cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Create Excellence Framework’s Impact on Enhancing Creativity: Examining Elementary Teacher Candidate Mathematics Lesson Planning

The focus of this research is to examine the impact of an instructional instrument to improve the quality of pre-service teachers’ lesson plans to enhance creative learning opportunities for children. The Create Excellence Framework focuses on four components essential to high-quality lesson plans: Cognitive Complexity, Real-World Learning, Engagement, and Technology Integration. The research study examined data from two elementary education teacher candidate classes for five semesters to measure the impact of the instrument on instructional planning for mathematics or mathematics and science integration. Over the course of the five semesters, for each component, the mean scores increased, and there was a positive statistically significant difference between the scores from the baseline semester to the fifth semester. In the fifth semester, the component of Technology Integration had the largest increase and Real-World Learning has the highest mean score. As students learned to design instruction around authentic tasks, cognitive levels and engagement also increased. Students were exposed to and utilizing new digital tools to enhance their learning. Using these digital tools along with real-world applications of the content encouraged students to think creatively to solve authentic problems.
Nanomechanical properties of pristine and heavy ion irradiated nanocrystalline tungsten

Abstract Nanocrystalline materials are postulated as strong candidates for nuclear materials applications due to their high irradiation tolerance manifested by their high grain boundary density. Their mechanical properties before and after irradiation, however, are a concern. Nanoindentation, micropillar compression and cantilever bending tests were performed on nanocrystalline tungsten films (grain size less than 35 nm) prior to and post irradiation at high temperature (1050 K) with heavy ions. Their performance under different stress states corresponding to the different tests was evaluated. Characterizing un-irradiated and irradiated nanocrystalline materials was shown to be best performed using a combination of different micromechanical tests.
The parasitoid complex of the ambermarked birch leafminer, Profenusa thomsoni Konow (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), in Anchorage, Alaska and each species’ role in biological control

Abstract Three parasitoids are known to attack the invasive leafminer Profenusa thomsoni Konow (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Alaska: Lathrolestes thomsoni Reshchikov, Lathrolestes soperi Reshchikov (both Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Aptesis segnis (Provancher) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). The two Lathrolestes species have similar biology and attack early instar larvae as endoparasitoids within hosts in leaf mines. Of these, L. thomsoni was introduced from 2004 to 2009 as a biological control agent, while L. soperi is a native or adventive species. Aptesis segnis is a native or adventive ectoparasitoid attacking pupae and prepupae of P. thomsoni in their earthen cells in the soil. This 2006–2011 field assessed the relative importance of L. soperi and A. segnis, and their interactions, in areas near Anchorage where L. thomsoni had not yet reached by the time of the study. Lathrolestes soperi and Aptesis segnis, were found to cause 14 and 27% mortality to the pest, respectively. While A. segnis was at times a facultative hyperparasitoid, most commonly it was a primary parasitoid, attacking the host in the soil. These data describe the system before the arrival of the introduced parasitoid. Comparison to future studies after the introduced biocontrol L. thomsoni has spread and developed stable populations, will allow assessment of the impact of the released parasitoid on the host relative to the pre-existing level of control from other natural enemies.
Comedy, the Senses, and Social Contagion in Plays Confuted in Five Actions and The Comedy of Errors

Votava’s analysis of Shakespeare’s The Comedy of Errors and Gosson’s Plays Confuted in Five Actions shows how both works understand sensation as a contagious process integral to theater. For Gosson, theater is a contagious disease, which infects the mind by means of the senses. The Comedy of Errors appropriates antitheatrical rhetoric of sensory contagion to demonstrate how theater, especially comedy, forges positive human connections.
Black Lives Matter at five: limits and possibilities

This article contends that the theoretical framework and strategic orientation of Black Lives Matter – as understood through the work of co-founders Patrisse Khan-Cullors, Alicia Garza, Opal Tometi...
Editorial Commentary: Injected Stem Cells May Not Adhere to Rabbit Cartilage Defects-Adherence May Be Improved Using Direct Application Techniques or Scaffolds.

Adipose-derived stem cells may adhere when properly applied to a cartilage defect in rabbits, whereas injected stem cells may not adhere. Stem cell harvesting, isolation, quantification, typing, and expansion are specific; complex cartilage regeneration remains unproven; and translation to a human model is enigmatic.
Active Authentication on Mobile Devices

In recent years, we have witnessed a significant growth in the use of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. In this context, security and privacy in mobile devices becomes vital as the loss of a mobile device could compromise personal information of the user. To deal with this problem, Active Authentication (AA) systems have been proposed in the literature where users are continuously monitored after the initial access to the mobile device. In this chapter, we provide a survey of recent face-based AA methods.
Multiobjective Optimization of Postdisaster Reconstruction Processes for Ensuring Long-Term Socioeconomic Benefits

AbstractWidespread destruction from large-scale disasters results in lengthy and costly recovery of damaged infrastructure and communities, with societal and economic impacts persisting many years ...
Optimized management of nivolumab (Nivo) and ipilimumab (Ipi) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC): A response-based phase II study (OMNIVORE).

