cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changing Minds: Proselytism, Religious Freedom, and the First Amendment

Proselytism is, as Paul Griffiths has observed, a topic enjoying renewed attention in recent years. What's more, the practice, aims, and effects of proselytism are increasingly framed not merely in terms of piety and zeal; they are seen as matters of geopolitical, cultural, and national-security significance as well. Indeed, it is fair to say that one of today's more pressing challenges is the conceptual and practical tangle of religious liberty, free expression, cultural integrity, and political stability. This essay is an effort to unravel that tangle by drawing on the religious-freedom-related work and teaching of the late Pope John Paul II and on a salient theme in the law interpreting the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment. Running through and shaping our First Amendment doctrines, precedents, and values is a solicitude for changing minds - our own, as well as others'. Put differently, the Amendment is understood as protecting and celebrating not just expression but persuasion - or, if you like, proselytism. There are, therefore, reasons grounded in our Constitution and traditions for regarding proselytism and its legal protection not as threats to the common good and the freedom of conscience, but instead as integral to the flourishing and good exercise of that freedom. This same solicitude for persuasion and freedom pervades the writing of Pope John Paul II, who regularly insisted that the Church's evangelical mission does not restrict freedom but rather promotes it. The Church proposes - thereby inviting the exercise of human freedom - she imposes nothing. The claim here, then, is that proposing, persuading, proselytizing, and evangelizing are at the heart of, and need not undermine, not only the freedoms protected by the Constitution, but also those that are inherent in our dignity as human persons.
REVISITING CURRENT EVENTS: OLD IDEAS TO ADDRESS CURRENT CHALLENGES

The teaching of current events has always been an important part of the social studies curriculum; however, with new pressures being placed on social studies teachers and an already packed social studies curriculum, a review of the teaching current events may be helpful. Should social studies teachers still try to address current events, and if so, what is the best approach to doing so? In the following article, I will make the case that the answer to the first question is a definite, “yes, but . . .”, and after providing a rationale for why the teaching of current should remain, I will provide recommendations on how it “should” be done.
A Deep Belief Network for Classifying Remotely-Sensed Hyperspectral Data

Improving the classification accuracy of remotely sensed data is of paramount interest for science and defense applications. In this paper, we investigate deep learning architectures (DLAs), whose popularity has grown recently due to the discovery of efficient algorithms to train them, one of which, unsupervised pre-training, seeks to initialize the learned model in a way that greatly encourages efficient supervised learning. We propose a structure for a DLA, the deep belief network (DBN), suitable for the classification of remotely-sensed hyperspectral data. To arrive at this structure, we first study the role of the DBN’s width and the duration of pre-training in the learning of features used for the multiclass discrimination of spectral data. We then study the effect of exploiting joint spectral-spatial information. The support vector machine (SVM) is used as a baseline to determine that the proposed method is feasible, offering consistently high classification accuracies in comparison.
Kangaroo Care (Skin-to-Skin) for Clustered Pain Procedures: Case Study

Background: Pain management for term newborns undergoing clustered painful procedures has not been tested. Kangaroo Care (chest-to-chest, skin-to-skin position of infant on mother) effectively reduces pain of single procedures, but its effect on pain from clustered procedures is not known. Aim: The aim was to test Kangaroo Care’s effect on pain in one term infant who received clustered painful procedures while determining feasibility of the Kangaroo Care intervention. Design, Setting, and Participant: A case study design was used with one healthy term newborn who received two heel sticks and one injection in one session in the mother’s postpartum room. Method: Heart rate and oxygen saturation (recorded from Massimo Pulse Oximeter every 30 seconds), crying time (total seconds of crying on videotape) and behavioral state (using Anderson Behavioral State Scoring system every 30 seconds) were measured before (5 minutes), during (10.5 minutes) and after (30 minutes) the three clustered painful procedures in a newborn who was in Kangaroo Care during all observations. One staff nurse administered the clustered procedures. Results: Heart rate increased sequentially with each heelstick, oxygen saturation remained unchanged, sleep predominated, and crying was minimal throughout the procedures. Conclusion: Kangaroo Care appeared to reduce pain from clustered painful procedures and can be further tested.
Utility of spore length/width ratio in separating Geopora cooperi form cooperi and G. cooperi f. gilkeyae

(1992). Utility of Spore Length/Width Ratio in Separating Geopora Cooperi form Cooperi and G. Cooperi F. Gilkeyae. Mycologia: Vol. 84, No. 1, pp. 124-127.
Laboratory Aspects of Infant Botulism in California

Infant botulism is the newly recognized form of the disease in which illness results from the production of toxin in the infant's intestines. Between the recognition of infant botulism as a distinct clinical entity in 1976 and the end of 1978, 50 cases were identified in California. The diagnosis of botulism was established by the identification of botulinal toxin in and the isolation of Clostridium botulinum from stool specimens of the affected infants. Thirty cases were type A and 20 were type B. Fecal excretion of toxin and organisms was monitored during hospitalization and after discharge from the hospital. Stools from family members and from 160 age-matched control infants did not contain botulinal toxin. A total of 396 food and drug samples, as well as 159 environmental and miscellaneous items, were examined. None of the foods or drugs tested contained preformed toxin. However, C. botulinum organisms were isolated from the nine samples of honey, five of soil, and one of vacuum cleaner dust.
Relative energies and geometries of the cis- and trans-HO3 radicals from the parametric 2-electron density matrix method.

