cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of prostate dysplasia following transient prostatitis in C57Bl/6J mice: lack of effect of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) genotype

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 3058 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a signal transduction protein that binds 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) and mediates its effects on gene expression in various organs including prostate. We previously demonstrated that the AhR is necessary for normal prostate development and inhibits tumor formation in C57Bl/6J transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. We also observed chronic prostatitis in 500-day old C57Bl/6J mice, though the severity of lymphocyte infiltration in these prostates was not dependent on dioxin exposure. It has been postulated that chronic inflammation may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis. To investigate whether Ahr-null expression can alter the pathologic progression of inducible prostatitis, we infected 10-week old Ahr-wildtype and -null C57Bl/6J mice with uropathogenic E. coli 1677 via an intraurethral route. Prostate histopathology was evaluated 5 days and 5, 10 and 20 weeks after infection. The following histologic features were observed in both wildtype and null mice. A mild sub-acute inflammatory reaction was evident in prostates 5 days post infection. The inflammation became chronic at 5 weeks, by 10 weeks was almost gone, and by 20 weeks no inflammation was found. Mild focal epithelial hyperplasia was observed in the dorsolateral prostates and coagulating glands at 5 weeks and throughout the study. Focal epithelial hyperplasia in the infected ventral prostate (VP) also started at 5 weeks and the hyperplasia broadened and became diffuse at 20 weeks. Atypical epithelia were observed occasionally in the VP at 5 weeks. Even though no inflammation remained, the degree of dysplasia intensified until 20 weeks when focal dysplastic pockets were observed. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity was clustered with the hyperplastic/dysplastic lesions in the VP at 20 weeks. Glutathione S-transferase π 1 (GSTP1) expression was elevated in the VP 20 weeks post infection while expression of NK-3 transcription factor locus 1 (NKX3.1), phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) were decreased. These changes in gene expression mirror those seen in human prostate cancer and support a proposed prostatitis-cancer model. Even though Ahr expression did not seem to alter this prostatitis-dysplasia progression, we demonstrated that the dysplastic changes induced by prostatitis are not dependent on a persistent inflammatory reaction. Supported by NIH grants CA095751, ES01332 and DK061574.
The Frequency and Strength of Nontarget Effects of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents of Plant Pests and Weeds

In 1989, the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, which had been taken from South America and released around the world to control pestiferous Opuntia cacti on which it feeds, appeared in the Florida Keys. How it got there is uncertain. The moth was introduced into the Caribbean island of Nevis in 1957 and then moved by local authorities to other islands (Tuduri et al. 1971). It then either island hopped, as it had in Hawaii (Tuduri et al. 1971), and jumped from Cuba to the Florida Keys, or was carried inadvertently on ornamental cacti imported into Miami, Florida from pads collected in Hispaniola (Pemberton 1995). However, the moth was not noticed in Miami before it was found in the lower Keys so we tend to favor the natural dispersion explanation. The results of this invasion/introduction were rapid and serious. The moth dispersed 320 miles northward through Florida from 1989 to 1991 to reach Brevard County (Johnson and Stiling 1998). On average, from six sites throughout Florida, over 90% of Opuntia stricta plants with more than 10 pads exhibited feeding damage. In 1997 Cactoblastis was found in the Jacksonville area (Stiling, personal observation). If the moth can survive in Jacksonville, it could move across the Gulf Coast states into Texas and beyond. This prompts concern not only for native Florida cacti but also for cacti native to the rest of the North American continent (especially the Opuntia-rich desert southwest). Rare cacti may be particularly at risk. Opuntia spinosissima, whose entire U.S. population consists of 12 plants in the Florida Keys, is a preferred host of Cactoblastis larvae (Johnson and Stiling 1996). Individuals now exist inside cages designed to protect them from Cactoblastis.
Young Children's Physiological Reactivity during Memory Recall: Associations with Posttraumatic Stress and Parent Physiological Synchrony.

Autonomic reactivity is implicated in stress response and social engagement – both key components of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – but few studies have examined autonomic reactivity in pediatric samples, and no known studies have examined physiological synchrony among children with PTSD and caregivers. In a sample of 247 young children (94 girls, 153 boys), most (85%) of whom had exposure to trauma and 40% who met criteria for PTSD, we examined children’s patterns of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) at baseline and in response to a memory recall task, as well as correspondence between parents’ and children’s RSA. Children with PTSD demonstrated significantly higher reactivity than other groups during their recollection of a traumatic memory, but not during other memory tasks. Regarding synchrony, caregivers’ and children’s RSA were more significantly and positively correlated during the trauma recall task among children who had had exposure to a potentially traumatic event but did not meet PTSD criteria, suggesting physiological synchrony may be protective in contexts of trauma. Overall, findings demonstrate physiological reactivity differences among young children with PTSD. While more work is needed to understand the meaning of parent-child physiological synchrony, these data suggest that children’s psychopathology is associated with physiological synchrony processes among young children with exposure to trauma.
Children's Learning in a Mobile Media Environment: Policies, Practices, and Possibilities

