cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seduction on the Waterfront: German Merchant Sailors, Masculinity and the ‘Brücke zu Heimat’ in New York and Buenos Aires, 1884–1914*

Between its inception in 1884/85 and the outbreak of world war in 1914, the Protestant Deutsche Seemannsmission problematized masculinity and national belonging among German merchant mariners. Sailors’ missionaries and their supporters aimed to refashion dissolute mariners into reliable German men by exporting the nation overseas along a ‘Brucke zu Heimat’. In doing so, they created a global network of missionary stations, focused above all on port cities involved in the busy Atlantic trade. Understanding mariners as Germany's ‘prodigal sons’, they built sailors’ homes, in which they hoped to counteract the ‘seductions’ of the foreign port city and reconcile sailors to family and fatherland. This image of masculinity resonated with state officials, shipping firms and a broader German public who were concerned about the rise of maritime labour unrest during the 1890s and its potentially detrimental impact on German expansion in world trade and politics. This article examines how gender, particularly conceptions of masculinity, shaped the rhetoric and practices of the Seemannsmission. It draws upon examples from the missionary stations in New York and Buenos Aires, two of this period's busiest ports for German merchant shipping. The history of the Seemannsmission underlines the production of Heimat culture in a global context. It also reveals a spatial ordering of masculine ideals in Wilhelmine Germany: real men had to be rooted in the nation. Finally, it suggests that gender was a powerful agent in constituting national boundaries in an era of increasing transnational mobility.
UPPER LIMITS TO THE INTENSITY OF BACKGROUND RADIATION AT lambda = 1.32, 0.559, AND 0.359 mm.

From observations of interstellar optical absorption lines of CN, CH, and C${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ we are able to impose upper limits, at three wavelengths, on the intensity of background radiation in the interstellar medium. These limits are consistent with the existence of thermal background radiation at a temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, but can be reconciled with the results of a recent rocket observation by Shivanandan, Houck, and Harwit only if the intense flux which they report is concentrated into a sharp line which happens to avoid the molecular resonances, or if this flux is of local origin.
A high performance Multi Component Carrier with Chip Scale Package

In this paper, we discuss the design of a four (4) chip Multi Component Carrier (MCC) package and feasibility for use in high-end server/mainframe applications. A new class of organic, Chip Scale Package (CSP) and associated design ground rules were created based on a low, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) organic material, in addition to the CSP form factor. Micro Ball Grid Array (BGA) is used to connect the CSP to a daughter card assembly to form the MCC package structure. The low CTE organic substrate significantly reduces the internal stress that arises from the chip to substrate bond and assembly process, which enhances the yield and reliability of the CSP and the entire MCC structure. Numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM) has been conducted to evaluate and optimize the lid design of the MCC package in order to ensure reliable lid to package operation during assembly and field thermal excursions. Thermal and mechanical solutions with various combinations of geometric design are discussed.
Method for single illumination source combined optical coherence tomography and fluorescence imaging of fluorescently labeled ocular structures in transgenic mice.

Abstract In vivo imaging permits longitudinal study of ocular disease processes in the same animal over time. Two different in vivo optical imaging modalities – optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescence – provide important structural and cellular data respectively about disease processes. In this Methods in Eye Research article, we describe and demonstrate the combination of these two modalities producing a truly simultaneous OCT and fluorescence imaging system for imaging of fluorescently labeled animal models. This system uses only a single light source to illuminate both modalities, and both share the same field of view. This allows simultaneous acquisition of OCT and fluorescence images, and the benefits of both techniques are realized without incurring increased costs in variability, light exposure, time, and post-processing effort as would occur when the modalities are used separately. We then utilized this system to demonstrate multi-modal imaging in a progression of samples exhibiting both fluorescence and OCT scattering beginning with resolution targets, ex vivo thy1-YFP labeled neurons in mouse eyes, and finally an in vivo longitudinal time course of GFP labeled myeloid cells in a mouse model of ocular allergy.
A qualitative secondary data analysis of intentional and unintentional medication nonadherence in adults with chronic heart failure

Abstract Objective To explore factors contributing to intentional and unintentional medication nonadherence in adults with chronic heart failure (HF). Background Medication nonadherence is prevalent in HF but the factors contributing to it are not well understood. Methods This secondary data analysis of qualitative data explored narrative accounts about medication adherence from four previous studies (N = 112). The Necessity–Concerns–Framework derived from the Common Sense Model (CSM) of Self-Regulation guided the interpretation of themes. Results In this diverse sample (39% Black, 6% Hispanic, 63% male; mean age 59 ± 15 years), 90% reported at least intermittent nonadherence. For many (60%), missing medication was unintentional but 27% reported intentional nonadherence. Four interconnected patterns of behavior emerged: 1) rarely nonadherent, 2) frequently nonadherent, 3) intentionally nonadherent, and 4) reformed nonadherent. Misperceptions about HF, beliefs, concerns, and contextual factors contributed to both intentional and unintentional nonadherence. Conclusion Medication nonadherence is prevalent in HF and influenced by modifiable factors.
Fitness and its association with fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis.

