cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metamaterial properties, designs, and antenna applications

Metamaterials have the potential to allow engineers to tailor the electromagnetic responses of the materials incorporated in antenna systems to enhance their performance. Several examples of the exotic properties of electromagnetic metamaterials will be given. One class of metamaterials that has already demonstrated its usefulness with antennas is the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). It has been demonstrated that this metamaterial configuration can yield a highly resonant radiating system. The resonances occur for particular combinations of shell sizes and metamaterial properties; they result in significant enhancements of the radiated power. These resonance results have been extended to lossy DNG and epsilon negative (ENG) metamaterials. We have also demonstrated reciprocity between these source results and the scattering of plane waves from the corresponding metamaterial coated spheres. We have shown with HFSS numerical simulations that realistic center-fed electrically small dipole antennas surrounded with an ENG spherical shell and coaxially-fed monopole antennas surrounded with an ENG hemispherical shell can be made to be resonant and matched to an external source. These electrically small antenna systems have very high radiation efficiencies and Q factors near the Chu limit. A review of these metamaterial-based electrically small antenna systems will be presented and current progress toward a proof-of-principle experiment will be discussed
The Empirical Case Against Analyticity: Two Options for Concept Pragmatists

It is commonplace in cognitive science that concepts are individuated in terms of the roles they play in the cognitive lives of thinkers, a view that Jerry Fodor has recently been dubbed `Concept Pragmatism'. Quinean critics of Pragmatism have long argued that it founders on its commitment to the analytic/synthetic distinction, since without such a distinction there is plausibly no way to distinguish constitutive from non-constitutive roles in cognition. This paper considers Fodor's empirical arguments against analyticity, and in particular his arguments against lexical decomposition and definitions, and argues that Concept Pragmatists have two viable options with respect to them. First, Concept Pragmatists can confront them head-on, and argue that they do not show that lexical items are semantically primitive or that lexical concepts are internally unstructured. Second, Pragmatists may accept that these arguments show that lexical concepts are atomic, but insist that this need not entail that Pragmatism is false. For there is a viable version of Concept Pragmatism that does not take lexical items to be semantically structured or lexical concepts to be internally structured. Adopting a version of Pragmatism that takes meaning relations to be specified by inference rules, or meaning postulates, allows one to accept the empirical arguments in favor of Concept Atomism, while at the same time deny that such arguments show that there are no analyticities. The paper concludes by responding to Fodor's recent objection that such a version of Concept Pragmatism has unhappy consequences concerning the relation between concept constitution and concept possession.
Comments on the one-dimensional Ising model and its application to the cis-trans equilibrium in poly-L-proline.

A treatment of the Finite one-dimensional Ising model is given in which four possible nearest-neighbor interactions are taken into account, as well as the effect of the absence of neighbors at the ends of the chain. This represents the most general situation possible when interactions are limited to nearest neighbors and when the number of accessible states of a single residue is two. Some previous treatments of the Ising model are shown to be special cases of this problem. From the symmetry of the partition function it is found that the equilibrium transition curves for chains of all lengths intersect at their midpoints if and only if the free energy of both residue states is modified to the same extent when located at an end of the chain. The shift in transition midpoints with chain length generally observed for various one-stranded systems is thus largely a measure of an end effect, and not a junction effect, as might seem to be the case from the theory of helix–coil equilibria. These considerations appear to be important in the cis—trans equilibrium in poly-L-proline, where the observations of Engel on short-chain samples suggest that the effects at junctions and at chain ends must differ significantly. It is concluded from his observations that a cis unit at the end of a chain has a less favorable free energy than a trans unit at the end. This is attributed to the fact that there are no van der Waals contacts between three residues at the end of the relatively compact cis helix and the missing adjacent turn of the helix, while the residues in the relatively open trans helix are little affected by their location at the end of the chain.
The geometry relevant to modern education

This chapter contains the Introduction to [1971, 2] - a paper that was first presented at an international conference on the teaching of geometry in Carbondale, Illinois, 1970.
Full Fluid–Solid Cohesive Finite-Element Model to Simulate Near Wellbore Fractures

This paper presents finite-element simulation for hydraulic fracture's initiation, propagation, and sealing in the near wellbore region. A full fluid solid coupling module is developed by using pore pressure cohesive elements. The main objective of this study is to investigate the hypothesis of wellbore hoop stress increase by fracture sealing. Anisotropic stress state has been used with assignment of individual criteria for fracture initiation and propagation. Our results demonstrate that fracture sealing in “wellbore strengthening” cannot increase the wellbore hoop stress beyond its upper limit when no fractures exist. However, this will help to restore part or all of the wellbore hoop stress lost during fracture propagation.
Deterministic timing schema for parallel programs

