cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Electronic Prescribing and Terminologies

Electronic medical records provide potential benefits and also drawbacks. Potential benefits include increased patient safety and efficiency. Potential drawbacks include newly introduced errors and diminished workflow efficiency. In the patient safety context, medication errors account for significant patient harm. Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) offers the promise of automated drug interaction and dosage verification. In addition, the process of enabling e-prescriptions also provides access to an often unrecognized benefit, that of viewing the dispensed medication history. This information is often critical to understanding patient symptoms. Obtaining significant value from electronic medical records requires use of standardized terminology for both targeted decision support and population-based management. Further, generating documentation for a billable encounter requires usage of proper codes. The emergence of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 holds promise in facilitating identification of a more precise patient code while also presenting drawbacks given its complexity. This article will focus on elements of e-prescribing and use of structured chart content, including diagnosis codes as they relate to physician office practices.
Hamiltonian light-front dynamics of elastic electron-deuteron scattering.

Relativistic calculations of elastic electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron are presented for momentum transfers up to 8 GeV/sup 2/. Standard nucleon-nucleon interactions are used to construct a unitary representation of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group on the two-nucleon Hilbert space. Deuteron wave functions represent eigenstates of the four-momentum operator. Existing parametrizations of measured single-nucleon form factors are used to construct a conserved covariant electromagnetic current operator. Deuteron form factors are computed in terms of matrix elements of the current operator and the deuteron wave functions. The results are compared to experiment. The size of relativistic effects, scaling behavior, sensitivity to the nucleon-nucleon interactions, and effects of the uncertainties in measured nucleon form factors are investigated.
On the crystallography of the TTF-TCNQ salt at reduced temperatures

Abstract A structure determination of the one-dimensionally conducting salt tetrathiofulvalinium-tetracyanoquinodimethanide (TTF-TCNQ) at 100°K, and additional measurements at lower temperatures, show that no major change in crystal structure occurs between room temperature and 40°K. At 100°K the interplanar spacings are reduced from 3.47 to 3.43 and from 3.17 to 3.11 A for the TTF and TCNQ stacks, respectively. The bond lengths at 100°K agree better with the values listed for salts of TCNQ -0.5 , than with those for TCNQ -1 . On cooling a broadening of the b ∗ axis reflections is observed, which would be compatible with one-dimensional distortions of the crystal lattice.
Reactions of cobaloxime η1-allyl complexes with electron deficient alkenes

Abstract The preparation of several new η1-allyl (dimethylglyoxime)2 cobalt complexes (7–12) containing varied axial pyridine ligands is reported. These complexes are synthesized via three different methods: (1) in situ generation and allylation of [L(dmg)2Co]2 dimers (where L=various pyridines); (2) generation and allylation of L(dmg)2Co anions; and (3) an apparent 1,4-hydrocobaltation of 1,3-dienes. Tetracyanoethylene addition to cobaloxime allyl complexes (5–12) yielded cyclized complexes (17–23) and insertion products (24–27). Yields of the cyclized and uncyclized complexes are influenced by the electronics of the axial pyridine ligand with the more electron withdrawing pyridine ligands favoring the formation of more cyclized product. Treatment of cobaloxime allyl complexes (8–10) with benzoquinone yielded rearranged cobaloxime allyl complexes (30 and 31) along with para-allyloxysubstituted phenols (32–34). The substituted phenols presumably arise from a Michael addition of the allyl fragment onto benzoquinone followed by a retro Claisen reaction.
Interdisciplinary management of single-tooth implants

Orthodontists treat many patients who are missing maxillary lateral incisors and/or mandibular second premolars. In the past, if the canines could not be substituted for lateral incisors, conventional full-coverage bridges were the common restoration. Recently, resin-bonded Maryland bridges became a popular substitute for conventional bridges to avoid crowns on the nonrestored abutments. However, resin-bonded bridges have a poor long-term prognosis for retention, lasting on average about 10 years. Since implants were introduced into dentistry by Swedish researchers in the mid-1980s, they have become a promising substitute for conventional or resin-bonded bridges. However, to successfully place and restore single-tooth implants in young orthodontic patients several questions must be answered. This article will discuss the many interdisciplinary issues that are involved in placing and restoring single-tooth implants in orthodontic patients.
Abstract A42: Small molecule activators of p53 for the treatment of inflammatory breast cancer

