cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NADH oxidase activity of HeLa plasma membranes inhibited by the antitumor sulfonylurea N-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-N′-(4-chlorophenyl)urea (LY 181984) at an external site

Abstract NADH oxidase activity from HeLa plasma membranes was inhibited by the antitumor sulfonylurea N -(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)- N ′(4-chlorophenyl)urea (LY181984). With sealed right side-out vesicles, the drug inhibited half maximally at about 30 nM and the inhibition was nearly complete. A closely related but growth-inactive sulfonylurea, N -(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)- N ′-(phenyl)urea (LY181985), did not inhibit the activity. With plasma membranes first solubilized with 2% Triton X-100, activity also was inhibited by LY181984 and not by LY181985 but the maximum inhibition at 10 μM LY181984 was only 50%. When sealed right side-out plasma membrane vesicles were frozen and thawed repeatedly to evert some of the vesicles into an inside-out configuration, the NADH oxidase activity again was only about 50% inhibited by 1 μM LY181984. In such preparations, the right side-out vesicles exhibited an electrophoretic mobility greater than that of the inside-out vesicles. Sidedness was confirmed by measurements of ATPase latency and binding of immunogold-labeled concanavalin A. When the two vesicle populations were resolved by preparative free-flow electrophoresis, the active antitumor sulfonylurea LY181984 inhibited only the NADH oxidase activity of the right side-out vesicles. These findings suggested two NADH sites or activity isoforms for the plasma membrane NADH oxidase. One activity, inhibited by LY181984, appeared to be accessible to external NADH only with sealed right side-out vesicles. The other, not inhibited by LY181984, was accessible to NADH only with inside-out vesicles or after membrane disruption by Triton X-100. The findings demonstrate that the NADH oxidation site inhibited as a result of binding the active antitumor sulfonylurea LY181984 is at the external cell surface. Plasma membrane vesicles from HeLa cells are able to oxidize NADH supplied to either membrane surface but only with inside-out vesicles is NADH oxidation sensitive to inhibition by the antitumor sulfonylurea.
Oxidation Behavior of Pure Copper in Oxygen and/or Water Vapor at Intermediate Temperature

The oxidation of pure copper in oxygen with and without water vapor was investigated as a function of temperature, oxygen pressure, and water vapor pressure using thermogravimetric analysis. The rate of the oxidation was increased with increasing temperature from 500 to 700°C and followed by the parabolic rate law regardless of the presence of water vapor. The activation energy for the oxidation was 90.67 kJ/mol in dry oxygen and 95.86 kJ/mol in oxygen with water vapor. The change of oxygen pressure without water vapor does not affect the oxidation rate at given temperatures. However, increasing water vapor pressure from 0.39 to 0.58 atm resulted in higher oxidation rate due to the increase of copper vacancies. CuO whiskers were observed and their growth seems to be enhanced by the presence of water vapor.
The determinants of cross-border equity flows: a dynamic panel data reassessment

Portes and Rey (2005) use a static gravity model to analyse bilateral gross cross-border equity flows. Applying a dynamic gravity model reveals three additional insights. First, distance continues to exert a significant, negative effect on international asset transactions. Second, although the short-run effects of distance are generally of smaller magnitude than documented in PR, the implicit long-run effects remain quite large. Third, lagged asset flows play an important role, even after conditioning on the usual gravity model covariates.
Experimental verification of a CT‐based Monte Carlo dose‐calculation method in heterogeneous phantoms

To further validate the Monte Carlo dose-calculation method [Med. Phys. 25, 867-878 (1998)] developed at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, we have performed experimental verification in various inhomogeneous phantoms. The phantom geometries included simple layered slabs, a simulated bone column, a simulated missing-tissue hemisphere, and an anthropomorphic head geometry (Alderson Rando Phantom). The densities of the inhomogeneity range from 0.14 to 1.86 g/cm3, simulating both clinically relevant lunglike and bonelike materials. The data are reported as central axis depth doses, dose profiles, dose values at points of interest, such as points at the interface of two different media and in the "nasopharynx" region of the Rando head. The dosimeters used in the measurement included dosimetry film, TLD chips, and rods. The measured data were compared to that of Monte Carlo calculations for the same geometrical configurations. In the case of the Rando head phantom, a CT scan of the phantom was used to define the calculation geometry and to locate the points of interest. The agreement between the calculation and measurement is generally within 2.5%. This work validates the accuracy of the Monte Carlo method. While Monte Carlo, at present, is still too slow for routine treatment planning, it can be used as a benchmark against which other dose calculation methods can be compared.
Extensive Diversity of Ig-Superfamily Proteins in the Immune System of Insects