Abstract This chapter examines the changing relationship children have with media as technologies become digital, portable, and widely accessible. Specifically, we consider public policies designed to protect children from harmful content, and whether they are useful to parents navigating the new media environment. Despite concerns over children's exposure to harmful content, there are many ways in which mobile media provide opportunities for connection and learning. Although much research is needed to fully understand the unique ways in which mobile media uses (such as apps) lead to different outcomes than traditional media (such as television), there is evidence of benefits such as literacy and problem-solving development. The chapter concludes with resources that we see as reflective of best learning practices and best content in the mobile media domain.
Negotiating Adoptive and Birth Shared Family Identity: A Social Identity Complexity Approach

This study focuses on communication surrounding adult adoptees’ (N = 127) adoptive identity (comprised of reflective exploration and preoccupation with adoption), shared family identification with ...
Tisseel's impact on hemostasis for 2-3 and 4-6-level lumbar laminectomies.

Background Tisseel (Baxter International Inc., Westlake Village, CA, USA), a fibrin sealant, was originally devised to strengthen repairs of spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas. Here, we evaluated how Tisseel correlated with hemostasis (e.g., defined as reduced postoperative drainage, time to drain removal, length of stay (LOS), and postoperative transfusion requirements) in 58 patients undergoing 2-3 vs. 79 patients having 4-6 level lumbar laminectomies. Methods We assessed how Tisseel correlated with hemostasis in 58 patients undergoing 2-3 level laminectomies/stenosis (with 48 herniated discs and 20 synovial cysts, 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis) vs. 79 having 4-6 level laminectomies/stenosis (with 39 lumbar discs, 45 synovial cysts, and 26 degenerative spondylolisthesis). Results Following 2-3 level laminectomies, the average drainage on postoperative day 1 was 87.26 cc, and on day 2 was 59.62 cc; most drains were removed and the majority of patients were discharged on postoperative day 2, requiring no transfusions. After 4-6 level decompressions, greater postoperative drainage was observed on postoperative days 1 (e.g., 156.63 cc), and 2 (115.8 cc), and many were continued for 3 (85.7 cc; 44 patients), and 4 postoperative days (93.6: 6 patients) respectively. Drains were typically removed and patients were discharged on postoperative days 3 and 4, with just 6 requiring transfusions. Notably, there were four CSF fistulas for patients undergoing 4-6 level laminectomies; one had a large disc hernation in conjunction with postoperative scare, while three had massive calcified synovial cysts extending to/through the dura. Conclusions Utilizing Tisseel as a hemostatic allowed us to quantitate hemostasis (the average postoperative drainage, time to drain removal, LOS, and postoperative transfusion requirements) for those undergoing 2-3 level laminectomies vs. 4-6 level procedures with large subsets also exhibiting herniated discs, synovial cysts, and degenerative spondylolisthesis.
IgG4-related disease of the mitral valve demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is known to involve the cardiovascular system as aortitis or periaortitis1; however, the number of reported valvulopathies are exceptionally rare. This case is the first with immunohistochemistry proven mitral valve involvement. A 72-year-old Korean woman with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and end-stage renal disease due to long-standing diabetes and hypertension presented to the emergency department with near-syncope and dyspnoea with exertion. Further evaluation revealed three-vessel coronary artery disease and severe mitral valve stenosis due to suspected rheumatic mitral valve disease with a mitral valve area of 0.62 cm2, peak gradient of 15.5 mm Hg and mean velocity of 136 cm/s. The patient underwent three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery and mitral valve replacement with a 27 mm pericardial bioprosthesis. Both the anterior and posterior chordae tendineae were …
Malignant Hyperthermia: Review of Diagnosis and Treatment during Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Malignant hyperthermia is a potentially life-threatening hypermetabolic disorder, often induced by exposure to volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. There are few reports of malignant hyperthermia during cardiopulmonary bypass. Here the authors review available literature including case reports of malignant hyperthermia and cardiopulmonary bypass and discuss the potential implications of malignant hyperthermia diagnosis and management as it applies to cardiac surgery.
Logic-Encrypted Synthesis for Energy-Harvesting-Powered Spintronic-Embedded Datapath Design