Although rare, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer with a 5 year survival of 40% compared to 85% for ductal carcinoma in situ. The standard therapy for this disease is chemo‐ and radiation therapy; however there are currently no targeted therapies for IBC. Histopathology data suggests that 40–70% of IBC tumors express wild type p53, while approximately 40% are estrogen receptor positive (ER+). The disease is characterized by early and diffuse intravasation of the breast lymphatic vessels by the tumor cells which form emboli that block the drainage of the ducts leading to swelling of the affected breast and erythema. Efforts to increase survival from this often lethal disease have been hindered by the paucity of model systems for studying the underlying biology of IBC. We have used the SUM 149PT and SUM 190PT cell lines, which were originally derived from IBC to investigate the utility of two histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (CG‐1521 and TSA), alone and in combination with anti‐estrogens as a novel therapy for the disease. In prostate cancer cell lines CG‐1521 has been shown to acetylate p53 at Lys 373 and induce cell death, while TSA induces specific acetylation of Lys382 and induces cell cycle arrest. Both SUM 149PT and SUM 190PT express ERα and ERβ, although neither cell line requires estradiol for cell growth. SUM149PT cells express wild type p53, while the SUM 190PT express a truncated isoform of the protein. CG‐1521 induces DNA fragmentation and cell death in both cell lines. While TSA also induces cell death in the SUM 149PT cells, it only induces cell cycle arrest in the SUM 190PT cells, which we attribute to the truncation of the p53 protein. Treatment of SUM149PT cells with low doses of either tamoxifen or CG‐1521 individually does not induce apoptosis but in combination, causes a substantial decrease in cell number and indicates that the two compounds act synergistically in this context. These data suggest that HDAC inhibitors such as CG‐1521 and TSA, which target specific Lys residues in p53 may be useful for the treatment of IBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A42.
A test of the new “integrated MO + MM” (IMOMM) method for the conformational energy of ethane and n‐butane

Test calculations of the newly developed “Integrated Molecular Orbital + Molecular Mechanics” (IMOMM) method were performed for the optimized equilibrium and transition structures and energies of ethane and n-butane. In this method, the total energy of a large molecular system is expressed as a sum of the MO energy of the small “model” system and a modified MM energy of the “real” system, and full geometry optimization is carried out using the gradient of this total energy. Various schemes of partition of the system into the MO part and the MM part, including some not intended in the original design of the method, were examined and compared with the pure ab initio MO and the pure MM results. In most reasonable partition schemes, the IMOMM method can reproduce the pure ab initio and the pure MM geometries and energies quite well. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PREVALENCE OF MICROSCOPIC TUMORS IN NORMAL APPEARING RENAL PARENCHYMA OF PATIENTS WITH HEREDITARY PAPILLARY RENAL CANCER

Purpose: We describe the earliest renal lesions associated with hereditary papillary renal cancer and estimate the prevalence of microscopic papillary renal tumors.Materials and Methods: Grossly normal tissue was obtained from 12 kidneys during renal surgery in 9 patients with hereditary papillary renal cancer. Tissue was examined microscopically and findings were compared to those previously reported to be associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease and sporadic renal cell carcinoma.Results: A total of 92 microscopic papillary renal cell carcinoma lesions were identified on 46 of 88 slides (53%). No other lesions were identified. All tumors were solid and displayed the basophilic papillary histology characteristic of hereditary papillary renal cancer. Extrapolation of the data predicted the prevalence of 1,100 to 3,400 microscopic papillary tumors in a single kidney in a patient with hereditary papillary renal cancer.Conclusions: The basophilic papillary histology characteristic of clinically apparent rena...
Raman Scattering in Symbiotic Stars

Symbiotic stars are interacting binary systems consisting of a hot star, typically a white dwarf, and a cool red giant companion. The radiation from the hot star partially ionizes the wind from the cool star, resulting in a characteristic combination of sharp nebular lines and stellar molecular absorption bands in the optical spectrum. Most of the emission lines are readily identifiable with common atoms and ions. However, roughly half of all known symbiotic stars exhibit two strong, broad emission lines at ll6825 and 7082 (D. A. Allen 1980, MNRAS, 190, 75) which defied identification for a number of years. H. M. Schmid (1989, AA W. A. Fiebelman, F. C. Bruhweiler, & S. Johanssson 1991, ApJ, 373, 649; P. S. Li & S. A. Leah 1997, ApJ, 484, 424). H. M. Schmid & H. Schild (1994, AA T. J. Harries & I. D. Howarth 1997, AA K. W. Lee & H. W. Lee 1997, MNRAS, 287, 211). The derived efficiencies for Z And, V1016 Cyg, AG Dra, and EG And imply ionization geometries –4.0, in qualiX ∼ 0.4 H tative agreement with other studies (H. Murset et al. 1991, AA H. M. Schmid et al. 1999, A&A, 348, 950). The relative mass-loss rates of Z And, V1016 Cyg, AG Dra, and EG And based on their Raman efficiencies are not generally in agreement with those derived from radio measurements (E. R. Seaquist, M. Krogulec, & A. R. Taylor 1993, ApJ, 410, 260). Since both the Raman line intensity and polarization profiles are very sensitive to the mass-loss rate (T. J. Harries & I. D. Howarth 1997, A&AS, 121, 15), detailed studies of these profiles may provide another useful method to examine the mass-loss rates of cool red giants in symbiotic systems. At present, Raman scattering is found to occur only in symbiotic stars, with the exception of the young planetary nebula NGC 7027. D. Pequignot et al. (1997, A&A, 323, 217) observed a Raman scattered He ii line in the optical spectrum of NGC 7027. This unusual planetary nebula appears to have two central stars, one of which is either a main-sequence star or subdwarf and the other a white dwarf star, and has been discussed as a possible post-symbiotic system (G. A. Gurzadyan 1997, The Physics and Dynamics of Planetary Nebulae [New York: Springer]). Spectroscopic similarities between bipolar, proto–planetary nebulae and symbiotic stars have lead many researchers to speculate on possible evolutionary links between the two types of objects (H. W. Lee & M. G. Park 1999, ApJ, 515, L89, and references therein). The binarity of symbiotic stars is well-established while that of bipolar proto–planetary nebulae remains a matter of debate. Nonetheless, it remains an exciting potential that Raman scattering may ultimately reveal evolutionary links between symbiotic stars and bipolar, proto–planetary nebulae.
Rocket Motor Service Life Calculations Based on the First-Passage Method