5005Background: Nivo + Ipi is an established first-line treatment (tx) for advanced RCC. We hypothesized that the addition of CTLA-4 blockade may not be required for all patients (pts). Furthermore...
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Education of Plastic Surgery Trainees in the United States

The current COVID-19 pandemic has vastly impacted the health care system in the United States, and it is continuing to dictate its unprecedented influence on the education systems, especially the residency and fellowship training programs. The impact of COVID-19 on these training programs has not been uniform across the board, with plastic surgery residency and fellowship programs among the hardest hit specialties. Implementation of social distancing regulations has affected departmental educational activities, including preoperative, morbidity and mortality conferences and journal clubs; operating room educational activities; as well as the overall education of plastic surgery trainees in the United States. Almost all elective and semielective surgeries across the United States were suspended for a few months during the COVID-19 pandemic; this constitutes a significant portion of plastic surgery cases. Considering the current staged reopening policies, it may be a long time, if ever, before restrictions are completely lifted. In this paper, we review the multidimensional impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the training programs of plastic surgery residents and fellows in the United States and worldwide, along with some potential solutions on how to address existing challenges.
Gradient of Error Probability of $M$ -ary Hypothesis Testing Problems Under Multivariate Gaussian Noise

This letter considers an $M$ -ary hypothesis testing problem on an $n$ -dimensional random vector perturbed by the addition of Gaussian noise. A novel expression for the gradient of the error probability, with respect to the covariance matrix of the noise, is derived and shown to be a function of the cross-covariance matrix between the noise matrix (i.e., the matrix obtained by multiplying the noise vector by its transpose) and Bernoulli random variables associated with the correctness event.
US Multilateral Aid in Transition: Implications for Development Cooperation

The United States, whose leadership through the Marshall Plan created the basis for modern-day development cooperation, has veered abruptly from its traditional role. An analysis of US funding trends shows that it has increasingly shifted from collective to specific interests, even as it has increased its multilateral aid. The United States is now actively shunning multilateral settings as part of its America First foreign policy, even when multilateral policies reinforce the international development priorities of the Trump administration, and its growing geopolitical competition with China is spilling into development assistance. This chapter explores the implications for development cooperation and whether these changes signal a more durable shift in US perspective.
Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of COVID-19. Methods: Records of hospitalized adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 1 March to 31 May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of 283 patients, AKI occurred in 40.6%. From multivariate analyses, the risk factors of AKI in COVID-19 can be divided into: (1) demographics/co-morbidities (male, increasing age, diabetes, chronic kidney disease); (2) other organ involvements (transaminitis, elevated troponin I, ST segment/T wave change on electrocardiography); (3) elevated biomarkers (ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase); (4) possible bacterial co-infection (leukocytosis, elevated procalcitonin); (5) need for advanced oxygen delivery (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, mechanical ventilation); and (6) other critical features (ICU admission, need for vasopressors, acute respiratory distress syndrome). Most AKIs were due to pre-renal (70.4%) and intrinsic (34.8%) causes. Renal replacement therapy was more common in intrinsic AKI. Both pre-renal (HR 3.2; 95% CI 1.7–5.9) and intrinsic AKI (HR 7.7; 95% CI 3.6–16.3) were associated with higher mortality. Male, stage 3 AKI, higher baseline and peak serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were prevalent in intrinsic AKI. Urine analysis and the fractional excretion of sodium and urea were not helpful in distinguishing intrinsic AKI from other causes. Conclusions: AKI is very common in COVID-19 and is associated with higher mortality. Characterization of AKI is warranted due to its diverse nature and clinical outcome.
Factors Predisposing to Post Dural Puncture Headache in Children.

Background:Knowledge of the factors that predispose to postdural puncture headache in children may help reduce the occurrence of this complication.Materials and Methods:A retrospective cohort study...
Under pressure: pressure-dependent pontine compression by a dolichoectasia basilar artery, a case report.

