cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2013 strategic petroleum reserve big hill well integrity grading report.

This report summarizes the work performed in developing a framework for the prioritization of cavern access wells for remediation and monitoring at the Big Hill Strategic Petroleum Reserve site. This framework was then applied to all 28 wells at the Big Hill site with each well receiving a grade for remediation and monitoring. Numerous factors affecting well integrity were incorporated into the grading framework including casing survey results, cavern pressure history, results from geomechanical simulations, and site geologic factors. The framework was developed in a way as to be applicable to all four of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve sites.
Magic bullet: Paul Ehrlich, Salvarsan and the birth of venereology.

In the years following its discovery, Salvarsan would have impacts far beyond that of syphilis treatment alone. Salvarsan's expansion would eventually reshape the broader landscape of venereal disease service delivery in the UK. In August 1913, Paul Ehrlich presented at the International Medical Congress in London,1 where he dazzled the medical community with his new cure.2 Prompted by the novelty of Ehrlich's magic bullet, Parliament passed a resolution enacting a new Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases charged with directing venereal disease (VD) policy in the UK. The new commissioners stated that ‘there are good grounds for concluding that eradication of the spirochaete with complete cure, or a total absence of subsequent …
Estimating the biophysical properties of neurons with intracellular calcium dynamics.

We investigate the dynamics of a conductance-based neuron model coupled to a model of intracellular calcium uptake and release by the endoplasmic reticulum. The intracellular calcium dynamics occur on a time scale that is orders of magnitude slower than voltage spiking behavior. Coupling these mechanisms sets the stage for the appearance of chaotic dynamics, which we observe within certain ranges of model parameter values. We then explore the question of whether one can, using observed voltage data alone, estimate the states and parameters of the voltage plus calcium (V+Ca) dynamics model. We find the answer is negative. Indeed, we show that voltage plus another observed quantity must be known to allow the estimation to be accurate. We show that observing both the voltage time course $V(t)$ and the intracellular Ca time course will permit accurate estimation, and from the estimated model state, accurate prediction after observations are completed. This sets the stage for how one will be able to use a more detailed model of V+Ca dynamics in neuron activity in the analysis of experimental data on individual neurons as well as functional networks in which the nodes (neurons) have these biophysical properties.
Advanced airborne and ground geophysical technology for mineral exploration

Mineral deposits that are economical to exploit are exceeding difficult and expensive to discover and evaluate. Furthermore accessing the ground and drilling holes in prospective areas are a challenge in these socially and environmentally-sensitive times. Over most of its history, Newmont Mining Corporation has developed and applied technology for the purpose of mineral exploration. Both ground and airborne-based system have been utilized. The most recently-developed airborne geophysical system is called NEWTEM, while our recent focus on ground-based systems has resulted in the development of an advanced induced polarization (IP) system called NEWDAS. Both systems are coupled with capable data processing and interpretation methodologies and have been used extensively in our exploration programs.
Discussion on Current Epidemic Status of AIDS in Jiuquan Municipality and Prevention Measures in Low Endemic Area

Objective: To provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention measures by analyzing current epidemic status and the features of AIDS in Jiuquan municipality. Methods: All 85 cases of medical records and the related information reported from 2004 to 2012 in Jiuquan were retrospectively analyzed. Results: AIDS medical records in Jiuquan showed an uptrend year by year, medical cases of local residence increased obviously; it was sexually transmitted mostly and occupied 81.18%; the youngest patient was 11 years old, the oldest one was 74 years, most of the patients aged between 20 and 49 years, the patients aged between 30 and 39 years, they accounted for 44.71%; the ratio of male and female patients were four to one; occupation diversity, the patients were farmer and migrant laborers mainly, they held 16.47% and 15.29% respectively. Conclusion: Epidemic situation of AIDS in Jiuquan is serious, the speed of AIDS spreading between male patients is increased rapidly; and it shows the tendency of spreading from high-risk group to common people. We must enhance health education of AIDS prevention knowledge and the intervention of high-risk behavior by focusing on local features, establish better mode of knowledge, attitude, belief and practice; increase the intensity of monitoring and detecting, especially improving the service of VCT and PITC; enhance the management of AIDS-infected person and the follow-up of the patients, stop the spreading to others and effectively control the transmission of AIDS.
Trajectory Tracking Control for a 7-DOF Cable-Driven Modular Manipulator

This paper presents a hybrid-driven approach with cable-driven and convention-driven designs for a 7-DOF manipulator.This approach combines the advantages of both cable-driven parallel mechanism and modular serial structure,so that the workspace of the hybrid-driven manipulator is larger than that of the conventional cable-driven design.The hybrid mechanism design of the manipulator is presented firstly,which has a modular serial structure in shoulder joint and a cable-driven structure in elbow and wrist joint respectively.Then the forward kinematics of the manipulator is solved with geometry analysis.After relationship between the cable length and the joint angle is analyzed,the velocity analysis and incremental displacement analysis are respectively employed to calculate the inverse kinematic solution.Finally,a straight-line motion trajectory tracking for the hybrid cable-driven manipulator is realized with VC++ software,and the effectiveness of proposed approach is verified with simulation.
A Novel Low-frequency Sinusoidal Frequency Measurement Method Based on Phase Modulation

