cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of Androgen Receptors in Brain Cytosol from Normal and Testicular Feminized (Tfm/y♀) Mice*

Our previous results had shown that brain cytosol from androgen-insensitive, testicular feminized (Tfm/y) mice contains a reduced amount (20-25%) of androgen receptors, compared to normal female or castrated male mice, with unchanged affinity for dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We have now used various physicochemical techniques to ask whether there is a qualitative difference between these residual receptors and those in normal brain. When androgen receptors labeled with [3H]DHT in concentrated crude brain cytosol were analyzed by density gradient centrifugation and Agarose gel filtration in buffers containing 0.4-0.5 M KCl, Tfm/y receptors appeared to be smaller and more symmetrical than those from their normal siblings; however, if wild-type receptors were partially purified or prepared from slightly more dilute homogenates, their properties approached those of Tfm/y receptors in crude cytosol. This suggested that receptor molecules in concentrated cytosol from normal mice were aggregated to a greater extent than were those from the mutant. The molecular weight (54,000) and axial ratio (3:1 for prolate or oblate ellipsoid) calculated for Tfm/y receptors, therefore, may provide estimates for normal receptors as well. By DNA-cellulose chromatography, Tfm/y and female cytosol receptors were both resolved into two components, eluting at about 0.13-0.15 and 0.22-0.24 M NaCl. On DEAE-cellulose columns, both were eluted as a single major species at approximately 0.08-0.10 M KCl. Thus, excluding their state of aggregation, presumably resulting from their different concentrations in crude cytosol, Tfm/y and normal receptors were substantially identical as concerns the physical parameters examined in this study.
Anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of topical MAPK inhibition in arterialized vein grafts.

SPECIFIC AIMSWe tested the hypothesis that incubating veins with the synthetic inhibitor of ERK-1/2 activation UO126 prior to grafting into the arterial circulation effectively blocks arterializati...
Anxiety perseverance in intergroup interaction: When incidental explanations backfire.

Intergroup interactions are often anxiety provoking, and this can lead members of both majority and minority groups to avoid contact. Whereas negative consequences of experiencing intergroup anxiety are well documented, the role of perceived anxiety has received substantially less theoretical and empirical attention. We demonstrate in 3 experiments that the perception of anxiety in others can undermine intergroup interactions even when the anxiety can be attributed to a source that is unrelated to the interaction. Participants who learned that a cross-race partner�s anxiety could be attributed to an upcoming evaluation (Study 1) or a stimulant (i.e., caffeine, Studies 2 and 3) expressed less interest in continuing an interaction (Studies 1 and 2), showed less self-disclosure (Study 2), and increased physical distance between themselves and their partner (Study 3) than did those given no source information and participants who interacted with a same-race partner. Moreover, compared to control participants, perceivers who were given an incidental explanation for their partner�s anxiety perceived outgroup, but not ingroup, partners as more anxious (Studies 1 and 3) and showed heightened accessibility of anxiety words (Study 3), indicating that incidental source information enhanced accessibility of intergroup (but not intragroup) anxiety at early stages of information processing. Theoretical and practical implications for combating paradoxical effects of perceived anxiety in intergroup interactions are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
The Normative Case Study1

The case study is one of the major research strategies in contemporary social science. Although most discussions of case study research presume that cases contribute to explanatory theory, this article draws from recent literature about ethical reasoning to argue that case studies can also contribute to normative theory—to theories about the ideals we should pursue and the obligations we should accept. This conclusion suggests that contrary to some views (notably Max Weber’s) social science has a vital role to play in the prescriptive study of values, particularly so‐called “thick ethical concepts” like “leadership,” “courage,” and “neighborhood vitality.”
Primal-dual nonlinear rescaling method with dynamic scaling parameter update

In this paper we developed a general primal-dual nonlinear rescaling method with dynamic scaling parameter update (PDNRD) for convex optimization. We proved the global convergence, established 1.5-Q-superlinear rate of convergence under the standard second order optimality conditions. The PDNRD was numerically implemented and tested on a number of nonlinear problems from COPS and CUTE sets. We present numerical results, which strongly corroborate the theory.
Where are the parasites in food webs

