cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arrival times of gravitational radiation peaks for binary inspiral

Modeling of gravitational waves (GWs) from binary black hole inspiral brings together early post-Newtonian waveforms and late quasinormal ringing waveforms. Attempts to bridge the two limits without recourse to numerical relativity involve predicting the time of the peak GW amplitude. This prediction will require solving the question of why the peak of the "source," i.e., the peak of the binary angular velocity, does not correspond to the peak of the GW amplitude. We show here that this offset can be understood as due to the existence two distinct components of the radiation: the "direct" radiation analogous to that in flat spacetime, and "scattered" radiation associated with curved spacetime. The time dependence of these two components, and of their relative phases determines the location of the peak amplitude. We use a highly simplified model to clarify the twocomponent nature of the source, then demonstrate that the explanation is valid also for an extreme mass ratio binary inspiral.
Intergenerational Continuity in Cannabis Use: The Role of Parent's Early Onset and Lifetime Disorder on Child's Early Onset.

Abstract Purpose Children's early onset of cannabis use was examined as a function of their parent's early onset of cannabis and subsequent incidence of a lifetime cannabis abuse or dependence disorder. Methods Prospective, longitudinal data from the Rochester Youth Development Study and the Rochester Intergenerational Study for 442 parent-child dyads (274 father-child, 168 mother-child) were used. The children were evenly split by sex. Logistic regression models and a path analysis were estimated to assess the effect of parent's cannabis use on child's onset of cannabis by age 15. Results Fathers who began using cannabis by age 15 were more likely to meet the criteria for a lifetime cannabis disorder (odds ratio = 5.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.89–16.90). The offspring of fathers who met the criteria for a disorder had higher odds of early initiation of cannabis use (odds ratio = 9.70, 95% confidence interval = 3.00–31.34). Early-onset cannabis use by father was indirectly associated with their child's onset of cannabis use via father's lifetime cannabis disorder. No significant effects for mothers were observed, although analyses were limited due to the low rate of mothers who met the criteria for a lifetime cannabis disorder. Conclusions This study provides evidence of intergenerational continuity in cannabis use among fathers and their children and confirms the need to consider timing of use and intervening mechanisms in the study of continuity in cannabis use across generations.
Buprenorphine shared medical appointments for the treatment of opioid dependence in a homeless clinic.

ABSTRACTBackground: Opioid misuse and dependence are prevalent and rising problems in the United States. Treatment with buprenorphine is a successful treatment option for individuals with opioid dependence. This study describes and preliminarily evaluates a unique delivery system that provides buprenorphine treatment via a shared medical appointment. Methods: A retrospective medical record review on all 77 opioid-dependent patients referred for a buprenorphine shared medical appointment in a homeless clinic from 2010 to 2012. Results: Most patients were currently homeless (61%), unemployed (92%), had an Axis I psychiatric diagnosis (81%), and had recent polysubstance use (53%). Of the 77 patients, 95% attended at least 1 shared medical appointment. Treatment retention at 12 and 24 weeks was 86% and 70%, respectively. Conclusions: In a patient population with complex social and mental health histories, buprenorphine treatment via a shared medical appointment had high retention rates. Findings can help guid...
Diamide Inhibitors of the Bacillus subtilis N-Acetylglucosaminidase LytG That Exhibit Antibacterial Activity

N-Acetylglucosaminidases (GlcNAcases) play an important role in the remodeling and recycling of bacterial peptidoglycan by degrading the polysaccharide backbone. Genetic deletions of autolysins can impair cell division and growth, suggesting an opportunity for using small molecule autolysin inhibitors both as tools for studying the chemical biology of autolysins and also as antibacterial agents. We report here the synthesis and evaluation of a panel of diamides that inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Two compounds, fgkc (21) and fgka (5), were found to be potent inhibitors (MIC 3.8 ± 1.0 and 21.3 ± 0.1 μM, respectively). These compounds inhibit the B. subtilis family 73 glycosyl hydrolase LytG, an exo GlcNAcase. Phenotypic analysis of fgkc (21)-treated cells demonstrates a propensity for cells to form linked chains, suggesting impaired cell growth and division.
Special Issue on Uncertainty Quantification in Multiscale System Design and Simulation

This article is available in the ASME Digital Collection at https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4037447.
Predictors of Hospital Patient Satisfaction as Measured by HCAHPS: A Systematic Review