Precise sinusoidal frequency measurement is one of the fundamental methods for some applications. In the aspect of low-frequency sinusoidal frequency measurement,the current frequency measurement methods have the defects of low accuracy and weak anti-interference. To improve the accuracy of the low-frequency measurement,this article proposes a novel low-frequency measurement based on the phase modulation and the precise phase calculation method. In addition,the principle of low-frequency sinusoidal measurement based on Phase modulation is analyzed. It points out that the mixed-frequency interference is the main cause of the low-frequency measurement error. By severely inhibiting the interference of mixed-frequency,the accuracy of low-frequency sinusoidal measurement is improved. When applied in the measurement of power system's low-frequency signal,the new method has the characteristics of higher accuracy,anti-noise and anti-interference of harmonic wave.Mathematical calculation,simulation test and the physical experiment results also verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Predictors of student performance on the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment at a new school of pharmacy using admissions and demographic data.

Abstract Objectives To characterize student performance on the Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes Assessment (PCOA) and to determine the significance of specific admissions criteria and pharmacy school performance to predict student performance on the PCOA during the first through third professional years. Methods Multivariate linear regression models were developed to study the relationships between various independent variables and studentsʼ PCOA total scores during the first through third professional years. Results To date, four cohorts have successfully taken the PCOA examination. Results indicate that the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT), the Health Science Reasoning Test (HSRT), and cumulative pharmacy grade point average were the only consistent significant predictors of higher PCOA total scores across all students who have taken the exam at our school of pharmacy. Conclusion The school should examine and clarify the role of PCOA within its curricular assessment program. Results suggest that certain admissions criteria and performance in pharmacy school are associated with higher PCOA scores.
Self-Assessment Cases: Basic

The reader should now be familiar with the technical principles behind image acquisition and should understand the general guidelines regarding interpretation of noncardiac findings during SPECT MPI. Section IV contains 36 challenging cases that the reader can use for reinforcement of learned knowledge and application of interpretative skills. Within this self-assessment section, there are three chapters, each with 12 cases, which have increasing levels of complexity and difficulty: basic (Chap. 27), intermediate (Chap. 28), and advanced (Chap. 29).
Diana and beyond: White femininity, national identity and contemporary media culture, by Raka Shome

Readers of Popular Communication are more familiar than most with how global flows of material culture and popular media create sites where meaning and identity are contested and forged. Today, it ...
Chelation for diabetes complications: A neglected approach?

在本期杂志中,Zou等人1报告了铁螯合剂去铁酮在糖尿病肾病动物模型中的作用,他们令人信服地证实了去铁酮可以减少炎症与纤维化,并且还证实了这些作用是通过调节组织金属蛋白酶的活性来介导的。长期以来一些有趣的证据表明,铜与铁在代谢中具有重要的作用,如果过剩,就有可能会增加活性氧的形成,导致糖尿病并发症进一步发展,已有一些螯合药物具有潜在获益的研究2–4。目前认为晚期糖基化终末产物抑制剂与阻断剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、血管紧张素受体阻滞剂、醛糖还原酶抑制剂5以及石榴6都具有螯合活性,可以减少氧化应激并且还具有一些潜在的可以介导这些获益的效应。在2型糖尿病(T2D)动物模型中,铁螯合剂去铁酮可减少脂肪重量、脂肪细胞大小、脂肪组织巨噬细胞浸润以及负荷后血糖7。给予1型糖尿病肾病模型地拉罗司治疗后,发现可以去除膳食中的铁,导致肾脏中的铁蓄积及炎症细胞都有所减少8。有趣的是,在链脲霉素诱导的糖尿病动物模型中,选择性的铜螯合剂三亚乙基四胺(TETA)可以减少蛋白尿并且有证据表明可以改善心脏功能,然而去铁酮、D-青霉胺以及锌都没有表现出有这些益处9。 一些临床试验支持以下这个概念,亦即螯合作用可能有益于预防糖尿病并发症。在一项随机对照试验中,TETA可减少合并左心室肥厚的T2D患者的左心室体积10;同一个研究小组还报告了这种药物在糖尿病肾病模型中可减少肾脏纤维化与蛋白尿11,在糖尿病心肌病模型中也具有潜在的疗效12。在一项为期24个月的试验中,纳入了50名合并中度肾功能不全并且体内铅负荷处于正常高限的T2D患者,使用EDTA动员试验进行测定,给予EDTA后发现肾小球滤过率下降13。在一项安慰剂对照研究中,1708名患者心肌梗死后给予EDTA治疗,发现不良心血管结果减少了18%14,但是对633名糖尿病患者进行亚组分析后发现终点事件减少了多达41%,提示随机接受螯合剂 + 高剂量维生素治疗的糖尿病患者的终点事件额外减少了15,但是在非糖尿病患者中却没有看到这种益处16;已经计划进行关于这种疗法的随机对照试验17。 螯合作用疗法是一种被忽视的糖尿病并发症治疗方法吗?这些治疗方法对于铁、铅、铜超负荷的疾病状态具有公认的疗效,但是在医学界一直存在着很大的疑虑,有证据表明有些螯合作用疗法并没有循证医学的证据支持18。我们乐于接受Zou等1的研究,期待继续进行研究以便我们能够进一步地了解与探索这种潜在的治疗方法。
A Clinical Evaluation of the Competing Sources of Input Hypothesis.

