cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A finite element formulation of frequency-dependent electro-osmosis

In this paper, we model frequency-dependent electro-osmosis in a capillary using the fully nonlinear Navier-Stokes equation (NSE) for viscous, incompressible, and homogeneous flow. We simulate the NSE using the finite element method, computing the solution for a closed capillary and compare it to the closed form solutions. It is confirmed that the second velocity zero crossing is dependent of the capillary radius. The distance of the zero velocity crossing decreases with decreasing capillary radius. It is also shown that the AC electro-osmosis causes a circulation of fluid within the capillary with low frequencies generating the greatest net flow.
Criminal defense counsels, district attorneys, and the insanity plea: A modest difference of opinion

This research examines differences between samples of 166 city and county prosecutors and 118 defense attorneys from Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky concerning their views toward the insanity plea in felony cases. Currently, tests for insanity used by the states are the M’Naghten rule, the ALI Model Penal Code test, and the Smith “irresistible impulse” test or combinations thereof. Defense counsels greatly favor the prosecution bearing the burden of proving a defendant’s sanity, while a majority of prosecutors believe that this is the defense counsel’s responsibility. Twenty-five percent of the prosecutors surveyed believed that it is the prosecutor’s responsibility to show by clear and convincing evidence, beyond a reasonable doubt, that defendants are sane and capable of bearing the responsibility for their crimes alleged. Philosophical and practical arguments about the burden of proof issue are examined. Preferences of defense counsels and prosecutors for different insanity tests are explored, finding that a majority of attorneys favor the more recent ALI test.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors and inflammatory bowel disease: emerging therapies in inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) are common, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) characterized by episodes of life-altering symptoms such as diarrhea, bleeding, fecal urgency and incontinence, abdominal pain and cramps, and fever lasting weeks to months at a time. Existing treatments are 5-aminosalicyclates or immunosuppressants, but long-term control of IBD is a major problem for a large number of patients. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a key enzyme in cell homeostasis and inflammation and its inhibition has been useful in diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in IBD and the PDE4 inhibitor OPC-6535 (tetomilast), an investigational agent for the treatment of UC. The authors detail the clinical development of the compound and report and provide insight into some of the unpublished data from the recently completed multicenter Phase III trials in UC.
Quality of research on correlates of subjective well-being in adulthood.

Abstract Social scientists in general and social gerontologists in particular have investigated extensively the correlates of subjective well-being in adulthood. This paper examined whether ratings of study quality for 280 research reports on the correlates of subjective well-being in adulthood vary with year of report, type of report, journal focus, and study quality dimension. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that Year of Report and Journal Focus were related to quality of study ratings. There were differences by Year of Report on ratings of significance of the problem, adequacy of sampling, appropriateness of statistical analyses, and adequacy of research report. Studies published in journals with an “aging” focus relative to those in journals with a “non aging” focus were rated higher on adequacy of the measuring instruments and reasonableness of the conclusions. The mean rating across all items was 2.67, indicating that the average study was judged to meet less than “some requirements.” Co...
A Computational Study of the Structure and Synthesis of Formazans

We report the results of a density functional theory (DFT) study of the structure and synthesis of a formazan molecule, 1,3,5-triphenylformazan. Three conformational minima of this formazan are identified, with the global minimum having an internal H-bond as part of a pseudo-six-membered ring. At the 6-31G(d) B3LYP level of theory the transition state for tautomerization and exchange of the hydrogen ion lies 4 kcal mol-1 above the global minimum. This barrier height is unchanged by the incorporation of solvent models. An extensive investigation of the potential energy surface for the synthesis of 1,3,5-triphenylformazan from benzaldehyde N-phenylhydrazone and benzenediazonium ion is reported. The results support the mechanism whose first step is the addition of the diazonium onto the central carbon atom of the phenylhydrazone. However, the transition states for both this addition and addition to the amino nitrogen atom lie on intrinsic reaction paths which connect to a minimum of the phenylhydrazone which...
Alloying of MoSi2 for improved mechanical properties

Abstract Effects of alloying on mechanical properties of solidification processed polycrystalline MoSi 2 , ternary (Mo, 2.5 at.% Re)Si 2 , Mo(2 at.% Al, Si) 2 , (Mo, 1 at.% Nb)Si 2 , and quaternary (Mo, 1 at.% Re)( 2 at.% Al, Si) 2 alloys were evaluated by microhardness testing at room temperature and compression testing at elevated temperatures. Alloying with 2.5 at.% Re resulted in an anomalously high solid solution hardening in MoSi 2 , while alloying with 2 at.% Al lowered the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature, in compression, of polycrystalline MoSi 2 from 900 o C to ⩽25 o C. Similar to the effects observed in the quaternary (Mo, 1 at.% Re)(2 at.% Al, Si) 2 alloy, 1 at.% Nb containing samples exhibited concurrent enhanced ambient temperature ductility and higher elevated temperature strength compared to pure MoSi 2 . The effects of alloying MoSi 2 with 2.5 at.% Re, 1 at.% Re+2 at.% Al, and 1 at.% Nb on hardness and yield strength are discussed.
FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION, ELECTRONIC LINKAGES, AND LARGE FIRMS -- EVIDENCE FROM THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY /

At the beginning of the 1980s, a reverse trend in local economic development began, supporting old urban industrial areas in whichlarge firms represented the most competitive territorial and industrial systems. Using the case of the automobile industry as an example, this paper argues that contrary to what is anticipated by some researchers, the new flexible organization of the large firm will support neither an asymmetrical relationship of control between spatially decentralized firms nor a spatial reconcentration of activities toward industrialized countries. On the contrary, flexible production will support symmetrical networks that bind together spatially decentralized firms in a web of two-way partnership interactions. As space reflects changes in the organization of production, we anticipate greater coordination and interaction between spaces. This process would not be determined, butfacilitated by electronic linkages through technologies such as international EDI systems and groupware designed to increase cooperative work and joint decision-making.
A survey of ultraviolet circumstellar absorption lines in the spectra of early Be and shell stars

Copernicus UV data are used to examine the rich shell absorption spectra between 1120 and 1140 A in 17 Be and shell stars. Previous observations of the program stars are reviewed, the general appearance of the shell spectra between 1120 and 1140 A is described, and the shell spectra are compared with the spectra of four bright B-type supergiants in the same wavelength region. The line strengths are analyzed to determine quantitative shell strengths and shell column densities; the shell line velocities are discussed in the context of different models. It is shown that UV shell lines can exist in stars with no visible-wavelength shell features, that Fe III shell lines dominate the spectra between 1120 and 1140 A in Be and shell stars with circumstellar absorption features, and that the spectra of Be and shell stars in this region strongly resemble those of supergiants of similar effective temperature.
A Magnetic Resonance Template for Normal Neuronal Migration in the Fetus

OBJECTIVE : Although the features of neuronal migration have been known since the turn of the century, the serial features of neuronal migration as seen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have not been described. Our objective was to provide a template of the normal appearance and the temporal pattern of neuronal migration in the human fetal brain early in the second trimester as seen with MR imaging and to correlate our findings with histological sections and atlases. METHODS : Twenty-eight normal fetal specimens, which ranged from 9 to 24 weeks of gestational age, were imaged with a 1.5 T clinical MRI unit by use of conventional spin echo, fast spin echo, and three-dimensional Fourier transformation spoiled gradient refocussed pulse sequences. RESULTS : The three-dimensional Fourier transformation spoiled gradient refocussed pulse sequence provided the highest resolution images of neuronal migration. At 13 weeks of gestational age, the germinal matrix was identified. A five-layer pattern of the fetal forebrain, which included layers of neuroblast formation and migration, could be identified at 16 to 18 weeks by MRI. The germinal matrix and layers of migrating neurons diminished considerably in size by 21 weeks. Histological studies and correlation with anatomic atlases confirmed the MRI findings. CONCLUSION : Images obtained by use of MRI with standard clinical pulse sequences can document the appearance and the temporal patterns of neuronal migration in postmortem fetal specimens. With the evolution of high-resolution MRI and faster scanning techniques, these findings may serve as a template for the in utero MRI appearance of neuronal migration and thereby compliment the antenatal ultrasonic investigation of congenital anomalies.
Inclusion of a Collagen-GAG Sponge Core Improves Tangent Modulus of Multi-Phase PEGDM Hydrogel Constructs

Nearly 27 million people in the United States suffer from osteoarthritis (OA).[1] While surgical options are available for patients suffering from OA, focal treatments, such as resection and mosaicplasty, rarely succeed in regenerating fully functional cartilage. Tissue engineering holds potential for developing more effective repair strategies.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
How performatives work

The notion of a performative is one that philosophers and linguists are so comfortable with that one gets the impression that somebody must have a satisfactory theory. But I have not seen such a theory and in this essay I want to address the question: how exactly do performatives work? I believe that answering that question is not just a fussy exercise in linguistic analysis but can give us insights into the nature of language and the relation between speech acts and actions generally. Some people who have written about performatives seem to think that it is just a semantic fact about certain verbs that they have performative occurrences, but the puzzle is: how could any verbs have such remarkable properties just as a matter of semantics? I can't fix the roof by saying, “I fix the roof” and I can't fry an egg by saying, “I fry an egg,” but I can promise to come and see you just by saying, “I promise to come and see you” and I can order you to leave the room just by saying, “I order you to leave the room.” Now why the one and not the other? And, to repeat, how exactly does it work? Perhaps the most widely accepted current view is the following: performative utterances are really just statements with truth values like any other statements, and Austin was wrong to contrast performative utterances with some other kind. The only special feature of the performative statement is that the speaker can perform some other speech act indirectly by making the statement.
Calculator Assisted Evaluation Of The Radiance Factor And Chromaticity Coordinates Of Fluorescent Films

