cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lack of Influence of the Epidermis on Underlying Cell Development in Leaflets ofPisum sativumvar.argenteum(Fabaceae)

We explored whether epidermal pressure regulates cell and organ growth in leaflets ofPisum sativumvar.argenteum,a mutant cultivar of the garden pea characterized by reduced adhesion between the epidermis and subjacent mesophyll. Developing leaflets of leaves arising at three positions on the seedling axis were peeledin situand grown to maturity in humidity chambers. The mature anatomy and morphology could be accurately assessed because wound responses normally associated with peeling were prevented by theArgmutation that permitted peeling without damage to the mesophyll and by the humidity chambers that protected peeled areas from desiccation. The mesophyll cell size, state of differentiation, and layering pattern as well as the overall morphology of mature, peeled leaflets were indistinguishable from those of mature, intact leaflets grown under the same conditions. The epidermis exerted no detectable regulatory effect on the expansion of the leaflets as a whole or on the tissue layers and cells within the leaflets.
From Verification to Implementation: A Model Translation Tool and a Pacemaker Case Study

Model-Driven Design (MDD) of cyber-physical systems advocates for design procedures that start with formal modeling of the real-time system, followed by the model's verification at an early stage. The verified model must then be translated to a more detailed model for simulation-based testing and finally translated into executable code in a physical implementation. As later stages build on the same core model, it is essential that models used earlier in the pipeline are valid approximations of the more detailed models developed downstream. The focus of this effort is on the design and development of a model translation tool, UPP2SF, and how it integrates system modeling, verification, model-based WCET analysis, simulation, code generation and testing into an MDD based framework. UPP2SF facilitates automatic conversion of verified timed automata-based models (in UPPAAL) to models that may be simulated and tested (in Simulink/State flow). We describe the design rules to ensure the conversion is correct, efficient and applicable to a large class of models. We show how the tool enables MDD of an implantable cardiac pacemaker. We demonstrate that UPP2SF preserves behaviors of the pacemaker model from UPPAAL to State flow. The resultant State flow chart is automatically converted into C and tested on a hardware platform for a set of requirements.
Modelling Mechanical Response of SiC/CAS-II Ceramic Composite under Quasi-Static Loads Using a Real-Time Acousto-Ultrasonic NDE Technique:

The onset of matrix cracks and their progression have been successfully monitored by an acousto-ultrasonic (AU) NDE technique as shown by the authors in previous work. The nonlinear behavior observed in a stress-strain curve for a unidirectional ceramic composite has been predominantly attributed to the effect of matrix cracks. This effect of matrix cracks on the stress-strain curve has been previously modelled (AUSSR model) with the help of real-time AU data. The models presented (modified AUSSR, AUSSR-WZ, AUSSR-WZ-WB models) attempt to describe the damage mechanisms occurring by assessing the combined effect of matrix cracks and fiber breakage on the global strain response of the laminate to increasing loads. The strains at the outer surface predicted by the models described are compared to the experimentally observed strains from the extensometer attached to the outer surface. Previous models from the literature are introduced outlining the history of development of successive models. It is shown that the modified acousto-ultrasonic stress-strain response (modified-AUSSR) model based on AU parameters is capable of predicting the strain response to increasing stress levels for unidirectional and cross-ply ceramic composite laminates. The work represents an integration of measured experimental damage with analytical modelling to produce a better physical understanding of the damage development process in ceramic composites
Lipomatosis of the neck: Case report and literature review ☆

Summary Lipomas are common benign tumors of the head and neck that are discrete and encapsulated. Lipomatosis, however, is a more diffuse fatty tissue growth rarely found in the head and neck. A 2.5-year-old female presented with a painless, right supraclavicular mass. Radiologic evaluation revealed extension into the anterior mediastinum. Incisional biopsy and histology were consistent with lipomatosis. The lesion was not excised and at 2 years follow-up the child remains asymptomatic with no enlargement on imaging. Conservative nonoperative management should be considered with asymptomatic disease in which the morbidity and mortality of excision may be high.
AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF STATISTICAL MATCHING IN THE ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

This paper focuses on the use of statistical matching in the estimation and analysis of the size distribution of family unit personal income. The paper begins with a brief discussion of data on the size distribution of income in the U.S. and their limitations. Several methods of improving or augmenting those data are described, and earlier examples of statistical matching for that purpose are mentioned. A brief summary of the types of statistical matching methods which have been used is also presented. Then a recent example of statistical matching carried out at the Office of Research and Statistics, Social Security Administration, is described, and the effects on the size distribution of adjusting and augmenting the initial data using the statistically matched data from that example are shown. Material relating to the accuracy of that statistical match is presented in the appendix.
Optics For Machine Vision