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Because Medicare reimbursements are now, in part, based on patient satisfaction scores, hospitals are increasingly concerned about improving patient satisfaction. However, little is known about the different characteristics that are associated with higher patient satisfaction. This study was conducted to systematically review the patient satisfaction literature and to identify predictors of patient satisfaction based on measures from the HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) survey. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases from January 2007 to February 2015 for relevant peer-reviewed studies. A total of 41 studies met our inclusion criteria and were categorized into three groups (levels) based on the types of predictors used in the study: patient (12 articles, 29.9%), hospital (29 articles, 70.1%), or market (4 articles, 9.7%) predictors. We present a narrative review of the included studies in which certain patient- and hospital-level predictors were consistently associated with higher patient satisfaction (e.g., patient perception of well-managed pain and not-for-profit status) or lower patient satisfaction (e.g., racial/ethnic minority, hospital's safety net status, metropolitan area). Moreover, several predictors had mixed relationships with patient satisfaction across studies (e.g., teaching status, number of beds). Finally, we found that only a small number of studies have examined the association between market-level predictors and patient satisfaction.
Part 6: Diversity and Inclusion

Engagement with diverse perspectives helps individuals learn more deeply and broadly. Diversity can include not only race and ethnicity, but also language, religion, ideology, physical ability, cul...
Bricks, Mortar, Words: Memorializing Public Spaces Destroyed in the Sri Lankan Ethnic Conflict

This essay examines literary attempts to memorialize public buildings and structures—the Jaffna Public Library, the Central Bank building, the Temple of the Tooth—that were destroyed during the Sri...
Floating fish camps on the Apalachicola River, Florida: Increases and Implications

Peoples from various cultures and locations have been living on the edge or margin of water-land interfaces in floating houses of various types, either permanently or part-time. In some cases, people build these to access natural resources from both water and land environments. Through fieldwork on the Apalachicola River and branches, including the lower Chipola and Brothers Rivers in the Florida panhandle, a large variety of floating camps were observed. The purposes of this paper are to: 1) review historical information on the occurrence of floating dwellings and camps worldwide to give context to the study area; 2) map patterns and change since 1994 in different parts of the basin, including whether adjoining public or private lands to interpret potential areas of concern; and 3) examine the vernacular architecture of floating structures. Much of our discussion concerns current policy regarding floating structures in light of the need to maintain the ecological integrity of the river. The earliest known references to floating homes or camps in the study area date back to the Great Depression of the 1930s, when society was in need of low-cost housing. Rather than being clustered in communities, the fish camps of the Apalachicola River and branches are spaced across this system. The number of floating camps along the Apalachicola River and some of its major branches, as measured using Google Earth and historical aerial photography, has increased from 63 in 1994 to 132 in 2004 to 177 in 2015. Since dredging associated with the Navigation Project stopped in 2002, 78% of the growth or 34 of 45 new floating structures has been on the main-stem Apalachicola River, compared to 54% or 37 of 69 from 1994 to 2004. Nearly half of the fish camps are located next to public lands, which in some cases are impacted by people residing within the camps. The rustic structures typically are built of reused building materials; amenities can include air conditioning and satellite dish television, and decorations include flags or name plaques. Studies of floating dwellings elsewhere, and communication with local officials, provides some guidance on the benefits and concerns for these increasingly numerous dwellings in terms of public safety, crime, and environment in relation to existing and potential policy.
Improving the resolution of an optical microscope using ring-like illumination and scanning the direction of the diffracted light with a slit

Abstract A non-periodic sample, which also contains a periodic structure with a period smaller than the resolution limit of the optical microscope used for imaging it, was illuminated with the cone of white-light produced by a ring-shaped condenser with a numerical aperture larger than the objective lens. By rotating a slit placed at the back focal plane of the objective lens, we obtained several pairs of real plane and Fourier plane images corresponding to different diffraction directions. We simulated, discussed, and demonstrated a numerical algorithm capable of producing a high-resolution image of the sample after processing the experimental images.
Parallel, hierarchical software/hardware pyramid architectures

This paper examines pyramid-structured software/hardware systems, both programs and multi-computers. It explores how efficient parallel computers can be designed. It poses the extremely difficult problem of perception, and briefly surveys the major alternative approaches. It examines the basic structures with which pyramids can be built, and describes pyramid multi-computers. It sketches out how pyramid hardware can be used to execute programs, with special emphasis on the “recognition cone” structures being developed to model living visual systems. It briefly suggests how pyramids can be augmented and embedded into larger software/hardware structures. In addition, it gives a short history of massively parallel hierarchical pyramid structures.
Templating Vesicles, Microemulsions, and Lyotropic Mesophases by Organic Polymerization Processes

