cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An electrochemical examination of the coordination of O2 and O−2 with a COII-macrocyclic complex in dimethylsulfoxide☆

Abstract The coordination chemistry of O2 and O−2 with the cobalt(II) complex of 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene was explored in dimethylsulfoxide by means of cyclic voltametry and rotating disk voltammetry. The complex forms a complex with O2, characterized by an association constant of 54 M−1, that is reduced at potentials more positive than the formal potential of the O2/O−2 couple because of the high affinity of the cobalt(II) complex for O−2. The possible relevance of the results to the catalytic reduction of O2 by cobalt macrocyclic complexes in aqueous media is indicated.
An interactional approach to attributional dimensions in dysphoria

To investigate the possible contributions to dysphoria of interactions among attributional dimensions, 105 freshmen and sophomores were administered the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. Analyses examined the relationship to dysphoria of (a) the traditional composite score; (b) multiple regression analyses including interactions among the various dimensions; and (c) indices of behavioral self-blame, characterological self-blame, and external blame. The results provided modest support for the specific hypothesised interactional model and, to a large extent, appeared to support the validity of the standard manner in which dysphoric attributional style is viewed. Refinements of the traditional model are suggested, involving the self-blame construct, the possible role of the stability dimension, and the relationship between controllability and positive event attributions.
Observations of Under-Ice Circulation in a Shallow Lagoon in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea

Abstract Measurements are presented of temperature, salinity and current speed and direction under a relatively smooth ice sheet in water of 5 m average depth. Mean currents under the ice at 122 cm and 323 cm above the sea floor over a 50-day period in November and December were 1.91 cm/sec and 1.34 cm/sec, respectively, in a consistent direction away from the coastline. A semidiurnal component in both the current and sea-level data was recorded. Sea-level variations of 1.2m, 10 times the semidiurnal tidal range, were recorded. The salinity of the water at the instruments increased at the rate of 0.04‰ per day which is consistent with an ice growth rate of 0.8–1.0 cm/day for sea ice of salinity 6–13‰. A computed mean shorewards current of 5.9 cm/sec had peak currents in excess of 30 cm/sec resulting from tidal and surge pumping. The existence of the shorewards current under the ice sheet was confirmed by drifter experiments but further measurements are required for full verification of the current magnitude. The implications of the work for under-ice oil spill trajectory computations is discussed.
Continued expression of H-Y antigen on male lymphoid cells resident in female (chimaeric) mice.

REJECTION of male skin grafts by female mice of the same inbred strain is due to male-specific (H-Y) antigen1,2 (review3). As the only functions so far definitely traced to the Y chromosome are concerned with sex determination, a question arises as to whether the expression of H-Y antigen on male cells is secondary to development of the male phenotype, or whether a gene (or genes) on the Y chromosome specifies H-Y antigen (either directly or under regulation of an autosomal locus) independently of other sex-related characteristics. The fact that H-Y antigen is found on all male tissues that have been tested, rather than being restricted to sex-related tissues3,4, is perhaps an indication that it is not directly concerned with the attributes of male sexuality. Its appearance on male but not on female cells might instead be a fortuitous consequence of the lack of crossing over between the X and Y chromosomes; in this case, any change in cell surface antigenicity brought about by mutation of genes on the Y chromosome would automatically be transmitted only to males.
Polarizability−Hyperpolarizability Influences upon Solvatochromism in Polychloroalkane and Polychloroalkene Media

Molecular dipole moments for 24 haloalkanes were calculated from the solvatochromic responses of three well-established Kamlet−Taft probes. For polychloroalkanes, a simple MO model requires that the apparent dipole moment (μi) of the solvent be resolved into contributory terms assigned to an unperturbed dipolar component and the composite polarizability−hyperpolarizabilities of the solvent species. The first term is related to the Kamlet−Taft π* number and the second to the Onsager reaction field parameter O(n2) in the index of refraction. An approximately constant contribution from O(n2) for most of the polychloroalkanes investigated, including three weak hydrogen bond donors (HBD), is in contrast to the regular trends in polarizability for the substituted benzenes accompanying changes in structure.
A role for WDR5 in TRA-1/Gli mediated transcriptional control of the sperm/oocyte switch in C. elegans

