researchers found that buildings with the highest contribution of waste generation were associated with food sales, suggesting that a close review of policies related to food practices (purchasing, recycling, and composting) is essential for increasing efficiency in waste management schemes at universities. In the second case study, location-allocation analyses were conducted to examine the current locations and placement of outdoor waste and recycle bins. The analyses enabled a number of data-driven recommendations made to the WKU waste management team on improving bin placement and addition on the WKU main campus.
Bioinformatic analysis reveals the key pathways and genes in early-onset breast cancer

Early-onset breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the female. To identify the differentially expressed genes and the key signaling pathways in early-onset breast cancer, we have carried out the bioinformatic analysis of an RNA array dataset in the GEO database, GSE109169, which was acquired from early-onset breast cancer patient. A total of 118 differentially expressed genes in early-onset breast cancer were significantly changed compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. Most of these genes are classified into three categories: signaling molecule, enzyme modulator, and hydrolase. Gene ontology terms reveal that most of these genes are involved in cellular and metabolic processes, biological regulation, binding and catalytic activities, and receptor regulation. Protein–protein interaction network was constructed and has two highly enriched modules: one with up-regulated genes and the other with down-regulated genes. The singling pathways are mainly enriched in the cellular immune system, lipid metabolism and other types of metabolic pathways. Finally, we have plotted the Kaplan–Meier curves of two up-regulated and two down-regulated genes for the overall survival prediction in breast cancer. These results greatly expand the current view of early-onset breast cancer and shed light on the discovery of drug candidates and the improvement for the prognosis.
Horizontal-Parallax-Only Optical Scanning Holography

The principle of optical scanning holography (OSH) has been recently proposed by Poon et al. to acquire horizontal-parallax-only (HPO) holographic information electronically. Although many ideas of HPO-holography have bcen proposed and studied, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposcd electronic holographic technique to acquire HPO-holographic information. In this Chapter, we first briefly review OSH and then discuss how HPO-holographic information can be acquired using OSH. We provide computer simulations to illustrate and clarify the idea. We also propose and discuss a possible optical reconstruction scheme for twin-image elimination using only two holograms as well as a digital scheme for HPO-holographic reconstruction.
Extinct nuclides - Much ado about nothing

A concise review of the status of research on short-lived nuclei is presented. The importance of these nuclei is very great in spite of the fact that they are essentially absent today (except for cosmic ray products). The significance of these nuclei for understanding broader cosmic problems is outlined and it is shown that they are a key to the earliest processes in solar system formation and possibly provide a link with pre solar processes in the interstellar medium or of intense activity of the early sun. A few reminiscences are about some random interactions with Hans Suess are given illustrating different ways of doing and thinking science.
A content analysis of popular media reporting regarding increases in minimum ages of legal access for tobacco

In the late 20th century, US localities began increasing the minimum age of legal access (MLA) for tobacco from 18 to 21 years by enacting “Tobacco 21” ordinances. Although these policies have a strong evidence base and broad popular support, popular media coverage of tobacco control laws has not always been accurate. This study sought to determine if contemporaneous popular media reporting accurately reflected the scientific findings regarding increased tobacco MLAs. We searched LexisNexis for popular media reports that (1) addressed proposed or enacted Tobacco 21 ordinances and were (2) published in English, (3) drawn from a US news source, and (4) written after January 2004. We conducted a content analysis for quality based on a validated measure of accuracy of reporting, the Index of Scientific Quality (ISQ), which allows assessment of articles by assigning scores ranging from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest). Searches yielded 378 articles; after screening for relevance and duplicates, 98 were included in the review. All studies identified through the keyword searches addressed Tobacco 21 policies. The average global score identifying the scientific quality of the articles was 2.98 of 5. Over three-quarters of the popular media articles addressing Tobacco 21 laws were written after a systematic review of these policies was released by the Institute of Medicine and approximately 4 in 10 cited findings from that review. Popular media reports on Tobacco 21 laws demonstrated average overall quality and relied on both anecdotal and scientific evidence, in contrast to previous studies found that popular media reports on tobacco issues demonstrated low overall quality and relied primarily on anecdotal evidence. The systematic review of increased MLAs for tobacco written by the Institute of Medicine diffused quickly into popular reporting, suggesting that this type of evidence might improve research translation.
Microsimulation Model Using Christiana Care Early Warning System (CEWS) to Evaluate Physiological Deterioration

While physiological warning signs prior to deterioration events during hospitalization have been widely studied, evaluating clinical interventions, such as rapid response team (RRT) activations, based on scoring systems remains an understudied area. Simulation of physiological deterioration patterns represented by scoring systems can facilitate testing different RRT policies without disturbing care processes. Christiana Care Early Warning System (CEWS) is a scoring system developed at the study hospital to detect the physiological warning signs and inform RRT activations. The objective of this study is to evaluate CEWS-triggered RRT policies based on patient demographics and policy structures. Using retrospective data derived from a subset of electronic health records between December 2015 and December 2016 (6000 patients), we developed a microsimulation model with integrated regression analysis to compare RRT policies on subpopulations defined by age, gender, and comorbidities to find score thresholds that result in the lowest percent of time spent above critical CEWS values. Policies that rely on average scores were more sensitive to threshold changes compared to policies that rely on current value and change in the CEWS. Policy using score threshold 10 provided the lowest percentage of time under the critical condition for majority of subpopulations. The proposed model is a novel framework to simulate individual deterioration patterns and systematically evaluate RRT policies based on their impact on health conditions. Our work highlights the importance of integration of data-driven models into personalized care and represents a significant opportunity to inform biomedical and health informatics research on designing and evaluating EWS-based clinical interventions.