Vision systems are becoming increasingly important sources of information for automated inspection and assembly tasks. Spatial information along directions transverse to the viewing axis is easily obtainable with imaging systems and one-or two-dimensional detectors. A challenge for optics is to develop fast, accurate range sensors. This paper reviews range sensing techniques. Four basic categories of range sensing techniques are discussed: geometric techniques, time-of-flight techniques, interferometric techniques and diffraction techniques. The basic principles are elucidated and general comparisons are made between the groups. Representative examples are given of many different approaches.
The Interaction of Naegleria fowleri Amoebae with Murine Macrophage Cell Lines

The present study was undertaken to determine whether murine macrophage cell lines exhibited in vitro amoebicidal activity comparable to that elicited by activated murine peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages activated in vivo by bacillus Calmette-Guerin or Propionibacterium acnes demonstrated significant cytolysis of Naegleria fowleri amoebae. The macrophage cell line RAW264.7 also effected cytolysis of amoebae, but to a lesser extent than that elicited by activated peritoneal macrophages. However, the macrophage cell lines, J774A.1 and P388D1, did not exhibit amoebicidal activity. Macrophage conditioned medium prepared from RAW264.7 macrophages mediated cytolysis of L929 tumor cells but had no effect on N. fowleri amoebae. In addition, neither recombinant tumor necrosis factor nor recombinant interleukin-1 exhibited amoebicidal activity. Scanning electron microscopy of co-cultures revealed that N. fowleri bound to activated peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that RAW264.7 macrophages treated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide are similar to macrophages activated in vivo in that they effect contact-dependent cytolysis of Naegleria fowleri amoebae. The RAW264.7 macrophages are unlike primary macrophage cultures in that they either do not release soluble amoebicidal factors into the conditioned medium or they release insufficient quantities.
Stress Zones Near Displacement Piers: I. Plastic and Liquefied Behavior

Radial stresses measured with the K0 stepped blade in saturated soils near Rammed Aggregate Piers indicate temporary liquefaction of soil in the vicinity of the rammer. Drainage and compaction proceed during ramming of succeeding layers of the pier, such that the final distribution of radial effective stresses follows plastic cavity expansion theory. A plastic zone and liquefaction can develop only if the radial stress from ramming exceeds the soil compressive strength. If that condition is met, the transient hydrostatic condition allows the zone to expand with additional ramming. A passive condition occurs where radial stresses cannot be fully contained by the overburden pressure, in which case they approximate Rankine passive pressures. The tangential intermediate principal stress then can be modified by ramming of adjacent piers. Stress-induced cracking in the elastic zone contributes to rapid drainage and is discussed in Part II of this two-part series.
Gunshot wound to the back of the head--self defence vs homicide.

A police officer attended the scene of a burglary in progress and, following a pursuit through the house with his gun in hand, shot the burglar in the back of the head. The officer pleaded self-defence alleging that the burglar had whirled around holding what was perceived as a gun in his left hand and that he had reflexively pulled the trigger of his own gun. When he examined the body, a black yarmulke was present near the outstretched hand of the burglar. The results of a reconstruction were consistent with the details of the police officer's deposition.
Fix It With TAPE: Repurposing Technology to Be Assistive Technology for Students With High-Incidence Disabilities

This article discusses how practitioners can repurpose technology—common and socially desirable technology in particular—to be assistive technology for students with high-incidence disabilities. The authors provide a framework for practitioners to consider technology for repurposing: TAPE (Transportable, Available, Practical, Engaging) and offers practitioners 6 examples of such technology that can serve as assistive technology for students with high-incidence disabilities who struggle with various academic (e.g., literacy, note-taking) and socioemotional development.
A Highly Stable, Six-Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Duplex

This paper describes the design, synthesis, and characterization of a hydrogen-bonded molecular duplex (3·4). Two oligoamide molecular strands, 3 and 4, with the complementary hydrogen-bonding sequences ADAADA and DADDAD, respectively, were found to form an extremely stable (Ka = (1.3 ± 0.7) × 109 M-1) molecular duplex (3·4) in chloroform. Evidence from 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and thin-layer chromatography confirmed the formation and the high stability of the duplex. The exceptional stability is explained by positive cooperativity among the numerous hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions and the preorganization of the individual strands by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. This design has opened a new avenue to supramolecular recognition units with programmable specificities and stabilities.
Time course of ozone-induced changes in breathing pattern in healthy exercising humans.

We examined the time course of O3-induced changes in breathing pattern in 97 healthy human subjects (70 men and 27 women). One- to five-minute averages of breathing frequency (fB) and minute ventil...
Effects of anxiety and stress on accuracy of interpersonal perception.