Basilar artery dolichoectasia can lead to ischemic stroke through thrombosis of small perforating vessels of the brainstem. Here we report the case of a patient with transient paramedian pontine sy...
Intelligent Planning of Onshore Touristic Itineraries for Cruise Passengers in a Smart City

Typical cruise-line itineraries are planned more than a year in advance, so it is possible to know how many passengers arrive in advance months ahead, as well as when they leave and for how long they stay. Nevertheless, cruise passengers are often responsible of what is called “tourism crowding” that has a beneficial economic outcome for a destination, but often at the cost of increment of city traffic, overloading of the public transportation means and discomfort generated for residents. So, cruise tourism requires planning and management that takes into account also port city destinations factors.In this paper, we present a Deep Reinforcement Learning based planner for the onshore touristic itineraries and the intelligent distribution of cruise passengers in a city. The aim is to maximise the number of touristic attraction locations visited during a tour by avoiding the overcrowding of the touristic attraction locations. The planner is able to compose onshore touristic itineraries meeting the constraint given within the time window available for the cruise passengers, by taking into account the number of attraction locations available in the city together with dynamic parameters as their reception capacity and the time needed to go from one attraction to another.
Virtual Residency Interviews Reduce Cost and Carbon Emissions.

Purpose Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 urology residency match was transitioned to a virtual format. We sought to quantify the carbon offset and cost savings achieved during the 2021 match cycle based on the nature of the virtual format. Methods Applicants registered for the 2021 American Urologic Association match were surveyed to gather information regarding interview geography. A validated carbon emissions calculator was used to determine the associated carbon offset by forgoing travel. The cost savings were estimated using Google flights. Results 73 applicants, representing 14% of the applicant pool, applied to an average of 74 programs and took an average of 13 interviews. The estimated carbon offset was 6.26 metric tons of CO2 per applicant and 0.492 metric tons of CO2 per interview. The estimated 3011 metric tons of CO2 generated by all applicants are equivalent to 655 passenger vehicles driven for 1 year, and would take 3689 acres of forest to sequester over one year. The estimated average cost savings on travel were $2,198 per applicant and $172 per interview, totaling $1.06 million for the applicant pool. In the future, 72.6% of applicants are either very likely or somewhat likely to recommend using a virtual format for residency interviews. Conclusion Converting interviews to a virtual format during the 2021 urology residency match resulted in a reduced carbon footprint and substantial cost savings for applicants. Most applicants would recommend continuing virtual interviews in the future.
Reliability Measurement, Analysis, and Improvement for Large Software Systems

Abstracts This chapter surveys recent developments in software reliability engineering, and presents results in measuring test activities, analyzing product reliability, and identifying high risk areas for focused reliability improvement for large software systems. Environmental constraints and existing analysis techniques are carefully examined to select appropriate analysis techniques, models, implementation strategies, and support tools suitable for large software systems. The analysis and modeling activities include measure definition, data gathering, graphical test activity and defect tracking, overall quality assessment using software reliability growth models, and identification of problematic areas and risk management using tree-based reliability models. Various existing software tools have been adapted and integrated to support these analysis and modeling activities. This approach has been used in the testing phase of several large software products developed in the IBM Software Solutions Toronto Laboratory and was demon- strated to be effective and efficient. Various practical problems and solutions in implementing this strategy are also discussed.
Sex and ethnic differences in validity of self-reported adult height, weight and body mass index

OBJECTIVES: Describe self-reported and measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) stratified by sex and ethnicity in the United States, explore ethnic variations in the likelihood of under-reporting BMI, and investigate pathways linking race/ethnicity to the underassessment of BMI. DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: The entire United States. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Data were from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilian Americans. MAIN OUTCOME: Objectively measured and subjectively reported BMI. MEASURES: Independent variables include race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and others), sex, age groups (age 20-29, 30-49, 50-69, and > or =70), marital status (currently married vs other marital categories), education (less than high school, high school graduate or equivalent, some college, college graduate or above), and poverty income ratio (PIR). RESULTS: This study confirmed that the use of reported BMI led to underestimates of the population prevalence of overweight and obesity due to the general tendency towards over-reporting height and under-reporting weight. Women were more likely than men to under-report BMI. And whites were more likely than Blacks and Hispanics to under-report BMI. Other factors positively associated with higher likelihood of under-reporting of BMI included overweight and obese weight status, aged > or =60 years, and college education. Among women, family income was an additional positive covariate. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study underscore the need for frequently monitoring ethnic differences in validity of reported BMI and highlight the care which needs to be taken in making comparisons across sociodemographic groups based on reported BMI. Ethn Dis . 2012 Winter;22(1):72-8.
Measurement and modeling of thermal resistance of high speed SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors

Thermal resistance has been measured for high speed SiGe HBTs with various emitter widths and lengths. The smaller devices exhibited higher thermal resistance values, but eventually resulted in lower junction temperature rise for a given power density. A physical model has been developed which showed good agreement with the measurements. The model indicates that the thermal resistance depends strongly on the deep trench geometry. The thermal resistance is also anticipated to increase with the existence of adjacent devices due to a heat dissipation interference, according to the model.
Looking Back at the Arkansas Gazette: An Oral History

Newspapers once held an exceptional place in the affections not only of scholars but also of the general public. They inspired composers, John Phillip Sousa's Washington Post March being but one of...
Fifth metatarsal tuberosity fracture fixation: a biomechanical study.