Several radiometric properties of opaque fluorescent materials are measured with a 450/0 ° (illumination/viewing) spectroradiometer system interfaced to a desktop calculator. These measured values are then used to determine a sample's chromaticity coordinates and the fluorescent contribution to the radiance factor. To obtain these parameters, the calculator is used to optimize the design of an illuminant D65 simulator, accept instrument calibration data, calculate the sample's chromaticity coordinates, and graphically display the sample's nonfluorescent and total radiance factors. The performance requirements and chromaticity coordinates of a sample are displayed on a computer prepared plot to aid in evaluating a material's conformance to desired specifications.
Communicating Global Activism

Many observers doubt the capacity of digital media to change the political game. The rise of a transnational activism that is aimed beyond states and directly at corporations, trade and development regimes offers a fruitful area for understanding how communication practices can help create a new politics. The Internet is implicated in the new global activism far beyond merely reducing the costs of communication, or transcending the geographical and temporal barriers associated with other communication media. Various uses of the Internet and digital media facilitate the loosely structured networks, the weak identity ties, and the patterns of issue and demonstration organizing that define a new global protest politics. Analysis of various cases shows how digital network configurations can facilitate: permanent campaigns; the growth of broad networks despite relatively weak social identity and ideology ties; transformation of individual member organizations and whole networks; and the capacity to communicate...
99mTc Sestamibi Breast Imaging for the Examination of Patients with Dense and Fatty Breasts: Multicenter Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of scintimammography as an adjunct to physical examination and mammography in the detection of breast cancer in women with dense and fatty breasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 558 women were prospectively enrolled from 42 centers in North America. Images were interpreted by readers blinded to the subjects’ clinical history, mammographic findings, and other test results. The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification was used to describe breast density. Parenchymal patterns of “heterogeneously dense” and “extremely dense” were used to classify breasts as dense, whereas “almost entirely fat” and “numerous vague densities” defined fatty breasts. Between-group differences were evaluated with the χ2 test for categorical variables and Student t test for continuous variables. Accuracy of scintimammography was assessed against the core laboratory histopathologic evaluation, the standard. The 95% CIs around point estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and positi...
Intravascular aggregation of the cellular elements of blood in rats fed thrombogenic or atherogenic regimens

Summary Degree of intravascular aggregation of blood cells was compared in rats fed commercial chow, semi-synthetic diets containing 40% butter or peanut oil, throm-bogenic and atherogenic regimens. There were no significant differences in degree of blood cell aggregation in rats fed commercial chow compared to rats fed high fat diets. Highly significant increases occurred in incidence and severity of blood cell aggregation in rats fed the thrombogenic regimen and a very highly significant increase occurred in rats fed the atherogenic regimen. Possible relations of blood cell aggregation to thrombosis and atherosclerosis were discussed.
Techniques for Large Sparae Systems Arising from Continuation Methods

We survey numerical techniques for solving the nonlinear and linear systems arising from applying continuation methods to tracing Solution manifolds of parameterized nonlinear systems of the form G(u,λ) = 0. We concentrate on large and sparse problems, e.g. discretizations of partial differential equations, for which this part of the computation dominates the overall cost. The basic issue is a tradeoff of the exploitation of the sparsity structure of the Jacobian Gu and the numerical treatment of its singularity. Among the techniques to be discussed are: Newton and quasi-Newton methods, low rank correction methods, implicit deflation techniques, Krylov subspace iterative methods and multi-grid methods.
A hybrid scheme for encryption and watermarking

Encryption and watermarking are complementary lines of defense in protecting multimedia content. Recent watermarking techniques have therefore been developed independent from encryption techniques. In this paper, we present a hybrid image protection scheme to establish a relation between the data encryption key and the watermark. Prepositioned secret sharing allows the reconstruction of different encryption keys by communicating different activating shares for the same prepositioned information. Each activating share is used by the receivers to generate a fresh content decryption key. In the proposed scheme, the activating share is used to carry copyright or usage rights data. The bit stream that represents this data is also embedded in the content as a visual watermark. When the encryption key needs to change, the data source generates a new activating share, and embeds the corresponding watermark into the multimedia stream. Before transmission, the composite stream is encrypted with the key constructed from the new activating share. Each receiver can decrypt the stream after reconstructing the same key, and extract the watermark from the image. Our presentation will include the application of the scheme to a test image, and a discussion on the data hiding capacity, watermark transparency, and robustness to common attacks.
Neural transplantation: Autoradiographic analysis of histogenesis in neocortical transplants

