cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theosophy and the Origins of the Indian National Congress

No doubt the Western conceptualization of the East generally served to subjugate the Indians to their colonial rulers, but it also provided a set of beliefs to which disgruntled Western occultists and radicals, and also Western-educated Indians, could appeal in order to defend the dignity and worth of Indian religion and society. No doubt the founding theosophists had no intention of promoting political radicalism on the subcontinent, but the discourse they helped to establish provided others with an instrument they could use for political ends. Indeed, the formation of the Indian National Congress shows how Western-educated Indians were able to join with Hume to promote their political ends using the particular advantages that involvement in the Theosophical Society had given them. The founders of the Indian National Congress relied on the contacts and commitments generated within the Society; they relied on a capacity for, and a belief in, cooperation, both at an all-India level and also between Indian nationalists and liberal Britons; and they relied on a background discourse that emphasized the strength and claims of India, its heritage and religion.
Response to Comment on "Grasping Primate Origins"

Kirk et al . ( [1][1] ) argue that our study ( [2][2] ) has not resolved the relationships among euprimates ( [3][3] ), carpolestids, and other plesiadapiforms (which we made no claim to do), that craniodental and postcranial data yield contradictory hypotheses of relationships, and that this
Projection Microscopy for Frugal Science and Diagnostics

Projection microscopes provide opportunities to reduce eye-strain, improve throughput, and facilitate user training. Here we present a frugal design for under $5 that provides quality high-magnification images (over 2,000X) for remote medical diagnostics and frugal science.
The use of natural signals for localization and navigation with application to centimeter sized UAVs

The vectors of the local geomagnetic field, the direction of the sun at the time, and acceleration due to gravity constitute a unique natural frame of reference at any point on earth. A combination of 3-axis magnetometer, CMOS array, and accelerometers-all in the realm of a few grams can measure these quantities. We show that measurement of these quantities at sufficient resolution uniquely identifies a location on the earth at a particular time. For night-time flying, the angle to the sun can be replaced by angles to the moon or specific stars. Point-to-point navigation can be attained through simply supplying waypoints in terms of these vectors. We calculate the accuracy of localization and orientation, as a function of sensor resolution. We find that sensor accuracy needed for localization and orientation is not far from available technology.
James McHenry: A Minor American Poet

This article concerns James McHenry(November 16, 1753 â€“ May 3, 1816), known as a figure of some prominence in our early political life, but almost completely unknown as a writer of verse. A short time ago, however, the Rutgers University Library came into the possession of a sheaf of McHenry's manuscript poems, running to over a hundred pages in all, the majority of which display a sufficient poetic merit to justify their publication here, for, in the editor's belief, they may enrich in some slight degree the lean period to which they belong.
Sister, aunt-niece, and cousin recognition by social wasps.

In blind laboratory observations, gynes (potential queens) of the social waspPolistes fuscatus discriminated nestmate sisters from unrelated nonnestmate gynes but failed to discriminate between nestmate sisters and nonnestmate aunts and nieces. Gynes treat nonnestmate aunts and nieces as nestmate sisters, indicating that gynes recognize kin other than nestmates (i.e., aunts and nieces) by using genetic odors. In blind field observations, femaleP. fuscatus discriminated between nestmate sisters and nonnestmate first cousins and unrelated nonnestmates. However, females failed to discriminate between nonnestmate first cousins and unrelated nonnestmates. The results of the laboratory and field studies provide additional support for the cue similarity threshold model of recognition, which has important sociobiological implications for social wasps.
Testing if the interstitial atom, X, of the nitrogenase molybdenum-iron cofactor is N or C: ENDOR, ESEEM, and DFT studies of the S = 3/2 resting state in multiple environments.

A high-resolution (1.16 A) X-ray structure of the nitrogenase molybdenum−iron (MoFe) protein revealed electron density from a single N, O, or C atom (denoted X) inside the central iron prismane ([6Fe]) of the [MoFe7S9:homocitrate] FeMo-cofactor (FeMo-co). We here extend earlier efforts to determine the identity of X through detailed tests of whether X = N or C by interlocking and mutually supportive 9 GHz electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) and 35 GHz electron−nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) measurements on 14/15N and 12/13C isotopomers of FeMo-co in three environments: (i) incorporated into the native MoFe protein environment; (ii) extracted into N-methyl formamide solution; and (iii) incorporated into the NifX protein, which acts as a chaperone during FeMo-co biosynthesis. These measurements provide powerful evidence that X ≠ N/C, unless X in effect is magnetically decoupled from the S = 3/2 electron spin system of resting FeMo-co. They reveal no signals from FeMo-co in any of the three env...
CASPASES AND IAPS: A DANCE OF DEATH ENSURES CELL SURVIVAL

