cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hygrothermal effects on the dynamic compressive properties of graphite/epoxy composite material

The effects of temperature and moisture on the response of graphite/epoxy laminated composites to high strain rate penetration loading using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus was investigated. The results show that in the thickness direction loading under extreme temperature, moisture and combined moisture and temperature conditions, the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and energy absorbed decrease exponentially. Failure strain and displacement increase linearly with temperature and moisture with particle velocity increasing linearly with temperature but independent of moisture content. The combined effect of temperature and moisture on the damage process was more apparent than the effect of temperature or moisture acting alone. At the same impact energy, the results show the failure properties to be sensitive to the strain rate, with energy absorbed increasing linearly with strain rate at low temperature and remaining relatively constant at high temperature. The compressive yield strength increases as the strain rate increases both at low and high temperatures while the ultimate strength (maximum strength) decreases slightly with strain rate.
Being Observed Eating School Meals Does Not Influence Dietary Recalls by Fourth-Grade Children

Text: We investigated whether being observed eating school meals influences children’s dietary recalls. Of 558 randomly-selected fourth-grade children (96% Black), 376 (assigned at random) were observed eating breakfast and lunch, and interviewed to obtain a 24-hour recall; the other 182 children were interviewed without having been observed. Within groups (observation [OBS]; no-observation-control [NOC]), children were randomly assigned to one of six interview protocols created by crossing two target periods (TP) (previous day [PDTP]; prior 24 hours [24TP]) with three interview times (IT) (morning; afternoon [AIT]; evening). Per protocol, OBS group had 62-64 children (half boys); NOC group had 30-31 children (half boys). Interviewers were blind to observation status. For each of four variables (number of meals/snacks reported in TP; number of meal components reported at school meals; number of items reported at school meals; interview length [in minutes]), analysis of variance was conducted with group, TP, IT, their interactions, and sex in the model. For each of four variables, results failed to indicate significance for group (p’s 0.294), group-x-TP (p’s 0.127), group-x-IT (p’s 0.153), and group-x-TP-x-IT (p’s 0.304), suggesting that school-meal observations do not influence children’s recalls. TP affected meals/snacks (p 0.0039) and interview length (p 0.0001) [with both greater for 24TP than PDTP], and TP-x-IT affected meal components (p 0.0043) and items (p 0.0122) [with both smallest for PDTP/AIT and greatest for 24TP/AIT], indicating that variables were sufficiently reliable to detect manipulations. In summary, conclusions about recalls from children observed eating school meals in validation studies are generalizable to recalls from comparable but unobserved children in non-validation studies.
Distributed sensing, actuation, communication, and control in emerging industrial applications

The continued development of inexpensive sensors, embedded computation, and communication networks has greatly increased the opportunity for designing, deploying, and controlling large interconnected systems Applications range from “smart” structures embedded with sensors, actuators, and compute power, to multi-vehicle autonomous systems. This talk will present our experiences with these types of systems, ranging from the very theoretical to the very applied.
Photoelastic response of alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses

Understanding the structural origins of the photoelastic response in oxide glasses is important for discovering new families of zero-stress optic glasses and for developing a predictive physical model. In this Letter, we have investigated the composition dependence of the stress optic coefficient C of 32 sodium aluminosilicate glasses with different types of alkaline earth oxides (MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO). We find that most of the composition dependence of the stress optic response can be captured by a linear regression model and that the individual contributions from the alkaline earths to C depend on the alkaline earth-oxygen bond metallicity. High bond metallicity is required to allow bonds to be distorted along both the bonding direction and perpendicular to it. These findings are valuable for understanding the photoelastic response of oxide glasses.
Ray equations in retarded Snell midpoint coordinates

Group velocity (ray) equations describe the dynamic behavior of wave‐equation extrapolators in the high‐frequency limit. They are found in general from the dispersion relation of an arbitrary acoustic wave equation. Wave‐equation operators require a background extrapolation velocity. As an application of the group velocity equations, a sensitivity analysis to the background‐operator velocity illustrates the trade‐off between uncertainty in velocity and precision in imaging. Exact wave extrapolators are most useful when the exact velocity function is known. Wave‐equation imaging for velocity analysis in Snell midpoint coordinates requires velocity‐insensitive extrapolation operators. In this frame of reference, approximations of the exact acoustic wave equation are referenced to an arbitrary angle of propagation. Group velocity equations show that in Snell midpoint coordinates, using wide‐reference propagation angles, the fifteen‐degree wave equation gives satisfactory velocity‐independent images. The fort...
Sulodexide: A renewed interest in this glycosaminoglycan