Formula or schema for computing the best and worst case execution times of a variety of parallel program constructs are presented. Timing schema are proposed for processes that do not interact but synchronize at their start and end, for shared variable interactions through critical sections and general semaphores, and for distributed message passing and remote procedure call. Also included are representative implementations that obey the schema. In addition various forms of underlying hardware contentions and indeterminacies are discussed, including how to incorporate some of these. It is concluded that predictable timing behavior in concurrent systems is indeed a possibility using the schema approach. >
The Right to Effective Treatment: A Premature Debate

In Coreoran's discussion of the legal basis for a possible right to effective treatment, the primary ground for action he cites is that of negligence. This article concludes that until the profession can reach consensus as to what constitutes the proper standard of care, a debate about the right to effective treatment is premature.
A current mode 2.4 GHz direct conversion receiver

A novel direct-conversion RF architecture is proposed that has a current mode interface between the low noise amplifier (LNA) and the down-conversion mixer, as well as the mixer and the base-band filter. The proposed architecture eliminates the voltage swing at the output of all the radiofrequency blocks. The voltage swing is seen only in the baseband after second order filtering, thus resulting in significant linearity improvements and robustness to adjacent channel interference. The current mode interface between filter and mixer also eliminates a redundant voltage-current conversion, giving significant noise advantages. A prototype wireless local area network (WLAN) receiver was designed and simulated in 0.13 /spl mu/m technology, giving a third-order input-referred intercept point of 5 dBm and a noise figure of 2.7 dB for the receive chain. The circuit (including base-band) consumes 8 mA from a 1.2 V supply.
Size of colorectal liver metastases at abdominal CT: comparison of precontrast and postcontrast studies.

PURPOSE: To investigate whether measurements of hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma before contrast material administration are significantly different statistically from measurements after contrast material administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma underwent spiral computed tomography (CT) with 7-mm collimation. The liver was imaged before and in the portal-dominant phase after intravenous contrast material administration. For each scan, one to three discrete liver lesions were selected for measurement (n = 49). Three experienced radiologists performed independent measurements of the selected lesions on both pre- and postcontrast images at a computer workstation. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed: subjects by raters (the three independent radiologists) by pre- or postcontrast status. The dependent variable was the product of bidimensional measurements. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent (33 of 49) of the lesions w...
The Banana Lady and Other Curious Behavior and Speech. Andrew Kertesz, Trafford Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2006

The purpose of the present book is to highlight symptoms and manifestations of Pick's Disease as well as to clarify the use of synonymous terms such as Pick's Disease, Pick's Complex, and Frontotem...
In-broker access control: towards efficient end-to-end performance of information brokerage systems

An XML brokerage system is a distributed XML database system that comprises data sources and brokers which, respectively, hold XML documents and document distribution information. However, all existing information brokerage systems view or handle query brokering and access control as two orthogonal issues: query brokering is a system issue that concerns costs and performance, while access control is a security issue that concerns information confidentiality. As a result, access control deployment strategies (in terms of where and when to do access control) and the impact of such strategies on end-to-end system performance are neglected by existing information brokerage systems. In addition, data source side access control deployment is taken-for-granted as the "right" thing to do. In this paper, we challenge this traditional, taken-for-granted access control deployment methodology, and argue that query brokering and access control are not two orthogonal issues because access control deployment strategies can have a significant impact on the "whole" system's end-to-end performance. We propose the first in-broker access control deployment strategy where access control is "pushed" from the boundary into the "heart" of the information brokerage system.
Suspended solids in Missouri reservoirs in relation to catchment features and internal processes

Mean total suspended solids (TSS), in 135 Missouri reservoirs range from 1.2 to 47 mg/l. The volatile (VSS) and non-volatile (NVSS) fractions range from 0.6 to 9.6 mg/l and 0.5 to 37 mg/l, respectively. %NVSS is the larger fraction and declines through summer as %VSS increases. Suspended solids (particularly VSS) correlate with metrics of lake trophic state and are positively related with the proportion of cropland (%C, r = 0.69-0.74) in their catchments, negatively related with forest cover (r = -0.54 to -0.56), and weakly related with grassland (r < 0.31). Regressions including %C with dam height (representing morphometry) and flushing rate (representing hydrology), explain approximately 70% of cross-system variation in TSS and 67% in VSS. Dam height and %C explain 57% of variation in NVSS. Residual analysis shows statewide models under-predict suspended solids in urban reservoirs. Effects of catchment features on summer TSS largely reflect internal plankton growth mediated by influent nutrients (affecting VSS) over direct sediment input (affecting NVSS).
Perceiving Others' Perceptions of Risk Still a Task for Sisyphus

