cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heparin decreases the degradation rate of hepatic lipase in Fu5AH rat hepatoma cells. A model for hepatic lipase efflux from hepatocytes

The mechanism for the stimulation of hepatic lipase secretion by heparin was studied in cultured Fu5AH rat hepatoma cells. Quantitative immunoprecipitation followed by electrophoresis and fluorography were used to isolate and quantitate the radioactive enzyme; hepatic lipase protein mass was quantitated by ELISA. Addition of heparin to the medium resulted in a 2-fold increase in lipase secretion rate, whereas cell-surface-associated and intracellular lipase decreased by 76 and 20%, respectively. Rates of synthesis of hepatic lipase measured by incorporation of Trans 35S-label into enzyme protein were not different in control or heparin-treated dishes. In pulse-chase studies, it was estimated that the degradation rate constants for control and heparin-treated cultures were 0.51 +/- 0.09 and 0.14 +/- 0.13 h-1 for control and heparin-treated cultures, respectively. 52% of the synthesized enzyme was degraded in control cultures; addition of heparin to the culture medium reduced this figure to 11% of the synthetic rate. Equilibrium binding data of highly purified 125I-hepatic lipase to Fu5AH cells at 4 degrees C demonstrate the presence of a class of high-affinity binding sites. At 37 degrees C, cell-surface-bound 125I-hepatic lipase is internalized and either degraded or recycled to the medium. The half-intracellular residence times of hepatic lipase were 55 and 31 min in control and heparin-treated cultures, respectively. Radioactivity incorporated in the 55.4 kDa high-mannose-containing lipase and the mature 57.6 kDa species was measured as a means of locating the enzyme in the secretory pathway before or beyond the medial Golgi. The disappearance of the 55.4 kDa species from the cell is similar in control and heparin-treated cultures with half-intracellular residence times of 29 and 25 min, respectively. In contrast, the amount of radiolabeled 57.6 kDa species in control cells remained constant from 15 min to 2 h, whereas it decreased by 79% in heparin-treated cells. The above data demonstrate that the increase in hepatic lipase secretion is due to a decreased degradation rate with no change in synthetic rate and that heparin primarily affected the residence time of hepatic lipase in the medial Golgi-plasma membrane region.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CLAYS AND CLAY-GROG BODIES

Determinations of shrinkage, absorption, and transverse strength were made on a series of clays and clay-grog bodies fired together. Highly porous grog bodies are obtained with tight burning clays when the latter possess high shrinkage. This is due to the formation of crevices between the clay and grog particles, and to produce a tight grog body the clay must be of low shrinkage and low porosity.
Race E, Sixth Race of the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor, Discovered in Georgia Wheat Fields

Previous research has revealed considerable variation in the ability of Hessian flies, Mayetiola destructor (Say), to infest wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and 5 races are presently recognized and designated: the Great Plains race (Painter et al. 1931); and Races A, B, C, and D (Gallun et al. 1961). All five differ in their ability to infest wheat cultivars having different genes for resistance. Hatchett and Gallun (1968) reported the frequencies of races in some specific wheat-growing areas and discussed the effect of resistant wheat cultivars in changing these frequencies.
Experimental determination of depth-scaling factors and central axis depth dose for clinical electron beams

Depth-scaling factors ρeff for clear polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) phantoms have been determined experimentally as a function of nominal electron-beam energy in the range 6 to 22 MeV. Values of ρeff have been calculated from the ratio ρeff = R / R, where R and R are the measured depths of 50% ionization in electron solid water and plastic (clear polystyrene and PMMA) phantoms, respectively. Measurements were made using an Attix chamber in an electron solid water phantom, a Holt chamber in a clear polystyrene phantom, and a Markus chamber in a PMMA phantom. The average value of measured ρ was found to be 0.999 ± 0.009. This is higher than the value of 0.975 recommended by Task Group 25 (TG-25) of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) by 2.5%. Depending on energy, the maximum differences between the AAPM TG-25-recommended and the measured values lie in the range 1% to 3.5%. Similarly, the average value of measured ρ was found to be 1.168 ± 0.023. This is higher than the AAPM TG-25-recommended value of 1.115, by 5%. Depending on energy, the maximum differences between the AAPM TG-25-recommended and the measured values lie in the range 3% to 8%. Central axis depth dose curves in water were generated for 6, 15, and 20 MeV electron beams from measured depth-ionization data in PMMA and clear polystyrene phantoms following the recommendations of the AAPM TG-25 report and using both TG-25-recommended and experimentally determined values of depth-scaling factors ρeff. For both phantoms, either the TG-25-recommended value or the experimentally determined values of ρeff yielded agreement to within about 2 mm among all depth doses in water at the depths of clinical relevance. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
G-CSF receptor mutations mix it up

Comment on Druhan et al, page [584][1] An acquired granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) mutation in severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) severely truncating the carboxyl terminus of the G-CSF receptor may not only explain atypical refractoriness to G-CSF treatment but upsets
K- d interactions at 4.9 gev/c