In this issue of Molecular Cell , Ditzel et al. (2008) show that DIAP1 polyubiquitinates DRONC, DCP-1, and drICE, leading to their nondegradative inactivation. Surprisingly, activation of DIAP1 requires caspase-mediated cleavage, revealing an elegant feedback mechanism by which caspases regulate their own fate.
Application of a Model Building Approach to Molecular Mechanics (MM3) for Calculating Low‐Energy Conformations of Tetra‐O‐Acyl‐N,N′‐Dialkyl‐D‐Glucaramides

A model building approach was used in conjunction with the MM3 molecular mechanics program to find the low‐energy conformations of three tetra‐O‐acyl‐N,N′‐dimethyl‐d‐glucaramide molecules: tetra‐O‐propanoyl‐(2), 2‐methylpropanoyl‐(3) and 2,2‐dimethylpropanoyl‐N,N′‐dimethyl‐d‐glucaramide (4), and tetra‐O‐acetyl‐N,N′‐dihexyl‐d‐glucaramide (5). A set of models was chosen for calculation of the low‐energy conformations of parent tetra‐O‐acetyl‐N,N′‐dimethyl‐d‐glucaramide (1), with additional models required to simulate conformationally more complex diamides 2–5. The dominant low‐energy conformations of 2 and 3 were very similar to that from 1, whereas very sterically constrained 4, with four bulky pendant O‐2,2‐dimethylpropanoyl groups, and 5, with terminal n‐hexyl groups, adopted different conformations. Stereoregular alternating head tail–tail head and repeating head tail–poly(hexamethylene 2,3,4,5‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐D‐glucaramide) oligomers were graphically generated to provide some insight into the possible c...
The Inclusion of Males and Females in Generic Nouns.

This study was done to determine undergraduate teacher education students' inclusion of males and females in selected generic nouns. Eberhart's test was administered to 144 Educational Psychology I students. A 2 × 2 × 3 repeated measures analysis of variance tested the effects of test form (Masculine/Generic: cavemen, policemen; Neutral/Generic: cavepeople, police officers), sex of student, and categories of items (male-male, male-female, and female-female). Those responding to Form B Neutral/Generic marked significantly more items including females than did those responding to Form A Masculine/Generic (p < .001). More male-male items were marked than male-female and female-female items on Form A (p < .001). There were no significant differences due to sex of student. Failure to select male-female and female-female drawings as “men” would indicate the students' interpretation of “men,” e.g., cavemen, as male sex rather than generic “men.” Students and teachers in teacher preparation programs can develop an awareness of their own concepts of generic terms and broaden their use of truly generic nouns.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms that differentiate two subpopulations of Salmonella enteritidis within phage type

Salmonella Enteritidis is currently the world's leading cause of salmonellosis, in part because of its ability to contaminate the internal contents of eggs. Previous analyses have shown that it is an exceptionally clonal serotype, which nonetheless generates considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. Due to its clonality, whole genome analysis is required to find genetic determinants that contribute to strain heterogeneity of Salmonella Enteritidis. Comparative whole genome mutational mapping of two PT13a strains that varied in the ability to contaminate eggs and to form biofilm was achieved using a high-density tiling platform with primers designed from a PT4 reference genome. Confirmatory Sanger sequencing was used on each putative SNP identified by mutational mapping to confirm its presence and location as compared to the reference sequence. High coverage pyrosequencing was used as a supporting technology to review results. A total of 250 confirmed SNPs were detected that differentiated the PT13a strains. From these 250 SNPS, 247 were in the chromosome and 3 were in the large virulence plasmid. SNPs ranged from single base pair substitutions to a deletion of 215 bp. A total of 15 SNPs (3 in egg-contaminating PT13a 21046 and 12 in biofilm forming PT13a 21027) altered coding sequences of 16 genes. Pyrosequencing of the two PT13a subpopulations detected 8.9% fewer SNPs than were detected by high-density tiling. Deletions and ribosomal gene differences were classes of SNPs not efficiently detected by pyrosequencing. These results increase knowledge of evolutionary trends within Salmonella enterica that impact the safety of the food supply. Results may also facilitate designing 2nd generation vaccines, because gene targets were identified that differentiate subpopulations with variant phenotypes. High-throughput genome sequencing platforms should be assessed for the ability to detect classes of SNPs equivalently, because each platform has different advantages and limits of detection.
The effect of exposing murine splenocytes to UVB light, psoralen plus UVA light, or γ‐irradiation on in vitro and in vivo immune responses