The self-organized templates that form in surfactant solutions can direct the synthesis of organic polymers. Several examples of such syntheses are reviewed here, beginning with discussion of the use of surfactant vesicles to guide the formation of spherical polymer shells. This process can produce a variety of morphologies including, under certain conditions, the desired shells. Microemulsions, defined as equilibrium microstructured fluids containing oil, water, and surfactant, can be used to produce latex dispersions of high molecular weight polymers having a relatively narrow size distribution. The experimental and theoretical aspects of this process are now fairly well understood and are summarized. Finally, recent efforts to use lyotropic phases to template polymers are reviewed. For each of these morphologies, the final product materials reflect a delicate balance between phase behavior and the reaction and mass transfer parameters controlling structure formation during template synthesis.
Adolescent Pregnancy in Chile: A Social, Cultural, and Political Analysis

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview and discussion of pregnancy and sexuality among youth in Chile from a social, cultural, and political perspective. Trends and patterns of a number of behaviors (i.e., pregnancy rates, infant mortality rates, use of contraceptives, attitudes toward sex) are presented, and the historical influences on contemporary youth are discussed. We argue that youth live under competing epistemological stances that converge and play out within the social space as both promoting sexualized behavior and admonishing it. These confusing and seeming arbitrary messages (both explicit and implicit through the denial of sexual health education) are likely to have a confusing and negative effect on the lives and development of Chilean adolescents. Today, Chile maintains a democratically lead government and claims to be the most economically and socially stable country in Latin America. These changes have dramatically changed the social and political climate for all Chileans and especially for adolescent females. Young Chilean girls and boys must not only manage the changing hormonal and social pressures of their adolescent lives, but they must also navigate a current reality marked by historical, religious, cultural, economic, and political processes. This chapter posits that the complex social realities of Chilean history and present social and political realities contribute to the country’s failure to properly address issues concerning adolescent sexuality, sexual and reproductive rights, health, and education, and teenage motherhood. We conclude that Chilean policies and practices need to align with the changing social realities, however, for this to occur a new radical approach needs to be considered especially for those young women who are the most vulnerable in society.
LaRC Aerothermodynamic Ground Tests in Support of BOLT Flight Experiment

A review is provided of recent aerothermodynamic ground-test contributions by NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) to the BOLT flight test program. Several test entries into the Langley Aerothermodynamic Laboratory 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel are discussed. These entries were intended to support the development and design of flight hardware and instrumentation. Some trends and observations from these entries are provided. Also, a comparison of two different global heat transfer test techniques is included and discussed.
Gender and thrombolysis therapy in stroke patients with incidence of dyslipidemia.

When untreated, dyslipidemia is a higher risk factor for stroke and stroke-related mortality in men than in women. However, when dyslipidemia is treated the risk reduction is the same, but men benefited from mortality reduction more than women. Whether there is a gender difference in exclusion criteria for the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) or thrombolysis therapy in an acute ischemic stroke subpopulation with dyslipidemia is yet to be investigated. In a dyslipidemic stroke population obtained from a stroke registry, gender differences in exclusion risk factors were determined using clinical and demographic variables. Univariate analysis compared the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) group and the no rtPA group. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine demographic and clinical factors associated with inclusion and exclusion for rtPA in the total dyslipidemic stroke population and the subsets of the male and female population. The regression model was tested using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, for the overall correct classification percentage. Significant interactions and multicollinearity between independent variables were examined using variance inflation factors. A total of 769 patients presented with acute ischemic stroke with incidence dyslipidemia; 325 received rtPA while 444 were excluded from rtPA. Of those excluded from rtPA, 54.30% were female and 45.72% were male. In an adjusted analysis, female patients with increased age (OR = 1.024, 95% CI, 1.001–1.047, P < 0.05), with a history of carotid artery stenosis (OR = 7.063, 95% CI, 1.506–33.134, P < 0.05), and previous stroke (OR = 1.978, 95% CI, 1.136–3.442, P < 0.05) were more likely to be excluded from rtPA. Male patients with atrial fibrillation (OR = 2.053, 95% CI, 1.059–3.978, P = 0.033), carotid artery stenosis (OR = 2.400, 95% CI, 1.062–5.424, P = 0.035), and previous stroke (OR = 1.785, 95% CI, 1.063–2.998, P = 0.028) were more likely to be excluded from rtPA. Although there are some similarities in the clinical risk factors for exclusion in both male and female stroke patients with incidence of dyslipidemia, there are differences as well. Elderly female stroke patients with incidence of dyslipidemia are more likely to be excluded from rtPA, even after adjustment for the effect of confounding variables. Further research should focus on how identified clinical risk factors can be targeted and managed to improve the use of rtPA in elderly female acute ischemic stroke population with incidence of dyslipidemia.
Modular Continuous Flow Synthesis of Imatinib and Analogues.