Neurohistogenesis in neocortical transplants obtained from 15-, 16-, 17-, 18-, 19-, 20- and 21-day-old embryos, was studied employing [3H]thymidine autoradiography. The neural tissues were transplanted in the midvermis of cerebellum of the host animals. Following transplantation the host animals in different groups were injected with the radiochemical at 6 hr, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 day intervals, to label the neurons forming on different days in the developing transplants. Analysis of autoradiograms showed that all the neocortical transplants did undergo histogenesis in the host cerebellum, and that it was similar to that seen in a normally developing neocortex. Transplants from the 15-day embryos showed histogenesis lasting for 9 days, and at the other extreme transplants from the 21-day embryos showed histogenesis lasting only for 1 day. Histogenesis in other transplants fell between these two extremes in a graded fashion in relation to the age of the donor embryos. The magnitude of histogenesis in transplants from different donor embryos was closely related to the final size of the transplants. Transplants from 15-day embryos were the largest in size, and they were followed by those from 16-, 17-, 18-, 19-, 20- and 21-day donor embryos in a graded fashion. All transplants were intraparenchymal, and histologically appeared normal. They contained fully differentiated neurons, and were anatomically integrated with the host cerebellum without any glial scar tissue or necrotic tissue intervening between them.
Exploring the Performance Tradeoffs among Stability-Oriented Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks

In this paper, we present an extensive ns-2 simulation based performance comparison of three widely known stability-oriented on-demand MANET routing protocols: Associativity-Based Routing (ABR) protocol, Flow-Oriented Routing Protocol (FORP) and Route Assessment Based Routing (RABR) protocol. Our simulations show that FORP routes are more stable than RABR routes, which are more stable than ABR routes. This also results in an increased packet delivery ratio for FORP in comparison to that of RABR and ABR. On the other hand, based on the energy consumed per packet and the average energy used per node, ABR is better than RABR, which is better than FORP. At low network density and mobility, ABR routes incur the lowest delay and as the network density and node mobility increases, RABR incurs lower delay. FORP incurs the highest delay under all conditions. Thus, we see a stability-delay-energy consumption tradeoff among these three stability-oriented routing protocols. Regarding the fairness of node usage, we observe that routes get distributed more evenly with increase in the node mobility and network density. But, still there is an appreciable variation in the energy consumption per node as only the chain of nodes that form stable routes are exhausted to a greater extent.
Library Orientation and Instruction--1991

The following is an annotated list of materials dealing with information literacy including instruction in the use of information resources, research, and computer skills related to retrieving, using, and evaluating information. This review, the eighteenth to be published in Reference Services Review, includes items in English published in 1991. A few are not annotated because the compiler could not obtain copies of them for this review.
Restoration of immunoregulation in splenic lymphocyte populations of mice fed reduced dietary protein

Abstract Moderate, acute reduction of dietary protein in young mice often leads to increases in humoral immune responses. To test the hypothesis that reduction of dietary protein affects T lymphocyte regulation of the humoral immune response, in vitro humoral immune responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC), were examined in BDF 1 and BALB/c mice fed diets low in protein (4% or 6% casein) compared with well-fed (20% casein) controls. In addition, the immunoregulatory splenic T lymphocyte subset profile was evaluated in mice fed the 4% and 20% casein diets. Groups of female BDF1 and BALB/c mice 5 weeks of age were fed one of the three diets for 5 weeks. Mice fed the 4% casein diet exhibited less body weight and splenic lymphocyte number than mice from the other two dietary groups. BDF 1 but not BALB/c mice fed the 4% casein diet exhibited significantly increased in vitro and in vivo immune responses to optimal or high doses of SRBC. On the other hand, both BDF 1 and BALB/c mice fed the 4% casein diet exhibited a significantly higher immune response to BrMRBC. The increased response of 4% casein-fed BDF 1 mice was related to an inability to generate adequate specific immunoregulatory T cells involved in suppressing the response. Co-culturing with Lyt1 + or Lyt2 + T cells from well-fed mice regulated downwardly the enhanced autoimmune, anti-BrMRBC response of mice fed the 4% casein diet. Decreased suppressor T lymphocyte activity in BDF 1 mice, but not BALB/c mice fed the 4% casein diet was confirmed by the significant depression of the Lyt2 + suppressor T cell number in the spleen evaluated by direct immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies which identify T lymphocyte subsets. These results indicate that moderate, acute reduction of dietary protein in young mice affects the regulatory functions of T cells but not the differentiation of B cells to antibody-forming plasma cells. This effect seems to be dependent upon the strain of mouse used.
Large eddy simulation (LES) for synthetic jet thermal management

An active cooling substrate (ACS) is a microelectro mechanical system (MEMS) device which implements the synthetic jet concept into printed wiring board (PWB) to enhance thermal management. This paper presents a numerical approach to solve the synthetic jet fluid mechanics and heat transfer problem. Fluent, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package, is utilized to perform the three-dimensional (3-D), unsteady, and double precision simulations. The large eddy simulation (LES) is selected as the turbulence model. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental data. A numerical predictive model is developed for future designs of synthetic jet based active cooling substrates.
Deciphering Trends in Mobile Search