BACKGROUND : WBCs in blood components are a major factor contributing to immune responses such as GVHD and alloimmunization that follow transfusion. Irradiation of blood components has been used to regulate the contribution of donor WBCs to these immune responses. A systematic comparison of how the exposure of lymphoid cells to γ-irradiation, UVB light, or psoralen + UVA light (PUVA) effects immune response was conducted to better define the best type of irradiation to be used in different clinical settings. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Murine spleen cells were irradiated with varying doses and tested for their in vitro ability to be activated, to proliferate in response to mitogen or allogeneic stimulator cells, or to serve as stimulator cells. Irradiated donor cells were also tested for in vivo generation of GVHD, induction of alloantibody production, induction of restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes, and persistence of irradiated cells. RESULTS : In general, increasing amounts of irradiation resulted in increased inhibition of in vitro and in vivo responses, although the doses required for inhibition differed from assay to assay. In contrast, irradiation of donor cells did not always result in inhibition of recipient alloantibody responses but was dependent on the donor-recipient combination that was studied. CONCLUSION : Control of the in vivo outcomes of transfusing allogeneic cells is regulated by the type and dose of irradiation used and by the genotype of the donor and/or recipient.
Chemical differences between bovine pineal antigonadotropin and arginine vasotocin

Abstract Studies were conducted in order to characterize chemically a partially purified antigonadotropic factor extracted from bovine pineal glands (PAG). Because several reports have appeared recently suggesting a role for arginine vasotocin (AVT) as a pineal antigonadotropin, our experiments were designed to determine the presence or absence of this nonapeptide in our material. A comparison of biologically active PAG and synthetic AVT revealed dissimilar UV absorption and fluorescence maxima, different mobilities on thin layer chromatography and paper electrophoresis, as well as different elution patterns on DEAE Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography. Amino acid analysis using 2 different methods revealed dissimilar amino acid compositions. On the basis of these and other chemical data, it is concluded that our preparations of PAG do not contain AVT.
Molecular basis of physiological heart growth: fundamental concepts and new players

The heart hypertrophies in response to developmental signals as well as increased workload. Although adult-onset hypertrophy can ultimately lead to disease, cardiac hypertrophy is not necessarily maladaptive and can even be beneficial. Progress has been made in our understanding of the structural and molecular characteristics of physiological cardiac hypertrophy, as well as of the endocrine effectors and associated signalling pathways that regulate it. Physiological hypertrophy is initiated by finite signals, which include growth hormones (such as thyroid hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor) and mechanical forces that converge on a limited number of intracellular signalling pathways (such as PI3K, AKT, AMP-activated protein kinase and mTOR) to affect gene transcription, protein translation and metabolism. Harnessing adaptive signalling mediators to reinvigorate the diseased heart could have important medical ramifications.
Extraordinary nonlinear absorption in 3D bowtie nanoantennas

This paper reports that arrays of three-dimensional (3D), bowtie-shaped Au nanoparticle dimers can exhibit extremely high nonlinear absorption. Near-field interactions across the gap of the 3D bowties at the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelengths resulted in an increase of more than 4 orders of magnitude in local field intensity. The imaginary part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (Im χ(3)) for the 3D bowtie arrays embedded in a dielectric material was measured to be 10–4 esu, more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than reported for other metal nanoparticle-dielectric composites. Moreover, 3D dimers with increased nanoscale structure (such as folding) exhibited increased optical nonlinearity. These 3D nanoantennas can be used as critical elements for nanoscale nonlinear optical devices.
Critical datasets for benchmarking atomic codes: Calibrated line intensities emitted by well-diagnosed solar plasmas

Abstract The accuracy of available spectral codes is dependent on the quality of the atomic data and transition rates that they include, and can only be tested by benchmarking predicted line emissivities with observations from plasmas whose physical properties are known with precision. In the present work we describe a few high-resolution spectra emitted by solar flare plasmas under condition of ionization equilibrium, and one quiet Sun off-disk region spectrum, and we propose these datasets as benchmarks for the assessment of the accuracy of existing spectral codes in the 1.84–1.90 A and 3.17–3.22 A X-ray ranges and in the 500–1600 A far ultraviolet range.
Dramatic nuclear structure effects in (π, πN) reactions

Ratios of pion-induced nucleon knockout cross sections are discussed utilizing a modified nucleon charge exchange model which takes into account nuclear structure effects on the effective number of nucleons and on the various probabilities for charge exchange. The availability of particle-stable analog states in the charge exchange transitions can give factor of 2 differences in the neutron knockout ratio between isotopes for a given Z. On the other hand, proton knockout ratios are largely independent of nuclear structure. Predictions of the model are in reasonable semiquantitative agreement with all experimental data. (AIP)
Barokinesis and depth regulation by pelagic coral reef fish larvae