The objectives of advancing secure, intermittency-tolerant, and energy-aware logic datapaths are addressed herein by developing a spin-based design methodology and its corresponding synthesis steps. The approach selectively-inserts Non-Volatile (NV) Polymorphic Gates (PGs) to realize datapaths which are suitable for intrinsic operation in Energy-Harvesting-Powered (EHP) devices. Spin Hall Effect (SHE)-based Magnetic Tunnel (MTJs) are utilized to design NV-PGs, which are combined within a Flip-Flop (FF) circuit to develop a PG-FF realizing Boolean logic functions with inherent state-holding capability. The reconfigurability of PGs is leveraged for logic-encryption to enhance the security of the developed intermittency-resilient circuits, which are applied to ISCAS-89, MCNS, and ITC-99 benchmarks. The results obtained indicate that the PG-FF based design can achieve up to 7.1% and 13.6% improvements in terms of area and Power Delay Product (PDP), respectively, compared to NV-FF based methodologies that replace the CMOS-based FFs with NV-FFs. Further PDP improvements are achieved by using low-energy barrier SHE-MTJ devices within the PG-FF circuit. SHE-MTJs with 30kT energy exhibit 40.5% reduction in PDP at the cost of lower retention times in the range of minutes, which is still sufficient to achieve forward progress in EHP devices having more than hundreds of power-on and power-off cycles per minute.
Interparental Conflict and Adolescent Depressed Mood: The Role of Family Functioning

Family functioning was investigated as a mediator between interparental conflict and adolescent depressed mood among adolescents living in two-parent and divorced families. Data were collected three times, with one year intervals. At the initial interview, adolescents were, on the average, 15.5 years old. Two types of interparental conflict were assessed: interparental conflict involving arguments about the adolescent, and arguments focused on the parents' behaviors. The results confirmed that family functioning mediated the effects of parent issue/interparental conflict, but not adolescent issue/interparental conflict. This was most evident for girls than boys. Implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.
Determination of the metabolic origin of the sulfur atom in thiamin of Escherichiacoli by mass spectrometry

In this study cells were grown in 34S-sulfate or L-[sulfane-34S]thiocystine, and the effects of unlabeled methionine and cystine on incorporation of sulfur into methionine, cystine and thiamin were determined. Unlabeled methionine effectively suppresses the incorporation of 34S into methionine but not into cysteine or thiamin. In contrast, cystine blocks incorporation of 34S only to approximately the relative ratio of 32S to 34S indicating, that cysteine is closely related to the origin of the sulfur in thiamin, and therefore the sulfane sulfur of thiocystine is also an effective source of the thiamin sulfur.
Education and the Risk Society

This collection of essays explores the concept of risk in both theory and practice as it is actualized in and through the broad lens of education. Our main argument holds that analyzing risks through multiple perspectives on risk itself and on education is crucial for a rich elucidation of the enactment of risk. The topic of risk has gained much prominence in contemporary social science theory, particularly within European sociology. While varying epistemological stances interpret and position conceptions of risk theory quite differently—as will be described later in this chapter—there is no question that the multifaceted nature of risk has mobilized a set of linguistic repertoires, everyday understandings, and government policies which have altered the patterns of social relationships and provided a powerful standpoint from which to examine contemporary societal change.
Abstract 3136: Lipid-Lowering Medication Modifies The Gene-Diet Association Between 5-Lipoxygenase Promoter Polymorphisms And Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis

Background: 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid (Ara), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Previous studies suggest that polymorphisms in the number of tandem Sp1 binding sites in the promoter of the 5-LOX gene may have an atherogenic effect due to a heightened inflammatory state when dietary Ara is high and dietary long-chain n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, plus docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) are low. Methods: We determined 5-LOX genotypes in 1,663 adults participating in one of five randomized controlled atherosclerosis trials using carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) as the outcome. Baseline data on participant characteristics and clinic and laboratory measurements, including fasting lipids and CIMT, were obtained using the same methods in all trials. Diet was measured using 3-day records and intake of each PUFA was categorized as above or below the median. We used linear regression to examine the cross-sectional associations between 5-LOX genotype, dietary PUFAs, and CIMT. Results: Alleles were classified as wild-type (W, with 5 repeats), deletion (D, with 2– 4 repeats), or addition (A, with 6–9 repeats). The frequencies of the six genotypes were: 60.6% WW, 27.1% WD, 4.9% WA, 4.9% DD, 2.2% DA, and 0.4% AA. Among participants using lipid-lowering medication, mean CIMT was significantly elevated by 79.1 μm (95% CI = 5.3–152.9) in DD individuals compared to WW individuals after adjustment for sex, race, age, trial, and BMI >25 kg/m 2 . High dietary EPA+DHA blunted the gene-CIMT association (p for interaction = 0.007). In contrast, DD genotype was not associated with CIMT among non-users of lipid-lowering medication. Conclusion: The atherogenic effect of the shorter promoter alleles is modulated by dietary intake, especially in individuals using lipid-lowering medication, indicating a complex mechanism involving both inflammation and lipids.
Distributions; General Properties