This study tested the hypothesis that fixation of a fifth metatarsal tuberosity fracture with a lag screw that engages the intact medial cortex is biomechanically stronger than fixation with a long...
Tumor-Associated Antigen TA90 Immune Complex Assay Predicts Recurrence and Survival After Surgical Treatment of Stage I-III Melanoma

PURPOSE: Immune complexes (IC) containing the tumor-associated antigen TA90 can be identified in the sera of melanoma patients. We have shown that an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for TA90-IC can detect subclinical metastasis before surgical treatment of early-stage melanoma. We assayed the TA90-IC levels of postoperative sera from patients with melanoma and evaluated their relationship to recurrence and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multiple archival serum samples prospectively collected during postoperative surveillance of 166 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I, II, or III melanoma were analyzed for TA90-IC in a blinded fashion. Results were correlated with disease recurrence and survival determined by database and chart review. RESULTS: TA90-IC status in the early postoperative period was strongly correlated with survival. Five-year overall survival rates were 84% for TA90-IC–negative patients and 36% for TA90-IC–positive patients (P = .0001). Respective 5-year disease-free ...
Contribution of Compound Eyes and Ocelli to Steering of Locusts in Flight: II. Timing Changes in Flight Motor Units

Locusts (Orthoptera, Acrididae) were induced to fly while tethered within a simulated horizon display. Rotation of the horizon about the animal9s long axis caused changes in the relative timing of the spikes of homologous flight muscles of either side. Changes in relative timing paralleled the pattern of head motions (Taylor, 1981) elicited by horizon rotation. Systematic changes in relative spike timing were also seen after the compound eyes were surgically disconnected and in response to forced head rotation. These results are discussed in relation to the functions of the compound eyes, the ocelli, and the cervical proprioceptive hairs for visual flight stabilization.
Sensory thresholds of normal human feet.

Hypotheses/Purpose:Although several studies in the literature have evaluated the abnormal sensory thresholds of diabetic feet to Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing, there is very limited data on...
Vitamin D-Binding Protein in Health and Chronic Kidney Disease

Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) is a multifunctional protein that has attracted increasing interest in recent years, largely because of its potential role in modulating the activity of vitamin D. Nearly all circulating vitamin D (~85-90%) circulates bound to DBP, with a smaller proportion bound to albumin, leaving <5% circulating freely. DBP may also play roles beyond vitamin D binding, with potential roles in the immune system and elsewhere. Numerous polymorphisms of DBP exist around the world, and recent studies have identified relevance of different DBP phenotypes in determining DBP concentration and vitamin D affinity. This review focuses on the known roles of DBP in health and kidney disease, and current views on the relevance of DBP polymorphisms.
Averell Harriman has changed his mind: the Seattle speech and the rhetoric of Cold War confrontation

American W. Averell Harriman's many diplomatic activities have received considerable attention from historians. However, one of his most important contributions to the United States' early Cold War policy largely has been overlooked. On 18 August 1947 Harriman delivered a speech in Seattle calling for more confrontational Soviet policies, making a case for the Marshall Plan that successfully appealed to Americans even in ‘isolationist’ or conservative parts of the country. In the process, Harriman helped Truman overcome the effects of wartime pro-Soviet propaganda and helped mobilise support for active policies at a time when the legacy of the 1930s left some skeptics doubting democracies could mobilise before bombs began raining on them.
Steady-state behavior of carbon-pile regulators

ATTEMPTS TO MEASURE the steady-state characteristics of carbon-pile voltage regulators have been made repeatedly and have ended in failure because, upon increasing the voltage applied to the operating coil, a point is reached where the carbon-pile resistance no longer can be controlled by normal adjustments. It is not sufficient to attribute this result to lack of sensitivity in controlling the voltage. Instead the measurements reported upon here indicate that there exists an operating voltage above which the carbon-pile resistance jumps discontinuously to a high value.
TOR Complex 1 Includes a Novel Component, Tco89p (YPL180w), and Cooperates with Ssd1p to Maintain Cellular Integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The Tor1p and Tor2p kinases, targets of the therapeutically important antibiotic rapamycin, function as components of two distinct protein complexes in yeast, termed TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2. TORC1 is responsible for a wide range of rapamycin-sensitive cellular activities and contains, in addition to Tor1p or Tor2p, two highly conserved proteins, Lst8p and Kog1p. By identifying proteins that co-purify with Tor1p, Tor2p, Lst8p, and Kog1p, we have characterized a comprehensive set of protein-protein interactions that define further the composition of TORC1 as well as TORC2. In particular, we have identified Tco89p (YPL180w) and Bit61p (YJL058c) as novel components of TORC1 and TORC2, respectively. Deletion of TOR1 or TCO89 results in two specific and distinct phenotypes, (i) rapamycin-hypersensitivity and (ii) decreased cellular integrity, both of which correlate with the presence of SSD1-d, an allele of SSD1 previously associated with defects in cellular integrity. Furthermore, we link Ssd1p to Tap42p, a component of the TOR pathway that is believed to act uniquely downstream of TORC1. Together, these results define a novel connection between TORC1 and Ssd1p-mediated maintenance of cellular integrity.
Robust multisource sound localization using temporal power fusion

