cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Afterglow, Ultraviolet Radiation, and Heat on Wool in an Electric Glow Discharge

The effects of afterglow, ultraviolet radiation, and heat from an electric glow discharge on wool felting shrinkage, yarn strength, and grafting of polymers have been investigated. Under the conditions of treatment, heat and ultraviolet radiation have little or no effect on wool felting shrinkage and yarn strength. Ultraviolet radiation is effective for initi ating polymer grafting onto wool. Afterglow, like glow discharge, can make wool yarn shrink resistant and stronger and can induce grafting of polymer.
The real-time ultrasonography of pancreatic pseudocyst: comparison of infected and noninfected pseudocysts.

The real-time ultrasonograms of 15 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts (10 infected and 5 noninfected) were analyzed to evaluate difference in ultrasound characteristics between the infected and noninfected pseudocysts. Only those who underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration or operation within one week after sonography were reviewed according to the size, multiplicity, air content, internal echoes, and wall characteristics (such as thickness, regularity, and calcification) of pseudocysts. Among these ultrasonographic features of pseudocysts, there was no statistically significant difference between the infected and noninfected pseudocysts in cyst size, wall characteristics (thickness, regularity, and calcification), multiplicity, and air content. The most important and unique feature was the internal echoes within the pseudocyst. The internal echoes were classified into three grades. All the infected pseudocysts and one noninfected pseudocyst had internal echoes of grade 2 or higher, while the most noninfected pseudocysts had internal echoes of grade 1. The difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0037). These results indicate that grading internal echogenicity of the pseudocysts with real-time ultrasonographies can add additional information important in differentiating infected from noninfected pseudocysts.
The STS Curriculum: What Have We Learned in Twenty Years?.

The interdisciplinary academic field of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Studies is now approximately two decades old. As the field has evolved, its central curricular mission has come to be ...
Recall of autobiographical memory: A longitudinal analysis of franchisee experts

In this longitudinal study, we investigate whether franchisees in their role as experts exhibit consistent recall of their perceptions of franchise value after a 3-year interval when a strong autobiographical instance association (i.e., the multiunit decision) is created. Paired-sample t tests and correlation analysis are used to examine recall accuracy. While the analysis reveals stability of recall for typical franchisee experts over both the recent and the distant past, the individual level data indicate that the precision of recall deteriorates over time. Implications for future research involving retrospective data are offered.
Performance of Combatant Command satellite (COCOMSat) communications in contested environments

This paper presents satellite loading methodologies for loading satellite communications (SATCOM) requirements on commercial Ka-band satellites in contested environments experiencing jamming. Future high-capacity Ka-band commercial satellites will rely on ground concentration nodes (GCNs) and adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) techniques to provide digital video broadcasting/return channel via satellite (DVB/RCS) services for forward and return links to achieve high throughput. Traffic flows between user beams are coordinated through GCNs thus requiring double hops for peer-to-peer traffic while reachback traffic requires single hops relying on terrestrial networks. Cell-like user beams are assembled in arrays designed to enhance user coverage and supportability. Optimal satellite loading in the presence of uplink jamming is derived to minimize satellite and terminals powers and to maximize the supported data rates. Throughput degradation in contested environments results when the transponders begin to operate in a non-linear mode approaching saturation.
Laser Forming of Varying Thickness Plate—Part I: Process Analysis

Laser forming (LF) is a non-traditional forming process that does not require hard tooling or external forces and, hence, may dramatically increase process flexibility and reduce the cost of forming. While extensive progress has been made in analyzing and predicting the deformation given a set of process parameters, few attempts have been made to determine the laser scanning paths and laser heat conditions given a desired shape. This paper presents a strain-based strategy for laser forming process design for thin plates with varying thickness, which is utilized in determining the scanning paths and the proper heating conditions. For varying thickness plates, both the in-plane membrane strain and the bending strain need to be accounted for in process design. Compared with uniform thickness plate, the required bending strain varies with not only the shape curvature but also with the plate thickness. The scanning paths are determined by considering the different weight of bending strain and in-plane strain. A thickness-dependent database is established by LF finite element analysis simulation, and the heating conditions are determined by matching the ratio of bending strain to in-plane strain between the required values and the laser forming values found in the database. The approach is validated by numerical simulation and experiments using several typical shapes.
Computational results for extensions in quasilinearization techniques for optimal control

In a companion paper (Ref. 1), several extensions in quasilinearization were presented. These results are studied computationally in this paper for two problems: the brachistochrone problem and the reentry vehicle problem. For the brachistochrone free-time problem, it is shown that much more rapid convergence is obtained than that presented in previous literature (Ref. 2). It is also shown that, if the techniques of the companion paper are used, the normal region of convergence is extended significantly. Similar results are obtained for the reentry vehicle problem.
Times of Crisis and Seeds of New Intimacies on a North Aegean Island: Activism, Alternative Exchange Networks, and Re-Imagined Communities

