cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the high power THz source program at Jefferson Lab

We report the evolution of the high power THz source program at Jefferson Lab. The source is based on coherent synchrotron radiation in which short bunches of relativistic electrons radiate when traversing a dipolar magnetic field. In our first accelerator we produced 20 W of broadband THz light. Our upgraded accelerator with higher current and improved THz extraction optics will considerably enhance the output power to >100 W. In this paper we describe the source in some detail and present theoretical calculations for the upgrade.
The Case for Curriculum-Based, External Examinations that Have Significant Consequences for Students.

State-mandated systems of comprehensive examinations to be taken prior to high school graduation would focus the attention of students in high school, motivate them to higher levels of performance, provide guidance to teachers as to the appropriate material to be covered, and reduce antieducational pressures within peer groups, all of whose members would share a common objective.
The Passive Cavity Gyro

This paper reports our experimental results with the Passive Cavity Gyro (PCG). The angular random walks in our long- and short-term drift runs are within a factor of 3 of the setup performance limit. Optical misalignment tests indicate fairly low sensitivities of the bias and random walk to component misalignments. The PCG concept allows for the development of very high performance gyros. Also, recent results in fabrication of low-loss waveguides make PCG an attractive candidate for developing small, low-cost gyros.
HERC6 Is the Main E3 Ligase for Global ISG15 Conjugation in Mouse Cells

Type I interferon (IFN) stimulates expression and conjugation of the ubiquitin-like modifier IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), thereby restricting replication of a wide variety of viruses. Conjugation of ISG15 is critical for its antiviral activity in mice. HECT domain and RCC1-like domain containing protein 5 (HerC5) mediates global ISGylation in human cells, whereas its closest relative, HerC6, does not. So far, the requirement of HerC5 for ISG15-mediated antiviral activity has remained unclear. One of the main obstacles to address this issue has been that no HerC5 homologue exists in mice, hampering the generation of a good knock-out model. However, mice do express a homologue of HerC6 that, in contrast to human HerC6, can mediate ISGylation. Here we report that the mouse HerC6 N-terminal RCC1-like domain (RLD) allows ISG15 conjugation when replacing the corresponding domain in the human HerC6 homologue. In addition, sequences in the C-terminal HECT domain of mouse HerC6 also appear to facilitate efficient ISGylation. Mouse HerC6 paralleled human HerC5 in localization and IFN-inducibility. Moreover, HerC6 knock-down in mouse cells abolished global ISGylation, whereas its over expression enhanced the IFNβ promoter and conferred antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. Together these data indicate that HerC6 is likely the functional counterpart of human HerC5 in mouse cells, suggesting that HerC6−/− mice may provide a feasible model to study the role of human HerC5 in antiviral responses.
Substitution analysis: A case study of solvents

Abstract This paper presents an example of a substitution analysis, an approach often required in dealing with issues of exposure to toxic substances. CFC-113, a chlorofluorocarbon-based solvent is suspected of depleting the ozone layer. This study examines potential alternatives to pure CFC-113, specifically in defluxing applications. The results suggest that none of the potential substitutes is ideal in terms of cleaning capability. Certain CFC-113/alcohol blends or the CFC-113/methylene chloride azeotrope could be substituted in some applications but, because they still contain CFC-113, the threat of ozone depletion would only be reduced, not eliminated. Water is probably the safest possible substitute, but it poses regulatory and technical problems.
Characterization of the Glycosylation Occupancy and the Active Site in the Follow-on Protein Therapeutic: TNK-Tissue Plasminogen Activator

TNK-tPA products from the innovator and follow-on manufacturers were characterized and compared. All tryptic peptides including N-terminal, C-terminal, and mutated peptides as well as the disulfide-linked peptides were identified, with the demonstration of the same primary sequence and disulfide linkages between the innovator and follow-on products. The three N-linked and one O-linked fucose glycosylation sites were identified. The two N-linked fucose sites (N103 and N448) and one O-linked fucose site (T61) were fully glycosylated in both innovator and follow-on products. The other N-linked site (N184) was partially glycosylated and exhibited a ∼2.5-fold difference between the innovator (60% occupancy) and follow-on (25% occupancy) products. Since the glycosylation occupancy at this site is known to affect biological activity in the clot lysis assay, this observed difference could cause a concern as to their bioequivalence. The cleavage site for the conversion of the zymogen form to active enzyme was also...
The enthalpy of micellization of potassium decanoate in solutions of H2O and D2O determined with microcalorimetry

Abstract The microcalorimetrically determined heat of dilution data are used to evaluate the enthalpy of micellization at the CMC (Δ H M ) for potassium decanoate in H 2 O and D 2 O. The values for Δ H M based on a mass-action model are in good agreement with those determined graphically. That Δ H M in D 2 O is higher by 30% than in H 2 O at 298.4°K and that diminution in Δ H M at 307.9°K is observed in H 2 O are both consistent with the hydrogen bonding treatment of hydrophobic association.
Isotope effect for cation self-diffusion in CoO crystals