This review explores some of the reasons why food webs seem to contain relatively few parasite species when compared to the full diversity of free living species in the system. At present, there are few coherent food web theories to guide scientific studies on parasites, and this review posits that the methods, directions and questions in the field of food web ecology are not always congruent with parasitological inquiry. For example, topological analysis (the primary tool in food web studies) focuses on only one of six important steps in trematode life cycles, each of which requires a stable community dynamic to evolve. In addition, these transmission strategies may also utilize pathways within the food web that are not considered in traditional food web investigations. It is asserted that more effort must be focused on parasite-centric models, and a central theme is that many different approaches will be required. One promising approach is the old energetic perspective, which considers energy as the critical resource for all organisms, and the currency of all food web interactions. From the parasitological point of view, energy can be used to characterize the roles of parasites at all levels in the food web, from individuals to populations to community. The literature on parasite energetics in food webs is very sparse, but the evidence suggests that parasite species richness is low in food webs because parasites are limited by the quantity of energy available to their unique lifestyles.
SecureBus: towards application-transparent trusted computing with mandatory access control

The increasing number of software-based attacks has attracted substantial efforts to prevent applications from malicious interference. For example, Trusted Computing (TC) technologies have been recently proposed to provide strong isolation on application platforms. On the other hand, today pervasively available computing cycles and data resources have enabled various distributed applications that require collaboration among different application processes. These two conflicting trends grow in parallel. While much existing research focuses on one of these two aspects, a few authors have considered simultaneously providing strong isolation as well as collaboration convenience, particularly in the TC environment. However, none of these schemes is transparent. That is, they require modifications either of legacy applications or the underlying Operating System (OS).In this paper, we propose the SecureBus (SB) architecture, aiming to provide strong isolation and flexible controlled information flow and communication between processes at runtime. Since SB is application and OS transparent, existing applications can run without changes to commodity OS's. Furthermore, SB enables the enforcement of general access control policies, which is required but difficult to achieve for typical legacy applications. To study its feasibility and performance overhead, we have implemented a prototype system based on User-Mode Linux. Our experimental results show that SB can effectively achieve its design goals.
Fully automated, sequential tilt-series acquisition with Leginon

Electron tomography has become a uniquely powerful tool for investigating the structures of individual cells, viruses, and macromolecules. Data collection is, however, time consuming and requires expensive instruments. To optimize productivity, we have incorporated one of the existing tilt-series acquisition programs, UCSF Tomo, into the well-developed automatic electron microscopy data collection package Leginon to enable fully automatic, sequential tilt-series acquisition. Here we describe how UCSF Tomo was integrated into Leginon, what users must do to set up a data collection session, how the automatic collection proceeds, how archived data about the process can be accessed and used, and how the software has been tested.
Sex differences in circumstances and consequences of outdoor and indoor falls in older adults in the MOBILIZE Boston cohort study

Background: Despite extensive research on risk factors associated with falling in older adults, and current fall prevention interventions focusing on modifiable risk factors, there is a lack of detailed accounts of sex differences in risk factors, circumstances and consequences of falls in the literature. We examined the circumstances, consequences and resulting injuries of indoor and outdoor falls according to sex in a population study of older adults. Methods: Men and women 65 years and older (N=743) were followed for fall events from the Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston prospective cohort study. Baseline measurements were collected by comprehensive clinical assessments, home visits and questionnaires. During the follow-up (median=2.9 years), participants recorded daily fall occurrences on a monthly calendar, and fall circumstances were determined by a telephone interview. Falls were categorized by activity and place of falling. Circumstance-specific annualized fall rates were calculated and compared between men and women using negative binomial regression models. Results: Women had lower rates of outdoor falls overall (Crude Rate Ratio (RR): 0.72, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.56-0.92), in locations of recreation (RR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17-0.70), during vigorous activity (RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18-0.81) and on snowy or icy surfaces (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.86) compared to men. Women and men did not differ significantly in their rates of falls outdoors on sidewalks, streets, and curbs, and during walking. Compared to men, women had greater fall rates in the kitchen (RR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.04-3.40) and while performing household activities (RR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.50-8.98). The injurious outdoor fall rates were equivalent in both sexes. Women’s overall rate of injurious indoor falls was nearly twice that of men’s (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.44-2.72), especially in the kitchen (RR: 6.83, 95% CI: 2.05-22.79), their own home (RR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.30-2.59) and another residential home (RR: 4.65, 95% CI: 1.05-20.66) or other buildings (RR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.18-4.44). Conclusions: Significant sex differences exist in the circumstances and injury potential when older adults fall indoors and outdoors, highlighting a need for focused prevention strategies for men and women.
Oral manifestations of drug abuse.