In functional analysis and its applications to physics, it is desirable to generalize the classical notion of function in the manner suggested by Dirac and carried out by Laurent Schwartz in his theory of “distributions” (called “generalized functions” by the Russian authors). In the presentation given here, in this chapter and the next few, I take the attitude that distribution theory is basically elementary and branches off from the classical development at the level of advanced calculus. The entire presentation is based on the Riemann integral, and the close relation between distributions and ordinary functions is stressed. From this point of view, L 2 spaces and their application to differential operators are also elementary, when based on distribution theory, and are so treated in Chapters 5, 6, 7, 10, and 11.
Identifying and Mitigating Charge Instabilities in Shallow Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers

The charge degree of freedom in solid-state defects fundamentally underpins the electronic spin degree of freedom, a workhorse of quantum technologies. Here we measure, analyze, and control charge-state behavior in individual near-surface nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, where ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ hosts the metrologically relevant electron spin. We find that ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ initialization fidelity varies between individual centers and over time; we alleviate the deleterious effects of reduced ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ initialization fidelity via logic-based initialization. Importantly, we also show that ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ can ionize in the dark on experimentally relevant timescales, and we introduce measurement protocols that mitigate the compromising effects of charge conversion on spin measurements. We identify tunneling to a single local electron trap as the mechanism for ionization in the dark, and we develop novel NV-assisted techniques to control and read out the trap charge state. Our understanding and command of the NV's local electrostatic environment will simultaneously guide materials design and provide unique functionalities with NV centers.
The Bargaining Performative and Awakening Potential of Foodways in Bob Giraldi's Dinner Rush

Abstract:Bob Giraldi's Dinner Rush (2000) is a film that addresses a variety of social issues reflective of the Italian American experience. Although little academic attention has been afforded this film, it truly speaks to an Italian American audience on a critical scale. Even though some critics may consider it part of the gangster genre, this article examines the film through both film and foodways theories. This contribution will analyze the use of food as it functions as collateral, as character, and as aphrodisiac. Through these three lenses, foodways demonstrates a politics of representation, one which breaks away from the stereotypical Italian American mafia film.
Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Intermittent Physical Activity on Blood Pressure in Preadolescent Children.

Purpose: To compare the acute effects of intermittent physical activity (PA) across 4 different intensities on blood pressure. Methods: Thirty children (12 males and 18 females; aged 7–11 y; 33% ov...
The Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D and Its Risk Factors in Pregnant Women and Their Newborns in the Middle East: A Systematic Review

Background: Pregnant women and newborns are at risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Also, poor health outcomes for pregnant women with VDD are reported in the published literature. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and the associated risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in Middle Eastern pregnant women and their newborns. Materials and Methods: The international electronic databases PubMed and Scopus for the years 2000-2017 were utilized to identify studies of vitamin D status for pregnant women and newborns in the Middle East. Of the 1,785 reports identified, 1,734 met exclusion criteria and 51 studies were included for this review. Results: The prevalence of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 50 nmol/L as a marker of vitamin D status in pregnant women and their newborns was between 24.5-98% and 22-100%, respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH) D < 25 nmol/L in pregnant women and their newborns was over a wide range between 16.7-80% and 22- 82%, respectively. Predictors for low maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations included decreased vitamin D synthesis due to reduced exposure to sunlight and decreased nutritional intake of vitamin D. A predictor of low neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations included maternal vitamin D status and the correlation between vitamin D concentrations in maternal and cord blood. Conclusion: The high prevalence of VDD in the pregnant women of the Middle East underscores the necessity of implementing national prevention and intervention strategies. A clear policy for clinicians and healthcare workers is needed for screening and maintaining sufficient vitamin D status during pregnancy. Key words: Vitamin D, Pregnancy, Newborns, Cord blood, Middle East.
Administration of Tranexamic Acid Improves Long-Term Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Blood transfusion in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with increased morbidity, including periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces blood transfusion rates, but there is limited evidence demonstrating improved outcomes in TKA resulting from TXA administration. The objectives of this study are determining whether TXA is associated with decreased rate of PJI, decreased rate of outcomes associated with PJI, and whether there are differences in rates of adverse events. Methods A multicenter cohort study comprising 23,421 TKA compared 4423 patients receiving TXA to 18,998 patients not receiving TXA. Primary outcome was PJI within 2 years of TKA. Secondary outcomes included revision surgery, irrigation and debridement, transfusion, and length of stay. Adverse events included readmission, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Adjusted odds ratios were determined using linear mixed models controlling for age, sex, thromboembolic prophylaxis, Charlson comorbidity index, year of TKA, and surgeon. Results TXA administration reduced incidence of PJI by approximately 50% (odds ratio [OR], 0.55; P = .03). Additionally, there was decreased incidence of revision surgery at 2 years (OR, 0.66; P = .02). Patients receiving TXA had reductions in transfusion rate (OR, 0.15; P Conclusion Administration of TXA in TKA resulted in reduced rate of PJI and overall revision surgery. No difference in thromboembolic events were observed. The use of TXA is safe and improves outcomes in TKA. Level of Evidence Level III, Observational Cohort Study.
Chapter 37 – Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare disorder characterized by exuberant cutaneous papillomavirus infection that can lead to squamous cell carcinomas. There are multiple genetic types of EV, and multiple phenotypes. At the time of diagnosis, most patients are typically infected with multiple types of papillomavirus, including both common viral serotypes as well as those more specific to EV. The infection can be extensive already at the time of diagnosis. Human papillomavirus strains (EV-HPVs) that infect patients with EV are often not infectious for other humans. Although infection with diverse papilloma viruses is common in EV, HPV5 and HPV8 are more commonly associated with squamous cell carcinomas.
War, Social Causes and Consequences