The recent literature providing insights from neuroscience and evolutionary biology into how individuals perceive risky choice situations represents a “second wave” of findings that recapitulates as well as challenges the risk perception research begun in the 1980s, which relied on psychometric survey research. Gleaning insights from the first wave of research that could improve the communication and control of environmental risks has yielded disappointing results. This is a result, in part, of the eagerness of scholars and pundits to posit a chasm between the “rational” and “objective” perceptions of experts, on the one hand, and a lay public that is seen as lurching between “paranoia and neglect” and as insensitive to the magnitude of risks. Interpretations of the psychometric research have suffered from inattention to uncertainty and interindividual variability in risk, to expert biases, and to important aspects of risky choice that were not explored in the first wave of research. Initial signs indicate that neuroscience and evolutionary biology research may fall prey to similar misinterpretations. This article summarizes some of the most intriguing findings of the “second wave” of risk perception research and advances four themes that may help make the new findings less divisive and more useful for improving risk communication and risk management. Continued research into risk perception should perhaps be embedded in a more general theory of public choice in the face of uncertain and variable costs and benefits and with a respect for distributive justice as an important goal in risk management.
Helicobacter pylori induces cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor.

Background: The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, c-Met, is strongly implicated in late-stage cancer progression and poor patient prognosis. The stomach pathogen, Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ), was recently proposed to stimulate c-Met phosphorylation dependent upon interaction of c-Met with the bacterial CagA protein required for H. pylori -induced cancer cell motility and invasion. Materials and Methods: In this report, we employed short hairpin RNA (shRNA), western blot analysis using antibodies recognizing phosphorylation at discrete c-Met residues, and immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the CagA-c-Met interaction. Results: The data showed that shRNA-mediated c-Met knockdown did not reduce H. pylori -induced cell motility, suggesting that c-Met was not required for motility. Surprisingly, c-Met knockdown did not reduce the level of an H. pylori -induced protein recognized by a phospho-c-Met antibody. This 125 kD protein was 10 kD smaller than c-Met, suggesting that H. pylori did not phosphorylate c-Met but cross-reacted with another protein. This hypothesis was confirmed when c-Met phosphorylation inhibitors did not lower the levels of the bacteria-induced 125 kD protein, and c-Met immunoprecipitation (IP) did not detect this 125 kD protein from H. pylori -treated lysates. This protein was identified as a product of antibody cross reactivity with phosphorylated CagA. We also confirmed that CagA interacts with c-Met, but this interaction may have caused previous authors to misinterpret phosphorylated CagA as c-Met phosphorylation. Finally, pretreatment with the proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin, caused prolonged HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation and facilitated a CagA-negative H. pylori to stimulate AGS cell motility, suggesting that sustained c-Met phosphorylation compensates for the loss of CagA-dependent signaling. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that H. pylori stimulates cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor. We further hypothesize that although H. pylori does not target c-Met, the bacteria may still utilize c-Met effector signaling to stimulate CagA-independent cancer cell motility, which may provide a further mechanism of H. pylori -dependent gastric cancer progression.
A Survey to Guide Group Key Protocol Development

A large number of papers have proposed cryptographic protocols for establishing secure group communication. These protocols allow a set of group members to exchange or establish keys to encrypt and authenticate messages within the group. At the same time, individuals outside of the group cannot eavesdrop on group communication or inject messages. There have even been usability studies, demonstrating an average user can successfully complete some of these protocols. However, group protocols are rarely used in the real world. In this work, we conduct a survey to help uncover why the general population ignores such mechanisms for group communication. We also try to determine what protocols would best match respondents' current expectations for group protocols and methods for establishing trust. Survey results indicate that a group protocol that leverages location-limited channels, PKI, or Web-of-Trust authenticated public keys and allows addition and deletion of members fulfills the majority of users' expectations.
The Cuyama Strike-Slip Basin, California, U.S.A.: An Exemplar of Contrasting Syntectonic and Post-Tectonic Strata

ABSTRACT Miocene strata in the Cuyama basin of southern California exemplify syntectonic and post-tectonic stratigraphic development in a strike-slip basin. Integrated seismic, well-log, and outcrop data provide a detailed portrayal of the seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary facies in the previously unstudied middle and upper Miocene sequences. Results show sharp contrast among syntectonic and post-tectonic strata from composition and texture of sediments to lateral distribution and thickness of facies. Seven post-tectonic sequences were mapped across the basin. Sequences contain eolian to fluvial terrestrial facies, wave- and tide-dominated nearshore facies, biosiliceous, dolomitic, and phosphatic outer-shelf and slope mudstones, and shale-rich submarine fans in basinal environments. Authigenic dolomites and phosphates are pervasive in outer-shelf and slope facies and indicate the possibility of restricted sediment supply. Post-tectonic sequences are thin but laterally continuous, and they exhibit little depositional asymmetry. Minor erosion is distributed equally among regressive and transgressive relative sea-level changes. Asynchronous changes in tectonism, sediment supply, and eustatic sea-level change created dramatic differences among syntectonic and post-tectonic sequences. Interbasinal tectonic quiescence led to the abrupt end of stratigraphic mismatches and the accumulation of sediment during brief, episodic periods. Multiple points of progradation persisted through several million years of post-tectonic basin development and highlight the importance of extrabasinal sediment supply to the development of all sequences. The eventual loss of most accommodation space promoted the importance of eustatic sea-level change and reduced the prominence of asymmetric facies and abrupt lateral facies changes.
Leg swelling due to urinary obstruction