(1987). Oral Manifestations of Drug Abuse. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 375-377.
Mean and standard deviation for the facilities design problem

Abstract An important problem in facilities design to find an assignment of n facilities to n locations so that total materials handling cost is minimized. For problems of moderate size, suboptimal solutions must be accepted since optimal algorithms are computationally infeasible. If the mean and standard deviation of the layout cost distribution is known, then statistical methods may be used to measure and compare the efficiencies of various suboptimal solutions as well as to monitor the efficiency of the same assignment under changing production environments. In this paper a new, simple algorithm to calculate the exact value of the standard deviation of the layout cost distribution is presented (the mean is easy). This algorithm has a computational efficiency of O ( n 2 ) arithmetic operations for a problem of size n × n , an improvement over previous methods which are either inexact or have a computational efficiency of O ( n 4 ). Results of tests verifying the accuracy and claimed efficiency of this algorithm, as implemented on a microcomputer, are also presented (about 0.85 second for a 30 × 30 problem).
Temporal Adaptation and Performance of Daily Living Activities in Persons with Alzheimer's Disease

The purpose of this study was lo investigate the relationships between temporal adaptation and functional capacity in persons with Alzheimer's Disease. The relationships were examined through the a...
Long-Lasting Neural and Behavioral Effects of Iron Deficiency in Infancy

Infants are at high risk for iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. This review summarizes evidence of long-term effects of iron deficiency in infancy. Follow-up studies from preschool age to adolescence report poorer cognitive, motor, and social-emotional function, as well as persisting neurophysiologic differences. Research in animal models points to mechanisms for such long-lasting effects. Potential mechanisms relate to effects of iron deficiency during brain development on neurometabolism, myelination, and neurotransmitter function.
Comment on Morgenthau's “Dilemmas of Freedom”.

Hans J. Morgenthau's "The Dilemmas of Freedom" is an extremely able, concise, and forthright treatment of a problem of grave importance, and a defense of a point of view which I deeply respect, but concerning which I have serious doubts. I suppose that the differences between us could be summarized in this way: Morgenthau suggests that the solutions to the dilemmas of freedom which he finds, are available and explicable largely in a kind of formalism. He follows, in that, the great tradition of the Federalist, which he quotes. I believe it is difficult today to understand these solutions in formal terms, and I believe the difficulty is enhanced by Morgenthau's own conception of what freedom is.
An Experimental Analysis of Railroad Spike Maul Methods

This study investigated differences in railroad spike maul methods between experienced track workers and novice subjects. Differences were analyzed by developing a quantitative measure of the orientation of the spike maul path during spiking. The relationship between spiking motion pattern and spiking performance in both novice and experienced subjects was also investigated. Subjects were videotaped while using a spike maul on an instrumented spike force measuring system. Analysis of videotapes and performance measures revealed significant differences in motion patterns and performance between novice and experienced subjects. It was concluded from analysis of spike maul motion patterns that experienced track workers had developed a more efficient ballistic technique than had novices. This technique was evidenced by positioning of the maul close to the body's center of gravity, flexing the elbows, and using wrist motion on the downswing.
Counselling smokers in Medicaid maternity care: the SCRIPT project.

This presentation focuses on what we know now about the effectiveness of different methods of smoking cessation that have been used for pregnant smokers. Windsor et al published a meta-evaluation of the completed evaluation studies for pregnant smokers.1 This methodological review examined 31 quasi-experimental and experimental studies. It was designed to derive insight about the validity of the different studies, but more importantly, the variety of different patient education methods evaluated. This insight, combined with the Agency for Healthcare Policy and Research Guideline,2 was used to develop …
Eocene mammal faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan

Abstract We present a summary of the Eocene mammal faunas of Indo-Pakistan based on study of the known faunas and new collections. New taxa described here are the carpolestid Parvocristes oligocollis, the plesiadapid Jattadectes mamikheli (both new families for the subcontinent), the hyaenodontid Paratritemnodon jandewalensis, the arctocyonid Karakia longidens, the raoellid Khirtharia aurea, and the helaletid Jhagirilophus chorgalensis. Based on the faunal evidence and considering the geological setting, we also evaluate the uniformity of the Eocene faunas from northern Indo-Pakistan. Tentatively, we propose that three chronologically distinct faunas occur in Northern Indo-Pakistan. These are, from oldest to youngest, (1) the Banda Daud Shah Fauna, (2) the Ganda Kas Fauna, and (3) the Kalakot Fauna. Although there are broad similarities between these faunas and Eocene faunas of the Northern Hemisphere, the Indian subcontinent retained a highly distinctive fauna in that period.
Catholic Teaching, Catholic Values, and Catholic Voters: Reflections on Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship

This essay introduces the Journal of Catholic Legal Studies' Symposium on the United States Bishops pastoral letter Forming Consciences for Faithful Citizenship: A Call to Political Responsibility from the United States Catholic Bishops. The essay first summarizes the letter, focusing on the bishops' nuanced and pragmatic approach to voting and their refusal to provide Catholic voters with "easy answers." The essay then introduces the Symposium's six articles. Given the rich tradition of Catholic social thought and the complexity of our current political challenges, it is not surprising that the authors' reactions to Forming Consciences are quite diverse. In the end, however, all six articles share a common goal: to further the "faith-based conversation" that informs and enriches Catholic participation in the political life of our nation.
Spinal NMDA receptor involvement in expansion of dorsal horn neuronal receptive field area produced by intracutaneous histamine.