The extensive somatic diversification of immune receptors is a hallmark of higher vertebrates. However, whether molecular diversity contributes to immune protection in invertebrates is unknown. We present evidence that Drosophila immune-competent cells have the potential to express more than 18,000 isoforms of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-superfamily receptor Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam). Secreted protein isoforms of Dscam were detected in the hemolymph, and hemocyte-specific loss of Dscam impaired the efficiency of phagocytic uptake of bacteria, possibly due to reduced bacterial binding. Importantly, the molecular diversity of Dscam transcripts generated through a mechanism of alternative splicing is highly conserved across major insect orders, suggesting an unsuspected molecular complexity of the innate immune system of insects.
Robust blind calibration via total least squares

This paper considers the problem of blindly calibrating large sensor networks to account for unknown gain and offset in each sensor. Under the assumption that the true signals measured by the sensors lie in a known lower dimensional subspace, previous work has shown that blind calibration is possible. In practical scenarios, perfect signal subspace knowledge is difficult to obtain. In this paper, we show that a solution robust to misspecification of the signal subspace can be obtained using total least squares (TLS) estimation. This formulation provides significant performance benefits over the standard least squares approach, as we show. Next, we extend this TLS algorithm for incorporating exact knowledge of a few sensor gains, termed partially-blind total least squares.
Atom Probe Microanalysis of Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x

Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x needles prepared from hot-pressed discs of oxide powders were analyzed in a long drift-tube type atom probe. An analyses was made from a randomly located area about 2 nm in diameter. Most of the oxygen field-evaporated as O2+ ions. The measured composition agreed well with that of YBa2Cu3O6.5 except for yttrium which was found to be too high. The oxygen concentration profile showed fluctuations about 2.5 nm apart which must still be clarified.
Automorphisms and extensions of k((t))

Let k be a field of characteristic p and let σ ∈ Autk{k((t))}. For m ≥ 0 define im = vt(σpmt − t) − 1. We show that if i0 = 1 and i1 = 1 + bp with 0 < b < p − 1 then im = 1 + bp + bp2 + ctdot; + bpm for all m ≥ 1.
The Physical Content of the Leading Orders of Principal Component Analysis of Spectral Profiles

We consider the principal component analysis (PCA) method of expanding Stokes intensity and net polarization profiles in terms of eigenfunctions (or principal components) of the spectral covariance matrix. The expansion is ordered by the magnitude of the relevant eigenvalue from largest to smallest. We find that the ordering represents a perturbation expansion. This allows us to examine the physical content of the first few orders of the basis set for 40,000 profiles for each Stokes parameter for a solar active region. For the intensity profile, we find that the expansion represents a Taylor series with the highest ranked, or first, eigenfunction being the zeroth order term, the second as the (scaled) first derivative of the zeroth term, and the third as the (scaled) second derivative term. Thus, we can derive a velocity from the coefficients of the first derivative term and a magnetic splitting parameter from those of the second using the standard velocity perturbation and weak-field expansion. For the net polarization profiles, we find that the zeroth order terms yield, using the weak-field expansion, the vector magnetic field. A comparison with a Stokes profile fitting inversion shows that the thus-estimated velocity and magnetic parameters are in good agreement with the more time-consuming profile fitting values, but do show a roll-off, or saturation, for sufficiently large values. We also find that the bright quiet-Sun points have an upflow signature, while the dark regions have a downflow—one in good agreement with that derived by traditional analysis.
Lineup administrator influences on eyewitness identification decisions

The present research examines how a lineup administrator may influence eyewitness identification decisions through different forms of influence, after providing the witness with standard, unbiased instructions. Participant-witnesses viewed a staged crime and were later shown a target-present or target-absent lineup. The lineup administrators either remained silent while the witness examined the lineup, made ostensibly cautionary statements to the witness, or prompted the witness to identify the person in the lineup who seemed most similar to the perpetrator. These two forms of influence, denoted as subtle-influence and similarity-influence conditions, led to different patterns of identification results. Results for the similarity-influence condition were generally consistent with criterion shift and relative judgment models of eyewitness decision making. Results for the subtle-influence condition, however, cannot be explained by alterations in the decision rule. A weighted matching model is outlined to explain results from the subtle-influence condition. Witnesses seemed generally unaware of the attempts by the lineup administrator to influence their decision, although some noted it, and the probative value of suspect identifications was lower for those who did note it. Implications for theory and policy are discussed.
Overcoming recruitment challenges in construction safety intervention research

Background Recruiting workers in small construction companies and securing their participation in voluntary safety programs or safety research poses unique challenges. Worker turnover and worksite changes contribute to difficulties in locating and enrolling participants. Economic pressures and time demands potentially threaten ongoing participation. Methods Six simulation exercises designed to reduce back and fall injuries in small construction companies were developed based on data from focus groups of workers and company owners. Working with a workers' compensation insurer, we had access to owner-operators of general, heavy, and special trade construction companies reporting less than $10,000 in payroll expenses. Recruitment methods included a participation incentive, mailed invitations followed by phone contacts, and follow-up reminders. Results Despite using recruitment methods recommended in the literature, participation rates were low over a 2-year intervention period. Because of these difficulties, factors affecting participation or nonparticipation became an additional research focus. Owners' perceptions of already having a good safety record and of the time demands of participation were the most commonly cited reasons for not participating. Conclusions Literature on recruitment emphasizes processes and procedures under investigator control rather than understanding potential participants' judgments about the adequacy of their existing practices and the potential benefits of intervention participation relative to potential time and productivity trade-offs. Greater attention to such judgments may enhance recruitment and participation in under-studied and difficult to access populations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:297–304, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the QuickDASH in Patients With Upper Limb Amputation.