The paper discusses the uses of the first-passage method in service life predictions for solid propellant rocket motors. These motors, when stored at a site for a long period of time, are subjected to environmental temperature variations, aging, and cumulative damage. Mechanical properties are considered as statistically variable quantities. Temperature variations treated alternatively as Poisson and Markov processes are compared under cold and warm climates. As expected, service lives of motors were found to be shorter at the cold site. The Markov model gives somewhat more conservative results than the Poisson model.
The transit dose component of high dose rate brachytherapy: direct measurements and clinical implications

Purpose: To measure the transit dose produced by a moving high dose rate brachytherapy source and assess its clinical significance. Methods and Materials: The doses produced from source movement during Ir-192 HDR afterloading were measured using calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeter rods. Transit doses at distances of 0.5–4.0 cm from an endobronchial applicator were measured using a Lucite phantom accommodating 1 × 1 × 6 mm thermoluminescent rods. Surface transit dose measurements were made using esophageal and endobronchial catheters, a gynecologic tandem, and an interstitial needle. Results: No difference was detected in thermoluminescent dosimeter rod responses to 4 MV and Ir-192 spectra (427 nC/Gy) in a range of dose between 2 and 300 cGy. The transit dose at 0.5 cm from an endobronchial catheter was 0.31 cGy/(Curie-fraction) and followed an inverse square fall-off with increasing distance. Surface transit doses ranged from 0.38 cGy/(Curie-fraction) for an esophageal catheter to 1.03 cGy/(Curie-fraction) for an endobronchial catheter. Source velocity is dependent on the interdwell distance and varies between 220–452 mm/sec. A numeric algorithm was developed to calculate total transit dose, and was based on a dynamic point approximation for the moving high dose rate source. This algorithm reliably predicted the empirical transit doses and demonstrated that total transit dose is dependent on source velocity, number of fractions, and source activity. Surface transit doses are dependent on applicator diameter and wall material and thickness. Total transit doses within or outside the desired treatment volume are typically <100 cGy, but may exceed 200 cGy when using a large number of fractions with a high activity source. Conclusion: Current high dose rate brachytherapy treatment planning systems calculate dose only from source dwell positions and assume a negligible transit dose. Under certain clinical circumstances, however, the transit dose can exceed 200 cGy to tissues within and outside the prescribed treatment volume. These additional, unrecognized doses could increase potential late tissue complications, as predicted by the linear quadratic model. To enhance the clinical safety and accuracy of high dose rate brachytherapy, total transit dose should be included in calculated isodose distributions. Significant transit doses to tissues outside the treatment volume should be documented.
'Insight' in the pigeon: antecedents and determinants of an intelligent performance.

In 1917 Wolfgang Kohler reported some rather extraordinary instances of problem solving by a number of chimpanzees1, and his observations have been the subject of controversy ever since2,3. The period of quiescence that sometimes preceded the solution, its sudden onset, and its smooth, continuous emergence were proffered as evidence that (1) contrary to suggestions of learning theorists of the day, problem solving was not necessarily a trial-and-error process, and (2) constructs such as ‘insight’ were necessary for an adequate account1,4–6. Here, in an attempt to shed further light on these issues, we have replicated with pigeons a classic problem with that Kohler confronted his chimpanzees. Pigeons that had acquired relevant skills solved the problem in a remarkably chimpanzee-like (and, perforce, human-like) fashion. The possible contributions of different experiences were determined by varying the training histories of different birds. We offer a tentative moment-to-moment account of a successful performance.
A guaranteed accuracy shifting bottleneck algorithm for the two-machine flowshop total tardiness problem

A guaranteed accuracy shifting bottleneck algorithm is developed for the two-machine flowshop total tardiness problem by exploiting its relationship to its single machine counterpart. The algorithm provides a solution which does not exceed the optimal by more than a predetermined value and we show that this bound is tight; further, the obtained solution can be declared optimal a priori in many instances. Computational experiments indicate that the proposed heuristic performs better than the currently best available heuristic for the problem.
Effect of Phytoaccumulation of Arsenic and Chromium on Structural and Ultrastructural Changes of Brake Fern (Pteris vittata)