In the past several years, many different algorithms have attempted to address the problem of robust multi-source time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimation, which is necessary for sound localization. Different approaches, including general cross correlation, multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and the maximum likelihood (ML) approach, have made different trade- offs between robustness and efficiency. A new approach presented here offers a much more efficient yet robust mechanism for TDOA estimation. This approach iteratively uses small sound signal segments to compute a local cross-correlation based TDOA estimate. All of the different local estimates are combined to form the probability density function of the TDOA. Because the power of the secondary sources will be greater than the others for a certain set of the local signal segments, the TDOA corresponding to these sources will be associated with a peak in the TDOA probability density function. This way, the TDOAs of several different sources, along with their signal strength can be estimated. A real time implementation of the proposed approach is used to show its improved accuracy and robustness. The system was consistently able to correctly localize sound sources with SNRs as low as 3 dB.
Synthesis of monodisperse FeCo nanoparticles by reductive salt-matrix annealing.

We report here a novel synthetic method to prepare monodisperse air-stable FeCo nanoparticles with average sizes of 8, 12 and 20 nm. CoFe2O4 nanoparticles of different sizes were first synthesized by a chemical solution method. The as-synthesized CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were then mixed with ball-milled NaCl powders and heated to 400–500 ° C in forming gas (Ar 93%+H2 7%). The salt powder worked as a separating medium that prevents the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles from agglomerating during the heat treatment while the forming gas reduces the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles to FeCo nanoparticles. Monodisperse FeCo nanoparticles were recovered by dissolving the NaCl in water and subsequently washing with ethanol and acetone. Structural analyses confirmed that FeCo nanoparticles retained the same size as their oxide precursors. The size of the FeCo nanoparticles can be well tuned by controlling the size of the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization of FeCo nanoparticles is size dependent and increases with size.
Vascular anomalies of the female external genitalia

Abstract Background/Purpose Vascular tumors and malformations are rare. This large series describes vascular anomalies of the female genitalia and their management. Methods An international review board–approved retrospective database and a record review from 1994 through 2004 was conducted. Results Of the 3186 female patients with a vascular anomaly, 82 (2.6%) had a lesion in the external genitalia. There were 60 malformations and 22 tumors. The most common malformations were combined capillary-lymphaticovenous, venous, and lymphatic. Tumors included 20 infantile hemangiomas, 1 kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and 1 kaposiform lymphangioendothelioma. The referring diagnosis was incorrect in 56% of patients. Cutaneous stains, swelling, deformity, bleeding, fluid leakage, or infection were the prominent symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, angiography, and computed tomography were used for diagnostic clarification. Malformation treatment consisted of sclerotherapy, embolization, and operative resection. Tumor management included observation, surgical excision, and antiangiogenic pharmacotherapy. Conclusions Vascular anomalies of the female external genitalia are uncommon, and the initial diagnosis is often inaccurate. Correct diagnosis using clinical and radiographic data is feasible and leads to meaningful intervention for these frequently devastating lesions. Whereas tumors may respond to excision or antiangiogenic drugs, malformations require ablation or resection. Evaluation and management of these lesions is complex and benefits from interdisciplinary care.
Artistic Styles and Personalities: A Close View and a More Distant View:

In the empirical study of the arts, two approaches exist which illustrate different assumptions about what phenomena are most central to our concerns: the study of central tendencies, which seeks general principles, and the study of differences, whose aim is to accept differences as crucial and then explain them. Nowhere is the study of variability more important than in the creation of works of art; and no approach to accounting for the variability is more promising than a detailed study of the personalities of the creators. Research is discussed here in which the creation of images by undergraduate participants was followed closely, and their personalities were studied clinically by means of a psychodynamic interview. The individual dynamics seemed intimately connected with the processes of image making (the close view). A later cluster analysis of image types revealed that the individual dynamics were consistent within clusters and different between clusters (the distant view). Seven approaches to imag...
The communicative function of palmar pigmentation in man