Abstract We present results from a 5.4 events/μb 4.93 GeV/c exposure in the Brookhaven National Laboratory 80 inch bubble chamber. Total and differential cross sections are given for the final states: λπ−, Σoπ−, λπ−πo, λπ−MM, K o π − n , K o π − MM , K−π−p, K o π − π d o , −Kπ+π−d and λπ − K o o K (where MM represents missing neutrals). Emphasis is placed on analysis of peripherally produced quasi two-body intermediate states. The channels K o π − n and λπ−πo have been compared with a Generalized Veneziano Model calculation.
A Novel Phenylene Topology: Total Syntheses of Zigzag [4]- and [5]Phenylene.

In agreement with theory, the title compounds 1 and 2, which were prepared by CpCo-catalyzed cycloisomerizations of appropriate oligoalkynylbenzenes, display physical properties that are in contrast with those of the corresponding linear isomers, but that are very similar to those of the angular topomers.
Kenneth Burke's cluster‐agon method: Its development and an application

Kenneth Burke's method of agon and cluster analysis is developed‐and amplified. The method is then applied to the speeches of President John F. Kennedy to illustrate its usability. Burke's method offers the rhetorical critic a way of obtaining a more objective picture of a given speaker's rhetoric.
IMPLICATIONS OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL LITIGATION FOR PERSONNEL ECISIONS

Eight prescriptions for performance appraisal systems are considered in the context of case law at the Federal Supreme and Appeals Court level. Numerous cases are cited involving organizations that have violated one or more of the prescriptions. Implications for personnel decision making are discussed.
Surgical Treatment for Epilepsy in Cerebral Tuberous Sclerosis

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant hamartiosis and hamartomatosis with variable expression that is commonly associated with medically intractable seizures. Patients with TS complex (TSC) frequently have multiple brain lesions that can give rise to seizure activity. We report 9 patients with TSC who underwent epilepsy surgery at the Mayo Clinic between 1986 and 1990. Surgical procedures performed included cortical resection (n = 2) and stereotaxic lesionectomy (n = 7). Neuropathologic diagnoses were cortical tubers (n = 7) and glioneural hamartomas (n = 2). Three of 9 patients had multifocal interictal scalp epileptiform EEG activity; however, ictal recordings identified the focus of seizure activity, which in all cases corresponded to a prominent neuroimaging abnormality. Our patients have been followed for 10-72 months (mean 35 months). Four patients are seizure-free with medication, 2 are seizure-free without medication, 2 had > 80% reduction in seizure frequency, and 1 experienced only an initial temporary reduction in seizure frequency. Postoperative EEG recordings showed absence of epileptiform abnormalities in the 5 patients who are seizure-free; the other 4 patients continue to have multifocal abnormalities. These data suggest that epilepsy surgery may be beneficial in selected patients with TSC despite multifocal EEG and neuroimaging abnormalities.
Advances in Research on Phytophthora capsici on Vegetable Crops in The United States

Abstract Since L. H. Leonian's first description of Phytophthora capsici as a pathogen of chile pepper in 1922, we have made many advances in our understanding of this pathogen's biology, host range, dissemination, and management. P. capsici causes foliar blighting, damping-off, wilting, and root, stem, and fruit rot of susceptible hosts, and economic losses are experienced annually in vegetable crops including cucurbits and peppers. Symptoms of P. capsici infection may manifest as stunting, girdling, or cankers for some cultivars or crops that are less susceptible. P. capsici continues to be a constraint on production, and implementation of an aggressive integrated management scheme can still result in insufficient control when weather is favorable for disease. Management of diseases caused by P. capsici is currently limited by the long-term survival of the pathogen as oospores in the soil, a wide host range, long-distance movement of the pathogen in surface water used for irrigation, the presence of fun...
Integrated statistical and pathway approach to next-generation sequencing analysis: a family-based study of hypertension.

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been used to search for associations between genetic variants and a phenotypic trait of interest. New technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, hold the potential to revolutionize GWAS. However, millions of polymorphisms are identified with next-generation sequencing technology. Consequently, researchers must be careful when performing such a large number of statistical tests, and corrections are typically made to account for multiple testing. Additionally, for typical GWAS, the p value cutoff is set quite low (approximately <10−8). As a result of this p value stringency, it is likely that there are many true associations that do not meet this threshold. To account for this we have incorporated a priori biological knowledge to help identify true associations that may not have reached statistical significance. We propose the application of a pipelined series of statistical and bioinformatic methods, to enable the assessment of the association of genetic polymorphisms with a disease phenotype--here, hypertension--as well as the identification of statistically significant pathways of genes that may play a role in the disease process.
Neurotrophin-mediated neuroprotection of hippocampal neurons following traumatic brain injury is not associated with acute recovery of hippocampal function