Cultural intimacy, that ‘fellowship of the flawed’ (Byrne 2011; Herzfeld 1997, 2005, 2009), elucidates a framework for the analysis of how hegemonic discourses of national identity effectively coerce, or fail to coerce, citizens. Originally emerging from Greek ethnographic contexts, this framework focused the anthropological lens not on publically performed consensus, but on silent – or silenced – dissent vis-a-vis hegemonic national discourse about one, glorified, ‘Greek Past’ and the behaviours and attitudes prescribed for those who claim it as their ‘National Heritage’ in the present. Denoting continuity of descent from that singular past, heritage dominates national discourse in Modern Greece (e.g. Damaskos and
Zur Struktur und Tektonik der Insel Cypern

Durch die intensive geologische Untersuchung der letzten Jahre hat sich die Kenntnis der Geologie Cyperns rasch erweitert. Die folgende strukturgeologische und tektonische Betrachtung stutzt sich auf eigene Untersuchungen und auf die dem Verfasser zugegangene neueste Literatur. Der alte Bau des ostlichsten Mittelmeerraumes zeigt eine vorherrschende Sud-Nord-Orientierung. Diese tritt uns auf Cypern entgegen in den neu aufgefundenen kristallinen Schiefern, in den Diabasen des Troodos sowie im Lagenbau der ultrabasischen Kerne. Spater, d. h. als der alpidische Faltenbau sich mehr und mehr auspragte, wird das West-Ost-Streichen aller Elemente dominierend. Ihm folgt der schmale und steil hochgepreste Strang der Nordkette, die spater gegen Suden aufgeschoben wurde. Im grosen folgt auch die komplizierte Mulde der Mesaorea (cyprischen Mittelebene) dieser Ausrichtung und, wenn auch von Bruchtektonik mitgestaltet, das magmatische Troodos-Massiv. Der palaogeographische Wandel wird aufgezeigt. Das wichtige Problem des Alters des Magmatismus wird diskutiert. Als eigenes Gebilde, namlich in Gestalt mehrerer Inseln und endlich einer einzigen Insel, in einem rundum einsinkenden Gebiet, erscheint Cypern seit dem Miozan. Doch noch im Pliozan sind Troodos und Nordkette durch Meer getrennt. Das heutige Cypern formt sich im Quartar heraus. Die Wende Miozan/ Pliozan, zeitweilig das Pliozan und in Etappen das Quartar sind Zeiten starker Vertikal- und Bruchtektonik. Der energischen Heraushebung des Troodos, der Nordkette, doch auch relativ niedriger Gebiete der Insel, steht ein starkes Abbrechen und Einsinken des umgebenden Meeresbodens gegenuber. Die mitbenutzte neue Tiefenkarte des ostlichsten Mittelmeeres vonPfannenstiel gestattet den Hinweis auf mogliche Zusammenhange der auf der Insel erschlossenen Tektonik mit dem Relief des umgebenden Meeresbodens. Dabei zeigt sich ebenfalls die Betonung des alpidischen (taurischen) Streichens im Norden Cyperns und das Vorherrschen der Zerlegung durch machtige Bruche (Verwurfe) am Westrande der Insel und im Suden Cyperns. Das enge Nebeneinander steiler, eng umgrenzter Aufragungen und tiefer Depressionen am Meeresboden im Westen, Suden und Osten der Insel macht deutlich, das hier noch der gleiche von lebendiger Tektonik gestaltete Stil vorliegt wie in der Agais. Die Grenze gegenuber Afrika tritt hier noch nicht in Erscheinung. Das magmatische Troodosmassiv scheint wesentlich alter zu sein, als man noch vor kurzem annahm (Devon bis Perm). Als schon konsolidierter Block wurde es von der alpidischen Tektonik uberpragt. Die Ost-West-Verbreitung seiner Gesteine tauscht eine Orientierung vor, die dem Innenbau widerspricht, der NNW-SSE und Sud-Nord gerichtet ist. Im Nordwesten gibt es eine untermeerische Fortsetzung der basischen Magmatite, und im Suden und Sudosten sinkt das Massiv an Bruchstaffeln rasch in die Tiefe.
Education Attainment in Public Administration Around the World: Evidence from a New Dataset