This study compared physical fitness components between fatigued and non-fatigued persons with MS and examined those components as correlates of fatigue. Sixty-two ambulatory persons with MS completed the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and underwent assessments of cardiorespiratory capacity, lower extremity muscle strength (i.e., peak torque and asymmetry), body composition, and static balance over two different sessions 7 days apart. Participants were allocated into fatigue groups based on MFIS scores (non-fatigued group (i.e., MFIS ≤38), n = 26; and fatigued group (MFIS >38), n = 36). The fatigued group had significantly (P < 0.05) lower cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2peak) and muscular strength (i.e., knee flexion peak torque) than the non-fatigued group. VO2peak and knee extension peak torque were the two physical fitness components significantly correlated with fatigue scores in the fatigued group (P < 0.05), and follow-up stepwise linear regression revealed that VO2peak was a significant predictor of fatigue scores (R2 = 0.13). Discriminant function analysis further identified VO2peak as a significant (P < 0.05) correlate of fatigue status. This model explained 21% of variance in group status (i.e., fatigued vs non-fatigued) and correctly classified approximately 76% of cases into fatigue status groups. The improvement of cardiorespiratory capacity should be considered in rehabilitation programs for persons with MS, especially those presenting with elevated fatigue.
Tensor product based subspace interference alignment for network coding applications

In this paper, we develop an interference alignment framework for multi-source (non-multicast) network coding applications. The framework developed here is based on using a tensor product structure for the network coding matrices at nodes in a network. The framework is presented in this paper in the specific context of exact repair for distributed storage, which is a multi-source network coding application. Using this framework, we generalize previously known MDS codes with optimal exact repair in distributed storage.
The Coupling of Peripheral Blood Pressure and Ventilatory Responses during Exercise in Young Adults with Cystic Fibrosis

PURPOSE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is commonly recognized as a pulmonary disease associated with reduced airway function. Another primary symptom of CF is low exercise capacity where ventilation and gas-exchange are exacerbated. However, an independent link between pathophysiology of the pulmonary system and abnormal ventilatory and gas-exchange responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has not been established in CF. Complicating this understanding, accumulating evidence suggests CF demonstrate abnormal peripheral vascular function; although, the clinical implications are unclear. We hypothesized that compared to controls, relative to total work performed (WorkTOT), CF would demonstrate increased ventilation accompanied by augmented systolic blood pressure (SBP) during CPET. METHODS 16 CF and 23 controls (age: 23±4 vs. 27±4 years, P = 0.11; FEV1%predicted: 73±14 vs. 96±5, P<0.01) participated in CPET. Breath-by-breath oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), ventilation ([Formula: see text]), and carbon dioxide output ([Formula: see text]) were measured continuously during incremental 3-min stage step-wise cycle ergometry CPET. SBP was measured via manual sphygmomanometry. Linear regression was used to calculate [Formula: see text] slope from rest to peak-exercise. RESULTS Compared to controls, CF performed less WorkTOT during CPET (90±19 vs. 43±14 kJ, respectively, P<0.01). With WorkTOT as a covariate, peak [Formula: see text] (62±8 vs. 90±4 L/min, P = 0.76), [Formula: see text] (1.8±0.3 vs. 2.7±0.1 L/min, P = 0.40), and SBP (144±13 vs. 152±6 mmHg, P = 0.88) were similar between CF and controls, respectively; whereas CF demonstrated increased [Formula: see text] slope (38±4 vs. 28±2, P = 0.02) but lower peak [Formula: see text] versus controls (22±5 vs. 33±4 mL/kg/min, P<0.01). There were modest-to-moderate correlations between peak SBP with [Formula: see text] (r = 0.30), [Formula: see text] (r = 0.70), and [Formula: see text] (r = 0.62) in CF. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that relative to WorkTOT, young adults with mild-to-moderate severity CF demonstrate augmented [Formula: see text] slope accompanied by increased SBP during CPET. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, the coupling of ventilatory inefficiency with increased blood pressure suggest important contributions from peripheral pathophysiology to low exercise capacity in CF.
Isolated Neurofibroma of the Orbit: Case Report and Literature Review.