The parametric 2-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) method employing the M functional [Mazziotti, D. A.Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 253002], also known as the 2-RDM(M) method, improves on the accuracy of coupled electron-pair theories including coupled cluster with single–double excitations at the computational cost of configuration interaction with single–double excitations. The cis- and trans-HO3 isomers along with their isomerization transition state were examined using the recent extension of 2-RDM(M) to nonsinglet open-shell states [Schwerdtfeger, C. A.; Mazziotti, D. A.J. Chem. Phys. 2012, 137, 034107] and several coupled cluster methods. We report the calculated energies, geometries, natural-orbital occupation numbers, and reaction barriers for the HO3 isomers. We find that the 2-RDM(M) method predicts that the trans isomer of HO3 is lower in energy than the cis isomer by 1.71 kcal/mol in the correlation-consistent polarized valence quadruple-ζ (cc-pVQZ) basis set and 1.84 kcal/mol in the augme...
Role of PKC, tyrosine kinases, and Rho kinase in α-adrenoreceptor-mediated PASM contraction

Our objectives were to identify the relative contributions of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle (PASM) contracti...
Atypical antipsychotic drugs as a first-line treatment of schizophrenia: a rationale and hypothesis

Clozapine represented the first significant advance in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia since the introduction of conventional antipsychotic drugs in the 1950's. Despite its superior efficacy and potential to reduce substantially the morbidity of schizophrenia and improve the outcomes, of patients, clozapine has not been used on a widespread basis or as a first-line treatment due to its potential for agranulocytosis. With the introduction of risperidone and the imminent prospect of other atypical antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine, sertindole, quetiapine, ziprasidone), clinicians may be able to improve dramatically the methods and manner in which they treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. If we accept the premise that atypical antipsychotic drug provide superior efficacy, reduced side effects, and the prospect of better compliance, their greatest impact may be when used in patients at the beginning of their illness. The following article provides a rationale and hypothesis for the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs as a first-line treatment of schizophrenia.
Adaptive multi-task sparse learning with an application to fMRI study

In this paper, we consider the multi-task sparse learning problem under the assumption that the dimensionality diverges with the sample size. The traditional l1/l2 multi-task lasso does not enjoy the oracle property unless a rather strong condition is enforced. Inspired by adaptive lasso, we propose a multi-stage procedure, adaptive multi-task lasso, to simultaneously conduct model estimation and variable selection across different tasks. Motivated by adaptive elastic-net, we further propose the adaptive multi-task elastic-net by adding another quadratic penalty to address the problem of collinearity. When the number of tasks is fixed, under weak assumptions, we establish the asymptotic oracle property for the proposed adaptive multi-task sparse learning methods including both adaptive multitask lasso and elastic-net. In addition to the desirable asymptotic property, we show by simulations that adaptive sparse learning methods also achieve much improved finite sample performance. As a case study, we apply adaptive multi-task elastic-net to a cognitive science problem, where one wants to discover a compact semantic basis for predicting fMRI images. We show that adaptive multi-task sparse learning methods achieve superior performance and provide some insights into how the brain represents meanings of words.
Tea flavonoids for bone health: from animals to humans

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by a deterioration of bone mass and bone quality that predisposes an individual to a higher risk of fragility fractures. Emerging evidence has shown that the risk for low bone mass and osteoporosis-related fractures can be reduced by nutritional approaches aiming to improve bone microstructure, bone mineral density, and strength. Tea and its flavonoids, especially those of black tea and green tea, have been suggested to protect against bone loss and to reduce risk of fracture, due to tea's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on the results of animal studies, moderate intake of tea has shown to benefit bone health as shown by mitigation of bone loss and microstructural deterioration as well as improvement of bone strength and quality. Epidemiological studies have reported positive, insignificant, and negative impacts on bone mineral density at multiple skeletal sites and risk of fracture in humans with habitual tea consumption. There are limited human clinical trials that objectively and quantitatively assessed tea consumption and bone efficacy using validated outcome measures in a population at high risk for osteoporosis, along with safety monitoring approach. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of laboratory animal research, epidemiological observational studies, and clinical trials assessing the skeletal effects of tea and its active flavonoids, along with discussion of relevant future directions in translational research.
Evaluating Storage Carryover in the Weber River Basin Using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) System

