cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Double-Layer Zeolite Nano-Blocks and Palladium-Based Nanocomposite Fiber Optic Sensors for Selective Hydrogen Sensing at Room Temperature

Double-layer fiber optic sensors have been fabricated and tested for hydrogen (H 2 ) gas at room temperature. The optical fiber was coated with a palladium/silica (Pd/SiO 2 ) sensing layer and a zeolite nano-blocks filter layer. The sensors demonstrated clear sensitivity to a broad range of H 2 concentrations. The selectivity study was focused on methane (CH 4 ) and carbon monoxide (CO). It was found that CH4 had no influence on the sensing response while the filter layer minimized the CO interference. The double-layer sensors are, thus, potentially useful for online monitoring of dissolved H2 in power transformers and other electrical grid assets which utilize insulation oils.
Cigarette Smoke Regulates the Competitive Interactions between NRF2 and BACH1 for Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction

Cigarette smoke has been shown to trigger aberrant signaling pathways and pathophysiological processes; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying smoke-induced gene expression remain to be established. Herein, we observed that two smoke-responsive genes, HO-1 and CYP1A1, are robustly induced upon smoke by different mechanisms in human bronchial epithelia. CYP1A1 is mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, while induction of HO-1 is regulated by oxidative stress, and suppressed by N-acetylcysteine treatment. In light of a pivotal role of NRF2 and BACH1 in response to oxidative stress and regulation of HO-1, we examined if smoke-induced HO-1 expression is modulated through the NRF2/BACH1 axis. We demonstrated that smoke causes significant nuclear translocation of NRF2, but only a slight decrease in nuclear BACH1. Knockdown of NRF2 attenuated smoke-induced HO-1 expression while down-regulation of BACH1 had stimulatory effects on both basal and smoke-induced HO-1 with trivial influence on NRF2 nuclear translocation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that smoke augments promoter-specific DNA binding of NRF2 but suppresses BACH1 binding to the HO-1 promoter ARE sites, two of which at -1.0 kb and -2.6 kb are newly identified. These results suggest that the regulation of NRF2 activator and BACH1 repressor binding to the ARE sites are critical for smoke-mediated HO-1 induction.
Occupational Career Change and Gender Wage Inequality

This article examines the relationship between the changing occupational careers of female wage earners and gender wage inequality. Using Current Population Survey-Merged Outgoing Rotation Group data, it assesses the effect on the gender wage gap of changes in the composition and price both of care-providing occupations that are culturally associated with female labor and of managerial and professional occupations that are not part of the care economy, over the period 1979 to 2015. It finds that the rapid entry of female workers into high-wage managerial occupations, and their exit from low-wage private household work, contributed to gender wage convergence. However, the wage-equalizing effects of occupational shifts and related behavioral changes diminish over time, and wage convergence ceases after 2007. It also finds that female workers continue to be disadvantaged by wage dispersion and that most of the remaining gender wage gap arises within occupations. The concluding sections discuss the findings a...
Balint work and the creation of medical knowledge

Michael Balint's pioneering work in primary care was not simply the application of psychodynamic theory to the complex problems and relationships encountered by clinicians. Rather, Balint's work was part of a wider conversation in Western epistemology that had already begun to break down the enlightenment rationalist agenda. Since the time of Descartes, we sought to find certain truth through decontextualizing and abstracting problems, and through separation of the observer from the thing observed, with a focus on finding universal timeless laws that could be generalized. By the mid-1950s, it was clear that this agenda was insufficient to answer important questions about what it means to be human and to live a healthy and happy life. Balint's experiment was a return to a method of knowledge creation that is case based, narrative, local, timely, particular, and especially considers specific contexts for finding solutions to problems. For current healthcare reform efforts to be effective, we must include Balint's focus on the context of the doctor, patient, and their relationship, as well as development of practical wisdom (i.e. Aristotelian phronesis) that we know in medicine as professional judgment. The case study method of the Balint group is one of the few and best formal methods to teach and practice this way of knowing.
IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL INTRACELLULAR HYALURONAN-BINDING PROTEIN, IHABP4

ABSTRACT The functions of hyaluronan in extracellular matrices and at the surface of cells have been extensively studied. However, it is now clear that significant pools of hyaluronan are also present intracellularly and, in an attempt to define the function of intracellular hyaluronan, we have sought to identify intracellular hyaluronan-binding proteins. In previous studies we identified CDC37, a cell cycle regulatory protein, using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a novel group of hyaluronan-binding proteins. In this study, we have identified a second hyaluronan-binding protein with this antibody, and characterized its properties. This protein, which we term IHABP4, is an intracellular and specific hyaluronan-binding protein containing several hyaluronan-binding motifs, namely B(X7)B (where B denotes basic and X denotes non-acidic amino acids). Comparison of the deduced chick, mouse and human protein sequences indicates that the hyaluronan-binding motifs in these sequences are conserved. By biochemical fractionation and immunofluorescent localization of epitope-tagged IHABP4 we have shown that it is mainly present in the cytoplasm. We also confirmed the intracellular localization of hyaluronan in actively cycling cells. These data support the possibility that intracellular hyaluronan and its binding proteins may play important roles in cell behavior.
Lymphocytes Forming Red Cell Rosettes in the Cold in Patients With Chronic Cold Agglutinin Disease