The paper provides a detailed description of a novel dataset on education attainment in public administrations covering the period 1981-2011 for 178 countries. The dataset uses information extracted from CVs for over 130,000 mid to senior level officials from mainly central banks and ministries of economy and finance. Our main finding is that there is little heterogeneity across regions when considering a non quality-adjusted measure of education attainment in public administrations. Adjusting our measure for quality, using a country wide academic ranking, reveals important cross-regional heterogeneity differing from that of standard measures of education attainment for the general population. The dataset also allows us to uncover important patterns in public administrations' education attainment along gender and seniority across regions. We further use the dataset to explore a few applications which provide some evidence of (i) the importance of salary incentives in attracting highly educated staff and (ii) a positive association between education attainment in public administrations and government effectiveness (e.g. higher tax revenue mobilization, limiting corruption, better public finance management and private market support).
Enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of interactions of tetracyanoethylene molecules with copper surfaces

Abstract Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) molecules chemisorbed on Cu electrodes for a wide range of applied potentials from −0.10 V to at least −1.60 V (vs. saturated calomel electrode). The molecules coordinated to the copper surface via the π-systems of both the CC and CN functional groups, downshifting the CC and CN stretching wavenumbers in excess of 100 cm−1. There was about 54% charge transfer between Cu and TCNE. Strong interactions with surfaces also lowered the site symmetry of the adsorbed molecules, inducing surface Raman modes, which were infrared active but Raman forbidden in the bulk phase. Reduction occurred at high cathodic potentials, and TCNE was probably reduced to the tricyanovinylalcoholate ion.
Citizens’ access to on-line state legislative documents

Abstract State legislative web sites should provide information to citizens that is useful and is easily accessible. Each state’s legislative web site was studied to find common usability issues in making legislative documents available on-line. Examples of how various state legislative web sites address each issue are provided. In conclusion, a model for an accessible, useful state legislative web site is proposed.
Genetic consequences of local population extinction and recolonization.

Theoretical results have shown that a pattern of local extinction and recolonization can have significant consequences for the genetic structure of subdivided populations; consequences that are relevant to issues in both evolutionary and conservation biology. The nature of those consequences depends largely on the mode of colony formation. Extinction and recolonization can either increase or decrease the genetic differentiation of local populations and can lead to a loss of the genetic diversity stored in an array of populations. Recent ecological studies of two insect species have revealed population structures resembling, in part, that considered in the models. They serve to illustrate the potential complexity of the processes of extinction and recolonizatiion in nature.
The number of part sizes of a given multiplicity in a random Carlitz composition

A number of characteristics of random classical and Carlitz (adjacent parts are different) compositions of integer n have been studied by Knopfmacher and Prodinger, Hitczenko and Savage, Goh and Hitczenko, and also by Hitczenko, Rousseau and Savage. This paper is an attempt to complement their results by establishing asymptotics of the average multiplicity of a given part size in a random Carlitz composition. An extension of the Problem of Wilf to the Carlitz case is also presented.
Smooth quantile ratio estimation

In a study of health care expenditures attributable to smoking, we seek to compare the distribution of medical costs for persons with lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (cases) to those without (controls) using a national survey which includes hundreds of cases and thousands of controls. The distribution of costs is highly skewed toward larger values, making estimates of the mean from the smaller sample dependent on a small fraction of the biggest values. One approach to deal with the smaller sample is to rely on a simple parametric model such as the log-normal, but this makes the undesirable assumption that the distribution of the log-expenditures is symmetric. We propose a novel approach to estimate the mean difierence of two highly skewed distributions (¢), which we call Smooth Quantile Ratio Estimation (SQUARE). SQUARE is obtained by smoothing, over percentiles, the ratio of the cost quantiles of the cases and controls. SQUARE deflnes a large class of estimators of ¢ including: 1) the sample mean difference, 2) the maximum likelihood estimate under log-normal samples, and 3) L-estimates. We detail asymptotic properties of SQUARE such as consistency and asymptotic normality, and also provide a closed form expression for the asymptotic variance. Through a simulation study, we show that SQUARE has lower mean squared error than several competitors including the sample mean difierence, and log-normal parametric estimates in several realistic situations. We apply SQUARE to the 1987 National Medicare Expenditure Survey to estimate the difierence in medical expenditures between persons sufiering from the smoking attributable diseases, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and persons without these diseases. Software in R (Ihaka and Gentleman, 1996) for the implementation of SQUARE and of all its special cases, and the cost data used in this paper are available at http://biostat.jhsph.edu/»fdominic/square.html.
Sexuality Education, HIV/AIDS Education, and Contraceptive Use during Initial Coitus as Perceived among Female College Students: A Comparison between the United States and Sweden

Abstract At the center of the ongoing sexuality education controversy is whether providing young people with sexuality information is the “disease” or the “cure. “In an attempt to provide some current cross-cultural data that might shed some light on this controversial issue, the present study compared a volunteer sample of female undergraduate students from several universities across the United States (N = 217) and Sweden (N = 186) on four variables: (a) number of class sessions they received in school on sexuality education, (b) number of class sessions they received in school on HIV/AIDS education, (c) age at first coitus, and (d) contraceptive use during first coitus. Results indicated that both in sexuality and HIV/AIDS education the Swedish group reported receiving significantly more class sessions than did the American group. While a minimum of two sexuality education class sessions was universal among the Swedish respondents, 12 percent of the American respondents reported receiving none. No sign...
SEARCHING FOR SIGNAL IN NOISE BY RANDOM LAG SINGULAR SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