Purpose Our purpose was to test the competing sources of input (CSI) hypothesis by evaluating an intervention based on its principles. This hypothesis proposes that children's use of main verbs wit...
Migration and Popular Resistance in Rural China: Wukan and Beyond

This study draws on a case study of Wukan and interviews with migrants and peasants in other sites to examine how migration shapes popular resistance in migrant-sending communities (i.e. rural China). Findings demonstrate multidimensional roles played by migrants and returned migrants who act as a vehicle of informational and ideological transmission and at times directly participate in or even lead rural resistance in origin communities. Both the transmission and participation processes foster political consciousness and action orientations among peasants. The importance of migrants is exemplified in the Wukan protests but is also found in other settings under study. In general, migrants represent a latent political force that acts upon serious grievances back home. The findings provide a useful lens for understanding the diffusion of popular resistance and the linkage between urban and rural activism in China.
Weyl semimetal and topological phase transition in five dimensions

We study two Weyl semimetal generalizations in five dimensions (5D) which have Yang monopoles and linked Weyl surfaces in the Brillouin zone, respectively, and carry the second Chern number as a topological number. In particular, we show a Yang monopole naturally reduces to a Hopf link of two Weyl surfaces when the $\mathbf{TP}$ (time reversal combined with space inversion) symmetry is broken. We then examine the phase transition between insulators with different topological numbers in 5D. In analogy to the three-dimensional case, 5D Weyl semimetals emerge as intermediate phases during the topological phase transition.
Decision Tools to Improve Personalized Care in Cardiovascular Disease: Moving the Art of Medicine Toward Science.

> If it were not for the great variability among individuals, medicine might as well be a science, not an art. > > —Sir William Osler, 1892 The proliferation of data collected in routine clinical care and advances in quantitative analytic methods have created immediate opportunities to individualize cardiovascular care through the use of decision tools. Such tools rely on the analysis of simple variables collected from medical records or direct patient observation to identify those with the most to gain or lose from treatment, as determined by the collective experiences of similar patients treated previously. However, a number of obstacles limit the creation and use of decision tools. Here, we review the theoretical foundation of decision tools, highlight examples of successful efforts to model heterogeneity in treatment benefit, and suggest future goals to better use quantitative methods to personalize care. Arguments in favor of decision tools rest on 3 premises. First, differences in risk between patients must be identifiable by the tool more reliably than by clinical judgment alone (identifiable heterogeneity). Second, the identified risks should be modifiable by clinical decisions (actionability). Third, the tool should be able to be adopted into practice without disruption to patient care or work flow (implementability). Although the requirement for patient heterogeneity to enable personalized medicine may be self-evident, much of the literature that currently shapes cardiovascular practice fails to offer meaningful information to help clinicians identify or act on heterogeneity. Randomized trials typically report the overall treatment effect observed in the entire study sample as …
Microfinance bundling and consumer protection: experimental evidence from Colombia.

Bundling micro-insurance with loans should help not only decrease costs and therefore increase take-up but may also decrease financial inclusion if the insurance and/or loan are refused. We implement a randomised control trial in which a voluntary crop micro-insurance product is offered jointly with a loan application or separately (at a later date). The delayed offer of insurance did not influence overall insurance take-up or coverage amount but had heterogeneous impacts by crop, supporting the idea that bundling microfinance products is an opportunity more than a constraint. Yet, low product understanding also highlights the need for well-designed and effective consumer protection policies.
PROSPERITY THEOLOGY: MERE SYMPTOM OF GRAVER PROBLEMS IN NEO-PENTECOSTALISM