Metaperspective (MP) refers to a person's perception of another person's perception of him. It was hypothesized that: (a) high anxiety (HA) Ss would be less accurate in MP than low anxiety (LA) Ss; (b) LA Ss would be more accurate in MP than HA Ss in a stress situation; (c) there would be no sex differences in accuracy of MP; and (d) in like-sexed dyads, there would be more accurate MP than in opposite-sexed dyads. 8 groups were formed, each including 2 HA males, 2 HA females, 2 LA males, and 2 LA females. After having completed a self-concept scale 4 groups were assigned to a non-stress condition and 4 to a stress condition. All Ss then completed a stress questionnaire and scales measuring their perception of each S and their perception of each S's perception of them. None of the hypotheses were accepted.
Sequestration-based bistability enables tuning of the switching boundaries and design of a latch.

Natural biological systems have evolved a diverse array of switches to realize their strategies for environmental response and development. Emerging applications of synthetic biology have begun to exploit such switches to achieve increasingly sophisticated designed behaviors. However, not all switch architectures allow facile design of the switching and memory properties. Furthermore, not all designs are built from components for which large families of variants exist, a requirement for building many orthogonal switch variants. Therefore, there is a critical need from genetic engineers for scalable strategies that yield custom bistable switches. Here, we use a sigma factor and its cognate anti‐sigma factor to experimentally verify that ultrasensitivity from sequestration combined with positive feedback is sufficient to build a bistable switch. We show that sequestration allows us to predictably tune the switching boundaries, and we can easily tune our switch to function as a set–reset latch that can be toggled between two states by a pulse of inducer input. Engineering of the sigma/anti‐sigma system in Escherichia coli shows that sequestration combined with positive feedback can be used to build a bistable memory device. The minimal requirement of this design makes it potentially scalable and generalizable. ![Formula][1] Mol Syst Biol. 8: 620 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Calculated Vibrational Properties of Ubisemiquinones

Density functional theory has been used to calculate harmonic normal mode vibrational frequencies for unlabeled and isotope-labeled ubisemiquinones in both the gas phase and in several solvents. It is shown that four methoxy group conformations are likely to be present in solution at room temperature. Boltzmann weighted infrared and Raman spectra for the four conformers were calculated, and composite spectra that are the sum of the Boltzmann weighted spectra were produced. These composite spectra were compared to experimental FTIR and resonance Raman spectra, and it is shown that the calculated band frequencies, relative band intensities, and and isotope-induced band shifts are in excellent agreement with experiment. The calculations show that the C=O and C=C modes of ubisemiquinone strongly mix with methoxy methyl CH bending vibrations, and that the degree of mixing is altered upon isotope labeling, resulting in complicated changes in mode frequencies, intensities, and composition upon isotope labeling. Upon consideration of the calculated potential energy distributions of the normal modes of ubisemiquinone, and how they change upon isotope labeling, an explanation of some puzzling features in previously published Raman spectra is provided.
Blood: bone disequilibrium. V. Effects of a diphosphonate (EHDP) on phosphate fluxes in rat calvaria.

Calvaria taken from rats (normal or thyroparathyroidectomized) given a diphosphonate (EHDP 10 mg/kg daily for 7 days) were placed in special Ussing chambers for the measurement of phosphate fluxes to and from bone. When compared with appropriate controls, the experimental calvaria showed a marked decrease in influx, K, a significant increase in the projected equilibrium concentration, E/K, where E is the efflux and a significnant increase in the calcium concentration in the medium. It is concluded that this large increase in passive “solubility” is caused by the diphosphonate's ability to stabilize the small amount of regulator phase (brushite or brushite-apatite mixture) present in bone.
Impact of Growth Opportunities and Competition on Firm-Level Capability Development Trade-offs

How should managers prioritize among production, product development, branding, internationalization, and other capabilities and resources? This question is central to the resource-based view, and the answer depends not only on the direct returns on investment in each capability but also on the trade-offs in using those returns for future growth or survival in a competitive market. Through simulation experiments, this study examines firm-level capability development trade-offs in the context of a firm's market-level competition and growth. It is found that investing in operational capabilities (which enhance short-term performance) gains priority over investing in long-term dynamic capabilities when the operational capability investment strengthens the reinforcing loop between performance, investment flow, and capability development. Such operational capability investment provides growth opportunities and competitive advantage. Moreover, in strategic competition, firms anticipating rivals' focus on short-term growth need to further ignore dynamic (long-term) capability building in order to survive. Testable propositions are offered as to how trade-offs between short-term and long-term investments depend on different firm and industry characteristics. The results may explain why short-term-focused firm behavior persists in firms even in the absence of discounting, short-term managerial incentives, decision biases, or learning failures.
A rapid selection for animal cell mutants with defective peroxisomes.