Abstract Objectives To examine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire in persons with upper limb amputation. Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal. Setting Three sites participating in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Home Study of the DEKA Arm. Participants A convenience sample of upper limb amputees (N=44). Interventions Training with a multifunction upper limb prosthesis. Main Outcome Measures Multiple outcome measures including the QuickDASH were administered twice within 1 week, and for a subset of 20 persons, after completion of in-laboratory training with the DEKA Arm. Scale alphas and intraclass correlation coefficient type 3,1 (ICC 3,1 ) were used to examine reliability. Minimum detectable change (MDC) scores were calculated. Analyses of variance, comparing QuickDASH scores by the amount of prosthetic use and amputation level, were used for known-group validity analyses with alpha set at .05. Pairwise correlations between QuickDASH and other measures were used to examine concurrent validity. Responsiveness was measured by effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM). Results QuickDASH alpha was .83, and ICC was .87 (95% confidence interval, .77–.93). MDC at the 95% confidence level (MDC95%) was 17.4. Full- or part-time prosthesis users had better QuickDASH scores compared with nonprosthesis users ( P =.021), as did those with more distal amputations at both baseline ( P =.042) and with the DEKA Arm ( P =.024). The QuickDASH was correlated with concurrent measures of activity limitation as expected. The ES and SRM after training with the DEKA Arm were 0.6. Conclusions This study provides evidence of reliability and validity of the QuickDASH in persons with upper limb amputation. Results provide preliminary evidence of responsiveness to prosthetic device type/training. Further research with a larger sample is needed to confirm results.
Characterization of cysteine synthase in Echinochloa crus-galli L. and its inhibition by substrate analogues

Abstract Cysteine synthase [CS; EC 4.2.99.8] catalyzes the terminal step of cysteine biosynthesis whereby cysteine is formed from O -acetylserine (OAS) and sulfide. CS was extracted from the leaves of Echinochloa crus-galli L., fractionated with ammonium sulfate, and then characterized. The optimum assay temperature of CS was 50°C, suggesting thermal stability. The activity was relatively low at pH 6.0, but increased sharply when the pH increased from 6.4 to 7.4. Maximal activity seemed between pH 7.4 and 9.0. The apparent K m value was 2.53 mM for OAS and 0.88 mM for sulfide, which indicates that CS has a low affinity for OAS. Two inhibitors of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, amino-oxyacetate (AOA) and cycloserine, inhibited this enzyme by 76 and 42%, respectively, at 10 mM. An analogue of OAS, O -phosphoserine, inhibited CS slightly, but other analogues (e.g., O -phosphothreonine) were not significantly inhibitory, even at 30 mM. The I 50 value of AOA was about 3 mM. When CS and AOA were preincubated together at 30°C, AOA inhibited CS in a time-dependent manner, by 51% with 0.1 mM AOA after a 4-h incubation. CS was stable during this incubation period. AOA and cycloserine inhibited the shoot elongation of E. crus-galli by 72 and 31%, respectively, at 5 kg a.i./ha postemergence. Growth inhibition by other compounds was less than 10%. These data suggest a correlation between CS inhibition and growth reduction; however, the supplementation of exogenous cysteine failed to reverse this inhibition in a test tube bioassay. This indicates that the growth inhibition could not be entirely attributed to the starvation of cysteine which might be caused by the inhibitor.
TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX: FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO CLINICAL PHENOTYPES

TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS COMPLEX: FROM BASIC SCIENCE TO CLINICAL PHENOTYPES Edited by Paolo Curatolo. 2003. London: Mac Keith Press Price £55. Pp. 328. ISBN 1‐8986‐8339‐5 This new book on tuberous sclerosis (TSC) appears only 4 years after the third edition of the monograph edited by Manuel Gomez. Initially I wondered if the advances made in our understanding warranted a new publication but, having read it through, it was enlightening to be reminded of the new data and new understandings that have emerged in this short period of time. This new multi‐author monograph has been edited by Paolo Curatolo, Professor of Child Neurology and Psychiatry at Tor Vergata University in Rome. Professor Curatolo himself authors or co‐authors eight of the 17 chapters, and all of the five chapters on the non‐neurological manifestations of TSC are written or co‐authored by Sergiusz Jozwiak, a paediatric neurologist from Warsaw. Given the strong personal involvement of these two neurologists with long‐standing interests in tuberous sclerosis, the book has a nice balance of detailed literature review and extensive personal experience. As the non‐neurological sections are written by a neurologist, the descriptions provided of the lesions are very clear for the non‐specialist, with extremely helpful discussions of the differential diagnoses and their diagnostic significance. Indeed, the touch of the neurologist is evident in these accounts, as a paper is quoted describing a child with cardiac rhabdomyomas who developed second‐degree atrioventricular block …
Unique sensor fusion system for coordinate-measuring machine tasks