In this case study activity, students will use the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system to simulate and determine appropriate reservoir carryover storage policies in the Weber River Basin, Utah. Specifically, students will (i) enter demand and reservoir data to complete a WEAP systems model for the Weber River Basin, (ii) specify several scenarios representing different reservoir storage and release policies, (iii) simulate the effects of the different policies, and (iv) identify the resulting reservoir storages and allocation of shortages to water demand sites.
QM/MM Analysis of Transition States and Transition State Analogues in Metalloenzymes

Enzymology is approaching an era where many problems can benefit from computational studies. While ample challenges remain in quantitatively predicting behavior for many enzyme systems, the insights that often come from computations are an important asset for the enzymology community. Here we provide a primer for enzymologists on the types of calculations that are most useful for mechanistic problems in enzymology. In particular, we emphasize the integration of models that range from small active-site motifs to fully solvated enzyme systems for cross-validation and dissection of specific contributions from the enzyme environment. We then use a case study of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase to illustrate specific application of the methods. The case study involves examination of the binding modes of putative transition state analogues (tungstate and vanadate) to the enzyme. The computations predict covalent binding of these ions to the enzymatic nucleophile and that they adopt the trigonal bipyramidal geometry of the expected transition state. By comparing these structures with transition states found through free energy simulations, we assess the degree to which the transition state analogues mimic the true transition states. Technical issues worth treating with care as well as several remaining challenges to quantitative analysis of metalloenzymes are also highlighted during the discussion.
PGAS Access Overhead Characterization in Chapel

The Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) model, increases programmer productivity by presenting a flat memory space with locality awareness. However, the abstract representation of memory incurs overheads especially when global data is accessed. As a PGAS programming language, Chapel provides language structures to alleviate such overheads. In this work, we examine such optimizations on a set of benchmarks using multiple locales and analyze their impact on programmer productivity quantitatively. The optimization methods that we study achieved improvements over non-optimized versions ranging from 1.1 to 68.1 times depending on the benchmark characteristic.
Integration of growth factor gene delivery with collagen‐triggered wound repair cascades using collagen‐mimetic peptides

Growth factors (GFs) play vital roles in wound repair. Many GF therapies have reached clinical trials, but success has been hindered by safety concerns and a lack of efficacy. Previously, we presented an approach to produce protein factors in wound beds through localized gene delivery mediated by biomimetic peptides. Modification of polyethylenimine (PEI) DNA polyplexes with collagen-mimetic peptides (CMPs) enabled tailoring of polyplex release/retention and improved gene transfer activity in a cell-responsive manner. In this work, CMP-mediated delivery from collagen was shown to improve expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and promote a diverse range of cellular processes associated with wound healing, including proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and chemotaxis. Collagens were pre-exposed to physiologically-simulating conditions (complete media, 37°C) for days to weeks prior to cell seeding to simulate the environment within typical wound dressings. In cell proliferation studies, significant increases in cell counts were demonstrated in collagen gels containing CMP-modified polyplex versus unmodified polyplex, and these effects became most pronounced following prolonged preincubation periods of greater than a week. Collagen containing CMP-modified polyplexes also induced a twofold increase in gel contraction as well as enhanced directionality and migratory activity in response to cell-secreted PDGF-BB gradients. While these PDGF-BB-triggered behaviors were observed in collagens containing unmodified polyplexes, the responses withstood much longer preincubation periods in CMP-modified polyplex samples (10 days vs. <5 days). Furthermore, enhanced closure rates in an in vitro wound model suggested that CMP-based PDGF-BB delivery may have utility in actual wound repair and other regenerative medicine applications.
Subacute normobaric oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in drowning, reversal of brain volume loss: a case report

A 2-year-old girl experienced cardiac arrest after cold water drowning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed deep gray matter injury on day 4 and cerebral atrophy with gray and white matter loss on day 32. Patient had no speech, gait, or responsiveness to commands on day 48 at hospital discharge. She received normobaric 100% oxygen treatment (2 L/minute for 45 minutes by nasal cannula, twice/day) since day 56 and then hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) at 1.3 atmosphere absolute (131.7 kPa) air/45 minutes, 5 days/week for 40 sessions since day 79; visually apparent and/or physical examination-documented neurological improvement occurred upon initiating each therapy. After HBOT, the patient had normal speech and cognition, assisted gait, residual fine motor and temperament deficits. MRI at 5 months after injury and 27 days after HBOT showed near-normalization of ventricles and reversal of atrophy. Subacute normobaric oxygen and HBOT were able to restore drowning-induced cortical gray matter and white matter loss, as documented by sequential MRI, and simultaneous neurological function, as documented by video and physical examinations.
A Software Defined Networking framework for future airborne connectivity