Abstract Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells take up and incorporate 9-(1′-pyrene)nonanol (P9OH) into phospholipids and neutral lipids. Exposure of P9OH-labeled cells to long wavelength ultraviolet (UV) light causes cell death, because excitation of the pyrene moiety generates reactive oxygen species. CHO mutant cells deficient in plasmalogen biosynthesis and peroxisome assembly (Zoeller, R.A. and Raetz, C.R.H. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 5170–5174) are much more resistant to P9OH/UV treatment than are wild-type cells. This phenotype is explained by a 7.5-fold reduction of P9OH incorporation into the ethanolamine-linked phospholipids in the mutant cells and 2.4- to 6-fold reduction of P9OH incorporation into all other phospholipids and triglycerides, suggesting a general defect in fatty alcohol metabolism. [U- 14 C]Hexadecanol incorporation into the phospholipids of the mutant cells is also impaired. In contrast, the fatty acid analog, 9-(1′-pyrene)nonanoic acid, is incorporated into cells two times more rapidly by the mutants than by the wild type. Resitance to P9OH/UV treatment affords a simple, new method for the selection of animal cell mutants defective in peroxisome biogenesis.
[Na+] of lateral ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in conscious rabbits before and after osmotic and hypovolemic stimuli.

Abstract Results from direct electrode measurements of lateral ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Na + ] before and after the development of water-deprived, hypovolemic, and relative cellular dehydrative thirst indicated that temporal and directional changes in CSF [Na + ] parallel changes in plasma [Na + ] in conscious, male rabbits. The CSF [Na + ] of rabbits increased by 10.8 meq/liter after 48 h of water deprivation, and 7.6 meq/liter after the i.v. injection of 3 ml/kg 2 m NaCl. The CSF [Na + ] increased immediately after the injection of hypertonic sodium and rapidly returned to control values after water gavage or voluntary water ingestion. The CSF [Na + ] of rabbits dehydrated by the i.v. injection of 3 ml/kg 2 m sucrose and in hypovolemic rabbits (15 ml/kg 20% polyethylene glycol, s.c.) remained the same as that of controls. No change in plasma or CSF [Na + ] occurred in rabbits injected with isotonic saline. An elevation in CSF [Na + ] was not required for the initiation of drinking behavior in the rabbit. The data support an osmoreceptor mechanism for the development of relative cellular dehydrative thirst.
Intervertebral disks on MR images: variation in signal intensity with the disk-to-magnetic field orientation.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate and quantitate the magic angle effect in the intervertebral disk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance (MR) images of a lumbar intervertebral disk in a healthy volunteer were obtained with MR images with horizontal and vertical magnetic fields. Thin-section spin-echo images of an excised intervertebral disk were obtained with a horizontal field machine at orientations with respect to the main magnetic field between +90 degrees and -90 degrees. T1 and T2 were measured independently in this disk at two orientations. RESULTS: Images of the in vivo disk demonstrated a variation in the signal intensity of the anulus fibrosus that was different for the two MR units. The images obtained in the excised intervertebral disk demonstrated a signal intensity variation with disk orientation that was most pronounced in the anterior portion of the anulus. Relaxation time measurements showed the signal intensity reduction to arise from a reduction in T2 with oblique orientations. CONCLUSION: T...
Activity-dependent FMRP requirements in development of the neural circuitry of learning and memory

The activity-dependent refinement of neural circuit connectivity during critical periods of brain development is essential for optimized behavioral performance. We hypothesize that this mechanism is defective in fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. Here, we use optogenetic tools in the Drosophila FXS disease model to test activity-dependent dendritogenesis in two extrinsic neurons of the mushroom body (MB) learning and memory brain center: (1) the input projection neuron (PN) innervating Kenyon cells (KCs) in the MB calyx microglomeruli and (2) the output MVP2 neuron innervated by KCs in the MB peduncle. Both input and output neuron classes exhibit distinctive activity-dependent critical period dendritic remodeling. MVP2 arbors expand in Drosophila mutants null for fragile X mental retardation 1 (dfmr1), as well as following channelrhodopsin-driven depolarization during critical period development, but are reduced by halorhodopsin-driven hyperpolarization. Optogenetic manipulation of PNs causes the opposite outcome – reduced dendritic arbors following channelrhodopsin depolarization and expanded arbors following halorhodopsin hyperpolarization during development. Importantly, activity-dependent dendritogenesis in both neuron classes absolutely requires dfmr1 during one developmental window. These results show that dfmr1 acts in a neuron type-specific activity-dependent manner for sculpting dendritic arbors during early-use, critical period development of learning and memory circuitry in the Drosophila brain.
Aircraft trajectories for reduced noise impact

Numerical optimization is used to compute the optimum flight paths, based upon a parametric form that implicitly includes some of the problem restrictions. The other constraints are formulated as penalties in the cost function. Various aircraft on multiple trajectories (landing and takeoff) can be considered. The modular design employed allows for the substitution of alternate models of the population distribution, aircraft noise, flight paths, and annoyance, or for the addition of other features (e.g., fuel consumption) in the cost function. A reduction in the required amount of searching over local minima was achieved through use of the presence of statistical lateral dispersion in the flight paths. Previously announced in STAR as N81-31159
The effects of denervation and stimulation upon synaptic ultrastructure.