Vertical distributions of marine fish larvae are of central importance to their ecology, because feeding, predation, and larval transport vary considerably with depth. While numerous studies have characterized vertical distributions of larvae, vertical swimming behavior of individual larvae is poorly understood. In this study, the role of hydrostatic pressure in vertical swimming behavior of pelagic coral reef fish larvae was examined. Larval angelfishes (Pomacanthidae), triggerfishes (Balistidae), surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae), and filefishes (Monacanthidae) were collected in plankton net tows in the Straits of Florida. Tows were vertically stratified with 5 different nets sampling discrete depths up to 100 m. Larvae were individually placed in a hyperbaric chamber and subjected to a sequence of pressure levels simulating depths of up to 66 m seawater. Larvae from all 4 families showed significant responses, swimming up in response to high pressure and down in response to low pressure. In situ, this barokinetic behavior would cause depth regulation by larvae actively swimming towards ‘preferred’ pressure levels. Individual pressure preferences were calculated from experimental data and compared to capture depths of the same larvae. Among angelfishes and triggerfishes there was significant correlation between in situ capture depths and experimentally derived pressure preferences, suggesting that the experimental observations resembled natural in situ behavior.
Concern over the amyloid vaccine: amyloid heterogeneity and Fc receptor signaling.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is already the most common cause of dementia, and with rising life expectancies in the developed world, the number of AD cases can be expected to triple in the first half of this century [10]. The resultant economic and public health considerations of caring for AD patients has greatly intensified the search for novel therapies for this debilitating disease. There is considerable evidence that amyloid(A ) peptides play a role in AD, including in vitro studies demonstrating neurotoxicity derived apparently from the process of A aggregation (reviewed in [16]), genetic studies in which mutations in the gene encoding the A precursor protein are associated with familial AD (reviewed in [32,34]) and animal studies demonstrating that expression of mutated human genes linked with AD cause both A deposits and behavioral abnormalities (reviewed in [12,13]). While the exact link between A production/deposition and AD-associated neurodegeneration and dementia is still unclear and subject to rather energetic debate, one does not have to accept A as a cause of the disease to appreciate the possibility that reducing the A burden in the brains of AD patients could potentially result in behavioral and functional benefits. Taken in this overall context, clinical trials aimed at devising a vaccine to reduce the A burden in the AD brain is both timely and potentially therapeutic. Vaccines aimed at reducing A burden could act to reduce A deposits as well as soluble A . In this regard, it is relevant to note that A is present in several fashions in the AD brain. A deposits as fibrils in dense-cored senile plaques, a neuropathological hallmark of AD, as well as non-fibrillar, amorphous aggregates. Additionally, A is found in soluble forms that include diffusible A oligomers. The latter have been suggested to mediate the deleterious actions of A in
Synthetic peptide containing Arg-Gly-Asp inhibits bone formation and resorption in a mineralizing organ culture system of fetal rat parietal bones

The role of integrins, cell surface receptors involved in cell adhesion to the matrix, was studied in a mineralizing organ culture system. Integrin-mediated cell attachment to matrix proteins has been shown to depend partially on the amino acid sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), present in the extracellular matrix proteins. Therefore, the effect of RGD peptides on bone formation and resorption was studied in the mineralizing organ culture system derived from 18 day fetal rat parietal bones. Addition of 0.1–50 μM GRGDSPK to bones cultured for 4 days inhibited mineralization in a dose-dependent manner as determined by measuring calcium content and % bone/unit area of tissue. A maximal decrease in calcium content and % bone/unit area of 32.5 and 42.9%, respectively, was found with 50 μM GRGDSPK. With 10 and 50 μM GRGDSPK, bone morphology was dramatically altered, with a disruption of osteoblast and mineralized matrix organization. To assess the effect of the peptides on bone resorption, fetal bones were prelabeled in vivo with 45Ca and resorption was stimulated in vitro with parathyroid hormone in the presence or absence of the peptide. A significant decrease in 45Ca release was found with 10 and 50 μM GRGDSPK. Osteoclast number was also significantly decreased on the bone surface. The peptide was not cytotoxic, since no effect on DNA content, dry weight, or collagen synthesis was found. GRADSP, a control peptide, had no significant effect on mineralization, resorption, or other parameters of bone growth. Visualization of β1 and α2 integrin in GRGDSPK-treated bones by indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated a decreased in integrin staining, particularly in the osteoblast layer, compared to control bones and bones treated with GRADSP. The inhibition of bone formation and resorption by an RGD-containing peptide in a mineralizing organ culture system suggests that integrins have an important role in osteoblast and osteoclast-mediated bone remodeling.
ΔNp73β Is Active in Transactivation and Growth Suppression

p73, a p53 family protein, shares significant sequence homolog and functional similarity with p53. However, unlike p53, p73 has at least seven alternatively spliced isoforms with different carboxyl termini (p73alpha-eta). Moreover, the p73 gene can be transcribed from a cryptic promoter located in intron 3, producing seven more proteins (DeltaNp73alpha-eta). DeltaNp73, which does not contain the N-terminal activation domain in p73, has been thought to be transcriptionally inactive and dominant negative over p53 or p73. To systemically analyze the activity of the DeltaN variant, we generated stable cell lines, which inducibly express DeltaNp73alpha, DeltaNp73beta, and various DeltaNp73beta mutants by using the tetracycline-inducible expression system. Surprisingly, we found that DeltaNp73beta is indeed active in inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Importantly, we found that, when DeltaNp73beta is expressed at a physiologically relevant level, it is capable of suppressing cell growth. We then demonstrated that these DeltaNp73beta activities are not cell type specific. We showed that the 13 unique residues at the N terminus are required for DeltaNp73beta to suppress cell growth. We also found that, among the 13 residues, residues 6 to 10 are critical to DeltaNp73beta function. Furthermore, we found that DeltaNp73beta is capable of inducing some p53 target genes, albeit to a lesser extent than does p73beta. Finally, we found that the 13 unique residues, together with the N-terminal PXXP motifs, constitute a novel activation domain. Like DeltaNp73beta, DeltaNp73gamma is active in transactivation. However, unlike DeltaNp73beta, DeltaNp73alpha is inactive in suppressing cell growth. Our data, together with others' previous findings, suggest that DeltaNp73beta may have distinct functions under certain cellular circumstances.
Introduction: organ transplantation -- defining the boundaries of personhood, equity and community.

