cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An unusual presentation of secondary syphilis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A case report and review of the literature.

• Background.— Syphilis has been reported to assume unusual clinical appearances and to exhibit unusual courses in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. We recently observed a distinct manifestation of syphilis in an HIV-infected patient with features not previously described. Observations.— A 38-year-old HIV-seropositive homosexual man presented with fever, chills, malaise, and a cutaneous eruption consisting of indurated, shiny, erythematous plaques that were confluent on the face and scalp leading to alopecia and extreme tautness of the skin. Initial clinical diagnoses included lymphoreticular malignancy and infection. Although cultures yieldedStaphylococcus aureus, a skin biopsy specimen was diagnostic of syphilis. Conclusions.— This case demonstrates an unusual clinical manifestation of syphilis in a patient with HIV infection and emphasizes the importance of considering cutaneous secondary syphilis in the differential diagnosis of virtually any inflammatory cutaneous disorder in HIV-seropositive individuals. (Arch Dermatol.1992;128:530-534)
SU-E-E-05: Initial Experience On Physics Rotation of Radiological Residents

Purpose: The new ABR core exam integrates physics into clinical teaching, with an emphasis on understanding image quality, image artifacts, radiation dose and patient safety for each modality and/or sub-specialty. Accordingly, physics training of radiological residents faces a challenge. A traditional teaching of physics through didactic lectures may not fully fulfill this goal. It is also difficult to incorporate physics teaching in clinical practice due to time constraints. A dedicated physics rotation may be a solution. This study is to evaluate a full week physics workshop developed for the first year radiological residents. Methods: The physics rotation took a full week. It included three major parts, introduction lectures, hand-on experiences and observation of technologist operation. An introduction of basic concepts was given to each modality at the beginning. Hand-on experiments were emphasized and took most of time. During hand-on experiments, residents performed radiation measurements, studied the relationship between patient dose and practice (i.e., fluoroscopy), investigated influence of acquisition parameters (i.g., kV, mAs) on image quality, and evaluated image quality using phantoms A physics test before and after the workshop was also given but not for comparison purpose. Results: The evaluation shows that the physics rotation during the first week ofmore » residency in radiology is preferred by all residents. The length of a full week of physics workshop is appropriate. All residents think that the intensive workshop can significantly benefit their coming clinical rotations. Residents become more comfortable regarding the use of radiation and counseling relevant questions such as a pregnant patient risk from a CE PE examination. Conclusion: A dedicated physics rotation, assisting with didactic lectures, may fulfill the requirements of physics of the new ABR core exam. It helps radiologists deeply understand the physics concepts and more efficiently use the medical physics in practice.« less
Acute and chronic effects of diflubenzuron (Dimilin) on freshwater fish and invertebrates

Two fish and seven invertebrate freshwater species were exposed to diflubenzuron (Dimilin®) in acute and chronic laboratory tests. No effects on newly hatched and juvenile fathead minnows or juvenile guppies were seen at or below 36 μg/L, the highest concentration tested. An early-life-stage test (30-d) with fathead minnows showed no effect at or below 36 μg/L. No effects on survival, growth or reproduction were observed with two snail species, Juga plicifera and Physa spp., at or below 36 μg/L. Adult emergence of the caddis fly Clistoronia magnifica was inhibited at 0.1 μg/L. Daphnia magna were killed at 2.0 μg/L. Hyalella azteca mortality was significant at 2.0 μg/L. Molting and survival of the midge Tanytarsus dissimilis were affected at 4.9 μg/L. Molting and survival of the midge Cricotopus spp. were affected at 4.9 μg/L, and adult emergence did not occur at 1.6 μg/L.
Indicating instruments at servo frequencies

WITH THE advancing application of sinusoidal analysis to servo systems, the need has arisen for instruments that will measure a-c steady-state quantities in the frequency range of usual servo operation, either by use of conventional portable instruments or by the development of new instruments. At the present time the oscillograph and oscilloscope are the most commonly used tools in the analysis of servo systems. If the indicating instrument could be used, it would eliminate analysis of oscillograms.
Ultraviolet-visible absorption in highly transparent solids by laser calorimetry and wavelength modulation spectroscopy.

