cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Method for Analyzing Gestural Communication in Musical Groups.

Musical performances provide a rich context for studying complex spatial and embodied modes of group learning. This article proposes a framework for analyzing gesture in musical performances to highlight the ways musicians' movements reflect and promote their emerging and changing conceptions of a piece of music. The constructs of expressive musical gesture (at the individual level of analysis) and group expressive musical gesture (at the collective level) are used to analyze a series of five sequential performances of a musical passage by a string quartet during rehearsal. The analysis identifies three functions of embodied gesture for score interpretation: (1) gestures served as a tool for group interpretation in passages that had previously been pointed to by verbal exchanges, (2) gestures served to fine-tune the location and enactment of dynamic markings in the score, and (3) group expressive gestures in the final “take” of the rehearsal incorporated group expressive gestures from other takes, constit...
Filippo Juvarra's Drawings Depicting the Capitoline Hill

Among the numerous surviving drawings by Filippo Juvarra (1678–1736) is a remarkable series of sketches depicting the Capitoline Hill in Rome. These drawings, which range from archaeological reconstructions of the ancient Capitol to fantastic variations on Michelangelo's Campidoglio, provide valuable insights into Juvarra's early study and professional activity during the formative years he spent in Rome (1704–1714). Previously unpublished drawings provide the basis for attempts at reconstructing two of the projects to which Juvarra's sketches representing the Capitoline relate: a presentation drawing for the King of Denmark (1709) and a festival design for the Roman Academy of St. Luke (1713).
Suppression of Heliothis spp. with Cottons Containing Combinations of Resistant Characters

The use of nectariless, glabrous, and high-gossypol cottons and cottons with combinations of the 3 characters were evaluated against Heliothis species in replicated large field cages and in field plots. In cage tests, insect populations increased only 1.1 times (a maintenance population) between the 1st and 2nd generations on a cotton combining all 3 characters. Populations on glabrous plus high-gossypol cottons or on glabrous plus nectariless cottons increased 2-fold between the 1st and generations. Normal commercial types of cotton with none of the 3 characters had a 10–12-fold increase between generations. In the 1974 field tests, the glabrous plus high gossypol line yielded 700 lb/acre more seed cotton than the commercial check; and a high gossypol cotton (not glabrous) yielded 950 lb/acre more seed cotton. In field tests, glabrous plus high-gossypol cottons reduced populations of the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.). A glabrous line suppressed larval populations by 68%, and 4 lines with a combination of both characters suppressed populations 60–88%. The nectariless character did not reduce insect populations because of the small size of the plots.
Requirement-oriented Operational Effectiveness Evaluation of UAS

In order to provide theory support for equipment procurement,a effectiveness evaluation model of UAS is proposed.Taking synthetic effectiveness and effectiveness-cost ratio as final evaluation criteria,the model focused on military task requirements and UAS features.Different methods including ADC,FQFD and BP neural network are used in nodes' weight-value pair calculation by level.The model is then validated in the analysis and computation of typical UAS.
The effect of cognitive status on outcomes following rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Impaired cognition is a determinant of poor recovery following a hip fracture. Because of the risk of poorer outcomes, individuals with impaired cognitive function may be refused admission into a rehabilitation program. This study considered the impact of cognitive status on functional ability over time for older adults who participate in a rehabilitation program. METHODS We studied a convenience sample of 200 consecutive patients who participated in an inpatient rehabilitation program following an orthopedic event. We obtained complete follow-up data on 181 participants. Baseline data were collected within 48 hours of admission and included demographics, rehabilitation diagnosis, living location prior to admission, the Mini-mental State Examination, and the Barthel Index (BI). Telephone follow-up was made at 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge from rehabilitation, and we obtained information about demographic data and functional status (BI). RESULTS There were no differences in the demographic characteristics of the two groups except for race; a larger percentage of African-Americans were in the impaired group. There was a statistically significant main effect of time with functional ability of all participants, increasing over the 12-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that rehabilitation of the older adult, both with and without cognitive impairment, can result in improvement in functional ability that is sustained over a 12-month period. Although the findings indicate that those with cognitive impairment have lower functional performance at each testing period, these individuals improved functionally during the course of rehabilitation and maintained their discharge level of functioning for 1 year after discharge.
Does the combination of erythropoietin and tapered oral corticosteroids improve recovery following iatrogenic nerve injury