Purpose To summarize the clinical, radiographic, and intraoperative characteristics of isolated neurofibromas of the orbit (INFO) in the literature and report a case of INFO. Methods Case report and a systematic review of the literature. Results A total of 45 patients were identified from 18 previous studies. There was no sex predilection and mean ages were between 32.3 and 40.0 years with a standard deviation of 9.8 to 19.5 years, median age was 32 to 38 years with a range of 1.5 to 82 years. On CT imaging, INFO reveals homogeneous precontrast radiodensity similar to that of extraocular muscles. On MR imaging, INFO appears hypointense to orbital fat and isointense to brain on precontrast T1-weighted images. On T2-weighted images, they have been described as being predominantly hyperintense with possible hypointense intralesional islands. To the best of our knowledge, our case identifies the youngest patient with the myxoid histologic variant of INFO. Conclusions Patients with orbital neurofibromas should be evaluated for the presence of systemic neurofibromatosis, and the plexiform variant is a commonly associated subtype. The myxoid variant can be part of a lesser known condition called NAME syndrome (nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, and ephelides) which may warrant echocardiography in patients to evaluate for associated cardiac tumors.
Optimal Control Under Distributed Sensor Failure Detectors

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present an extension to a new technique for sensor failure detection in optimally controlled processes, proposed by Saif and Villaseca (1986). Their detection scheme uses a bank of observers to estimate the states of the system and a quadratic function of states, namely the expression for the optimal cost at any time instant, to detect sensor failures. Here a simpler but more restrictive alternative to this scheme Is presented along with the effect of small and known plant parameter's variations on the detection technique. Using a sensitivity analysis, It Is shown that It Is possible to detect sensor failures in spite of small plant parameter's variations without redesigning the observers and the overall control system.
Discussion of “Selected Comments Concerning Optimization Theory for Functions of Permutations”

The overview presented in this survey paper is quite broad, and its major achievement is to draw together a variety of perspectives on the problem of determining an optimal permutation. By incorporating these perspectives in one review and by including an extensive array of examples, the paper depicts the richness and the scope of the problem. Nevertheless, the paper’s coverage of the topic is uneven, and it avoids evaluating or interpreting the diverse material it has drawn together.
Identificação dos riscos e do perfil dos trabalhadores da limpeza em uma instituição de ensino em Vitória/ES e indicadores de acidente desse segmento

Building cleaning activities characterize a sector with significant number of accidents, reduced qualification, depreciation and precarious outsourcing. We interviewed sixty janitors working in a vocational school in Vitoria/ES, in order to identify the workers profile, the risks found in the school environment, in addition to accident rates made available by the government. Results indicated poor training, lack of training, among others. Identified risks include: biological and ergonomic accidents. The investigation demonstrated that the frequency of commuting accidents in this segment is higher than the national average, and the occurrence of typical accidents is reduced. A high number of unreported accidents is observed. We propose the establishment of risk prevention programs that prioritize awareness of workers and elimination of accident conditions.
Sixteen Chinese pediatric brucellosis patients onset of fever in non-epidemic areas and 8 developed with osteoarticular involvement

The purpose of this study is to summarize the manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of childhood brucellosis in non-epidemic areas of China. A retrospective review of 16 admitted children patients with brucella's disease who were diagnosed of brucellosis during the period from 2011 to 2016 was performed. Diagnostic criteria, clinical presentations, and outcomes were recorded. The most common symptom was fever. Osteoarticular involvement was found in 50% of the patients. They were infected by contacting with infected animals or consuming of unpasteurized milk or meat of sheep or goats, also. Standard agglutination test was positive in all patients and blood culture in 10 (62.5%) patients as well as medulloculture in 3 (18.8%) patients were positive. A combination of antibiotic treatment with rifampin plus cotrimoxazole showed good response and all clinical manifestations improved. Brucellosis is misdiagnosed frequently and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when patients do not respond to standard treatment. Blood culture, together with brucella serology test, is important and helpful in the diagnosis. MRI is a good method in differentiating those with symptoms of arthritis.
Quality factor and phase noise improvements in MEMS resonators and oscillators

Quality factor and phase noise are important figures for any resonator or oscillator. This presentation focuses on studies to address improvements in quality factor in bulk mode resonators, and phase noise in nonlinear flexural mode resonators. In bulk resonators, anchor loss can be a significant limitation on quality factor, especially for resonators in the MHz range. This paper presents an informed study on anchor loss in bulk resonators, and demonstrates how proper anchor design can improve resonator performance. In flexural resonators, nonlinear effects have often been avoided due to amplitude dependence on frequency. However, it has been previously shown that nonlinear effects can improve phase noise performance of resonators. Here, we demonstrate a cascade of parametrically driven resonators that functions as a purely mechanical frequency divider, and also demonstrates improved phase noise performance over identical linear resonators.
Physician Preferences to Communicate Neuropsychological Results: Comparison of Qualitative Descriptors and a Proposal to Reduce Communication Errors