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes selective hippocampal cell death which is believed to be associated with the cognitive impairment observed in both clinical and experimental settings. The endogenous neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), a TrkB ligand, has been shown to be neuroprotective for vulnerable CA3 pyramidal neurons after experimental brain injury. In this study, infusion of recombinant NT-4/5 increased survival of CA2/3 pyramidal neurons to 71% after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in rats, compared with 55% in vehicle-treated controls. The functional outcome of this NT-4/5-mediated neuroprotection was examined using three hippocampal-dependent behavioral tests. Injury-induced impairment was evident in all three tests, but interestingly, there was no treatment-related improvement in any of these measures. Similarly, injury-induced decreased excitability in the Schaffer collaterals was not affected by NT-4/5 treatment. We propose that a deeper understanding of the factors that link neuronal survival to recovery of function will be important for future studies of potentially therapeutic agents.
Preliminary Evaluation of Hybrid Titanium Composite Laminates

In this study, the mechanical response of hybrid titanium composite laminates (HTCL) was evaluated at room and elevated temperatures. Also, the use of an elastic-plastic laminate analysis program for predicting the tensile response from constituent properties was verified. The improvement in mechanical properties achieved by the laminates was assessed by comparing the results of static strength and constant amplitude fatigue tests to those for monolithic titanium sheet. Two HTCL were fabricated with different fiber volume fractions, resin layer thicknesses, and resins. One panel was thicker and was more poorly bonded in comparison to other. Consequently, the former had a lower tensile strength, while fewer cracks grew in this panel and at a slower rate. Both panels showed an improvement in fatigue life of almost two orders of magnitude. The model predictions were also in good agreement with the experimental results for both HTCL panels.
Strategies for Improving Information Management in Emergency Medicine to Meet Clinical, Research, and Administrative Needs☆☆☆★

Abstract The emergency department of the future will require the effective integration of information technologies into clinical care. This article proposes strategies for improving information management in emergency medicine to facilitate patient care, public health surveillance, clinical research, medical education, and health care management. [Cordell WH, Overhage JM, Waeckerle JF, for the Information Management Work Group: Strategies for improving information management in emergency medicine to meet clinical, research, and administrative needs. Ann Emerg Med February 1998;31:172-178.]
Differential permeability of murine visceral yolk sac to thymidine and to hydroxyurea.

Abstract Mouse embryos at the 10–12-somite stage of development were excised from the uterus either with or without the encapsulating visceral yolk sac and were incubated in vitro in 3 × 10 −7 M thymidine (methyl-T, 5 μCi/ml) for 30 min or in 4 × 10 −3 M hydroxyurea for 45 min with [ 3 H]thymidine present for the last 30 min. Radioautograms of nuclei of neural epithelium enabled an estimate of the effectiveness of the barrier imposed by the visceral yolk sac membrane to the passage of thymidine and hydroxyurea. Labeling of nuclei in the neural epithelium showed that the visceral yolk sac caused a 44% decrease in frequency and a 51% decrease in intensity of label. Hydroxyurea inhibited labeling by 15% in frequency and 37% in intensity irrespective of the presence or absence of visceral yolk sac. These results show that hydroxyurea and the presence of visceral yolk sac independently interfered with labeling of the neural epithelium by thymidine and that visceral yolk sac caused a proportionally greater retardation of label than did hydroxyurea. Nuclei of the endodermal epithelium of the intervening yolk sac, following exposure to hydroxyurea, showed a labeling decrease of 44% in frequency and 77% in intensity. The inhibitory effect of hydroxyurea on yolk sac labeling, however, did not alter yolk sac permeability to hydroxyurea. The results indicate that the visceral yolk sac, by offering no detectable barrier to hydroxyurea, permits prompt teratogenic action of hydroxyurea directly upon the embryo and suggest that the visceral yolk sac is a likely candidate to account for reports that the 8.5-day mouse embryo in situ fails to label with radioisotopic thymidine.
Variation in Mouse Basolateral Amygdala Volume is Associated With Differences in Stress Reactivity and Fear Learning

A wealth of research identifies the amygdala as a key brain region mediating negative affect, and implicates amygdala dysfunction in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. Although there is a strong genetic component to anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) there remains debate about whether abnormalities in amygdala function predispose to these disorders. In the present study, groups of C57BL/6 x DBA/2 (B x D) recombinant inbred strains of mice were selected for differences in volume of the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA). Strains with relatively small, medium, or large BLA volumes were compared for Pavlovian fear learning and memory, anxiety-related behaviors, depression-related behavior, and glucocorticoid responses to stress. Strains with relatively small BLA exhibited stronger conditioned fear responses to both auditory tone and contextual stimuli, as compared to groups with larger BLA. The small BLA group also showed significantly greater corticosterone responses to stress than the larger BLA groups. BLA volume did not predict clear differences in measures of anxiety-like behavior or depression-related behavior, other than greater locomotor inhibition to novelty in strains with smaller BLA. Neither striatal, hippocampal nor cerebellar volumes correlated significantly with any behavioral measure. The present data demonstrate a phenotype of enhanced fear conditioning and exaggerated glucocorticoid responses to stress associated with small BLA volume. This profile is reminiscent of the increased fear processing and stress reactivity that is associated with amygdala excitability and reduced amygdala volume in humans carrying loss of function polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter and monoamine oxidase A genes. Our study provides a unique example of how natural variation in amygdala volume associates with specific fear- and stress-related phenotypes in rodents, and further supports the role of amygdala dysfunction in anxiety disorders such as PTSD.
Scuffing tendencies of different metals against copper under non-lubricated conditions