Scientific progress in the area of human organ replacement has been remarkable. The development of medical technology and pharmaceuticals, medical acumen and skill, and the legitimation of brain death criteria have all contributed to the expansion of the organ transplant enterprise. The lifesaving qualities of organ transplantation are celebrated and organ donation is championed as the highest form of "gift giving." Organ transplantation is so successful that the demand for human organs far exceeds the supply available. This situation has prompted consideration of alternative approaches for procuring human organs. Proposals for financial incentives for organ donation and the use of anencephalic infants as sources of organs are being seriously appraised; xenografts have already been performed. Moral problems are embedded in the complex social and medical practices associated with organ transplantation at all levels - personal, professional and societal. The removal of an organ from one person to be used to sustain life in another person elicits profound and compelling questions about human life and the political context of medical practice. What does it mean to be human? What is the nature of death? When is someone "dead enough" to take their organs? When resources are scarce, how should society determine who benefits from organ transplant technology? What are the cultural and scientific assumptions that inform procedures for selecting candidates for transplantation? Is it right to use non-human animals as sources for organs? Is it right to pursue marketing approaches for organ donation? The contributors to this issue address a range of moral problems associated with organ transplantation. Although each paper takes on a different challenge, they share an underlying concern with the reconfiguration of personhood and community brought about by organ transplant therapies. Taken together, these six essays provide a robust critique of the medical, social, political and economic factors that drive the practice of human organ replacement. In the first essay, Marshall, Thomasma and Daar examine
GPUSync: A Framework for Real-Time GPU Management

This paper describes GPUSync, which is a framework for managing graphics processing units (GPUs) in multi-GPU multicore real-time systems. GPUSync was designed with flexibility, predictability, and parallelism in mind. Specifically, it can be applied under either static-or dynamic priority CPU scheduling, can allocate CPUs/GPUs on a partitioned, clustered, or global basis, provides flexible mechanisms for allocating GPUs to tasks, enables task state to be migrated among different GPUs, with the potential of breaking such state into smaller "chunks", provides migration cost predictors that determine when migrations can be effective, enables a single GPU's different engines to be accessed in parallel, properly supports GPU-related interrupt and worker threads according to the sporadic task model, even when GPU drivers are closed-source, and provides budget policing to the extent possible, given that GPU access is non-preemptive. No prior real-time GPU management framework provides a comparable range of features.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of chloroazines with bisulfide (HS-) and polysulfides (Sn2-).

Reactions of bisulfide and polysulfides with chloroazines (important constituents of agrochemicals and textile dyes) were examined in aqueous solution at 25 °C. For atrazine, rates are first-order in polysulfide concentration, and polysulfide dianions are the principal reactive nucleophiles; no measurable reaction occurs with HS-. Second-order rate constants for reactions of an array of chloroazines with polysulfides are several orders of magnitude greater than for reactions with HS-. Transformation products indicate the substitution of halogen(s) by sulfur. Ring aza nitrogens substantially enhance reactivity through a combination of inductive and mesomeric effects, and electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents markedly enhance or diminish reactivity, respectively. The overall second-order nature of the reaction, the products observed, and reactivity trends are all consistent with a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) mechanism. Rate constants for reactions with HS- and Sn2- (n = 2−5) c...
Hybrid Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Autonomous Landing

In this paper, we demonstrate how to solve the autonomous landing problem for UAVs based on hybrid systemtheory. AUAVsystemwhichconsistsofvehicle dynamics, inner controller, outer controller, and pack controllerisconsidered. Theouter-innerloopofthevehiclewhichexhibitsmulti-modalbehaviorsismodelled asahybridsystem. Thehybridsystemdeflnestheoperationalsemanticsofthesystemwithbothdiscreteand continuousdynamicsundersetsofstateconstraints. A hybrid pack controller which can control the discrete evolutionofthehybridsystembasedonthecontinuous state is designed. The autonomous landing problem is thensolvedbyencodingswitchingsequencesinthepack controller for the phases in a landing scenario. Reachabilitycomputationisusedforshowingthecorrectness ofthedesignwithrespecttoreachabilityspeciflcations. The pack controller is designed so that the size of the tra‐c pattern and the hook in time can be parameterized for obtaining optimal performance. The UAV systemarerealizedandsimulatedinHyVisual,ahybrid system visual modeler.
SOME UNTOWARD REACTIONS TO REPOSITORY THERAPY.