A modular continuous flow synthesis of imatinib and analogues is reported. Structurally diverse imatinib analogues are rapidly generated using three readily available building blocks via a flow hyd...
Self-splicing RNA: implications for evolution.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the evolution of self-splicing RNA. Tetrahymena , a genus of ciliated protozoa, has some unique advantages for studies of rRNA genes and their expression. The rRNA genes (rDNA) reside in the nucleoli of the macronucleus as linear, extrachromosomal molecules. Unlike chromosomal rDNA in many higher eukaryotes, where the rDNA is heterogeneous because of variations in the nontranscribed spacer, the Tetrahymena rDNA molecules are essentially homogeneous in size and nucleotide sequence. Tetrahymena , like the other ciliated protozoa, contains two types of nuclei within the same cell. The transcriptionally active macronucleus is polyploid and divides mitotically during vegetative growth. The germinal micronucleus is diploid and divides mitotically. In addition, the chapter also highlights Tetrahymena pre-rRNA splicing is self-catalyzed. Therefore, the molecule lowers the activation energy for a chemical reaction in which that same molecule is a reactant. The lowering of activation energy results in a large acceleration in the rate of the reaction. The reactions catalyzed by the RNA are described in the chapter.
Blimp-1 is essential for Th2 cell development and allergic asthma

A Th2 immune response is central to allergic airway inflammation, which afflicts millions worldwide. However, the mechanisms that augment GATA3 expression in an antigen-primed developing Th2 cell are not well understood. Here, we describe an unexpected role for Blimp-1, a transcriptional repressor that constrains autoimmunity, as an upstream promoter of GATA3 expression that is critical for Th2 cell development in the lung, but dispensable for TFH function and IgE production. Mechanistically, Blimp-1 acts through Bcl6, which is necessary to drive GATA3 expression. Surprisingly, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but not the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 or IL-21, is required via STAT3 activation to upregulate Blimp-1 and promote Th2 cell development. These data reveal a hitherto unappreciated role for an IL-10-STAT3-Blimp-1 circuit as an initiator of an inflammatory Th2 response in the lung to allergens. Thus, Blimp-1 in a context-dependent fashion can drive inflammation by promoting rather than terminating effector T cell responses.
Tracking Hematopoietic Precursor Division Ex Vivo in Real Time

Deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying division of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and malignant precursors would improve our understanding of basis of stem cell-fate decisions and oncogenic transformation. Using a novel reporter of hematopoietic precursor Evi1-GFP, we track the division of hematopoietic precursors in culture in real time. First, we confirmed that Evi1-GFP is a faithful reporter of HSC activity and identified three dividing patterns of HSCs: symmetric renewal, symmetric differentiation, and asymmetric division. Moreover, we found that the cytokines and growth factors combination (STIF) promotes symmetric renewal, whereas OP9 stromal cells balance symmetric renewal and differentiation of HSCs ex vivo .Interestingly, we found that Tet2 knockout HSCs underwent more symmetric differentiation in culture compared to wild type control. Intriguingly, OP9 stromal cells reverse the phenotype of Tet2 knockout HSCs ex vivo . Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tet2-/- ; Flt3 ITD acute myeloid leukemia (AML) precursors primarily underwent symmetric renewal divisions in culture. Our study establishes a new system to explore the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of benign and malignant hematopoietic precursor division ex vivo . Theknowledge learned from these studies will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of HSC fate decision and leukemogenesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hand transplantation in the United States: A review of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing Database.

Hand transplantation is the most common application of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Since July 3, 2014, VCAs were added to the definition of organs covered by federal regulation (the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) Final Rule) and legislation (the National Organ Transplant Act). As such, VCA is subject to requirements including data submission. We performed an analysis of recipients reported to the OPTN to have received hand transplantation between 1999 and 2018. Forty-three patients were identified as having been listed for upper extremity transplantation in the United States. Of these, 22 received transplantation prior to July 3, 2014 and 10 from then to December 31, 2018. Of patients transplanted after 2014, posttransplant functional scores included a decrease in Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire in 3 of 10 patients, Carroll test scores ranging from 9 to 60 of 99, and monofilament testing with protective sensation achieved in 4 of 6 patients. Complications included rejection in nine recipients with Banff scores from II-IV. One patient experienced graft failure 5 days after transplantation. Of the remaining patients, two were reported as receiving monotherapy and seven receiving dual or triple immunosuppression therapy. The inclusion of VCA in the OPTN Final Rule standardized parameters for safe implementation and data collection.
Predictors of Adherence to Self-Care in Rural Patients With Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: The common reality of not following a recommended course of treatment is a major cause of poor health outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of adherence to HF self‐care recommendations in rural HF patients who received an intervention to promote symptom management and self‐care. METHODS: Data from 349 rural HF patients (42% female, 90% Caucasian) randomized to the intervention arms of the study were used. Adherence was measured using the European Heart Failure Self‐Care Scale questionnaire, a brief measure that asks patients to report their adherence to a variety of recommended HF symptom management behaviors (ie, daily weight monitoring, when to call the physician, medications, diet, and exercise). The following predictors were tested: age, gender, marital status, education level, depression score (measured using PHQ‐9), anxiety score (measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory), and level of perceived control (measured using Control Attitudes Scale‐R). Multivariate linear regression was used to test the model. RESULTS: The model to predict adherence was significant (P < .0001). Of the covariates tested in the regression model, being a male (P = .009), having less anxiety (P = .018), not being depressed (P = .017), and having higher perceived control (P = .003) were predictors of improved self‐care score at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Adherence is a multifaceted and a challenging behavior based on the assumption that the patient agrees with self‐care recommendations. These data suggest interventions designed to promote adherence behaviors should include an assessment of gender, anxiety, depression, and perceived control for optimal outcomes.
Defining racial and ethnic context with geolocation data