Lymphocytes that formed rosettes with human red cells in the cold were observed in the peripheral blood of four patients with chronic cold agglutinin disease. Similar rosettes were not observed in normals or other controls studied. Specificity for I and i red cells was demonstrated which paralleled that of the serum macroglobulins. The rosettes were inhibited by soluble I and i antigens in accordance with the specificity of the serum antibodies. Lymphocytotoxicity assays with idiotypic antisera made to the serum macroglobulins detected the same proteins on the lymphocyte surface. Evidence was obtained that the rosette test underestimated the number of cells bearing the specific cold agglutinin protein. Antisera against cold agglutinins as well as anti-IgM antibodies blocked the rosette formation. By all of these criteria, the surface lymphocyte receptors were indistinguishable from the serum antibodies of these patients.
Identifying critical factors for catalyst performance in methanol oxidation by Box–Behnken design

Methanol oxidation is one of the most important processes in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Proper anodic catalysis ensures high energy conversion and operation cost of the fuel cell. Although a proton exchange membrane is a successful electrolyte of DMFC, its drawbacks or limitations can be avoided by replacing the solid membrane with a liquid electrolyte that is not subject to evaporation, especially at elevated temperatures. A promising candidate for such electrolyte is an ionic liquid. The performance of the anode catalyst will be affected when the electrolyte has been changed. In our paper, we report a fast Box–Behnken design to identify the most critical factors that would determine the performance of a specific catalyst—platinum-coated gold nanoporous film (PGNF). Our research revealed that the catalytic kinetics is the critical factor for PGNF in aqueous solution electrolyte; while catalyst poisoning was the most critical when the ionic liquid BMImBF4 was the electrolyte. This example of how statistic tools could be used in the development of fuel cells could be expanded to the studies of other systems.
French historical epistemology: Discourse, concepts, and the norms of rationality.

Abstract In recent years, analytic philosophers have begun to recognize the value of the French school of historical epistemology (as embodied by figures such as Jean Cavailles, Gaston Bachelard, Georges Canguilhem, and Michel Foucault) for contemporary debates in the history and philosophy of science. This tradition, which some characterize as a ‘French’ approach to the philosophy of science, however, remains largely un-read by mainstream philosophers of science. This article offers an interpretation of this tradition, highlighting what the author takes to be its two central features: (i) its claim that scientific discourse is the object of epistemology and (ii) its claim that scientific concepts are the building blocks of scientific discourse.
Advances in Antiwolbachial Drug Discovery for Treatment of Parasitic Filarial Worm Infections

The intracellular bacteria now known as Wolbachia were first described in filarial worms in the 1970s, but the idea of Wolbachia being used as a macrofilaricidal target did not gain wide attention until the early 2000s, with research in filariae suggesting the requirement of worms for the endosymbiont. This new-found interest prompted the eventual organization of the Anti-Wolbachia Consortium (A-WOL) at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who, among others have been active in the field of antiwolbachial drug discovery to treat filarial infections. Clinical proof of concept studies using doxycycline demonstrated the utility of the antiwolbachial therapy, but efficacious treatments were of long duration and not safe for all infected. With the advance of robotics, automation, and high-speed computing, the search for superior antiwolbachials shifted away from smaller studies with a select number of antibiotics to high-throughput screening approaches, centered largely around cell-based phenotypic screens due to the rather limited knowledge about, and tools available to manipulate, this bacterium. A concomitant effort was put towards developing validation approaches and in vivo models supporting drug discovery efforts. In this review, we summarize the strategies behind and outcomes of recent large phenotypic screens published within the last 5 years, hit compound validation approaches and promising candidates with profiles superior to doxycycline, including ones positioned to advance into clinical trials for treatment of filarial worm infections.
Frequency-Hiding Dependency-Preserving Encryption for Outsourced Databases

The cloud paradigm enables users to outsource their data to computationally powerful third-party service providers for data management. Many data management tasks rely on the data dependency in the outsourced data. This raises an important issue of how the data owner can protect the sensitive information in the outsourced data while preserving the data dependency. In this paper, we consider functional dependency (FD), an important type of data dependency. Although simple deterministic encryption schemes can preserve FDs, they may be vulnerable against the frequency analysis attack. We design a frequency hiding, FD-preserving probabilistic encryption scheme, named F2, that enables the service provider to discover the FDs from the encrypted dataset. We consider two attacks, namely the frequency analysis (FA) attack and the FD-preserving chosen plaintext attack (FCPA), and show that the F2 encryption scheme can defend against both attacks with formal provable guarantee. Our empirical study demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of F2, as well as its security against both FA and FCPA attacks.
A new substrate for enzymatic radiofluorination