The requirements for low-loss optical materials for use on excimer lasers have stimulated the investigation of optical absorption in a variety of highly transparent materials at visible and uv wavelengths. To provide information over a wide spectral range at low absorption levels (≃10−5 cm−1), laser calorimetric and wavelength modulation spectroscopic techniques were used. Blending these two methods provided, for the first time, spectral information well below the usual levels of absorption measured in studies of the Urbach tail.
Association between asthma and serious psychological distress among male veterans compared to civilian counterparts

Abstract Objective Identify the association between current asthma status and serious psychological distress among males who served in the U.S. Armed Forces as compared to civilians. Methods A secondary analysis was performed utilizing the 2009 and 2011 California Health Interview Survey, including 9993 veteran males and 26,999 civilian males. All analyses used replicate weights to account for complex survey design. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were generated to describe the population. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to model the effect of asthma and other covariates on past year and past month serious psychological distress, stratified by veteran status. Results After model adjustment, current asthma status was significantly associated with past month and year serious psychological distress among veterans only. In addition, while race/ethnicity and risk behaviors of smoking and/or binge drinking were significantly associated with distress among civilians, no such association was noted among veterans. Conclusion To the authors' knowledge, this was the first study to demonstrate that the relationship between asthma and serious psychological distress varies by veteran status. Several unique correlates among veterans were also noted. Future preventive strategies for mental health disorders should incorporate these reported differences, including that of asthma co-morbidity among veterans.
Black Manhood Training: Group Counseling for Male Blacks in Grades 7-12.

Abstract The author presents a group counseling model for promoting the development of a manhood identity among Black, male adolescents
Teaching and Learning Social Justice as an “Intellectual Community” Requirement: Pedagogical Opportunities and Student Understandings

This article describes efforts to introduce students in a first-year studies course to social justice principles with attention to the initial preparation of students for social activism. After describing the coursework and related activities, we share the findings—from observation and survey sources—associated with the initial social activism component of the course, specifically, and student learning about social justice, more broadly. Discussion of limitations and future research questions are included in the conclusion.
A C1 finite element capable of interlaminar stress continuity

Abstract This paper extends Lee and Liu's [Comput. Struct. 42 (1992) 69–78] zig-zag approach for matching tractions across material boundaries to a more traditional finite element implementation suitable for more general partial-coverage layups. Key quantities from a new C1-capable element are compared with traditional C0 elements and Pagano's analytical solution. Comparisons center around interface stresses, as might be used to predict debond of an active or passive damping treatment, and strain energy, the quantity often used to estimate damping is structures. It is shown that traction continuity is important in predicting interface stresses, but not in predicting strain energy distributions.
Optimal design of cantilevered elastica for minimum tip deflection under self-weight

The optimal distribution of material to minimize the vertical deflection of the free end of a horizontal cantilever is determined. The beam is only subjected to its own weight. Large deflections are considered, and the structure is modeled as an inextensible elastica. A minimum-area constraint is included, and is active in a region near the tip. After the problem is formulated, numerical results are obtained with the use of a shooting method. The moment of inertia is assumed to be proportional to the area or its square or cube. The results depend on this relationship, the minimum-area constraint, and a nondimensional parameter depending on the beam's density, length, and modulus of elasticity. In the numerical results presented, if the minimum area is 1/20 of the area of the uniform beam, the tip deflection for the optimal design is 78---89% smaller than that for the uniform beam. An experiment is conducted and the data are in close agreement with the numerical results.
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging, neuronavigation, and the transoral approach: considerations in adopting novel technologies to a standard surgical approach.

W t b s H C i n T “ i “ T he transoral-transpharyngeal approach to ventral craniocervical pathologies was first described by Kanaval in 1917 to remove a bullet lodged in a patient’s craniocervial junction (6). The technique has subsequently been made afer by technological developments such as microscopic techiques, improved illumination, intraoperative x-ray and fluorosopy, and antibiotics. It is the most direct approach to the entral brainstem and upper cervical spine region and has een used to treat a variety of pathologies. In cases in which dditional exposure is required, the approach may be “amplied” by palatotomy, maxillotomy, mandibulotomy, and/or lossotomy (1, 4).
Solid and Microcellular Polylactide-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

Abstract In this study, polylactide (PLA)-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites were melt-compounded using a twin-screw extruder. Solid and microcellular tensile bar specimens were produced via conventional and microcellular injection molding, respectively. Various characterization techniques were applied to study the static and dynamic mechanical properties, degree of MWCNT dispersion, cell morphology, and crystallization behavior. The addition of a small amount of MWCNTs led to a decrease in the cell size and an increase in the cell density of the microcellular PLA specimens. A transmission electron microscopy analysis of the PLA-MWCNT specimens revealed a higher degree of MWCNT dispersion in the microcellular PLA-MWCNT composite compared with its solid counterpart, indicating that the microcellular injection molding process further dispersed the MWCNTs. For both solid and microcellular specimens, the addition of 1.5 wt% MWCNTs reduced the specific strength, specific toughness and strain-a...
Linking Linkage Concepts from Diverse Fields to Build a Community-Based Tourism Planning Framework: The Case of Shuri, Japan

ABSTRACT Concepts of physical, cognitive and economic linkages have become widely accepted and applied in many fields, including cognitive psychology, planning, architectural design and marketing. Use of corridors has been implemented in wildlife management, park design, community development and transportation systems. This paper summarizes and synthesizes literature from diverse fields and applications to suggest a framework for community-based tourism using an integrated system of linkages. Discussion is structured around six spheres of tourism linkages: physical linkages, information linkages, visual linkages, transportation linkages, interpretive linkages, and promotion and economic linkages. An observational assessment of the application of these concepts is presented for the community of Shuri, Japan, with recommendations for enhancing each linkage. It is suggested that this framework be subjected to empirical analysis for its efficacy as a planning framework and its impacts on both the tourist exp...
Evidence for the generation of transaminase inhibitor(s) during ethanol metabolism by rat liver homogenates: a potential mechanism for alcohol toxicity.