Quantitative studies of synaptic ultrastructure were made in the upper layers of cat cerebral cortex. Tissues were from intact cortex and from long-term (chronic) undercut cortex with or without electrical stimulation. The synaptic effects of chronic electrical stimulation of denervated cortex are most readily understood as growth and remodeling of synaptic elements. Associated with chronic stimulation were increases in: symmetric membrane contacts; areas of round and flat vesicle containing terminals; dendritic shaft contacts; and synaptic contact lengths. Even without stimulation there were indications of synaptic plasticity in denervated cortex; compared with intact cortex, synapses having symmetric membrane contacts showed an increase in bouton area and an increase in synaptic contacts on dendritic shafts. These data are consistent with the observations of others in which axonal terminal growth occurred after deafferentation. But it appears that chronic electrical stimulation in the adult nervous system promotes significantly more plasticity than occurs without stimulation. In a functional sense stimulation in the present experiments pro- duced effective inhibition which did not occur with denervation alone. Thus the plasticity observed with stimulation components.
Tensile behavior and deformation mechanisms of bulk ultrafine-grained copper

The tensile behaviors of the ultrafine-grained (UFG) pure copper prepared by cold rolling have been investigated. The UFG-Cu exhibited high strengths and low ductility. The ductile dimple-like fracture surfaces and persistent-slip-bands (PSBs)-like local shear bands in the tension-deformed UFG-Cu were observed, both of which typically spanned tens of grain sizes. This observation indicated that the fracture mechanisms operated at a larger scale than the grain size and eventually involved collective grain activities. Moreover, localized shear bands provided the experimental evidence to the localized plastic deformation, which was the one of the dominant reasons, causing the low ductility in the UFG-Cu.
The computational thinking across the curriculum workshop

We report on a workshop conducted as a part of an NSF-funded project focused on enhancing computational thinking in the general education curriculum. The workshop brought together project participants as well as other interested individuals to reflect on the first two years of the grant and begin planning for future work. We report on the results of a survey of workshop participants, providing insight into factors that contribute to the success of such events.
Finite dimensional Markov process approximation for stochastic time-delayed dynamical systems

Abstract This paper presents a method of finite dimensional Markov process (FDMP) approximation for stochastic dynamical systems with time delay. The FDMP method preserves the standard state space format of the system, and allows us to apply all the existing methods and theories for analysis and control of stochastic dynamical systems. The paper presents the theoretical framework for stochastic dynamical systems with time delay based on the FDMP method, including the FPK equation, backward Kolmogorov equation, and reliability formulation. A simple one-dimensional stochastic system is used to demonstrate the method and the theory. The work of this paper opens a door to various studies of stochastic dynamical systems with time delay.
The impact of management and employees on cellular manufacturing implementation

Abstract Several empirical studies have dealt with the impact of cellular manufacturing (CM) on employees’ attitudes, job satisfaction, morale, and quality of work life. While the understanding of the impact of CM on these characteristics allows practitioners to identify the undesirable effects to avoid during CM implementation, research is lacking on which desirable sociotechnical job characteristics have significant impacts on the success of CM implementation. This study uses the sociotechnical system (STS) principles to identify three major categories of variables that are likely to impact CM implementation namely top management role, job design for operators, and cross training. Three different exploratory regression models were used to identify subsets of the variables that have the most impact on CM success. The results indicate, among other things, that CM implementation seems to be more successful if top management initiates the CM project, and if employees are cross-trained to run various machines and read blue prints. In addition, CM success seems to be enhanced if jobs are scheduled and tracked within the cells.
Dynamic Behaviour in Large Markets for Differentiated Products

An important question is how well competitive models approximate models of large finite economies. For a class of differentiated products models static Nash equilibria, if they exist, always converge to competition as the number of firms increases. Dynamic Nash equilibria need not so converge. Easily checked conditions for convergence to competition do, however, exist.
Obturator hernia: the Mayo Clinic experience