Objective Errors in communication are a leading cause of medical errors. A potential source of error in communicating neuropsychological results is confusion in the qualitative descriptors used to describe standardized neuropsychological data. This study sought to evaluate the extent to which medical consumers of neuropsychological assessments believed that results/findings were not clearly communicated. In addition, preference data for a variety of qualitative descriptors commonly used to communicate normative neuropsychological test scores were obtained. Methods Preference data were obtained for five qualitative descriptor systems as part of a larger 36-item internet-based survey of physician satisfaction with neuropsychological services. A new qualitative descriptor system termed the Simplified Qualitative Classification System (Q-Simple) was proposed to reduce the potential for communication errors using seven terms: very superior, superior, high average, average, low average, borderline, and abnormal/impaired. A non-random convenience sample of 605 clinicians identified from four United States academic medical centers from January 1, 2015 through January 7, 2016 were invited to participate. Results A total of 182 surveys were completed. A minority of clinicians (12.5%) indicated that neuropsychological study results were not clearly communicated. When communicating neuropsychological standardized scores, the two most preferred qualitative descriptor systems were by Heaton and colleagues (26%) and a newly proposed Q-simple system (22%). Comprehensive norms for an extended Halstead-Reitan battery: Demographic corrections, research findings, and clinical applications. Odessa, TX: Psychological Assessment Resources) (26%) and the newly proposed Q-Simple system (22%). Discussion Initial findings highlight the need to improve and standardize communication of neuropsychological results. These data offer initial guidance for preferred terms to communicate test results and form a foundation for more standardized practice among neuropsychologists.
Evaluation of Intravenous Vancomycin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Patients With Acute Brain Injury.

Background:Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is primarily cleared by renal elimination. Patients with acute brain injury often exhibit augmented renal clearance which has been associated...
Divergent topologies in luminescent and nitrobenzene-detecting zinc diphenate coordination polymers with flexible dipyridylamide ligands

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of zinc nitrate, diphenic acid (H2dip), and one of the dipyridylamide ligands N,N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl)diisonicotinamide (hdin), N,N′-(pentane-1,5-diyl)diisonicotinamide (pedin), N,N′-(butane-1,4-diyl)diisonicotinamide (bdin), or N,N′-(ethane--1,2-diyl)diisonicotinamide (edin) resulted in coordination polymers whose dimensionalities depend on the aliphatic tether length within the coligand and the amount of base used in the synthesis. The five new phases were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. {[Zn(dip)(hdin)]·2.5H2O}n (1) and {[Zn(dip)(pedin)]·2.5H2O}n (2) both possess undulating 2D coordination polymer layers with [Zn(dip)]n chains spanned by looped dipyridylamine ligands into a 2,4-connected self-penetrated (6)(648.10) topology. [Zn(dipH)2(bdin)]n (3) manifests a 1-D zig-zag chain topology, while {[Zn3(dip)3(bdin)3]·13H2O}n (4) and {[Zn(dip)(edin)]·3H2O}n (5) manifest helical substructures linked into a rare two-fold interpenetrated 6482 nbo topology. Thermal and luminescent properties were also probed; compounds 1–5 showed ability to detect nitrobenzene in ethanol suspension with the 3D derivatives 4 and 5 manifesting the best “turn-off” luminescence quenching behavior.
Thinking the Unthinkable: Preparing for Global Disaster

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for national planning and management functions concerning emergency preparedness, natural disasters, civil defense, and major industrial accidents. These activities place the agency in the role of a risk manager and, in some cases, make it responsible for planning where too little is known about the likelihood or consequences of the risk. One area where risk analysis and management is particularly difficult is preparing for global disasters, for example, on the scale of nuclear war. Among the research areas related to this risk are issues pertaining to the restoration of the mechanisms for exchange and distribution of goods and services in the wake of global disaster. Investigations of this type present two major challenges to the risk analyst. First, the range of uncertainties involved implies that the number of possible scenarios to be examined must be capable of providing sufficient insight to be useful for planning purposes, while sufficiently limited in number to be feasibly researched. Second, the unique nature of this problem implies that the theoretical and empirical evidence must be extracted from a number of disciplines, including anthropology, economics, and sociology. Thus, the investigation requires the construction of a novel approach merging very diverse bodies of existing research. This paper discusses the design of an analytical framework used to examine the exchange and distribution problem, focusing on the challenges to be met and the implications for similar risk management problems.
Essay in Living Philosophies

My father, Hu Chuan, was a scholar and a man of strong will and administrative ability. After a period of classical training in literature and history, he took great interest in the study of geography, especially in the geography of the frontier provinces. He went to Peking and, with a letter of introduction in his pocket, traveled 42 days to Kirin in Northern Manchuria to see the Imperial Commissioner, Wu Ta-chen, who is now known to European Sinologues as one of the greatest archaeologists in China.
The Cow with the Subtile Nose

Since for me the notion of intention is senseless or as senseful as such kindred concepts as spirit and ghost I cannot say what the essay following these few words is intended to say. What is said there is perhaps plain enough. I have however elected to underline as it were certain of its aspects.
The Role of Copper in Metabolic Disorders

Copper, atomic number 29, is an extremely versatile element both outside and inside living cells. The malleability ductility, and esthetic properties of copper have promoted its use in pottery, ornaments, and currency for centuries. During the more recent decades, the electrical conductivity of copper has had an important role in the advancement of electrical technology.
The Death of TV (As We Know It)