Singular spectrum analysis, a technique to detect oscillations in short and noisy time series, was first developed for geophysical applications. This work offers a generalization for long and noisy time series in astrophysical applications. The motivating problem is the detection of low-amplitude solar oscillations.
The effects of solution concentration on network properties of thin films of polyorganosiloxanes crosslinked in the solid state

Abstract The stress-strain properties of polyorganosiloxane networks crosslinked in the solid state but cast from trichloroethylene solutions with polymer volume fractions in the range 0.018 to 0.158 were investigated. The polyorganosiloxane studied was polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) containing crosslinkable SiCHCH2 and SiH functional groups. The moduli were found to increase with increasing concentration of the solution from which the network was cast, the same trend that has been previously observed for networks actually crosslinked in solution. These results were explained in terms of the theories of rubber elasticity. The PDMS networks formed from concentrated solution had a relatively higher effective interconnectivity of the network chains and a higher degree of constraints of fluctuations of the network junctions than did the networks formed from more dilute solutions. Since the chemical crosslink density was the same for all the networks, those formed from the more concentrated solutions had a higher number of physical entanglements. These results suggest that the time scale for conformational rearrangement of the rubber is longer than that for solvent evaporation, so that the solution conformation is maintained in the solid state.
AFTEREFFECT OF SUBMERSION IN WATER ON GREENING AND GLYCOALKALOID FORMATION OF POTATO TUBERS

Treatment with submersion in water prior to light exposure effectively inhibited the light-induced greening and glycoalkaloid formation of potato tubers of three cultivars tested. The extent of inhibition depended mostly on the duration of submersion treatment up to 20 days and less on the temperature and the cultivar of tubers. Treatment resulted in more inhibition in formation of glycoalkaloid than that of chlorophyll formation. Submersion treatment of potato tubers prior to wounding also inhibited the wound-induced glycoalkaloid formation of the tuber tissue. Incorporation of low concentration of sodium hypochlorite in the soaking water effectively retarded the microbial population and consequently retarded the microbial decay of potato tubers.
Methylgermanium in natural waters

Biological methylation of metallic elements1 and the occurrence and cycling of organometals in the environment have been investigated in Japan during the 1950s and 1960s, where the ingestion of fish and shellfish contaminated with methylmercury compounds caused mercury poisoning2,3. Biomethylation ability has been demonstrated in bacteria, fungi and algae for As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, Sn, Te and Tl4–7. Naturally-occurring methylated species have been reported in estuaries and seawater for Sb8, As9, Ge10–13 and Sn14, although recent evidence suggests that some reports of methyltin species result from interferences by Ge and volatile sulphur compounds15. With the exception of Sb8, As9,12,16 and Ge11,12, there are no consistent estuarine or oceanic profiles for methylmetal compounds in the literature from which to judge their biogeochemical behaviour. Early investigations17–19 reported that methylgermanium species do not exist in the aquatic environment. Subsequently, we identified monomethylgermanium (MMGe) and dimethylgermanium (DMGe) in estuaries10,12, the Baltic Sea11 and the Bering and Sargasso seas13. We report here recent measurements of methylgermanium compounds in river water, estuaries, seawater and anoxic basins.
Teaching Cybersecurity: Protecting the Business Environment

Traditional computer security has focused on protection against known threats, largely from outsider attacks. The number of cybersecurity incidents affecting businesses of all sizes demonstrates that our current cybersecurity posture is not entirely successful and that businesses are slowly moving from a risk avoidance stance to a risk mitigation strategy. The business world is changing and few businesses are able to easily protect their assets within a known business perimeter, particularly with inevitable budget constraints. Technology changes such as cloud computing, e-business, teleworking and bring-your-own device (BYOD) increase the potential for vulnerabilities from attacks to the business information technology infrastructure throughout the supply chain. In addition, business changes such as global suppliers, outsourcing and offshoring, and the need to cut costs in all aspects of manufacturing and operations are creating new vulnerabilities. To respond to these changes, businesses must consider cybersecurity strategies that are not focused primarily on firewall and encryption techniques, as threats are increasing from "trusted sources" including employees, customers, partners and suppliers. Supply chain security is an important consideration that is not covered in most cybersecurity educational programs. This paper addresses the need for a wider perspective on cybersecurity and the increasing need for educational programs that address this issue.
Nerves and secretory mechanisms