Across disciplines, scholars strive to better understand individuals’ milieus—the people, places, and institutions individuals encounter in their daily lives. In particular, political scientists argue that racial and ethnic context shapes attitudes about candidates, policies, and fellow citizens. Yet, the current standard of measuring milieus is to place survey respondents in a geographic container and then to ascribe all that container's characteristics to the individual's milieu. Using a new dataset of over 2.6 million GPS records from over 400 individuals, we compare conventional static measures of racial and ethnic context to dynamic, precise measures of milieus. We demonstrate how low-level static measures tend to overstate how extreme individuals’ racial and ethnic contexts are and offer suggestions for future researchers.
Des bidonvilles aux banlieues : spatialite et desespoir dans la France contemporaine

From the 1983 March for equality and against racism to the 2005 urban riots in France, the African diaspora has multiplied attempts to gain some visibility in the French public sphere. These militant mobilizations happened in response to discrimination and segregation. This paper concerns itself with the relation between spatiality and distress in France during the last three decades. Building on shanty towns, slums and the banlieues, I offer an interpretation of the relation between African immigrants and their descendants on the one hand, and the French society on the other. Through a reading of Mehdi Charef’s Le the au Harem d’Archi Ahmed (1983) and Thomte Ryam’s Banlieue noire (2006), I maintain that the management of space is an indicator of the social disqualification that afro descendants suffer from in France nowadays. It is my ultimate contention that the colonial paradigm is of paramount importance in understanding the ways in which daily life in France is a permanent thinking on the paradoxical inclusive exclusion that structures social relations.
Nanoindentation of ZrH2 by molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract Classical molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation on the (100) and (110) planes using a spherical indenter are performed to investigate the deformation behavior of δ -ZrH2. The Charged Optimized Many Body (COMB) potential is used to describe the interatomic interactions. The effect of the indenter speed and the thickness of the active layer to the nanoindentation are evaluated. We find that the nucleation and movement of {100} dislocations are the main mechanisms of the inelastic deformation during nanoindentation on both the (100) and (110) planes. In addition, the load-displacement curve, hardness and deformation processes extracted from δ-ZrH2 nanoindentation on the (100) and (110) planes are analyzed.
«Никуда не годится, но мне очень нравится» Поэтика дневниковой прозы К. Чуковского

The critic Chukovsky noted that an artist may remain unaware of their own views. These, however, will find an outlet sooner or later, with the writer none the wiser, and it is the fondness for particular tropes that usually reveals them. Therefore, close attention to the author’s writing style opens the way to understanding their ideas. The article applies the method proposed by Chukovsky to reading his diaries. The objective of the research is to identify Chukovsky’s philosophy by examining his writing. The analysis shows that Chukovsky’s technique combines objective-scientific observations and subjective-emotional evaluations, with the two often disagreeing or even contradicting each other. Such dualism explains Chukovsky’s love of paradox: something profoundly imperfect is hailed as admirable, and human weaknesses (or flaws in a work of literature) are interpreted as essential. Chukovsky’s unique worldview is characterized by its holism. Such an angle allows to see the whole as something much bigger than its parts.
Catalyst-controlled regioselective carbonylation of isobutylene oxide to pivalolactone

Poly(pivalolactone) (PPVL) is a crystalline polyester with attractive physical and mechanical properties; however, prohibitively expensive syntheses of pivalolactone have thwarted efforts to produc...
Quantitative genetic basis of floral design in a natural plant population