This paper introduces a Software Defined Network (SDN) framework for airborne connectivity; defining an aircraft as an airborne node providing combined secure cockpit and cabin access. This SDN framework facilitates vendor and media agnostic communication link selection (satellite, cellular, or any other communication-link type) to the aircraft SDN platform. This SDN framework creates secure separation and delivery assurance while employing open architecture principles to accommodate future evolutions of aeronautical communications links. This approach facilitates the integration of any available link and satisfies manufacturer design requirements by mapping the Software (SW), not the hardware (HW) platform, to aircraft design and configurations. Based on this SDN architecture, this paper presents SW techniques that can be implemented at the airborne SDN platform and the ground gateway to insure that the wireless commercial links used in this open architecture meet reliability, delivery assurance and timing requirements for cockpit traffic. The paper demonstrates simulation results of using network coding to ensure that cockpit sensitive traffic can use commercial infrastructure even under adverse conditions such as high packet loss while meeting cockpit traffic Quality of Service (QoS) requirements.
funSentiment at SemEval-2017 Task 4: Topic-Based Message Sentiment Classification by Exploiting Word Embeddings, Text Features and Target Contexts

This paper describes the approach we used for SemEval-2017 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter. Topic-based (target-dependent) sentiment analysis has become attractive and been used in some applications recently, but it is still a challenging research task. In our approach, we take the left and right context of a target into consideration when generating polarity classification features. We use two types of word embeddings in our classifiers: the general word embeddings learned from 200 million tweets, and sentiment-specific word embeddings learned from 10 million tweets using distance supervision. We also incorporate a text feature model in our algorithm. This model produces features based on text negation, tf.idf weighting scheme, and a Rocchio text classification method. We participated in four subtasks (B, C, D & E for English), all of which are about topic-based message polarity classification. Our team is ranked #6 in subtask B, #3 by MAEu and #9 by MAEm in subtask C, #3 using RAE and #6 using KLD in subtask D, and #3 in subtask E.
Work/Think/Play in Qualitative and Postqualitative Inquiry

In this article, we introduce the special issue on work/think/play in qualitative and postqualitative inquiry. Our aim for the issue is to open up conversations about what does happen, what can hap...
The Crack: Generational Strategies in Mexico at the Turn of the Century

Regalado offers a brief history of the Crack phenomenon (1984–2016) with the aim of discussing the claims made about it as a literary generation. The chapter departs from traditional diachronic studies and tries to find analogies between the Crack and other generational proposals during the era of neoliberalism, in both Mexico and other Latin American countries. Following the views expressed on contemporary Latin American literature by other ctitics (Becerra, Sanchez Prado)‚ the notion of the Crack writers seen as a literary generation is called into question in favor of more inclusive approaches in the sociological field, mainly Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of the Literary Field.
Static and Dynamic Electron Correlation in the Ligand Noninnocent Oxidation of Nickel Dithiolates

Metal dithiolates have a wide range of applications from catalysis to molecular conductors with the ligands being the source of electrons during electrochemical oxidation in an effect known as ligand noninnocence. Recent large-scale variational two-electron reduced-density matrix (2-RDM) calculations of the vanadium oxo complex and manganese superoxide dismutase show that quantum entanglement stabilizes the addition of an electron to the ligands, providing a quantum mechanical explanation for ligand noninnocence. In this paper, we confirm and explore the ligand noninnocence in the electron oxidation series of bis(ethylene-1,2-dithiolato)nickel or [Ni(edt2)](−2,–1,0) with variational 2-RDM calculations. While previous wave function calculations of this series have selected only the ligand π orbitals as the critical (active) orbitals to be correlated, we find that both ligand π and nickel d orbitals must be correlated to generate a realistic picture of the electron-transfer process. Using the computed 2-RDM...
Confirmation of the Data-Driven Decision-Making Efficacy and Anxiety Inventory’s Score Factor Structure Among Teachers:

The implementation of data-driven decision-making practices (DDDM) is a key component of contemporary teachers’ professional practice. As such, the measurement of DDDM and related constructs is imp...
Ovarian aging is associated with gray matter volume and disability in women with MS