Abstract Metallic components in sliding contact are sometimes subjected to high-loads with little or no lubrication. Such starved conditions can lead to a phenomenon called scuffing. Various definitions exist for this term, but in the present case, three criteria were used to signal its onset: changes in friction, vibrations, and noise, coupled with surface examination. On this basis, scuffing initiation was determined for seven technically pure metals (Al, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, W, Cu) and stainless steel, all rubbing against Cu. A flat-ended pin-on-disk test configuration was used with normal loads of 1–3 N, and with step-wise increases in sliding speed from 0.16 to 2.56 m/s. Al was only weakly resistant to scuffing, presumably due to its solubility in Cu, its high ductility and its relatively low elastic modulus. Niobium provided satisfactory sliding behavior at low speeds and loads, presumably due to protective oxides; however, it scuffed at higher loads when the oxide broke through. Stainless steel, Mo, and Ta had higher friction coefficients than Al and Nb, presumably because the relatively high strengths of the former prevented severe wear even when their oxide films failed. Like Al, Ti scuffs on Cu, probably because of its high relative solubility; however, Ti's higher elastic modulus resists the more severe forms of surface damage than does Al. Of all the materials slid against Cu, W displayed the least scuffing, even under maximum speed and load. Tungsten's negligible solubility in Cu may have reduced its adhesion, and W's high elastic modulus resisted shear-deformation, even at high frictional heating. Self-mated Cu couple scuffed when the speed was increased. The oxides on the Cu surface serve as solid lubricant avoiding scuffing at lower speeds.
A New Characterization and Estimation of the Zero-bias Bandwidth

It is well established that bandwidths exist that can yield an unbiased non–parametric kernel density estimate at points in particular regions (e.g. convex regions) of the underlying density. These zero–bias bandwidths have superior theoretical properties, including a 1/n convergence rate of the mean squared error. However, the explicit functional form of the zero–bias bandwidth has remained elusive. It is difficult to estimate these bandwidths and virtually impossible to achieve the higher–order rate in practice. This paper addresses these issues by taking a fundamentally different approach to the asymptotics of the kernel density estimator to derive a functional approximation to the zero–bias bandwidth. It develops a simple approximation algorithm that focuses on estimating these zero–bias bandwidths in the tails of densities where the convexity conditions favourable to the existence of the zerobias bandwidths are more natural. The estimated bandwidths yield density estimates with mean squared error that is O(n–4/5), the same rate as the mean squared error of density estimates with other choices of local bandwidths. Simulation studies and an illustrative example with air pollution data show that these estimated zero–bias bandwidths outperform other global and local bandwidth estimators in estimating points in the tails of densities.
Habits of Ants

MY attention was lately called by a friend to the operations of a party of ants. The theatre of their work was a cherry-tree partly decayed in the centre. From this portion of the tree the busy creatures were bringing forth small grains of sawdust-like debris. These particles were conveyed to the prominence left by an amputated branch, and thrown over to the ground, a distance of about five feet. The particles were passed on from one ant to another—as water-buckets were at old-time fires. Nor was this all, for on the ground below, another party removed the accumulated material. In this connection the reader should consult a remarkable note on page 21 of Kerner's “Flowers and their Unbidden Guests” to further illustrate the intelligence of ants and their recognition of the principle of division of labour. I am unable to state the species of ant I observed, as I am not an entomologist. It was a rather large red ant.
Holonomy and the Lie algebra of infinitesimal motions of a Riemannian manifold

Let M be a differentiable manifold of class C ?. All tensor fields discussed below are assumed to be of class C ?. Let X be a vector field on M. If X vanishes at a point 0 ? M then X induces, in a natural way, an endomorphism a X of the tangent space V o at 0. In fact if y ? V 0 and Y is any vector field whose value at 0 is y, then define a x y = [X, Y] 0 . It is not hard to see that [X, Y] 0 does not depend on Y so long as the value of Y at 0 is y.
Williston in the Family of Cratonic Basins: ABSTRACT