Abstract Since ethanol consumption decreases hepatic aminotransferase activities in vivo , mechanisms of ethanol-mediated transaminase inhibition were explored in vitro using mitochondria-depleted rat liver homogenates. When homogenates were incubated at 37° with 50 m m ethanol for 1 hr, alanine aminotransferase decreased by 20%, while aspartate aminotransferase was unchanged. After 2 hr, aspartate aminotransferase decreased by 20% and by 3 hr, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were decreased by 31 and 23%, respectively. Levels of acetaldehyde generated during ethanol oxidation were 525 ± 47 μ m at 1 hr, 855 ± 14 μ m at 2 hr, and 1293 ± 140 μ m at 3 hr. Although inhibition of alcohol oxidation with methylpyrazole or cyanide markedly decreased ethanol-mediated transaminase inhibition, neither incubation with acetate nor generation of reducing equivalents by oxidation of lactate, malate, xylitol, or sorbitol altered the activity of either enzyme. However, semicarbazide, an aldehyde scavenger, prevented inhibition of both aminotransferases by ethanol. Moreover, incubation with 5 m m acetaldehyde for 1 hr inhibited alanine and aspartate aminotransferases by 36 and 26%, respectively. Cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, had little effect on ethanol-mediated transaminase inhibition. Thus, metabolism of ethanol by rat liver homogenates produces transaminase inhibition similar to that described in vivo and this effect requires acetaldehyde generation but not acetaldehyde oxidation. Since addition of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate to assay mixes did not reverse ethanol effects, aminotransferase inhibition does not result from displacement of vitamin B6 coenzymes.
Engineering Defect-Free Nanoporous Pd from Optimized Pd-Ni Precursor Alloy by Understanding Palladium-Hydrogen Interactions During Dealloying

Thin films of nanoporous palladium (np-Pd) were produced from binary palladium-nickel (Pd-Ni) precursor alloys. A suitable precursor alloy and a method of dealloying to yield optimum nanoporosity (average pore/ligament size of 7 nm) were developed by studying the effects of various processing parameters on final microstructure. To obtain crack-free np-Pd, a 100 nm thin film of 20 at. pct Pd (80 at. pct Ni) can be dealloyed for ~5 hours in a 1 M solution of sulfuric acid, with oleic acid and oleylamine added as surfactants. Both shorter and longer dealloying times, as well as heating, inhibit the formation of crack-free np-Pd. Stress measurements at different stages of dealloying revealed that the necessary dealloying time is determined by the diffusion-controlled corrosion reaction occurring within the thin film during dealloying. Strong interaction between hydrogen and np-Pd was reflected in the stress evolution during dealloying. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of a Ni-rich dense top layer that results from H-induced swelling during initial dealloying and permits the development of defect-free np-Pd beneath, by limiting the speed of dealloying.
Induced Optical Reflectivity By Local Variation Of Conductivity In Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Structures

Calculations based on theoretical models of metal-insulator- semiconductor structures show that moderate applied potentials may cause sufficiently large induced inversion charge carrier densities at the semiconductor surface to yield reflectivities approaching 100 percent at the insulator-semiconductor interface. Using p-type silicon as the semiconductor material, positive gate potentials up to 10 volts applied to the metal predict reflectivities from approximately 15 percent to nearly 100 percent. The dependence of doping concentration, insulator thickness and gate voltage are shown.
The IHE-Bus: a practical tool to instrument and simulate IHE deployment

The IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise) initiative provides essential guidelines for the deployment of a digital health information management environment. IHE, while not inventing new standards, creates a system-level and component-level design, based on the products of the leading standards, HL7, DICOM, and more. As such, IHE can be viewed as the "Standard of Standards". The most significant value of IHE is that vendors can work on specific components of the enterprise solution, playing one or more of the IHE actor roles. IHE defines, for each actor, its external interface to the other actors in the system. Yet, the integrator of an entire IHE solution may find this job extremely difficult. The larger the number of vendors involved in the solution, the tougher the job. The complexity of coordinating all the components to work as one coherent solution multiplies and may become intractable. IHE defines very well "what" should be done, but not "how." IHE-Bus offers a practical solution for the "how" question, with many advantages. This solution is borrowed from the business integration sphere. IHE becomes a platform, and each actor can be "plugged" into it in a simple step. New actors are independent of other actors already in the system. Missing actors can be simulated (by a "stub") until replaced with the real product in the future. Moreover, the entire IHE network is managed as a single coherent system with powerful tools encapsulating the enormous amount of knowledge and expertise deemed necessary to uphold this job.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
How to Prepare Reproducible, Homogeneous, and Hydrolytically Stable Aminosilane-derived Layers on Silica