Abstract The types of untoward reactions seen with repository therapy have been divided into three groups. The transient local reactions of pain and swelling are mild and not significant. Allergic overdose reactions are occasionally seen and are similar to those occurring with conventional aqueous hyposensitization treatment, except that they are delayed several hours. Eleven patients of 854 who received repository treatments (1.3 per cent) had such allergic overdose reactions (asthma and/or urticaria), which either subsided spontaneously or responded to oral antihistamines or epinephrine. The more serious late local reaction is described in four patients, with local abscess formation of the sterile type in two patients. One patient required incision and drainage at both injection sites, and the other patient had a spontaneous regression in 912 months. The etiology of these late local reactions is discussed, and it is concluded that they represent a type of foreign-body irritative process.
STK15 F31I polymorphism is associated with increased uterine cancer risk: a pilot study.

Abstract Objective. STK15 is a serine threonine kinase which assists chromosomal separation and mitotic spindle stability through interaction with the centrosome during mitosis. We hypothesized that STK15 polymorphisms might modulate the risk of uterine cancer. Methods. We used a hospital-based case–control study to assess the association between STK15 polymorphisms and risk of uterine cancer. Cases and controls were matched on age, race, and smoking status. Two common STK15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), F31I (T/A), and V57I (G/A), were genotyped. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results. A total of 193 women with uterine cancer and 218 controls were genotyped for both SNPs. After adjustment for age, race, and smoking status for the F31I SNP, the homozygous variant genotype (AA) was associated with a significantly increased uterine cancer risk (OR 10.2; 95% CI 2.23–46.5). Individuals with the heterozygous genotype (TA) and a history of tobacco use also exhibited an increased risk for uterine cancer (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.20–5.76). For the V57I SNP, neither the homozygous (AA) nor the heterozygous (GA) variant genotypes were associated with significantly altered risk for uterine cancer (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.18–3.25 and OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.52–1.49). Conclusion. Our study demonstrates that STK15 F31I SNP is associated with an increased risk for uterine cancer. Confirmation of this pilot study is needed in a larger case–control population to evaluate this genetic variant with other known risk factors for uterine cancer.
The information arcade: Playground for the mind

Abstract Much of the discussion about the paradigm shift for libraries emphasizes technology and worries about the role of librarians. The question often posed is—will libraries and librarians disappear? It is hackneyed to say it, but change is difficult. That is particularly true when considering the role shift for professional librarians that will accompany the institutional shift caused by technology. In this column Sheila D. Creth gives us a little window on the future. The Information Arcade at University of Iowa has fostered one extraordinary change and it is not technological. Collaboration of faculty, librarians, and computing professionals has become a cornerstone of this program. This was an outcome predicted by both Peter Drucker and Amitai Etzioni at the same time (Library Administration & Management, Winter 1989). That the change is technology driven should not be a surprise, since there is plenty of empirical evidence that electronic environments frequently result in exactly this outcome.—C.B.L.
Response to the commentaries on Producing Quality Technical Information: the common sense of producing quality technical information

The editor and principal writer of Producing Quality Technical Information (1983) responds to the commentaries: answering questions about the sources of PQTI; discussing what the System Information group at IBM's Santa Teresa Laboratory were doing about usability from 1979 to 1983; comparing the predecessor nine "ease-of-use factors" with the seven "qualities" of PQTI and the nine "quality characteristics" of Prentice Hall's subsequent editions of PQTI, published under the title Developing Quality Technical Information; and revealing his own motives and thought processes in working on several usability initiatives in the laboratory at that time, including the publication of PQTI.
Does tongue size differ between patients with and without sleep-disordered breathing?

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine whether there is a difference in the tongue size of patients with and without sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and to evaluate whether tongue volume correlates with body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, age, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, or apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Study Design Nineteen patients (9 with SDB; 10 without SDB) were enrolled in this prospective study. Methods All patients completed a sleep questionnaire including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and underwent a physical examination, portable sleep study, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. An examiner masked to the patients' disease status measured tongue volume from the MRI films. Results There was a trend for patients with SDB to have a larger tongue volume than patients without SDB (P = .065). Tongue volume only positively correlated with BMI (P = .005) and neck circumference (P = .013), but there was no correlation with age (P = .23) or AHI (P = .40). Conclusions There is a statistical trend for patients with SDB to have larger tongue size compared with non-SDB patients, but tongue size is independent of AHI and correlates significantly with BMI and neck circumference. We interpret these findings to suggest that variations in tongue size alone cannot account for disease severity and may simply reflect the larger body habitus often seen in patients with SDB.
Immunoregulation by breast milk cells