Structural and ultrastructural changes caused by bioaccumulation of As and Cr in brake fern (Pteris vittata), a known arsenic hyperaccumulator, were investigated. Potted plants of brake fern were exposed to metal treatments of As and Cr for three weeks. Leaf, stem and root samples were collected periodically and fixed for LM (Light Microscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) to evaluate anatomical changes. The fresh weights, dry weights, RWC (Relative Water Content) and plant heights were obtained before the brake fern plants were harvested for metal accumulation analysis. The As accumulated mainly in the shoots while Cr accumulated mainly in the roots of the metal-treated plants. Significant changes in the ferns physical characters, including fresh weight, dry weight, RWC, and plant height were observed for only Cr-treated plants but not for As-treated plants. Microscopic studies reveal the Cr accumulation resulted in dehydration and collapse of internal structure of leaves and cellular breakdown of roots. The As-treated plants showed no significant structural changes in leaves, stems and roots compared to control plants. Clotted depositions were observed in roots and stems of plant groups treated with highest concentration of Cr and As when compared to control (T0) group. Our study indicates that Cr has a profound impact on physiology and structure of fern plants. The accumulation of Cr resulted in decrease in growth rate, total biomass and RWC. We believe that brake fern plants can uptake, translocate and sequester As because it caused no significant structural changes in leaves, stems and roots of the plants.
Vector Boolean Algebra and Calculus

In this paper, binary-vector Boolean algebra, a generalization of ordinary Boolean algebra [6], is introduced. In this algebra, every element is represented by a binary vector and in addition to ordinary AND, OR, and NOT operations, a new operation called the rotation operation which rotates (rightward or leftward) the components of a binary vector is introduced. Moreover, the NOT or COMPLEMENTATION operation is extended to a more general operation called the generalized complement which includes the total complement (ordinary complement), the null complement (no complement), and newly introduced partial complements. Because of this generalization, all axioms and theorems of ordinary Boolean algebra are generalized. In particular, it is shown that DeMorgan's theorem, Shannon's theorem, and the expansion theorem are generalized into more general forms which include their corresponding ordinary version as a special case. It is also shown that any multivalued logic truth table can be represented by a vector Boolean function. Three compact canonical (sum-of-products and product-of-sums) forms of this function are presented.
Irrigation of turfgrass with secondary sewage effluent. I, Soil and leachate water quality

(...) The objective of this field experiment was to evaluate the effect of secondary treated municipal effluent irrigation on soil and leachate properties under a turf groundcover during the first 16 mo of irrigation. Research plots were irrigated identically with either effluent or potable water using a leaching fraction of approximately 20%. Effluent irrigation resulted in significant changes in soil properties after a relatively short period of time (...)
A means for targeting therapeutics to peripheral nervous system neurons with axonal damage.

OBJECTIVE: Delivery of biological therapeutics to motor and dorsal root ganglion neurons remains a major hurdle in the development of treatments for a variety of neurological processes, including peripheral nerve injury, pain, and motor neuron diseases. Because nerve cell bodies are important in initiating and controlling axonal regeneration, targeted delivery is an appealing strategy to deliver therapeutic proteins after peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Tet 1 is a 12-aa peptide, isolated through phage display that is selected for tetanus toxin C fragment-like binding properties. In this study, we surveyed its uptake and retrograde transport using compartmented cultures and sciatic nerve injections. We then characterized the time course of this delivery. Finally, to confirm the retrograde transport involvement, a colchicine pretreatment was performed. We also performed competitive binding studies between Tet1 and a recombinant tetanus toxin C fragment using recombinant tetanus toxin C fragment enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: We were able to demonstrate efficient uptake and retrograde axonal transport of the Tet 1 peptide in vitro and in vivo. Intraneural colchicine pretreatment partially blocked fluorescence detection in the spinal cord, revealing a retrograde axonal transport mechanism. Finally, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiment revealed Tet1 -specific binding to the recombinant tetanus toxin C fragment axon terminal trisialogangliosides receptor. CONCLUSION: These properties of Tet 1 can be applied to the development of therapeutic viral vectors and fusion proteins for neuronal targeting and enhanced spinal cord delivery in the treatment of nerve regeneration, neuroprotection, analgesia, and spasticity. Small peptides can be easily fused to larger proteins without significantly modifying their function and can be used to alter the binding and uptake properties of these proteins.
Erythroblastosis fetalis caused by sensitization tofactor rhw(Cw)

Summary A case of erythroblastosis fetalis caused by sensitization to the rare factor rh w (C w ) in a seventh child is presented. This factor was present in the blood of the father and the third, fifth, and sixth child born to the mother, and to the seventh child discussed in this report. The significance of a positive direct antiglobulin test on cord blood and the value of routinely performing this test on blood of all newborn infants is emphasized.
Thrombocytosis in 24 Horses (1989–1994)