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are the most abundant group of heteropolysaccharides found in the body. These long unbranched molecules contain a repeating disaccharide unit. GAGs are located primarily in the extracellular matrix or on the surface of cells. These molecules serve as lubricants in the joints while at the same time providing structural rigidity to cells. Sulodexide is a highly purified glycosaminoglycan composed of a fast mobility heparin fraction as well as dermatan sulfate. Sulodexide differs from other glycosaminoglycans, like heparin, by having a longer half-life and a reduced effect on systemic clotting and bleeding. In addition, sulodexide demonstrates a lipolytic activity that is increased in comparison to heparin. Oral administration of sulodexide results in the release of tissue plasminogen activator and an increase in fibrinolytic activities. An increasing body of research has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of sulodexide in a wide range of vascular pathologies.
The systemic effect of intraarticular administration of corticosteroid on markers of bone formation and bone resorption in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective. To assess the effects of intraarticular (IA) corticosteroid use on bone metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Levels of the bone turnover markers, serum osteocalcin (BGP) and urinary pyridinoline (PYD), were monitored in RA patients for 4 weeks following a single IA administration of xylocaine alone or in combination with triamcinolone acetonide. Results. Levels of the bone resorption marker, PYD, did not show any significant change, whereas BGP levels were drastically decreased 1 day after IA administration of corticosteroid, and then returned to pretreatment levels by day 14. The efficacy of IA corticosteroid treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Conclusion. Our results suggest that IA administration of corticosteroid has no net effects on bone resorption and only a transient systemic effect on bone formation. IA corticosteroid administration may be better for bone metabolism than continuous use of orally administered corticosteroid.
A comparative predictive analysis of neural networks (NNs), nonlinear regression and classification and regression tree (CART) models

Numerous articles comparing performances of statistical and Neural Networks (NNs) models are available in the literature, however, very few involved Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models in their comparative studies. We perform a three-way comparison of prediction accuracy involving nonlinear regression, NNs and CART models using a continuous dependent variable and a set of dichotomous and categorical predictor variables. A large dataset on smokers is used to run these models. Different prediction accuracy measuring procedures are used to compare performances of these models. The outcomes of predictions are discussed and the outcomes of this research are compared with the results of similar studies.
Round 3 at JASN (2001 to 2007): Recollections of the Third Editorial Team

It is a pleasure to have this opportunity to look back and comment on our term as the third editor-in-chief, deputy editor, and editorial assistant of JASN from 2001 to 2007 and to try to place that period in historical perspective. Thoughts at the beginning and the end of our term have been published in JASN before.1,2 It is again humbling to acknowledge the monumental accomplishments of the first JASN team under Jared Grantham, who founded the journal in July 1990 and established its reputation for excellence from day 1 and to follow the second team led by Craig Tisher, which maintained and enhanced JASN 's preeminence as renal science entered the era of cellular and molecular biology that swept through the scientific world in the late 1990s. From 2001 through 2007, it was our mission, as its third editorial team, to maintain JASN 's already well-earned stature as the top-ranked kidney journal in the continuously evolving world of sophisticated science in molecular biology and genetics while also better serving the …
A Dynamic Theory of Battle Victory and Defeat

Victory or defeat in battle is modeled as a set of flow charts for dynamic simulation. Two main causal pathways are: from material resources via logistics to firepower at point of assault; and from organizational morale (emotional energy, coordination, discipline) to maneuver. According to empirical research by the author and others, the crucial event is organizational breakdown, which is more strongly affected by maneuver than by firepower of assault, and which leads to battle victory or defeat. Casualties are more strongly affected by organizational breakdown than by assault firepower. Additional pathways lead to attrition, feedbacks to material resources and to morale, and to long-term war outcomes and geopolitical consequences. Revolutions in military technology do not require a separate model or new theory, since all technological innovations operate by changing the strength of pathways in the basic model. These models give a more precise understanding of Clausewitzian friction or “fog of war.”
Type I Interferon Induction Pathway, but Not Released Interferon, Participates in the Maturation of Dendritic Cells Induced by Negative-Strand RNA Viruses

Signaling through toll-like receptors (TLRs) is essential for dendritic cell (DC) maturation induced by bacteria and other pathogens. The mechanism for virus-induced DC maturation is not known. By use of pairs of live viruses with different abilities to induce the interferon (IFN) pathway, a strong correlation between DC maturation and the ability of the virus to induce type I IFN synthesis was demonstrated. The secreted IFN was not necessary, nor was it sufficient to induce full DC maturation. Intracellular viral replication is necessary for this process, and the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB was crucial for cytokine induction. The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase was not essential for DC maturation. Similar to TLR-induced DC maturation, after virus infection, separate pathways for the induction of cytokine secretion and the up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules were activated. It was demonstrated that these pathways have different sensitivities to the presence of viral stimulus.
Law Enforcement Officers’ Attitudes About Domestic Violence