An 85-year-old man presented with bilateral leg edema and urinary incontinence. Abdominal examination revealed a severely distended bladder. Venous duplex of the legs demonstrated monophasic waveforms bilaterally, suggesting obstruction of proximal lower extremity veins. Relief of urinary obstruction was associated with the prompt return of normal respiratory variation of flow in the veins and improvement of leg swelling. Non-thrombotic obstruction of the proximal veins of the lower extremities by a severely enlarged urinary bladder is an infrequent yet potentially reversible cause of lower extremity edema. Subtle clues in the Doppler waveforms of an otherwise normal lower extremity venous duplex examination are crucial in establishing this diagnosis.
The Effect of Cognitive Moral Development and Supverisory Influence on Subordinates' Ethical Behavior

The paper examines how supervisory influence and cognitive moral development influence subordinates' ethical decision-making and ethical behavior. The proposed interactive effect these major variables have on subordinates' ethical considerations are examined with respect to: (1) before an ethical dilemma occurs, (2) when faced with an ethical dilemma, (3) during the decision process, and (4) after ethical or unethical behavior has been executed. Propositions are presented and implications for research and practice are discussed.
Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) for Studying Dynamics of Protein Abundance and Posttranslational Modifications

Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a simple and straightforward approach for in vivo incorporation of a tag into proteins for relative quantitation by mass spectrometry. SILAC is a simple, yet powerful, method for investigating the dynamics of protein abundance and posttranslational modifications. Here, we provide detailed instructions for using this method to study protein complexes, protein-protein interactions, and the dynamics of protein abundance and posttranslational modifications. We expect that SILAC will become a routine technique because of its applicability to most areas of cell biology. We have also developed a Web site (http://www.silac.org) to provide researchers with updated information about this method and related resources.
Low Velocity Drag Measurements for Bluff Bodies

This experiment was conducted to validate recent computational efforts by the US Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command (RDECOM), Natick Soldier Center. These efforts included testing bluff body models that resemble simple, rigid parachute shapes. This experiment served to confirm drag coefficient data provided from these computational experiments, as well as to determine the effect of the wind tunnel mounting apparatus on measured drag coefficient. Target Reynolds numbers required testing at approximately 3 to 30 m/s. At these speeds, the associated drag forces varied by a factor of 44, a dynamic range that placed extreme demands on the measurement apparatus. Given the low speed and small scale of the shapes to be measured, an instrumentation investigation to design and develop a suitable test apparatus was undertaken. Multiple designs were tested with different measurement transducers. Results with a refined apparatus showed coefficients near those of the literature and computational findings, and quantified the effects of the sting mount on measurement results. Nomenclature CD = drag coefficient = D/qS D = drag force k = spring constant r = distance above the model centerline q = dynamic pressure Re = Reynolds number = U∞z/ν S = reference area U = mean axial velocity component U∞ = free stream velocity ∆U = velocity deficit x = displacement of a spring from its equilibrium position z = distance downstream from model leading edge ΔCD = drag coefficient(cup upstream) - drag coefficient(cup downstream), or drag coefficient (close configuration) - drag coefficient (entended configuration) ν = kinematic viscosity
“Punk” after the pistols: American music, economics, and politics in the 1980s and 1990s

(2000). “Punk” after the pistols: American music, economics, and politics in the 1980s and 1990s. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 85-106.
A necessary and sufficient condition for robust asymptotic stabilizability of continuous-time uncertain switched linear systems

The main contribution of this paper is a necessary and sufficient condition derived for the existence of asymptotically stabilizing switching laws for a class of switched linear systems with time-variant parametric uncertainties. This result improves upon the sufficient only conditions found in the literature. The method is based on polyhedral Lyapunov-like functions, which represent generalizations of polytopic Lyapunov functions in the classical sense.
Kallistatin attenuates endothelial apoptosis through inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of Akt-eNOS signaling