Jinks, Steven L. and E. Carstens. Spinal NMDA receptor involvement in expansion of dorsal horn neuronal receptive field area produced by intracutaneous histamine. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1613–1618, 19...
GABAergic and enkephalinergic regulation of locomotion in the ventral pallidum: involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine system.

It is well established that the mesolimbic dopamine projection from the AlO dopamine region in the ventromedial mesencephalon to the nucleus accumbens is important in mediating spontaneous and psychostimulant — induced locomotion (Fink and Smith, 1980; Koob et al., 1981; Clarke et al., 1988). The nucleus accumbens has a dense projection to the ventral pallidum (Nauta et al., 1978; Mogenson et al., 1983; Heimer et al., 1987; Churchill et al., 1990) which utilizes both GABA and enkephalin as neurotransmitters (Walaas and Fonnum, 1979; Zahm et al., 1985). Modulation of this projection to the ventral pallidum by dopamine in the nucleus accumbens mediates dopamine-dependent locomotion. Thus, locomotion elicited by stimulation of dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens is abolished following a lesion of the ventral pallidum (Swerdlow et al., 1984a). A role for GABA transmission in the accumbens-ventral pallidal pathway has been shown by the observation that stimulation of GABAa receptors in the ventral pallidum blocks motor activity produced by dopamine agonist injection into the nucleus accumbens (Jones and Mogenson, 1980; Mogenson and Nielsen, 1983; Swerdlow et al., 1984b; Austin and Kalivas, 1988). More recently, it was found that locomotion elicited by microinjection of other neurotransmitter agonists or antagonists into the nucleus accumbens, including a mu opioid agonist, GABAa antagonist, nicotinic agonist and glutamate agonist, is also blocked by muscimol injection into the ventral pallidum (Austin and Kalivas, 1989; Shreve and Uretsky, 1988). Therefore, it appears that locomotion elicited pharmacologically from the nucleus accumbens involves modulation of a GABAergic projection to the ventral pallidum, regardless of the neurochemical stimulus.
Prevention of pulmonary insufficiency through prophylactic use of PEEP and rapid respiratory rates.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of prophylactic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) rapid respiratory rates (RRR), and high tidal volume (HTV) in prevention of congestive atelectasis. Measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics, mechanics, gas exchange, functional residual capacity (FRC), pathology, and cinemicroscopy were performed in 45 anesthetized dogs subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension. Randomly, the animals received control ventilation, HTV (20 ml. per kilogram), RRR (32 breaths per minute), or PEEP (5 cm. of water). Carbon dioxide was added as needed to maintain normocapnia. Control and HTV animals showed characteristic changes of congestive atelectasis (capillary congestion, stasis, interstitial edema, periarterial hemorrhage, alveolar edema, and hemorrhage). These microscopic and cinemicroscopic changes were prevented by PEEP and RRR and correlated with decreased physiological shunting (PEEP 10 percent, RRR 13 percent, HTV 22 percent; p
Molecular subtyping of prostate cancer.

Purpose of reviewThe recent publication of The Cancer Genome Atlas molecular taxonomy of primary prostate cancer highlights the increased understanding of the genomic basis of human prostate cancer, but also emphasizes the complexity and heterogeneity of prostate cancer.Recent findingsSeven molecula
Ultrasonic Monitoring of Polymer Properties from the Melt to the Solid State: Influence of Chemical/Structural Details

An ultrasonic technique is described for the simultaneous measurement of specific volume, V, sound velocity, v, and attenuation, a, at frequencies between f = 0.5 and f = 15 MHz, in a wide range of temperature (- 150 to + 400°C) and pressure (up to 2 kbars). The results (V,v,a) are translated into a complex modulus, M* = M’ + iM” and analyzed in terms of the thermodynamic state of the material. Typical results for amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers are presented which show that the technique is a probe of the fundamental features of these materials (glass transition, crystallization, melting, molecular structure) which determine processability and end use properties. The method should prove of great interest for quality and process control.
Human Immunoglobulin Class G (IgG) Antibody Detection With Photonic Crystal Fiber