This paper describes a real-time hierarchical system that fuses data from vision and touch sensors to improve the performance of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) used for dimensional inspection tasks. The system consists of sensory processing, world modeling, and task decomposition modules. It uses the strengths of each sensor -- the precision of the CMM scales and the analog touch probe and the global information provided by the low resolution camera -- to improve the speed and flexibility of the inspection task. In the experiment described, the vision module performs all computations in image coordinate space. The part's boundaries are extracted during an initialization process and then the probe's position is continuously updated as it scans and measures the part surface. The system fuses the estimated probe velocity and distance to the part boundary in image coordinates with the estimated velocity and probe position provided by the CMM controller. The fused information provides feedback to the monitor controller as it guides the touch probe to scan the part. We also discuss integrating information from the vision system and the probe to autonomously collect data for 2-D to 3-D calibration, and work to register computer aided design (CAD) models with images of parts in the workplace.
Basic fibroblast growth factor: a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute neurodegenerative disorders and vascular insufficiency

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide widely distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. It has potent trophic effects on cellular proliferation, differentiation, embryogenesis and extracellular matrix formation and these effects are mediated by complex signal transduction cascades that vary by cell type. The intracellular and extracellular release and expression of bFGF increases in response to ischaemia and CNS injury and bFGF demonstrates potent neuroprotective activity in a wide variety of in vitro models of cell death. bFGF has also been found to provide significant neuroprotective efficacy in both focal and global ischaemia models in a number of species as well as in rat models of brain and spinal trauma. There is emerging evidence that bFGF enhances functional recovery in both ischaemia and brain trauma models following delayed administration. bFGF also increases blood flow in experimental models of vascular insufficiency which relate to peripher...
The Participation and Activity Measurement System: An example application among people who use wheeled mobility devices

Purpose. To present the Participation and Activity Measurement System (PAMS), a system designed to examine activity and participation among people who use wheeled mobility devices.Methods. Description of PAMS’ components and an example of its application among people who use tilt-in-space wheelchairs.Results. PAMS combines objective and subjective descriptions of mobility-based activities within a person's home and community. By applying technologies such as wheel revolution counters, seat occupancy sensors and global positioning systems, PAMS captures diverse metrics of wheelchair use including destinations, wheeled distance, duration of occupancy and the use of specialised features such as tilt. These metrics also provide the basis for a prompted recall interview designed to elicit contextual data about wheelchair use within a person's home and community. A recent study among people who use tilt-in-space wheelchairs demonstrates the components and application of PAMS.Conclusions. The combination of obje...
Multiperspective Thermal IR and Video Arrays for 3D Body Tracking and Driver Activity Analysis

This paper presents a multi-perspective (i.e., four camera views) multi-modal (i.e., thermal infrared and color) video based system for robust and real-time 3D tracking of important body parts.The multi-perspective characteristics of the system provides 3Dtrajectory of the body parts, while the multi-modal characteristics of the system provides robustness and reliability of feature detection and tracking. The application context for this research is that of intelligent vehicles and driver assistance systems. Experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed system.
Viscous Flow vs Phase Separation During Calorimetric Analysis of Fluoride Glasses

Differential scanning calorimeter traces of heavy-metal fluoride glasses can display an endothermic feature between the glass transition and the onset of crystallization. It is shown that this feature can be the result of viscous flow occurring during heating and is not necessarily a second glass transition, attributable to the coexistence of two vitreous phases.
Circular RNA biogenesis can proceed through an exon-containing lariat precursor