Objective To determine if ovarian aging as measured by levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is associated with pattern of multiple sclerosis (MS) progression in women. Methods Women with MS and healthy controls were included from a longitudinal research cohort with up to 10 years follow-up. Plasma AMH levels were measured by ELISA for baseline and years 3, 5, and 8–10. Mixed effects logistic and linear regression models were employed, with adjustments for age, disease duration, and other covariables as appropriate. Results AMH levels were similar (0.98-fold difference, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–1.37, p = 0.87) in women with MS (n = 412, mean age 42.6 years) and healthy controls (n = 180, mean age 44 years). In a multivariable model of women with MS, including adjustments for age, body mass index, and disease duration, 10-fold lower AMH level was associated with 0.43-higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score (95% CI 0.15–0.70, p = 0.003), 0.25-unit worse MS Functional Composite z score (95% CI −0.40 to −0.10, p = 0.0015), and 7.44 mm 3 lower cortical gray matter volume (95% CI −14.6 to −0.30; p = 0.041) at baseline. In a multivariable random-intercept–random-slope model using all observations over time, 10-fold decrease in AMH was associated with a 0.27 increase in EDSS (95% CI 0.11–0.43, p = 0.006) and 5.48 mm 3 (95% CI 11.3–0.33, p = 0.065) and 4.55 mm 3 (95% CI 9.33–0.23, p = 0.062) decreases in total gray and cortical gray matter, respectively. Conclusion As a marker of ovarian aging, lower AMH levels were associated with greater disability and gray matter loss in women with MS independent of chronological age and disease duration.
Dexmedetomidine as Single Continuous Sedative During Noninvasive Ventilation: Typical Usage, Hemodynamic Effects, and Withdrawal.

Objectives:Dexmedetomidine use in pediatric critical care is increasing. Its prolonged effects as a single continuous agent for sedation are not well described. The aim of the current study was to describe prolonged dexmedetomidine therapy without other continuous sedation, specifically the hemodyna
The edge of space: Revisiting the Karman Line

Abstract In this paper I revisit proposed definitions of the boundary between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space, considering orbital and suborbital trajectories used by space vehicles. In particular, I investigate the inner edge of outer space from historical, physical and technological viewpoints and propose 80 km as a more appropriate boundary than the currently popular 100 km Von Karman line.
Measurements of buoyancy for some Antarctic notothenioid fishes from the South Shetland Islands

Buoyancy was measured for 258 specimens representing 13 species of adult and sub-adult nototheniids, bathydraconids, and channichthyids from the South Shetland Islands. Measurements were expressed as percentage buoyancy (%B)=W water /W air ×102. There were no neutrally buoyant species and mean values for %B were 3.07–6.11%, with channichthyids at the low end and benthic nototheniids and bathydraconids at the high end. All species showed an ontogenetic decrease in %B with increasing body weight. With the exception of Champsocephalus gunnari, there was no sexual dimorphism in %B within this sample. With some exceptions, values for %B were consistent with life-history information. Sub-adult Dissostichus mawsoni were not neutrally buoyant, as are large adults. Notothenia rossii had a significantly lower %B than closely related N. coriiceps. Benthic Gobionotothen gibberifrons had a lower %B than semipelagic Lepidonotothen larseni. Although they exhibit some diversification in life history, the four channichthyids in the sample were similar in %B. Neutral buoyancy is rare in notothenioids and may be confined to a single nototheniid clade.
Human T follicular helper cells: development and subsets.

Antibody response constitutes one of the key immune protection mechanisms. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells represent the major CD4+ T cell subset that provides help to B cells to induce antibody response. How Tfh cells develop and how Tfh cells or their associated subsets regulate antibody response in humans remains largely unknown. In this review, we will summarize the recent discoveries on the biology of Tfh cells, with a particular focus on human Tfh cells.
Stent Survival and Stent-Adjacent Stenosis Rates following Venous Sinus Stenting for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure without any identifiable causative factor such as an intracranial mass. Dural venous sinus stenosis (DVSS) has been suggested to be associated with IIH. Objective: We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to determine clinical outcomes as well as stent survival and stent-adjacent stenosis rates in patients undergoing DVSS for the management of medically refractory IIH. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify prospective or retrospective cohorts or case series of patients with IIH treated with DVSS between 2000 and 2017. Results: A total of 473 patients were included from 24 studies. Headache was present in 429 (91.8%) patients and resolved or improved in 319/413 (77.2%) after the procedure. Headache, papilledema, visual acuity, and tinnitus improved in 256/330 (77.6%), 247/288 (85.8%), 121/172 (70.3%), and 93/110 (84.5%) patients following DVSS at the final follow-up (mean of 18.3 months). In a meta-analysis of 395 patients with available follow-up data on stenting outcome (mean of 18.9 months), the stent survival and stent-adjacent stenosis rates were 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 79–87%) and 14% (95% CI 11–18%), respectively. The rate of major neurological complications was less than 2%. Conclusion: Stent-adjacent stenosis is an important complication following venous stenting in patients with DVSS and IIH. Further studies are needed to identify determinants of stent-adjacent stenosis and stent nonsurvival.
Fibre Channel Time Synchronization for Automated Testing