Abstract Diffusion of Co50 in CoO single crystals has been measured in the temperature range from 963 to 1638°C in air by the tracer-sectioning technique. The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient for Co60 is given by the expression The isotope effect for cation self-diffusion was determined by simultaneous diffusion of Co55 and Co60 tracers in CoO crystals. The strength of isotope effect defined by was 0. 582±0. 009 independent of temperature in the range from 1081 to 1411 °C. By comparing the experimental value of E60 with the calculated values for the various possible diffusion mechanisms, it has been concluded that the cations diffuse by a vacancy mechanism in CoO, and the ΔK is 0. 746.
Characterizing a Mississippian tripolitic chert reservoir using 3D unsupervised and supervised multiattribute seismic facies analysis: An example from Osage County, Oklahoma

AbstractSeismic interpretation is based on the identification of reflector configuration and continuity, with coherent reflectors having a distinct amplitude, frequency, and phase. Skilled interpreters may classify reflector configurations as parallel, converging, truncated, or hummocky, and use their expertise to identify stratigraphic packages and unconformities. In principal, a given pattern can be explicitly defined as a combination of waveform and reflector configuration properties, although such “clustering” is often done subconsciously. Computer-assisted classification of seismic attribute volumes builds on the same concepts. Seismic attributes not only quantify characteristics of the seismic reflection events, but also measure aspects of reflector configurations. The Mississippi Lime resource play of northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas provides a particularly challenging problem. Instead of defining the facies stratigraphically, we need to define them either diagenetically (tight limestone, stra...
Short-term augmented calcium intake has no effect on sodium homeostasis.

To test the hypothesis that the supplementation of dietary calcium intake influences sodium homeostasis, the renin-angiotensin system, and sympathetic nervous system in a manner that might evoke a decrease in arterial blood pressure, we gave 16 participants (eight normal and eight with hypertension) placebo for 8 days, followed by 500 mg elemental calcium as the carbonate salt twice a day for 8 days. The same diet was prepared for each meal for the entire study. Sodium intake was fixed for each participant and averaged 150 mEq/day. All urine was collected every day. Blood was drawn at the end of the placebo and calcium periods for determinations of plasma renin, aldosterone, and norepinephrine values. Calcium supplementation increased urinary calcium excretion significantly in both groups. However, calcium supplementation failed to influence sodium or potassium excretion, serum electrolytes, total serum calcium, renin, aldosterone, or norepinephrine levels, or heart rate. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were not influenced in normal subjects, but in patients with hypertension the supine systolic blood pressure decreased significantly. We conclude that blood pressure lowering effects of calcium, should they occur, are not likely the result of augmented urinary sodium excretion or of straight-forward influences on the renin-angiotensin system or sympathetic nervous system. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1986) 39, 414–419; doi:10.1038/clpt.1986.64
Computer generation of gamma random variables—II

A rejection method is proposed for generating gamma variates with nonintegral shape parameter a, a > 1. This method is similar to other methods given by Fishman, Wallace, and Tadikamalla and is faster than these methods for a > 2. The core storage requirements and the programming effort for the proposed method are similar to those of Wallace's or Tadikamalla's methods. The computational times for the proposed method remain fairly constant for medium and large values of a and are superior to times obtained by Arhens and Dieter's method for all values of a. The proposed method is simpler than Ahrens and Dieter's method.
Commentary: Pemphigus Erythematosus: A Unique Member of the Pemphigus Group

In 1926, Senear and Usher 1 first focused attention on a unique type of pemphigus with clinical overlap features of lupus erythematosus (LE). Based solely on the clinical manifestation, these authors summarized 11 cases of this unique dermatosis—four cases reported by them and seven additional similar cases summarized at the time in the world literature. Most of these cases had been reported at meetings of various dermatologic societies, which resulted in considerable discussion and confusion concerning proper classification of the disease. Nevertheless, the idea of an overlap syndrome was proposed. The following two distinct clinical features were noted: (1) a facial rash strikingly similar to LE and (2) bullous lesions on the body, particularly on the chest and upper part of the back, that resembled pemphigus. These latter lesions would rupture easily, leaving denuded areas or seborrheiclike crusts and would involute spontaneously, with subsequent hyperpigmentation. In their discussion of the
A detector system for heavy projectile fragments in the few GeV/nucleon energy region