This exploratory study examines attitudes about domestic violence among officers from a large urban police department. Additionally, this study examines whether attitudes vary according to officer characteristics. A total of 309 police officers responded to a survey that explored their attitudes and perceptions of domestic violence incidents. The results show that officers are well versed in handling domestic violence, though self-reports indicate that police personnel who respond to the calls are concerned about their limited amount of discretion. Additionally, when comparing attitudes based on officer characteristics, more similarities are found than differences. Implications for future research are discussed.
The chemical properties of bimetallic surfaces: bonding between CO and Zn on Ru(001)

Abstract The adsorption of CO on Zn/Ru(001) surfaces has been studied using thermal desorption mass spectroscopy, core and valence level photoemission and Auger spectroscopy. At 80 K, CO does not adsorb on thick Zn films under ultra-high vacuum conditions. In contrast, adsorption of the molecule is observed on Zn atoms bonded to Ru(001). Bimetallic bonding induces a reduction of ∼ 0.5 eV in the binding energy of the core and valence levels of Zn. This shift probably increases the strength of the ZnCO bond. CO molecules adsorbed on Zn adatoms show an O(1s) binding energy close to 535.2 eV and a desorption temperature of ∼ 125 K. Both properties indicate that π-backbonding is very weak in the ZnCO bond. For CO chemisorption on Zn/Ru(001) surfaces, Zn blocks Ru sites approximately on a one-to-one basis and induces a weakening of the RuCO bond.
Computable Boolean algebras

Feiner [F] showed that a Boolean algebra need not have a computable copy (see also [T2]). Downey and Jockusch [D-J] showed that every low Boolean algebra does have a computable copy. Thurber [T3], showed that every low2 Boolean algebra has a computable copy. Here we show that every Boolean algebra which is low3, or even low4, has a computable copy.The results of [D-J] and [T3] were obtained by passing to linear orderings. In [D-J], there is an embedding theorem saying that any linear ordering which is with the successor relation as an added predicate can be embedded in a slightly larger linear ordering which is computable. An isomorphism theorem of Remmel [R] is used to show that the interval algebras of the two linear orderings are isomorphic (except in a trivial case). In [T3], there is an embedding theorem saying that any linear ordering which is with certain added predicates can be embedded in one which is with successor. Again the isomorphism theorem of Remmel is used to show that the interval algebras are isomorphic (except in a trivial case).Here, instead of passing to linear orderings, we work directly with Boolean algebras. We begin with a review of the known results. We re-formulate the embedding theorems of Downey-Jockusch and Thurber in terms of Boolean algebras. We extract from Remmel's isomorphism theorem some information on complexity. In this way, we show that a low Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a computable one by an isomorphism which is , at worst, and the same is true for a low2 Boolean algebra.
Bayesian cure rate models for malignant melanoma: a case‐study of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial E1690

We propose several Bayesian models for modelling time-to-event data. We consider a piecewise exponential model, a fully parametric cure rate model and a semiparametric cure rate model. For each model, we derive the likelihood function and examine some of its properties for carrying out Bayesian inference with non-informative priors. We also examine model identifiability issues and give conditions which guarantee identifiability. Also, for each model, we construct a class of informative prior distributions based on historical data, i.e. data from similar previous studies. These priors, called power priors, prove to be quite useful in this context. We examine the properties of the power priors for Bayesian inference and, in particular, we study their effect on the current analysis. Tools for model comparison and model assessment are also proposed. A detailed case-study of a recently completed melanoma clinical trial conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group is presented and the methodology proposed is demonstrated in detail.
Oncologic Risk Stratification Following Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Appendiceal Carcinomatosis

Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of appendiceal origin demonstrate variable oncologic outcomes, despite aggressive cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS–HIPEC). We sought to devise a prognostic risk stratification system for oncologic outcomes following CRS–HIPEC. A total of 197 patients undergoing CRS–HIPEC for the treatment of appendiceal PC were reviewed from a prospective database. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify prognostic factors affecting oncologic outcomes. Clinicopathologic variables affecting overall survival (OS) were utilized to develop a prognostic staging system and nomograms. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high-grade tumor histology, lymph node metastasis, and incomplete cytoreduction were high-risk features, adversely affecting OS. Patients were stratified on the presence of high-risk features as follows: low-risk patients had no risk factors (n = 102); intermediate-risk patients had one risk factor (n = 49); and high-risk patients had more than one risk factor (n = 46). Median OS for low-risk patients was not reached, and was 43 and 22 months for intermediate-risk and high-risk patients, respectively. Five-year OS was 72, 43, and 13 % for low-, intermediate- and high-risk patients, respectively (p < 0.0003 for low vs. intermediate risk, and p = 0.06 for intermediate vs. high risk). We propose a three-tier staging system for appendiceal PC following CRS–HIPEC, based on histologic grade, lymph node involvement, and completeness of cytoreduction. The presence of any one or more of these high-risk features significantly decreased survival in our single-institution database and provided the basis for a prognostic staging system and corresponding nomograms.
Relative expression of the human epithelial Na+ channel subunits in normal and cystic fibrosis airways