Understanding the needs of mobile search will help improve the user experience and increase the service's usage. An analysis of search data from a large US carrier showed that cell-phone subscribers are typing longer queries in less time and clicking on more results.
SignStream™: A database tool for research on visual-gestural language

SignStream™ is a MacOS application that provides a single computing environment within which to view, annotate, analyze, and search through video and/or audio data, making it useful for linguistic research on signed languages and the gestural component of spoken languages. SignStream is distributed on a non-profit basis to educators, students, and researchers, and the features in the current release, version 2.0, are described in this article. Program design and development are ongoing, however, and the developers welcome feedback and suggestions.
The two-dimensional polypeptide profile of terminally non-dividing human diploid cells.

We have used high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to compare the polypeptides synthesized by normal human diploid fibroblasts cells which have significant proliferative capacity with those of cells which are terminally non-dividing. Normal cells that are terminally non-dividing (i.e., have no remaining proliferative potential) synthesize two polypeptides that are not detected in young cells which are either actively proliferating or growth arrested by incubation in medium containing a low concentration of serum (0.3%) for 72 h. Continued maintenance of young cells in the growth-arrested state ultimately leads to the detectable synthesis of one of the polypeptides synthesized by terminally non-dividing cells. Some preliminary biochemical properties of these two polypeptides are examined.
An Electrically Small Multi-Frequency Genetic Antenna Immersed in a Dielectric Powder

In this paper, we investigate the performance of an electrically small genetic antenna, immersed in several different powders having relative dielectric constants as large as 12. Placing the antenna in a dielectric reduces its electrical size from about 1/20th of a wavelength in free space to less than 1/50th of a wavelength, in a powder having a dielectric constant of 12, even for a dielectric volume just slightly larger than the antenna. Although the bandwidth decreases as the electrical size of the antenna becomes smaller, it is shown that for each dielectric powder, there is a set of frequencies for which the antenna is operational. It is thus possible to efficiently operate the antenna at specific frequencies within a wide band.
A Reduced-Order Modeling Framework for Integrated Thermo-Elastic Analysis of Hypersonic Vehicles

This paper presents an integrated, reduced-order thermo-elastic modeling framework for fundamental characterization of the impact of aerodynamic heating on the structural dynamics and controllability of hypersonic vehicle’s structures. The emphasis in this methodology is to obtain structural modes and frequencies as a function of the thermal boundary conditions and initial conditions without having to solve the full-order thermoelastic problem at every time step. This is motivated by the fact that control-oriented analysis and vehicle design require solution techniques that are computationally efficient and possess a low number of states. Knowledge of the transient structural dynamics over a flight trajectory will support the fully coupled aerothermoelastic/propulsion analysis and will enable the investigation of the movement of the poles and zeros of the linearized flight dynamics for determination of the required robustness of the flight control system. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is proposed for solution of the transient heat transfer problem. A structural dynamics solution procedure is outlined in which thermal effects are coupled to the structural dynamics through the discrete form of the Ritz method. Due to the high temperatures expected in hypersonic flight, the equations of motion include a temperature-dependent Young’s Modulus and the geometric stiffness matrix due to thermal stresses which will lead to coupling of the equations of motion. The methodology is exemplified using a representative hypersonic vehicle control surface as this structure is believed to have potentially the greatest impact on the dynamics of the vehicle.
Striatal serotonin receptors and dopamine release.

To the Editors: Lucas and Spampinato (2000) described our study (Wurtman and Balcioglu, 1998) as showing that ketanserin, a preferential serotonin 5-HT2A antagonist, failed to modify the enhancement of striatal dopamine (DA) efflux induced by intrastriatal infusion of 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)2-aminopropane (DOI). We, in fact, stated the following: “Local application of 1 mM DOI increased DA release to 250 6 90% of control values. Pretreatment with ketanserin blocked this increase and also reduced the basal release of DA to 27 6 5% of control values.” Thus our observations did not support Lucas and Spampinato’s conclusion that 5-HT2A receptors are not involved in mediating the enhancement of DA release by DOI. Aygul Balcioglu Richard J. Wurtman Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.
Factor-assisted DNA binding as a possible general mechanism for steroid receptors. Functional heterogeneity among activated receptor-steroid complexes