The intestinal epithelium is a barrier which impedes penetration of the host's internal environment. One host defense mechanism is chloride secretion. Intrinsic neural reflexes within the submucous plexus regulate chloride secretion, a key process in lubrication and in flushing out the luminal contents. Axon reflexes through extrinsic primary afferents break the epithelial barrier, allowing foreign antigens and microbes to stimulate an immune response that can modulate activity of intrinsic neural reflexes and amplify epithelial chloride secretion.
Enhancing Smartcom II with “CopyCAT” Macros

The process described here may seem cumbersome to librarians accustomed to using OCLC Terminal Software and the Micro Enhancer programs. But it allows us to use the same “standard” IBM PC and Hayes modem and software that serve other purposes in our library, thereby giving us access to a database we might otherwise not be able to afford. And the process described here can be applied to other databases.
Growth, survival and biochemical alteration of Euglena gracilis in medium limited in sulfur

The sulfur requirement for growth and survival of Euglena gracilis is satisfied by sulfate or by certain organic sources, especially methionine. When deprived of sulfur, cultures remain fully viable for about 1.5 days. By 15 days of sulfur deprivation, viability is reduced to 25%. Sulfur is found in significant quantity in all the major cellular fractions of Euglena including the hot-TCA-soluble fraction. During external sulfur deprivation, sulfur is redistributed within the cell in order to maintain “structural protein.” Cells which survive apparently are able to regulate the utilization and redistribution of their depleted sulfur reserves.
Occurrence of the Slipper Limpet, Crepidula fornicata L., in Ireland

IN May 1959, during an investigation of the intertidal ecology of the Kenmare River, Co. Kerry, full-grown single individuals of this American gastropod were found to be common below mid-tide level at Kilmakilloge Harbour, a shallow and protected inlet on the southern shore of the estuary. This species is well known as a pest of oyster beds on the eastern and southern shores of England, and is also present in Wales1, but is believed not to have been recorded previously from Irish waters. Studies on the biology of Crepidula have shown that distribution on ships is the main, if not the only, means of remote dispersal2. It is therefore probable that this species has reached Ireland attached to vessels previously laid up in British harbours. As part of the survey, a special search was also made for the Australasian barnacle Elminius modestus Darwin which, though now widespread in Britain3, has in Ireland only been reported from Lough Ine, Co. Cork4. However, Elminius was not found anywhere within the Kenmare River, nor was Crepidula noted at other localities.
Genetic Relationship between Purple and Wine Testa Color in Peanut1

Abstract A better understanding of the genetic relationship among different testa colors is needed in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding programs. Numerous genes are involved in this important U.S. market quality trait. However, the relationship among some of these genes is not yet known. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction among the three genes (P, w1, and w2) controlling purple and wine testa color. No maternal or cytoplasmic differences were found among three reciprocal purple x wine testcrosses. The F1, F2, and F3 segregation results suggest that purple testa color of PI 331334 differs from that of wine testa color parental lines (PI 264549, Wine-Frr 1 and Wine-Frr 2) by only two genes. These findings illustrate that the dominant purple testa color gene (P) is independent from at least one of the two recessive wine genes (w1 w1 or w2w2).
Larger wildflower plantings increase natural enemy density, diversity, and biological control of sentinel prey, without increasing herbivore density

An important means of conserving beneficial insects in resource-limited habitats is to meet their ecological requirements, which may be achieved by providing areas containing flowering plants that bloom throughout the season, but little is known about the importance of wildflower plot size for supporting natural enemies or the biological control they provide. 2. Wildflowers were established in plots of sizes ranging from 1 to 100 m 2 , and found that natural enemy density, group richness, and diversity of natural enemy groups increased with plot size. 3. The density of insect herbivores was lower in all flower plots than in the control samples, whereas the diversity of herbivore groups was significantly higher in flower plots. 4. Comparing population growth of sentinel soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura) among plot sizes, aphid colonies were smaller as plot size increased. 5. Providing beneficial insects with flowering resources resulted in significantly more natural enemies and greater pest control than in smaller flower plots or mown grass areas. 6. These results indicate that the density, diversity, and function of natural enemies are sensitive to the size of wildflower plantings, even at relatively small scales. Therefore, larger wildflower plots are more suitable for the conservation of beneficial insects and their provision of natural pest control.
Theoretical plastic distortion of a polycrystalline aggregate under combined and reversed stresses