Mankind is unusual among primates in having little or no pigmentation on palms and soles, and unique in having unpigmented nails in adulthood. In many animals, coloration functions in social communication, as in the pale eyelids of some monkeys and baboons, or the sexual skin, as in female chimpanzees. It is suggested that depigmented volar skin and nails arose in the hominids to enhance the visibility of manual gestural communication, as well as of hand and finger movements involved in tool-making and tool-use.
Leaning Into Termination

Ending treatment is inevitably filled with multiple and disparate losses for the analytic dyad. The author sets forth a call for reconsidering termination from a Relational perspective. She argues that many, if not all, terminations, are primed for enactment. The mutual processes of attaching and detaching, of growing close and then saying goodbye elicit powerful feelings and equally powerful dissociative processes. Specifically, she suggests that termination can be understood as co-created enactments of complex unconscious processes between patient and analyst. There is some necessary integrative work that may possible only when ending treatment. Key to this integrative work is the acceptance of both the achievements and the limitations of analytic work for both participants. She argues that we need to suspend our analytic ambition and begin to formulate what a co-created and mutually enacted good-enough ending would look like.
Sister Mary Joseph's nodule: A clinical and histologic study

The clinical and histologic findings in eighty-five cases of tumors metastatic to the umbilicus were studied. Clinically, the lesions were seen as firm, indurated nodules, sometimes with fissuring or ulceration. In twelve cases, the initial presentation of the internal primary malignancy was an umbilical nodule. Histologic material from the metastatic umbilical tumor was studied in all cases but was diagnostic of the primary carcinoma in only twenty-one. In seventeen cases, the primary site was never reliably determined, while stomach, large bowel, ovary, and pancreas were the most frequent primary sites in the other cases. Most patients died within months after the appearance of the umbilical tumors, thus emphasizing the ominous significance of this sign of metastatic, usually intra-abdominal, malignant disease. (J AM ACRD DERMATOL 10:610-615, 1984.)
School Counselor Advocacy: When Law and Ethics May Collide

Legal rules establish basic duties akin to the floor for acceptable behavior, whereas ethical codes represent aspirational standards for best practice. For school counselors, fulfilling both legal requirements and ethical principles may pose challenges that warrant careful consideration. This article outlines a legal/ethical conflict in the case ofWoodlock v. Orange Ulster B.O.C.E.S. (2006/2008), in which the school counselor followed the ethical precept of advocacy but did so in a way that collided with legal protections.
Growth characteristics of the slow‐growing actinobacterium Frankia sp. strain CcI3 on solid media

Frankia sp. strains are slow-growing Actinobacteria that form N 2 -fixing root nodules on certain angiosperm trees and shrubs. These organisms are generally cultured in liquid media as routine growth on solid media is impractical because of lengthy incubation periods. Liquid media is problematic for filamentous organisms because unicellular spores are difficult to isolate, and mutants are difficu It to separate. The goal of this study was to optimize Frankia Ccl3 growth on solid media. Starting with an appropriate basal medium containing pyruvate as a carbon source, various peptones were individually tested to determine if the time needed for colonies to appear could be reduced. Bacto TM Proteose Peptone #3 at 1.6 mg ml -1 final concentration promoted the best growth with colonies visible after 3 days, compared with the 7- to 10-day incubation required for control unamended media. Gellan gum gave a more rapid growth response as compared with agar. Increased calcium concentrations were required to promote solidification of gellan gum. Sporulation occurred within 2 weeks of plating Ccl3 with colonies changing color from cream to reddish-brown. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs revealed the architecture of colonial development. Colonies developed in a lens-shaped manner mainly by penetration into the gel. Older colonies had numerous empty hyphae with sporangia developing near or at the surface and with crystalline material, presumably pigment, interspersed among the hyphae. Occasional vesicles were seen mixed within the colonies. Colonial development of Frankia Ccl3 is reminiscent of that described for other members of the filamentous Suborder Frankineae.
Decomposing the action effect: How simple actions affect subsequent perception

Simple actions toward an object cause people to allocate attention preferentially toward properties of that object in subsequent unrelated tasks. We show here that it is not necessary to process or attend to any properties of the object in order to obtain the effect: Even when participants knew prior to the object’s onset that they would be acting, the effects of the object remained. Furthermore, the effect remained when the action had no visible effect on the object. In addition, we examined the extent to which the effect may be due to goal updating (which is necessary only on trials that require action) and found that the effect remained even when goal updating was not necessary. The results reveal that a simple action does, indeed, affect perception and have implications for understanding vision as individuals make actions in naturally occurring behavior.
Comparative Analysis of Lymphocytes in Lymph Nodes and Peripheral Blood of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