The availability of the newly cloned subunits (alpha, beta, gamma) of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) permits molecular studies of the pathogenesis of the abnormal Na+ transport rates of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia. Northern analyses of airway epithelia showed that both normal and CF airway epithelia express ENaC subunit mRNAs in a ratio of alpha > beta > gamma. In situ hybridization studies revealed expression of all three ENaC subunits in the superficial epithelium and the alpha- and beta-subunits in the gland ductular and acinar epithelium of both normal and CF airways. Ribonuclease protection assays revealed that the steady-state levels of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC mRNAs were similar in CF and normal airway superficial epithelia. These findings indicate that 1) Na+ transport defects in CF airways disease may be expressed in glandular acinar and ductal epithelium as well as superficial epithelium, and 2) the molecular pathogenesis of Na+ hyperabsorption in CF airways does not reflect increased levels of Na+ channel mRNAs, and probably number, but reflects an absence of the normal inhibitory regulation of Na+ channels by CF transmembrane conductance regulator proteins.
Diagnosing Mobile Apps' Quality of Experience: Challenges and Promising Directions

How can mobile app developers characterize and diagnose problems that could hinder users' quality of experience?
Studies of grain boundary regions in deformed polycrystalline aluminum using spherical nanoindentation

Abstract In this work, we use novel protocols based on spherical nanoindentation and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) to quantify the local changes in slip resistances in the grain boundary regions of deformed, polycrystalline aluminum. The new protocols involve the use of the recently developed methods for extracting indentation stress–strain (ISS) curves from raw nanoindentation data in conjunction with the measurement of local microstructure at the indentation site using OIM to study the changes in the local slip resistances as a function of distance from the grain boundaries. Eight grain boundaries were selected for this work such that they included a broad range of boundaries, including low and high (grain-to-grain misorientation) angle boundaries as well as low, moderate, and high deviations in the Taylor factors of the grains on either side of the boundary. It was concluded that there was additional hardening in the grain boundary region when a Taylor ‘soft’ grain was present next to a Taylor ‘hard’ grain. This hardening was consistently observed on the soft grain side with one exception where hardening was observed on both sides of the boundary. A positive correlation was observed between the difference in Taylor factor across the boundary and the amount of hardening on the ‘soft’ grain side. However, no correlation was observed between the grain-to-grain misorientation angle and the extent of hardening at the grain boundary.
Southern Ocean Deep Circulation and Heat Uptake in a High-Resolution Climate Model

AbstractThe dynamics of the lower cell of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the Southern Ocean are compared in two versions of a global climate model: one with high-resolution (0.1°) ocean and sea ice and the other a lower-resolution (1.0°) counterpart. In the high-resolution version, the lower cell circulation is stronger and extends farther northward into the abyssal ocean. Using the water-mass-transformation framework, it is shown that the differences in the lower cell circulation between resolutions are explained by greater rates of surface water-mass transformation within the higher-resolution Antarctic sea ice pack and by differences in diapycnal-mixing-induced transformation in the abyssal ocean.While both surface and interior transformation processes work in tandem to sustain the lower cell in the control climate, the circulation is far more sensitive to changes in surface transformation in response to atmospheric warming from raising carbon dioxide levels. The substantial reduction ...
On A Determinant Function Involving the Parameter of A Plane Curve

(1937). On A Determinant Function Involving the Parameter of A Plane Curve. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 218-221.
Past Glory and Future Promise: Maximizing and Improving Understanding of Atrophy Patterns in the Diagnosis of Degenerative Dementias

In this issue of the AJNR , Hanyu and colleagues ([page ?][1]) present an elegant quantitative study that compares the thickness of the substantia innominata in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to that in elderly non-AD subjects with dementia and elderly non-AD subjects without dementia.
Modeling and Optimization Design of a Missile Ejecting Mechanism

A kinematics and multi-body dynamics model of a missile ejecting mechanism is established and analyzed by a mechanical equivalence dynamic method.Then,an optimization program based on classical optimization theory is developed by MATLAB in order to optimize this mechanism aimed at getting appropriate cylinder force and optimal geometric dimensions satisfying mechanical design requirements.
Surgical Improvement of the Cerebral-Palsied Upper Limb

Experience with 128 operations on the upper limbs of forty patients with cerebral palsy at Sonoma State Hospital is discussed in terms of preoperative evaluation and prerequisites for operations, electromyographic findings and their clinical applications, specific surgical measures employed and their indications, and preliminary assessment of results, which will require re-evaluation in ten years or more to determine the true results.
A Knowledge-Based Explanation of Franchise System Resources and Performance