Five functional silanes—3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (AEAPTES), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS), and N-(6-aminohexyl)aminomethyltriethoxysilane (AHAMTES)—were assessed for the preparation of hydrolytically stable amine-functionalized silica substrates. These can be categorized into three groups (G1, G2, and G3) based on the intramolecular coordinating ability of the amine functionality to the silicon center. Silanizations were carried out in anhydrous toluene as well as in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures. Aminosilane-derived layers prepared in solution are multilayers in nature, and those produced in the vapor phase have monolayer characteristics. In general, vapor-phase reactions are much less sensitive to variations in humidity and reagent purity, are more practical than the solution-phase method, and generate more reproducible results. Intramolecular catalysis by the amine fun...
A statistical analysis on the cell parameters responsible for power degradation of fielded pv modules in a hot-dry climate

One of the major factors influencing the power degradation rate of PV modules is the environmental condition of the power plant site. In a previous investigation conducted by ASU-PRL on about 1900 modules (from six different manufactures) aged between 12 and 18 years, we reported a power degradation rate ranging between 0.6%/year and 2.5% per year for the hot-dry climatic condition of Tempe, Arizona. Statistically analyzing the performance parameters (current, voltage or fill factor) responsible for the power degradation and determining the degradation modes responsible for the degradation of those performance parameters is of great importance to the industry, especially to design appropriate accelerated tests for the new modules with similar/same construction as that of the field aged modules. The statistical analysis of the results presented in this paper was obtained using the null hypothesis technique. This analysis indicates that the major degradation modes for the modules having glass/polymer construction are encapsulant discoloration (causing I sc drop) and solder bond degradation (causing FF drop due to series resistance increase).
Bank reserve requirements and monetary aggregates

The paper criticizes the traditional belief in the usefulness of reserve requirements for the control of monetary aggregates. It is shown that the efficacy of this policy tool is maintained only if the incentive it provides for financial innovations is ignored. If the relevant monetary aggregate is broader than that which is reserve-constrained, we show that reserve requirements may be counter-productive. An alternative policy involving the payment of interest on voluntarily held reserves is proposed and analyzed. It is shown that this approach has the stabilization effects attributed to reserve requirements, but without any of the latter's adverse incentives.
Recycling of spent shiitake substrate for production of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju

Pleurotus sajor-caju was produced on a basal medium containing “spent” shiitake substrate plus 10% wheat bran and 10% millet. An analysis of the fibrous composition of the spent shiitake substrate revealed that 85% of the original hemicellulose, 44% of the original cellulose and 77% of the original lignin was not consumed during production of a full crop (78% biological efficiency) of shiitake (63-day harvest period). To produce P. sajor-caju, the spent shiitake substrate was ground, air dried, supplemented, pasteurized with live steam and spawned. Highest yields (79% biological efficiency) of P. sajor-caju were obtained by supplementing the spent shiitake basal medium with 12% soybean and 1% CaCO3. Increases in percentage biological efficiency and mushroom size were positively correlated with increasing levels of CaCO3 added to the basal medium.
Anthropometric patterns in middle-aged and older rural Yucatec Maya women.

Background: Cross-cultural variation in body composition changes with age has not been fully investigated. Although studies involving anthropometric measurements of older people have been reported for some non-Westernized populations, little such research has been conducted in Latin America. Aim: This study examines patterns associated with age in anthropometric indicators among a rural Maya population in Yucatan, Mexico. Middle and older ages are included to promote a comprehensive age portrayal. Subjects and methods: Stature, weight, and six trunk and limb circumferences were collected from 60 women aged 40.8–85.6 years. Several ratios and indices were also derived. Results: Age was strongly and negatively related to all body size and adiposity measures (β from −0.422 to −0.603, p<0.001). Associations between age and ratios/indices of adipose tissue distribution were positive and not as pronounced (β from 0.280, p<0.05 to 0.429, p<0.001). Age had the largest negative influence on arm circumference, mid-...
Solid-immersion imaging interferometric nanoscopy to the limits of available frequency space.