Abstract Introduction The reported prognosis for recovery after peripheral nerve injury is remarkably poor. Deficits may persist for years, resulting in significant functional disability. Both corticosteroids and Erythropoietin have been investigated as neuroprotective agents; however, their efficacy in total hip and knee arthroplasty is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of systemically-administered Erythropoietin and tapered oral corticosteroids on the recovery of postoperative nerve palsies in the setting of total hip and knee arthroplasty. Methods Eleven patients sustaining postoperative peripheral nerve injuries after total hip or knee arthroplasty were treated acutely with Erythropoietin and tapered oral steroids. Motor and sensory function was assessed clinically pre- and postoperatively until complete motor recovery or for a minimum of 1 year. Results Motor loss was complete in seven (64%) patients and partial in four (36%). Seven (64%) patients’ symptoms affected the common peroneal nerve distribution and four (36%) had concomitant tibial nerve involvement. Eight (73%) patients experienced full motor recovery at an average of 39 days (range: 3–133 days), and three (27%) had near-complete motor recovery. At final follow up, no patient required assistive devices for ambulation. Conclusions Administration of Erythropoietin coupled with oral tapered steroids for patients sustaining iatrogenic nerve injuries in total hip and knee arthroplasty demonstrated faster and more complete recovery of motor and sensory function compared to previous reports in the literature. This study highlights the importance of further investigation to define the role of each in the setting of acute postoperative nerve palsies. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Discerning the Causes of Toxic Cyanobacteria (Lyngbya majuscula) Blooms in Moreton Bay, Australia

Blooms of the toxic cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula, were observed in Moreton Bay, Australia, beginning in the late 1990s. These dense blooms led to significant human and ecosystem health impacts. Research on the causes of the bloom focused on nutrient interactions (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron) and light availability, in particular, light quality. Light quality investigations reported here were instigated because of the abundance of humic-stained water runoff from the catchment that periodically washed into the primary bloom locations. Light quality experiments were conducted on L. majuscula in aquaria using spectral filters to simulate different light regimes. The most pronounced effect on L. majuscula pigment content and productivity rates was the colored water treatment that simulated the humic-stained runoff. Colored water stimulated pigment content (phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a) and productivity (14C uptake) compared with clear water, turbid water, and a combination of turbid/colored water treatments. Previous research identified the importance of humic compounds in making iron bioavailable to L. majuscula. These results, combined with previous studies of L. majuscula and nutrient interactions, were used to construct a conceptual model of the primary causes of L. majuscula blooms in Moreton Bay, Australia. This model is presented in a diagrammatic format to synthesize research results as to the causes of these cyanobacteria blooms. The Lyngbya majuscula model focuses on having sufficient nutrients, particularly bioavailable iron, in a light climate of colored water. This model for toxic cyanobacteria blooms of L. majuscula in Australia also has relevance in other parts of the world.
Chapter Six: Cities and Jet Noise: On the Ground and in the Air, How to Tame the Planes that Roared

This chapter focuses first on how airport authorities in New York City and in California, especially Los Angeles, tackled the issue of aircraft noise, setting precedents for others to follow as noise complaints became a challenge at airports large and small throughout the country. In each case, local airport authorities and governments had to work within the parameters set by court decisions, federal policies, and local political realities to deal with the noise issue. In each case, a combination of flight procedures, soundproofing, and land purchases formed the core of the response. The land purchases in particular resulted in significant changes to the landscape surrounding the nation’s airports. The chapter examines local responses in Tampa, Detroit, Minneapolis, St. Louis, Cleveland, and Cincinnati.
Direct Quadrature Method of Moments with delumping for modeling multicomponent droplet vaporization

Abstract A multicomponent droplet vaporization model which combines the computational efficiency of continuous thermodynamic approaches with the detailed species information provided by discrete component models has been developed. The Direct Quadrature Method of Moments (DQMoM) is used to efficiently solve for the evolution of the nodes and weights of the equivalent liquid-phase mole fraction distribution without assuming any functional form. The novelty of the approach is an inexpensive delumping procedure that is used to reconstruct the time-dependent mole fractions and fluxes for all discrete species. When applied to a vaporizing kerosene droplet, agreement between the full discrete component model, which solves ODEs for every individual species, and DQMoM with delumping, which solves only a few ODEs, is excellent. This computationally inexpensive model is well-suited for implementation in CFD codes with detailed kinetic mechanisms, as it enables accurate calculation of species source terms from the droplets without incurring an unrealistic computational cost.
NUMERICAL APPROXIMATING FORMS FOR THE DYNAMIC STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR.

A numerical approximation is presented for Eshelby’s form of the dynamic stress intensity factor, KD. For a computer simulation of water drop impact damage, the KD approximation performs considerably better than the KD approximation employed by Van der Zwaag and Field.
Survival outcomes of early autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) followed by lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) maintenance in patients with high-risk multiple myeloma (MM).