Abstract We describe a detector system which can uniquely identify heavy projectile fragments produced in nucleus-nucleus reactions in the few GeV/nucleon energy region. The system consists of a superconducting dipole magnet with (1) a drift chamber for tracking, (2) a Cherenkov hodoscope for charge measurements, (3) a Cherenkov hodoscope for velocity measurements, and (4) a multiplicity array to measure the number of participant protons. We have achieved a charge resolution of σ Z = 0.22 e , a mass resolution of σ A = 0.21 amu, and a rigidity resolution of σ R / R = 5.2 × 10 −3 at 5.4 GeV/c. The velocity resolution of the Cherenkov hodoscope is estimated to be σ β ≈ 4.0 × 10 −4 for β = 0.93.
The DPY30 subunit in SET1/MLL complexes regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells

Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modifications, have emerged as important factors influencing cell fate determination. The functional role of H3K4 methylation, however, remains largely unclear in the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)/hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Here we show that DPY30, a shared core subunit of the SET1/MLL family methyltransferase complexes and a facilitator of their H3K4 methylation activity, is important for ex vivo proliferation and differentiation of human CD34+ HPCs. DPY30 promotes HPC proliferation by directly regulating the expression of genes critical for cell proliferation. Interestingly, while DPY30 knockdown in HPCs impaired their differentiation into the myelomonocytic lineage, it potently promoted hemoglobin production and affected the kinetics of their differentiation into the erythroid lineage. In an in vivo model, we show that morpholino-mediated dpy30 knockdown resulted in severe defects in the development of the zebrafish hematopoietic system, which could be partially rescued by coinjection of dpy30 messenger RNA. Taken together, our results establish a critical role of DPY30 in the proliferation and appropriate differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and in animal hematopoiesis. Finally, we also demonstrate a crucial role of DPY30 in the growth of several MLL1-fusion–mediated leukemia cell lines.
Stopping powers of C, Al, Ni, Cu, In, Sn, Ag and Au for 7Li ions of 1.0–4.7 MeV

Abstract Stopping powers for 7 Li ions in selected target elements were determined for the energy range 2.0–4.7 MeV. This range was extended below 1.0 MeV for elements for which measurements were not available. A surface barrier detector was used to compare the energy loss of 7 Li and 4 He ions in thin, self-supported films. The 4 He energy loss was taken as the measure of the film thickness. An energy dependence was confirmed for the ratio of the effective charges of lithium to hydrogen ions at the same velocity.
Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome

Cholesterol embolization syndrome refers to embolization of the contents of an atherosclerotic plaque (primarily cholesterol crystals) from a proximal large-caliber artery to distal small to medium arteries causing end-organ damage by mechanical plugging and an inflammatory response. Synonyms used in the medical literature include atheromatous embolization, cholesterol crystal embolization, and atheroembolism. Cholesterol embolization syndrome should be distinguished from the related and much more common syndrome of arterio-arterial thromboembolism in which fragments of a thrombus that forms atop an atheromatous plaque in the aorta or a large artery travel distally and occlude medium to large arteries.1 Cholesterol embolization syndrome is generally characterized by a multitude of small emboli (showers of microemboli) occurring over time. This is in contrast to arterio-arterial thromboembolism, which is usually characterized by an abrupt release of 1 or a few large emboli, leading to severe ischemia of target organs. Cholesterol embolization syndrome has a variety of clinical presentations. Cholesterol emboli originating in the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta may lead to renal failure, gut ischemia, and emboli to the skeletal muscles and the skin. Dermatologic manifestations (most commonly livedo reticularis and blue toe syndrome) are usually confined to the lower extremities but may extend to the abdomen and the chest. Cholesterol emboli originating in the ascending aorta may in addition cause neurological damage that is typically diffuse and due to small infarcts. Cholesterol embolization syndrome is also characterized by a nonspecific acute inflammatory response leading to constitutional symptoms (such as fever and malaise) and abnormalities in laboratory tests (such as hypereosinophilia and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate). These manifestations will be discussed in detail later in the text. Danish physician Fenger and his colleagues appear to have provided the first description of atheroembolism in the Danish medical brochure Ugeskrift for Laeger (Doctors’ Weekly).2 In 1844, they …
Reconstructing past population processes with general equilibrium models: House mice in Kern County, California, 1926-1927