Imaging interferometric nanoscopy (IIN) is a synthetic aperture approach offering the potential of optical resolution to the linear-system limit of optics (∼λ/4n). The immersion advantages of IIN can be realized if the object is in close proximity to a solid-immersion medium with illumination and collection through the substrate and coupling this radiation to air by a grating on the medium surface opposite the object. The spatial resolution as a function of the medium thickness and refractive index as well as the field-of-view of the objective optical system is derived and applied to simulations.
Associations among Trueperella pyogenes, endometritis diagnosis, and pregnancy outcomes in dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to evaluate three commonly used methods for endometritis diagnosis by comparing each one's association with the presence of intrauterine Trueperella pyogenes (TP) and reproductive performance. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 452) were evaluated a single time at 35 ± 3 days postpartum to diagnose endometritis on the basis of three criteria: presence of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) detected by a Metricheck device, presence of purulent uterine lavage fluid (PUL), presence of cytologic endometritis (CE) based on relative abundance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in uterine lavage fluid. A threshold of polymorphonuclear leukocytes greater than 5% was used to diagnose the occurrence of CE. Also, a swab of the uterine lavage was cultured to evaluate the presence of TP and determine its association with endometritis diagnosis criteria and pregnancy outcomes. The results showed that cows positive for TP had increased prevalence of PVD and PUL and tended to have greater prevalence of CE. Median time to pregnancy was 56 days longer, and hazard of pregnancy was 34% lower for TP-positive cows than for TP-negative cows. Presence of PUL led to a 35% lower hazard of pregnancy and 34-day-longer median time to pregnancy than cows without PUL. Likewise, cows diagnosed with PVD had a 47% lower hazard of pregnancy and 57-day-longer median time to pregnancy than cows without PVD. Cows diagnosed with CE had a 27% lower hazard of pregnancy and 42-day-longer median time to pregnancy than cows without CE. When the three different diagnostic methods were used as independent variables in a Cox's proportional hazard model that evaluated hazard of pregnancy, the variable PVD was the only statistically significant variable. Combined PUL and CE or combined PUL and PVD had no additional effects on hazard of pregnancy when compared with only PUL, only PVD, or only CE as the criterion to determine endometritis. However, combined PVD and CE had an additive detrimental effect on reproductive performance. The sensitivity and specificity of each of TP, PUL, PVD, and CE for predicting nonpregnancy at 300 days postpartum were all similar. In conclusion, TP-positive cows had impaired reproductive performance and increased likelihood of PVD and PUL. Additionally, TP-positive cows tended to have an increased prevalence of CE. Cows with PVD had the lowest reproductive performance when compared to cows with PUL or CE, suggesting that PVD at 35 days postpartum is a better criterion for the diagnosis of endometritis and reproductive failure.
Maternally transmitted histocompatibility antigen of mice: a hydrophobic peptide of a mitochondrially encoded protein.

Abstract MTF, a murine minor histocompatibility antigen, is maternally inherited and thought to be encoded by a mitochondrial gene. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes from three strains that differ in MTF Mtf β , Mtf γ , and Mtf δ ) and compared the sequences with the known, Mtf α , mitochondrial DNA sequence. We found only one site where all four genomes differed, affecting amino acid residue 6 of ND1, a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase. Incubation of non- Mtf α target cells with synthetic peptide ND1α1–17 (the first 17 amino acids of the ND1 protein of Mtf α mice) rendered them susceptible to lysis by MTF α -specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Similarly, non- Mtf β target cells were lysed by MTF β -specific CTLs after incubation with the allelic form ND1β1–17. Thus, Mtf is attributable to allelic variation at a single residue of the ND1 protein. Cells can therefore display peptides derived from mitochondrially encoded proteins, and such peptides can be histocompatibility antigens.
Increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with endurance exercise training are blunted in obese compared with lean men.

Abstract The effectiveness of endurance exercise training (without concomitant weight loss) for improving lipoprotein lipid levels in obese individuals remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lipoprotein lipid responses to endurance exercise training are affected by obesity. Healthy middle-aged and older (57 ± 2 years) lean (n = 16; body mass index [BMI], 22 to 26 kg/m2), moderately obese (n = 15; BMI, 27 to 30 kg/m2), and obese (n = 15; BMI, 31 to 37 kg/m2) men underwent a 9-month endurance exercise training program. The groups differed in the initial degree of obesity, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio (WHR), but not in age or maximal aerobic capacity (Vo2max). The obese group had lower baseline levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL2-C, and higher triglyceride (TG) levels than the lean group. Exercise training increased Vo2max to a comparable degree in lean, moderately obese, and obese groups (18%, 24%, and 18%, respectively, P
Radiation damage in undoped CsI and CsI (Tl)

Radiation damage in undoped CsI and CsI(Tl) crystals using /sup 60/Co gamma radiation for doses up to approximately 4.2*10/sup 6/ has been studied. Samples from various manufacturers were measured, ranging in size from 2.54-cm-long cylinders to a 30-cm-long block. Measurements were made on the change in optical transmission and scintillation light output as a function of dose. Although some samples showed a small change in transmission, a significant change in light output was observed for all samples. Recovery from damage was also studied as a function of time and exposure to UV light. A short-lived phosphorescence was observed in undoped CsI, similar to the phosphorescence seen in CsI(Tl). >
Interoperable Web Services for Computational Portals