620 Objectives Recently, a novel, mild and high yielding F-18 labeling method utilizing an enzyme, called 5’-fluoroadenosine synthase (fluorinase), has been reported to yield [18F]-FDA from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). Fluorinase was shown to only accept SAM and its 2’-deoxy derivative. The goal is to diversify the application of enzymatic fluorination by designing novel substrates to produce a wider range of PET probes based on the extremely mild, specific and high yielding enzymatic catalysis approach. Herein, we investigate the activity of fluorinase using a new substrate possesing an azamethionine leaving group. Methods The non-native substrate for fluorinase, N-adenosyl-N-methyl-L-azamethionine (MeAzaAdoMet), was modelled in silico. Computational studies on docking with fluorinase enzyme were performed and the molecule was synthesized. Fluorinase was applied in the reaction of MeAzaAdoMet fluorination to yield 5’-[18F]fluoro-5’deoxyadenosine ([18F]FDA). Results In our preliminary study, MeAzaAdoMet was found to resemble the SAM molecule with 96% similarity in docking experiments. Based on the computed model, the compound was synthesized via a multistep reaction involving a series of protection, coupling, quaternization and deprotection steps starting from adenosine and L-N2-Boc-2,4-diaminobutyric acid. This compound was then subjected to the radiofluorination using fluorinase/L-amino acid oxidase/[18F]fluoride/[18O]H2O system. Based on an unoptimized radiofluorination methodology, the fluorination efficiency was found to be 30%± 3% (n=10) Conclusions We have investigate the enzymatic radiofluorination using a SAM-like using the wild type fluorinase. This preliminary investigation confirmed that the substrate specificity of the enzyme can be widened using a L-methionine like leaving group, which could be synthesized chemically. Furthermore, this work could serve as the building block towards the investigation of new precursors suitable for enzymatic fluorination to yield a diverse range of fluorinated compounds. Research Support Department of Energy (DOE DE-SC0001249)
Long Run Risk: Is It There?

News contains valuable conditioning information that captures time-varying investor concern over different aspects of the macroeconomy. We create separate news measures to approximate investor concern about consumption growth, inflation, and unemployment by associating front-page articles in the Wall Street Journal with the respective macroeconomic factors. For each macroeconomic variable, we construct a news conditional macro model and compare its cross-sectional pricing power against that of the corresponding macro 1-factor beta-model. Next, we focus on our consumption-based news measure and simulate a long-short trading strategy based on news beta-loadings of NYSE and AMEX stocks. Strategy returns are significant and robust to adjusting for Fama French 3-factor risk. Finally, we show our news measures capture aspects of investor concern related to changes in macroeconomic forecasts. We discuss the implications of our consumption-based news measure for three important macro asset pricing models: Habit, Rare Disaster, and Long Run Risk. Our empirical findings do not support the Habit or Rare Disaster models. However, we find evidence in favor of the Long Run Risk model.
Redox regulation of protein kinase signaling

Abstract Reversible protein phosphorylation, mediated by reciprocal actions of protein kinases and phosphatases, represents a major mode of posttranslational regulation of protein function in all organisms. During the past 20 years, it has become clear that protein phosphorylation is subject to oxidative mechanisms, which not only can inhibit major classes of protein phosphatase, particularly tyrosine phosphatases, but also can directly regulate various protein kinases as well as recognition of phosphorylated proteins, both positively and negatively. Such redox-based regulation typically involves reversible oxidation of conserved cysteine residues, although other oxidative modifications are also involved. The diverse modes of orthogonal regulation of protein phosphorylation by such reversible oxidative events indicate an intricate relationship between redox-dependent signaling mechanisms and protein kinase signaling pathways, especially in aerobic life. Dysregulation of such redox-dependent regulatory mechanisms during conditions of oxidative stress may contribute to abnormal protein phosphorylation and development of disease.
Clinical significance of presenting syndromes on outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJECTIVES Evidence of an association between postoperative survival and the presenting syndrome following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is limited. Our goal was to evaluate whether the presenting symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stable ischaemic heart disease were associated with mid-term survival in patients undergoing CABG. METHODS We performed a single-centre retrospective study involving consecutive CABG operations from 2011 to 2016. Post-discharge survival was ascertained via patient-level data linkage with the State of Connecticut vital statistics. Baseline and postoperative variables were compared between the two groups. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for demographics and comorbidity, was used to show whether the presenting syndrome category was independently associated with mid-term survival. RESULTS A total of 1631 patients were included: 794 with stable ischaemic heart disease and 837 with ACS. Patients with ACS who underwent CABG showed more comorbidities. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 1.8% (ACS 2.3% vs stable ischaemic heart disease 1.3%; P = 0.12). In-hospital, postoperative outcomes revealed higher rates of prolonged ventilation (11.7% vs 4.8%; P < 0.001), pneumonia (6.6% vs 3.9%; P = 0.016) and stay in the intensive care unit (3.7 ± 4.0 vs 3.2 ± 2.7 days; P = 0.014) in patients with ACS. The overall mean duration of the long-term follow-up period was 27.9 ± 16.5 months, during which 117 deaths occurred. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for demographics and comorbidity showed that ACS was not a predictor of mid-term mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-1.90; P = 0.26]. Other significant predictors were cardiogenic shock (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.04-4.33; P = 0.039) and history of congestive heart failure (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.18-2.69; P = 0.0062). CONCLUSIONS The presenting syndrome was not an independent predictor of the mid-term mortality rate. The results indicate that the classification of the presenting syndrome may be fluid and that clinical decision-making for postoperative care of patients who have CABG directed by category of presenting syndrome needs careful consideration. These data should be interpreted in the context of the limitations of this study.
Facial Weakness Analysis and Quantification of Static Images