This article focuses on the Neo-Pentecostal Movement, particularly in Brazil but also in other Global South contexts, which is a principal advocate the prosperity theology message. However, this same movement, as explained herein, actually promotes and sustains other characteristics in addition to the prosperity message, which pose significant challenges to evangelical missions. Include two aspects: an unredeemed, animistic worldview and an inadequate evangelical soteriology. Gaining the understanding of such complexities will hopefully lead to a more compassionate posture and better evangelistic strategies to serve Neo-Pentecostal adherents. Keywords : Prosperity Theology. Neo-Pentecostal. Pentecostal. Lausanne Movement. Missions. Universal Church of the Kingdom of God Resumo : Esse artigo focaliza no movimento neopentecostal, particularmente no Brasil, mas tambem em outros contextos do Hemisferio Sul, que e o principal movimento defensor da mensagem da Teologia da Prosperidade. Contudo, esse mesmo movimento, conforme e explicado aqui, promove e sustenta outras caracteristicas em adicao a mensagem da prosperidade, o que apresenta desafios significativos as missoes evangelicas. Isso inclui dois aspectos: 1) uma cosmovisao animista e 2) uma soteriologia evangelica inadequada. O entendimento de tais complexidades pode, conforme se espera, levar a uma postura mais compassiva e a melhores estrategias para servir aos adeptos neopentecostais. Palavras-chave : Teologia da Prosperidade. Neopentecostal. Pentecostal. Movimento de Lausanne. Missoes. Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus.
Glutamylation Regulates Transport, Specializes Function, and Sculpts the Structure of Cilia

Summary Ciliary microtubules (MTs) are extensively decorated with post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as glutamylation of tubulin tails. PTMs and tubulin isotype diversity act as a "tubulin code" that regulates cytoskeletal stability and the activity of MT-associated proteins such as kinesins. We previously showed that, in C. elegans cilia, the deglutamylase CCPP-1 affects ciliary ultrastructure, localization of the TRP channel PKD-2 and the kinesin-3 KLP-6, and velocity of the kinesin-2 OSM-3/KIF17, whereas a cell-specific α-tubulin isotype regulates ciliary ultrastructure, intraflagellar transport, and ciliary functions of extracellular vesicle (EV)-releasing neurons. Here we examine the role of PTMs and the tubulin code in the ciliary specialization of EV-releasing neurons using genetics, fluorescence microscopy, kymography, electron microscopy, and sensory behavioral assays. Although the C. elegans genome encodes five tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) glutamylases, only ttll-11 specifically regulates PKD-2 localization in EV-releasing neurons. In EV-releasing cephalic male (CEM) cilia, TTLL-11 and the deglutamylase CCPP-1 regulate remodeling of 9+0 MT doublets into 18 singlet MTs. Balanced TTLL-11 and CCPP-1 activity fine-tunes glutamylation to control the velocity of the kinesin-2 OSM-3/KIF17 and kinesin-3 KLP-6 without affecting the intraflagellar transport (IFT) kinesin-II. TTLL-11 is transported by ciliary motors. TTLL-11 and CCPP-1 are also required for the ciliary function of releasing bioactive EVs, and TTLL-11 is itself a novel EV cargo. Therefore, MT glutamylation, as part of the tubulin code, controls ciliary specialization, ciliary motor-based transport, and ciliary EV release in a living animal. We suggest that cell-specific control of MT glutamylation may be a conserved mechanism to specialize the form and function of cilia.
On the pedagogical functions of the city: a morphology of adolescence in Athens, 1967 – 1973

This essay looks at the city as a space of affective, cognitive and social exploration that supports the formation of self during adolescence. The first part reconstructs memories of a particular morphology of growing up in Athens, Greece. Here, the use of the word ‘morphology’ refers to the spaces, movements and perceptions of the city that are inexorably linked with the evolution of intentional actions, habitual behaviors, and social interactions. This morphology is subsequently analyzed according to the geography, social principles and social networks involved. The final part of the essay proposes a definition of the pedagogical functions of the city. It is argued that the spatial morphology of the city supports the development of the cognitive and affective codes that underpin the open-ended exploration of environment as part of the process of identity development.
Food Transfer Among Adult Lion Tamarins: Mutualism, Reciprocity or One-Sided Relationships?

Tamarins (Callitrichidae) are cooperative breeders. Groups typically contain only two or three breeding individuals and subordinate group members are reproductively suppressed. Nonreproductive individuals, which are usually the offspring of the group's breeding members, delay dispersal while providing care to infant siblings. Callitrichid breeder-infant and helper-infant relationships have been well studied but empirical studies regarding the dynamics of breeder-helper relationships are sparse. I examined food-transfer interactions among parents and natal adults in 7 groups of captive lion tamarins, Leontopithecus spp., to test whether relationships are maintained by mutualism or reciprocity or are to the benefit of one side of a dyad. Individuals that had recently received food from a group member most frequently released food to the previous donor as their next act of transfer. Conversely, food transfer was not dependent on symmetrical relationships within groups over a time frame of several weeks. These results suggest that mutualism plays a role in the maintenance of food-transfer relationships but reciprocity does not. However, there is evidence for a reciprocal relationship between grooming and food transfer in one group. Subadults and adults living in their natal groups transferred proportionally more food to mothers than to oppositely-sexed subadult and adult siblings. Thus, individuals most likely to receive aggression preferentially released food to individuals most likely to inflict injury upon them. Although these results support the coercion hypothesis, they may suggest alternatively that food transfer by helpers to breeding adults is driven by inclusive fitness considerations.
Combining Survey and Non-survey Data for Improved Sub-area Prediction Using a Multi-level Model