The Williston basin is one of a clan of subcircular to elliptical elements in the interiors of all cratons; such basins are distinguished by characteristics common to all. In each, the basement consists of continental crust and each basin is surrounded by areas of continental crust. Subsidence rates are typically low, so that conditions near depositional base level prevailed during much of the history of sediment accumulation. Episodic subsidence occurred over time spans of 107-108 years; major episodes of subsidence are broadly concurrent on all cratons. Tectonic tempo and mode of subsidence evolved synchronously on all cratons; therefore, similar isopach and facies patterns (and similar oil or gas maturation, migration, and trap potentials) occur o all cratons. All members of the clan exhibit a range of individual variations imposed by latitude and climate. Intraplate tectonism and volcanism, approach to or distance from source areas, and distribution paths of detrital sediment. Nevertheless, facts and concepts developed by intensive study of basins with high-density documentation (outcrop and subsurface) are commonly applicable to basins such as the Williston, which is in a less mature stage of exploration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 867------------
The relative efficiency of private and public transfers

This paper develops a model for comparing the relative efficiency of private versus public financing of transfers. A distinctive feature of the analysis is explicit recognition of important weaknesses and strengths of each form of financing a collective consumption good. Our results show that the preferred financing method is ultimately an empirical issue, with the answer depending critically on donor motives and the government's ability to correctly ascertain donors' tastes.
Variations in Velopharyngeal Structures Between Upright and Supine Positions Using Upright Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective: No studies have used MRI to compare the dimensional changes of the velopharyngeal musculature between upright and supine positions. The purpose of this study is to provide a comparison between structures of the velopharyngeal mechanism while in the supine and upright positions during rest and sustained speech productions of four female subjects. Methods: Four healthy white female subjects between 30 and 36 years of age (mean, 32.5 ± 1.75 years) were imaged using a 0.6-tesla open-type multi-position MRI scanner. Subjects produced two speech tasks (/i/ and /s/) in the two body positions. Results: Velar measures (length, thickness, and height), pharyngeal measures (retrovelar and retrolingual), and levator muscle measures (length and angles of origin) demonstrated a small variation between upright and supine positions. Differences in velar height during production of /i/ between the two positions was significant for all subjects. In most cases, the velar thickness remained nearly the same (group m...
Comprehensive Comparisons Between Evaporation and Pool Boiling on Thin Micro Porous Coated Surfaces

The evaporation and pool boiling on micro porous coated surfaces have been shown to provide among the highest heat transfer rates achievable from any type of surfaces. The heat transfer modes in these surfaces, present a number of interesting similarities and also, some fundamental differences, which are the result of the liquid supply methods to the heated surface. For the evaporation from porous coated surfaces, the liquid return to the heated surface is assisted by the capillary pressure at the liquid-vapor interface; while for pool boiling, gravity is the principal driving force that rewets the surface. In order to better understand the physical phenomena that governs the flow behavior of both the liquid and vapor phases, and the heat transfer process inside the porous media, comprehensive comparisons between these return mechanisms and their respective characteristics, and the performance and the critical heat flux (CHF) for each have been made, based on similar physical situations. These systematic comparisons illustrate that at a lower heat flux, the evaporation and pool boiling curves are almost identical due to the similar heat transfer modes, i.e., convection and nucleate boiling. While with further increases in heat flux, the heat transfer performance of the evaporation on micro porous media is generally superior to pool boiling on an identical surface. This shift is believed to be due to the fact that for evaporation on micro porous media, the heat transfer mode is dominated by the film evaporation, while in pool boiling, it is principally the result of fully developed nucleate boiling. It was also observed that the impact of the effective thermal conductivity of the porous coating on pool boiling performance is larger than for evaporation heat transfer on the identical micro porous coated surfaces. In general, the experimental data indicated that the CHF for evaporation heat transfer is much higher than for pool boiling on the same surfaces. The mechanism of CHF for evaporation on porous coated surfaces is believed to be the capillary limit; while for pool boiling the limit is the result of the hydrodynamic instabilities. This difference in mechanisms is clearly demonstrated by the experimental observations, where initially, the dry out process of the porous coated surfaces during evaporation is gradual, while for pool boiling; the entire surface reaches dry out in a very short time. In addition, the sensitivity of the CHF to the thickness of the porous coatings at a constant volumetric porosity and pore size, as well as the various optimal volumetric porosity of the CHF at a given thickness, are clearly the results of the differences induced by the various CHF mechanisms.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The method of lines for the numerical solution of partial differential equations (abstract)

The numerical solution of time dependent nonlinear partial differential equations is a complicated and nontrivial process. Generally speaking, the solution of slightly different types of partial differential equations has required the development of separate and different computer programs. This situation for partial differential equations is in direct contrast to that for ordinary differential equations. Recently, sophisticated and reliable computer programs for the automatic solution of nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations have become available. The use of the method of lines approach for solving partial differential equations is an attempt to take advantage of these recent significant developments for ordinary differential equations. In this presentation we will compare the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. We will describe how the method of lines approach for solving PDE's allows one to be able to develope very general purpose computer software for solving broad classes of problems. The structure and use of this software will be described. Finally, numerical results obtained with this general purpose software will be presented and discussed.
A Microchannel Plate Based Detector for a Heavy Ion Beam Spectrometer