8100 Background: Despite markedly improved survival rates for MM pts in the last decade, 15-20% of pts with high risk genetics continue to have dismal outcomes with a median PFS of 18.5 months (Kapoor P et al). In this subset of pts, efforts are needed to improve response rates and prolong the response duration, but doing so without genotoxic therapy as this has been shown not to improve outcomes (Barlogie et al). Methods: We evaluated 37 pts with high risk features [del17p (n=16), t(4;14) (n=1), t(14;16) (n=4) by FISH/CTG; hypodiploidy (n=9), del 13 (n=16); complex karyotype (n=14) by CTG; PCL (n=7) and atypical presentation (n=4)]. After completing induction therapy, all pts underwent ASCT followed by RVD maintenance. 60 days after ASCT following hematological recovery, pts began maintenance [lenalidomide 10 mg/day (days1–21), bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 and dexamethasone 40 mg once a week (days 1, 8, 15) every 28 days]. Results: The response rates are summarized in the table. 7/36 pts progressed while on RVD ...
Periodic nonlinear sliding modes for two uniformly magnetized spheres.

A uniformly magnetized sphere slides without friction along the surface of a second, identical sphere that is held fixed in space, subject to the magnetic force and torque of the fixed sphere and the normal force. The free sphere has two stable equilibrium positions and two unstable equilibrium positions. Two small-amplitude oscillatory modes describe the sliding motion of the free sphere near each stable equilibrium, and an unstable oscillatory mode describes the motion near each unstable equilibrium. The three oscillatory modes remain periodic at finite amplitudes, one bifurcating into mixed modes and circumnavigating the free sphere at large energies. For small energies, the free sphere is confined to one of the two discontiguous domains, each surrounding a stable equilibrium position. At large energies, these domains merge and the free sphere may visit both positions. The critical energy at which these domains merge coincides with the cumulation point of an infinite cascade of mixed-mode bifurcations....
Allosteric Modulation of Human Dopamine Transporter Activity under Conditions Promoting its Dimerization

The human dopamine (DA) transporter (hDAT) is a key regulator of neurotransmission and a target for antidepressants and addictive drugs. Despite the recent resolution of dDAT structures from Drosophila melanogaster, complete understanding of its mechanism of function and even information on its biological assembly is lacking. The resolved dDAT structures are monomeric, but growing evidence suggests that hDAT might function as a multimer, and its oligomerization may be relevant to addictive drug effects. Here, using structure-based computations, we examined the possible mechanisms of hDAT dimerization and its dynamics in a lipid bilayer. Using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, DA-uptake, and cross-linking experiments that exploited the capacity of Cys-306 to form intermonomeric disulfide bridges in the presence of an oxidizing agent, we tested the effects of mutations at transmembrane segment (TM) 6 and 12 helices in HEK293 cells. The most probable structural model for hDAT dimer suggested by computations and experiments differed from the dimeric structure resolved for the bacterial homolog, LeuT, presumably because of a kink at TM12 preventing favorable monomer packing. Instead, TM2, TM6, and TM11 line the dimer interface. Molecular dynamics simulations of the dimeric hDAT indicated that the two subunits tend to undergo cooperative structural changes, both on local (extracellular gate opening/closure) and global (transition between outward-facing and inward-facing states) scales. These observations suggest that hDAT transport properties may be allosterically modulated under conditions promoting dimerization. Our study provides critical insights into approaches for examining the oligomerization of neurotransmitter transporters and sheds light on their drug modulation.
Assisting Dairies in Mastitis Culturing On-farm

An on-farm milk culturing program can generate useful information that may be used to facilitate treatment decisions that reduce farm expenses. Prior to beginning an on-farm milk culturing program, detailed protocols must be developed that include information about which cows will have milk samples collected and cultured, milk culturing procedures, and how culture results will be used in therapeutic decision-making. Because many milk cultures result in the growth of no pathogens or gram-negative pathogens, and many farms elect not to treat such cases, a milk culturing program can result in reduced expenses associated with treatment of mastitis. Discontinuation of on-farm culture programs is common; in order to increase the likelihood of success of the program, procedures must be clear and simple, the program must be beneficial to the farm, and the farm staff in charge of the program must be interested in mastitis microbiology and have time to perform related duties. In addition, the limitations of on-farm culture must be understood and accepted; it is not equivalent to milk culture performed at a diagnostic microbiological laboratory. Proper farm and personnel selection, comprehensive protocols, simple procedures, and proper utilization of culture results will help increase the likelihood of success of an on-farm culture program.
Boundary limits of fractional derivatives of univalent functions

Each function which is analytic and univalent in the open unit disk in the complex plane has a tangential boundary limit almost everywhere with an approach having exponential contact. In this paper...
"That’s Where the Rubber Meets the Road”: The Intersection of Special Education and Dual Language Education