Abstract H eterogeneous slip and stress fields of a fine-grained polycrystalline aggregate of differently oriented crystals of long square cylinders were calculated by L in (1964) under uniaxial loadings from single crystal slip characteristics. These stress fields satisfy conditions of equilibrium, continuity and the single crystal stress-strain relation throughout the aggregate. From these stress fields the theoretical yield surfaces under combined incremental stress are here computed. Aggregates of crystals with the same isotropic elastic constants have been found to have a plastic potential coinciding with the yield surface. The initial yield surface during loading beyond the elastic range does not expand uniformly as given by isotropic hardening theories nor shift as a whole as predicted by the kinematic hardening, but changes both in shape and size as in linear piecewise plasticity. Theoretically, a vertex exists on the yield surface. At the vertex, the direction of the incremental plastic strain vector is not uniquely determined, but lies within the cone of normals to the tangent planes at the vertex and depends on the direction of the incremental stress vector. Incremental plastic strain vectors are theoretically calculated for different incremental stress ratios. Experimentally observed yield surface is actually the surface in stress space giving finite measurable incremental plastic strain. These surfaces theoretically have no vertex but a rounded nose of large curvature at the loaded point as observed in a number of experimental observations.
Environmental Analyses Utilizing Gas and Liquid Chromatography

Abstract An overview of the various methods of analysis, in environmental studies, which utilize gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ion chromatography(IC) is presented. In many cases the samples must be prepared for final measurement by employing other analytical techniques; eg., extrac-tion(liquid-liquid, both micro and macro scale; solid-phase(SPE); supercritical fluid(SFE); headspace equili-bration(HSGE); etc.). Details of the various methods will not be given but descriptive explanations and pertinent references will be furnished. Theoretical aspects of the various techniques will be referenced adequately for those not familiar with the methodologies. Since most of these methods are validated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) addresses where the methods may be obtained will also be given.
Fracture of the tibial tubercle.

Tibial tubercle fractures are uncommon and rarely occur after closure of the proximal tibial epiphysis. A study of 15 such injuries, all unilateral, showed the age range to be from 12 to 16 years. All injuries were sustained during athletic activities or vigorous play. All of the 15 injuries were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, followed by plaster immobilization for approximately 6 weeks. No early complications occurred, and no later deformities, such as genu recur vatum as reported by Blout, were de tected. All patients returned to normal activity including, in some cases, varsity athletics.
Analysis of lymphatic protein flux data III. Use of the nonlinear flux equation to estimate σ and PS

Abstract This paper introduces the use of the nonlinear or exact flux equation for determining estimates of the solvent drag reflection coefficient ( σ f ) and the permeability-surface area product (PS) of the capillary membrane from lymphatic protein and fluid flux rates. In the past, a linearized version of the nonlinear flux equation has been used; however use of the linear equation has been problematic since there are a variety of definitions for C , the average protein concentration in the pore. The benefits of the exact equation in comparison with the linear equation are that (1) it more closely represents the physical processes occurring as the solute crosses the membrane, and (2) it eliminates the long standing problem with defining C . In general, the value of σ f determined with the exact flux equation is closer to one than those found with the most frequently used form of the linear flux equation.
Libraries in the USA as traditional and virtual “third places”

Traditional “third places” provide physical places for human contact and social experience outside of the home or workplace/school. Institutions as disparate as fitness centers, libraries, and beauty salons are examples of third places: locations where people gather and often talk about things that are important to them. Libraries have a long tradition of connectedness and community that has put them in the forefront of traditional third places. As library Web sites are created and evolve, the sense of place provided by physical third places will become increasingly important online. Much about connectedness and community online can be learned from the concept of third places and their importance in real life and in cyberspace. The traditions inherent in libraries as physical third places provide predictions, projections, and inspirations for continued good service in the online presence of libraries.
Squalene synthase: steady-state, pre-steady-state, and isotope-trapping studies.

Squalene synthase catalyzes two consecutive reactions in sterol biosynthesisthe condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to form the cyclopropylcarbinyl intermediate presqualene diphosphate (PSPP) and the subsequent rearrangement and reduction of PSPP to form squalene. Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic studies, in combination with isotope-trapping experiments of enzyme·substrate complexes, indicate that two molecules of FPP add to the enzyme before NADPH and that PSPP is converted directly to squalene without dissociating from the enzyme under normal catalytic conditions. In addition, formation of PSPP or a prior conformational change in squalene synthase is the rate-limiting step for synthesis of squalene from FPP via PSPP in the presence of NADPH and for synthesis of PSPP in the absence of NADPH. Squalene synthase is inhibited at high concentrations of FPP. Inhibition is specific for the formation of squalene, but not PSPP, and is competitive with respect to NADPH. In addition...
Partial persistent atrioventricular canal simulating pure mitral regurgitation

Abstract Patients with persistent partial atrioventricular canal and only small interatrial communications may present the clinical features of pure mitral regurgitation. Two such individuals, who on clinical examination were mistakenly considered to have rheumatic mitral regurgitation, are described. The roentgenographic findings supported this diagnosis, and the electrocardiograms did not exhibit the vector loop characteristic of an endocardial cushion defect. Cardiac catheterization made possible the correct diagnosis, however, and at operation each patient was found to have a cleft anterior mitral leaflet and an unusually small interatrial defect of the ostium primum type. Problems which relate to the diagnosis and surgical management of this unusual variant of persistent A-V canal are discussed.
Halogen-free solvent processing for sustainable development of high efficiency organic solar cells