The design parameters and operating characteristics of the detector used in the Brutus and Fannie heavy ion beam spectrometers at the SuperHILAC facility are described. The detector utilizes a 25 mm diameter microchannel plate array to obtain gains of 102 to 108 with a linear dynamic range of 103. It has had over three years of almost maintenance-free service, detecting ion beams from carbon to xenon with energies between 1.2 and 8.5 MeV per nucleon.
Use of Electronic Communications in a Community Nutrition Course

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify four methods of electronic communication that may be used in classroom instruction. It is essential that future dietitians be able to communicate electronically using the Internet, E-mail, LISTSERV (electronic discussion groups) and on-line databases (such as MEDLINE). The use of electronic communications can be challenging, frustrating, and chaotic yet these methods of communication are beneficial tools for students to use in their pursuit of knowledge. As a requirement of a course in Community Nutrition, students obtain email addresses and communicate with classmates and the instructor via an electronic discussion group. A literature review is performed using MEDLINE and students are required to locate and evaluate two Internet sites. During the first week of the course in the Spring 1997 semester, students assessed their skill in three areas: using E-mail, electronic discussion groups and the Internet. Fourteen students (45%) indicated that they had very little skill using E-mail, 27 (87%) very little skill in using an electronic discussion group and 12 (39%) very little skill in using the Internet. After 7 weeks, all students had obtained E-mail addresses and had joined an electronic discussion group. Students were able to use MEDLINE and the Internet for a class assignment. Incorporating electronic communication into a Community Nutrition course was challenging and sometimes frustrating but ultimately rewarding and beneficial for students.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Photovoltaic Property of Cadmium Sulfide−Polybithiophene Interdigitated Nanohybrid Thin Films

Interdigitated hybrid films consisting of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanorod arrays and interpenetrating polybithiophene have been synthesized by electrochemical depositions. The vertically aligned CdS nanorods were self-assembled on gold-coated glass substrates through a simple cathodic process of an electrolyte solution containing cadmium sulfate and potassium thiocyanate, without the use of any templates. The conjugated polymer polybithiophene was deposited into the nanorod arrays by in situ electrochemical polymerization. The resulting interdigitated nanohybrid films showed dense packing of the polymer in the nanorod arrays with a filling ratio estimated to be 76%. Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared revealed charge-transfer between the polymer and the CdS nanorods, consistent with the high filling ratio and improved polymer−CdS interface. Solar cells based on these hybrid films with vapor-deposited aluminum cathode exhibited a diode characteristic with a rectification ratio of 103 at ± 1 V. ...
Direct measurement of hepatitis B viral antibody and antigen markers in gingival crevicular fluid

Radioimmunoassay analyses of serum are widely performed to monitor the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection. As an alternative to serum analyses, the authors have explored the feasibility of using gingival crevicular fluid for the detection and quantitation of hepatitis B viral immunologic markers. The results of the study demonstrate that the hepatitis B surface antigen can be easily quantified in gingival fluid. Confirmation of the presence of the hepatitis B e antigen can also be made, but this is more difficult because of the small amounts of gingival fluid currently being assayed. Antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen can be quantitated in high-titered persons.
Life cycle assessment of bio-jet fuel from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Abstract Bio-jet fuel is increasingly being produced from feedstocks such as algae and tested in flight. As the industry adopts bio-jet fuels from various feedstocks and conversion processes, life cycle assessment (LCA) is necessary to determine whether these renewable fuels result in lower life cycle greenhouse gas (LC-GHG) emissions than conventional jet fuel. An LCA was performed for a functional unit of 1 GJ of bio-jet fuel produced through thermochemical conversion (hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)) of microalgae cultivated in wastewater effluent. Two pathways were analyzed to compare the impacts of siting HTL at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to those of siting HTL at a refinery. Base cases for each pathway were developed in part using primary data from algae production in wastewater effluent and HTL experiments of this algae at the University of Kansas. The LC-GHG emissions of these cases were compared to those of conventional jet fuel, and a sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo analyses were performed. When algal conversion using HTL was modeled at a refinery versus at the WWTP site, the transportation steps of biomass and waste nutrients were major contributors to the LC-GHG emissions of algal bio-jet fuel. The LC-GHG emissions were lower for the algal bio-jet fuel pathway that performs HTL at a WWTP (35.2 kg CO2eq/GJ for the base case) than for the pathway for HTL at a refinery (86.5 kg CO2eq/GJ for the base case). The LCA results were particularly sensitive to the extent of heat integration, the source of the heat for HTL, and the solids content of dewatered algae. The GHG emissions of algal bio-jet fuel can be reduced by 76% compared to conventional jet fuel with feasible improvements in those sensitive parameters and siting HTL at a WWTP. Therefore, it is critical that transportation logistics, heat integration of biomass conversion processes, and nutrient supply chains be considered as investment and production of bio-jet fuels increase.
Leishmania infantum-chagasi activates SHP-1 and reduces NFAT5/TonEBP activity in the mouse kidney inner medulla