Facial weakness is a symptom commonly associated to lack of facial muscle control due to neurological injury. Several diseases are associated with facial weakness such as stroke and Bell's palsy. The use of digital imaging through mobile phones, tablets, personal computers and other devices could provide timely opportunity for detection, which if accurate enough can improve treatment by enabling faster patient triage and recovery progress monitoring. Most of the existing facial weakness detection approaches from static images are based on facial landmarks from which geometric features can be calculated. Landmark-based methods, however, can suffer from inaccuracies in face landmarks localization. In this study, We also experimentally evaluate the performance of several feature extraction methods for measuring facial weakness, including the landmark-based features, as well as intensity-based features on a neurologist-certified dataset that comprises 186 images of normal, 125 images of left facial weakness, and 126 images of right facial weakness. We demonstrate that, for the application of facial weakness detection from single (static) images, approaches that incorporate the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HoG) features tend to be more accurate.
Genetics in Anthropology

As soon as fundamental principles of genetic inheritance clearly established in the early twentieth century, anthropologists began using these principles and new empirical data, to illuminate long-standing problems of human variation and primate phylogeny. Initially focusing on human blood characteristics, geneticists quantified regional differences in ABO genotype, and tried to correlate these difference with more traditional osteometric assessments of variation. Anthropologists were especially interested in alleles like the sickling trait, which had adaptive significance. When blood samples became available from other primates, in mid-century, it became possible to construct phylogenetic trees based on genetics data, and to compare these results with the fossil record. After World War II, field expeditions were organized by anthropological geneticists to collect far-flung samples of human genetic material, along with new cultural and linguistic data, in the hope of finding correlations, thereby detecting evolutionary trends and reconstructing human migration. With the addition of ancient DNA techniques to the anthropological repertoire in the 1980s, all four fields of anthropology—ethnology, archaeology, linguistics, and human biology—became intimately involved in genetics research, both individually and in cross-disciplinary research. The immediate research agenda for anthropological genetics includes (a) human origins (b) prehistoric migration (c) coevolution of biology, language, and culture, and (d) variation and adaptation to modern environments.
Introducing Gamettes: A Playful Approach for Capturing Decision-Making for Informing Behavioral Models

Agent-based simulations are widely used for modeling human behavior in various contexts. However, such simulations may oversimplify human decision-making. We propose the use of Gamettes to extract rich data on human decision-making and help in improving the human behavioral aspects of models underlying agent-based simulations. We show how Gamettes are designed and provide empirical validation for using Gamettes in an experimental supply chain setting to study human decision-making. Our results show that Gamettes are successful in capturing the expected behaviors and patterns in supply chain decisions, and, thus, we find evidence for the capability of Gamettes to inform behavioral models.
Essential Oil Olfactory Test: Comparison of Affordable Rapid Olfaction Measurement Array (AROMA) to Sniffin’ Sticks 12

ObjectivesTo further demonstrate the validity of Affordable Rapid Olfaction Measurement Array (AROMA), an essential oil−based smell test, and compare it to the Sniffin’ Sticks 12 Test (SST12).Study...
Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin with two distinct etiologies. Clonal integration of Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA into the tumor genome with persist...
Role of digital breast tomosynthesis in the evaluation of focal breast pain.