Abstract Eliminating processing with halogenated solvents is desirable to achieve sustainable large-scale fabrication of organic solar cells. This work demonstrates a device processing approach completely free of halogenated solvents to yield high-performance (power conversion efficiency, ηP > 6%) polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells comprising a conjugated polymer PIDT-phanQ and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Introducing 2% 1-methylnaphthalene (Me-naph) as a processing additive to toluene alleviates PC71BM solubility problems, reduces phase domain size by two orders of magnitude, and boosts efficiency from ηP = 0.02% to 6.10%. Both AFM and TEM imaging show that the Me-naph additive promotes a more finely phase-separated morphology in spin-coated films, while photoluminescence quenching and photoinduced absorption spectroscopy confirm that this finer morphology results in both better exciton quenching and more efficient charge separation.
Influence of Body Composition on Adrenal Function in Obesity

A study of urinary steroid excretion and body composition was undertaken in 40 obese patients. Eleven patients were found to be hyperexcretors on the basis of urinary 17-OHCS levels greater than 10 mg/24 hr. Total body weight, lean body mass and body surface area were significantly different in the 2 groups of obese patients, but no difference of statistical significance between the groups in height, excess fat or creatinine excretion was demonstrated. Resting urinary 17-OHCS levels correlated best with the lean body mass, whereas following ACTH stimulation the best correlation of 17-OHCS excretion was with excess fat and total body weight. No correlation of 17-KS excretion with body composition measurements was found.
Expression of klotho mRNA and protein in rat brain parenchyma from early postnatal development into adulthood

Without the age-regulating protein klotho, mouse lifespan is shortened and the rapid onset of age-related disorders occurs. Conversely, overexpression of klotho extends mouse lifespan. Klotho is most abundant in kidney and expressed in a limited number of other organs, including the brain, where klotho levels are highest in choroid plexus. Reports vary on where klotho is expressed within the brain parenchyma, and no data is available as to whether klotho levels change across postnatal development. We used in situ hybridization to map klotho mRNA expression in the developing and adult rat brain and report moderate, widespread expression across grey matter regions. mRNA expression levels in cortex, hippocampus, caudate putamen, and amygdala decreased during the second week of life and then gradually rose to adult levels by postnatal day 21. Immunohistochemistry revealed a protein expression pattern similar to the mRNA results, with klotho protein expressed widely throughout the brain. Klotho protein co-localized with both the neuronal marker NeuN, as well as, oligodendrocyte marker olig2. These results provide the first anatomical localization of klotho mRNA and protein in rat brain parenchyma and demonstrate that klotho levels vary during early postnatal development.
Feeding the elderly heart.

Treatment of the elderly cardiac patient should not be limited to the heart alone. Many other factors demand attention, e.g., psychic stress (depression), nutritional deficits and physiologic imbalances. Dietary guidelines are presented, including special references to carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. A nutritional program for the aged cardiac patient should be carried out on an individual basis to allow for appropriate modifications. Mass nutritional programs for the elderly may not be suitable for the specific cardiac patient with his various problems.
Electronic structures of Mn-induced phases on GaN(0001)

We investigate the atomic and electronic structures of Mn-incorporated GaN(0001) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles calculations. The incorporation of Mn at room temperature initially leads to a disordered phase, and subsequently an ordered $(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ reconstruction at $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$ ML Mn coverage. The $(3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3)$ exhibits a honeycomb structure for sample bias below $\ensuremath{-}0.5\text{ }\text{V}$, and appears as a closed-packed structure above $\ensuremath{-}1.2\text{ }\text{V}$, which is attributed to antiferromagnetic ordering induced by Mn atoms. Incorporation of the same amount of Mn at an elevated substrate temperature of $300\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ produces an additional phase with local $(5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5)$ periodicity, consisting of two types of trimers: one with three spots of equal intensity and the other with uneven intensities. This disparity in intensity can be resolved using a Fe-coated W tip, which is attributed to enhanced spin-dependent tunneling between the Mn-induced minority states and the Fe-induced states of the functionalized W tip.
Free will, determinism, and the theory of important criteria

The Theory of Important Criteria is used to argue that the age‐old problem of the compatibility of free will and determinism turns on the question of the importance of causal indeterminacy of choice as a criterion of being able to do otherwise. One's answer to this question depends in turn on one's evaluation of certain moral issues and of the force and significance of certain similes, analogies and diagrams in terms of which one can ‘depict’ a deterministic universe. It is further argued that the problem of free will and determinism is not a pseudo‐problem, but a genuine problem that is hard to solve because of the depth and complexity of the evaluative issues on which it hangs.
Long-range correlation length of critical systems