Visceral leishmaniasis patients have been reported to have a urine concentration defect. Concentration of urine by the renal inner medulla is essentially dependent on a transcription factor, NFAT5/...
Comptonia asplenifolia: Low Boiling Components

Room temperature, low pressure vacuum distillation of 920 g. of the fresh leaves from Comptonia asplenifolia Ait. typically yielded 3 mg. of methyl acetate, 1 mg. of ethyl acetate, 2 mg. of diisopropyl acetaldehyde acetal, and 5 mg. of cineol. Methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and diisopropyl acetaldehyde acetal were not previously reported as components of the essential oil and are important contributors to the odor factors of the plant.
Analyzing incomplete biological pathways using network motifs

It is widely accepted that existing knowledge about the structure of many biological pathways is incomplete, and that uncovering missing proteins in a biological pathway can help guide targeted therapy, drug design, and drug discovery. Current approaches address the complex/pathway membership problem through identifying potentially missing proteins using probabilistic protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. In this paper, we extend the idea of the pathway membership problem and define the pathway completion problem. In addition to finding possible protein candidates, this problem requires predicting the locations and connections of these proteins within a given incomplete pathway. We propose the use of network motifs to tackle the pathway completion problem. We present an algorithm which breaks down an incomplete pathway into a set of constituent motifs. The algorithm utilizes the proteins retrieved from a probabilistic PPI network to improve the motifs. Furthermore, our approach has the potential to improve solutions to the membership problem by better exploiting the local structures represented by network motifs. These new ideas are illustrated with a set of preliminary experiments.
Synchronization of nested atomic actions

The concept of atomic actions has been a useful and powerful abstraction in designing concurrent and fault-tolerant systems. Nested atomic actions are used in hierarchically structured systems where an atomic action may itself be composed of other atomic actions. This paper presents a semaphore-based protocol for synchronizing a set of concurrently executing nested atomic actions. The approach followed consists of first designing a protocol for synchronizing non-nested actions, and then extending it to the nested case. The paper also details the difficulties involved in integrating deadlock resolution algorithms into the synchronization protocol. Both deadlock-prevention and deadlock-detection schemes for handling deadlocks are discussed.
Mental models of word meaning

Four experiments compared five alternative mental models of word meaning: a defining-attributes model, two characteristic-attribute models, and two mixed models. The two characteristic-attribute models (and the two mixed models) differed from each other in terms of whether weights of attributes were summed or averaged. In Experiment 1, 11 subjects provided lists of attributes for 24 different nouns. Subjects also rated the necessity, sufficiency, and importance of each attribute to a given word's definition. Results showed that both defining (necessary and sufficient) and characteristic attributes could be identified from subjects' ratings for most nouns, but that the role of defining attributes was especially pronounced for proper names. In Experiment 2, the same subjects later rated the extent to which given lists of attributes successfully described referents of each given word. Mathematical modeling of results supported a mixed model of reference based on defining attributes plus the weighted sum of all attributes (defining and characteristic). Experiment 3 replicated the results of Experiment 1 with 25 new subjects and slightly modified procedures. In Experiment 4, 32 subjects were presented with two alternative attribute lists for each given word, and were to select the better referent of the word as quickly as possible. The preferred mixed model from Experiment 2 was shown best to account for both the mental representation and real-time processing of word meanings.
Glucosamine-labelled envelope proteins of Escherichia coli K-12 I. Electrophoretic studies and partial fractionation of the phenol-soluble proteins

Abstract Hydrophobic envelope proteins were extracted by phenol from a glucosamine- and leucine-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 (E-110). Three protein fractions labelled with D -[1- 1 4 C]glucosamine and L -[4,5- 3 H]leucine were obtained by electrophoretic separation. Envelope were isolated from cells labeleed with D -[1- 1 4 C]glucosamine—HCL and acid hydrolyzed. At least 68% of the radioactivity was recovered as glucosamine and glucose with no random distribution of label. Fingerprinting of pronase digests of glucosamine-labelled proteins showed four radioactive spots associated with peptides. Te glycoproteins were pronase- and trypsin-sensitive and had apparent molecular weights of 11 000 (fast mobility), 35 000 (intermediate mobility) and 62 000 (slow mobility) as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. The two heavier fractions were labelled with meso-diamino[1,7- 1 4 C 2 ]pimelic acid, while ortho[ 3 2 P]phosphate was not incorporated into any fraction. The glucosamine radioactivity of the fast fraction underwent rapid changes upon a chase with non-radioactive glucosamine. Using a Sephadex LH-20 column, the radioactive proteins were separated from the phenol and subsequently fractionated on a DEAS-cellulose column. The DEAE-cellulose fractions were distinct from each other in the number and composition of protein bands, when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. Radioactive bands with intermediate and fast electrophoretic mobilities were found in separate DEAE-cellulose fractions.
Phosphodiesterase 1B differentially modulates the effects of methamphetamine on locomotor activity and spatial learning through DARPP32-dependent pathways: evidence from PDE1B-DARPP32 double-knockout mice