Computational web portals are designed to simplify access to diverse sets of high performance computing resources, typically through an interface to computational Grid tools. An important shortcoming of these portals is their lack of interoperable and reusable services. This paper presents an overview of research efforts undertaken by our group to build interoperating portal services around a Web Services model. We present a comprehensive view of an interoperable portal architecture, beginning with core portal services that can be used to build Application Web Services, which in turn may be aggregated and managed through portlet containers.
Individual Differences in Risk Taking1

Risk taking behavior in civilian and military settings often results in unnecessary loss of life and equipment. The present research investigates the contribution of three cognitive styles (Type A., Cognitive Complexity, and GIAL) to risky behavior under varying task load conditions. The research is further concerned with uncovering possible relationships between these cognitive styles and physiological arousal (cardiovascular response) as interactive sources of risky actions. A variety of diverse and combined effects of styles on the propensity to take risks was obtained. These relationships were not generally reflected in arousal levels. In addition, the present findings support the conclusions of Streufert et al. (1983) who suggested that risk taking is primarily an effect of cognitive error. In the absence of an arousal based “thrill” finding, specific “educational” programs, based on a person's stylistic characteristics, may be possible to reduce the propensity for risky actions.
Multiple forms of C/EBP beta bind the EFII enhancer sequence in the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat.

Abstract In this report we demonstrate that C/EBP beta is a major component of three EFII DNA binding complexes, EFIIa, EFIIb, and EFIIc, which we have previously shown to specifically recognize a C/EBP consensus binding site found in the EFII enhancer sequence from the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (R. C. Sears and L. Sealy, J. Virol. 66:6338-6352, 1992). Three different forms of C/EBP beta, p42, p35, and p20, can bind the EFII DNA sequence as homodimers, and dimerization experiments show that EFIIa is a homodimer of p20 C/EBP beta, EFIIb is primarily composed of a p20/p35 heterodimer with minor amounts of p20/p42 heterodimer and p35 homodimer, and EFIIc is composed of p20 and/or p35 heterodimerized with a novel 60-kDa protein. p20 C/EBP beta is likely equivalent to the internally initiated translation product of C/EBP beta, LIP (liver inhibitor protein), described by P. Descombes and U. Schibler (Cell 67:569-579, 1991). In contrast to the low level of LIP expressed in liver, postulated to occur because of leaky ribosome scanning, we found high levels of expression of p20 C/EBP beta in fibroblasts and lymphocytes. In murine fibroblasts, p20 C/EBP beta has an extended half-life, four times longer than those of p42 and p35 C/EBP beta, which could contribute to its abundant accumulation in this cell type, even though its synthesis by leaky ribosome scanning might be inefficient. Interestingly, overexpression of either the long or short form of C/EBP beta represses EFII-mediated transcription, suggesting that another unidentified EFII transactivator(s) exists, which may be dominantly inhibited by C/EBP beta proteins, and/or that transactivation by C/EBP beta proteins requires posttranslational modifications that were lacking in the transient overexpression experiments.
Existence of Kähler–Einstein metrics and multiplier ideal sheaves on del Pezzo surfaces

We apply Nadel’s method of multiplier ideal sheaves to show that every complex del Pezzo surface of degree at most six whose automorphism group acts without fixed points has a Kahler–Einstein metric. In particular, all del Pezzo surfaces of degree 4, 5, or 6 and certain special del Pezzo surfaces of lower degree are shown to have a Kahler–Einstein metric. These existence statements are not new, but the proofs given in the present paper are less involved than earlier ones by Siu, Tian and Tian–Yau.
Epithelial Ingrowth and Glaucoma Drainage Implants

Background: The authors report four cases of conjunctival epithelial invasion into the fibrous capsule surrounding a Baerveldt glaucoma implant. All cases were associated with concurrent or recent prior scleral buckling surgery. Methods: Three patients had postoperative conjunctival wound leaks, one in the immediate postoperative period and the other two at 9 and 17 days postoperatively after release of the tube ligature. In the fourth patient, a fistulous tract developed over the implant after a first-stage insertion. Histopathologic confirmation of subconjunctival epithelialization was obtained in two of these patients. Results: Surgical revision was performed in all patients. Excision and debridement of all epithelium-lined subconjunctival tissues and extensive bipolar cautery were used in the three patients with wound leaks. Implant removal also was performed in one of these. Fistulectomy and bipolar cautery were used in the fourth patient. No recurrent wound leaks or other adverse sequelae were noted. Conclusions: Epithelial invasion of the subconjunctival space and inner bleb wall after implantation of glaucoma drainage devices can lead to breakdown of the conjunctival wound and persistent aqueous leak. Prior or concurrent scleral buckling surgery may predispose to this occurrence. Surgical revision involving epithelial debridement, cautery, and meticulous wound closure, with or without implant removal, has been used successfully in the management of this complication.
Asymptotic miss ratios over independent references