The amount of genetic variation of floral traits and the degree to which they are genetically correlated are important parameters for the study of plant evolution. Estimates of these parameters can reveal the effect of historical selection relative to neutral processes such as mutation and drift, and allow us to predict the short-term evolutionary trajectory of a population under various selective regimes. Here, we assess the heritability and genetic correlation of the floral design of a native N. American tetraploid plant, Silene stellata (Caryophyllaceae), in a natural population. Specifically, we use a linear mixed model to estimate the genetic parameters based on a genealogy reconstructed from highly variable molecular markers. Overall, we found significant heritabilities in five out of nine studied traits. The level of heritability was intermediate (0.027 - 0.441). Interestingly, the floral trait showing the highest level of genetic variation was previously shown to be under strong sexually conflicting selection, which may serve as a mechanism for maintaining the observed genetic variation. Additionally, we also found prevalent positive genetic correlations between floral traits. Our results suggest that S. stellata is capable of responding to phenotypic selection on its floral design, while the abundant positive genetic correlations could also constrain the evolutionary trajectories to certain directions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the utility and feasibility of marker-based approaches for estimating genetic parameters in natural populations.
Abstract 14311: Qt Interval Correlation Between Telemetry and 12-lead Electrocardiogram

Introduction: QT prolongation is associated with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.As many patients with COVID19 may be started on QT prolonging drugs, measuring and monitoring QT is impera...
Culturally Relevant Curriculum Materials in the Age of Social Media and Curation

Social media and other virtual resource pools (VRPs) have emerged as spaces wherein teachers can connect with other educators and acquire curriculum materials. Though teachers actively engage onlin...
Evaluating Contradictory Experimental and Nonexperimental Estimates of Neighborhood Effects on Economic Outcomes for Adults

Although nonexperimental studies find robust neighborhood effects on adults, such findings have been challenged by results from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) residential mobility experiment. Usin...
Discontinuous Groups in the Plane

The chapter starts with a discussion of abstract discontinuous groups, but is primarily concerned with discontinuous groups of fractional linear transformations acting on the extended complex plane. We discuss some inequalities, including Jorgensen’s inequality, the limit set, and fundamental domains, in particular, the Ford region. The point of view here is primarily one complex dimensional; real higher dimensional discontinuous groups will be discussed in Chapter IV.
Galectin 3 as a guardian of the tumor microenvironment

Galectin 3 is a member of a family of β-galactoside binding proteins and has emerged as an important regulator of diverse functions critical in cancer biology including apoptosis, metastasis, immune surveillance, molecular trafficking, mRNA splicing, gene expression, and inflammation. Galectin 3's ability to support cancer cell survival by intra-cellular and extra-cellular mechanisms suggests this molecule is an important component of the tumor microenvironment that potentially could be targeted for therapy. Data is emerging that Galectin 3 is elevated in many cancers including solid tumors and the cancers of the blood. Galectin 3 also appears to be a key molecule produced by tumor microenvironment support cells including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) to suppress immune surveillance by killing T cells and interfering with NK cell function and by supporting metastasis. Levels of Galectin 3 increase in the MSC of aging mice and perhaps this contributes to the development of cancer in the elderly. Galectin 3 modulates surface protein expression of a diverse set of glycoproteins including CD44 by regulating endocytosis of these proteins. In addition, Galectin 3 binding to receptor kinases such as CD45 and the T cell receptor is critical in the regulation of their function. In this review I will examine the various mechanisms how Galectin 3 supports chemoresistance and metastasis in solid tumors and in leukemia and lymphoma. I will also discuss possible therapeutic strategies to target this Galectin for cancer therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Tumor Microenvironment Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Metastasis, Inflammation, and Immune Surveillance edited by Peter Ruvolo and Gregg L. Semenza.
Model predictive controllers: A critical synthesis of theory and industrial needs

After several years of effort, constrained model predictive control (MPC), the de facto standard algorithm for advanced control in process industries, has finally succumbed to rigorous analysis. Yet successful practical implementations of MPC were already in place almost two decades before a rigorous stability proof for constrained MPC was published. What then, is the importance of recent theoretical results for practical MPC applications? In this publication we present a pedagogical overview of some of the most important recent developments in MPC theory and discuss their implications for the future of MPC theory and practice.
Tunable Chromatic Dispersion Compensation in a 4 &#215; 40-Gbit/s System Using Sampled Nonlinearly-Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings (NC-FBGs)

We demonstrate tunable dispersion compensation in a 4times40-Gb/s system using sampled NC-FBGs with negligible errors from dispersion slope. The tuning ranges are 400 ps/nm for a single FBG and 600 ps/nm for a twin cascaded-inverse FBG configuration
The Death of a Youth and of a Drunkard: A Remarkable Story of Habit and Character in New Jersey