Fibre Channel networks are used in a variety of modern avionics applications, mainly due to their high speed, low latency, and deterministic nature. Time synchronization of independent end-systems on a network is an important feature necessary for avionic systems that are real-time, safety critical, and fault tolerant. Fibre Channel can be configured as a deterministic network, by using an in-band synchronization protocol to synchronize the clocks of attached nodes thus allowing autonomous synchronized data transmissions. A synchronized message sent out periodically can be used to trigger the relative time start of each network time frame or window. Using this approach, the beginning time (TO) is determined each time the synchronization message is transmitted, as opposed to setting up a global clock between each of the nodes. This “time-triggered” synchronization must be accurately characterized to understand the deterministic timing of the network. This paper covers how the Fibre Channel “time-triggered” in-band synchronization operates and the testing used to characterize the deterministic Fibre Channel network timing.
Examining Psychological Distress Across Intersections of Immigrant Generational Status, Race, Poverty, and Gender

While many studies have documented the health outcomes of immigrants, little is known about the direct and intersectional influences of generational status on mental health. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using data from the California Health Interview Survey from 2015 to 2016 (N = 41,754) to compare the prevalence of psychological distress among first-generation immigrants and non-immigrants relative to second-generation immigrants, overall and across intersections of race, poverty status, and gender. Second-generation and non-immigrant respondents had a significantly higher prevalence (10.1% and 9.4%, respectively) of psychological distress compared to first-generation immigrants (5.9%). Prevalence ratios comparing first-generation to second-generation immigrants were suggestive of an association where first-generation immigrants had lower prevalence of psychological distress compared to second-generation, though not statistically significant (0.81, 95% Confidence interval 0.63, 1.04). Prevalence ratios of non-immigrants relative to second-generation immigrants were not statistically significant (1.12, 95% Confidence interval 0.84, 1.50).
Interactive Effects of Pruning and Cyclanilide Application on Growth of Woody Nursery Crops

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of pruning on plant response to cyclanilide (CYC), a bioregulator that promotes lateral branching of fruit trees and selected woody nursery c...
Tensile Stress Generation on Crystallization of Polymer Networks

When crystallized under constant strain, conventional semicrystalline networks exhibit a loss in tension due to directionally preferred crystallization of chains along the strain axis. This study shows that a dual-cured, semicrystalline polymer network with programmed chain bias can generate ∼400 kPa of tensile stress upon crystallization. Constant strain experiments were conducted to monitor stress in configurationally biased networks as they were cooled and crystallized. Time resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering was used to study crystallization kinetics and the evolution of crystallite orientation. In configurationally biased networks without external load, initial crystallization along the internal chain bias direction is rapidly followed by crystal growth in the orthogonal direction. Under external loads, crystallization first occurs along the external load direction followed by the configurational chain bias direction. Calorimetry measurements indicate that two distinct crystal populations form upon...
Digging Deeper than LC/EC50: Nontraditional Endpoints and Non-model Species in Oil Spill Toxicology

The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill lead to a number of peer-reviewed publications examining the effects of the released oil and dispersant on fish species found in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Many of these papers, for very good reasons, focused on assessing toxicity by defining lethality through identification of dose-response curves that were specific to a given species, age class, exposure type, oil preparation method, and many other factors. Often those dose-response curves were used to predict LC or EC50 concentrations – amounts of oil that produced an effect on 50% of the exposed organisms. The advantage of this approach is obvious, in that it provides a single point estimate and variance of a concentration required to produce a given effect. This point estimate can then be compared across different exposure regimes to compare susceptibilities. Relevant LC/EC50 data is summarized and discussed in A synthesis of DWH oil, chemical dispersant and chemically dispersed oil aquatic standard laboratory acute and chronic toxicity studies (see Mitchelmore et al. A synthesis of Deepwater Horizon oil, chemical dispersant and chemically dispersed oil aquatic standard laboratory acute and chronic toxicity studies (Chap. 28). In: Murawski SA, Ainsworth C, Gilbert S, Hollander D, Paris CB, Schluter M, Wetzel D (Eds.) Deep oil spills – facts, fate and effects. Springer; 2020). By constraining toxicity to this point estimate (often of lethality), however, researchers run the risk of missing effects that evince more subtle effects that do not manifest themselves as overt mortality in the short term. In the present chapter, we focus exclusively on fish and explore some of these endpoints, many of which were successfully used in recent years to assess sublethal health impacts on marine fish as part of the response to the DWH spill. We compare what is known about differences in sensitivity, among species, and between age classes within species, examining both organismal and molecular endpoints. Developmental impacts on cardiac health, swim performance, and sensory systems have been widely studied. We discuss what is known about effects on fish immune and endocrine function, the microbiome of the intestine and gill, and intracellular effects such as altered gene expression, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. In conclusion, we attempt to compare the endpoints, assess the sensitivity and utility, and link molecular- and individual-level impacts to larger population and community-level effects.
The Multiple Injury Patient