BackgroundEnglish language learners (ELLs) with special needs remain an underresearched student population. Although providing services to these students proves to be a daunting task, bilingual sch...
Hohe Werte oder viele Punkte

Zwischen den Menschen wachst etwas potentiell Gefahrliches heran. Es heist Wissen oder Wissenschaft. Diese Entwicklung explodiert geradezu mit dem Internet. Das ganze Wissen der Welt wird bald per Klick verfugbar sein. Sie haben es sicher schon jahrelang in der Zeitung gelesen. Die Journalisten schreiben es in unzahligen Abwandlungen. Unsere Kinder halten es schon fur wahr.
Attenuated Codon Optimality Contributes to Neural-Specific mRNA Decay in Drosophila

Tissue-specific mRNA stability is important for cell fate and physiology, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We found that zygotic mRNA stability in Drosophila correlates with codon content: optimal codons are enriched in stable transcripts associated with metabolic functions like translation, while non-optimal codons are enriched in unstable transcripts, including those associated with neural development. Bioinformatic analyses and reporter assays revealed that similar codons stabilize or destabilize mRNAs in the nervous system and other tissues, but the link between codon content and stability is attenuated in the nervous system. We confirmed that optimal codons are decoded by abundant tRNAs while non-optimal codons are decoded by less abundant tRNAs in embryos and in the nervous system. We conclude that codon optimality is a general determinant of zygotic mRNA stability, and attenuation of codon optimality allows trans-acting factors to exert greater influence over mRNA decay in the nervous system.
My Shape: Young Men’s Perceptions of Their Relationship to Their Bodies

This study addresses the meaning young men construct around body image over their life course. The sample consisted of 25 young men’s (aged 18 to 28 years; average of 20.32 years) open-ended narrative responses to questions prompting them to reflect upon their relationship to their body, and how it
Photoreceptor identification and quantitative analysis for the detection of retinal disease in AO-OCT imaging

Adaptive optics (AO) enables imaging of cellular structures in the retina that are not visible with clinical imaging techniques, providing the potential for earlier detection of retinal disease and enhanced monitoring of progression. The aim of this work was to develop automated, quantitative techniques for characterizing the morphology of the posterior retina in AO-OCT B-scans. Images were obtained from a custom-built dual-modality AO-optical coherence tomographyscanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-OCT-SLO) imaging system. Automated segmentation and cone identification procedures were developed and applied to images from two groups: healthy controls and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) subjects. Results from the automated routines were compared to measurements made manually by an expert human reviewer, demonstrating good agreement. Results from the control subjects showed decreasing cone inner and outer segment lengths with increasing distance from the fovea. The cone outer segment tip (COST) layer had a greater variation in axial position compared to the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction. Results from the AMD group indicate that disruption in the COST layer over drusen occurs earlier and to a greater extent than the IS/OS junction, which may be useful in the detection of emerging drusen.
Treatment efficacy for human papillomavirus-related anal squamous cell dysplasia in an under-represented population: human immunodeficiency-negative, non-men having sex with men, and non-transplant population.

AIM Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal squamous cell dysplasia has been well-reported in high-risk (HR) patients [human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive, men having sex with men (MSM) or immune-suppressed transplant recipients]. However, data are extremely limited for all other patients. This study reports treatment outcomes for HPV-related dysplasia in a population of non-HR patients. METHOD A retrospective study was performed to review treatment efficacy in non-HR patients diagnosed with anal dysplasia or superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SISCCA) with at least 12-months' follow-up; HR patients were excluded. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, pathology, cytopathology, treatment and recurrences. RESULTS Forty-one patients were identified (34 women). The median age at diagnosis was 58 years (range 26-85) and median follow-up was 26 months (range 12-51). At diagnosis, 36 patients had anal dysplasia and five patients had SISCCA. Treatment outcomes (resolved versus recurrent) differed between treatment modalities (P = 0.014). Topical and fulguration-only treatment modalities were superior to wide local excision (WLE) (P < 0.006 and P < 0.008, respectively). Fourteen (39%) patients had recurrent dysplasia at a median of 14 months (range 4-62); eight patients developed a second recurrence at a median of 14 months (range 11-26). No SISCCA patient had a recurrence, but two patients progressed to anal cancer after treatment. CONCLUSION The behaviour of anal dysplasia reported in this under-represented, small group of non-HR patients reveals that treatment for anal dysplasia is not necessarily a single event and nonexcisional treatments may be favourable to WLE. Though the true denominator of this population is unknown, treatment may not prevent the recurrence of dysplasia or progression to cancer, warranting close follow-up.
Population status and demographics of Lake Sturgeon in the Bad and White rivers, Wisconsin

Abstract Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens rehabilitation efforts in Lake Superior are guided by a rehabilitation plan that sets goals and criteria for a self-sustaining population, including a mi...
Weight gain prevention content delivered to mothers: Lessons from an intervention embedded in a community organization.