Dye-free antibodies were identified in a less than 5-nL volume with a solid-core photonic crystal fiber (SC-PCF). The all-silica fiber contained micrometer-sized features with a 3- ${\mathbf {\mu }}$ m diameter core supported by a steering wheel-shaped lattice. These structures can be employed to monitor the presence of immunobased assays and susceptible secondary antigens specific to the detection application. A 0.8-m section of SC-PCF was filled with a 4.47-nL antibody sample and a LED light source in the 1300 $\text{-}$ 1700 nm range was employed. Although similar sensing configurations exist, the novelty of this investigation is the detection of this particular antibody. This experiment uniquely investigates the spectral characteristics of purified human immunoglobulin class G (IgG) (format-UNLB) in aqueous media. The absorption spectra for the monoclonal antibodies were collected with a conventional optical spectrum analyzer. The antibody solution exhibited two distinct absorption peaks, a water-linked absorption peak between 1400 and 1470 nm, with a maximum absorption power of 1.65 nW, and an antibody-linked absorption peak between 1485 and 1590 nm, with a maximum absorption power of 3.2 nW.
A Special Birational Cubic Transformation Between Two 3-Spaces in 4-Space

(1930). A Special Birational Cubic Transformation Between Two 3-Spaces in 4-Space. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 299-300.
Who is Afraid of Epistemology’s Regress Problem?

What follows is a taxonomy of arguments that regresses of inferential justification are vicious. They fall out into four general classes: (A) conceptual arguments from incompleteness, (B) conceptual arguments from arbitrariness, (C) ought-implies-can arguments from human quantitative incapacities, and (D) ought-implies can arguments from human qualitative incapacities. They fail with a developed theory of “infinitism” consistent with valuational pluralism and modest epistemic foundationalism.
Implementation of the medication technician concept

The implementation of a pharmacy-controlled medication technician program is discussed. Qualified candidates are selected and trained to administer medications to patients under the supervision of a pharmacist. A centralized unit dose drug distribution system is employed. The responsibilities of the technicians and the pharmacists are presented.
The Background for Data Mining Practice

Analytical methodology was developed in the context of prevailing statistical and analytical theory. The history of statistical theory behind the development of various statistical techniques bears strongly on the ability of the technique to serve the tasks of a data mining project. Analysis proceeds based on the concept of conditional probability: the probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. Bayesian analysis begins with the quantification of the investigator's existing state of knowledge, beliefs, and assumptions. Bayesian approaches to inference testing could lead to widely different conclusions by different medical investigators because they used different sets of subjective priors. Mathematical research continued dominantly along Fisherian statistical lines by developing nonlinear versions of parametric methods. Multiple curvilinear regression was one of the earliest approaches for accounting for nonlinearity in continuous data distributions. Many nonlinear problems involve discrete rather than continuous distributions. This chapter presents a practical approach to building cost-effective data mining models aimed at increasing company profitability, using tutorials, and demo versions of common data mining tools.
Unemployment: Unem.xls

The outstanding faults of the economic society in which we live are its failure to provide for full employment and its arbitrary and inequitable distribution of wealth and incomes. – John Maynard Keynes Quick Summary To access Unem.xls , visit http://www.depauw.edu/learn/macroexcel/excelworkbooks/Data/Unem.xls. Unem.xls explains how to use the FRED Excel add-in to access labor market data. The focus is on understanding basic concepts (such as the unemployment rate and the labor force participation rate) and becoming aware of a few labor market facts, including the current state of the economy. Additional topics include seasonal adjustment, sampling, and a simple job search model. Screencasts • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/unemintro: download data on the unemployment rate and plot it (with recession bars); other variables are downloaded and basic definitions are illustrated with the data • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/unemgroups: download unemployment data on various subgroups and illustrate that the impact of unemployment on particular categories of people is extremely variable • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/unemseasonaladj: Excel's PivotTable tool is used to find the monthly average in seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted unemployment rates to show the seasonal pattern in the data • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/unemlfpr: download data on the labor force participation rate and show the striking difference in men's and women's LFPR since World War II • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/unemsampling: explains the idea of sampling variability by sampling from a hypothetical population in Excel and using simulation to show the results from many samples • http://vimeo.com/econexcel/unemsearch: implements and solves a fixed sample search model with Monte Carlo simulation Introduction FRED provides access to data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which is the source of labor market measures such as unemployment and labor force participation rates. It also includes international measures of unemployment rates, harmonized for equivalent definitions of job search, from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Although not covered here, FRED also serves up data from Current Employment Statistics (CES, which is also known as the establishment survey) and the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). Thus, the FRED Excel add-in offers easily available, timely information on a wide variety of labor market indicators. Definitions of variables and details on household surveys are left to textbooks and lecture notes. The Intro sheet contains a minimal review, including a layout of the framework used to organize various states of labor market activity and a few basic definitions.
Alternative Evaluative Concepts to the Trinity of Bible Translation