Rational and objective To investigate the utility of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the evaluation of focal breast pain, considering breast density and breast cancer risk. Methods Ninety-one cases of focal breast pain evaluated with DBT and ultrasound (US) from 12/30/2014 to 11/9/2017 with 2-year follow-up were identified. Exclusion criteria were non-focal, axillary, or radiating pain; palpable or skin changes; pregnancy or lactation; and history of ipsilateral cancer, trauma, or infection. Demographic data, Tyrer-Cuzick Score (TCS), medical history, breast density, imaging results, and pathology were recorded. Descriptive statistics were reported. Results Eighteen percent (16/91) of cases demonstrated findings, all benign. Of these, 6% (1/16) were detected by DBT only, 88% (14/16) by US only, and 6% (1/16) by DBT and US. US resulted in 3 benign biopsies. Ninety-nine percent (75/76) of cases with no findings at the site of pain on US also had no findings on DBT. Ninety-eight percent (89/91) of cases with no cancer detected at the site of pain on US also did not have cancer on DBT. DBT detected 2 incidental cancers not associated with pain. DBT and US agreed that there was no finding at the site of pain in 82% (75/91) of cases. A high degree of agreement between DBT and US was seen when stratified by breast density and TCS. Conclusion DBT may be appropriate for the evaluation of focal pain. Low breast cancer incidence was observed at the site of focal pain across all mammographic breast densities and breast cancer risks.
The Silk Weavers of Kyoto: Family and Work in a Changing Traditional Industry Tamara K. Hareven

(2009). The Silk Weavers of Kyoto: Family and Work in a Changing Traditional Industry Tamara K. Hareven. The Journal of Modern Craft: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 117-119.
The Impact of Capital Controls on Growth Convergence

Both cross-sectional regression and panel data methods of growth convergence estimation are used to determine the impact of various forms of capital controls on economic growth and growth convergence. We suggest a method to control for measurement error in the cross-sectional regressions based on data quality estimates. The effect of capital controls is found to be strongly dependent on the specific type of control in place, with restrictions on current account payments having the most detrimental effect on growth. A key finding is the importance of interaction effects between capital controls and openness to trade, and capital controls and initial income. The interaction between capital controls and initial income suggests that not only do capital controls impair growth, they also reduce the rate of conditional growth convergence. The omission of these interactions may explain the failure of earlier cross-sectional studies to find effects of capital controls on growth.
The Wolffe Collection of Sculpture by R. Tait McKenzie

(1978). The Wolffe Collection of Sculpture by R. Tait McKenzie. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 60-64.
Parallel Partitioning Estimation

The estimation algorithm described in this paper solves the linear estimation problem as a two stage (or multistage) estimator. The first stage is a Kalman filter initialized with one set of initial conditions and process noise intensity. The residuals or innovations of this estimator become the measurements for the second stage Kalman filter estimator which has different initial conditions and process noise intensity. The interconnections between this estimator structure and the more familiar one stage optimal Kalman filter are discussed. Applications to decentralized estimation, bias estimation, and parameter identification are described.
Nephelometric determination of pancreatic enzymes. II. Lipase.

Abstract A nephelometric method for the determination of serum lipase is described. A quantitative result is obtained in 2 to 4 min by continuously measuring the decrease in light scattering by an olive oil emulsion. The reaction follows zero order kinetics and enzyme activity is calculated from the slope of the line traced by a chart recorder. Secondary enzyme standards are not required. Formazin is used to calibrate the response of the nephelometer and a reproducible, stable olive oil emulsion is used as the substrate. The method correlates with and is a more sensitive indicator of pancreatitis than the Cherry-Crandall method.
Data Archivists: The Intermediaries the Census Bureau Forgot. A Review Essay of "The Role of Intermediaries in the Interpretation and Dissemination of Census Data Now and in the Future.".

Abstract “ The Role of Intermediaries in the Interpretation and Dissemination of Census Data Now and in the Future” is a Census Bureau report written by Sandra Rowland of the Bureau's “21st Century” staff. The report was written to describe the importance of intermediaries in providing census data to the general public and to specialized researchers. Intermediaries are recognized for their part in linking census information and users. Each of the intermediaries (Government Printing Office, Federal Depository Libraries, State Data Centers, and private vendors) is described as a distributor of census information. The report also suggests the future role each intermediary is expected to play given changes in technology and development of electronic format information. This article reviews the report and suggests that the role of the intermediary has been oversimplified and that scenarios presented for handling electronic information discourage cooperation among information disseminating agencies. This article also discusses the role of a Data Archive as an intermediary.
Abstract S3-06: Mutational analysis of CALGB 40601 (Alliance), a neoadjuvant phase III trial of weekly paclitaxel (T) and trastuzumab (H) with or without lapatinib (L) for HER2-positive breast cancer