In many ways the case was unremarkable. It involved a traffic fatality that may have involved drunken driving, a tragic but common occurrence. This unremarkable case - the criminal action of State of New Jersey v. Petro Radziwil, Indictment No. 1257-8-86 - is nevertheless noteworthy. Radziwil raises important questions about an important part of the law of evidence: the relationship between habit evidence and character evidence. But the questions that Radziwil presents reach beyond the law of evidence. The criminal justice system is disproportionately populated with unsavory people, unpleasant people, stubborn people, and strong-willed people. Criminal defendants are frequently both unsavory and unpleasant, and many witnesses - including prosecution witnesses - share these traits. Prosecutors and criminal defense counsel, although not as a rule unsavory, can be unusually strong-willed and stubborn, and judges who preside in criminal cases may become hardened not just to the suffering of victims but also to the plights of those who cause harm. This combination of character traits has the making of a toxic brew. There is reason to worry about the capacity of strong-willed actors such as police officers and trial judges - to make sound judgments about the unpleasant and unsavory people - criminal defendants and witnesses - that they routinely encounter while performing their assigned chores in the criminal justice system. The story of Radziwil illustrates how personal likes and dislikes, and the prejudices of actors in the criminal process, can affect the outcomes of criminal proceedings. The story of Radziwil also raises the question of whether much can be done to scrub the criminal process clean of the influence of the biases and emotions of the people who shape that process.
Protein phosphatase activity is required for light‐inducible gene expression in maize.

Chlorophyll accumulation and photosynthetic gene activation are two hallmarks of greening process in etiolated maize leaves in response to light signals. However, very little is known about the relevant signal transduction pathways mediating these essential processes that lead to photosynthetic competence. It is shown here that a potent and specific protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and PP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid, efficiently blocks chlorophyll accumulation induced by light in etiolated maize leaves. In addition, the light-inducible expression of two photosynthetic fusion genes can be specifically suppressed by the structurally unrelated PP1 and PP2A inhibitors, okadaic acid and calyculin A, using a sensitive and physiological maize protoplast transient assay. The specificity and effective concentration of the inhibitors in vivo and in vitro strongly suggest that PP1 is required for transmitting light signals. Intriguingly, several partial cDNAs encoding novel as well as conserved PP1 can be identified in maize leaves using the polymerase chain reaction. Studies of chimeric promoters indicate that PP1 activity is essential for the interaction of multiple regulatory elements. Although PP1 and PP2A have been implicated in the suppression of gene activity in yeast and animals, the present data indicate that PP1 appears to be essential for light-dependent gene activation in plants.
Fear, Loathing, and Cracks in Reagan's Mirror Images: Able Archer 83 and an American First Step toward Rapprochement in the Cold War

Investigation into an often-overlooked Cold War episode reveals a tipping point in the Reagan administration's approach to the Soviet Union. In November 1983, NATO military exercise “Able Archer 83” reportedly touched off a crisis atmosphere among Soviet officials who feared a surprise nuclear attack. Intelligence reports about the war scare startled US President Ronald Reagan, altering his understanding of Soviet threat perceptions and prompting him to embrace his moderate advisers' recommendations that the administration take a more conciliatory approach toward the country Reagan had earlier labeled the “evil empire.” By highlighting Soviet fears of the United States, intelligence stemming from Able Archer 83 cracked Reagan's mirror images and catalyzed a policy shift from hostile confrontation toward cautious cooperation. The case study identifies facilitating conditions for the shift and yields counterintuitive insights relating to international crises, perception and misperception, and the domestic politics of rivalry.
Investigation of surgically retrieved, vitamin E-stabilized, crosslinked UHMWPE implants after short-term in vivo service.

Background Antioxidant stabilized highly crosslinked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components have been in clinical use since 2008. In vitro testing has shown excellent oxidation resistance, wear resistance, mechanical properties, and fatigue strength. In this study, we analyzed surgically retrieved components to investigate in vivo behavior and changes in the material. Methods Fifteen surgically retrieved, vitamin E-stabilized, and radiation crosslinked UHMWPE components were analyzed to determine their oxidative stability, extent of lipid absorption in vivo, free radical content, hydroperoxide index, and extent of visible wear damage after in vivo service (0.1–36.6 months). Results Retrievals showed no significant carbonyls at the time of surgical removal, while free radical content was observed to decay with increasing in vivo duration. There was no increase in hydroperoxide index. Lipid penetration increased with time. Ex vivo oxidation was not observed after 18 months of aging in air at room temperature. Conclusions The free-radical scavenging activity of the vitamin E appears to successfully prevent both in vivo and ex vivo oxidation for short durations, while reducing free radical content overall. Without an increase in hydroperoxides, the oxidation cascade initiated by radiation-induced and lipid-derived free radicals appears to have been inhibited. Further investigation is required with longer duration implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2015.
Integrity in Taxation: Rethinking Partnership Tax