What is TV? Or rather, what is the act of watching TV? Is TV still TV if you’re watching it on your laptop or your iPhone? One thing for certain is that television, while still a media, is no longer a medium. Although the concept of Internet TV has been around for more than a decade, actual Internet TV is just starting to take shape. Now that more homes are being hooked up with broadband in the United States and connection speeds are getting faster, Americans are quickly changing how they watch TV and realizing that TV isn’t what it used to be.
Monolithic 9 GHz passively mode locked quantum dot lasers directly grown on on-axis (001) Si

Optical frequency comb direct generation on silicon by mode locked lasers (MLLs) is promising as it offers high wavelength channel counts and ultrashort pulses that will benefit future large-scale high capacity silicon photonic integrated circuits. Here, we demonstrate two-section quantum dot (QD) MLLs that are directly grown on a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible on-axis (001) silicon substrate by employing molecular beam epitaxy. The lasers, incorporating five layers of InAs QDs, operate in the O-band wavelength range with a pulse repetition rate around 9 GHz. A pulsewidth reduction of 48% of the narrowest achievable pulse from each QD MLL is obtained when the saturable absorber (SA) section length ratio is increased from 8% to 23%. The device with the longest SA section exhibits a more than 50 dB fundamental RF peak signal to noise floor ratio with 1.3 ps pulses.
Microstructure and tensile property of a novel AlZnMgScZr alloy additively manufactured by gas atomization and laser powder bed fusion

Abstract Dense and crack-free Al-6Zn-2Mg (wt%) alloys with 1 wt% (Sc + Zr) addition were additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) using gas atomized powders. As-built microstructure consisted of small equiaxed grains near the melt pool boundary and columnar grains between adjacent melt pools. Alloying of Sc + Zr promoted the formation of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles, which contributed to the grain refinement. The alloy exhibited outstanding tensile properties (i.e., 418 ± 3 MPa yield strength, 436 ± 3 MPa tensile strength and 11 ± 1% elongation) after heat treatment. The results demonstrate that high strength aluminum alloy can be fabricated by LPBF through alloy design and microstructural control.
Student Motivation and Perseverance: Do They Explain College Graduation?

We examine whether college students’ persistence in finding a suitable major field of study influences the likelihood of graduation. We find that students who make an effort to select a suitable major early in their college careers graduate in a more timely fashion. Although changing majors is associated with delayed graduation, struggling students can improve graduation likelihood by switching to a more suitable major. However, performance improvement after switching is necessary for successful completion of a degree. These results indicate that colleges and universities should allocate resources to supporting students in their search for an appropriate major and empower students by providing course guidance and counseling.
Total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide as preparation for bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia

A new combination of total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide was used prior to bone marrow transplantation in an attempt to achieve decreased rejection rates and graft-versus-host disease. Nine previously transfused patients with severe aplastic anemia received marrow from an HLA-identical, MLC-compatible sibling following this preparative regimen. There were no episodes of graft rejection, and only one patient developed graft-versus-host disease. Of the 9 patients, 7 (78%) are surviving with a median follow-up of 400 days. The excellent results of this pretransplant combination of total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide warrants application of this regimen to a larger series of patients.
Zr-Catalyzed Olefin Alkylations and Allylic Substitution Reactions with Electrophiles

Disubstituted aryl olefins undergo efficient alkylations in the presence of 5 mol % Cp2ZrCl2, n-BuMgCl, and alkyl tosylates or alkyl bromides. In one class of reactions (Table 1), the resulting alkyl zirconocene (initial alkylation product) undergoes β-hydride abstraction with a hydrogen atom from within the substrate to afford allylic alkylation products (Scheme 5). In another category of reactions, where cyclic allylic ethers (chromenes) are used (Table 2), Zr-alkoxide elimination occurs after the C−C bond formation to effect a net allylic substitution. It is proposed that these reactions involve the nucleophilic attack of substrate-derived zirconates or zirconocene−Grignard reagents on various tosylates and bromides. There is little or no competitive electrophile alkylation by the n-alkyl Grignard reagent. Several mechanistic and synthetic aspects of these Zr-catalyzed C−C bond forming reactions are examined and discussed.
Results of the Patient Safety Authority's 2018 Process Measures Survey