Kallistatin is a regulator of vascular homeostasis capable of controlling a wide spectrum of biological actions in the cardiovascular and renal systems. We previously reported that kallistatin inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species formation in cultured cardiac and renal cells. The present study was aimed to investigate the role and mechanisms of kallistatin in protection against oxidative stress-induced vascular injury and endothelial cell apoptosis. We found that kallistatin gene delivery significantly attenuated aortic superoxide formation and glomerular capillary loss in hypertensive DOCA-salt rats. In cultured endothelial cells, kallistatin suppressed TNF-α-induced cellular apoptosis, and the effect was blocked by the pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and by the knockdown of endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression. The transduction of endothelial cells with adenovirus expressing dominant-negative Akt abolished the protective effect of kallistatin on endothelial apoptosis and caspase activity. In addition, kallistatin inhibited TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species formation and NADPH oxidase activity, and these effects were attenuated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and NOS inhibition. Kallistatin also prevented the induction of Bim protein and mRNA expression by oxidative stress. Moreover, the downregulation of forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) and Bim expression suppressed TNF-α-mediated endothelial cell death. Furthermore, the antiapoptotic actions of kallistatin were accompanied by Akt-mediated FOXO1 and eNOS phosphorylation, as well as increased NOS activity. These findings indicate a novel role of kallistatin in the protection against vascular injury and oxidative stress-induced endothelial apoptosis via the activation of Akt-dependent eNOS signaling.
Colonic polyp presenting as a tubulovillous adenoma and harbinger of high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma: a unique presentation

High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC) of the colon are rare. However, when they occur, there is evidence to support a strong association with tubulovillous/villous adenomas (TVA). We present a unique case of a colonic TVA associated with HGNEC in a 64-year-old woman with a large polypoid mass in the rectosigmoid colon diagnosed as TVA with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) on biopsy. Pathologic examination revealed a 4.8 cm friable polypoid mass composed of two morphologically distinct elements. The luminal portion of the tumor consisted of a TVA with areas of HGD. A distinct component was identified deeper to the adenoma, consisting of nested small-to-medium sized cells with increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclei exhibiting finely dispersed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, patchy areas of necrosis, and increased mitotic figures. The two tumor components were closely apposed with focal areas of intermixing at their interface. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse positive staining of the deeper, nested neoplastic cells with synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56 and CAM 5.2 and a perinuclear-dotlike pattern of pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 staining. The proliferation index was up to 90% (Ki-67). Given the overall findings, a diagnosis of HGNEC arising in a background of TVA was rendered. This unique case is one of the few reported cases of mixed adenoma HGNEC involving the colon. This case demonstrates possible pitfalls in diagnosis. Superficial biopsies often do not provide adequate representation of underlying neuroendocrine neoplasms. In this case, metastatic HGNEC was identified although initial biopsy revealed only TVA, suggesting that the two lesions were unrelated.
Results of end-to-end cavocavostomy during adult liver transplantation.

The results of end-to-end cavocavostomyduring adult liver transplantation were analyzed with special regard tocaval complications. In a series of 1000 liver transplants, we observed17 patients who suffered from postoperative caval obstruction (6patients) or caval stenosis (11 patients), for an incidence of 1.7%.Surgical therapy was performed in 10 patients (58.8%), and 5 patientsrequired retransplantation (29.4%). Four patients died during thelater postoperative course. Two fatalities were related to cavalcomplications, resulting in a mortality rate of 11.8%. Our resultsindicate that end-to-end cavocavostomy is a safe technique forcavocaval anastomosis. For only a few exceptions, such as pediatrictransplantation, reduced size livers, or size mismatch between donorand recipient, should alternative techniques such as end-to-side orside-to-side cavocavostomy be performed.
Adaptive source and channel coding for distributed applications

Distributed applications are often faced with a choice between improved throughput or improved reliability but not both. We argue that this is not a strict dichotomy and propose a framework that improves both application performance and reliability by adaptively adjusting source and channel coding parameters. For simplicity, we assume that the source and channel we work with are memoryless and in general behave in a way such that Shannon's separation theorem holds. Although not all sources and channels could be characterized as such, doing so allows us to work this resource allocation problem in parallel. We reduce redundant transmissions and minimize bandwidth utilization through an LZ77 style dictionary based source coding approach. To ensure data integrity, we apply rateless forward error correction techniques at the transport layer. Our algorithm works in conjunction with physical layer forward error correction and generates just enough overhead needed to achieve error free transmission without requiring a heavy use of a reverse channel for acknowledgments. We show through simulations that our combined source and channel approach reduces network traffic in our experimental platform by a measurable amount while maintaining and at times exceeding the Quality of Service (QoS) that is obtained without our technique. 1 2
The Erection of a Barrier Against Assertion of Ancillary Claims: an Examination of Owen Equipment and Erection Company v. Koger

In Owen Equipment and Erection Company v. Kroger, 98 S. Ct. 2396 (1978), the Supreme Court announced the ambit of ancillary jurisdiction in the context of third-party practice. In what may be fairly characterized a bizarre factual situation giving the Court ample opportunity to avoid the rule it eventually exposits, the Court holds that a plaintiff, in a case predicated upon diversity of citizenship, must have independent grounds of jurisdiction for the assertion of transactionally related claims against a third-party defendant. This article examines the Owen decision and its impact. Raising the shibboleth of the limited jurisdiction of the federal courts and ascertaining a congressional intent in the general diversity statute against the assertion of such claims absent independent jurisdictional grounds, the Court retreats from the sound pragmatic considerations of United Mine Workers v. Gibbs, reads Aldinger v. Howard and Zahn v. International Paper Co. for more than they are worth, and creates an enclave of issues which federal courts may be impotent to adjudicate.
Bioluminescence Imaging of an Immunocompetent Animal Model for Glioblastoma