Abstract Long-range correlation lengths of polystyrene in cyclohexane from angular dependence of Rayleigh linewidth (ξ γ ) and of intensity (ξ s ) obey Kawasaki's relation ξ γ ξ s = 3 5 .
Smart-Cut ™ piezoresistive strain sensors for high temperature applications

This paper presents research results on novel high performance silicon piezoresistive strain sensors based on Smart-Cut™ SOI wafer, with 340 nm silicon overlayer and 1 µm buried oxide. Experimental results show that the 3 kΩ Wheatstone bridged piezoresistive strain sensor has a sensitivity of 0.14 mV/µe at 5V bias and a linearity of 0.9 % full scale, in the range of ±1000 µe. When tested at elevated temperatures, the gage factor of the sensor changed from 27.6 at 24 °C to 25.4 at 130 °C, equivalent to a temperature coefficient of the gauge factor of −0.02 /°C, which is an order of magnitude smaller than the −0.55 /°C value of previous sensors developed with 2×1018 cm−3 doping. This piezoresistive sensor is suitable for applications that need high temperature stability.
Magnetic resonance imaging of SILCS diaphragm: anatomical considerations and corroboration with clinical fit.

Abstract Background We performed a pilot study to evaluate in vivo the fit of the new SILCS diaphragm, a single-size cervical barrier, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a group of women varying in body mass and parity. Study Design Two healthy premenopausal women were recruited for each of the following groups: body mass index (BMI) 30. One woman in each group was nulliparous and one was multiparous. Subjects were instructed on the placement of the SILCS diaphragm. Each subject underwent three MRI scans: baseline, with the SILCS diaphragm in place and after placement of intravaginal contrast and simulated intercourse. Results The SILCS diaphragm was easily identified on MRI. In all subjects, the diaphragm covered the cervix. The position of the diaphragm did not change after simulated intercourse. The appropriate position of the diaphragm, as assessed by the subjects and the practitioner, was corroborated by the MR images. The intravaginal contrast was not readily visible on the images, precluding assessment of the diaphragm's barrier properties. Conclusion MRI confirms the anatomic position of the SILCS diaphragm in vivo, among a sample of women varying in body mass and parity.
Hole hopping through tyrosine/tryptophan chains protects proteins from oxidative damage

Living organisms have adapted to atmospheric dioxygen by exploiting its oxidizing power while protecting themselves against toxic side effects. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed during oxidative stress, as well as high-potential reactive intermediates formed during enzymatic catalysis, could rapidly and irreversibly damage polypeptides were protective mechanisms not available. Chains of redox-active tyrosine and tryptophan residues can transport potentially damaging oxidizing equivalents (holes) away from fragile active sites and toward protein surfaces where they can be scavenged by cellular reductants. Precise positioning of these chains is required to provide effective protection without inhibiting normal function. A search of the structural database reveals that about one third of all proteins contain Tyr/Trp chains composed of three or more residues. Although these chains are distributed among all enzyme classes, they appear with greatest frequency in the oxidoreductases and hydrolases. Consistent with a redox-protective role, approximately half of the dioxygen-using oxidoreductases have Tyr/Trp chain lengths ≥3 residues. Among the hydrolases, long Tyr/Trp chains appear almost exclusively in the glycoside hydrolases. These chains likely are important for substrate binding and positioning, but a secondary redox role also is a possibility.
Central power management unit as portable power management architecture based on true digital control

The central power management unit (CPMU) is proposed and verified with a simple example system. The CPMU is a single controller for the multiple heterogeneous converters in a single portable system. CPMU is the true digital controller, located in the feedback loop, and is not based on a processor. The CPMU regulates multiple converters as well as systematically integrates other power management architecture such as the protection circuitry, converter sequencing, and voltage scaling. The control parameters can be flexibly and dynamically modified in CPMU. The proposed architecture is evaluated with the detailed simulation in Matlab/Simulink environment.
Process evaluation results from the Eating for a Healthy Life study.

Abstract Purpose. Conduct a process evaluation of a low-fat, high-fruit/vegetable dietary intervention in religious organizations (ROs). The purpose of this process evaluation was to explore differences in healthy eating activities between the intervention and delayed control ROs and among the intervention ROs to identify the intervention activities most associated with dietary change. Methods. Process data were collected via phone surveys and participation logs. A 12-month follow-up phone survey was conducted with an RO representative from intervention and delayed control ROs. The survey asked about healthy eating activities. Eating for a Healthy Life staff maintained participation logs of intervention RO participation in intervention activities: advisory board meetings, volunteer activities, healthy eating sessions, social events, dietary change mailings, print advertisements, and motivational messages. We used a stepwise regression model to determine which intervention activities were associated with c...