The knowledge-based view (KBV) holds that the knowledge that an organization possesses is its most important strategic resource. Despite how important the adequate use of knowledge is to franchise system success, the KBV has yet to guide many franchising studies. The most important principle of KBV is to recognize system-wide resources through the eyes of knowledge-based resources. Using two separate secondary data sets, we examine the relationships between the knowledgeable employment of system resources and system performance. Empirical results reveal consistent support for our hypotheses. The ensuing discussion focuses on the implications of our findings.
Razorback sucker transbasin movement through Lake Powell, Utah

Abstract We documented four razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) individuals originally stocked in the San Juan River, New Mexico, subsequently recaptured in the Colorado and Green rivers, Utah. Each fish moved >550 km between stocking and recapture locations. The time between detections was 171–1,519 days. These movements included ≥210 km through Lake Powell. Lake Powell was previously thought to be a barrier between razorback sucker populations in the San Juan River and the Colorado and Green rivers.
On Chronometers, Cartography, and Curiosity

In the fall of the year 1766, the Spanish ambassador, Prince of Masserano (1713–1777), painfully inched himself through the Court of St. James to voice his grave concern with the British government. Bothered by one of his frequent bouts of gout, the ambassador was in a foul mood. From his perspective, it had not been a good year: British officials still demanded ransom for their occupation of Manila four years earlier, had most likely established residence in the Malvinas (Falkland) Islands, and were now officially announcing that Commodore John Byron had traversed the Pacific Ocean on his recent circumnavigation. In Masserano’s mind, this ocean figured as a Spanish territory beyond dispute. Armed with a copy of the Treaty of Utrecht, which ended the War of Spanish succession in 1713, Massarano aimed at proving once and for all that the Spanish Crown was master of all the oceans surrounding its most sacred American possessions. Verily, the treaty stipulated neither the range nor the degree of Spanish control over these seas, nor did it acknowledge an Iberian right of first discovery to their many islands. Therefore, when Masserano maintained, not without reason, that Spanish mariners had sailed Pacific waters for generations, he found himself rebuffed by English diplomats who sternly refused to accept the Pacific as a Spanish mare clausum.
The Education of Physically Handicapped Children In Yugoslavia

The authors are indebted to Professor Branko Bajic, Dr. Miroslav Zotovic, and Mrs. Branca Savic, all of Belgrade, for assembling much of the data on which this article is based. Professor Bajic is currently the recipient of the Donald Dabelstein Fellowship of the World Rehabilitation Fund, and is doing advanced work in special education at San Francisco State College.
Aerodigestive Tract Chemoprevention Trials and Prevention of Second Primary Tumors

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the development of new treatment strategies and intermediate markers for head and neck cancer. The major cancer sites discussed include the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Chemoprevention trials are based on the hypothesis that an interruption of the biological processes involved in carcinogenesis will inhibit this process and, in turn, reduce cancer incidence. This hypothesis provides a framework for the design and evaluation of chemoprevention trials, including the rationale for the selection of agents that are likely to inhibit biological processes and the development of intermediate markers associated with carcinogenesis. Various chemopreventive agents have been studied in over 40 randomized trials since 1990. Some clinical activity has been demonstrated in these studies, proving the potential utility of this method of cancer prevention. Still, large randomized trials are needed before chemoprevention agents can be fully integrated into standard oncologic practice. Chemopreventive agents have demonstrated efficacy thus far and may have a future role in treating and, more importantly, preventing head and neck cancers in high-risk individuals. Second primary tumors (SPTs) have emerged as an increasingly important problem, despite curative local therapy, underscoring the principle of field cancerization. Chemopreventive agents have impacted this arena as well and as further studies are performed, their role in preventing (SPTs) will be further defined. Small molecule compounds that target specific receptors or mutations may play a significant role as their side-effect profiles are tolerable.
Abstract 3589: Nucleotide excision repair is elevated in stage IV commonly used breast cancer cell lines as compared to stage I breast tumor explants