DNA contains the instructions to make proteins. These instructions are first copied into a molecule of RNA, which often has sections that code for protein (called exons) interrupted by non-coding sections (called introns). A process called splicing removes the introns and joins the exons to form a mature RNA molecule that is then translated to make proteins. The standard splicing process joins the first exon to the second, and the second to the third, and so on to produce a liner RNA molecule. Occasionally, one or more of the exons can be skipped in a process known as ‘alternative splicing’. In recent years, scientists have discovered that another type of alternative splicing, which creates circular RNA molecules, is common in animal cells. It was suggested that circular RNAs might form when the splicing machinery joins the two ends of the same exon via a process referred to as ‘backsplicing’. Standard splicing first converts an intron into a looped structure called a ‘lariat’ (which resembles a lasso); the lariat is then removed by the splicing machinery and destroyed. When exons are skipped during alternative splicing, a large lariat containing the skipped exon is produced. Now, Barrett et al. have used yeast cells to investigate how circular RNAs are formed. Yeast is a good model to study this process because it can be manipulated easily in the laboratory and expresses circular RNAs. The experiments show that lariat structures containing exons (as would be expected from exon-skipping) are a common intermediate step before the production of a circular RNA. However, some exon-containing lariats do not go on to form circular RNAs, suggesting that additional factors are important for the production of circular RNAs. Barrett et al. next investigated the reasons why certain exons formed circular RNAs while others did not and revealed that longer exons formed circular RNAs more readily than shorter exons. Further work is now required to understand the molecular basis of this result and identify other factors that contribute to the formation of circular RNAs.
Characterization of Days Dry for United States Holsteins

This research characterized days dry (DD) for modern US Holsteins. This included investigation of factors influencing DD, summarizing variation in herd means as well as within-herd variation, and estimation of parameters related to DD. Data consisted of records initiated before 2003 from cows first calving after 1996. A total of 459,075 records from 295,067 cows in 3527 herds were included. The overall mean DD was 60.5 d, and standard deviation among herd means was 5.8 d. Approximately 91% of all herds had mean DD between 50 and 70 d. There were 41 herds that had mean DD of ≤45 d and 2 herds with mean DD of ≤30 d. Some herds (125) had unusually long mean DD (exceeding 71 d). Variation across regions of the United States was minimal, although southwestern herds did show somewhat longer DD than other regions. Days open (DO) accounted for the most variation in DD with longer DO leading to longer dry periods. Heritability of DD was 7% and repeatability 12%. Error correlations indicated that longer dry periods benefit both milk yield and somatic cell score in the subsequent lactation. Genetic and permanent environmental correlations were large, which indicated that 1) bias would result if genetic evaluations for milk yield included an adjustment for DD, and 2) correction for cow effects is warranted in estimation of DD effects on performance. The relationship between DD and DO is due primarily to permanent cow effects. Improved fertility will enhance the feasibility of shortened dry periods.
Maximal Flow with Gains through a Special Network

This paper uses the special structure at a directed acyclic network with positive gains to develop an extremely simple and powerful algorithm for maximal flow. Finiteness of the algorithm is achieved through a theorem characterizing basic solutions for this special network.
R & D Profile Jet Propulsion Laboratory Robotic Facilities and Associated Research

This paper describes the robotics facilities and associated research program of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, lead center in telerobotics for the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Emphasis is placed on evolution from teleoperation to remote System automation. Research is described in manipulator modelling and control, real-time planning and monitoring, navigation in outdoor terrain, real-time sensing and perception, human-machine interface, and overall System architectures. Applications to NASA missions emphasize robotic spacecraft for solar System exploration, satellite servicing and retrieval, assembly of structures, and surveillance. Applications to military missions include battlefield navigation, surveillance, logistics, command and control.
USING EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION TO GENERATE TRAINING SET DATA FOR NEURAL NETWORKS

Most neural networks require a set of training examples in order to attempt to approximate a problem function. For many real-world problems, however, such a set of examples is unavailable. Such a problem involving feedback optimization of a computer network routing system has motivated a general method of generating artificial training sets using evolutionary computation. This paper describes the method and demonstrates its utility by presenting promising results from applying it to an artificial problem similar to a real-world network routing optimization problem.
Isothermal creep of eutectic SnBi and SnAg solder and solder joints

The isothermal tensile steady state creep rates of cast SnBi and SnAg eutectics are reported at temperatures between 20/spl deg/C and 160/spl deg/C, The SnBi eutectic has three regions of stress dependence with an extended power law region with stress exponent, n=3, at rates relevant to thermal fatigue. The SnAg eutectic has a simple power law stress dependence with a stress exponent between 6.7 (high temperatures) and 8.4 (low temperatures). These results are compared to room temperature creep rates of lap shear solder joints. The SnBi data correlate well. SnAg lap shear joints were significantly stronger than bulk samples. The difference is due to the amount of copper dissolved in the solder during reflow. >
Cultural Patterns of South Asian and Southeast Asian Americans.

An overview of South Asian and Southeast Asian Americans is discussed to aid teachers in understanding some behaviors exhibited by students from these diverse backgrounds. Although there are some s...
Gender and Race Representation in Casual Games

This paper examines gender and race representation in casual games through content analysis. Study 1 looks at gender and race representation in a random sample (N = 200) of casual games retrieved from the websites of the largest five casual game distributors. Study 2 looks at the most popular games on websites of the same five multinational distributors (N = 54) and analyzes how primary characters are portrayed in terms of appearance and personality. Females are overly represented as primary characters but chi-square analyses indicate no significant differences between sexes in terms of how they are portrayed: of note, neither males nor females are depicted in a sexual manner. These results conflict with previous studies of gender representation in game characters: this paper suggests that sampling methodology and the relatively new trend of casual games excluded this subset of games from prior research. Implications are discussed using a social cognitive framework.
Bleeding duodenal ulceration: the results of emergency treatment with highly selective vagotomy.