The records of horses presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine between January 1, 1989 and April 30, 1994 were evaluated to determine risk factors associated with thrombocytosis. Of the 2,346 horses for which a CBC was performed, 24 (1.0%) had a platelet count > 400,000/microL. Demographic, diagnostic, physical examination, and clinicopathologic variables from these cases were compared with a reference population consisting of 189 horses with a normal platelet count presenting during the same period. Infectious/ inflammatory disorders were observed more commonly in horses with high platelet counts than in horses with normal platelet counts. Initial independent evaluation of demographic variables revealed that horses more than 3 years of age, females, and geldings were less likely to have thrombocytosis than were younger horses or stallions. Independent analysis of clinicopathologic variables revealed that horses with thrombocytosis were more likely to have hyperfibrinogenemia, leukocytosis, hypoproteinemia, and anemia than were horses with normal platelet counts. Physical examination parameters associated with thrombocytosis included tachycardia and pyrexia. In the final multivariable model, the variables with the strongest association with thrombocytosis included leukocytosis, anemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Thrombocytosis rarely causes clinical problems in horses and is not likely to require specific antiplatelet therapy. The strong association of thrombocytosis with infectious/inflammatory disorders, however, should lead clinicians to suspect these types of conditions in horses with high platelet counts.
Electron Transport during the 1999 August 20 Flare Inferred from Microwave and Hard X-Ray Observations

We discuss injection and transport of high-energy electrons during a GOES X-ray class M9.8 flare observed in microwaves with the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA) and in hard X-rays (HXRs) with the hard X-ray telescope (HXT) on board Yohkoh. Observed at 1 s timescales or better in both wavelength regimes, the event shows (1) a large difference in scale between the microwave source and the HXR source; (2) an unusually hard HXR spectrum (maximum spectral index ~-1.6), followed by rapid spectral softening; and (3) a microwave light curve containing both impulsive peaks (3 s rise time) simultaneous with those of the HXRs and a long, extended tail with a uniform decay rate (2.3 minutes). We analyze the observations within the framework of the electron trap-and-precipitation model, allowing a time-dependent injection energy spectrum. Assuming thick-target bremsstrahlung for the HXRs, we infer the electron injection function in the form Q(E, t) ~ (E/E0)-δ(t), where the timescale for δ(t) to change by unity is ~7 s. This injection function can account for the characteristics of the impulsive part of the microwave burst by considering the bulk of the electrons to be directly precipitating without trapping. The same injection function also accounts for the gradual part of the microwave emission by convolving the injection function with a kernel representing the trapping process, which at late times gives N(E, t) ~ e-νt(E/E0)-b. We require b ~ 1.4 and ν ~ 6 × 10-3β s-1, where β is the electron speed divided by the speed of light. Therefore, the derived form of the precipitation rate ν itself indicates strong pitch-angle diffusion, but the slow decay of the microwave radiation requires a small loss cone (~4°) and a low ambient density in the coronal trap. Also, the numbers of electrons needed to account for the two components of the microwave emission differ by an order of magnitude. We estimate that the ≥100 keV number of the directly precipitating electrons is ~1033, while the trapped population requires ~1032 electrons. This leads us to a model of two interacting loops, the larger of which serves as an efficient trap while the smaller provides the impulsive source. These characteristics are consistent with the spatially resolved observations.
Distribution of riffle insects of the Firehole River, Wyoming

The Firehole River flows through the major hot spring basins of Yellowstone National Park. The runoff water from the hot springs changes the physical and chemical characteristics of the river as evidenced by the progressive downstream increase in temperature and pH. Nine sampling stations were located in riffles above and below all the major influxes of hot spring water into the river. One hundred thirty-five samples of bottom organisms were collected from all the stations from July through October 1952 and in May 1953. The organisms were identified, counted and weighed. Four other streams in Yellowstone National Park were surveyed to gather more information about the factors influencing the ecological distribution of the stream insects. Arctopsyche, Rhyacophila, Micrasema, Ephemerella glacialis, E. grandis, E. doddsi, Rhithrogena, Libellula, Baetis tricaudatus, E. flavilinea, E. heterocaudata, Ironopsis, Iron, Chimarra, Acroneuria and the Tendepedidae were considered to be forms that preferred colder water. Leptocella, Ophiogomphus, Argia, Paraleptophlebia, Tricorythodes, Helicopsyche, Oecetis, Hydropsyche, Brachycentrus, Atherix, Antocha and E. euterpe were considered to be forms that preferred warmer water. Glossosoma, Agraylea, Narpus, Pteronarcys and the Simuliidae were widely distributed and did not evidence any temperature preference. The nature of the substrate and rate of water flow were discussed in addition to temperature as factors influencing the ecological distribution of stream insects. The seasonal fluctuations in average numbers of twenty-three species or genera were described. Although the data do not permit a direct contribution to the study of the community concept, they do indicate that the species occur along a continuously fluctuating environment and that discrete communities cannot be described.
Dedekind completion of positive concatenation structures: necessary and sufficient conditions

Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented to Dedekind complete a Closed Positive Concatenation Structure. In addition, a new graphical method is presented for verifying the axioms of a Positive Concatenation Structure, and a counter-example is exhibited to the claim that all Positive Concatenation Structures may be Dedekind completed.
Preservice teachers’ inquiry in a professional development school context: Implications for the practicum