Reconstructing past ecosystem conditions is helpful in addressing a range of basic and applied questions, but difficult because of a lack of inferential or modeling approaches. Here, we demonstrate the use of a general equilibrium ecosystem model (GEEM) to investigate ecological conditions surrounding a population eruption of the house mouse (Mus musculus) in Kern County, California in the 1920s, arguably the most dramatic mammalian population eruption reported for North America. Our application of GEEM to this ecosystem allowed us to evaluate the plausibility of reported population densities of house mice that were extreme, even in comparison with values for the same species introduced in Australia, and to examine alternative hypothetical community interactions and their effects on populations. The modeled ecosystem included vegetation, native small rodents and introduced house mice as herbivores, and mammalian predators. Individual plants and animals behaved as net energy optimizers, with net energy directed to reproduction. Optimizing predators determined the biomass taken from prey, and prey, through feeding choices, determined their vulnerability to predators. Model inputs incorporated the competitive superiority of house mice to native small rodents, the time of arrival of house mice in the area, and the timing and intensity of predator removal. Without an invasion of house mice, human removal of predators was predicted to minimally affect native small rodents. Without human removal of predators, invading house mouse populations were predicted to attain high, oscillating densities by the 1920s that stabilized at lower densities by the 1930s, with native small rodents persisting in the area. With near-complete human removal of predators and with house mice present, native small rodents were predicted to go nearly extinct, and house mice to attain densities similar to those reported. The predicted lag between the introduction and eruption of house mice approximated reported values. Predation on native and introduced rodents was predicted to allow both rodent groups to coexist, whereas near-complete removal of predators caused native small rodents to approach extinction during the house mouse eruption, consistent with empirical studies. GEEM appears to be a useful tool for reconstructing past ecosystem conditions and trophic interactions.
Your Brain on Insulin: From Heresy to Dogma.

As recently as 1988, the idea that insulin might regulate cognitive and neural functions was, if not quite heretical, still seen as unlikely. As our ability to measure metabolic and molecular chang...
The clonal assay of head and neck tumor cells: Results and clinical correlations

Since the application of in vitro techniques to assess the activity of antibiotics against bacteria, there has been an interest in using tissue culture techniques to predict the effects of antineoplastic agents on human cancers. Generally, the in vitro effects have not always correlated with the clinical actions. Recently a refined method for measuring the number of cells in a given tumor capable of being cloned and the effects of cytotoxic agents on the cloned tumor cell growth has been developed. There is now good clinical correlation in patients with multiple myeloma and ovarian carcinomas with the responses to chemotherapeutic agents determined in vitro. The soft agar clonal assay has been used to study the biology of head and neck tumor stem cells. At the University of Virginia, 73 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the head and neck were cloned. The basic characteristics of cloned head and neck tumor cell growth was studied in terms of 1. single cell origin, 2. cloning efficiency, 3. colony development, 4. linearity, 5. effects of enzyme disaggregation and 6. ultrastructural characteristics. The clinical characteristics of T class, N class, stage, survival, and Jakobsson's rating of tumor differentiation were correlated with cloning efficiency to determine if there are predictive survival data. Obtaining single cells from the tumors continues to be a major problem. The use of enzymes (collagenase and DNase) has aided in the production of single cells for culture. The enzymes are superior to mechanical techniques and do not compromise viability or cloning efficiency. Electron microscopy is valuable in documenting the malignant nature of the cloned tumor cells. Of the 73 squamous cell carcinomas that were cultured, 49% demonstrated clonal growth. A number of non-squamous cell carcinomas were also successfully cloned. The cloning efficiency was variable ranging from .001% to .05%. For the SCC's the median cloning efficiency was .005%. Twenty-nine SCC's were available for clinical correlations. Chemosensitivity testing was often not feasible because of inadequate numbers of tumor cells in the small specimens and frequent failure of clonal growth. A statistically significant correlation of high cloning efficiency with advanced nodal class, stage, and survival was observed. There was no correlation with T class or Jakobsson's rating. A cloning efficiency of ≤ .005% was associated with a high likelihood of death from disease or the development of recurrent disease. For head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, the determination of cloning efficiency in soft agar appears to be a valuable prognostic indicator.
Distribution of Federal Transportation Subsidies Cities, States, and Regions

This article estimates the spatial distribution of federal transit and highway subsidies in the United States under past and current federal transportation programs and explores possible causes of these distributions. Calculations are made for 26 selected cities, for all states, and for all census regions. Distributions under past and current programs are compared with distributions that would result from various hypothetical revisions that have been proposed. The main finding is that rural states and regions benefit from much larger federal highway subsidies per capita than do urban states and regions, and that these highway subsidies more than offset the relatively larger per capita transit subsidies that urbanized states and regions receive. The article concludes by analyzing the implications of these and other estimated distributional impacts for federal transportation policy.
Effects of waveguide wall grooves used to hold samples for measurement of permittivity and permeability

The complex permittivity and permeability of a material may be measured at microwave frequencies by placing a sample of the material in a waveguide and measuring the complex reflection and transmission coefficients. Whereas there are various approaches to holding the sample in place, for a thin rigid sample shallow grooves may be cut in the waveguide walls for this purpose. However, such grooves will be a source of error since higher order modes can be excited. In this paper the modal analysis method is used to illustrate the potential for error in measuring constitutive parameters of the sample introduced by the grooves. >
Preclinical evaluation of group B streptococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines prepared with a modified diphtheria toxin and a recombinant duck hepatitis B core antigen