We report the results of a prospective study of all patients undergoing highly selective vagotomy (HSV) for bleeding duodenal ulceration (BDU) at Concord Hospital between 1979 and 1989. Highly selective vagotomy was undertaken in 63 patients (58 male, 5 female) with a median age of 69 years (range: 16–89). Fifty-five patients were reviewed, 7 patients having died in the peri-operative period and one being lost to follow-up. The mean period to review was 50 months (range: 1–120). Thirty-six patients have been followed-up for more than 24 months. Thirty-day postoperative mortality was 11% (7 patients). Combined major and minor morbidity was 41%. Postoperative rebleeding occurred in four patients (6.3%), three of whom died. Ulceration had recurred in two of 55 patients (4%). Symptoms have been evaluated in 55 patients since operation and 93% have been graded as Visick I or II. We conclude that HSV is effective in the emergency treatment of BDU and has few long-term sequelae.
Representational change and children’s numerical estimation

We applied overlapping waves theory and microgenetic methods to examine how children improve their estimation proficiency, and in particular how they shift from reliance on immature to mature representations of numerical magnitude. We also tested the theoretical prediction that feedback on problems on which the discrepancy between two representations is greatest will cause the greatest representational change. Second graders who initially were assessed as relying on an immature representation were presented feedback that varied in degree of discrepancy between the predictions of the mature and immature representations. The most discrepant feedback produced the greatest representational change. The change was strikingly abrupt, often occurring after a single feedback trial, and impressively broad, affecting estimates over the entire range of numbers from 0 to 1000. The findings indicated that cognitive change can occur at the level of an entire representation, rather than always involving a sequence of local repairs.
Simultaneous Equation Models

This article reviews the use of simultaneous equation models in political science and public policy.
Scaling relation for thermal ripples in single and multilayer graphene

Ripples in graphene can occur due to strain or thermal fluctuations and stabilize the two-dimensional material. Molecular dynamics simulations show that thermally induced ripples in graphene lead to angular deviations of the surface normal that agree with previous electron diffraction experiments [J. C. Meyer et al., Nature (London) 446, 60 (2007)]. We discover scaling relationships for the average angular deviations as a function of size of the graphene sheet $L$ and averaging radius $R$. The average angle scales as $\mathrm{exp}{\ensuremath{-}c{(R/L)}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ with a scaling exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1$ for single layer, $5/4$ for bilayer, and $5/3$ for trilayer graphene, respectively. We show how these angular deviations depend on temperature, strain, and layer numbers. The scaling relations can provide guidance to the optimization of properties that are sensitive to out-of-plane distortions.
Macro-Trench Studies of Surface Reaction Probability of a-Si:H Film Growth

Using a “macro-trench” technique, the surface reaction probabilities β of the a-Si:H growth precursors for remote hollow cathode silane discharge (HC) and reactive magnetron sputter deposition (RMS) are measured. Both deposition methods produce state of the art photo-electronic quality a-Si:H. For the HC case, β= 0.28 ± 0.05, whereas for RMS deposition β ≈ 0.97 ± 0.05. We conclude that β is not universally correlated with film quality, and discuss mitigating factors present in RMS deposition that permit high quality film to be deposited despite the high film precursor reactivity.
The lattice world, quantum foam and the universe as a metamaterial

This work describes the gravitational effects of an ordered array of Planck masses, arrayed in a cubic lattice with a lattice constant equal to the Planck length. This work adds the property of spatial order to the concept of quantum foam that was introduced by John Wheeler over 50 years ago. It is shown that this ordering results in new gravitational phenomena that affect elementary particles with masses close to the Planck mass. The only known elementary particles with a mass comparable to or greater than the Planck mass are black holes. Calculated in this work are the energies of particles within the crystal, their dispersion curves, group velocities and effective inertial masses. It is shown that, for particles having particular energies and momenta, the crystal can modify the inertial mass such that it is no longer equal to the gravitational mass—a violation of Einstein’s equivalence principle in appearance only. Under certain conditions, particular particles can have a negative effective inertial mass such that it is pushed by the pull of an external gravitational force produced by sources other than the crystal. The connections between the effects of the gravity crystal and dark energy and dark matter are discussed. Also discussed is how to determine the properties of the universe-wide gravity crystal by studying the motion of black holes and galaxies—in effect using black holes as hyper-resolving microscopes to study the fine structure of the universe.
Setting the Stage: Coordinated Approaches to School Health and Physical Education.