The hermaphrodite germline of Caenorhabditis elegans initially engages in spermatogenesis and then switches to oogenesis during late stages of larval development. TRA-1, a member of the Ci/Gli family of transcriptional repressors, plays an essential role in this switch by repressing genes that promote spermatogenesis. WDR5 proteins are conserved components of histone methyltransferase complexes normally associated with gene activation. However, two C. elegans WDR5 homologs, wdr-5.1 and wdr-5.2 are redundantly required for normal TRA-1 dependent repression, and this function is independent of their roles in histone methylation. Animals lacking wdr-5.1/wdr-5.2 function fail to switch to oogenesis at 25°C, resulting in a masculinization of germline (Mog) phenotype. The Mog phenotype is caused by ectopic expression of fog-3, a direct target of TRA-1 repression. WDR-5.1 associates with the fog-3 promoter and is required for TRA-1 to bind to fog-3 promoter. Other direct targets of TRA-1 are similarly derepressed in the double mutant. These results show that WDR5 plays a novel and important role in stabilizing transcriptional repression during C. elegans sex determination, and provide evidence that this important protein may operate independently of its established role in histone methyltransferase complexes.
Estimation of serum uric acid by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

Abstract A precise method for serum uric acid is described based on direct electrochemical oxidation in the eluate from high performance liquid chromatography. The detection limit for uric acid was found to be approximately 1 pg and accurate measurements were possible at the 100 pg level. Detailed procedures are outlined for 0.5 ml and 25 μl serum samples, the relative standard deviations being 1.7% and 1.8%, respectively, for a 6.2 mg/dl serum pool. Samples were normally deproteinized, however, the analysis can be carried out by injection of 2 μl of serum diluted 10-fold with distilled water. The proposed micro method is highly selective and eliminates the need for the enzyme preparation and/or nonspecific colorimetric reagents in common use.
Antenatal depression associated with increased risk of offspring maltreatment and psychopathology.

### Question Does maternal antenatal depression increase risk of offspring developing psychopathology, and does childhood maltreatment influence this association? ### People 120 women who had been randomly recruited into the South London Child Development Study while pregnant, and their children. 155 pregnant women were recruited initially, but 35 (22.6%) were lost to follow-up. ### Setting Inner city population, South London, UK; recruitment 1986. ### Risk factors Maternal depression (International Classification of Diseases-9) over the previous fortnight was assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule at 36 weeks of gestation, and 3 and 12 months after the birth of the baby. Current and retrospective maternal depression (Research Diagnostic Criteria) was also assessed at 4, 11 and 16 years of age, respectively. Maternal history of childhood abuse, perceived emotional security with her family of origin, and juvenile conduct symptoms were also assessed, as was family stability. Children's exposure to maltreatment (physical or sexual abuse or harsh parenting) during the previous 3 months, and lifetime exposure to physical or sexual abuse, was assessed at age 11 years using combined reports …
Bronchiolar and Large Alveolar Cell in Pulmonary Phospholipid Metabolism

The nonciliated bronchiolar cells (Clara cells) lining the terminal airways actively secrete a phospholipid. In contrast, the large alveolar epithelial cells (type II, granular pneumonocyte) are active phagocytic cells. It is proposed that the Clara cell is the main source of pulmonary phospholipid production (presumably surfactant) while the large alveolar cell is responsible for its subsequent breakdown.
Glucocorticoid-induced reduction of prostanoid synthesis in TPA-differentiated U937 cells is mainly due to a reduced cyclooxygenase activity.

Abstract The molecular mechanism of the glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of prostanoid synthesis was investigated in human monoblastoid U937 tumor cells and phorbol ester (TPA)-differentiated U937 cells. Prostanoid synthesis was inhibited in TPA-differentiated U937 cells by glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone and prednisolone, whereas aldosterone and progesterone showed no inhibitory effect. None of these methods had any influence on prostanoid secretion of undifferentiated U937 cells. Receptor binding studies revealed the presence of glucocorticoid receptors in both undifferentiated and TPA-differentiated U937 cells ( k spd ≈ 5 × 10 −9 M), however, the number of receptors per cell was increased 10-fold in TPA-differentiated U937 cells. Expression of lipocortin I and II as measured by Western blot analysis was not affected by dexamethasone. In TPA-differentiated cells, dexamethasone decreased the activities of two enzymes essential for prostanoid synthesis, cyclooxygenase and phospholipase A 2 , by 60–70% and 30%, respectively. Cells pretreated with the translation inhibitor cyclohexmide and dexamethasone showed similar cyclooxygenase and phospholipase A 2 activities as cells treated with cycloheximide alone. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the significantly decreased cyclooxygenase activity correlated with an inhibited protein synthesis. In this human macrophage-like model glucocorticoids thus interfere at least at two levels with prostanoid synthesis by inhibiting the activities of phospholipase A 2 as well as cyclooxygenase.
ECG diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with bundle branch block

The ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the setting of bundle branch block is one that most physicians find difficult and that many erroneously believe to be impossible. Two case reports of a patient with right bundle branch block and of a patient with left bundle branch block are presented to illustrate instances in which the ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction was both possible and essential. Methods for detecting ECG changes that indicate acute myocardial injury in the patient with bundle branch block are presented and applied to these cases.
Radiation Exposure during Fluoroscopic Guided Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Fluoroscopic guidance is commonly utilized during direct anterior total hip arthroplasty (DA THA). The purpose of this study was to measure patient and surgeon exposure utilizing this technique. Fifty-one consecutive patients who underwent primary DA THA by a single surgeon were prospectively studied. Fluoroscopic guidance was utilized according to an established protocol. Dose-area product (DAP) (Gy-cm 2 ) and fluoroscopy time were recorded for each case. Surgeon exposure was recorded by a dosimeter. The median DAP was 0.716Gy-cm 2 (range 0.251–1.81). Mean fluoroscopy time was 0.59minutes. Dosimeter results were 10 mrem for all procedures combined. DAP and fluoroscopy times were comparable to published values for other fluoroscopically guided hip procedures. This information may aid in setting reference dose levels for this procedure.
Computer Simulation or Real Experimentation: Is One Better for Teaching Experimental Design?:

An experimental approach to the question yields support for both methods, and an order preference.
A simple model for computer-aided optimization and design of sucker-rod pumping systems

Abstract Design or optimization of a sucker-rod pumping system requires an evaluation of the system performance under different operating conditions. The precise evaluation of the performance is a complex task. A dynamic behavior of the sucker-rod string and complex interactions between components of the system and fluids in motion have to be taken into consideration. In this paper, a simple model of a sucker-rod pumping system is presented, and performance and applications of the model are outlined. A comprehensive, mathematical model of the system accounts for fluid and rod string dynamic behavior. Approximate surface and downhole dynamometer cards, production rates, downhole and surface forces, and energy consumption of sucker-rod pumping system are simulated with high accuracy for a variety of operating conditions. The model is defined by a system of linear algebraic equations derived from the straightforward Bergeron method rather than from numerical differentiation of wave equations. Example results of modeling indicate a good agreement with field data. The model was used to optimize an existing sucker-rod pumping system. Example results indicate significant savings over unoptimized operation. The model may also have an application at the design stage of the sucker-rod system development. The outline of the design procedure with application of the new model is presented.
Use of Pharmacokinetic Data Under the FDA's Redbook II Guidelines for Direct Food Additives

Experience with food additive petitions submited after publication of the Food and Drug Administration's Redbook I (U. S. FDA, 1982) guide lines indicated a number of areas in which improvements were needed, and advances in toxicol-ogy testing during the last decade required additional rev is ions. In March 1993, the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) distributed copies of a draft of Redbook II for public comment. Since that time, revisions have been made based on comments received on the initial draft. This article describes the rationale for Redbook II guidance on the design of pharm acoki-netic studies and discusses some common problems the FDA has encountered in reviewing pharmacokine tic data submitted as part of food additive petitions. Points emphasized are that (1) pharmaco kinetic information is needed for the interpretation of toxicity studies and is most use ful when conducted before major toxicity studies, (2) the use of whole-body autoradiography is encouraged as a mea...
Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates)

Orthologous sequences of six nuclear genes were obtained for all recognized genera of New World monkeys (Primates: Platyrrhini) and outgroups to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. All methods resolved with 100% branch support genus-level relationships, except for the grouping of Aotus as a sister taxa of Cebus and Saimiri, which was supported by low bootstrap percentages and posterior probability. All approaches depict three monophyletic New World monkey families: Atelidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae; also within each family, all approaches depict the same branching topology. However, the approaches differ in depicting the relationships of the three families to one another. Maximum parsimony depicts the Atelidae and Cebidae as sister families next joined by the Pitheciidae. Conversely, likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees group families Atelidae and Pitheciidae together to the exclusion of Cebidae. Divergence time estimations using both local molecular clock and Bayesian approaches suggest the families diverged from one another over a short period of geological time in the late Oligocene-early Miocene.
Models for thermoelastic attenuation of waves in heterogeneous solids

Some one‐dimensional models of a heterogeneous solid are presented consisting of a succession of slabs with different anharmonic properties. The equation for the temperature variation in these models due to passage of a longitudinal elastic wave can be solved exactly in the approximation of weak attenuation. The solutions are given in terms of the forced oscillation plus the temperature wave solutions to the homogeneous equation needed to match the boundary conditions of continuity of temperature and thermal current. Thermoelastic attenuation due to this temperature variation is compared to that of Zener’s classical approach. For periodic arrangement of slab properties or upon use of Zener’s boundary condition of vanishing thermal current, the temperature‐wave approach reproduces Zener‐type attenuation. However, a succession of slabs with a random, uncorrelated distribution of the Gruneisen constant leads to a new result with attenuation proportional to the three‐halves power of the wave frequency in the ...
Heart Failure Research Continues to Reveal the Flaws in Nature’s Unintelligent Design