Abstract An effective vaccine against group B streptococcal (GBS) disease will undoubtedly include capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) from each of the five serotypes prevalent in the United States individually coupled to immunogenic proteins. This formulation may require the use of two or more different protein carriers. We preclinically examined the potential of two proteins to serve as effective carriers for GBS type III CPS. Recombinant duck hepatitis B core antigen (rdHBcAg), a particulate protein of viral origin, and a newly mutated form of diphtheria toxin (DTm) were covalently and directly coupled to purified type III CPS by reductive amination. Seventy-seven of 79 (97%) newborn pups born to mouse dams actively vaccinated with type III CPS–rdHBcAg conjugate survived GBS type III challenge, whereas none of the pups born to dams that received an uncoupled mixture of type III CPS and rdHBcAg or saline survived. Likewise, 64 (98%) of 65 pups born to dams vaccinated with type III CPS–DTm conjugate survived challenge, in sharp contrast to no survivors among the pups born to dams vaccinated with an uncoupled mixture of type III CPS and DTm. The presence of type III CPS-specific IgG in serum from dams correlated with pup survival in groups that received a conjugate vaccine, and this serum was opsonically active in vitro against GBS type III. In addition, carrier-specific IgG was also measured in serum from vaccinated mice. These data suggest that the rdHBcAg and DTm may be effective carriers for GBS CPSs.
Computing by molecular self-assembly

The paper reviews two computing models by DNA self-assembly whose proof of principal have recently been experimentally confirmed. The first model incorporates DNA nano-devices and triple crossover DNA molecules to algorithmically arrange non-DNA species. This is achieved by simulating a finite-state automaton with output where golden nanoparticles are assembled to read-out the result. In the second model, a complex DNA molecule representing a graph emerges as a solution of a computational problem. This supports the idea that in molecular self-assembly computing, it may be necessary to develop the notion of shape processing besides the classical approach through symbol processing.
Bone marrow depletion by 89Sr complements a preleukemic defect in a long terminal repeat variant of Moloney murine leukemia virus.

Abstract We previously described a preleukemic state induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) characterized by hematopoietic hyperplasia in the spleen. Further experiments suggested that splenic hyperplasia results from inhibitory effects in the bone marrow, leading to compensatory extramedullary hematopoiesis. An enhancer variant of Mo-MuLV, Mo + PyF101 Mo-MuLV, fails to induce preleukemic hyperplasia and has greatly reduced leukemogenicity, indicating the importance of this state to efficient leukemogenesis. An alternative method for induction of preleukemic hyperplasia was sought. Treatment of mice with 89Sr causes specific ablation of bone marrow hematopoiesis and compensatory extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen and nodes. NIH Swiss mice were inoculated neonatally with Mo + PyF101 Mo-MuLV and treated with 89Sr at 6 weeks of age. Approximately 85% developed lymphoid leukemia with a time course resembling that caused by wild-type Mo-MuLV. In contrast, very few animals treated with Mo + PyF101 Mo-MuLV or 89Sr alone developed disease. In approximately one-third of cases, the Mo + PyF101 Mo-MuLV proviruses were found at common sites for wild-type Mo-MuLV-induced tumors (c-myc, pvt-1, and pim-1), indicating that this virus is capable of performing insertional activation in T-lymphoid cells. These results support the proposal that splenic hyperplasia results from inhibitory effects in the bone marrow. They also indicate that Mo + PyF101 Mo-MuLV is blocked in early and not late events in leukemogenesis.
THREE APPROACHES TO THE MAPPING OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA1

(1962). THREE APPROACHES TO THE MAPPING OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 455-468.
Effects of metabolic acidosis on intracellular pH responses in multiple cell types

Metabolic acidosis (MAc), a decrease in extracellular pH (pHo) caused by a decrease in [HCO3 (-)]o at a fixed [CO2]o, is a common clinical condition and causes intracellular pH (pHi) to fall. Although previous work has suggested that MAc-induced decreases in pHi (ΔpHi) differ among cell types, what is not clear is the extent to which these differences are the result of the wide variety of methodologies employed by various investigators. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of two sequential MAc challenges (MAc1 and MAc2) on pHi in 10 cell types/lines: primary-cultured hippocampal (HCN) neurons and astrocytes (HCA), primary-cultured medullary raphe (MRN) neurons, and astrocytes (MRA), CT26 colon cancer, the C2C12 skeletal muscles, primary-cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and dendritic cells (BMDC), Ink4a/ARF-null melanocytes, and XB-2 keratinocytes. We monitor pHi using ratiometric fluorescence imaging of 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein while imposing MAc: lowering (pHo) from 7.4 to 7.2 by decreasing [HCO3 (-)]o from 22 to 14 mM at 5% CO2 for 7 min. After MAc1, we return cells to the control solution for 10 min and impose MAc2. Using our definition of MAc resistance [(ΔpHi/ΔpHo) ≤ 40%], during MAc1, ∼70% of CT26 and ∼50% of C2C12 are MAc-resistant, whereas the other cell types are predominantly MAc-sensitive. During MAc2, some cells adapt [(ΔpHi/ΔpHo)2 (ΔpHi/ΔpHo)1], particularly HCN, C2C12, and XB-2. Thus, responses to twin MAc challenges depend both on the individual cell and cell type.
Location-Aided Fast Distributed Averaging