Combining information from different sources is an important practical problem in survey sampling. Using a hierarchical area-level model, we establish a framework to integrate auxiliary information to improve state-level area estimates. The best predictors are obtained by the conditional expectations of latent variables given observations, and an estimate of the mean squared prediction error is discussed. Sponsored by the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the US Department of Agriculture, the proposed model is applied to the planted crop acreage estimation problem by combining information from three sources, including the June Area Survey obtained by a probability-based sampling of lands, administrative data about the planted acreage and the cropland data layer, which is a commodity-specific classification product derived from remote sensing data. The proposed model combines the available information at a sub-state level called the agricultural statistics district and aggregates to improve state-level estimates of planted acreages for different crops. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line.
The Role of Teaching Ethics in Teaching Ethics Across the Curriculum

In this article we, the current editors of Teaching Ethics, give a basic overview of the goals, purpose, and contribution of the journal Teaching Ethics. This proceeds in three sections. First, we look at the stated purpose of the journal and the Society for Ethics Across the Curriculum. Second, we briefly discuss six areas of clear benefit offered by Teaching Ethics. Finally, we briefly discuss our view of the journal and the importance of the diversity of disciplines that are represented in the journal.
Physiology of Pregnancy

The purpose of this review is to familiarize the trauma practitioner with the normal physiologic changes of pregnancy allowing them to recognize when a traumatic injury has caused a derangement to one of these physiologic systems. While nearly every physiologic system is changed during pregnancy, this review focuses on the changes which are clinically relevant to the trauma patient. While there is scant new literature in this area, we review many of the landmark studies and essential text which have allowed practitioners to understand the complex physiology of the pregnant patient. This article summarizes the physiologic changes in anatomy, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, the hematologic system, and the musculoskeletal system and highlights the relevant clinical findings which guide evaluation and management of the pregnant trauma patient.
A novel gel liner system with embedded electrodes for use with upper limb myoelectric prostheses

We present the development and evaluation of a gel liner system for upper limb prosthesis users that enables acquisition of electromyographic (myoelectric) control signals through embedded electrodes and flexible, conductive fabric leads. This liner system is constructed using a manufacturing approach rather than by modifying a commercially available liner. To evaluate the efficacy, eight male individuals with transhumeral amputations used this system, with standard myoelectric prostheses, for home trials lasting an average of 7.3 weeks. Before and after the home trials, electrical resistance of the cumulative 218 embedded electrodes and leads within 10 gel liner systems was measured and found to increase slightly (from an average of 13.4 to 27.5 Ω) after usage. While this increase was statistically significant (p = 0.001), all but one of the final resistance values remained low enough to enable consistent myoelectric control. User impressions were evaluated through a questionnaire comparing the liner prototypes to their own myoelectric prosthesis socket interface. Subjects preferred the liner prototype (p = 0.008) over their own system in the clinical areas of comfort, suspension, function, and, especially, ease of use. These results suggest that this gel liner system is a clinically viable option and that it may offer advantages over current clinical technology for users of upper limb myoelectric prostheses.
Abnormal Optimal Controls and Open Problems in Nonholonomic Steering

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the abnormal optimal controls and open problems in nonholonomic steering. It presents an argument that abnormal extremals are of fundamental importance at least for a certain class of steering problems. The Hamiltonian equations governing the abnormal controls are related to Diracs generalized mechanics. The chapter presents a Hamiltonian proof of the fundamental observation of Hsu's that abnormal extremals are characteristic curves of a certain submanifold canonically defined by the control laws. It describes the equivalence of a class of time optimal control problems to corresponding length and energy minimization problems. For this class of problems, the control bounds for time optimization defines a convex set for which zero is not an extreme point. The corresponding length functional is the Finsler structure associated to this convex body. The controls always evolve unitarily, even in the abnormal case.
Some Unfortunate Consequences of Non-Randomized, Grouped-Item Survey Administration in IS Research

Arranging survey items to group measures of the same construct together has several benefits, including ease of administration and enhanced statistical reliability and validity of constructs. Yet some IS researchers claim this practice contributes to common methods bias and camouflages “true” measures of reliability. Our study takes a new approach to this issue by using a range of IS research measures in an online survey context to contrast grouped-item survey administration with a design in which the ordering of item administration is programmatically re-randomized for each individual subject. We find significant differences in construct reliability between grouped-item and individually randomized treatments as well as strong temporal effects and widespread anomalies related to item-ordering in the grouped-item treatment. Our results suggest the purported benefits of grouped-item surveys are outweighed by hazards these create to the integrity of research findings, and we caution IS researchers against their continued use.
Beyond Estimating Battery State of Health: Identifiability of Individual Electrode Capacity and Utilization