ABSTRACTBlood and lymph node samples were obtained from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) who had volunteered to undergo a lymph node biopsy while participating in a phase 1 clinical trial of a novel immunomodulatory therapy. The surface marker pheno-types of the peripheral blood and lymph node samples were examined using four-color flow cytometry and compared to published proportions of cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from control individuals. While a greater proportion of T lymphocytes from both lymph nodes and peripheral blood of control subjects are immunologically “naive” (CD45RA+), the proportions of lymphocytes with a “memory” phenotype predominate in lymph nodes and peripheral blood of CFS patients. CFS has been proposed to be a disease of autoimmune etiology and in this respect it is interesting to note that decreased proportions of CD45RA+ T (“naive”) cells are also seen in the peripheral blood of patients with autoimmune diseases.
Pulmonary function testing in obesity, pregnancy, and extremes of body habitus.

Knowing the impact of body habitus on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) is necessary to distinguish a ventilatory impairment from what may be ”normal” for that body type. Pulmonary function in persons of average size can be compared easily with any of the regression equations used in pulmonary function laboratories and it is likely that an abnormality in the test indicates some pulmonary dysfunction with a reasonable ~ertainty.~ Because these regression equations usually are generated with results of tests from individuals of average build, however, it is sometimes difficult to extrapolate the “normal ranges” to those at the extremes of body habitus. These individuals may not have as much representation in the regression equations, and an abnormality in the testing of these individuals therefore may be attributable only to their respective body habitus and not to any demonstrable pulmonary dysfunction. Even knowing the patterns of pulmonary dysfunction in these states, it is difficult to decide whether the abnormality seen is solely because of body shape or whether some other pathology is present. Although the information in this article allows the clinician to recognize patterns associated with different body types, in many cases, the PFTs must be augmented by other clinical information. The history, physical examination, blood gas measurements, and radiographic studies should be used to separate abnormalities in body habitus from another concurrent pulmonary disorder in these individuals. Most of this article discusses pulmonary function changes in obesity because this is the most common extreme in body habitus seen clinically. It is also the most studied. The physiology of pregnancy also is discussed, as is a review of the limited literature involving the interpretation of PFTs in the extremes of stature.
THE CURVILINEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMAND LEVEL AND PERFORMANCE IN AN ORGANIZATIONAL FIELD SETTING

Summary.-A curvilinear relationship was posited between job demand and job performance and was tested in a two-year organizational field study involving male youth counselon placed in seven different demand levels. Over the course of the study, these on-call counselors worked in most levels. Composite aggregations of individual self-reported racings of variations in che job-demand levels were derived. Support for the hypothesized curvilinear relationship was found. Possible implications of the resulcs are discussed. The theoretical and empirical basis for the proposed curvilinear relationship between job-demand level and various outcome (e.g., performance) measures dates back over 100 years. Initially, interest involved examination of emotion and emotional states. However, neither philosophers nor researchers have succeeded in compiling a satisfactory definition of emotion (Cofer, 1972). At best, there is a relative consensus that "emotion" refers to some manner or form of arousal of the individual, so arousal now is widely accepted as a substitute for the general emotional state of the individual. Wundt (1904) carried some of the earlier formulations of philosophers into the experimental laboratory. Through the use of introspection, he formulated the optimal level of stimulation as the quantitative relationship now commonly known as the curvilinear or inverted-U relationshp. Yerkes and Dodson (1908) applied Wundt's construct to learning and formulated a law that involved not only the intensity of stimulation (arousal) but also the complexity (demand level) of the learned behavior. The curvilinear relationship has been illustrated regularly (Duffy, 1941, 1962; Stennett, 1957; Anderson, 1776) in laboratory situations. Studies (Duffy, 1962; Lindsley, 1951; Zuckerman, 1979) typically suggest that there is a level of arousal (demand level) which is optimal in terms of various outcome measures (performance). Further, this optimal level is an intermediate one lying between the poles of drowsiness and extreme excitement (Cofer, 1972). For all their success in the laboratory, researchers have provided little empirical evidence of this curvilinear relationship in organizational field settings. It is not, however, unreasonable to expect that this relationship would
Striking conservation of TFIID in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

EUKARYOTIC promoters contain binding sites for basic transcription factors and gene-specific activator proteins1–6. The transcription factors interact at the TATA box, which lies close to the position of transcription initiation. Activators typically bind to distant sites that can lie kilobases away from the initiation site. The factor TFIID binds specifically to the TATA box to initiate an ordered pathway of assembly of the basic transcription factors5,7. Biochemical analyses have shown that human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae TFIID are functionally interchangeable in vitro8–10. To study further the functional conservation of this critical factor, we are surveying proteins from divergent organisms that can substitute in vivo for the S. cerevisiae TFIID. We report here the isolation of a unique gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe that fully complements a null mutation in SPT15, the gene that encodes TFIID11–15 in S. cerevisiae. The Schiz. pombe gene encodes a protein 93% identical (166/178) to S. cerevisiae TFIID in a region consisting of a direct repeat.
A computer-aided technique for the generation of a 3-D finite element model of a vertebra.