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Genomic instability is a hallmark of human carcinogenesis. We have previously published that sporadic stage I breast tumors exhibit deficient Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) capacity relative to non-diseased breast reduction primary cultures (Latimer et al., 2010). In the present work, we hypothesized that this feature of early human breast cancer would not be maintained in cell lines established from late stage tumors. Our objective was to determine functional NER capacity and relative NER gene expression in a series of commonly used stage IV breast cancer-derived cell lines relative to stage I breast cancer explants and cell lines. NER capacity was determined using the functional unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay in six established breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MCF-7LY2, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, CAMA-1, BT-20). JL BTL-12 (Jean Latimer Breast Tumor Line-12), derived from a stage III breast tumor, was included to represent an advanced stage tumor cell line established using our culture system. The NER capacity of the cell lines was compared to that of 19 stage I breast tumor primary cultures. NER gene expression was determined by expression microarray using the Affymetrix HG U-133 plus 2.0 chip in five of these established cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, CAMA-1, BT-20), JL BTL-12 and a representative stage I tumor-derived cell line (JL BTL-8, Breast Tumor Line-8). The stage IV cell lines and JL BTL-12 all manifested significantly higher NER capacity than explants of stage I breast cancer. Unsupervised as well as supervised analyses, based on expression of the canonical 20 NER genes, placed JL BTL-12 and the five stage IV commercial cell lines in one cluster, while JL BTL-8 clustered separately. Four NER genes were significantly upregulated in JL BTL-12 and all commercial cell lines relative to JL BTL-8. In conclusion, based on NER these five cell lines commonly used in breast cancer research are more representative of late stage disease than early stage breast cancer, regardless of the type of breast cancer they represent. The most commonly diagnosed stage of breast cancer in the U.S. is now stage I, and it is now possible to study stage I cell lines or explants. Citation Format: Homood As Sobeai, Jennifer M. Johnson, Nancy Lalanne, Omar Ibrahim, Stephen G. Grant, Sharon L. Wenger, Jean J. Latimer. Nucleotide excision repair is elevated in stage IV commonly used breast cancer cell lines as compared to stage I breast tumor explants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3589.
Difference Topology: Analysis of High-Order DNA-Protin Assemblies

DNA transactions in biological systems are often carried out by multisubunit protein assemblies that confer a defined topology on their DNA target sites. A subset of biochemically characterized site-specific recombination reactions and at least one DNA transposition reaction have been subject to extensive topological analysis. It is conceivable that interactions between the replication apparatus and origins of replication or those between transcription machineries and promoters, enhancers and repressor binding sequences also impose precise topological constraints on the path of DNA. Such ‘topological filters’ are thought to stabilize DNA-protein configurations that are conducive to triggering the chemical steps of the respective reactions. ‘Difference topology’ is a simple method for deciphering the DNA topology within complex DNA-protein machines that are not readily amenable to standard structural analyses. The logic is to trap the crossings formed by distinct DNA segments by tying them into knots or links by site-specific DNA inversion and deletion, respectively, carried out by a recombinase. The number of such crossings can then be counted by analytical methods such as gel electrophoresis or electron microscopy.
Risk of Serious Skin Rash with Antiepileptic Drugs

The risk of serious cutaneous reactions during the introduction of antiepileptic drug treatments was evaluated by a cohort study of prescription and hospitalization files for the Province of Saskatchewan, Canada, conducted at Worldwide Epidemiology, Glaxo Wellcome, Research Trangle Park, NC; and the Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Do we need to know and can we determine the complete macrostructures of synthetic polymers

Abstract The complete molecular architectures of synthetic polymers, which may be called their macrostructures, consist of the types and amounts of short-range microstructural elements they contain, such as comonomer, regio- and stereosequences, branches, cross-links etc. , as well as their locations along the polymer backbone. While spectroscopic probes that are only sensitive to local polymer structures, like NMR, can identify and quantify short-range microstructural elements, they are unable to locate their positions along the polymer backbone. Consequently, the present situation regarding our ability to characterize the complete chemical structures of synthetic polymers would be analogous to that of proteins if it were only possible to determine their amino acid compositions or possibly the amounts of consecutive pairs or even triplets of constituent amino acids, rather than their complete macrostructures, i.e. , their complete amino acid sequences or primary structures. While the genetic DNA code may be read to determine the primary structures of most proteins, we have no such synthetic template for man-made polymers which can be utilized to determine their complete macrostructural architectures. Just as the primary sequences of proteins determine their secondary, tertiary, and even quaternary structures, and of course their resultant biological functions, it can logically be presumed that the behaviors of synthetic polymers are also principally the result of their complete structural architectures. Though important, the types and quantities of short-range microstructures polymers contain and which constitutes our present level of structural knowledge, is insufficient for the development of truly relevant structure-property relations. In addition, the degree of macrostructural heterogeneity among the chains in polymer samples is also expected to strongly influence the behaviors of materials made from them, and so this related issue also needs to be addressed. Here we summarize our recent attempts to develop and demonstrate an experimental approach that can be used to begin to characterize the complete macrostructures of synthetic polymers and to illustrate the relevance of this knowledge to understanding their properties and behaviors.
Effect of Conventional and Microwave Heating on Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus plantarum in Meat Tissue1

Conventional cooking in an oven at 176 ± 6 C proved to be more destructive than microwave cooking when individual strains of Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Streptococcus faecalis were inoculated and grown in aseptically obtained meat tissue and then heated and compared at similar final internal temperatures. P. putrefaciens was the most heat sensitive microorganism in both cooking techniques. S. faecalis was the most heat resistant strain when cooked by conventional means but L. plantarum proved to be the most resistant when heat was applied by microwave energy.
Relationship between learning indicators in the development and result of the building engineering degree final project