We previously reported that activated glucocorticoid receptor-steroid complexes from rat HTC cell cytosol exist as at least two sub-populations, one of which requires a low molecular weight (700-3000 Da) factor(s) for binding to DNA. This factor is removed by Sephadex G-50 chromatography and is found predominantly in extracts of crude HTC cell nuclei. We have now determined that factor is not limited to HTC cells since an apparently identical factor(s) was found in nuclear extracts of rat kidney and liver as well as human HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the DNA binding of a sub-population of human glucocorticoid receptors depends on factor. While these results were obtained with agonist (dexamethasone) bound receptors, a sub-population of HTC cell receptors covalently labeled by the antiglucocorticoid dexamethasone 21-mesylate also displayed factor-dependent DNA binding. This receptor heterogeneity was not an artifact of cell-free activation since the cell-free nuclear binding of dexamethasone mesylate labeled complexes was, as in intact cells, less than that for dexamethasone bound complexes. Earlier results suggested that the increased DNA binding with factor involved a direct interaction of receptor with factor(s). We now find that the factor-induced DNA binding is retained by amino terminal truncated (42 kDa) glucocorticoid receptors from HTC cells. Thus the ability of receptor to interact with factor(s) is encoded by the DNA and/or steroid binding domains. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of dexamethasone-mesylate labeled 98 kDa receptors revealed multiple charged isoforms for both sub-populations but no differences in the amount of the various isoforms in each sub-population. Finally, activated progesterone and estrogen receptor complexes were also found to be heterogeneous, with a similar, if not identical, small molecular weight factor(s) being required for the DNA binding of one sub-population. The observations that functional heterogeneity of receptors is not unique to glucocorticoid receptors, whether bound by an agonist or antagonist, and that the factor(s) is neither species nor tissue specific suggests that factor-assisted DNA binding may be a general mechanism for all steroid receptors.
Incidence of Alzheimer's disease in a rural community in India: the Indo-US study.

Objective: To determine overall and age-specific incidence rates of AD in a rural, population-based cohort in Ballabgarh, India, and to compare them with those of a reference US population in the Monongahela Valley of Pennsylvania. Methods: A 2-year, prospective, epidemiologic study of subjects aged ≥55 years utilizing repeated cognitive and functional ability screening, followed by standardized clinical evaluation using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for the diagnosis, and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale for the staging, of dementia and AD. Results: Incidence rates per 1000 person–years for AD with CDR ≥0.5 were 3.24 (95% CI: 1.48–6.14) for those aged ≥65 years and 1.74 (95% CI: 0.84–3.20) for those aged ≥55 years. Standardized against the age distribution of the 1990 US Census, the overall incidence rate in those aged ≥65 years was 4.7 per 1000 person–years, substantially lower than the corresponding rate of 17.5 per 1000 person–years in the Monongahela Valley. Conclusion: These are the first AD incidence rates to be reported from the Indian subcontinent, and they appear to be among the lowest ever reported. However, the relatively short duration of follow-up, cultural factors, and other potential confounders suggest caution in interpreting this finding.
Development of radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B2.

Abstract A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B 2 has been developed. Thromboxane B 2 antiplasma was produced in rabbits by repeated immunization with thromboxane B 2 coupled to bovine serum albumin. [ 125 I]-labeled antigen with high specific activity was prepared by radioiodination of thromboxane B 2 -tyrosine methyl ester conjugate followed by purification with thin-layer chromatography. Thromboxane B 2 antiplasma cross-reacted less than 0.05% with PGD 2 or PGF 20 and less than 0.01% with other prostaglandins, arachidonic acid, or endoperoxide analogs. The sensitivity of the assay was 5 pg per assay tube.
Inhibition of NADPH Oxidoreductase Promotes Apoptosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells

Study Objective: To determine the impact of uterine fibroids, particularly large uterine fibroids, on obstetric outcomes. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patients: Women noted to have uterine fibroids on obstetric ultrasound performed at Hutzel Women’s Hospital beginning September 2009 and who delivered by April 2010 were identified and charts reviewed for demographic information, ultrasound findings, and obstetric outcomes. 39 women who did not have fibroids on ultrasound during the same study period served as controls. Measurements and Main Results: 40 women with fibroids noted on ultrasound delivered during the study period, of which 15 had large fibroids (>5cm). Compared to women with no fibroids or small fibroids, gestational age at delivery was significantly earlier in women with large fibroids (38.5 2.6 vs 36.1 6.3 vs 35.8 4.4 wks, p=.048) and rate of cesarean section was significantly higher (38.5% vs 33.3% vs 66.7%, p=0.43). For women with large fibroids, 10.0% of cesarean sections were elective repeats, compared to 26.7% and 54.5% in women with no fibroids and small fibroids, respectively. Estimated blood loss and rate of blood transfusion were also significantly higher in women with large fibroids, likely due to a higher cesarean section rate in this group. Preterm delivery was associated with number of fibroids >5cm (p=.005) and arrest of labor with total number of fibroids (p\.001). No significant differences between groups were found with respect to placenta previa/accreta, intrauterine growth restriction, short cervix, malpresentation, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, endometritis, infant birth weight, Apgar score, and umbilical artery pH. Women with large fibroids had an older maternal age at delivery. Race, gravidity, parity, and BMI were not statistically different between groups. Conclusion:Womenwith pregnancies complicated by large uterine fibroids delivered at an earlier gestational age compared with women with small fibroids or no fibroids. Moreover, the rate of cesarean section was significantly higher in women with large fibroids.
Tribochemical Polymerization of Adsorbed n-Pentanol on SiO2 during Rubbing: When Does It Occur and Is It Responsible for Effective Vapor Phase Lubrication?†