One of the important aspects of a State of Health (SOH) estimation algorithm is to not only give a measure of the cell capacity but also to provide information on degradation of individual electrodes. In this paper, individual electrode capacity and utilization window are proposed as parameters related to individual electrode degradation. These parameters are then identified using the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) and their identifiability is studied for different operating windows. The windows are motivated by practical limitations in the availability of data for deep discharged and full charged states in real-world battery applications. The identifiability analysis here is based on the condition number of the normalized sensitivity matrix with respect to the data window size and location. This classical metric is then used to tie the identifiability of the electrode parameters with data acquired around phase transitions of the electrode material. It is shown that having data at phase transitions provides better identifiability of the individual electrode parameters. It is noted that the results agree with the long-established method, Differential Voltage Analysis (DVA), used by electrochemists. In DVA, the terminal voltage data across phase transitions is used to compute shifts in the peak locations in the dV/dQ curve and relate to electrode capacity.
Towards Selecting Best Combination of SQL-on-Hadoop Systems and JVMs

While Hadoop is the de facto standard big-data middleware, many frameworks have been developed on top of it. Since many SQL-on-Hadoop systems are available, we often consider which engine is best for our queries. We can choose not only query engines but also Java virtual machines (JVMs) as well. As their systems become more complex, however, it is not always true that a single system performs best at any time. Moreover, the performance of a mismatched system may degrade greatly. To exploit the best performance, it is important to know what type of queries are suitable for a system and then to schedule queries for the appropriate system. In this paper, we evaluated the TPC-DS benchmark on a combination of query engines (Spark and Tez) and JVMs (J9 and OpenJDK). We found that using different engines lead to a drawback of over 10 times and that using different JVMs leads to a drawback of 3 times. We also analyzed the characteristics of each combination and then proposed classification models for selecting the best combination of systems with a generated query plan. As a result, we achieved a performance improvement of up to two times in total with the classifier.
Analytical thermal stress modeling in electronics and photonics engineering: Application of the concept of interfacial compliance

Application of the concept of interfacial compliance in analytical thermal stress modeling in electronics and photonics engineering is addressed. The review is based mostly on the author’s research...
Comparison of common pretransplant assessment scores: A single institution experience.

e18004 Background: With the most recent incorporation of age variable in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index (HSCT-CI/Age), we sought to evaluate its usefulness in comparison t...
Online Learning for Commercial Buildings

There is increasing interest in designing optimization-based techniques for the control of building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems for either improving the energy efficiency of buildings or providing ancillary services to the electric grid. The performance of such prediction-based control techniques relies heavily on models of a building's thermal dynamics. However, the development of high-fidelity building thermal dynamic models is challenging, given the presence of large uncertainties that affect thermal loads in buildings, such as building envelope performance, thermal mass, internal heat gains, and occupant behavior. In this paper, we propose a method to identify both a resistive-capacitive parametric model and nonparametric load uncertainties using measured input-output data. The parametric model is obtained using semiparametric regression, whereas the nonparametric terms are based on the Random Forest algorithm in which regression trees are used to derive the dependency of nonparametric terms on both building operation parameters and ambient temperature. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated using experimental data collected from an office building at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) campus. The proposed methodology was observed to provide improved accuracy over appropriate baseline strategies in predicting indoor air temperatures.
Exploiting mixotrophy for improving productivities of biomass and co-products of microalgae

Abstract Microalgae biomass as a sustainable feedstock has become an attractive alternative to traditional terrestrial plants for production of renewable chemicals and biofuels. However, achieving high productivity remains as a major challenge in commercial applications. Mixotrophic culture is gaining increasing attention because the metabolic capability of some microalgae to use both photosynthesis and organic carbon leads to higher productivity than either phototrophic or heterotrophic process alone. The potential of mixotrophy for mass algal cultivation should be fully explored. In this review, the superior productivity of mixotrophic cultivation of different algal species was compared with those of phototrophic and heterotrophic culture; The synergism of carbon and energy mechanism of mixotrophic growth was discussed; Particularly, the uniqueness of metabolic regulation of microalgae under mixotrophic culture in terms of carbon recycling and forms of carbon utilized was illustrated; The application in wastewater treatment of mixotrophic culture for uptaking nutrients and organics was discussed. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of large-scale microalgae production were proposed along with summaries of advancement in various mixotrophic culture technologies. The current literature collectively supports the great potential of mixotrophic culture in enhancing productivities of microalgal biomass and bioproducts with synergy of light and organic carbons metabolism. The findings provide insights for comprehensive understanding the key role of interaction of light and carbons on the enhancement of microalgal biomass and bioproducts under mixotrophic conditions and suggest mixotrophic algal culture should be one of the priority topics for both future research and commercialization efforts.
Polymersomes for drug delivery and other biomedical applications