Obturator herniae (OH) are rare, with nonspecific signs and symptoms, and diagnosis is usually delayed until laparotomy. The added benefit of preoperative diagnosis with computed tomography (CT) remains unclear. We reviewed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of OH repairs performed at our institution over a 58-year period. Outcomes were compared between patients who did or did not have a preoperative CT. Between 1950 and 2008, 30 patients (median age 82 years, 29 women) underwent OH repair. The most common presenting signs and symptoms were bowel obstruction (63%), abdominal/groin pain (57%), and a palpable lump (10%). The pathognomonic Howship-Romberg sign was present in 11 patients (37%). The diagnosis was made preoperatively in nine patients: clinically in one (3%) and with CT in eight (27%). Nineteen patients (63%) presented emergently. Primary and prosthetic repair were performed in 23 (77%) and seven (23%) patients, respectively. Small-bowel resection was performed in 14 patients (47%). Perioperative morbidity (30%) and mortality (10%) rates were high. Patients with a preoperative CT were less likely to develop a postoperative complication of any type [odds ratio (OR) 0.8, P = 0.04]; however, time to operation, length of stay, need for bowel resection, and mortality rate did not differ (P = NS). No recurrences were detected at a median follow-up of 2 years (range 0–55). Although CT imaging provides an excellent means of preoperative diagnosis, suggestive signs and symptoms in a “skinny old lady” should prompt immediate operative intervention without delay.
A multimodal framework for unsupervised feature fusion

With the overwhelming amounts of visual contents on the Internet nowadays, it is very important to generate meaningful and succinct descriptions of multimedia contents including images and videos. Although human taggings and annotations can partially label some of the images or videos, it is impossible to exhaustively describe all the multimedia data due to its huge scale. Therefore, the key to this important task is to develop an effective algorithm that can automatically generate a description of an image or a frame. In this paper, we propose a multimodal feature fusion framework which can model any given image-description pair using semantically meaningful features. This framework is trained as a combination of multi-modal deep networks having two integral components: An ensemble of image descriptors and a recursive bigram encoder with fixed length output feature vector. These two components are then integrated into a joint model characterizing the correlations between images and texts. The proposed framework can not only model the unique characteristics of images or texts, but also take into account their correlations at the semantic level. Experiments on real image-text data sets show that the proposed framework is effective and efficient in indexing and retrieving semantically similar pairs, which will be very useful to help people locate interesting images or videos in large-scale databases.
Adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in men with obstructive sleep apnea

Study objective To assess anthropometric characteristics of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and their relationship to cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance) and severity of breathing abnormalities during sleep. Design Case series. Setting Referral-based sleep disorder center serving Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts. Patients Forty-five men, 26 to 65 years old, with OSA diagnosed by clinical and polysomnographic criteria. Results By national health survey criteria, 51 percent of patients were in the upper fifth percentile for weight, whereas 91 to 98 percent were in the upper fifth percentile for skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, triceps plus subscapular). Severe upper body obesity, as defined by a waist-hip ratio (WHR) greater than or equal to 1.00, was present in 51 percent of the patients. The WHR, however, did not correlate significantly with the severity of respiratory disturbances during sleep. The patients had higher prevalences of hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance than expected, but normal prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and overt diabetes mellitus. Skinfold thicknesses correlated more closely with the severity of OSA than did body mass index (BMI) or neck circumference. Conclusion Men with OSA have a marked excess of body fat that is not always reflected in measurements of body weight or BMI. Also, upper body obesity, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance occur more frequently than expected in this population. Severe adiposity may not only promote development of the respiratory abnormalities of OSA, but also may contribute directly to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with OSA.
Changing Faces: Suburban School Response to Demographic Change.

As minority populations continue to grow, suburban school systems will bear a larger responsibility for educating students of color. Rapid demographic change may mean that students of color could w...
A study of the contribution of doubly excited ionic states to the properties of hot dense high-Z plasmas

Abstract The role of two-electron processes, i.e. dielectronic recombination and autoionization, in the ionization balance and X-ray emission of hot dense plasmas composed of various high-Z materials is explored. Tungsten, gold, lead and uranium are considered. It is shown that the average ion charge and the high-energy emissivity are both sensitive to the dielectronic recombination rate. A systematic study demonstrates the degree of this sensitivity. It is found that the complete neglect of these 2-electron processes introduces a large error but once included, the key physical properties are quite insensitive to the rate over the important 2–3 keV temperature range. The high-energy emissivity depends strongly on temperature, peaking at conditions corresponding to a closed shell system, and on the square of the electron density, as for a coronal system.
Metabolism of Phosphatidylcholine in Freshly Secreted Milk