Is there anything more important than the health, well-being and education of a nation’s children? This paper takes the position that school is the most important place to educate children about health and to develop lifelong health promoting skills. We believe that health promotion programs and activities are integral to the school’s educational program, not as extracurricular, but as central to school’s educational mission. In this chapter, we highlight the importance of physical education and physical activity as key components of a well-designed coordinated school health program. We also outline the skills that PE teachers must learn to take a leadership role in the school health movement.
Demonstration of a 1.1 petawatt hybrid OPCPA-Nd: Glass Laser

A 1.1 Petawatt Laser (186 J, 167 fs) based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification and mixed Nd:glass amplification is demonstrated and its operations are characterized.
Rescuing CTLs from undergoing TCR restimulation induced necroptosis improves tumor control (VAC7P.1034)

Engineering T cells with tumor epitope reactive T cell receptors (TCR) for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy requires rapid proliferation and expansion, resulting in replicative senescent phenotype and increased susceptibility to cell death. Cell death may occur as apoptosis (programmed) or necrosis (un-programmed), or programmed necrosis (termed necroptosis). Our data shows that human T cells engineered with tumor epitope tyrosinase specific TIL1383I TCR upon restimulation with cognate antigen undergo caspase independent and reactive oxygen species mediated cell death cell death that involves JNK. Further, electron microscopic studies revealed that primarily effector-memory phenotype bearing T cells underwent antigen stimulated cell death resembling necroptosis, which was averted by pretreating with necroptosis inhibitor NecroX2 that inhibits RIPK1. Further, in vivo studies done to treat subcutaneously established B16-F10 tumors in C57BL/6 mice showed better tumor control when adoptively transferred tumor epitope gp100 reactive T cells were pretreated with NecroX2. Long-term tracking studies showed that NecroX2 pretreated T cells persisted better than the untreated T cells alone, and could account for differences in tumor growth. Our data highlights that understanding the morphology/type of cell death that a tumor reactive T cell may undergo upon TCR restimulation is important to effectively rescue anti-tumor T cells for increasing persistence and improving ACT.
A study of the electromagnetic bias for GNSS-R ocean altimetry using the choppy wave model

Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) altimetry involves measuring reflections of Global Positioning System transmissions from the Earth’s surface (a bistatic radar configuration.) These reflected signals carry information about the Earth’s surface, including the sea surface height. The electromagnetic (EM) bias is a significant error source when measuring sea surface height with GNSS-R due to the non-symmetric properties of sea waves. Although previous studies of the EM bias have been conducted for traditional backscatter altimetry, information on the EM bias in the bistatic configurations important for GNSS-R is limited. Of particular interest is the influence of the bistatic geometry on the EM bias. This paper presents a study of the EM bias in GNSS-R altimetry. The study employs a Monte Carlo procedure with numerical nonlinear hydrodynamic simulations coupled with a physical optics method for EM scattering from the sea surface to produce a deterministic set of sea surface profiles ...
Statistical Analysis for Maloperations on Enclosed Switchgear

This paper analyses 25 maloperation accidents on enclosed switchgear in Guangdong,China,and puts forward countermeasures against some equipment-related problems,such as interlock of equipments in different places;inspection,estimation and summary of faults in interlocking devices;mechanical strength and manufacturing precision of mechanical interlocking and operating devices;soft interlock concept and so on.
Patent Claim Construction Under Teva v. Sandoz: Deference at Last or More of the Same?

The proper construction of patent claims is a point of contention as old as patent claims themselves. Several Supreme Court and Federal Circuit decisions over the past two decades have given courts guidance as to how to read patent claims and whether construction is a question most suited for the judge or the jury. The Supreme Court in Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc. recently addressed an outstanding question: Should the Federal Circuit review district court claim constructions de novo or for clear error. While the holding in Teva seems to provide clear and rational guidance, the appellate decisions that have issued in the wake of Teva suggest that the question is not fully settled. These post-Teva cases highlight the tensions that continue to exist between the Federal Circuit and the remainder of the administrative and judicial bodies that handle allegations of patent infringement. It seems the Federal Circuit has read the Teva opinion as narrowly as possible in order to maintain significant control over patent claim construction — likely more control than the Supreme Court intended. This interpretation and implementation of Teva by the Federal Circuit is likely to significantly impact decisions made both by counsel and judges in federal district court and the USPTO as they seek to maintain some deference for their own constructions.
PREDICTORS OF CYBERBULLYING INTERVENTION AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STAFF: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF STAFF STATUS