Existing works on distributed averaging explore linear iterations based on reversible Markov chains, and hence the convergence is bounded to be slow due to the diffusive behavior of the reversible random walk. In this paper, we study the possibility of utilizing nonreversible chains to achieve faster averaging in wireless networks. We first show that it is possible to achieve an -averaging time of ?(r-1 log(1/)) in a wireless network with a transmission radius r, with a centralized grid-based algorithm. We then proceed to propose a purely distributed algorithm, the Location-Aided Distributed Averaging-Uniform (LADA-U) algorithm, where the direction information of neighbors is used to construct nonreversible chains with uniform stationary distributions. It is shown that LADA-U can achieve the same scaling law in averaging time as the centralized scheme, but needs a substantially larger transmission range than minimum connectivity requirement, mainly due to the induced diffusive behavior.
“E” Enactments in Psychoanalysis: Another Medium, Another Message

This paper explores sources of therapeutic action located in inchoate experience, in the often-preconscious resonance that is generated in that dimension of experience which we have come to regard as enacted in the transference/countertransference field. The living and working through of a wide range of problematic and reparative elements distilled in the analytic relationship are described as a crucial source of therapeutic action. A brief historical treatment of the place of enactment in different psychoanalytic traditions is followed by the explication of two different kinds of enactments: ordinary, quotidian enactments that form the daily ebb and flow or ordinary analytic process and (capital E) Enactments. The latter are highly condensed precipitates of unconscious psychic elements in patient and in analyst that mobilize our full, heightened attention and define, and take hold of, analytic activity for periods of time. Clinical vignettes by Theodore Jacobs and Margaret Black are discussed in explicat...
Power System Voltage Regulation via STATCOM Internal Nonlinear Control

A new internal STATCOM control based on feedback linearization is proposed. The feedback linearization controller is developed without any simplifying assumptions to the STATCOM model. The proposed control is validated on the IEEE 118-bus system with full-order generator and network models as opposed to a small test system. Furthermore, the proposed control is benchmarked against published results. Lastly controllability issues associated with a singularity in the feedback linearization control (FBLC) coordinate transformation is identified, and a solution is provided to avoid instability.
Amylose‐iodine complex formation without KI: Evidence for absence of iodide ions within the complex

Amylose-iodine (AI) complex has been synthesized in aqueous solution without added KI. Complex formation (with solid iodine in amylose solution) is maximized at approximately 35°C and decreases beyond that temperature. Ion-selective electrode (ISE) measurements of an aqueous solution of iodine and AI complex indicate that there is no change in the I− ion concentration when the complex forms. This suggests that I− ions (including I, I, and others) cannot be involved in forming the AI complex. The present work also reports a new and simple method for providing both the iodine-binding capacity (IBC) of amylose and the dissociation mechanism for the AI complex. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2711–2717, 1999
Comparison of state requirements for preprinted prescriptions

Many pharmacists are uncertain about how to deal with pre-printed prescriptions: prescription pads preprinted with the drug name, quantity, and, less frequently, directions for use. Although these easy-to-read and convenient prescriptions are appealing, there is the potential for prescription
Before, Now, and After: Assessing Hurricane Katrina Relief

We assess governmental and non-governmental responses to disasters using primary data of Hurricane Katrina survivors along the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Non-governmental sources include nonprofit relief groups, faith-based organizations, and survivors’ self-identified social networks. We assess the impact of these governmental and non-governmental relief efforts on survivors’ economic, psychological, physical, and social effects from the disaster. Our results show that social isolation significantly increases perceptions of disaster disturbance and decreases perceived rates of disaster relief. Additionally, survivors perceive that social networks provide greater sources of psychological, financial and social disaster relief than government sources. However, survivors’ social networks decay sharply in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, and they do not appear to fully recover a year from the disaster. These social networks themselves are not fully resilient to a disaster.
Conspicuity tape for enhanced laser range finding

The signal from a laser range finder is greatly enhanced by attaching a retroreflector to the target. Low-cost, lightweight retroreflectors can be fabricated from conspicuity tape. This work reports the near-infrared retroreflection characteristics of conspicuity tape from bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements at 904 nm. BRDF values approach 500 sr-1 at near normal incidence. The BRDF test results are applied to predict the performance of alternate lightweight retroreflector designs suitable for tracking small helium balloons. The combination of a range finder and retroreflecting balloon enable a low-cost, high-performance method for wind profiling.
Molecular Mechanisms that Regulate the Coupled Period of the Mammalian Circadian Clock