Mice lacking phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B) exhibit an exaggerated locomotor response to D-methamphetamine and increased in vitro phosphorylation of DARPP32 (dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, M r 32 kDa) at Thr34 in striatal brain slices treated with the D1 receptor agonist, SKF81297. These results indicated a possible regulatory role for PDE1B in pathways involving DARPP32. Here, we generated PDE1B x DARPP32 double-knockout (double-KO) mice to test the role of PDE1B in DARPP32-dependent pathways in vivo. Analysis of the response to d-methamphetamine on locomotor activity showed that the hyperactivity experienced by PDE1B mutant mice was blocked in PDE1B-/- x DARPP32-/- double-KO mice, consistent with participation of PDE1B and DARPP32 in the same pathway. Further behavioral testing in the elevated zero-maze revealed that DARPP32-/- mice showed a less anxious phenotype that was nullified in double-mutant mice. In contrast, in the Morris water maze, double-KO mice showed deficits in spatial reversal learning not observed in either single mutant compared with wild-type mice. The data suggest a role for PDE1B in locomotor responses to psychostimulants through modulation of DARPP32-dependent pathways; however, this modulation does not necessarily impact other behaviors, such as anxiety or learning. Instead, the phenotype of double-KOs observed in these latter tasks may be mediated through independent pathways.
Community Responsibility for Stabilizing Trauma Systems

In Reply. —My article, which was based on the report by Cornwell et al 1 on trauma care at Los Angeles County+University of Southern California, was intended to point out that the near-crisis situation was not limited to that provider or that community. I had also stressed that Dallas had pulled back from the brink of crisis and created opportunity. While in some areas the support system for these services remains fragile, my article and Dr Anderson's letter stress the tangible benefit of cooperation within the Dallas hospital community in creating a stable environment in which citizens can be guaranteed continued access to high-quality trauma care. To that end the real take-away message is not only what recognition of shared responsibility and support can accomplish, but also what consequences may befall communities without it.
Characteristics of Childhood Sexual Abuse among Female Survivors in Therapy.

Characteristics of the abuse experience by 135 women entering an outpatient treatment program for survivors of childhood sexual abuse were assessed utilizing a structured clinical interview. Areas assessed included: nature, frequency and duration of the abuse; participant's age at onset of abuse; perpetrator characteristics; childhood physical abuse experiences; and circumstances leading to abuse cessation. Participants who had been molested by more than one perpetrator were administered questions about the abuse committed by each perpetrator separately. Abuse by the first individual to molest a participant was found to be more likely to be incestuous, of higher frequency, and more extensive and invasive than that by later perpetrators. Survivors seeking therapy indicated experiencing considerably more severe abuse, at a younger age, for longer duration, and at the hands of more perpetrators than previously reported in the literature on nonclinical samples of survivors.
Decomposition Plans for Geometric Constraint Problems, Part II

We systematically design two new decomposition?recombination (DR) planners, geared to perform well with respect to several performance measures. The DR-planning problem and the performance measures were formally defined in Part I of this paper to closely reflect specific requirements of CAD/CAM applications. As expected, in analysis and comparison based on all of these performance measures, one of the new DR-planners, the modified frontier algorithm (MFA), represents a significant improvement over existing planners based on SR (constraint shape recognition) and MM (maximum matching) that were analyzed in Part I. We also present salient heuristics and data structures used in the implementation of MFA.
THE USE OF FUSED SILICA AS A RAW MATERIAL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN1

The effect of different forms of silica commonly used in porcelain bodies on their properties is compared with that produced by use of fused silica. Sources of fused silica are discussed. Comparative tests were made on two bodies, typical of electrical porcelain commonly manufactured in the United States, the only difference between them being that one contained Ottawa sand flint while the other contained powdered fused silica. The firing behavior and thermal expansions were determined and a microscopic examination of thin sections was made. The fused silica body differed materially from the porcelain and due to its difference the name “fusilain” has been suggested for it. A further investigation of other properties thereof is planned.
The evolution of models of public relations: an outsider's perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the historical development of the models/dimensions of public relations. The extensive criticism of the models and dimensions is provided to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the concept.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a critical literature review to understand the roots of the models, their empirical tests, the modifications applied to the models over time, and finally the proposed shift from models to dimensions of public relations.Findings – The study concludes that the attempt to translate the public relations models into the dimensions failed because of a variety of conceptual and methodological flaws. Yet, the idea of developing dimensions of public relations is a viable and practical step in advancing public relations research; however, such dimensions must be continuous, dichotomous and measurable.Originality/value – Models of public relations first became a dominant theoretical perspective in public relations onl...