The origin and role of tribochemical reaction products formed while sliding silicon oxide surfaces in the presence of adsorbed alcohol molecules in equilibrium with the vapor phase were studied. Wear and friction coefficient studies with varying contact loads and n-pentanol vapor environments were used to determine under what operating conditions the tribochemical reaction species was produced. Imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and microinfrared spectroscopy found that hydrocarbon species with a molecular weight higher than the starting vapor molecules are produced when there is wear of the SiO2 surface. When the n-pentanol vapor lubrication is effective and the silicon oxide surface does not wear, then the tribochemical polymerization products are negligible. These results imply that the tribochemical polymerization is associated with the substrate wear process occurring due to insufficient adsorbate supply or high mechanical load. The tribochemical reactions do not seem to be the pr...
Exercise Performance and Body Dimensions in Anorexia Nervosa before and after Rehabilitation

The boys and five girls (mean age 15.0 y.) with anorexia nervosa (AN) were studied before and after a treatment which restored their body weight to normal. Before treatment the patients' average weight loss was 25% of their premorbid weight. The function and dimensions of the oxygen transport system were determined with heart (HV) and blood (BV) volumes, lean body mass (LBM) and exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer with determination of maximal aerobic power (VO2 max). Before treatment, the patients had bradycardia and hypotension. HV and BV decreased in proportion to the loss of body weight. During maximal exercise, attainable oxygen uptake and heart rate were low. VO2 max decreased out of proportion to the circulatory and body dimensions. After treatment, HV and BV increased in proportion to the rise in body weight. LBM increased significantly in all patients. Heart rates at rest and during exercise were within the range of normal and VO2 max increased. It is concluded that the circulatory system is highly adaptive to the low caloric intake in AN and is totally normalized after weight gain.
A general topology Godunov method

We describe a numerical technique for solving 2-dimensional compressible multimaterial problems using a general topology mesh. Multimaterial problems are characterized by the presence of interfaces whose shapes may become arbitrarily complex in the course of dynamic evolution. Computational methods based on more conventional fixed-connectivity quadrilateral meshes do not have adequate flexibility to follow convoluted interface shapes and frequently fail due to excessive mesh distortion. The present method is based on a mesh of arbitrary polygonal cells. Because this mesh is dual to a triangulation, its topology is unrestricted and it is able to accommodate arbitrary boundary shapes. Additionally, this mesh is able to quickly and smoothly change local mesh resolution, thus economizing on the number of mesh cells, and it is able to improve mesh isotropy because in a region of uniform mesh the cells tend to become regular hexagons. The underlying algorithms are based on those of the CAVEAT code. These consist of an explicit, finite-volume, cell-centered, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) technique, coupled with the Godunov method, which together are readily adaptable to a general topology mesh. Several special techniques have been developed for this extension to a more general mesh. They include an interface propagation scheme based on Huygens' construction, a ''near-Lagrangian'' mesh rezoning algorithm that minimizes advection while enhancing mesh regularity, an efficient global remapping algorithm that is capable of conservatively transferring quantities from one general mesh to another and various mesh restructering algorithms, such as mesh reconnection, smoothing, and point addition and deletion.
The Concept of Classic Interstitial Pneumonitis-Fibrosis (CIP-F) as a Clinicopathologic Syndrome

The records of 81 patients with a roentgenologic pattern of diffuse reticulonodular pulmonary disease and a pathologic diagnosis of chronic interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis were reviewed. All had restrictive patterns on pulmonary function testing with impairment of CO diffusing capacity. The most common features were characteristic dry rales, digital clubbing, and evidence of altered immune activity. Twenty patients manifested evidence of other disease thought to be of an autoimmune or hypersensitivity nature, with the pulmonary lesion dominating the clinical picture. The concept of “classic interstitial pneumonitis-fibrosis (CIP-F)” as a clinicopathologic syndrome has been proposed with the following categories: (1) definite-complete syndrome with rales, clubbing, and evidence of altered immune activity; (2) probable- rales and clubbing without evidence of altered immune activity; and (3) possible -histopathologic finding with or without evidence of altered immune activity but no rales or clubbing. Some patients progress from possible CIP-F to definite CIP-F; the latter category implies chronicity and commensurately worse prognosis.
Anatomic Studies of the Cardiac Conduction System in Congenital Malformations of the Heart

A frequent and serious complication of certain intracardiac procedures is heart block, produced by operative injury to the conduction pathways. The anatomic relationship of the conduction system to cardiac defects has previously been studied only in isolated cases of heart block. This report deals with a study, by means of serial sections and reconstructions, of the relationships of the atrioventricular node and bundle to a variety of congenital defects in the area of the membranous ventricular septum.
Revisiting low-dose total skin electron beam therapy in mycosis fungoides.