Abstract Phosphatidylcholines labeled with carbon-14 in the glycerol, the acyl groups, or uniformly labeled were incubated individually in freshly secreted goat milk from which fat globules were removed. After 2 h incubation at 37 C the milks were extracted to obtain the lipids, and radioactivities in the aqueous, neutral lipid, phospholipid, and free fatty acid fractions were determined. Activities in the phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions were resolved further by separation on thin-layer chromatographic plates and by assaying activity within the individual lipid classes. Evidence from all three labeled substrates showed that lipolytic degradation was the dominant metabolism during incubation. Free fatty acids, uncharacterized water-soluble products, and lysophosphatidylcholine were the principal products. Destruction of the labeled substrates ranged from 58 to 80%. Significant labeling of di- and triglycerides occurred in incubations with acylcarbon-14 and carbon-14 uniformly labeled substrates, presumably by incorporation of carbon-14 fatty acids released from those substrates. Carbon-14 labeled glycerol of phosphatidylcholine so labeled was incorporated poorly, if at all, into neutral lipids (di- and triglycerides) from the incubations.
Lengthening the Terminal Portion of a Tendon

In the operative reattachment of an avulsed or lacerated tendon, additional tendon length is occasionally needed to reach the proposed reinsertion site. This is encountered when there is loss of distal tendon substance or when muscle shortening and tendon retraction has occurred. The following describes a technique of lengthening the terminal portion of the tendon to facilitate reattachment.
Metallization of ion beam synthesized Si/3C-SiC/Si layer systems by high-dose implantation of transition metal ions

Abstract The formation of metal silicide layers contacting an ion beam synthesized buried 3C–SiC layer in silicon by means of high-dose titanium and molybdenum implantations is reported. Two different strategies to form such contact layers are explored. The titanium implantation aims to convert the Si top layer of an epitaxial Si/SiC/Si layer sequence into TiSi 2 , while Mo implantations were performed directly into the SiC layer after selectively etching off all capping layers. Textured and high-temperature stable C54-TiSi 2 layers with small additions of more metal-rich silicides are obtained in the case of the Ti implantations. Mo implantations result in the formation of the high-temperature phase β-MoSi 2 , which also grows textured on the substrate. The formation of cavities in the silicon substrate at the lower SiC/Si interface due to the Si consumption by the growing silicide phase is observed in both cases. It probably constitutes a problem, occurring whenever thin SiC films on silicon have to be contacted by silicide forming metals independent of the deposition technique used. It is shown that this problem can be solved with ion beam synthesized contact layers by proper adjustment of the metal ion dose.
Status Of The CCD-Addressed Liquid Crystal Light Valve

This paper discusses the present state of development of the Hughes charge-coupled-device-addressed liquid crystal light valve (CCD-LCLV). The device is based on the photo-activated silicon LCLV, and features a serial electrical input that is converted to a truly parallel optical output. The device can utilize both coherent and incoherent readout light sources, with a spectrum extending from the visible to the IR. The complete array has been activated, at serial data rates exceeding 6.5 MHz, corresponding to 100 Hz frame rates, using external drive electronics. Design limiting resolution has been observed, with up to 50:1 contrast ratios. Real-time video has been demonstrated. The CCD-LCLV is suitable for a range of applications, including adaptive optics and optical data processing systems.
Involvement of interleukin-1 and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in in vitro embryo development among women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

Purpose: To examine the roles of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), in in vitro embryo development and subsequent pregnancy outcome.
Influence of DNA Structure on DNA Polymerase β Active Site Function: EXTENSION OF MUTAGENIC DNA INTERMEDIATES

In the ternary substrate complex of DNA polymerase (pol) β, the nascent base pair (templating and incoming nucleotides) is sandwiched between the duplex DNA terminus and polymerase. To probe molecular interactions in the dNTP-binding pocket, we analyzed the kinetic behavior of wild-type pol β on modified DNA substrates that alter the structure of the DNA terminus and represent mutagenic intermediates. The DNA substrates were modified to 1) alter the sequence of the duplex terminus (matched and mismatched), 2) introduce abasic sites near the nascent base pair, and 3) insert extra bases in the primer or template strands to mimic frameshift intermediates. The results indicate that the nucleotide insertion efficiency (kcat/Km, dGTP-dC) is highly dependent on the sequence identity of the matched (i.e. Watson-Crick base pair) DNA terminus (template/primer, G/C ∼ A/T > T/A ∼ C/G). Mismatches at the primer terminus strongly diminish correct nucleotide insertion efficiency but do not affect DNA binding affinity. Transition intermediates are generally extended more easily than transversions. Most mismatched primer termini decrease the rate of insertion and binding affinity of the incoming nucleotide. In contrast, the loss of catalytic efficiency with homopurine mismatches at the duplex DNA terminus is entirely due to the inability to insert the incoming nucleotide, since Kd(dGTP) is not affected. Abasic sites and extra nucleotides in and around the duplex terminus decrease catalytic efficiency and are more detrimental to the nascent base pair binding pocket when situated in the primer strand than the equivalent position in the template strand.
Promoting minority success in the sciences: The minority opportunities in research programs at CSULA