In contrast to commonly reported human glioma xenograft animal models, GL261 murine glioma xenografts recapitulate nearly all relevant clinical and histopathologic features of the human disease. When GL261 cells are implanted intracranially in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, the model has the added advantage of maintaining an intact immune microenvironment. Stable expression of luciferase in GL261 cells allows non-invasive cost effective bioluminescence monitoring of intracranial tumor growth. We have recently demonstrated that luciferase expression in GL261 cells does not affect the tumor growth properties, tumor cell immunomodulatory cytokine expression, infiltration of immune cells into the tumor, or overall survival of animals bearing the intracranial tumor. Therefore, it appears that the GL261 luciferase glioma model can be useful in the study of novel chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic modalities. Here we report the technique for generating stable luciferase expression in GL261 cells and how to study the in vitro and in vivo growth of the tumor cells by bioluminescence imaging.
Western Aid: The Missing Link for North Korea's Economic Revival?

In the months and years ahead, it is plausible, perhaps even likely, that the issue of renewed Western economic assistance for the DPRK, or North Korea, will return once again to policymakers‘ agendas. We should therefore ask: Could major inflows of Western aid lead to an economic revitalization of the DPRK? Could they even be the key to jump-starting the North Korean economy? The US provided massive economic assistance to South Korea after the Korean War, and subsequently entered into a sustained spurt of dazzling growth that transformed the country into an affluent and highly productive society. Could massive Western aid spark a corresponding of transformation for the DPRK? This paper will address these questions by examining a number of separate but related issues: 1) the record of North Korea‘s economic performance in recent decades; 2) the relationship between DPRK policies and practices and the country‘s economic performance; 3) the international record of Western aid‘s influence on economic growth and development; 4) the rationale or logic behind current DPRK policies and practices bearing on economic performance; 5) the history of US aid to, and economic development in, South Korea; and 6) some of the prerequisites for sustained economic growth (and aid effectiveness) for the DPRK.
Financial Contracting as Behavior Towards Risk

This paper describes a business cycle model where financial contracting with interrelated covenants is the mechanism by which bondholders and stockholders confront the risks associated with future production-investment decisions and financing decisions of the firm and in the process resolves a conflict of interest problem between them. In resolving this conflict of interest problem the interrelated covenants in the financial contract shape the financial facts of business cycles. The model set-up includes two agents (bondholders and stockholders), two decisions (production-investment decisions and financing decisions), and two equilibrium conditions (market equals economic book value for both bonds and stocks). In this 2x2x2 set-up the manager of the representative firm should always make production-investment decisions that conform to the risk aversion of stockholders and then use financing decisions to offset any effect of a change in operating risk on the market valuation of bonds. Preliminary evidence from the U.S. nonfinancial corporate sector does not reject the predictions of the model.
Influence of pamaquine and atabrine on the enzymatic degradation of quinine.

SummaryA procedure has been devised for the quantitative evaluation of the activity of the enzyme which degradates quinine. Pamaquine and atabrine were found to suppress the enzymatic degradation of quinine by a liver homogenate.
Results of Replicative Hide-Working Experiments: The Roles of Raw Material, Hide Condition and Use-Wear Patterns in the Determination of Rhyolite End Scraper Function

The purpose of this study is to determine the various functions of rhyolite end scrapers through replication of April Sievert's unpublished llama hide-working experiments with rhyolite end scrap ers that I used myself. To closely simulate aboriginal hide-working conditions, rhyolite end scrapers were used to scrape only fresh and diy hides, rather than tanned or chemically altered hides. Consideration was given to the formation of differing microwear traces on the experimental tools and on three archaeological end scrapers from the Hardaway site. In addition, compari sons were made between the results of this study and those of several published hide-working studies using various types of flint (Anderson 1980; Brink 1978; Keeley 1980; Kimball 1989; Mansur-Franchomme 1983; Vaughan 1985).
A Leaping Forward Required for Development of Modern Multi-storied Agriculture

The paper has historically reviewed the development and practice of multi-storied agriculture in Fujian.Based on the new challenges faced,it has been suggested in the paper that the innovation in strategies and techniques of development are essential and urgent for modern multi-storied agriculture to achieve the practical model in the light of local conditions.Innovational techniques in recyclable agriculture,low-carbon agriculture,green agriculture,facility agriculture and precision agriculture are the key of optimizations to establish a comprehensive multi-storied agriculture system in Fujian as well as southern region in China.
Rupture of esophagus during use of Sengstaken-Blakemore tube.