Background: In CALGB 40601, the HER2-Enriched (HER2-E) molecular subtype had significantly higher pathologic complete response (pCR) rates regardless of treatment arm (single HER2-targeting with T+L or T+H, dual targeting with T+H+L) (Carey et al, ASCO 2014). A TP53 mutation gene expression signature was significant in a multivariable analysis as were treatment, molecular subtype, proliferation, and an immune cell genomic signature. Mutational analysis is now available for this sample set. Methods: 265 of 305 enrolled patients (pts) had RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of pre-treatment biospecimens; 181/265 had whole exome sequencing (WES) available from tumor and matched normal blood. Somatic mutations were detected by the program UNCeqR, which integrates WES and RNAseq. We examined the association of mutations with in-breast pCR, molecular subtypes, and gene expression signatures. Results: In this subset, there were 57 HER2-E, 58 Luminal A, 51 Luminal B, 9 Basal-like, 4 Normal-like, and 2 Claudin-low. The pCR rate was 45% (51% THL, 47% TH and 34% TL), consistent with the entire study population. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene (56%); frequency varied by molecular subtype (Fisher p Conclusions: TP53 mutation is a frequent, clinically important event in HER2-positive disease and predicts pCR to chemotherapy plus HER2-targeting. Frequency and type of mutation was dependent on molecular subtype within this clinically HER2-positive cohort. Ongoing analyses are comparing WES data between pre- and post-treatment samples as well as investigating copy number and clonality. This research is supported in part by funds from GlaxoSmithKline and grants from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Citation Format: Katherine A Hoadley, William T Barry, Brandelyn N Pitcher, Joel S Parker, Matthew D Wilkerson, William Irvin Jr, Norah Lynn Henry, Sara M Tolaney, Chau Dang, Ian E Krop, Donald A Berry, Elaine R Mardis, Charles M Perou, Eric P Winer, Clifford A Hudis, Lisa A Carey. Mutational analysis of CALGB 40601 (Alliance), a neoadjuvant phase III trial of weekly paclitaxel (T) and trastuzumab (H) with or without lapatinib (L) for HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr S3-06.
Activity-Based Semantic Mapping of an Urban Environment

We address the problem of semantic mapping using mobile robots. We focus on the problem of mapping activity as a precursor to automatically classifying, modeling and ultimately understanding the usage of space in a typical urban outdoor environment. We propose and compare two methods for activity mapping - one based on hidden Markov models and the other based on support vector machines. Both approaches estimate high level properties of space based on low level sensor data using supervised learning to associate features to desired classification patterns.
Lipopolysaccharides from Distinct Pathogens Induce Different Classes of Immune Responses In Vivo

The adaptive immune system has evolved distinct responses against different pathogens, but the mechanism(s) by which a particular response is initiated is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the type of Ag-specific CD4+ Th and CD8+ T cell responses elicited in vivo, in response to soluble OVA, coinjected with LPS from two different pathogens. We used Escherichia coli LPS, which signals through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and LPS from the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, which does not appear to require TLR4 for signaling. Coinjections of E. coli LPS + OVA or P. gingivalis LPS + OVA induced similar clonal expansions of OVA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but strikingly different cytokine profiles. E. coli LPS induced a Th1-like response with abundant IFN-γ, but little or no IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5. In contrast, P. gingivalis LPS induced Th and T cell responses characterized by significant levels of IL-13, IL-5, and IL-10, but lower levels of IFN-γ. Consistent with these results, E. coli LPS induced IL-12(p70) in the CD8α+ dendritic cell (DC) subset, while P. gingivalis LPS did not. Both LPS, however, activated the two DC subsets to up-regulate costimulatory molecules and produce IL-6 and TNF-α. Interestingly, these LPS appeared to have differences in their ability to signal through TLR4; proliferation of splenocytes and cytokine secretion by splenocytes or DCs from TLR4-deficient C3H/HeJ mice were greatly impaired in response to E. coli LPS, but not P. gingivalis LPS. Therefore, LPS from different bacteria activate DC subsets to produce different cytokines, and induce distinct types of adaptive immunity in vivo.
Older Unemployed Women and Job Search Activity:: The Role of Social Support

Thirty unemployed female workers over the age of fifty were interviewed in order to examine the relationship between the quality of social support provided by family and friends for their job search efforts and their job search intensity. The fmdings indicate that receiving positive social support for job search activities was significantly related to job search intensity. In addition, these workers perceived the supportive messages provided by unemployed friends as more positive than the support messages provided by employed and retired family or friends. Implications of these fmdings for assessing the presence of positive social supports and for developing successful job search assistance programs for older unemployed women are discussed.
Dependence of Tritium Release from Stainless Steel on Temperature and Water Vapor

The impact of water vapor and temperature on the release of tritium from stainless steel was studied. Degreased stainless steel samples loaded with tritium at room temperature following a 24-h dega...
Intraoperative blood loss and gestational age at pregnancy termination.