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the management of a multiple injury patient. The management of the multisystem trauma patient principally involves priority of activities. Despite the divergent interests between the neurosurgeon, general surgeon, orthopedic surgeon, and the emergency room physician, all must agree upon initial priorities in patient management and what specific life-saving techniques must be undertaken. Other diagnostic and therapeutic endeavors must be staged in order of descending importance. Life-threatening injuries include those that affect the respiratory system. Central nervous system injuries must be recognized immediately and require urgent type of therapy. Other urgent that are not clearly life-threatening complications include abdominal or thoracic visceral injuries and some central nervous system injuries. Delayed priorities are primarily orthopedic in nature. Few fractures such as humoral or supracondylar fractures require immediate reduction; these fractures are associated with neurovascular compromise. The priorities of multiple system trauma are delineated into life-threatening, urgent, and delayed priorities. The chapter describes the early treatment of hemorrhagic shock.
Study of Learning of Power Grid Defense Strategy in Adversarial Stage Game

Security of electric power transmission and distribution systems is currently one of the most challenging issues due to rising concerns regarding increased cyber-attacks in the energy sector. In the smart electric power transmission and distribution system, cyber-attackers are capable of causing large-scale damage (including blackout). In response to these attacks in the energy sector, different machine learning based game theory approaches are used to mimic the complex interactions between adversaries (the attacker and defender) in a smart electric power system. Most of the existing works fail to replicate the real-time interactions by verifying the criticality of the identified contingencies or by reflecting the attack impacts on the power system. In this paper, we identify the critical contingencies of an electric power transmission and distribution system adopting an adversarial stage game with value iteration. We adjust the defense strategy from attacker’s learned attack action (eventually reduces the generation loss) and provide alternative action choices in case of limited access to the system. Then, we analyze the impact of the learned attack policies in a simulated power system using the PowerWorld simulator in two case studies. All the experiments are conducted on two standard power system test cases (W & W 6 bus system and IEEE 39 bus system). The effectiveness of the learned policy is verified by adjusting the defender’s policy according to the attacker’s learned policy. The simulation results successfully prove the efficiency of the proposed research in learning critical contingencies, providing defense strategies, and replicating the attack impacts on power systems.
On the Propagation of a Circularly Polarized Electromagnetic Wave Through a Temporal Interface Between Air and a Magneto Plasma

It is shown that a right-hand/left-hand circularly polarized wave propagating along the magnetic field is converted to three waves by a suddenly created plasma. The right-hand circularly polarized wave is converted to two forward (R-mode and slow R-mode of the magnetoplasma) and one backward (L-mode) propagating waves; and in the left-hand circular polarization case, the wave is converted to one forward (L-mode) and two backward (R-mode and slow R-mode) propagating waves. As the background magnetic field approaches zero, the slow R-mode converts to a wiggler magnetic field, which is found in the unmagnetized case. Conservation of wave energy and power flux in the mode conversion is verified. Using the Abraham expression as the relationship between the momentum and energy of a photon in a dielectric medium, conservation of momentum in the mode conversion is also demonstrated. When a strong magnetic field is embedded in the background, a suddenly created low-density plasma can achieve a large frequency upshift on a right-hand circularly polarized wave.
The Periodic Table’s Impact on Bioinorganic Chemistry and Biology’s Selective Use of Metal Ions

Despite the availability of a vast variety of metal ions in the periodic table, biology uses only a selective few metal ions. Most of the redox-active metals used belong to the first row of transition metals in the periodic table and include Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu. On the other hand, Ca, Zn, and Mg are the most commonly used redox inactive metals in biology. In this chapter, we discuss periodic table’s impact on bioinorganic chemistry, by exploring reasons behind this selective choice of metals in biology. A special focus is placed on the chemical and functional reasons why one metal ion is preferred over another one. We discuss the implications of metal choice in various biological processes including catalysis, electron transfer, redox sensing, and signaling. We find that bioavailability of metal ions along with their redox potentials, coordination flexibility, valency, and ligand affinity determines the specificity of metals for biological processes. Understanding the implications underlying the selective choice of metals from the periodic table in these biological processes can help design more efficient catalysts, more precise biosensors, and more effective drugs.
On the Role of Poroelasticity in the Propagation Mode of Natural Fractures in Reservoir Rocks