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, War, Sociology of, volume 24, pp. 16363–16367, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Which waters hydrate best? A study using brine-shrimp cysts (Artemia franciscana)

Abstract Hydration plays a particularly important role in health maintenance and general well-being. A wide assortment of drinking waters are currently available on the market. However, their ability to hydrate may vary. For studying hydration, a useful organism may be the cysts of brine shrimp. Those cysts may remain dehydrated and functionless for years, but regain function once hydrated. In this study, we first determined the optimal factors for assessing hydration in the brine-shrimp model, including aeration method and flow rate, salinity, and temperature. Various kinds of water, including tap water, bottled water, and water containing health-promoting agents, were tested by using this new method to evaluate their ability to hydrate. Tap water showed weak hydration, while some bottled waters (e.g., Kirkland Signature Purified Water) hydrated more effectively. Mineral water, such as Fiji water, was found to be a desirable option to maintain adequate and lasting hydration. Graphic abstract
Children approve of lying to benefit another person’s reputation

Abstract This study investigated how children reason about true or false statements that are meant to damage or enhance the reputation of a third party. Six- to 12-year-old participants in South Korea (total N = 89) responded to a series of four scenarios in which one child, the evaluator, describes seeing a public performance that featured a second child who is new to the classroom. The scenarios were a factorial combination of the actual quality of the performance (good, bad) by the evaluator’s public assessment of it (good, bad). The evaluator who offered a false but positive performance assessment was rated by participants as trustworthy and likeable, and judged to have made the morally correct choice. In contrast, the evaluator who offered a truthful but negative performance assessment was rated negatively. The findings suggest that children tend to have a favorable view of efforts to promote the reputation of others, even if it involves telling a lie.
Immigrants and the Affordable Care Act: Changes in Coverage and Access to Care by Documentation Status

Little is known about the effects of the ACA's coverage expansion among immigrant groups of differing immigration status. Using data from the California Health Interview Survey (2003-2016), we compare changes in health coverage and access to care among immigrants in California before and after implementation of the ACA. We find that the ACA has led to major gains in coverage for lawful permanent residents in California, similar in scope to changes among citizens. However, unauthorized immigrants have experienced only modest increases in coverage, with the result disparity in uninsured rates for this group relative to citizens and permanent residents widening considerably since 2014. Findings indicate a significant increase in having a usual source of care across all groups, but without a significant change in disparities for this outcome. Our results have important implications for the intersection of health policy, immigration, and health equity.
Recommendations with Feedback

We investigate the strategic role of a recommender who cares about accuracy and whose recommendations influence product quality. In the presence of such feedback effects, recommendations have a self-fulling property: the recommendation agent can select any firm which will end up being the firm with the best quality. Recommendations can lead to significant inefficiencies which include: i) a lack of incentive to acquire valuable information, ii) a status quo bias, and iii) the avoidance of risky innovations. Direct monetary payments from firms may work in mitigating these inefficiencies, while competition between recommenders and monetary transfers from consumers are ineffective.
Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Lung Metastases Treated With Ablative Radiotherapy in the Modern Era.