Background Transparent reporting of the intervention content study participants receive is particularly important for dissemination and implementation of evidence-based interventions to address obesity. This study explores intervention delivery and perceptions of content when an intervention is embedded within an organization's usual practice and associations with weight outcomes. Methods This is a secondary analysis from the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) randomized trial. HEALTH is a weight gain prevention intervention embedded within a national home visiting programme (Parents as Teachers, PAT). To be consistent with PAT practice, HEALTH has a suggested but also flexible home visit structure. Therefore, the number and frequency of home visits are determined by the family's needs and preferences based on the parent educator's professional judgement. The proportion of participants who received each curriculum core lesson was explored among the 105 families randomized to the HEALTH intervention group, as were mean parent educator perception ratings of the visits (5-point Likert-type scale). A chi-square test was used to examine the association between utilization (ie, low: 1-6, middle: 7-12, or high: 13-18 visits) category and weight maintenance. Results Mothers received on average 13.3 (standard deviation 6.2) core visits. Mean parent educator perception of the mothers' response (out of 5) ranged from 3.99 to 4.27; educators' perception of their own experience with the lesson ranged from 4.13 to 4.34. Among mothers who maintained their weight, 13% were low, 22% were middle, and 65% were high utilizers, while among mothers who gained weight, 3%, 31%, and 67% were low, middle, and high utilizers, respectively; this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study identified wide variation in the visits families received from the curriculum but minimal variation in visit perceptions. Future studies could explore whether there are optimal patterns for visit content, associated with successful outcomes.
Increase of Solar Power Plant Work Efficiency

The article deals with the issues related to increase the efficiency of solar power plants. It is shown that for the most complete use of the solar energy, it is necessary to rotate the solar panels after the sun during the daylight hours. This rotation can be done both continuously and discretely, or in some steps. The main characteristics of each of these methods of solar panels rotating are given. Having two possible options for the implementation of the rotation of solar panels, the authors select a discrete in which the operation of an electric drive ensuring the rotation of these batteries is performed discretely. This method allows reducing electricity consumption by an electric drive, which ensures the rotation of solar panels. In this case, if the step size of the rotation of these batteries is relatively small, there will not be a noticeable decrease in the illumination of the solar cells and the power generation will decrease by a small value. The calculated data confirming a slight decrease in the illumination of the solar panels with relatively small values of steps are given.
Challenges with availability and quality of climate data in Africa

Abstract Climate data are essential in an array of climate research and applications that include analyses of climate variability and trends and modeling the impact of climate variability and change on different socioeconomic activities. However, the use of climate data for research and applications in Africa has been scanty because availability of and access to climate data is very limited. In many parts of Africa, weather stations are sparse and their number has been declining. Besides, the distribution of existing stations is uneven, with most located along major roads. Where data exist, they are often of poor quality with many gaps. There are different efforts underway to overcome these challenges. One of these efforts is the Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) initiative. This initiative works with National Meteorological Services in Africa to improve the availability and quality of climate data by combining quality-controlled station observation with satellite and reanalysis proxies.
Ensure Healthy Development for All Youth

Development of interventions and programs that address and prevent health and mental health crises in youth is the focal point of the Grand Challenge to ensure healthy development of youth. Many of the interventions and programs designed for ensuring healthy emotional, mental, behavioral, and physical development for youth only mention inclusion of parents, while not including other close family members, such as grandparents. This chapter describes the range of custodial and coparenting arrangements involving grandparents, the related risk, and protective factors for youth and identifies interventions that have demonstrated evidence of effectiveness with these families. The chapter ends with a discussion of future steps for practice, research, and policy related to innovative preventive interventions for youth in grandfamilies.
The Event-Specific Benefits of Writing About a Difficult Life Experience.