Objective: To establish the relationship of measured intraoperative blood loss to gestational age at pregnancy termination, and to determine which factors, if any, affect the risk of bleeding.Methods: A single-operator series of 363 consecutive women undergoing pregnancy termination between 5 and 24 weeks gestational age, as dated by ultrasound, was prospectively evaluated. All pregnancies under 13 weeks gestation were terminated by mechanical dilation and suction curettage without preoperative cervical ripening. All pregnancies between 13 and 24 weeks gestation were terminated by preoperative osmotic cervical dilation with laminaria tents and subsequent uterine evacuation by a combination of suction curettage, sharp curettage, and Bierer forceps extraction. All patients over 12 weeks gestation received a postoperative oxytocin infusion. Whenever possible, amniotic fluid and blood were collected and measured separately. Patients were excluded from the data analysis for pregnancy demise, PPROM, Potter's syndrome, or inability to separate blood establish their relationship. After adjustment for gestational age, the results were analyzed to determine if blood loss was related to maternal age, smoking history, body habitus, or operative indication.Results: A curvilinear relationship between blood loss and gestational age was observed. Mean blood loss at 24 weeks exceeded 800 mL. After adjustment for gestational age, no factors significantly affected blood loss at dilation and aspiration of first trimester pregnancies. In those patients undergoing dilation and evacuation in the second trimester, both simple and stepwise regression analyses showed obesity (BMI >/=32.3) to be significantly associated with increased blood loss (P <.05). Neither age, parity, previous cesarean section, nor smoking history were significantly associated with increased blood loss at dilation and evacuation.Conclusions: With advancing gestational age, intraoperative blood loss increases in curvilinear fashion. Termination providers should be advised that, although blood loss is unaffected by many factors, obese patients are at risk for increased bleeding at dilation and evacuation of pregnancies beyond 12 weeks gestation.
CD4 cell response to interval therapy with natalizumab

Natalizumab treatment alters peripheral CD4 cells counts in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, providing a way to monitor the pharmacodynamic effects of the drug. The study was undertaken to assess whether CD4 cell counts correlate with different phases of natalizumab treatment of relapsing MS patients, including during a 12-week planned treatment interruption, and whether that might provide insights on lymphocyte trafficking. Clinical outcomes, MRI data, and CD4 cell counts were assessed at baseline prior to initiating natalizumab, while on regular dosing, at the end of the 12-week extended dosing interval, and at the time of reinitiation of natalizumab. The 12-week interruption was well tolerated and not associated with return of MS activity, disability progression, or new or worsened MRI data. Observed significant shifts in CD4 counts – dramatically increasing from the baseline while on treatment and decreasing back to the baseline level off treatment, then rising in a similar manner on natalizumab reinitiation, suggest that these measurements may aid in monitoring modulation of lymphocyte trafficking and cell redistribution.
High speed fracture in brittle materials: Supersonic crack propagation

Abstract Microcircuit resistance grids were deposited on the surface of glass and glass-ceramic single edge notched beam (SENB) specimens. The individual strips were as small as ~ 10 μm in width. The specimens were broken in bending and the signal from the grids was captured using a waveform recorder. It was observed that the crack began to propagate with a nonzero initial velocity provided the initial notch was blunt. With continued crack propagation, the crack velocity decreased. In specimens with sharp notches, the crack began propagating with a near zero velocity and the velocity increased with increasing crack length. In some glass specimens with blunt notches, the initial crack velocity was found to be considerably greater than the sound velocity thereby showing that supersonic crack propagation can occur.
CP-101,606, an NR2B subunit selective NMDA receptor antagonist, inhibits NMDA and injury induced c-fos expression and cortical spreading depression in rodents.

(1S,2S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidino)-1-propanol (CP-101,606) is a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors containing the NR2B subunit. This compound was used to investigate the role of NR2B containing receptors in three responses to NMDA receptor activation in vivo. In mouse, CP-101,606 completely inhibited increases in fos-like immunoreactivity in dentate gyrus caused by a subconvulsant intraperitoneal dose of NMDA. In rat, the compound completely blocked cortical c-fos mRNA induction following focal injury in parietal cortex and the initiation and propagation of electrically induced cortical spreading depression. Inhibition of these responses by CP-101,606 indicates that c-fos induction and cortical spreading depression are dependent on activation of NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit. Since NMDA receptor dependent c-fos induction and cortical spreading depression may contribute to neuron loss after focal CNS injury, inhibition of these responses by CP-101,606 may contribute to the neuroprotective efficacy of the compound.
Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth Responses of Green Buttonwood and Swingle Citrumelo to Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larval Feeding and Flooding

ABSTRACT Effects of flooding and herbivory by Diaprepes abbreviatus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae on leaf gas exchange [net CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (E), and stomatal conductance (gs)] and growth of green buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) and Swingle citrumelo [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus paradisi Macf.] trees were tested. Growth and survival of the larvae were also examined. For each plant species, there were 2 larval infestation treatments (infested and non-infested) and 2 flooding treatments (flooded and nonflooded). Beginning 6 d after larval infestation, plants were flooded in three 1-wk cycles each with 2 d of flooding followed by 5 d of non-flooding. For green buttonwood, E was higher for non-flooded than flooded plants on the third of 5 measurement dates and A and gs were higher for non-flooded than flooded plants on the fifth (final) measurement date. For Swingle citrumelo, E and gs were higher for non-infested than infested plants on the fifth (final) measurement d...
Mixing in Viscous Polymer Reactors

Abstract Mixing is a common, but poorly understood, operation in the chemical industry. In the case of polymers, high viscosity and non-Newtonian rheology add to the complexity of designing and selecting an optimal agitator. Furthermore, the polymerization can be carried out in a single phase (as in the solution or bulk polymerization of styrene) or in multiple phases (as in the emulsion or suspension processes for PVC). Since the mixing problems are differ-ent in each type of polymerization process, the agitator requirements will be different, too.
Combinatorial batch codes and transversal matroids