It is proven that under the assumption of independent references, the (apparently analytically and computationally intractable) expected LRU (least recently used) miss ratio with main memory size CAP can be approximated arbitrarily dosely by the (analytically and computationally tractable) expected working-set miss ratio with expected working-set size CAP, as the size of the database goes to infinity. Their common asymptotic value is given by a tractable formula involving integrals. An immediate corollary of the representation is the asymptotic independence of miss ratio from page size in the independent reference model and in some generalizations of this model. This result also has implications about the effect on miss ratio of variable or fixed partitioning of main memory, in case of multiprogramming. Furthermore, in certain database environments, we can answer the question as to how the size of main memory must vary in order to maintain the same miss ratio, when the size of the database increases. The methods of this paper are extended to give an asymptotic formula for the miss ratio under VMIN, the optimal variable-space page replacement algorithm under demand paging.
Bacterial endotoxin: effects on erythropoiesis.

Mice injected with a single, large dose of a bacterial endotoxin displayed a significant shift in erythropoiesis from the bone marrow to the spleen. Splenic granulocytopoiesis also occurred. This finding may have some bearing on the observation that endotoxin pretreated mice make a better recovery following x-irradiation than do their controls.
U.S. Energy Policy and the Nuclear Future

Thank you for inviting me to speak today. A special thanks to Behram Kursunoglu for the invitation. I would also like to acknowledge that the conference has been dedicated to the memory of Dr. Glenn Seaborg, a man who led the Department’s predecessor agency the AEC for over a decade. Glenn did a great deal to advance nuclear energy, science and technology and we all owe him a debt of gratitude. Energy, as the lifeblood of modem economies, is clearly a commodity that drives international considerations, be it security of oil supply or the global environmental consequences of energy use. The opportunity to share perspectives among international colleagues is important, and I appreciate the chance to update you on directions at the U.S. Department of Energy, particularly with respect to nuclear power and the electricity sector. As is the case in many industrial economies, we are facing an especially dynamic period in the energy sector, particularly the electricity sector, as the forces of supply and demand, deregulation, and environmental protection come together. My main focus in the energy business at DOE is in the technology arena in finding and developing those innovative technologies we will need to meet the energy and environmental demands of the next century and helping to define the appropriate role of the U.S government in meeting these challenges. have not been adequately aligned over the last decades. I consider work on this alignment to be my principal energy-related challenge in the last year of the Administration. Before returning to a more specific discussion about the alignment of our energy R&D with our policies and regulations, I would like to first examine three drivers that are shaping the “real world” for nuclear energy in the 21st century: Our tools policies, regulations and research and development -
HIV Infection, Inflammation, Immunosenescence, and Aging

Although antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection prevents AIDSrelated complications and prolongs life, it does not fully restore health. Long-term treated patients remain at higher than expected risk for a number of complications typically associated with aging, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and other end-organ diseases. The potential effect of HIV on health is perhaps most clearly exhibited by a number of immunologic abnormalities that persist despite effective suppression of HIV replication. These changes are consistent with some of the changes to the adaptive immune system that are seen in the very old (“immunosenescence”) and that are likely related in part to persistent inflammation. HIV-associated inflammation and immunosenescence have been implicated as causally related to the premature onset of other end-organ diseases. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or reversing these immunologic defects may be necessary if HIV-infected patients are to achieve normal life span.
Enhancement of Odorant-Induced Responses in Olfactory Receptor Neurons by Zinc Nanoparticles

Zinc metal nanoparticles in picomolar concentrations strongly enhance odorant responses of olfactory sensory neurons. Oneto 2-nm metallic particles contain 40–300 zinc metal atoms, which are not in an ionic state. We exposed rat olfactory epithelium to metal nanoparticles and measured odorant responses by electroolfactogram and whole-cell patch clamp. A small amount of zinc nanoparticles added to an odorant or an extracellular/intracellular particle perfusion strongly increases the odorant response in a dose-dependent manner. Zinc nanoparticles alone produce no odor effects. Copper, gold, or silver nanoparticles do not produce effects similar to those of zinc. If zinc nanoparticles are replaced by Zn +2 ions in the same concentration range, we observed a reduction of the olfactory receptor neuron odorant response. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that zinc nanoparticles are closely located to the interface between the guanine nucleotidebinding protein and the receptor proteins and are involved in transferring signals in the initial events of olfaction. Our results suggest that zinc metal nanoparticles can be used to enhance and sustain the initial olfactory events.
Fate of specific pollutants during wet oxidation and ozonation. Where do the pollutants wind up in oxidational purification processes? Here is a well documented experimental study

The ability of wet oxidation and ozonation to destroy five typical priority pollutants (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 1,2-dichloroethane, 4-nitrophenol, and dimethylphthalate) is reported. Particular attention has been paid to interpreting the batch kinetic data, exploring the influence of initial pH on ozonation and identifying and measuring the low-molecular weight organic acids produced. 28 references, 16 figures, 6 tables. (JMT)
Flexible temporal expression profile modelling using the Gaussian process