Three translation evaluative concepts that emanate from an equivalence paradigm—accuracy, naturalness, and clarity—are critiqued in a context of Bible translation. Alternative criteria are proposed that are inspired by a proposed paradigm of hospitality: carefulness, authenticity, and transparency. This alternative triad is not only more defendable from a Translation Studies perspective but also offers sufficient space to consider translation beyond print for various media—specifically biblical performance translation. Crucial to this new metaphor is the agency of translators as they shape creatively their work for their audiences rather than mechanistically attempt to match a modern text to antiquity. Decades of research from performance translation in one particular community in central Africa inform the theory while demonstrating the practicalities involved in such an approach.
Fast transient thermal and power dissipation modeling for multi-chip power modules: A preliminary assessment of different electro-thermal evaluation methods

Increasing power density of high-switching frequency power modules presents a heat transfer challenge that left unaddressed can cause module failure. The first step in addressing this challenge is to estimate the maximum temperature that is observed in the module. PowerSynth, a multi-chip power module layout synthesis tool, utilizes a fast thermal model to quickly determine the steady-state maximum temperature of a power module when provided with average power dissipation. This work augments the steady-state approach in PowerSynth with a transient thermal model where temperature and power dissipation are calculated iteratively. This addition accounts for the changes in transistor parameters as a function of temperature, such as the on-state resistance, resulting in more accurate estimation of the steady-state temperature.
Action Unit Detection with Region Adaptation, Multi-labeling Learning and Optimal Temporal Fusing

Action Unit (AU) detection becomes essential for facial analysis. Many proposed approaches face challenging problems in dealing with the alignments of different face regions, in the effective fusion of temporal information, and in training a model for multiple AU labels. To better address these problems, we propose a deep learning framework for AU detection with region of interest (ROI) adaptation, integrated multi-label learning, and optimal LSTM-based temporal fusing. First, an ROI cropping net is designed to make sure specific interested regions of faces are learned independently, each sub-region has a local convolutional neural network (CNN) whose convolutional filters will only be trained for the corresponding region. Second, multi-label learning is employed to integrate the outputs of those individual ROI cropping nets, which learns the inter-relationships of various AUs and acquires global features across sub-regions for AU detection. Finally, the optimal selection of multiple LSTM layers are carried out to best fuse temporal features, in order to make the AU prediction the most accurate. The proposed approach is evaluated on two popular AU detection datasets, BP4D and DISFA, outperforming the state of the art significantly, with an average improvement of around 13% in BP4D and 25% in DISFA, respectively.
WFIRST coronagraph optical modeling

End-to-end numerical optical modeling of the WFIRST coronagraph incorporating wavefront sensing and control is used to determine the performance of the coronagraph with realistic errors, including pointing jitter and polarization. We present the performance estimates of the current flight designs as predicted by modeling. We also describe the release of a new version of the PROPER optical propagation library, our primary modeling tool, which is now available for Python and Matlab in addition to IDL.
Plastic deformation in the rolling process

The distribution of principal strains within a bar after a 20 pct rolling reduction was determined by radiographing a lead grid imbedded in a cast tin bar. Axial and vertical principal strains of about the same magnitude and direction as those reported by others at the surface of a bar were observed in the interior. The lateral principal strain, however, changed from tension at the center of the bar to compression midway between the center and the outside in a section perpendicular to the roll axis.
From Sacrifice to the Slaughterhouse

AbstractThis essay uses a focus on meat and animals to illumine ancient and modern discourses about sacrifice and “civilization.” It suggests that attention to recent research on meat-production and the “sociology of the slaughterhouse” might open new perspectives on the range of ways in which the sanctified ritual slaughter of animals has been understood by its proponents, critics, and theorists—both ancient and modern. It begins by historicizing the rise of modern scholarly interest in animal sacrifice, with reference to dramatic shifts in the production and consumption of meat in modern European societies. Then, it looks to the Vedas and the Torah/Pentateuch to reflect upon the place of meat and animals in two of the best documented of ancient sacrificial systems. Lastly, it considers some trajectories in their Nachleben with an eye to the value and limits of dominant narratives about the cessation, interiorization, or spiritualization of sacrifice.
The Impact of Visualization Dashboards on Quality of Care and Clinician Satisfaction: Integrative Literature Review