Improving patient safety is an ongoing journey that benefits from periodic assessment to recognize, reward, and redirect efforts. As an independent, nonregulatory state agency, the Patient Safety Authority (PSA) is uniquely positioned to both conduct comprehensive safety assessments and support improvement efforts. A process measures survey of acute care facilities was conducted in November and December 2018. The purpose was to inform the PSA’s strategic direction, provide benchmarking data to facilities, and understand the current patient safety landscape. The survey consisted of 48 questions divided into 10 domains: Behavioral Health, Falls, Health Information Technology, Improving Diagnosis, Infection Prevention and Control, Leadership, Medication Safety, Obstetrics, Safe Surgery, and Transition of Care. Each question asked respondents to report the degree to which a specific safety practice has been implemented at their facility. In all, 153 unique facility responses with at least 30% of the survey questions completed were received and analyzed. According to respondents, the domains Safe Surgery, Infection Prevention and Control, and Obstetrics had the highest percentages of full implementation, while Behavioral Health, Medication Safety, and Improving Diagnosis had the lowest. Looking across domains, two new themes emerged: first, a high percentage of full implementation of safety practices to support communication about patient safety with frontline staff and second, a low percentage of full implementation of safety practices that promote patient engagement in organizational efforts to support safe patient care. These results will inform the PSA’s focus over the next several years. In a couple of places the phrase is used “Improving patient safety is an endless journey….”. I worry that the use of “endless journey” may imply progress can never be made in patient safety and be self-defeating. I suggest changing it to something like, “In the ongoing journey to improve patient safety….”
Fatigue-Aware Bandits for Dependent Click Models

As recommender systems send a massive amount of content to keep users engaged, users may experience fatigue which is contributed by 1) an overexposure to irrelevant content, 2) boredom from seeing too many similar recommendations. To address this problem, we consider an online learning setting where a platform learns a policy to recommend content that takes user fatigue into account. We propose an extension of the Dependent Click Model (DCM) to describe users' behavior. We stipulate that for each piece of content, its attractiveness to a user depends on its intrinsic relevance and a discount factor which measures how many similar contents have been shown. Users view the recommended content sequentially and click on the ones that they find attractive. Users may leave the platform at any time, and the probability of exiting is higher when they do not like the content. Based on user's feedback, the platform learns the relevance of the underlying content as well as the discounting effect due to content fatigue. We refer to this learning task as “fatigue-aware DCM Bandit” problem. We consider two learning scenarios depending on whether the discounting effect is known. For each scenario, we propose a learning algorithm which simultaneously explores and exploits, and characterize its regret bound.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the 2002-2003 NASA Science Files Program

NASA SCIence Files (tm) is a research-, inquiry-, and standards-based, integrated mathematics, science, and technology series of 60-minute instructional distance learning (television and web-based) programs for students in grades 3-5. Respondents who evaluated the programs in the 2002-2003 NASA SCIence Files (tm) series reported that (1) they used the programs in the series; (2) the goals and objectives for the series were met; (3) the programs were aligned with the national mathematics, science, and technology standards; (4) the program content was developmentally appropriate for grade level; and (5) the programs in the series enhanced and enriched the teaching of mathematics, science, and technology.
Ambiguity Aversion and Experiential Learning: Implications for Retirement Planning

This paper evaluates potential methods for reducing ambiguity surrounding returns on equity to improve financial decision making related to retirement planning. We first assess the degree of ambiguity aversion exhibited by individuals in the sample population as they decide between a risky (known probability) option and ambiguous (unknown probability) option pertaining to their chances of winning $0 or $1 in a hypothetical lottery. Allowing participants to experience the underlying probability through sampling significantly influences behavior, as participants were more likely to select the ambiguous option after sampling. Similarly, we test whether sampling historical return data through learning modules influences long-term decision making regarding asset allocation within a retirement portfolio. Here, we find that participants who receive interactive learning modules — which require users to manually alter the asset allocation to produce a sample of historical return data based on the specific allocation entered in the model — increase their post-learning equity allocations by 10.8% more than individuals receiving static modules. Interestingly, we find no significant evidence of ambiguity aversion playing a role in the asset allocation decision. This study supplies a link between research on dispelling ambiguity associated with stock market participation and improving financial decision-making related to retirement preparedness.
The limitations of evidence: increasing data and increasing doubt in the treatment of cardiac arrest.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac arrest is one of the most challenging disease processes to study with clinical trials due to the emergent and unpredictable nature of these events and complexity of the patient population. In recent years, there has been a major push to complete more large, multicentre trials. In many cases, however, there remains little certainty on what treatments are most efficacious, in spite of the recent increase in evidence. This review was undertaken to address some of the unique barriers to address answering research questions in cardiac arrest with clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple examples of trials that have failed to reach definitive conclusions, and potential reasons for this, are discussed. SUMMARY Trials on multiple major cardiac arrest interventions, including temperature management, drugs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and airway management, now have high-quality randomized trials, but significant questions on efficacy and best practices remain. Common pitfalls and reasons for this are explored, including heterogeneity of patients and providers, variability in exact interventions studied, delay in starting research interventions and lack of consistency across systems in decision making around appropriateness for resuscitation.
Problems: Network Theorems (Tellegen’s and Linear Time-Invariant Network Theorems)