Abstract Professional development school (PDS) contexts are increasingly being viewed as powerful sites for the preparation of future teachers in the USA. One of their documented strengths is in the fostering of preservice teachers’ inquiry within collaborative frameworks that result from the partnerships between university teacher education programmes and schools. This article focuses on one inquiry-based PDS programme, describes five inquiry projects carried out by interns in the programme, and presents interns’ perceptions on engaging in inquiry during their yearlong internship. The discussion that follows explores the potential of the inquiry approach in PDS contexts to reform the teacher education practicum.
Multispecific trapping techniques for exotic-pest detection

Abstract Most countries have quarantine safeguards to minimize the risk of introduction of exotic pests from other parts of the world. Pheromones are ideally suited for detecting the presence of insects at very low densities and, while they are widely used for monitoring endemic species, they are only rarely deployed for exotic-pest detection. In the U.S.A., for example, several hundred thousand pheromone-baited traps are used annually for monitoring endemic species. Methods are being developed for conducting exotic-pest surveys by incorporating attractants for exotic species into those traps already being used for monitoring purposes. While there are many potential problems of pheromone components of one species inhibiting the response of another, tests have identified numerous instances where attractants of both species can be combined into an individual trap without compromising the attraction of either target species. Such an approach enables survey personnel to conduct exotic-insect surveys without substantial additional costs from trap purchase, placement and servicing.
Windows 8 cloud storage analysis: Dropbox forensics

Cloud-based services are becoming more prevalent for businesses along with home users who are benefiting from this opportunity by automating backups, making files available online, uploading files from any computer, sharing files and photos, and so on. Generally, limited cloud storage space is available free of cost and while extended storage can be purchased at reasonable price. Evidently, this leads to importance of cloud forensics. Cloud Forensics has two main parts, forensics at cloud based resources i.e. service provider's end and forensics at Cloud user's end. The cloud user's end is generally of more interest and relevant in most of the forensic investigations as cloud based resources may be located in another geographical region considered as out of the influence of investigation team. The research work presented in this paper targets the cloud user's end and aims at finding the data remnants of cloud storage activity, specifically Dropbox on Windows 8 platform. The results of this research include identification of forensic artifacts, identification of probable information sources and deduction of information from these.
Dinitrophenol-induced efflux of sucrose from maize scutellum cells☆

Abstract Maize scutellum slices accumulated sucrose during incubation in glucose, fructose or sucrose. Sucrose was accumulated in two compartments, tentatively
Direct metal nano-patterning using embossed solid electrolyte

The recent growth in optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, nanooptics, and chemical and biological sensing has been fueled by the ability to fabricate nanostructures with ever smaller features. However, several significant constraints still remain in terms of cost, limited pattern size, processing conditions, pattern flexibility, and so on. Fabrication of features as small as 50 nm at ambient conditions with high pattern flexibility and low cost remains a serious challenge. Here we report a new solid-state electrochemical imprinting process that is carried out at ambient conditions, requires nominal pressure and very low electric potential, eliminates any liquid electrolytes, shows very high reproducibility, and promises the capability to scale up for large area patterning while retaining a significant cost advantage. Through combination of the best merits of nanoimprint lithography, micro forming, and the solid-state electrochemical imprinting technique, S4, (recently introduced by Hsu et al., Nano Lett., 2007, 7, 446; and Schultz et al., J. Vac. Sci. Techol. B, 2007, 25, 2419), we show a very high pattern flexibility to create nano-scale metallic features. As a first step, we use a micro-forming-like embossing process to engrave nano-scale features onto a solid electrolyte tool surface using an e-beam fabricated Si mold. Silver sulfide, Ag2S, is used as a solid electrolyte because of its favorable mechanical properties for micro forming and its excellent electrochemical properties. This ionic compound is ductile and has a relatively low yield stress at 80MPa. Followed by embossing, the patterned solid electrolyte surface is then used to carry out the S4 process, creating a negative image on a metallic substrate. This process eliminates the costly Focused Ion Beam milling used by Hsu et al. to create features on the electrolyte tool. It is also highly favorable for large-area patterning as well as mass-production of metallic substrates restricted only by the capability to fabricate the mold at first step. The embossed solid-electrolyte tool surface can be easily trimmed off with a microtome; the tool can then be re-used for embossing and patterning metallic substrates. Using this process we demonstrate the ability to fabricate silver nanostructures with features 30 sq. mm. Such large scale fabrication is highly desired for applications like biomimetics and patterning for superhydrophobic surfaces.
Concomitant mitral valve or atrial septal defect surgery and the modified Cox-maze procedure.