The present work can be included in a much broader investigation related to the content, methodology and success of the Final Degree Project (FDP) in the framework of Building and Construction Management. The aim of our proposal is to study the current FDP in Technical Architecture and Building Engineering degrees using an academic analytics approach. Here, we will focus on the first stage, in order to establish a relationship among the main academic indicators that determine the FDP outcome. The typology of the final projects in engineering degrees requires the use of abilities and technical competences described in several academic plans, in order to prepare the student for joining the job market. This work focuses on and compares the 2004--2007 and 2012--2015 periods (pre and post Bologna), in order to examine the effect of expanding the academic plan from three to four academic years. The results confirm an improvement in the final marks the students attained in the second period, which can be related to the changes in the academic plan.
Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy Case Volume Predicts Outcome of Laparoscopic Approach: A Population-based Analysis.

Objective:To determine if laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is safe and offers benefits over open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) at institutions with lower pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) volume.Background:Although a hospital-based case volume-outcome relationship for morbidity, mortality, and
South Indian foragers’ acculturation in the deep past

Some seeming ‘traditions’ of contemporary foragers may be the result of acculturation in the deep past.1 It is suggested that South Indian foragers in particular may have had more than one round of acculturation over time. Eight well-studied cultures are examined using DNA, archaeological and linguistic findings, in addition to historic and ethnographic materials. Particular attention is paid to linguistic materials because of linguistic anomalies. It is apparent that four acculturation experiences may best explain present day cultural and linguistic phenomena.
Factors affecting the long-term survival of eBay ventures: a longitudinal study

With 40% of the world able to access the internet, online marketplaces provide the small entrepreneur with a hitherto incomprehensible opportunity to reach a global audience with very low barriers to entry and low risk. Yet, academic research has not studied the factors unique to online businesses that affect their long-term survival. This study is the first of its kind that does so using data gathered from eBay’s feedback system in 2004, 2009, and 2013. The results present data on the rate of discontinuance of eBay ventures. Further, a logistic regression analysis suggests that unique factors such as venture size, age, and feedback reputation positively influence the likelihood of long-term survival of an eBay venture. Based on these results and the ensuing discussion, implications for researchers and practitioners are provided.
Dynamic user interfaces for control systems

Control systems monitor and command other devices, systems, and software within an infrastructure. Typically, control systems employ human-in-the-loop control for critical decision making and response. These end-users require easy access to accurate, actionable and relevant data to ensure quick and effective decision making. This work presents a framework for creating dynamic visual interfaces for improved situational awareness. The proposed framework determines the relevance of available information pieces and then applies the derived relevance scores to a visualization so that the most relevant and important information are emphasized to the end-users. In the presented work, a priori expert knowledge is encoded in the system through the use of Fuzzy Logic (FL) and the resulting FL inference system assigns scores to information pieces based on system state information and user defined relevance. These scores can then be used to organize and display the relevant data given the current situation and end-user roles. The proposed FL based scoring system was implemented on a real world control system dataset and we demonstrate how the information visualization is dynamically adapted to improve situational awareness. Further, we discuss potential methods the relevance scores can be incorporated into real world visualizations to increase the situational awareness in control systems.
The patient-centered medical home model: healthcare services utilization and cost for non-elderly adults with mental illness.

Background: The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model is designed to improve health outcomes while containing the cost of care. However, the evidence is inconclusive.Aims: The aim of this stud...
Advanced directional networking: LTE vs WiFi radios

Advanced Nodes are the main components of Physical Layer based fully-directional networks. They consist of sets of appropriately programmed antenna arrays that enable them to conform to the standards of the radio being used. This paper provides an in-depth comparison of advanced nodes implementations for the two main choices of radios: 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) and IEEE 802.11 (WiFi). Component-by-component comparison is carried out, investigating several implementation aspects as well as estimated performance (in terms of standard performance metrics such as bit error rate, data rate, capacity, coverage radius) for the two radios. Based on the comparison, the associated implementation trade-offs are analyzed which help in choosing between the two radios.
Bisfuranoid mycotoxins: their genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.