In this chapter, the basic and advanced problems of network theorems, that is, Tellegen’s and linear time-invariant (LTI) network theorems, are presented. In this chapter, the problems are categorized in different levels based on their difficulty levels (easy, normal, and hard) and calculation amounts (small, normal, and large). Additionally, the problems are ordered from the easiest problem with the smallest computations to the most difficult problems with the largest calculations.
The Effect of Financial Literacy on Policy Preferences: Evidence from Argentina

In this paper, I study the role of economic knowledge in economic policy preferences. Previous studies emphasize a moderating effect of knowledge on issue attitudes, through its interaction with partisanship and self-interest. I argue that knowledge has a direct effect on policy preferences. With the evidence from the two surveys of 7,565 of Argentines, I show that people who score higher on the Global Financial Literacy and economic knowledge tests are more supportive for pro-market economic policies, such as elimination of trade barriers, elimination of subsidies, and integration into the world financial markets. My knowledge measures are not correlated with partisanship. I address the issue of confoundedness with self-interest by conducting analysis in two different contexts – economic boom and recession.
Visual Documents, Property Archives, and the Map of the City of Rome: 1563–1712

The libri delle case are inventories of buildings that were produced by the pious institutions of Rome—convents, confraternities, hospitals—beginning in the second half of the sixteenth century. They are based on images—first plans, later elevations and even sections—and for that reason are different from all earlier inventories. In Visual Documents, Property Archives, and the Map of the City of Rome: 1563–1712, David Friedman discusses how the introduction of images transformed both the organization and the content of the archives. Introduced at a moment of dramatic change in the real estate market, they are the means by which the documentary record focused for the first time on the physical qualities of property. The plans document a fundamental change in the way the city itself was understood. First recorded as isolated objects, the houses of the later libri are set in increasingly wide physical contexts, reflecting a vision of the city as a continuous spatial field.
Chemical Agents in Air

The sections in this article are: 1 Nature of Chemical Agents in Air 1.1 Gases 1.2 Aerosols 2 Origin of Chemical Agents in Air 2.1 Natural sources 2.2 Man-made sources 3 Distribution of Chemical Agents in Air 4 Summary
Urinary cortisol levels of gray-cheeked mangabeys are higher in disturbed compared to undisturbed forest areas in Kibale National Park, Uganda

Habitat disturbance due to anthropogenic activities is a source of acute and chronic energetic stress in wild animals, including primates. Physiological responses to stress can compromise growth and reproduction, increase susceptibility to infection and lead to deleterious effects on health and conservation efforts. However, physiological measures of energetic stress in association with habitat disturbance are uncommon, especially for wild primate species. Here, we report differences in the stress hormone cortisol in two subpopulations of wild gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) inhabiting disturbed and undisturbed forest areas of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Cortisol levels were assessed via opportunistically and noninvasively collected urine samples using previously validated methods. We hypothesized that mangabeys in disturbed forest (DF) areas would experience greater stress and therefore exhibit higher average cortisol levels than conspecifics in nearby relatively undisturbed forest areas (UF). As predicted, mangabeys in the disturbed area had significantly higher cortisol levels (unpaired t-test of log transformed data, t = 4.88, d.f. = 108, P < 0.0001). Mangabeys in undisturbed forest exhibited expected diurnal patterns of cortisol excretion while those in disturbed areas did not, suggesting alteration of the circadian pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (DF, r = 0.12, P = 0.43; UF, r = 0.35, P = 0.005). Reasons for differences are unclear, but could include altered food availability and distribution, human contact or other anthropogenic effects. Noninvasive measurements of urinary hormones are useful for quantifying animal energetic stress in the wild and assessing the effects of conservation efforts to attenuate anthropogenic stress in wild populations.
Incentive Compensation and the Likelihood of Termination: Theory and Evidence from Real Estate Organizations

We analyze two managerial compensation incentive devices: the threat of termination and pay for performance. We first develop a simple model predicting that these devices are substitutes: when termination incentives are low, optimal contracts provide stronger pay-for-performance incentives. We then use data from real estate organizations to provide two independent tests of the model’s central prediction. First, we use the fact that chief executive officers of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and general partners of Real Estate Limited Partnerships (RELPs) perform similar tasks, yet organizational features of RELPs ensure that the latter are much harder to terminate. Consistent with the model, we find that pay-for-performance sensitivity is much higher for general partners of RELPs, where the termination threat is less credible. Second, we use a recent cross-section of REITs to show that in property types where it is expected to be more costly to replace managers, those managers have stronger pay-for-performance incentives.
The business management preceptorship within the nurse practitioner program

Changes in health care reimbursement practices have affected the way in which primary health care is provided. To be successful, nurse practitioners must have a proficient understanding of basic business functions, including accounting, finance, economics, marketing, and reimbursement practices. Yet, many graduates of nurse practitioner programs are not adequately prepared to make fundamental business decisions. Therefore, it is essential that nurse practitioner faculty provide learning experiences on primary practice business. Because the preceptor experience is an integral aspect of nurse practitioner education, a business preceptorship provides students with pragmatic knowledge of the clinical practice within a business framework. The University of Indianapolis School of Nursing offers a nurse practitioner business preceptorship. The implementation, challenges, and positive outcomes of the course are discussed in this article.
Parallel axiom in convexity lattices