Background: Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in the United States admit more than 5.7 million people each year. The ICU level of care helps people with life-threatening illness or injuries and involves close, constant attention by a team of specially-trained health care providers. Delay between condition onset and implementation of necessary interventions can dramatically impact the prognosis of patients with life-threatening diagnoses. Evidence supports a connection between information overload and medical errors. A tool that improves display and retrieval of key clinical information has great potential to benefit patient outcomes. The purpose of this review is to synthesize research on the use of visualization dashboards in health care. Objective: The purpose of conducting this literature review is to synthesize previous research on the use of dashboards visualizing electronic health record information for health care providers. A review of the existing literature on this subject can be used to identify gaps in prior research and to inform further research efforts on this topic. Ultimately, this evidence can be used to guide the development, testing, and implementation of a new solution to optimize the visualization of clinical information, reduce clinician cognitive overload, and improve patient outcomes. Methods: Articles were included if they addressed the development, testing, implementation, or use of a visualization dashboard solution in a health care setting. An initial search was conducted of literature on dashboards only in the intensive care unit setting, but there were not many articles found that met the inclusion criteria. A secondary follow-up search was conducted to broaden the results to any health care setting. The initial and follow-up searches returned a total of 17 articles that were analyzed for this literature review. Results: Visualization dashboard solutions decrease time spent on data gathering, difficulty of data gathering process, cognitive load, time to task completion, errors, and improve situation awareness, compliance with evidence-based safety guidelines, usability, and navigation. Conclusions: Researchers can build on the findings, strengths, and limitations of the work identified in this literature review to bolster development, testing, and implementation of novel visualization dashboard solutions. Due to the relatively few studies conducted in this area, there is plenty of room for researchers to test their solutions and add significantly to the field of knowledge on this subject. [JMIR Hum Factors 2018;5(2):e22]
Performance-based multi-hazard topology optimization of wind and seismically excited structural systems

Abstract The integration of topology optimization procedures into modern structural design frameworks is gaining interest as an innovative approach for achieving more efficient designs. To this end, probabilistic performance-based topology optimization frameworks have recently been proposed for the identification of optimal structural systems subject to extreme wind or seismic events considered in isolation. However, there are large geographic regions that are subject to both wind and seismic hazards. Therefore, the development of methods that can ensure that target performance metrics are met within a multi-hazard setting is a crucial step towards improving the reliability of structural systems. This paper is focused on proposing a simulation-centered performance-based topology optimization framework for the identification of optimal structural systems for multi-hazard wind and seismic environments. A probabilistic performance assessment framework is firstly proposed based on synergistically describing the performance of wind or seismically excited systems. Based on this framework, a multi-hazard topology optimization strategy is proposed. In particular, the methodology is centered on the definition of an approximate optimization sub-problem that not only decouples the simulation-based performance assessment from the optimization loop, but also transforms the dynamic and uncertain optimization problem into an explicit static and deterministic problem therefore enabling its efficient resolution using any gradient-based optimizer. Optimal lateral load resisting systems that rigorously meet the probabilistic performance constraints set within the multi-hazard environment are therefore identified. A case study is presented demonstrating the potential of the proposed framework.
Gastroschisis: can antenatal ultrasound predict infant outcomes?

Objective To test previously proposed but unproven antenatal ultrasound prognostic criteria in fetal gastroschisis. Methods Thirty consecutive gastroschisis-affected pregnancies and their outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Data were tabulated by review of antenatal ultrasound videotapes, with blinded comparison to indicators of short- and long-term infant outcomes obtained from the medical records. Criteria of previous reports were applied to these data, focusing on their ability to prognosticate effectively. Results Applying a criterion of 10 mm bowel dilatation proved minimally useful in prognosticating infant outcomes. However, a stricter 17-mm criterion for clinically important bowel dilatation provided prognostic information, with remarkable improvement in specificity (75 versus 37%) and positive predictive value (55 versus 37%) for infant morbidity, with comparatively little loss of sensitivity (71 versus 85%). Conclusions Bowel dilated more than 17 mm on antenatal ultrasound appears to be associated with increased short- and long-term infant morbidity. Whether this finding warrants obstetric intervention in the preterm gastroschisis-affected pregnancy with substantial bowel dilatation remains to be determined.
Brain Injury and Theories of Recovery

Clinical neurologists have long known that some recovery of function after damage to the brain and spinal cord is possible, but the specific mechanisms mediating the process are still not completely understood. Part of the difficulty in defining the mechanisms of functional recovery stems from the fact that there may be multiple pathways leading to recovery. This is because brain and spinal cord injuries at the cellular and morphological level are not the result of a single causative event. Rather, they derive from an initial and relatively rapid biochemical cascade that then produces secondary cellular events leading to further destruction of nerve tissue. Many of the destructive events such as the breakdown of the blood—brain barrier, the excessive release of glutamate and other excitatory amino acids, dramatic changes in the levels of neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and norepinephrine, the production of oxygen free radicals, the release of arachidonic acid, lipid membrane peroxidation, and so forth are at the heart of much of the current research being conducted in university laboratories and pharmaceutical companies.
Temporal Profile of Transporter mRNA Expression in the Brain after Traumatic Brain Injury in Developing Rats