Previous research demonstrates that writing about life’s difficult moments benefits the writer cognitively and emotionally. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of writing are specific to the event written about or whether the benefits are global. This study was designed to address this issue. Participants were 120 undergraduate students who had experienced at least two difficult life events. Participants were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Experimental participants wrote about one of these difficult events and control participants wrote about an interesting life event of their choosing. Experimental participants reported their positive and negative emotions as well as their cognitive avoidance and intrusion concerning the event written about and another event not written about. Control participants reported their emotions and cognitions concerning two difficult life events. All participants also reported their general distress. These assessments were done immediately after writing and one week later. The results indicated that experimental participants were emotionally stronger, less upset, and less cognitively avoidant about the particular difficult life event they wrote about compared to an event they did not write about. Similar comparisons between ratings of a written-about and a not-written-about event were not significant for passion, fear, and cognitive intrusion. There was evidence for a possible indirect effect of writing on general distress through changes in event-specific cognitions and emotions. Discussion of these results focuses on how writing may specifically help change a writer’s feelings and thoughts about a particular situation.
Continuity of care and receipt of aggressive end of life care among women dying of ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between post-diagnosis continuity of care and receipt of aggressive end of life care among women dying of ovarian cancer. Methods This retrospective claims analysis included 6680 Medicare beneficiaries over age 66 with ovarian cancer who survived at least one year after diagnosis, had at least 4 outpatient evaluation and management visits and died between 2000 and 2016. We calculated the Bice-Boxerman Continuity of Care Index (COC) for each woman, and split COC into tertiles (high, medium, low). We compared late or no hospice use, >1 emergency department (ED) visit, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, >1 hospitalization, terminal hospitalization, chemotherapy, and invasive and/or life extending procedures among women with high or medium vs. low COC using multivariable adjusted logistic regression. Results In this sample, 49.8% of women received aggressive care in the last month of life. Compared to women with low COC, women with high COC had 66% higher odds of chemotherapy (adjusted OR 1.66 CI 1.23–2.24) in the last two weeks of life. Women with high COC also had 16% greater odds of not enrolling in hospice compared to women with low COC (adjusted OR 1.16 CI 1.01–1.33). COC was not associated with late enrollment in hospice, hospital utilization, or aggressive procedures. Conclusions COC at the end of life is complicated and may pose unique challenges in providing quality end of life care. Future work exploring the specific facets of continuity associated with quality end of life care is needed.
Current Use, Non-Use, and Future Use of Ballet Learning Technologies

Learning ballet is a complex motor task that can be effectively enhanced by technology. Learning technologies, however, are not typically used for the assessment of ballet technique due to a lack of adequate and non-invasive tools that can be pragmatically adopted. We conducted an interview-based qualitative study with seven expert ballet teachers and six pre-professional dancers to examine their current and future technology use in a ballet technique class. Through inductive and deductive analysis, we identified reasons for technology non-use and derived seven requirements that can inform the design and implementation of ballet assessment technologies including designing for: adaptation to multi-skill/multi-method environments, teacher/dancer skill augmentation, agency, non-invasive design, feedback for gross/fine movements, trust, and proprioception by supporting transformative assessment. We discuss barriers for technology acceptance and unintended consequences that should be considered when designing future technologies for ballet.
Mathematical modeling for theory-oriented research in educational technology

Mathematical modeling describes how events, concepts, and systems of interest behave in the world using mathematical concepts. This research approach can be applied to theory construction and testing by using empirical data to evaluate whether the specific theory can explain the empirical data or whether the theory fits the data available. Although extensively used in the physical sciences and engineering, as well as some social and behavioral sciences to examine theoretical claims and form predictions of future events and behaviors, theory-oriented mathematical modeling is less common in educational technology research. This article explores the potential of using theory-oriented mathematical modeling for theory construction and testing in the field of educational technology. It presents examples of how this approach was used in social, behavioral, and educational disciplines, and provides rationale for why educational technology research can benefit from a theory-oriented model-testing approach.
God and governance: Development, state capacity and the regulation of religion.

In this article, we propose a new approach to an old question: How does development affect religion-state relations? We argue that because development increases states’ ability to effectively formulate and implement policy, it will be associated with greater state regulation of religion. This stands in contrast to predominant theories that examine development's negative impact on individual religiosity while largely overlooking the impact that development may have on state institutions. We test our theory using data drawn from over 160 countries, and demonstrate that the effect of economic development on state regulation of religion is consistently positive, substantively significant, and robust to alternative measurements and the inclusion of a broad range of controls. Statistical analysis also demonstrates that the correlation between development and state regulation of religion is primarily a result of economic development's impact on state capacity, rather than social dislocation or improved coordination by religious communities. Incorporating state capacity recasts the study of religious regulation—and suggests that economic growth is unlikely to take religion off the political agenda.
Previous Experience and Tornado Preparedness in DeKalb County, Alabama

Previous experience with hazards influences people's perceptions about hazards in a variety of ways. This article investigates the influence of past experiences with tornadoes on preparedness for a tornado. A questionnaire survey study was conducted immediately following the April 2011 tornado disaster in DeKalb County, Alabama. Past experience characteristics included number of tornadoes, time (years) elapsed, seeing or hearing the tornado, seeking shelter, and experiencing damage. Tornado preparedness included owning a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather radio, participating in a tornado drill, having a tornado-resistant shelter on the premises (basement, underground shelter, or safe room), and having a plan for seeking shelter. The results will help emergency mangers in developing education programs in communities recently impacted by a tornado. The findings will also provide insight into aspects of household preparedness that would likely receive greater support from local r...
Exploring the Role of Proline Metabolism in Helicobacter Pathogenicity