In mammals, most cells in the brain and peripheral tissues generate circadian (∼24 h) rhythms autonomously. These self-sustained rhythms are coordinated and entrained by a master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Within the SCN, the individual rhythms of each neuron are synchronized through intercellular signaling. One important feature of SCN is that the synchronized period is close to the population mean of cells’ intrinsic periods. In this way, the synchronized period of the SCN stays close to the periods of cells in peripheral tissues. This is important because the SCN must entrain cells throughout the body. However, the mechanism that drives the period of the coupled SCN cells to the population mean is not known. We use mathematical modeling and analysis to show that the mechanism of transcription repression in the intracellular feedback loop plays a pivotal role in regulating the coupled period. Specifically, we use phase response curve analysis to show that the coupled period within the SCN stays near the population mean if transcriptional repression occurs via protein sequestration. In contrast, the coupled period is far from the mean if repression occurs through highly nonlinear Hill-type regulation (e.g., oligomer- or phosphorylation-based repression), as widely assumed in previous mathematical models. Furthermore, we find that the timescale of intercellular coupling needs to be fast compared to that of intracellular feedback to maintain the mean period. These findings reveal the important relationship between the intracellular transcriptional feedback loop and intercellular coupling. This relationship explains why transcriptional repression appears to occur via protein sequestration in multicellular organisms, mammals, and Drosophila, in contrast with the phosphorylation-based repression in unicellular organisms and syncytia. That is, transition to protein sequestration is essential for synchronizing multiple cells with a period close to the population mean (∼24 h).
A Review of Distributional Testing Procedures and Development of a Censored Sample Distributional Test

A review of recent procedures for tests of distributional assumptions is given. Test procedures are grouped into three categories: regression type tests, probability integral transformation tests and special feature tests. The application of regression tests to distributions with location and shape parameters with emphasis on the normal, multivariate normal, exponential, and Weibull distributions and the advantages and limitations of recently improved EDF procedures are discussed. Tests which use characteristics unique to each of the normal, exponential, gamma, extreme value and Weibull distributions are also discussed.
Determination and Prevention of Infant Brain Dysfunction: Sensory and Nonsensory Aspects

There is accumulating evidence that environmental conditions during the prenatal and perinatal periods and the early years of life have a determining impact upon the intellectual and emotional development of the human infant. This has special relevance for environmental planning for the increasing numbers of infants born at-risk for central nervous system dysfunction associated with such conditions as malnutrition, drug effects, prematurity, infection, respiratory distress, and hyperbilirubinemia. A 68% improvement in survival rate between the years of 1962 and 1971 was found for premature infants born in New York City with birthweights under 1000 g, according to a recent report (Culliton, 1975). Approximately 150,000 infants per year, or one of every 20 babies born in the United States, are placed in neonatal intensive care units for observation and treatment (Steinmann, 1975). Evidence suggests that 20% to 30% of these infants may develop handicaps including sensory and perceptual deficits, learning disabilities, and various behavioral problems (Drillien, 1964, 1965; Knobloch and Pasamanick, 1960; Rogers, 1968). Nevertheless, considerable variability is seen in developmental outcome which cannot be satisfactorily accounted for in terms of prenatal risk factors, birth distress, or neonatal status. Newer treatment methods appear to offer hope of significantly reducing the developmental hazards associated with high-risk birth; however, their long-range impact still requires intensive investigation.
A glimpse of Ayurveda – The forgotten history and principles of Indian traditional medicine

Ayurveda is considered as one of the oldest of the traditional systems of medicine (TSMs) accepted worldwide. The ancient wisdom in this traditional system of medicine is still not exhaustively explored. The junction of the rich knowledge from different traditional systems of medicine can lead to new avenues in herbal drug discovery process. The lack of the understanding of the differences and similarities between the theoretical doctrines of these systems is the major hurdle towards their convergence apart from the other impediments in the discovery of plant based medicines. This review aims to bring into limelight the age old history and the basic principles of Ayurveda. This would help the budding scholars, researchers and practitioners gain deeper perspicuity of traditional systems of medicine, facilitate strengthening of the commonalities and overcome the challenges towards their global acceptance and harmonization of such medicinal systems.
MRI of biopsy needles by susceptibility mapping based on Wiener filter F and L1-regularization

Biopsy needles are devices that have been used for intravenous therapy. However, the high susceptibility of needles results in signal loss and distortion which makes the location of needles hard to identify in the MRI images. A variety of approaches has been proposed to quantify the susceptibility of the materials being imaged because susceptibility is an intrinsic property that can be used to make a good contrast between different materials. Although previous techniques on susceptibility mapping seem quite effective, they usually consume too much time due to the iterations. In this paper, a method based on Wiener filter is developed to improve the speed of susceptibility mapping. Simulation and phantom experiment demonstrate the effectiveness and high efficiency of the proposed method.
State and Trait Dissociation: Evaluating Convergent and Discriminant Validity