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is generally associated with rheumatic valve disease and atrial septal defects (ASD) in young adults. Surgical correction of both disorders fails to convert to sinus rhythm or prevent further episodes of paroxysmal or chronic AF in most patients. The role and efficacy of combining mitral valve surgery or ASD correction with AF surgery in this setting has not been widely addressed and remains to be established. The present study prospectively assessed the recovery of sinus rhythm, functional status, and atrial function in 21 patients (mean age 42 ± 9.2 years) who underwent a modified Cox-maze procedure concomitant with mitral valve or ASD surgery at our institution between March 1993 and February 1995. Seventeen (81%) had chronic AF, and 4 (19%) had paroxysmal AF, with a mean AF duration of 3.5 ± 3.6 years (range 0.6 to 15.3). Concomitant surgery was performed in 9 patients (42.9%) with mitral stenosis, 5 (23.8%) with mitral regurgitation, 1 (4.8%) with mitral and aortic regurgitation, and 3 (14.3%) with ASD. Eighteen patients (86%) were in New York Heart Association class II to IV before operation. Doppler echocardiography was performed in all patients before surgery, and 1 week, and 3 and 6 months after surgery in patients maintaining sinus rhythm. One parient with severe mitral stenosis and depressed ventricular function died in the immediate postoperative period. Sinus rhythm was restored in the immediate postoperative period in 7 patients (35%), and in another 10 patients (50%) before discharge (mean 5.8 ± 2 days). Overall, sinus rhythm was restored before discharge in 17 patients (85%); 3 (15%) patients required antiarrhythmic therapy. Doppler echocardiography performed 3 months after surgery documented atrial contractility (A and E waves) in 12 patients (71%). After a mean follow-up period of 8 months (range 3 to 23), 18 (90%) remained in sinus rhythm. Sinus rhythm was successfully restored and maintained in most patients with drug refractory AF undergoing a concomitant Cox-maze procedure with mitral valve or ASD surgery improving atrial function and New York Heart Association class.
Evolution of spirals during molecular beam epitaxy of GaN on 6H-SiC(0001)

Evolution of spirals during molecular beam epitaxy growth of GaN films on 6H-SiC(0001) was studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. It was found that dislocations emerge at the film surface, creating straight steps with orientation along $〈11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}00〉$ directions with a density of ${10}^{10}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ for 40-nm-thick films. During subsequent growth, these straight steps wind around dislocations and develop into spirals with a density of ${10}^{9}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ for 100-nm-thick films. The spirals can be classified into three types: single arm, interlocking double arm, and closed loop. The first two types originate from steps with one end pinned, and the third type results from steps with both ends pinned. At film thickness larger than 200 nm, these spirals further evolve into spiral mounds with a density of ${10}^{7}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}.$ Based on the Burton, Cabrera, and Frank theory, a model is proposed to explain the formation of different types of spirals and the reduction of their densities.
Association Between Cancer and Immunosuppressive Therapy—Analysis of Selected Studies in Pemphigus and Pemphigoid

Objective:To determine whether there is an association between the use of immunosuppressive agents (ISAs) and cancer in patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid—rare, potentially fatal diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, often requiring long-term use of ISAs.Data Source:Literature was accessed through PubMed (all years available), using the search terms cancer, immunosuppressive agents, pemphigoid, and pemphigus.Study Selection and Data Extraction:A retrospective review of the literature was conducted. Inclusion criteria for studies were: (1) English language, (2) diagnosis of pemphigus and/or pemphigoid based on histology and immunopathology, (3) more than 10 patients evaluated, (4) investigators had a high index of suspicion of cancer and patients were monitored for it, (5) follow-up information was provided for at least 1 year after initiation of therapy, and (6) absence of diagnosis of cancer before initiation of an ISA. Case reports were not included in the analysis.Data Synthesis:A total of 929...
Regional neuronal loss in aging and Alzheimer's disease: a brief review

Abstract It is widely recognized that regional neuronal loss occurs during normal aging and that excessive neuronal loss in specific regions is one hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Modern counting techniques have started to better define the degree of neuronal loss in aging and AD. Although there is some overlap with regions affected during aging, it is clear that Alzheimer's disease represents a specific entity. By determining the regions and types of neurons that are vulnerable we can hope to better understand the causes and processes of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease, as well as develop potential therapies.
Gel processing of electrically conductive blends of poly(3‐octylthiophene) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

The mechanical and electrical properties of solution-processed [or gel-spun] blends of poly(3-octylthiophene) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene are discussed. Tensile drawing at elevated temperatures of the phase-separated blends resulted in significant improvements of the mechanical properties, in comparison with those of the neat conducting polymer, with values of the Young's modulus reaching > 40 GPa and tensile strengths in excess of 2 GPa. Doping of the undrawn polyblend fibers with iodine vapor or FeCl3 resulted in materials of useful levels of electrical conductivity covering the full range of 10−15 to 10 S/cm. A distinct percolation threshold for electrical conductivity was not observed, even at poly(3-octylthiophene) concentrations as low as 0.5 w/w %; the electrical conductivity of the latter blend, after doping with iodine vapor, was 8 × 10−8 S/cm.
Pulmonary cineangiography in acute pulmonary embolism.