Combinatorial batch codes were defined by Paterson, Stinson, and Wei as purely combinatorial versions of the batch codes introduced by Ishai, Kushilevitz, Ostrovsky, and Sahai. There are $n$ items and $m$ servers each of which stores a subset of the items. It is required that, for prescribed integers $k$ and $t$, any $k$ items can be retrieved by reading at most $t$ items from each server. Only the case $t=1$ is considered here. An optimal combinatorial batch code is one in which the total storage required is a minimum. We establish an important connection between combinatorial batch codes and transversal matroids, and exploit this connection to characterize optimal combinatorial batch codes if $n=m+1$ and $n=m+2$.
CDK7 Regulates the Mitochondrial Localization of a Tail-Anchored Proapoptotic Protein, Hid

The mitochondrial outer membrane is a major site of apoptosis regulation across phyla. Human and C. elegans Bcl-2 family proteins and Drosophila Hid require the C-terminal tail-anchored (TA) sequence in order to insert into the mitochondrial membrane, but it remains unclear whether cytosolic proteins actively regulate the mitochondrial localization of these proteins. Here, we report that the cdk7 complex regulates the mitochondrial localization of Hid and its ability to induce apoptosis. We identified cdk7 through an in vivo RNAi screen of genes required for cell death. Although CDK7 is best known for its role in transcription and cell-cycle progression, a hypomorphic cdk7 mutant suppressed apoptosis without impairing these other known functions. In this cdk7 mutant background, Hid failed to localize to the mitochondria and failed to bind to recombinant inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs). These findings indicate that apoptosis is promoted by a newly identified function of CDK7, which couples the mitochondrial localization and IAP binding of Hid.
Dynamical symmetry breaking and the renormalization group

Renormalization-group techniques are applied to determine under what conditions massless field theories can dynamically generate a mass. The conjecture that infrared-stable field theories cannot generate a mass is verified, and necessary conditions for mass generation at nontrivial fixed points are derived. The Schwinger model in n dimensions is studied, and it is shown that dynamical symmetry breaking is very likely unique to n = 2, for the Abelian theory. These techniques are used to examine the possible dynamical nature of lepton masses, and several previously studied models exhibiting dynamical symmetry breaking are reexamined using renormalization-group methods. (AIP)
Association of pain relief with drug side effects in postherpetic neuralgia: A single‐dose study of clonidine, codeine, ibuprofen, and placebo

In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 40 patients with postherpetic neuralgia were given single oral doses of clonidine, 0.2 mg, codeine, 120 mg, ibuprofen, 800 mg, or inert placebo. Pain relief and side effects were recorded for 6 hours. Patients reported significantly more relief after clonidine than after the other three treatments. Codeine and ibuprofen were ineffective. Sedation, dizziness, and other side effects were more frequent after clonidine (74%) or codeine (69%) than after placebo (36%) or ibuprofen (28%). Reported pain relief was greater during trials in which side effects were present. A single, mild side effect was associated with as much additional pain relief as multiple, severe side effects. Clonidine's superiority to codeine, which had a similar incidence of side effects, argues for a specific analgesic effect. In addition, side effects may have contributed to clonidine analgesia, perhaps by suggesting to patients that they had received a potent drug. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1988) 43, 363–371; doi:10.1038/clpt.1988.44
Different peripheral mechanisms mediate enhanced nociception in metabolic/toxic and traumatic painful peripheral neuropathies in the rat

Abstract Mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain states are poorly understood. We have compared mechanisms mediating enhanced nociception of four established models of neuropathic pain produced by very different types of insults to the peripheral nervous system: streptozotocin-induced hyperalgesia, a model of diabetic (metabolic) peripheral neuropathy, vincristine-induced hyperalgesia, a model of chemotherapeutic agent (toxic) peripheral neuropathy, and chronic constriction injury and partial nerve ligation, models of trauma-induced painful neuropathies. All four models resulted in prolonged mechanical hyperalgesia (>30% decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold) and allodynia (detected by 10–209-mN-intensity von Frey hairs). In vincristine- and streptozotocin-induced hyperalgesia, the protein kinase A, protein kinase C and nitric oxide second messenger pathways in the periphery contributed to the hyperalgesia, while N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated events were not detected. None of these second messengers nor the NMDA receptor, which can contribute to peripheral sensitization of nociceptors, contributed to chronic constriction injury- and partial nerve ligation-induced hyperalgesia. In all four models the hyperalgesia was not antagonized by peripheral administration of a μ-opioid agonist. Our findings support the presence of a common abnormality in second messenger signaling in the periphery to the maintenance of two very different models of non-traumatic neuropathic pain, not shared by models of trauma-induced neuropathic pain.