Time course gene expression experiments have proved valuable in a variety of biological studies [e.g., Chuang, Y., Chen, Y., Gadisetti, V., et al., 2002. Gene expression after treatment with hydrogen peroxide, menadione or t-butyl hydroperoxide in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 62, 6246-6254; Edwards, M.G., Sarkar, D., Klopp, R., Morrow, J.D., Weindruch, R., Prolla, T.A., 2003. Age-related impairment of the transcriptional response to oxidative stress in the mouse heart. Physiol Genomics 13, 119-127]. A general goal common to many of these time course experiments is to identify genes that exhibit different temporal expression profiles across multiple biological conditions. Such experiments are, however, often hampered by the lack of data analytical tools. Taking advantage of the great flexibility of Gaussian processes, we propose a statistical framework for modelling time course gene expression data. It can be applied to both long and short time series and also allows for multiple differential expression patterns. The method can identify a gene's temporal differential expression pattern as well as estimate the expression trajectory. The utility of the method is illustrated on both simulations and an experiment concerning the relationship between longevity and the ability to resist oxidative stress.
A capacitorless double gate DRAM technology for sub-100-nm embedded and stand-alone memory applications

A capacitorless, asymmetric double gate DRAM (DG-DRAM) technology is presented. Its double gate, thin body structure reduces dopant fluctuation effects, off-state leakage, and disturb problems. The cell's large body coefficient amplifies small gains of body potential into increased drain current. Experimental measurements of DG-DRAM were made using recessed channel SOI n-MOSFETs. No significant degradation in programming, retention, and read behavior was observed after 10/sup 11/ cycles. Cell geometry, operating voltages, and material quality should be considered for DG-DRAM in embedded and stand-alone applications. The feasibility of DG-DRAM in future high density CMOS memories depends on issues such as manufacturability, soft error reliability, and tail bit distribution.
Brillouin fiber amplifier in the depleted-pump regime

We have derived an explicit analytical expression for the gain of a Brillouin fiber amplifier operating in the depleted pump regime. The accuracy of the obtained formula is validated both numerically and experimentally.
Activation of the Abl Tyrosine Kinase in Vivo by Src Homology 3 Domains from the Src Homology 2/Src Homology 3 Adaptor Nck

The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl is tightly regulated in vivo, but the mechanisms that normally repress its activity are not well understood. We find that a construct encoding the first two Src homology 3 (SH3) domains of the Src homology 2/SH3 adaptor protein Nck can activate c-Abl in human 293T cells. A myristoylated Nck SH3 domain construct, which is expected to localize to membranes, potently activated Abl when expressed at low levels. An unmyristoylated Nck SH3 domain construct, which localizes to the cytosol and nucleus, also activated Abl but only at high levels of expression. Activation by both myristoylated and unmyristoylated Nck constructs required the C terminus of Abl; a C-terminally truncated form of Abl was not activated, although this construct could still be activated by deletion of its SH3 domain. Activation did not require the major binding sites in the Abl C terminus for Nck SH3 domains, however, suggesting that the mechanism of activation does not require direct binding to the C terminus. Activation of c-Abl by Nck SH3 domains provides a robust experimental system for analyzing the mechanisms that normally repress Abl activity and how that normal regulation can be perturbed.
Adenosine therapy at reperfusion and myocardial infarct size

w x We recently reported in this journal 1 that intravenous administration of adenosine, given immediately prior to and continuing for 2.5 h into reperfusion, failed to limit infarct size in an open-chest canine model of regional myocardial infarction. Our study was designed to investigate the ability of adenosine, one putative inhibitor of lethal reperfusion injury, to limit myocardial necrosis following a regional ischemic insult. Both lethal and nonlethal reperfusion injury have been hypothesized to exist. There is strong evidence that myocardial stunning occurs, at least in part, through oxygen-derived free radicals generated upon the onset of arterial reperfusion and therefore stunning is generally accepted to be a form of non-lethal w x reperfusion injury 2 . However, the existence of lethal reperfusion injury is more controversial. The experimental protocol used in our study included therapy with adenosine, based on the dose, route, and timing of administration used in the study of Pitarys et al. w x Ž 3 . These investigators had reported a positive effect i.e., . limitation of infarct size of therapy in a closed-chest canine model. In addition, our experimental protocol was designed to reproduce the results previously reported by Homeister et al. who showed that adenosine plus bolus administration of lidocaine, but not adenosine alone, resulted in cardioprotection in a canine model of regional w x infarction 4 . We were unable to show any limitation of infarct size as a result of intravenous adenosine administration, with or without lidocaine, in our open-chest model. Our negative results were discordant with the reports of marked limitation of infarct size in studies by Forman and w x colleagues 3 . Both openand closed-chest models have been used successfully in many different experimental laboratories to w x study the pathophysiology of ischemia and reperfusion 5 .