Helicobacters have been associated with many diseases; including inflammatory bowel disease (Shomer, N et. al. 1997 Infec & Immun 65: 4858-64). It is thought that the chronic inflammatory response experienced by the host in response to Helicobacter infection is the cause of subsequent host disease (Maggio-Price L et. al. 2006 Cancer Research 66: 828-38). One of the preferred respiratory substrates of Helicobacters is the amino acid proline. In some bacteria, proline is metabolized by proline utilization A (PutA). PutAs have been shown to utilize substrate channeling between two active site domains: a proline dehydrogenase, and a pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (Tanner, JJ. 2008 Amino Acids 35: 719-30). The physiological importance of substrate channeling in any system is unknown. Though bioinformatical analysis indicates that Helicobacter PutAs have both domains, it is unknown if they exhibit substrate channeling, and what advantage channeling would confer. Previously, it has been shown that PutAs a...
FoxO1 Controls Effector-to-Memory Transition and Maintenance of Functional CD8 T Cell Memory

During a T cell response, naive CD8 T cells differentiate into effector cells. Subsequently, a subset of effector cells termed memory precursor effector cells further differentiates into functionally mature memory CD8 T cells. The transcriptional network underlying this carefully scripted process is not well understood. In this study, we report that the transcription factor FoxO1 plays an integral role in facilitating effector-to-memory transition and functional maturation of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. We find that FoxO1 is not required for differentiation of effector cells, but in the absence of FoxO1, memory CD8 T cells displayed features of senescence and progressive attrition in polyfunctionality, which in turn led to impaired recall responses and poor protective immunity. These data suggest that FoxO1 is essential for maintenance of functional CD8 T cell memory and protective immunity. Under competing conditions in bone marrow chimeric mice, FoxO1 deficiency did not perturb clonal expansion or effector differentiation. Instead, FoxO1-deficient memory precursor effector cells failed to survive and form memory CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, FoxO1 deficiency perturbed the memory CD8 T cell transcriptome, characterized by pronounced alterations in the expression of genes that encode transcription factors (including Tcf7), effector molecules, cell cycle regulators, and proteins that regulate fatty acid, purine, and pyramidine metabolism and mitochondrial functions. We propose that FoxO1 is a key regulator that reprograms and steers the differentiation of effector cells to functionally competent memory cells. These findings have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms that regulate the quality of CD8 T cell memory to intracellular pathogens.
Self-Efficacy and Education and Instruction

Current theoretical accounts of learning and instruction postulate that students are active seekers and processors of information (Pintrich, Cross, Kozma, & McKeachie, 1986; Shuell, 1986). Research indicates that students’ cognitions influence the instigation, direction, strength, and persistence of their achievement behaviors (Schunk, 1989b; Weinstein, 1989; Zimmerman, 1990).
EXPLORING THE TRANSFORMATIVE POTENTIAL OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS

Gender mainstreaming, with its promise of gender transformation, equality and empowerment, has become a central pillar of development discourse, policy and practice. Yet, the implementation of these promises has largely been disappointing. Proposed ‘solutions’ have brought little new to the table. This article suggests that we need to rethink the link between policy and implementation, recognising that both are political processes and that while policies set agendas, both policies and their implementation are deeply influenced by societal factors. Drawing on critical development analysis and feminist writings, the article explores the transformative potential of gender mainstreaming in international development organisations in an increasingly complex, unequal and gendered world. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Experiences of New Users of a Natural Language Interface to a Relational Database in a Controlled Setting

This paper describes the experiences encountered by new users of a natural language interface for ad hoc query of a relational database. During the study, subjects with wide ranging computer experience performed queries of varying complexity using a commercial natural language system. Their experiences are compared with those of similar subjects working on artificial language and graphical user interfaces doing the same queries. The study revealed strengths and weaknesses of the natural language interface studied as well as natural language interfaces for database query in general, and it showed that interaction with the natural language interface was qualitatively different than interaction with either of the other systems while the overall performance was quantitatively very similar.
The Basque big boy? Basque masculinities in Vaya semanita

AbstractThis article argues that the television show Vaya semanita portrays a specific Basque masculinity, different from the Spanish or Mediterranean ones. The traditional Basque masculinity shares some values with the most accepted forms of Spanish masculinities –including manhood as a challenge to be overcome, physical strength, intemperate drinking, and gluttonous eating – but differs from them in the way men behave in relation to women and sex, and the way they maintain close friendships with each other. Basque men appear as dependent on their mothers and wives, making them look emasculated and infantile. Their male bonding is also interpreted as homoeroticism and/or homosexuality. Furthermore, one of the main stereotypes that the show repeats is the difficulty in having sex in the Basque Country. Therefore, Basque men tend to adopt more of a dominant behavior among other males and in the public space, while they act more submissively in relation to women in their families. Through comedy, Vaya seman...
Kinetic hole burning, hole filling, and conformational relaxation in heme proteins: direct evidence for the functional significance of a hierarchy of dynamical processes.