Abstract A mesh generation technique was developed to create a three-dimensional model of the vertebra. The mesh is composed of regularly shaped elements, avoids extremely skewed elements and bears a close resemblance to the structure. The method has obvious potential for its generality. It is semi-automatic, structure dependent and requires user interaction. It is mainly a set of guidelines for the orderly generation of elements to conform to a specific configuration. A combination of solid analytical geometry operations are chosen to generate an element or group of elements. A step by step description of the generation of the vertebral model is given.
Optical pumping magnetic resonance in high magnetic fields: Measurement of high field spin exchange cross sections

Abstract The polarization of 129 Xe gas by spin exchange with optically pumped Rb vapor is examined in high magnetic field. Measurements of the Rb–Xe velocity averaged spin exchange cross section 〈 σ v 〉 and the 129 Xe relaxation time in the absence of Rb, T 1 Xe , are discussed. Comparison of these high field results to low field literature values for 〈 σ v 〉 show that this parameter is essentially field independent. T 1 Xe is also found to be significantly longer in high field. On the basis of these observations, it is shown that production of large amounts of spin polarized 129 Xe gas can be made more efficient by high field operation.
The structure of the firm and the adoption of process innovations

A major body of organizational and management theory indicates that the likelihood of a firm's adopting innovations will vary directly with the firm's complexity and inversely with its centralization and formalization. These hypotheses are tested with data from a nationwide survey on the adoption of process innovations. The results support each hypothesis. The results also indicate that, of the three structural variables, complexity plays the central role in effecting adoption behavior.
Effects of School Organizational Structure on Interracial Friendships in Middle Schools

AbstractThis study examined the effect of school organizational structure on interracial friendships among middle school students. Students evaluated a white friend and a black friend on a modified semantic differential scale and reported the number of their other-race friends. Responses of students in two team-structured schools were contrasted to those of students in three traditionally structured schools. Multivariate analysis revealed that the organization of a school affects number of other-race friends and that whites with even "some" black friends are more positive in their perceptions of blacks than are those who report having "almost no" black friends. Variations in the nature and extent of contact between white and black students in schools does affect the racial attitudes of whites. Black students rated white and black friends the same regardless of the organizational structure of the school.
The NSQIP: A new frontier in surgery

Editors’ note: The NSQIP platform is a vital piece of the structure of the Michicagan, Washington, and American College of Surgeons quality utilization plans. Dr. Khuri’s essay on NSQIP provides the basis for its development and use. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP), whichwas started in theDepartment of Veterans Affairs (VA) in 1994 and is now expanding into the private sector through the efforts of the American College of Surgeons (ACS), is the first national validated, outcome-based, risk-adjusted, peer-controlled program for the measurement and enhancement of the quality of surgical care. This communication is an update on the NSQIP, its accomplishments in the VA system, and its promise for the private sector and the future of surgery. It underscores the potential impact of this program on our specialty, particularly at a time when regulatory organizations are clamoring to set performance standards for hospitals and surgeons, and both employer and consumer groups are calling for transparency in the comparative public reporting of processes and outcomes of surgical care.
Pitfalls in Teaching Judgment Heuristics.

Demonstrations of judgment heuristics typically focus on how heuristics can lead to poor judgments. However, exclusive focus on the negative consequences of heuristics can prove problematic. We illustrate the problem with the representativeness heuristic and present a study (N = 45) that examined how examples influence understanding of the representativeness heuristic. Students received a definition of the heuristic, a definition plus examples of the heuristic leading to poor judgment, or a definition plus examples of the heuristic leading to both good and poor judgments. The results suggest that providing examples of heuristics leading only to poor judgments undermined comprehension.
Nutrient sensing and the circadian clock

The circadian system synchronizes behavioral and physiologic processes with daily changes in the external light-dark cycle, optimizing energetic cycles with the rising and setting of the sun. Molecular clocks are organized hierarchically, with neural clocks orchestrating the daily switch between periods of feeding and fasting, and peripheral clocks generating 24h oscillations of energy storage and utilization. Recent studies indicate that clocks respond to nutrient signals and that a high-fat diet influences the period of locomotor activity under free-running conditions, a core property of the clock. A major goal is to identify the molecular basis for the reciprocal relation between metabolic and circadian pathways. Here the role of peptidergic hormones and macromolecules as nutrient signals integrating circadian and metabolic systems is highlighted.