Purpose Total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) is a highly effective treatment for mycosis fungoides (MF). The standard course consists of 30 to 36 Gy delivered over an 8- to 10-week period. This regimen is time intensive and associated with significant treatment-related toxicities including erythema, desquamation, anhydrosis, alopecia, and xerosis. The aim of this study was to identify a lower dose alternative while retaining a favorable efficacy profile. Methods and Materials One hundred two MF patients were identified who had been treated with an initial course of low-dose TSEBT (5– n = 51), T3 (tumor, n = 29), and T4 (erythrodermic, n = 22). Those with extracutaneous disease were excluded. Results Overall response (OR) rates (>50% improvement) were 90% among patients with T2 to T4 disease receiving 5 to n = 19). In comparison, OR rates between the 10 to Conclusions OR rates associated with low-dose TSEBT in the ranges of 10 to
Perspective---Professional Work: The Emergence of Collaborative Community

This paper traces the main lines of evolution of the organization of professional work. The argument is illustrated with material on the case of doctors and hospitals. While market and hierarchy principles have become progressively more salient in professional work, we argue that, in parallel, the community principle has been growing more influential, too. We further argue that professional community is mutating from a Gemeinschaft, craft guild form, via Gesellschaft forms, toward a new, collaborative form. This evolution, however, is a difficult one, and the outcome is uncertain. We identify some implications for future research.
A comparative study of monooxygenase activity in elasmobranchs and mammals: Activation of the model pro-carcinogen aflatoxin B1 by liver preparations of calf, nurse shark and clearnose skate

Abstract 1. Liver microsome preparations of the elasmobranchs Ginglymostoma cirratum (nurse shark) and Raja eglanteria (cleamose skate) were examined for monooxygenase activity using aflatoxin B 1 as substrate. 2. At equiprotein concentrations, elasmobranch microsomes were less than 20%a as active as calf liver in producing mutagenic metabolites of aflatoxin B 1 .
U.S. women on the “right” side of the fence at Greenham

Abstract This short paper describes the thoughts and feelings of a woman from the United States who went to Greenham Common in December 1983 to lend support in the struggle against the arms race. Her reflections point out the personal and political import of confronting and resisting those who create a “distorted reality”.
Mesenchymal stem cell mechanosensing in engineered fibrillar microenvironments

ECM mechanics influence basic cellular functions (eg. spreading, proliferation and differentiation), thereby affecting biological processes in development, tissue homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Synthetic hydrogel matrices, given the precise control they afford, have been crucial to studying cellular mechanosensing. However, a major caveat to our understanding is the difference between widely studied hydrogel systems and the topographically and mechanically more complex ECM cells routinely reside within in vivo. In contrast to the flat expanse of cell adhesive ligand and linear elastic, continuum behavior of typical gel systems, within the body, cell-scale mechanics and ligand availability are entwined, both defined by the presence and organization of fibrillar proteins composing the ECM. Given these striking differences, an understanding of how cells sense the mechanics of their surroundings in fibrillar contexts remains an open challenge. To contrast how cells sense ECM mechanics within gels and fibrillar contexts, we designed a material processable into flat gels or suspended networks of electrospun fibers. The moduli of these materials are tunable and cell adhesivity is defined through the addition of RGD. Interestingly, we find that the well-described relationships between stiffness and cell spreading or proliferation identified in studies employing gels may not translate to fibrillar networks. Furthermore, active cellular forces resulted in visible deformations and reorganization of fibrous networks in a stiffness-dependent manner; such remodeling events do not occur in gels. Taken together, we describe a novel material system and initial studies towards a fundamental understanding of how cells probe their surroundings in more physiologic, fibrillar contexts.
Porosity effects in hydrogen reduction of iron oxides

The rates of reduction of hematite to magnetite and of magnetite to iron in hydrogen / nitrogen / water vapor atmospheres were each studied with respect to variation in temperature, gas composition, and solid pore structure. It is shown that at temperatures below 350°C, the reactions are under chemical kinetic control, and diffusional limitations are negligible. The activation energies for the reduction of hematite to magnetite and of magnetite to iron were found to be 185 kJ / mol and 76.6 k J / mol, respectively. Both reactions exhibit first-order behavior for hydrogen partial pressures less than 76 kPa. The conversion and rate data for each reaction were interpreted in terms of the random pore model of Bhatia and Perlmutter (1980), which takes into account the detailed pore structure of the starting material as well as the changes that occur as the reaction proceeds. The model predictions of conversion with time agree with the measured data to within 2%, and the rate vs. conversion predictions agree to within 5%.