Given the large continued investment by the federal government in programs that promote academic success and the pursuit of advanced degrees in the sciences among members groups traditionally underrepresented in the sciences, there is a strong need for research which provides rigorous investigations of these programs and their impact on the target population. The current study examines programs funded by the National Institutes of Health Minority Opportunities in Research (MORE) Division Office intended to address this underrepresentation at a minority serving comprehensive university. Academic outcomes, including college graduation and acceptance into graduate programs, among undergraduate program participants are compared against a propensity score matched comparison group. Results indicate that students supported by the MORE programs had higher GPAs at graduation, took less time to graduate, and were more likely to both graduate with a science degree and enter Master's and doctoral programs in the sciences. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 199–217, 2012
Stop flow lithography synthesis of non-spherical metal oxide particles

Abstract Non-spherical micron and nano-sized particles and their composites have become essential in select application areas of optics, wear resistance, personnel protection, chemical mechanical polishing, and biomedicine. In this paper, the synthesis of composite and ceramic non-spherical particles using stop flow lithography is reported. Precursor suspensions of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone and SiO2 or Al2O3 are prepared. The precursor suspension flows through a microfluidic device mounted on an upright microscope and is polymerized in an automated process. A photomask patterned with transparent geometric features, which define the cross-sectional shapes of the particles, masks the UV light to synthesize micron sized particles. Particles with axial dimensions ranging from 35 to 167 μm were synthesized. Control of device channel depth and objective lens magnification enables the manipulation of the particle size. Composite particles in triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, and circular cross sections were synthesized. Subsequently, the transformation of the composite particles into the corresponding metal oxide particles was achieved through polymer burn-off and sintering.
Computers for Education in the Home: Can Schools Tap Their Potential?.

While the number of computers is increasing both in US schools and homes, no schools are presently systematically using the home computer as a part of everyday instruction. This paper looks at the effects of parental involvement in children's education, reviews information on computer presence in US homes, and discusses the few research projects that look at the home use of the computer for education. The paper concludes that activities are now taking place which will facilitate formal programs in US schools by the beginning of the 1990s.
The chromatic number of the sphere

Erdos, Harary and Tutte have defined the chromatic number of the plane to be the least number of sets partitioning the plane such that no set contains two points at unit distance apart. By analogy, the chromatic number χ( S 1 ), of the sphere, S r of radius r is defined to be the least number of sets partitioning the surface of S r such that no set contains two points at unit chordal distance apart. In this paper it is proven that and that this bound is best possible since .
Cognition and Extended (NSNX) Rational Choice: Some Early Results

The paper sketches a neoDarwinian model of cooperation, which is then used to analyze archived data from two prominent series of public goods experiments. Each of three tests supports a conjecture drawn from the model, but also reveals a cognitive complication.
‘New Sport’ in the Street: Self-Defence, Security and Space in Belle Epoque Paris

Near the turn of the twentieth century, traditional self-defence methods (for example, jiu-jitsu) were revamped into a more accessible and practical set of techniques and tactics for everyday use in urban public space. Framed as a "new sport" with broad public utility, early urban self-defence developed against the backdrop of heightening fears of violent crime and a burgeoning politics of security, as well as tensions provoked by the increasingly common appearance of unchaperoned, middle-class women in public. Self-defence masters pitched their innovations in an inclusive rhetoric, always with separate lessons for men and women and their respective spaces of risk. This article places modern self-defence practices in tension with historical transformations in the urban landscape, arguing that urban self-defence posited a certain subjective relation to the city that tapped simultaneously into the desire for empowerment, fantasies of criminal danger and a law-and-order tone that shaded into urban vigilantism.
Three-dimensional two-photon imaging in polymeric materials

We report image formation via single and two-photon photoinduced fluorescence changes in a polymeric medium with two-photon fluorescence readout of multiplayer structures. Photoinduced acid generation in the presence of a two-photon fluorescent dye possessing strongly basic functional groups (7-benzothiazolyl-9,9-didecyl-2,2-(N,N- diphenylamino)fluorene underwent protonation upon exposure with UV or near-IR (740 nm fs pulses). Solution studies demonstrate formation of monoprotonated and diprotonated species upon irradiation, each resulting in distinctly different absorption and fluorescence properties. The fluorescence of the original, neutral, fluorophore is quenched upon monoprotonation with a concomitant increase in fluorescence at longer wavelengths due to the monoprotonated form. Hence, two channel two-photon fluorescence imaging provides 'positive' or 'negative' image readout capability. Results of solution and solid polymer thin films experiments are presented.
Unidirectional lasing with symmetry broken core-shell nanoparticle

We propose a plasmonic laser with uni-directional power outflow based on a symmetry broken core-shell nanoparticle. A detailed study of the emission mechanism of the sub-wavelength, directional light source is provided.