Purpose/Objective(s) Metastasis-directed radiotherapy (RT) may improve disease free and overall survival (OS) in select patients with lung metastases (LM). Long-term toxicity and cancer outcome data in patients with LM treated with ablative RT is limited, particularly in patients treated concurrently with novel systemic therapies. This is a retrospective, multi-hospital analysis of ablative RT for LM. Materials/Methods From 2015-2020, 343 LM-directed ablative RT treatment courses were delivered in 301 patients. Second primary lung cancers and non-parenchymal lesions were excluded. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, and local progression (LP) was determined by evaluation of serial CT and/or PET scans. Univariate associations of clinical and radiographic parameters with clinical outcomes were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. Acute and late adverse events (AEs) were defined using CTCAE v.4.0. Results Median age was 64 years with 51% of patients being female. Median lesion size was 1.6 cm (range 0.3-9.4 cm). Seventy-four (22%) courses involved treatment of > 1 LM. Most common primary tumor histologies included melanoma (18%), colorectal adenocarcinoma (15%), urothelial/renal cell carcinoma (11%), and sarcoma (9%). Median physical dose was 5000 cGy. Median number of fractions delivered was 5, and 27 (8%) courses were > 5 fractions. Concurrent systemic therapies included immuno-, targeted, hormone, and cytotoxic therapy in 16%, 8%, 2%, and 1% of courses, respectively. Treatment to prior lung LM included surgery, RT, and ablation in 25%, 22%, and 2% of courses, respectively. With a median follow-up of 2.8 years, median and 5-year estimated OS were 3.0 years and 43% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34-52%), respectively. Factors associated with shorter OS included larger lesion size (P 2 LM (P = 0.016; HR 1.6), and > 5 fraction treatment (P = 0.024; HR 2.0). Fifteen patients experienced LP with a 5-year estimated cumulative incidence of 5.7% (95% CI 3.4-9.3%). Factors associated with increased risk of LP included larger lesion size (P = 0.004; HR 1.4 per cm), > 5 fraction treatment (P = 0.040; HR 3.8), and colorectal histology (P = 0.011; HR 3.9). Acute and late grade 2-3 AEs were 13% and 5%, respectively. There were no grade 4+ AEs. Increased toxicity was associated with larger size (P = 0.007; odds ratio 1.3 per cm) but not concurrent systemic therapy (P = 0.546) or prior treatment to other LM (P = 0.694). Conclusion These data confirm the efficacy and safety of ablative RT for LM in well-selected patients. 5-year OS and LP were 43% and 6%, respectively. AEs were infrequent, even in the setting of 24% of courses delivered concurrently with systemic therapy and 40% of courses delivered subsequent to other local therapies for LM. Given the excellent OS, these data are suggestive of improved local control as a factor for improved OS.
Effects of Patient Centered Interventions on Persistent Urinary Incontinence after Prostate Cancer Treatment: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Purpose: We examined whether an intervention combining pelvic floor muscle exercise and symptom self-management would improve urinary continence and quality of life in patients with prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: In a randomized, controlled, longitudinal clinical trial 279 patients with prostate cancer with persistent urinary incontinence were randomized to 1 of 3 groups, including biofeedback pelvic floor muscle exercise plus a support group, the biofeedback exercise plus telephone contact and usual care without intervention. The biofeedback plus support and plus telephone groups received 1 session of biofeedback assisted exercise and 6 biweekly sessions of problem solving therapy. This delivered symptom management skills through a peer support group or telephone contacts for 3 months. All subjects were assessed in blinded fashion at baseline, and 3 and 6 months for urinary leakage frequency, leakage amount and disease specific quality of life.Results: A total of 244 subjects completed the study....
Morphogenesis of the silkmoth chorion: Patterns of distribution and insolubilization of the structural proteins

Abstract The morphogenesis of the silkmoth eggshell (chorion) is a complex process of extracellular distribution and insolubilization of secreted proteins. At various stages during chorion development, the secreted proteins establish a structural framework, permeate into the interstices of that framework, or are deposited superficially, immediately adjacent to the secretory cell surface. Secreted proteins rapidly reach their respective extracellular sites. However, insolubilization of the proteins occurs slowly and can be divided into two major sequential processes: fixation (development of resistance to extraction; chorion solubilized with difficulty in water or SDS in the absence of a reductant) and cementing (development of total resistance to extraction; chorion solubilized only once reduced). Certain chorion proteins exhibit unusual susceptibility to extraction.
VIBRATIONALLY HIGHLY EXCITED MOLECULES AND INTRAMOLECULAR MODE COUPLING THROUGH HIGH OVERTONE SPECTROSCOPY

High overtone spectra of organic molecules can be interpreted using the local mode model for absorptions by the inequivalent C-H bonds. The spectra can be assigned using either observed C-H bond lengths or “isolated” fundamental frequencies. The spectra of trihalomethanes indicate that the dominant intramolecular mode coupling for the C-H stretching overtones is Fermi resonance with combination states with one less C-H stretching quantum plus two quanta of the C-H bending vibrations.
The Neural Basis for Aging Effects on Language