Although B cells capable of synthesizing IgG and IgM have been identified in human milk, only IgA synthesis is measured in vitro. These data suggest that milk lymphocyte differentiation is a regulated process and that there may be a specific milk cell factor capable of stimulating differentiation of IgA-bearing B cells. To investigate this possibility lymphocyte/ macrophages from early (≤5 days) and late (≥8 days) milk were incubated and subsequently small aliquots of their cell-free culture media were added to peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. The release of IgA, IgG, and IgM by the blood lymphocytes in culture was quantitated using double-antibody (Ab) competitive radioimmunoassays. The cell-free media from early (colostral) milk cell cultures significantly stimulated (P < 0.0001) IgA synthesis and had no effect on the production of IgG or IgM. There was no effect on immunoglobulin production when the milk cell supernate came from cells isolated from more mature milk. Therefore, it is postulated (i) that a soluble mediator(s) of immunologic regulation is released by human milk cells, (ii) that this factor(s) at least in part, explains the peculiar immunologic behavior of human milk cells in vitro, (iii) that this factor(s) is released in greater amounts by colostral cells than by cells in mature milk, and (iv) that human colostrum may play a role in affecting active local immunity in the gastrointestinal tract of the recipient newborn.
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION IN SURVIVING RAT HEART SLICES OF PERSANTIN-2,6- 14C AND ITS FIXATION TO ISOLATED SUBCELLULAR PARTICLES.

Abstract In experiments with surviving rat heart slices it has been shown that Persantin and 2,6- 14 C-Persantin permeate the myocardial cell. Under our conditions, 50% or more of the drug in the medium was passed to the intracellular space and distributed among the intracellular compartments. The labeled drug was found in all the particles and in the cytoplasm. Fixation studies in vitro with sarcosomes or with the microsomal fraction, in amounts comparable to those found in the myocardial cell, showed that about 30% of labeled Persantin in the medium was fixed to the sarcosomes; 60% of this appeared to be tightly bound, whereas the remainder could be washed out with isotonic sucrose. The microsomal fraction in vitro fixed about 6% of labeled Persantin in the medium. These differences largely reflect the fact that there is about ten times more nitrogen in the cell attributable to sarcosomes than to the microsomal fraction. From paper Chromatographic studies of the labeled lipid-soluble fraction combined from all intracellular compartments, it can be stated that most of the 14 C-Persantin is not chemically altered under the conditions employed for these studies.
Survival without transplant.

Abstract Patients with severe cystic fibrosis who face lung transplant proposal react in different ways to the offer of this potentially life prolonging therapy. Little is known about those patients who refused the operation. This article describes various behaviour patterns and reactions following the transplant proposal. The major reasons for refusal of lung transplantation are based on personal experiences and encounters and on psychological and medical considerations. Only a subgroup of patients sticks to the initial decision of refusing the operation. Other patients question their decision and fluctuate between refusal and acceptance. A third group of patients reverses the decision mostly as a result of a significant life event. The decision not to undergo lung transplantation needs to be viewed as a reversible one and in the context of extreme physical and psychological vulnerability on the part of the patients. Health professionals should recognise the potential for change, remain non-judgemental and flexible, and adjust their services to the respective circumstances.
Subalgebras of Golod-Shafarevich algebras

A graded associative algebra generated by m elements of degree one is called Golod–Shafarevich (GS) if it is presented with less than m2/4 relators of degree at least two. We explore conditions under which subalgebras of graded GS algebras are themselves GS. We prove that infinitely many Veronese powers of an algebra presented by m generators and r relators are GS if $r \frac{4}{25}m^2$.
Abrupt climate shifts in Greenland due to displacements of the sea ice edge

[1] An atmospheric circulation model is used to show that a reduction in sea ice extent in the North Atlantic produces a climatic response consistent with abrupt changes in temperature and snow accumulation recorded in Greenland during the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events of the last glacial period. The model simulations exhibit warming that is especially pronounced in winter and an accumulation increase that occurs primarily in summer, though the fractional accumulation increase is greater in winter. The seasonality of the combined temperature and accumulation changes is also consistent with the oxygen isotope signal, explaining why estimates of the magnitude of D-O warming from oxygen isotopes are damped relative to direct estimates. Mechanisms for driving such displacements of sea ice could be changes in ocean thermohaline circulation (OTC) or rearrangements of the tropical atmosphere-ocean system.
A step toward genotype-based therapeutic regimens for breast cancer in patients with BRCA2 mutations?