(1974). Rupture of Esophagus During Use of Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 199-200.
The Use of Interactive Media for HIV/AIDS Prevention in the Military Community

Over 50 years of risk-reduction efforts for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) exist as a foundation for Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome (AIDS) prevention programs in the military, yet very few innovative prevention concepts have been generated. However, the military has used interactive media successfully in medical education to supplement instructional lessons, demonstrate surgical procedures, and train soldiers in mass casualty and combat trauma. The Department of Defense plans to use interactive media in the military's STD clinics for AIDS education. The media combines the visual flexibility of an interactive videodisc with the storage and retrieval capabilities of a computer to display text, graphics, photos, and full-motion media. Rather than a completely descriptive or didactic approach to STD and AIDS prevention activities, a novice user can see and interact with an immediate-motion video representation on the screen. This is important in modifying behavior patterns and demonstrating their relationship to the transmission of the AIDS virus. The development of an interactive videodisc on HIV prevention for use in the military's STD clinics will be discussed, as well as the expedience of their multifaceted use in delivering AIDS information.
Attention, stress and negative emotion in persistent sleep-onset and sleep-maintenance insomnia

This study investigated the relation of negative emotions, attention and stress to sleep parameters in insomniacs. It also assessed whether sleep-onset insomniacs differ from sleep-maintenance/mixed insomniacs in the relations of these variables to sleep parameters. Fourteen sleep-onset insomniacs, 13 sleep-maintenance or mixed insomniacs and 13 normal sleepers were recruited using two sequential questionnaires. The groups differed significantly on diagnostically relevant sleep parameters, assessed over 1 week by sleep diary. After completing standard anxiety, anger and depression inventories, subjects participated in two laboratory procedures during which electrophysiological responses were recorded: orienting response habituation and emotional stress elicitation. The 28 significant correlations of sleep parameters with emotion, habituation and stress measures averaged r = 0.415. In multiple regression analyses, emotion, attention and stress variables accounted for an average of 41% of the variance in sleep parameters (mean R = 0.64). Discriminant function analysis using these variables correctly classified 66% of the subjects into the three groups. It was concluded that negative emotions, stress responsiveness and attentional factors interact to influence insomnia.
Cross-correlating Planck CMB lensing with SDSS: Lensing-lensing and galaxy-lensing cross-correlations

We present results from cross-correlating Planck CMB lensing maps with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxy lensing shape catalog and BOSS galaxy catalogs. For galaxy position vs. CMB lensing cross-correlations, we measure the convergence signal around the galaxies in configuration space, using the BOSS LOWZ ($z\sim0.30$) and CMASS ($z\sim0.57$) samples. With fixed Planck 2015 cosmology, doing a joint fit with the galaxy clustering measurement, for the LOWZ (CMASS) sample we find a galaxy bias $b_g=1.75\pm0.04$ ($1.95\pm 0.02$) and galaxy-matter cross-correlation coefficient $r_{cc}=1.0\pm0.2$ ($0.8\pm 0.1$) using $20<r_p<70h^{-1}$Mpc, consistent with results from galaxy-galaxy lensing. Using the same scales and including the galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements, we constrain $\Omega_m=0.284\pm0.024$ and relative calibration bias between the CMB lensing and galaxy lensing to be $b_\gamma=0.82^{+0.15}_{-0.14}$. The combination of galaxy lensing and CMB lensing also allows us to measure the cosmological distance ratios (with $z_l\sim0.3$, $z_s\sim0.5$) $\mathcal R=\frac{D_s D_{l,*}}{D_* D_{l,s}}=2.68\pm0.29$, consistent with predictions from the Planck 2015 cosmology ($\mathcal R=2.35$). We detect the galaxy position-CMB convergence cross-correlation at small scales, $r_p<1h^{-1}$Mpc, and find consistency with lensing by NFW halos of mass $M_h\sim10^{13}h^{-1}M_\odot$. Finally, we measure the CMB lensing-galaxy shear cross-correlation, finding an amplitude of $A=0.76\pm0.23$ ($z_\text{eff}=0.35$, $\theta<2^\circ$) with respect to Planck 2015 $\Lambda$CDM predictions ($1\sigma$-level consistency). We do not find evidence for relative systematics between the CMB and SDSS galaxy lensing.
STEM-14CELLULAR RESTING TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL INSTRUCTS DIFFERENTIATION STATE OF GBM STEM-LIKE CELLS.

INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults with a poor prognosis despite maximal treatment. Resting membrane potential (RMP) has been shown to be an important regulator of the differentiation state of embryonic and somatic stem cells. We evaluated the relevance of RMP in GBM stem-like cells (GSC). METHODS: Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to determine the RMP. RESULTS: Undifferentiated GSC had a RMP of -5mV +/-4 (n = 33) compared to their differentiated counterparts, which had a mean RMP of -24mV +/-20 (n = 31, P < 0.001). To determine whether the cellular RMP played an instructive role in the differentiation state of GSC we used pharmacologic and genetic approaches to alter the potential. We added additional potassium chloride (KCl) to differentiated GCS in order to induce depolarization, and compared to osmotic controls using sodium chloride (NaCl). We found that GSC exposed to high KCl retained stem markers and sphere forming capacity compared to controls. We then examined whether hyperpolarization was sufficient to induce differentiation. We treated GSC with vacuolar ATPase inhibitors and salinomycin (potassium ionophore), which induced relative hyperpolarization of GSC and induction of differentiation. Transduction of GSC with inducible potassium ion channel led to hyperpolarization and differentiation. To identify potential mechanisms coupling electrical alterations to biochemical signal transduction pathways we performed extensive phospho-protein array studies comparing the undifferentiated GSC and cells hyperpolarized with omeprazole or salinomycin. Attenuation of key developmental and pro-growth signaling pathways was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Alteration of RMP may represent a new therapeutic strategy.
Is play a privilege or a right? And what’s our responsibility? On the role of play for equity in early childhood education

‘It’s just play;’ we hear this often in a way to diminish its importance. In the name of rigor and adult measures of educational success, play has been nearly extinguished from educational research...
Biophysical metrics for detecting more sustainable urban forms at the global scale

Abstract To test metrics for rapid identification and global evaluation of more sustainable urban forms, we examine the configuration of the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) in Brazil using satellite remote sensing data and landscape metrics. We adopt principles from landscape ecology and urban planning to evaluate urban heterogeneity and morphology that may constitute more sustainable urban forms, including connectivity, density, geometric complexity (mixed land use), diversity, and greening. Using 2-D wavelet multiresolution analysis and satellite-derived fractional vegetation cover (Fr), the variability of landscape metrics from Landsat (30 m) to MODIS (1 km) scales are investigated. According to our findings, metrics of Patch Density and Landscape Shape Index can be used at the 1-km scale to asses density and geometric complexity of urban form. With the addition of MODIS land surface temperature (LST) data, available at high temporal resolution, a move away from or toward more sustainable urban forms is defined in relation to mitigation of the urban heat island. As the geometric complexity and density of finer-scale urban characteristics are related to climatic impacts at the neighborhood scale, sustainability assessments may be more attainable across urban areas.
Education for an Interdependent World: Developing Systems Citizens

I believe that the Industrial-Age education system that has spread around the world in the past 150 years will change dramatically in the coming decades.
Regulation and physiological functions of malic enzymes.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some of the general features of the NADP-linked malic enzyme from animal tissues, especially in terms of its regulation and physiological roles. The major emphasis has been directed toward the regulation of the enzyme found in mammalian liver, as this particular activity has been the one most thoroughly studied in terms of its modification by different types of stimuli. However, the ubiquitous nature of “malic enzyme” suggests that important metabolic functions may be associated with its activity, which has been considered “minor” with considerable frequency. The participation of the cytosol and mitochondrial malic enzymes in the transport of reducing equivalents in bovine adrenal cortex indicates the physiological importance of the enzyme in mammalian systems. The factors that control the tissue levels of malic enzyme, particularly in liver, are investigated in view of the known regulatory mechanisms that operate at the level of protein synthesis and degradation.
Lower cardiac index levels relate to lower cerebral blood flow in older adults

Objective: To assess cross-sectionally whether lower cardiac index relates to lower resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) among older adults. Methods: Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants free of stroke, dementia, and heart failure were studied (n = 314, age 73 ± 7 years, 59% male, 39% with mild cognitive impairment). Cardiac index (liters per minute per meter squared) was quantified from echocardiography. Resting CBF (milliliters per 100 grams per minute) and hypercapnia-induced CVR were quantified from pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeling MRI. Linear regressions with ordinary least-square estimates related cardiac index to regional CBF, with adjustment for age, education, race/ethnicity, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile score (systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, diabetes mellitus, current cigarette smoking, left ventricular hypertrophy, prevalent cardiovascular disease [CVD], atrial fibrillation), APOE e4 status, cognitive diagnosis, and regional tissue volume. Results: Lower cardiac index corresponded to lower resting CBF in the left (β = 2.4, p = 0.001) and right (β = 2.5, p = 0.001) temporal lobes. Results were similar when participants with prevalent CVD and atrial fibrillation were excluded (left temporal lobe β = 2.3, p = 0.003; right temporal lobe β = 2.5, p = 0.003). Cardiac index was unrelated to CBF in other regions assessed ( p > 0.25) and CVR in all regions ( p > 0.05). In secondary cardiac index × cognitive diagnosis interaction models, cardiac index and CBF associations were present only in cognitively normal participants and affected a majority of regions assessed with effects strongest in the left ( p p Conclusions: Among older adults without stroke, dementia, or heart failure, systemic blood flow correlates with cerebral CBF in the temporal lobe, independently of prevalent CVD, but not CVR.