Normal aging during adulthood is associated with general declines in a number of cognitive functions, for example, episodic memory, working memory, and attention, and there is considerable research on the neural basis for these declines (for review see Dennis & Cabeza, 2008; Grady, 2008; Madden, Bennett, & Song, 2009; Raz, 2000). There has been, however, relatively little investigation of age-related neural changes relevant to language, perhaps because of the pervasive belief that language functions show little decline with aging, except when secondary to age-related reduction of visual perceptual processing or working memory (e.g., Daselaar, Browndyke, & Cabeza, 2006; Dennis & Cabeza, 2008). Although language performance appears relatively resilient to aging effects, closer analysis demonstrates a pattern of aging effects on some aspects of language and not others: comprehension is relatively well maintained through adulthood, especially the semantic processing of language, whereas language production shows marked age-related declines, specifically in phonological retrieval (Burke & MacKay, 1997; Burke & Shafto, 2008; Thornton & Light, 2006). Indeed, word-finding failures are a source of concern to older adults who rank them as their most frequent (Sunderland, Watts, Baddeley, & Harris, 1986) and their most annoying and embarrassing cognitive failure (Lovelace & Twohig, 1990). In this chapter, we evaluate whether or not research on aging-related changes in the brain can explain why aging affects one behavioral component of language processing and not another. We review evidence for the behavioral dissociation in aging effects on semantic and phonological retrieval processes and then consider research that might link this dissociation to an asymmetry in how the brain ages. Thus, language provides a promising approach for examining the neurobiological
Construction of yeast surface-displayed cDNA libraries

Using yeast display, heterologous protein fragments can be efficiently displayed at high copy levels on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. Yeast display can be used to screen large expressed protein libraries for proteins or protein fragments with specific binding properties. Recently, yeast surface-displayed cDNA libraries have been constructed and used to identify proteins that bind to various target molecules such as peptides, small molecules, and antibodies. Because yeast protein expression pathways are similar to those found in mammalian cells, human protein fragments displayed on the yeast cell wall are likely to be properly folded and functional. Coupled with fluorescence-activated cell sorting, yeast surface-displayed cDNA libraries potentially allow the selection of protein fragments or domains with affinity for any soluble molecule that can be fluorescently detected. In this report, we describe protocols for the construction and validation of yeast surface-displayed cDNA libraries using preexisting yeast two-hybrid cDNA libraries as a starting point.
Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with regional lymph node involvement treated by cystectomy: Clinicopathologic features associated with outcome

BACKGROUND Patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder metastatic to regional lymph nodes (LN) typically have a poor prognosis. However, some patients are cured by radical cystectomy alone. The goal of this study was to identify predictors of survival in this cohort. METHODS The authors identified 154 patients with TCC metastatic to regional LNs treated by cystectomy between 1970 and 1998. Clinical characteristics collected included age, gender, and preoperative computed tomographic or magnetic resonance image scan findings, as well as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy. Pathologic features evaluated included multifocality, size, pathologic stage, grade, and margin status of the primary tumor, as well as the number, location, and bilaterality of the positive LNs. Capsular penetration, greatest linear extent, and surface area of the largest metastatic LN deposit were also recorded. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate survival rates. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of outcome. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 4.5 years (range, 0.1–13.9 years). In a multivariate setting, only adjuvant chemotherapy and the number of positive LNs were associated significantly with death from TCC. Patients treated adjuvantly with chemotherapy were 2.1 times less likely to die of their disease (P = 0.005). Each increase in one positive LN increased the risk of death from TCC by 20% (P < 0.001). Recursive partitioning indicated that the optimal cutoff point to predict death from TCC was five or more positive LNs. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant chemotherapy and the number of positive LNs were associated significantly with death from TCC. Cancer 2003;10:2425–31. © 2003 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11370
PRÁTICA DO PROCESSO PSICOLÓGICO BÁSICO ATENÇÃO EM JOVENS DA COMUNIDADE

O presente trabalho aborda o tema atencao, processo psicologicos basico que esta presente na vida cotidiana das pessoas, que recebem estimulos diversos que exigem uma resposta, por vezes imediata. A atencao se relaciona intimamente com outros processos psicologicos como memoria, aprendizagem, resolucao de problemas e acontece quando entre varios estimulos sensoriais, um e selecionado. Este artigo aborda a compreensao deste processo essencial e a pratica na investigacao da atencao por meio de teste psicologico em jovens da comunidade da regiao metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS.
Accuracy of round meter gates for on-farm deliveries.