The convexity lattices, introduced by Bennett and Birkhoff, generalize the lattices of convex sets. We present three forms of Parallel Axiom in such lattices and define Euclidean and two classes of non-Euclidean lattices via the number of parallel lines through a point. The paper deals with these three classes of lattices.
Photorecombination Spectra of Highly Charged Ions

A general method for the theoretical calculation of relativistic photorecombination cross sections is employed to obtain detailed theoretical spectra for highly charged ions for the first time in an {bold {ital ab initio}}manner. The calculations are carried out using the relativistic Breit-Pauli R-matrix method. The theoretical cross sections incorporate total electron-ion recombination and correspond directly to that observed experimentally. In particular, the detailed resonance structures are found to be in good agreement with the experiment results for Fe XXV obtained from the electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) at Livermore, and with the {bold {ital absolute}} values for Ar XIV measured using the heavy-ion storage ring (CRYRING) at Stockholm. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Herpes simplex virus expressing Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1

Abstract DNA fragments containing an open reading frame known to encode most or all of the EBNAl protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were fused in the proper transcriptional orientation to the promoter regulatory domain, capping site. and a portion of the 5′ transcribed noncoding sequences of the HSV-1 α4 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). In these constructs 20, 130, or 385 bp of EBV DNA and 28 bp of HSV-1 DNA separated the α4 cap site from a putative initiator codon of the EBNA1 gene. The chimeric α4-EBNA1 genes were introduced into L cells or recombined into the viral genome using the thymidine kinase selection system. The three chimeric gene constructs resident in the L cell clones expressed a protein indistinguishable from authentic EBNA1 with respect to electrophoretic and immunologic properties indicating that the ATG at the beginning of the EBV open reading frame initiated translation of the bonafide EBNAl protein. The chimeric α4EBNA1 genes resident in L cells were induced by HSV-1 infection and were regulated as α genes. The chimeric α4-EBNA1 gene recombined into the viral genome was also regulated as an α gene. The recombinant viruses were stable and expressed 50- to 100-fold more EBNAl than is ordinarily expressed in human lymphocytes carrying the EBV genome. EBNA1 did not alter the program of HSV-1 protein expression. The utility of the vector is discussed.
The leech photoreceptor cell: ultrastructure of clefts connecting the phaosome with extracellular space demonstrated by lanthanum deposition.

When the extracellular space in eyes of Hirudo medicinalis was traced by means of lanthanum deposition, clefts were found which extend into receptor cells connecting the phaosome vacuoles with the extracellular space. The membrane of the phaosome, which bears the photoreceptor microvilli, is continuous with the external membrane of the receptor cell. Thus mechanisms by which the initial events of photoreception bring about electrical events at the cell surface need not differ from those being considered for other photoreceptor cells.
Changing attitudes and practices in foregoing life-sustaining treatments.

Advances in medical technology and practices have been associated with improved patient outcomes. At times, the price of this progress has included great financial costs and human suffering. During the last two decades, there have been significant changes in medical practices in America. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the removal of a respirator or hydration or nutrition from a patient who was not brain dead was considered a deviation from accepted medical practices. In 1976, theQuinlancase allowed the removal of a ventilator from a patient in a persistent vegetative state. Subsequent court decisions in the 1980s have equated hydration and artificial feeding with other forms of life-sustaining treatments and have allowed their withdrawal in patients who were not terminally ill. Prominent physicians have recently stated that it is not immoral for a physician to assist in the rational suicide of a terminally ill patient. Active euthanasia programs in the United States are likely in the near future. (JAMA. 1990;263:2211-2215)
THE EFFECT OF DOPAMINE ON RENAL FUNCTION IN NEWBORN PUPPIES

In adults, moderate doses of dopamine (D) (5 to 15 Ug/kg/min) increase renal blood flow; high doses (>20 μg/kg/min) decrease renal blood flow. Although many newborn infants with shock are treated with D, little is known about the effect of moderate dose of D in this age group. Thus we studied the renal effect of intravenous D before (C) during (E) and following (PE) the infusion of dopamine (10 μg/kg/min) in 1 wk old puppies (P). Renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow (V) fractional sodium excretion (FENa) free water clearance and distribution of renal blood flow (RBD) were obtained before and during infusion of dopamine. The results are: M±SE, *P<.05 by paired t test. Outer cortical to inner cortical blood flow ratio decreased significantly during D infusion (P<.05). These studies demonstrate that D in moderate doses decreases RBF, GFR, and CH2O; increases FENa, and UV in puppies. These findings are similar to high output renal failure and should be interpreted with caution. Difference in renal response to moderate dose of D in adult and 1 week old may be a function of D receptors.