Bisfuranoid mycotoxins are a family of fungal metabolites that contain in their molecules a characteristic dihydrobisfuran ring structure. Some representative bisfuranoid mycotoxins are aflatoxins B1, Gl, M1, sterigmatocystin, O- methylsterigmatocystin, and versicolorin A (See Figure 1 & 2).
The Phantom Array: A Perisaccadic Illusion of Visual Direction

Naive observers (N = 75) were asked to saccade in the dark across a point light source blinking on and off at 200 Hz and to describe the resultant phantom array (Hershberger, 1987). The vast majority represented this perisaccadic illusion of visual direction essentially as Hershberger described it. Replicable features of the phantom array imply that the perisaccadic shift of retinal local signs (i.e., spatiotopic coordinates) is discontinuous, comprising two separate parts, a discrete partial shift that occurs before the eyes start to move, and a continuous partial shift that is completed at about the same time as the eye movement. Although these implications are consistent with recent experimental findings, they are inconsistent with the received view that retinal local signs shift sluggishly. The phantom array implies that the faster, presaccadic, partial shift has a time constant of 5 ms or less.
Evaluating the Boosting Approach to Machine Learning for Formation Lithology Classification

Abstract For petroleum exploration and engineering, the classification of underground formation lithology from well log data is a task of considerable import. This is because, lithology classification is the basis of reservoir parameter calculations and geological research studies. With the rising prowess of cheap computational devices, large amounts of data can now be analyzed with much higher accuracy and efficiency. Hence, there have recently been increased efforts to automate lithology classification. In one such effort, Xie et al. (2018) recently evaluated five machine learning methods to classify formation lithology by using data from the Daniudui gas field (DGF) and Hangjinqi gas field (HGF). Although their tree-based ensemble models performed well, there is still scope for improvement in the predictive ability. Motivated by the encouraging results obtained from the boosting approach to machine learning in their work, we applied this approach in our work with the aim of improving upon the predictive ability of their ensemble models. Specifically, we applied the AdaBoost and LogitBoost meta-algorithms using decision stumps and random trees as base learners. We evaluated the boosted trees by calculating metrics such as precision, recall, F1-score and PRC area after implementing 5-fold and 10-fold stratified cross-validation. In our analysis, amongst the applied metaalgorithms, we found that the implementation of the LogitBoost meta-algorithm, with random tree as a base learner, possessed the highest performance metrics.
Why Markdown as a Pricing Modality

Markdown as a pricing modality is ubiquitous in retail whereas everyday low price (EDLP) remains relatively rare (despite its several advantages, such as simplicity). This paper explores whether an...
Impact of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae on intestinal amino acid digestibility and endogenous amino acid losses in pigs

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae (Bhyo) induces mucohemorrhagic diarrhea in pigs and is an economically significant disease worldwide. Our objectives were to determine the impact of Bhyo on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), ileal digestibility (AID), and ileal basal endogenous losses (BEL) in grower pigs. In addition, we assessed the effect of Bhyo on hindgut disappearance of DM, N, and GE. Thirty-two Bhyo negative gilts (38.6 ± 0.70 kg BW) were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and individually penned. In replicates 1 and 2, pigs were fed a complete diet (7 Bhyo-, 10 Bhyo+ pigs) or nitrogen-free diet (NFD; 4 Bhyo-, 11 Bhyo+ pigs), respectively. Across multiple rooms, the 21 Bhyo+ pigs (62.6 ± 1.39 kg BW) were inoculated with Bhyo on day post inoculation (dpi) 0, and the 11 Bhyo- pigs were sham inoculated. Feces were collected from 9 to 11 dpi and ileal digesta collected from 12 to 13 dpi. All pigs were euthanized at 14 to 15 dpi and intestinal tract pathology assessed. Within the complete diet and NFD treatments, data were analyzed to determine pathogen effects. All Bhyo- pigs remained Bhyo negative, and 5 Bhyo+ pigs in each replicate were confirmed Bhyo positive within 9 dpi. Infection with Bhyo reduced ATTD of DM, N, and GE and increased AID of Gly (P < 0.05). No other AA AID differences were observed. Only BEL of Pro was reduced (P < 0.05) while Arg, Trp, and Gly tended (P < 0.10) to be reduced in Bhyo+ pigs. When calculated from AID and BEL, Bhyo infection reduced standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of N, Arg, Lys, Ala, Gly, Pro, and Ser (P < 0.05) and tended to reduce Thr SID (P = 0.09). In the hindgut of Bhyo+ pigs, there was generally an appearance of nutrients rather than disappearance. In Bhyo+ pigs fed a complete diet, hindgut appearance of N and GE were increased (P < 0.05) by 58 and nine-fold, respectively, and DM tended to be increased two-fold (P = 0.06). Similarly, in NFD fed pigs, hindgut appearance of N and GE was increased by 172% and 162%, respectively, although high variability led to no significance. Altogether, Bhyo infection decreases ATTD but has minimal impact on AID of AA, when corrected for BEL, SID of N, Arg, Lys and some nonessential AA are specifically reduced. Unexpectedly, BEL of several AA involved in mucin production were unaffected by Bhyo infection. This may suggest an increased need for specific AA and energy during a Bhyo challenge.
Endovascular-First Treatment Is Associated With Improved Amputation-Free Survival in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia

Background: Critical limb ischemia remains a difficult disease to treat, with limited level one data. The BEST-CLI trial (Best Endovascular vs Best Open Surgical Therapy in Patients with Critical L...