AbstractRecent California legislation requires irrigation water agencies larger than 25,000 acres to measure volumetric water deliveries within specified levels of relative uncertainty. Although th...
Conflict and Commensuration: Contested Market Making in India's Private Real Estate Development Sector

Newly constructed high-rise housing and malls, soaring land prices and violent confrontations over land testify to the massive urban transformations underway in India today. Having secured an expanded role in urban development from the state, the private sector helps to shape urban restructuring; however, few scholars have studied private real estate development in India or revealed the factions that underlie an analytically unitary ‘private sector’. This article sheds light on private sector real estate industry members' efforts to develop an internationally familiar real estate market in India. Foreign investors and consultants have been collaborating with Indian real estate developers, who are now active intermediaries in the flow of capital into India. Drawing on participant observation and data from interviews, this article finds, however, that foreign financiers and Indian developers struggle to form partnerships on account of differences on issues like land valuation. The outcome of such conflicts will define the contours of Indian real estate development and its integration with international markets in the future.
A New Model for Identifying Basis in Life Insurance Policies: Implementation and Deference

The life insurance marketplace has changed significantly. Many insureds who once held their policy until death or surrendered it to the issuing company during life now instead sell it to a third-party investor. As a result, the computation of a policy's tax basis has become increasingly important. Yet, surprisingly, the Code fails to provide a methodology for making this determination. The IRS has endorsed one approach in its published guidance but has failed to adhere to it in its private letter rulings. This paper calls for a new model. After suggesting legislation, the paper explores alternative implementation strategies against the backdrop of deference jurisprudence. It concludes that, absent legislation, the IRS should withdraw its published guidance and incorporate the proposed model in regulations.
Impact of the Minimum Wage on Youth Labor Markets

We study the effect of the minimum wage on labor market outcomes for young workers using US county-level panel data from the first quarter of 2000 to the first quarter of 2009. We go beyond the usual estimates of earnings and employment effects to consider how differences across states in the minimum wage affect worker turnover via separations and accessions and job turnover through new job creation and job losses. We find that a higher minimum wage level is associated with higher earnings, lower employment and reduced worker turnover for those in the 14–18 age group. For workers aged 19–21 and 22–24, we find less consistent evidence of minimum wage effects on earnings and employment. But, even for these age groups, a higher minimum wage is found to reduce accessions, separations and the turnover rate.
Semiautomatic medical image segmentation using knowledge of anatomic shape

A program called SCANNER (version 0.6) is described for performing 2-D interactive medical image segmentation using knowledge of anatomic shape. The knowledge is implemented in a radial contour model, which is a flexible, generic model that can accurately deform to fit the data, but which also encodes the expected shape and range of variation for a 2-D contour shape class. The model, which can describe contours that are single-valued distortions of a circle, is learned from training sets of similarly-shaped contours. Variation in the learned model allows it to provide search regions for low level edge detectors, thereby reducing the incidence of false edges. Initial evaluation of this system was performed for structures seen in 111 2-D CT images from 12 patients undergoing radiation treatment planning for cancer. The results suggest that the model is able to capture the cross-sectional expected shape and range of variation for several clinically-important structures (the liver, kidney, eye, and some tumors), that the knowledge-based approach should reduce the segmentation time over current manual methods by a factor between two and ten, and that the usefulness of the model decreases as variability of the structure increases.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Metaphors of female political ideology: The cases of Chile and Argentina☆

Abstract During the years of authoritarian regimes in several countries of Latin America, women's political participation against these governments has had a distinctive political imagination—a female political imagination that uses scarfs, photographs tied to the bodies of the participants, white handkerchiefs and flowers among other symbolic objects. This paper will study the metaphors of female political ideology in two countries of the Southern Cone: Argentina and the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo and in Chile Women for life.
Analytical method to identify the number of containers to inspect at U.S. ports to deter terrorist attacks

In this paper, we investigate how many containers would need to be screened in order to deter attackers from attempting to smuggle weapons into a defending country in container freight. We hypothesize that with a sufficiently high probability of being detected, attackers might be deterred from smuggling attempts. Thus, our goal is to identify the optimal proportion of containers to inspect in order to minimize the defender’s expected loss, using game theory to reflect the fact that attackers are simultaneously trying to maximize their expected rewards. Moreover, our model recognizes that the container-screening policy must simultaneously protect against different types of threats (such as nuclear bombs, dirty bombs, and assault rifles). Finally, our model also suggests that threatening to retaliate against attacks may be beneficial to defenders, as long as the threat is credible.
Asymmetric [4 + 3] Cycloadditions between Vinylcarbenoids and Dienes: Application to the Total Synthesis of the Natural Product (−)-5-epi-Vibsanin E

The total synthesis of (−)-5-epi-vibsanin E (2) has been achieved in 18 steps. The synthesis combines the rhodium-catalyzed [4 + 3] cycloaddition between a vinylcarbenoid and a diene to rapidly generate the tricyclic core with an effective end game strategy to introduce the remaining side-chains. The [4 + 3] cycloaddition occurs by a cyclopropanation to form a divinylcyclopropane followed by a Cope rearrangement to form a cycloheptadiene. The quaternary stereogenic center generated in the process can be obtained with high asymmetric induction when the reaction is catalyzed by the chiral dirhodium complex, Rh2(S-PTAD)4.