Band III is a disorder and conformation-sensitive near-infrared (∼760 nm) charge transfer absorption band characteristic of equilibrium and nonequilibrium five coordinate ferrous high-spin hemes. T...
High-frequency fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

The experimental Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT/ICR) frequency range has been extended to 107 MHz. We report the observation of FT/ICR signals from electron-ionized species of mass-to-charge ratio 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 μ per elementary charge. We show that moderately high charge states of atomic ions (e.g., N3+) are easily generated and detected. Several applications for high-frequency FT/ICR mass spectrometry are proposed and discussed.
A Framework for Modeling Genetically-Aware Mosquito Vectors for Sterile Insect Technique

Vector-borne diseases account for 16% of the global infectious disease burden WHO, 2004. Many of these debilitating and sometimes fatal diseases are transmitted between human hosts by mosquitoes. Mosquito-targeted intervention methods have controlled or eliminated mosquito-borne diseases from many regions of the world but regions of constant transmission holoendemic areas still exist Molineaux et al., 1980. To eliminate these illnesses, researchers need to understand how interventions impact a mosquito population so as to identify potential avenues for new intervention techniques. This paper presents a software architecture that allows researchers to simulate transgenic interventions on a mosquito population. The authors present specifications for a model that captures these transgenic aspects and present a software architecture that meets those needs. The authors also provide a proof of concept and some observations about sterile insect technique strategies as simulated by this architecture.
Chemical synthesis and structural elucidation of a new serotonin metabolite: (4R)-2-[(5′-hydroxy-1′H-indol-3′-yl)methyl]thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

Abstract A new serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) metabolite, (4 R )-2-[(5′-hydroxy-1′ H -indol-3′-yl)methyl]thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (5′-HITCA), was synthesized in 30% overall yield. The key step involved oxidation of protected 5-hydroxytryptophol using IBX followed by spontaneous cyclization with l -cysteine. The stereochemistry of condensation product thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid was studied using NMR spectroscopy techniques.
Differential regulation of a fibroblast growth factor-binding protein by receptor-selective analogs of retinoic acid.

Abstract We have demonstrated earlier that a secreted fibroblast growth factor-binding protein (FGF-BP) can enhance angiogenesis and promote tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we found that FGF-BP expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is reduced by concentrations of retinoids that are effective in the treatment of SCC and that this repression can occur at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. To further examine the mechanism of regulation of FGF-BP by retinoids and the role played by retinoid receptor subtypes, we utilized retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-selective (TTNPB) and retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective (LG100268) ligands. In ME-180 SCC cells, FGF-BP mRNA was down-regulated by TTNPB with an ic 50 value of 1 nM, whereas transcription was only repressed at 10,000-fold higher concentrations ( ic 50 > 10 μM). This suggests that the major effects of retinoids on FGF-BP occur at the post-transcriptional level. In four additional SCC cell lines, FGF-BP was also down-regulated by TTNPB with ic 50 values of ≤ 1 nM, demonstrating that RAR receptors can modulate FGF-BP mRNA levels very effectively in SCC cells. The RXR-selective ligand on its own was only effective in two of the five cell lines ( ic 50 of ≈ 1 nM). In all of the SCC cell lines, a low concentration of RAR sensitized FGF-BP mRNA to treatment with the RXR ligand and the combination of the RXR and RAR ligands enhanced the efficacy beyond that of the individual ligands. We conclude that RAR receptors are major regulators of FGF-BP mRNA at the post-transcriptional level and propose that an RAR-induced gene product mediates the RXR effects on FGF-BP mRNA.
TREATMENT OF ENGINEERING DESIGN CONSTRAINTS IN A RELATIONAL DATA BASE

In this paper, a mechanism for representing and processing design constraints is presented. The mechanism can be used for checking constraints, that is, determining whether they are satisfied or violated, as well as for assigning attribute values such that the applicable constraints are thereby satisfied. Furthermore, thee mechanism provides flexibility in sequencing the enforcement of constraints, by allowing new constraints to be applied to a preexisting state of thee data base as well as to all subsequent transactions on thee data base. In both these respects, the mechanism proposed appears to have applications beyond engineering design. The paper demonstrates the implementation of the constraint management mechanism using the Relational Information Management (RIM) system, a commercially available data base management system (DBMS). (Author)