Cyberbullying behavior among youth has become a growing concern among parents, educators, and policymakers due to emerging evidence documenting its harmful consequences on youths’ development. As such, schools are increasingly required to address to this form of bullying. Thus, effective responses by school staff are needed. However, no study to date has examined the likelihood of cyberbullying intervention among certified and noncertified school personnel. To that end, the present study assessed whether perceptions, attitudes, and self-efficacy beliefs predicted the likelihood of cyberbullying intervention and examined whether these relationships were moderated by staff status (e.g., certified and noncertified). Results revealed that attitudes toward victims and self-efficacy beliefs to intervene were significant predictors of the likelihood of cyberbullying intervention among staff; however, the prevalence of bullying and staff attitudes toward bullies were not significant predictors of intervention likelihood. Implications for in-service staff training efforts are discussed.
489. Tumor-Targeted Hursirna-Nanoparticle Delivery Inhibits Lung Tumor Growth In Vitro and In Vivo

HuR, an mRNA binding protein regulates the stability of many oncoproteins associated with cell survival, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. HuR overexpression is a marker for poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with cancer of lung, ovary, breast and colon. We hypothesized that the silencing of HuR using small interfering RNA (siRNA) could be a promising approach for lung cancer therapy. To test our hypothesis, we developed a tumor-targeted nanoparticle (NP) system that is targeted to transferrin receptor (TfR) for delivering HuRsiRNA (HuR-TfNP) in human lung cancer cells. Human lung cancer cells (A549, HCC827) and normal lung fibroblast (MRC-9) cell lines expressing varying levels of TfR were used in the present study. TfR expression was highest in A549, moderate in HCC827, and low to undetectable in MRC9 cells. In vitro studies demonstrated enhanced uptake of Tf-NP (51%) in TfR overexpressing A549 cells, compared to the non-targeted NP. Specificity studies using desferrioxamine (DFO; 100 µM), a stimulator of TfR, showed a two-fold increased uptake of Tf-NP whereas blocking TfR with exogenous transferrin (1 µg/well) reduced the uptake by 3 fold in A549 cells. Further, HuR-TfNP treatment reduced HuR expression and significantly suppressed cell proliferation at 24h and 48h compared to control siRNA containing NP (C-Tf-NP) in tumor cells but not in normal cells. Greatest inhibition was observed in A549 cells (23% and 30% inhibition at 24 and 48 h respectively) compared to 15% and 25% in HCC827. In MRC-9 cells, only 4% inhibition was observed. HuR-TfNP induced G1 cell-cycle arrest in tumor cells that correlated with marked reduction in Cyclin D1, and Cyclin E protein expression. Further, tumor cell migration and invasion was significantly inhibited in HuR-TfNP treated tumor cells compared to C-TfNP treatment (p<0.001). In-vivo, Tf-NP bio-distribution studies using indocyanine green (ICG) showed accumulation of the NP in tumor tissues over time with maximum accumulation at 24 h post NP injection. Efficacy studies in A549 tumor model demonstrated that systemic administration of HuR-TfNP significantly inhibited growth of both subcutaneous tumor growth and experimental lung metastasis compared to C-TfNP treatment (P<0.05). Further, tumor growth delay was sustained over 70 days when compared to control groups. A marked reduction in the expression of HuR and HuR-regulated oncoproteins (Bcl2, Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E) with a concomitant increase in p27 expression was observed in HuR-TfNP-treated tumors compared to control tumors. Our study results demonstrate HuR-TfNP therapy suppressed lung tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo and is therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.
Rectal and Colon Cancer: Radiation Therapy Planning

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A Modified Yeast-one Hybrid System for Heteromeric Protein Complex-DNA Interaction Studies

Over the years, the yeast one-hybrid assay has proven to be an important technique for the identification and validation of physical interactions between proteins such as transcription factors (TFs) and their DNA target. The method presented here utilizes the underlying concept of the Y1H but is modified further to study and validate protein complexes binding to their target DNA. Hence, it is referred to as the modified yeast one-hybrid (Y1.5H) assay. This assay is cost effective and can be easily performed in a regular laboratory setting. Albeit using a heterologous system, the described method could be a valuable tool to test and validate the heteromeric protein complex binding to their DNA target(s) for functional genomics in any system of study, especially plant genomics.
Implementing Attachment Theory in the ChildWelfare System: Clinical Implications and Organizational Considerations

Based on a wealth of research validating a strong connection between disorganized attachment and mental health issues for abused and neglected children, child welfare administrators have placed increased emphasis on the implementation of practices that promote positive parent–child attachments. However, the child welfare system has not systematically addressed the organizational challenges of implementing empirically based practices and the impact of disrupted parent–child attachments. This chapter explores the internal and external pressures on child welfare agencies that impede or encourage implementation of the theoretical and practice base underlying attachment. The authors place a particular emphasis on the influence that organizational policies and structures may have on meeting the attachment needs of the young child. They present five attachment-based treatment models considered both promising and appropriate for child welfare clients. Toward meeting the goal of implementing these models or similar interventions, the authors discuss organizational barriers and clinical implications for private and public child welfare practitioners and the children and families they serve. The chapter concludes with recommendations for agency leaders and practitioners.