Abstract Polymersomes are self-assembled polymeric vesicles prepared from amphiphilic block-copolymers. This chapter provides an overview of their composition, preparation, and characterization as well as their similarities and differences from liposomes. The recent developments and uses of polymersomes in drug delivery and other biomedical applications are further emphasized. Polymersomes development for drug delivery includes approaches for synthesis of novel block-copolymers, their assembly, and drug loading. Various surface modification strategies have been used for their targeting. Internal and external stimuli have been studied for controlling the release of drugs from polymersomes. In addition to drug delivery, the biomedical applications of polymersomes include diagnostics, polymersome-based nanoreactors, and the development of artificial cells (especially artificial erythrocytes) for scientific or clinical use. While none of these developments are in clinical use yet, they show a great promise for drug and gene delivery, imaging, blood substitution, and tissue engineering in the near future.
Dual Beam In Situ Radiation Studies of Nanocrystalline Cu

Nanocrystalline metals have shown enhanced radiation tolerance as grain boundaries serve as effective defect sinks for removing radiation-induced defects. However, the thermal and radiation stability of nanograins are of concerns since radiation may induce grain boundary migration and grain coarsening in nanocrystalline metals when the grain size falls in the range of several to tens of nanometers. In addition, prior in situ radiation studies on nanocrystalline metals have focused primarily on single heavy ion beam radiations, with little consideration of the helium effect on damage evolution. In this work, we utilized in situ single-beam (1 MeV Kr++) and dual-beam (1 MeV Kr++ and 12 keV He+) irradiations to investigate the influence of helium on the radiation response and grain coarsening in nanocrystalline Cu at 300 °C. The grain size, orientation, and individual grain boundary character were quantitatively examined before and after irradiations. Statistic results suggest that helium bubbles at grain boundaries and grain interiors may retard the grain coarsening. These findings provide new perspective on the radiation response of nanocrystalline metals.
The influence of gamma prime on the recrystallization of an oxide dispersion strengthened superalloy - MA 6000E

The requirement of large, recrystallized, highly elongated grains is of primary importance to the development of suitable high temperature properties in oxide dispersion strengthened-superalloys. In the present study the recrystallization behavior of MA 6000E, a recently developed Y2O3 strengthened superalloy produced by mechanical alloying, was examined using transmission and replication microscopy. Gradient and isothermal annealing treatments were applied to extruded and hot rolled products. It was found that conversion from a very fine (0.2 micron) grain structure to a coarse (approximately 10 mm) grain structure is controlled by the dissolution of the gamma prime phase, while grain shape was controlled primarily by the thermal gradient. The fine uniform oxide dispersion appeared to have only a secondary influence in determining the grain shape as columnar grains could be grown transverse to the working direction by appropriate application of the thermal gradient.
Robust, 3-Dimensional Visualization of Human Colon Enteric Nervous System Without Tissue Sectioning

Background & Aims Small, 2-dimensional sections routinely used for human pathology analysis provide limited information about bowel innervation. We developed a technique to image human enteric nervous system (ENS) and other intramural cells in 3 dimensions. Methods Using mouse and human colon tissues, we developed a method that combines tissue clearing, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and quantitative analysis of full-thickness bowel without sectioning to quantify ENS and other intramural cells in 3 dimensions. Results We provided 280 adult human colon confocal Z-stacks from persons without known bowel motility disorders. Most of our images were of myenteric ganglia, captured using a 20× objective lens. Full-thickness colon images, viewed with a 10× objective lens, were as large as 4 × 5 mm2. Colon from 2 pediatric patients with Hirschsprung disease was used to show distal colon without enteric ganglia, as well as a transition zone and proximal pull-through resection margin where ENS was present. After testing a panel of antibodies with our method, we identified 16 antibodies that bind to molecules in neurons, glia, interstitial cells of Cajal, and muscularis macrophages. Quantitative analyses demonstrated myenteric plexus in 24.5% ± 2.4% of flattened colon Z-stack area. Myenteric ganglia occupied 34% ± 4% of myenteric plexus. Single myenteric ganglion volume averaged 3,527,678 ± 573,832 mm3 with 38,706 ± 5763 neuron/mm3 and 129,321 ± 25,356 glia/mm3. Images of large areas provided insight into why published values of ENS density vary up to 150-fold—ENS density varies greatly, across millimeters, so analyses of small numbers of thin sections from the same bowel region can produce varying results. Neuron subtype analysis revealed that approximately 56% of myenteric neurons stained with neuronal nitric oxide synthase antibody and approximately 33% of neurons produce and store acetylcholine. Transition zone regions from colon tissues of patients with Hirschsprung disease had ganglia in multiple layers and thick nerve fiber bundles without neurons. Submucosal neuron distribution varied among imaged colon regions. Conclusions We developed a 3-dimensional imaging method for colon that provides more information about ENS structure than tissue sectioning. This approach could improve diagnosis for human bowel motility disorders and may be useful for other bowel diseases as well.
Rates, predictors, and outcomes of early readmissions after tricuspid valve surgery.