The positional cloning of a familial tumor suppressor gene is a monumental task often involving the coordinated efforts of international consortia of many laboratories. The euphoria that accompanies the successful cloning of a cancer-causing gene signals the initiation of many new avenues of study that attempt to define the activity of that gene’s product. These goals are laudatory, because by defining such a function and understanding how it is subverted by mutations, the hope is that eventually this information can be used to develop therapeutic approaches aimed at patients and their family members who participated selflessly in the genetic studies that ultimately led to the identification of the gene. The biologic functions of gene products are hugely diverse, and our knowledge base of gene function is currently so poor that the experimental pathways that lead to the elucidation of a gene’s function are not necessarily easy to discern. Usually, many years elapse between the cloning of a familial tumor suppressor gene and the identification of its function. Moreover, although valuable information will be garnered about a gene’s function, translating this knowledge into effective therapeutic regimens, based on the knowledge of an individual’s genetic lesion, is extremely difficult. However, an article appearing in this issue of the Journal (1), as well as two other articles (2,3), suggests that genotype-based therapeutics for familial breast cancer caused by lesions in the BRCA2 gene may be possible. All of these studies show that cell lines lacking functional BRCA2 are hypersensitive to agents that
Preemptive emergency medium access for wireless sensor networks: performance under realistic network conditions

The proliferation of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployment in threat monitoring applications requires support for emergency-class services with tight Quality-of-Service (QoS) bounds. The CP-EDCA protocol was designed to achieve deterministic delay bounds for emergency-class traffic during distributed wireless network operation. The CP-EDCA scheme could be an ideal choice for prioritised channel access in WSNs, if the performance is demonstrated to be effective under WSN conditions. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of CP-EDCA protocol under erroneous channel conditions and multi-hop data flow scenarios, which are distinctive features of WSNs. Mathematical and simulation analysis depicts that under typical WSN conditions, distributed preemptions accomplish deterministic delay bounds for emergency traffic even with heavy network loads. Under severe packet losses, CP-EDCA depicted perceivable improvements, relative to IEEE 802.11e standards. Analysis in multi-hop scenarios validates that the channel access preemptions have a significant impact on the end-to-end data flow performance.
Binarization, synchronous binarization, and target-side binarization

Binarization is essential for achieving polynomial time complexities in parsing and syntax-based machine translation. This paper presents a new binarization scheme, target-side binarization, and compares it with source-side and synchronous binarizations on both string-based and tree-based systems using synchronous grammars. In particular, we demonstrate the effectiveness of targetside binarization on a large-scale tree-to-string translation system.
Multicasting: Lesbian Programming and the Changing Landscape of Cable TV

Paying particular attention to the ways in which lesbian consumers and programming are co-constituted, this article examines lesbian programming on cable TV as a strategic method for attracting aud...
Actions of a novel synthetic natriuretic peptide on hemodynamics and ventricular function in the dog.

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) is a recently discovered peptide with structural similarity to known natriuretic peptides. DNP has been shown to possess potent renal actions. Our objectives w...
What's new in pediatric surgery--1989.

The recent developments in pediatric surgical research as well as new concepts and clinical applications in the specialty are emphasized in this report. There is no attempt to make this review all inclusive. Rather, it focuses on specific areas in which new data or techniques will influence future investigations or the management of patients. EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION No area has commanded more investigational effort than extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). By oculopneumoplethysmography Foglia et al1 assessed the effects of right internal carotid artery ligation on cerebral perfusion in lambs during ECMO. Postnormoxic lambs had good right hemispheric perfusion after right internal carotid artery ligation, and posthypoxic animals showed marked initial depression of ipsilateral hemispheric perfusion which improved progressively and was comparable to the normoxic model at 20 hours. Foglia et al postulated a loss of autoregulation and/or intracranial edema, both of which were reversible. It is known that ECMO is associated with an early increase in inflammatory mediators. Simoni et al2 documented a second peak of complement activation and prostaglandin synthesis after 72 hours of high-flow ECMO. They reported increased levels of endotoxin, free radical activity, and tumor necrosis factor, all markers of systemic sepsis. Early weaning, meticulous technique, and periodic replacement of the ECMO circuit for the extended run are emphasized. Crombleholme and co-workers3 proposed using ECMO as a bridge to transplantation with reduced-size lung grafts. They demonstrated the technical feasibility of the procedure in immature swine recipients. The graft was ventilated preferentially and accepted the entire cardiac output. Ongoing studies by Stolar and Dillon4 demonstrated a biphasic prostanoid response in newborn lambs undergoing ECMO perfusion.
A planar filter-lens array for millimeter-wave applications

The novel concept of filter-lens array (FLA) is introduced in this paper. Measured results for a Ka-band design show that a typical FLA can meet system requirements for a wide range of applications. FLAs present a compact and simple means of focusing and filtering at millimeter-wave frequencies, and can replace the standard combinations of dielectric lenses and bandpass filters. They are expected to find application in power combining, medium-angle beam-steering, and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) imaging systems.
Signal Flow Graph for a Probe-Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna

Complex coupling environments are difficult to represent analytically. Signal flow graphs offer an analysis method for such networks, allowing network elements to be treated individually. These elements can then be reintegrated and ultimately analyzed using Mason's Gain Rule. This letter presents a signal flow graph of the microstrip patch antenna, a simple coupling network, that is often an element in large, more complex coupling networks. Comparisons between results from the signal flow graph and the traditional transmission line model are provided.