Almost all reservoir rocks contain natural fractures. The presence of such discontinuities affects reservoir stimulation to a certain degree. The interaction between the natural and hydraulic fractures determines the overall fracture trajectory and the stimulated reservoir volume. In contrast to conventional hydraulic fracturing, natural fractures do not propagate in a tensile-dominated regime. Propagation of mechanically closed fractures lies in the mixed-mode propagation regime which differs from that of open fractures. Therefore, the response of natural fractures to pore pressure and stress perturbations should be carefully addressed within the context of reservoir stimulation. This study aims at investigating the response of closed natural fractures to water injection in poroelastic rocks. A poroelastic displacement discontinuity (DD) model is developed and used to shed light on the propagation of closed natural fractures. Mohr–Coulomb contact elements are used in this study to identify the contact status of the elements in the transverse direction. Moreover, fracture propagation is effectively accounted for based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. Hydro-mechanical coupling is achieved by combining an implicit finite difference scheme with the poroelastic DD model. Our simulation results indicate that natural fracture shear slip and propagation are likely to occur when the closed natural fractures are subject to direct water injection. The injection pressure required to maintain the propagation in poroelastic rocks was found to be consistently higher than the pressure in its elastic counterpart. The propagation trajectory of the wing cracks was, on the other hand, found to be similar to that in elastic rocks. It was found in our results that the formation of wing cracks and shear (secondary) cracks is an integral part of the reservoir stimulation in geothermal systems where natural fractures are in direct contact with the injection wells. This point is often overlooked or poorly treated and has led to erroneous interpretations from the reservoir stimulation standpoint.
Influence of maternal age in mode of delivery after term induction of labor

Objective: To determine the impact of maternal age on the rate of cesarean delivery in women undergoing induction at term.Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of term singleton gestations in nu...
Adverse Local Tissue Reaction due to Mechanically Assisted Crevice Corrosion Presenting as Late Instability Following Metal-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) at modular junctions can cause a spectrum of adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs) in patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study is to describe the presentation, treatments, and related complications of a cohort of patients presenting with late instability following metal-on-polyethylene THA due to underlying MACC and ALTR. Methods This multicenter retrospective case series presents 17 patients (12 women, mean age 62.6, range 42-73) presenting with late instability secondary to ALTR and MACC. All patients had a metal (Cobalt Chrome)-on-polyethylene bearing surface. Patients experienced a mean 2.7 dislocations (range 1-6) at mean 4.3 years (range 0.4-17.0) following their index surgery. Serum metal levels (n = 12) demonstrated a greater elevation of cobalt (mean 6.9, range 0.13-20.88 ng/mL) than chromium (mean 1.9, range 0.13-3.23 ng/mL). Results Patients were revised for instability at a mean of 6.8 years (range 2.1-19.4) following their index surgery. ALTR was encountered in every case and the modular head-neck junction demonstrated visible corrosion. An exchange of the CoCr head to a ceramic head with a titanium sleeve and placement of a constrained liner was performed for a majority of patients (n = 15, 88.2%). Five patients (29.4%) had complications postoperatively including peroneal palsy (n = 2), periprosthetic joint infection (n = 2), and ALTR recurrence (n = 1). Conclusion Recurrent instability in the setting of otherwise well-positioned THA components and without another obvious cause should raise concern for ALTR as a potential underlying etiology.
UnEqual Protection in Immigration Law

This Short, Yale Notice & Comment Contribution Addresses Immigration Law as Administrative Law, and at Odds with Constitutional Equal Protection Principles. See https://www.yalejreg.com/nc/unequal-protection-in-immigration-law-by-carrie-rosenbaum/.
Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and borderline personality in alcohol use disorder with and without comorbid substance use disorder

Abstract Objective Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly comorbid with other substance use disorders (SUDs) as well as other psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). However, studies of persons with AUD rarely account for its comorbidity with other SUDs. Some research suggests that BPD symptoms reflect an important connection between internalizing disorders and SUDs. The current study investigated: 1) the levels of trait anxiety and symptoms of depression and BPD in persons with an AUD as a function of comorbid SUDs (cannabis use disorder – CUD) and other substance use disorder (oSUD), and 2) the influence of BPD on the association between severity of overall lifetime SUD symptoms (AUD + CUD + oSUD) and both trait anxiety and symptoms of depression. Method Trait anxiety and symptoms of depression and BPD were assessed in 671 young adults (351 men; 320 women; mean age 21 years) separated into four groups: Controls (n = 185), AUD-only (134), AUD + CUD (n = 210), and AUD + oSUD (n = 142). Results Trait anxiety and symptoms of depression and BPD were elevated in all AUD groups compared with controls, and in the AUD + oSUD group compared with all other groups as well. Structural models also indicated that BPD symptoms accounted for all of the variance in lifetime SUD symptoms associated with Trait Anxiety, and a significant portion of the variance in lifetime SUD symptoms associated with depression symptoms. Conclusion Results indicate that when AUD is comorbid with oSUD, it is associated with more severe AUD symptoms and higher levels of trait anxiety and symptoms of both depression and BPD. The results also indicate that BPD symptoms account for the majority of the variance in SUD symptoms associated with both trait anxiety and depression, suggesting that a considerable amount of the internalizing symptomatology in AUD/SUDs is associated with BPD psychopathology.