Abstract The usefulness of selective pulmonary cineangiography as a supplement to conventional pulmonary angiography was evaluated in 36 patients. In 13 of the 14 patients whose conventional angiographic results were equivocal, pulmonary cineangiography of questionable areas permitted a definitive diagnosis to be made. In 21 of the 22 patients whose conventional angiographic studies were considered definitely positive or negative, the cineangiographic results were in complete agreement. Thus, the principal value of supplemental pulmonary cineangiography is in patients whose conventional angiograms yield equivocal results. Its usefulness in this situation derives from its ability to delineate the details of flow and motion within the pulmonary vasculature.
Hyperkalaemia as a complication of ureteroileostomy: a case report and literature review

Ureteral diversion in which the ureter is implanted into either the sigmoid colon or a short loop of ileum is associated with multiple metabolic complications [1,2]. Ureterosigmoidostomy commonly leads to metabolic acidosis due to the presence of colonic anion exchange pumps that reabsorb luminal chloride as bicarbonate is secreted across the sigmoid colon. In such cases, reabsorption of urinary ammonium that contacts the sigmoid colon may also contribute to metabolic acidosis [1]. In addition, sigmoid loops usually lead to hypokalaemia due to colonic potassium secretion. However, if the intestinal conduit in contact with ureteral contents is jejunum, hyperkalaemia may occur, presumably due to absorption of urinary potassium by the jejunum. This infrequent complication of ureteral diversion has been rarely reported but should be considered in cases of hyperkalaemia in patients with ureteroiliostomies. In such cases, jejunal contact with the ureteral drainage likely is occurring and resulting in hyperkalaemia via jejunal absorption of potassium. We report an illustrative case in which enteral feeding repeatedly resulted in hyperkalaemia in a patient who underwent urinary diversion with a conduit assumed to be implanted in the low ileum.
Evidence for retinal pathology following interruption of neural regulation of choroidal blood flow: Müller cells express GFAP following lesions of the nucleus of Edinger-Westphal in pigeons.

Choroidal blood flow in pigeons is regulated by the medial part of the nucleus of Edinger-Westphal (EW) via the ipsilateral ciliary ganglion. Interruption of this circuit by unilateral lesions of EW results in pathological modifications in the morphology of retinal photoreceptors in the ipsilateral eye in pigeons housed under 12hr light (400 lux)/12hr dark conditions. In the present study, we examined the effects of unilateral EW lesions on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression by retinal Muller cells in pigeons housed under the same lighting conditions. Since Muller cells in the retina of land vertebrates express increased GFAP during conditions of retinal pathology or stress (e.g., inflammation or hypoxia), this study would enable us to further evaluate the effects of disruption in the neural regulation of choroidal blood flow on the retina. We found that following EW lesions, retinal Muller cells expressed GFAP, with the precise intracellular location of the GFAP dependent on the amount of ...
Solution to the inverse scattering problem using a modified distorted Born iterative algorithm

Presents a new distorted Born iterative algorithm for diffraction tomography which introduces kernel distortions only at carefully selected pixel locations. This algorithm attains the performance levels achieved by existing distorted Born iterative techniques, while maintaining the robustness of the Born iterative technique, especially in noisy situations. In addition, the algorithm has lower computational complexity and faster convergence rate when compared with existing distorted Born iterative algorithms. The authors present numerical simulations of the algorithm in noisy and noise-free environments. They also discuss an elementary experimental setup which is being used to validate their tomographic imaging algorithms.
Bodies at Work: Performing Service in American Restaurants

Restaurants inhabit an unusual cultural space—somewhere between the public and the private. This article is a close study of the physical and social space in one American restaurant. The author traces the pathways and openings through which workers sneak and dash to get food to the table, literally rubbing elbows with the customers who demand their attention for the night.Drawing on original ethnographic research, the article examines how workers’ bodies are displayed and marked by uniforms and how workers feel about their bodies at work. Then, building on the details of this study, the author examines the kinds of interactions that take place in restaurants in connection with how ambiance is established and maintained, the public/private transgressions that occur, and the way that both workers and customers make use of the confined, but not confining, consumable space of the restaurant.
DIFFERENTIAL DOMINANCE OF PLEIOTROPIC LOCI FOR MOUSE SKELETAL TRAITS

The term “differential dominance” describes the situation in which the dominance effects at a pleiotropic locus vary between traits. Directional selection on the phenotype can lead to balancing selection on differentially dominant pleiotropic loci. Even without any individual overdominant traits, some linear combination of traits will display overdominance at a locus displaying differential dominance. Multivariate overdominance may be responsible, in part, for high levels of heterozygosity found in natural populations. We examine differential dominance of 70 mouse skeletal traits at 92 quantitative trait loci (QTL). Our results indicate moderate to strong additive and dominance effects at pleiotropic loci, low levels of individual-trait overdominance, and universal multivariate overdominance. Multivariate overdominance affects a range of 6% to 81% of morphospace, with a mean of 32%. Multivariate overdominance tends to affect a larger percentage of morphospace at pleiotropic loci with antagonistic effects on multiple traits (42%). We conclude that multivariate overdominance is common and should be considered in models and in empirical studies of the role of genetic variation in evolvability.