Partnerships play an increasingly vital role in the federal income tax. Yet partnership taxation is deeply flawed, with enormously complicated provisions that strain the voluntary compliance mechanism on which the federal income tax relies. This article takes some early steps toward reform, proposing a holistic approach to partnership taxation. The story of partnership taxation is a story of four values – flexibility, efficiency, equity, and simplicity. Their discord has compromised the functionality of partnership taxation, thwarting the achievement of any of its underlying values, eroding public legitimacy, and impairing its ability to achieve systemic ends at great public cost. The history of partnership taxation suggests a solution: improving the system’s functionality through the unification and harmonization of its values. To that end, this article looks to Ronald Dworkin’s principle of integrity to develop a coherent vision of partnership taxation. It uses the principle of integrity as a compass for the reorientation and recalibration of partnership values, creating a more principled system of partnership taxation where unified and harmonious values work together in service of systemic ends. This article offers a novel formulation of the problem of partnership taxation, which, in turn, may lead to a novel way of thinking about the solution. The goal is to take partnership taxation apart and put its pieces back together, setting the system on a path to greater functionality. This article does not offer specific statutory or regulatory reforms, but instead seeks a broader vantage point, outlining an intellectual framework by which future reforms can be formulated or evaluated.
Optical crossbar interconnected digital signal processor with basic algorithms

A proposed high performance gigaflop signal processor is described in which 512 processors are interconnected with a 768 by 768 crossbar switch utilizing a spatial light modulator of the type presently under development at Texas Instruments. Optical fibers are used to provide high speed communication between the processors and the switch. The system, processor nodes, programming, and functional operation are described. The advantages are discussed for reconfigurability, optical crossbar switches, and programmed data flow. Efficient implementations are presented for a systolic filter, a fast Fourier transform, a correlator, and a matrix-vector multiplier. Preliminary performance estimates suggest that over one gigaflop performance is achievable for these algorithms on this processor.
Transition state differences in hydrolysis reactions of alkyl versus aryl phosphate monoester monoanions.

Although aryl phosphates have been the subject of numerous experimental studies, far less data bearing on the mechanism and transition states for alkyl phosphate reactions have been presented. Except for esters with very good leaving groups such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, the monoanion of phosphate esters is more reactive than the dianion. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the hydrolysis of the monoanion species. 18O kinetic isotope effects in the nonbridging oxygen atoms and in the P−O(R) ester bond, and solvent deuterium isotope effects, have been measured for the hydrolysis of m-nitrobenzyl phosphate. The results rule out a proposed mechanism in which the phosphoryl group deprotonates water and then undergoes attack by hydroxide. The results are most consistent with a preequilibrium proton transfer from the phosphoryl group to the ester oxygen atom, followed by rate-limiting P−O bond fission, as originally proposed by Kirby and co-workers in 1967. The transition state for m-nitrobenzyl phosphate (le...
Ergodic interpretation of integral hydrodynamic invariants

Abstract We generalize to higher dimensions the result of V. Arnold that the integral Hopf invariant (or total helicity) of a closed two-form on a three-dimensional manifold coincides with the asymptotic linking number of its vorticity field. For the higher-dimensional case the integral invariant of Hopf-Novikov type for a set of forms turns out to be equal to an asymptotic “multilinking number” of the corresponding kernel foliations. In particular, the notions and main properties of “generic” and “nongeneric” multilinking numbers are described.
Reactivity of surfaces and imaging with functional NSOM

Practical interest in high-resolution microscopy relates to its use on reactive and reacting heterogeneous surfaces. As the features of interest approach the nanometer range in functional structures, the microscopic techniques must approach the same resolution in order to monitor the progress of degradation processes and to assess the reliability and lifetime of the features. Of interest here is the modified near field optical scanning microscope for determining concurrent topography, fluorescence intensity and fluorescence spectroscopy on reactive surfaces of aluminum alloy Al 2024. It is shown that fluorescence spectroscopy on localized surface spots reveals aspects of the chemical nature of the matrix surrounding the dye. The spatial resolution and spectral resolution of the instrument will be discussed.
Coming in the Back Door: Leveraging Open Textbooks To Promote Scholarly Communications on Campus

In 2007 I was assigned the responsibility for creating a scholarly communications initiative at Temple. Though lacking deep knowledge of the issues, I committed to a serious effort to raise awareness, build collective support, and contribute change to scholarly publishing practices at my institution. As a first step, I attended the ARL/ ACRL Institute on Scholarly Communication , 1 where I improved my understanding of the different components of a scholarly communications initiative, and learned strategies for engaging faculty on a variety of levels. However, there was a problem: I was ready, but no one else was. Efforts to engage our faculty in campus-wide change received scant attention and virtually no support. A vast lack of awareness presented a huge barrier; many faculty members I encountered had no understanding of the issues. The rising cost of STEM journals was simply of no consequence to their work. As our dean liked to relate, one health sciences faculty member asked, “What crisis? The library provides access to almost any full-text article I need for my research.”