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in children and young adults; however, new pharmacologic approaches have failed to improve outcomes in clinical trials. Transporter proteins are central to the maintenance of homeostasis within the neurovascular unit, and regulate drug penetration into the brain. Our objective was to measure transporter temporal changes in expression in the hippocampus and cortex after experimental TBI in developing rats. We also evaluated the expression of transporters in brain, liver, and kidney across the age spectrum in both pediatric and adult rats. Eighty post-natal day (PND)-17 rats and four adult rats were randomized to receive controlled cortical impact (CCI), sham surgery, or no surgery. mRNA transcript counts for 27 ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier transporters were measured in the hippocampus, cortex, choroid plexus, liver, and kidney at 3h, 12h, 24h, 72h, 7d, and 14d post injury. After TBI, the expression of many transporters (Abcc2, Slc15a2, Slco1a2) decreased significantly in the first 24 hours, with a return to baseline over 7-14 days. Some transporters (Abcc4, Abab1a/b, Slc22a4) showed a delayed increase in expression. Baseline expression of transporters was of a similar order of magnitude in brain tissues relative to liver and kidney. Findings suggest that transporter-regulated processes may be impaired in the brain early after TBI and are potentially involved in the recovery of the neurovascular unit. Our data also suggest that transport-dependent processes in the brain are of similar importance as those seen in organs involved in drug metabolism and excretion. Significance Statement Baseline transporter mRNA expression in the central nervous system is of similar magnitude as liver and kidney, and experimental traumatic brain injury is associated with acute decrease in expression of several transporters, while others show delayed increase or decrease in expression. Pharmacotherapy following traumatic brain injury should consider potential pharmacokinetic changes associated with transporter expression.
Analyzing factors enabling colorectal cancer screening adherence in Korean Americans using the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization

AbstractPurpose/objectives: Korean Americans (KAs) report suboptimal colorectal cancer (CRC) screening adherence. This study investigated factors that enable KAs to adhere to CRC screening guidelin...
Collegiate athletes' perceptions of the culture of concussion reporting.

OBJECTIVE The current study was designed to understand the culture of concussion among college student-athletes. Participants: Eight men's lacrosse and seven women's soccer players. Methods: A focus group was conducted to understand thoughts, barriers, team culture, and what was needed to feel safe reporting symptoms. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes. Results: Themes included concerns about being taken out, pushing through, wanting to play, severity influencing reporting, changes about concussion reporting, uncertainty about symptoms, concussion have changed the game, reporting a teammate, wanting someone else to make the call, desire to raise awareness, deception, wanting professors to have more understanding, circumstances influencing reporting, helmets specific for concussion, malingering, and the return to play protocol being too long. Conclusion: Factors ranging from intrinsic to more distal cultural and environmental factors appear to influence reporting concussions. Student-athletes identified factors unique to the college athlete environment.
A novel longitudinal interprofessional ambulatory training practice: the improving patient access care and cost through training (IMPACcT) clinic.

Few graduating health professionals choose primary care. Trainees satisfied with continuity ambulatory experiences are more likely to pursue primary care. The authors developed a longitudinal inter...
Floristic Period (1876–1906)

The Challenger expedition was a major scientific undertaking that lasted from 1872 to 1876, stopping on Robinson Crusoe Island from 13–15 November 1875. The botanist, Henry Moseley, collected 105 different species of plants, and these were given to William Hemsley, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, who published results in 1884. Hemsley’s report was the most detailed inventory of the plants of the island up to that time. Chile became interested in development of San Juan Bautista and rented the island to enthusiastic individuals, none of whom succeeded economically, but the best effort was made by Alfred Von Rodt from Switzerland and Austria. Other visitors commented on the abundant fruit trees, and domesticated and feral animals. There was great interest in development of the fishing and lobster industries. Federico Johow visited the Juan Fernandez Archipelago in 1891 and 1892. Borne in Prussia and educated in Germany, he came to Chile in 1889. He completed a survey of the islands for the government in which he made numerous collections, photographs, and analyses of the flora. This provided an excellent detailed overview of the native plants and vegetation plus analyses of introduced plants, biogeography, and evolutionary tendencies in the flora.
Fetal and Neonatal Heart Size Correlation by Ultrasonic Imaging

Fetal heart movements have been demonstrated in the past by using the Doppler principle. Bang and Holm described the method for determining fetal heart movements by means of pulsating ultrasonics utilizing A-and B-mode scanning. The introduction of real-time ultrasonic scanning has now enabled visualization of the fetal heart.