In an undergraduate sample (N = 214), we examined the construct validity of the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scales (CADSS; Bremner, Krystal, Putnam, Southwick, Marmar, Charney, et al., 1998) in the context of measures of state and trait dissociation, administered in conjunction with measures of depression, state anxiety, and affect. We found evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the dissociation measures in terms of correlations among dissociation measures that exceeded the correlations of the dissociation measures with measures of other constructs. Internal consistencies of the dissociation measures exceeded .80. Multiple regression analyses provided further evidence of construct validity in that variance in dissociation scores was largely accounted for by scores on other dissociation measures. Nevertheless, measures of anxiety, affect, and depression accounted for incremental variance in the prediction of dissociation measures and therefore should be included in a compr...
Distribution of Heliothis zea Eggs and First-Instar Larvae on Peanuts

Oviposition by the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), on peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., was studied in the laboratory and in field cages. Highly significant differences in location of eggs were found. Numbers of eggs deposited in the peripheral, middle, and inner portions of the plant, respectively, occurred in a mean ratio of 9.9:4.9:1.0. Leaves were chosen ca. 86.5% of the time as oviposition sites compared with stems. In addition, the bottom leaf surface was selected over the top leaf surface by a 2.1:1.0 ratio. The least preferred sites for oviposition were stems and the lower portion of the plant. 1st-instar larvae exhibited a distinct preference for terminals as feeding sites.
To B(MP-2) or Not To B(MP-2): Cytokines and Tumor Surgery—Response

In response to my editorial, the authors state that they “in principle” agree that survival should trump orthopedic outcomes. They attempt to distract the readership from the safety concerns of BMP-2 in osteosarcoma patients by proposing that multiagent chemotherapy has not improved survival,
Power: a changing commodity.

"Rapid and tumultuous change in health care as well as business has precipitated a power shift," declares Mr. Hage in this candid discussion of a quality that is both abstract and concrete. Centralized power is no longer the order of the day; in fact, the new stance supports pushing power down into organizations where it can be better used by those closer to the action. The author maintains that effective participants in this new model will learn to share power and respect knowledge as the only tool that wields it.
Vasorelaxation by an endothelium-derived metabolite of arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid elicited relaxation responses in normal rabbit aorta precontracted with norepinephrine. The relaxation response was enhanced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and inhibited by lipoxygenase inhibitors, including nordihydroguaiaretic acid and cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate. The cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase inhibitor metyrapone had no effect on arachidonic acid-induced relaxations. The present study hypothesized that a lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid mediated the response. Incubation of rabbit aorta with [14C]arachidonic acid resulted in the synthesis of a previously unidentified 14C-labeled metabolite and was called the unknown factor. Production of the unknown factor was not inhibited by indomethacin and decreased by lipoxygenase inhibitors. Production of the unknown factor and arachidonic acid-induced relaxations were dependent on an intact endothelium, indicating that the cellular source of the unknown relaxant factor was the endothelial cell. This was confirmed by demonstrating the ability of cultured rabbit aortic endothelial cells to produce the unknown factor from [14C]arachidonic acid. Feeding rabbits a 2% cholesterol diet for 2 wk induced hypercholesterolemia without causing atherosclerosis. In the cholesterol-fed rabbits, indomethacin enhanced arachidonic acid-induced relaxations in norepinephrine-precontracted aortas (maximal relaxation 49.0 +/- 2.5 vs. 35.5 +/- 1.7%, cholesterol-fed vs. normal) and increased production of the unknown factor compared with normal rabbits. The partially purified unknown factor elicited an approximately 26% inhibition of the vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine in intact rabbit aorta. Further purification of the unknown factor by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography system resulted in isolation of a radioactive product that relaxed precontracted rabbit aorta. Therefore these data suggest that in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbit aorta the endothelium produces an unknown metabolite of arachidonic acid that causes vasorelaxation and may regulate vascular tone.
A new model of first-order magnetocaloric materials with experimental validation

Abstract The use of new mathematical models to represent first-order magnetocaloric materials is reported. Three mathematical models with differing strengths and weaknesses are assessed. The material models are implemented in a numerical model to predict the cyclical performance of a magnetocaloric regenerator. Predictions using both measured and modeled material are compared. A prototype is used to confirm the predictions of the model as well as confirm performance trends related to the variables being investigated. The numerical model with measured and mathematically represented materials shows good correlation to experimental tests. The result is a new and useful method of representing magnetocaloric materials that can accurately predict results over a range of cyclical parameters.