Background The data on readmissions following tricuspid valve repair/replacement (TVR) are scarce. We examined rates, predictors, causes, and outcomes of readmissions after TVR, using the National Readmission Database. Methods The International Classification of Diseases-9th version was used to identify the patients who underwent isolated TVR or concomitant aortic, mitral, and coronary bypass surgeries. Rates, causes, and outcomes were assessed using the analysis of variance and the χ2 test, and predictors of readmissions were evaluated using multivariate analysis. Results A total of 8254 patients who underwent TVR during 2013 to 2014 were included, of whom 1994 (24.16%) were isolated, and 6260 (75.84%) were performed concomitantly with other heart valve or coronary bypass surgery. A total of 1720 (20.84%) patients were readmitted within 30 days. The readmission rates were 448 (22.46%) after isolated TVR and similar after concomitant TVR (TVR + aortic valve replacement, TVR + mitral valve repair, TVR + coronary artery bypass graft, and TVR + multiple) (P = .194); whereas 1305 (20.11%) and 414 (23.45%) were after tricuspid valve repair and replacement (P = .080), respectively. The independent predictors of readmission were acute kidney injury during index visit and Charlson comorbidity index of more than 2. Mean time to readmission and median length of stay during readmission were 13.02 (±7.93) and 5 (interquartile range: 3-9) days, respectively. Total mortality during rehospitalization was 105 (6.1%), a very high (26.86%) number of patients were discharged to skilled facilities after readmission. Conclusions One out of five patients were readmitted within 30 days after the TVR, associated with 6.1% mortality during rehospitalization, and very high need for skilled facility placement.
Directional Effects of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders with Substance Use: a Review of Recent Prospective Research

Anxiety and depressive disorders are highly prevalent, frequently comorbid, and contribute to high rates of disability and death globally. They also commonly co-occur with substance use, including alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis. Yet, the directionality for the onset and progression of these conditions is not fully understood. The present review highlights key findings from recent longitudinal studies on the prospective associations between anxiety and depressive disorders and the most commonly used substances (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis). Additionally, this article reviews the potential of each condition to affect the outcome, course, and treatment of the other. The current literature remains mostly inconclusive on the temporal associations between anxiety and depressive disorders and substance use and reverse causality, with some studies supporting the self-medication hypothesis and other work supporting the substance-induced hypothesis or the shared-vulnerability hypothesis. Future prospective work that utilizes sophisticated research designs to test proposed causality is crucial to inform treatment of comorbid anxiety/depressive disorders and substance use.
Acclimation Effects and the Chief Justice: The Influence of Tenure and Role on the Decisional Behavior of the Court’s Leader, 1888-2007

Under the acclimation effect view, recent appointees to the Court modify their behavior in systematic ways early in their tenure as opposed to their later decisional tendencies. Similarly, many studies have examined the chief justice’s unique behavior.This study blends these two rich strands and explores whether chief justices demonstrate an acclimation effect, such that their behavior changes systematically through time. Using more than a century of Court data, this study examines whether new chief justices’ concurrence and dissent rates decline and whether they write fewer individual opinions gradually. I find that the chief justice’s position serves to create an incentive structure that is uniquely associated with declining rates of specially concurring and dissenting votes in certain cases. Also, new chief justices pen fewer special concurrences and dissents in some policy areas. My results hence imply that the chief justice experiences unique acclimation effects in learning to marshal the Court.
Oh, that Hertz: Protecting Unsophisticated Investors from Buying Stock in Bankrupt Companies

In United States bankruptcies, the absolute priority rule dictates that shareholders recover no value unless creditors are paid in full. Because unsecured creditors are typically not paid in full, shareholders lose their ownership interest and recover little-to-nothing in bankruptcy. Despite the minuscule chances that debtors’ shareholders will recover their investment in bankruptcy, debtors’ stock continues to trade in large volume during bankruptcy. Amateur investors, who know little about the small chance of shareholder recovery, buy bankrupt company stock, especially that of well-known public companies trading at low prices from sophisticated, institutional investors. Consequently, amateur investors can see huge losses during the bankruptcy process, while institutional investors are able to hedge some of their losses from the now insolvent company. The current public and private regulatory regimes do not have the authority or desire to protect amateur investors trading bankrupt company stock. This Note proposes that Congress adopt an amendment to the Bankruptcy Code that grants bankruptcy courts a limited power to suspend trading in a company’s stock after it files for bankruptcy. In order to trigger this measure, the courts must determine that shareholders are likely to receive little-to-no value in bankruptcy and that amateur investors will ignorantly purchase such bankrupt company stock. This Note then discusses the proposed amendment and its potential consequences, and responds to expected criticisms of the amendment.