Current therapy of patients with systolic heart failure focuses on protecting the patient from the chronic activation of hemodynamic reflexes that are activated by decreased tissue perfusion. The same renin-angiotensin, aldosterone, and adrenergic agonists that work in concert to dynamically regulate salt and water homeostasis and tissue perfusion throughout life become the cause of tissue edema, cardiac remodeling, and disease progression in the setting of impaired cardiac function. Although these and other regulators of cardiovascular homeostasis are complex and “highly evolved,” their pathophysiologic role in heart failure points out a design flaw of nature. From the point of view of an evolutionary biologist, this arguably “unintelligent design” flaw can be recognized as a consequence of natural selection. Survival of individuals with the ability to dynamically regulate cardiac output, regional blood flow, and salt and water homeostasis in a stressful environment favors a robust neurohormonal system. Although less obvious, it seems reasonable to argue that the now clearly recognized deleterious effects of the neurohormonal response to decreased cardiac function would exert significant negative selection pressure. This latter argument is based on the fact that cardiac injury is rare before reproduction. Fortunately, years of inspired research have unraveled these design flaws, and pharmacological agents have been developed for heart failure patients to protect them from this example of “nature gone bad.” Thank God!? Article p 2930 The story of serum response factor (SRF), highlighted in a study by Parlakian et al in this issue of Circulation ,1 illustrates how another of nature’s marvelously complex but flawed designs can contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. SRF is a transcription factor in the MADS family, which derives its name from the conserved nature of the basic structure of this DNA binding protein across diverse species: M CM-1 from yeast, A gamous and …
Experimental Infection of Neonatal Calves with Neurovirulent Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1.3

A type of bovine herpesvirus, BHV- 1.3, causes encephalitis in calves, whereas BHV- 1.1 causes respiratory disease. Three colostrum-deprived calves and two colostrum-fed calves were inoculated with BHV- 1.3 by intranasal aerosolization. Two colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated with BHV- 1.1 by intranasal aerosolization. BHV- 1.3-inoculated calves demonstrated severe encephalitis with minimal respiratory lesions, and BHV- 1.1 -inoculated calves demonstrated severe respiratory lesions and no clinical signs of neurologic disease. Calves fed colostrum that contained virus neutralizing antibodies were protected against neurologic disease. Colostrum-fed BHV- 1.3-inoculated calves did not develop disease although they did become infected; virus was shed in respiratory secretions for 10-1 3 days postinoculation, similar to infected colostrum-deprived calves. BHV- 1.3 was reactivated from a latent state from one colostrum-fed calf after administration of dexa- methasone 60 days postinoculation. Histopathologic examination of the three colostrum-deprived BHV- 1.3- inoculated calves revealed severe lesions of encephalitis. One of the two BHV- 1.1-inoculated calves had one focal lesion of encephalitis. Virus was isolated from brain tissue of colostrum-deprived BHV- 1.3-inoculated calves and from one BHV- 1.1 -inoculated calf. Immunohistochemical staining for BHV- 1 antigen was observed in neurons from the colostrum-deprived BHV- 1.3-inoculated calves. Viruses known to cause encephalitis in cattle include rabies, pseudorabies, and malignant catarrhal fever. Natural outbreaks of meningoencephalitis due to bo- vine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) have been reported, as have experimental infections using viruses isolated from these ~~tbreak~.~,~.~J ~J~.~~,~~
Malignant hypertension with thrombotic microangiopathy and persistent acute kidney injury (AKI)

Two cases of malignant hypertension presenting with acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia are presented. In both patients a prolonged duration of renal replacement therapy was required. The plasma levels of ADAMTS13 enzyme were not helpful in delineating the precise pathogenesis in both cases, as the decrements were not severe. We discuss the clinic-pathologic correlation of the biopsy findings and persistence of AKI.
Adhesive bonding via exposure to variable frequency microwave radiation

Adhesive bonding through the application of variable frequency microwave (VFM) radiation has been evaluated as an alternative curing method for joining composite materials. The studies showed that the required cure time of a thermosetting epoxy adhesive is substantially reduced by the use of VFM when compared to conventional (thermal) curing methods. Variable frequency microwave processing appeared to yield a slight reduction in the required adhesive cure time when compared to processing by the application of single frequency microwave radiation. In contrast to the single frequency processing, the variable frequency methodology does not readily produce localized overheating (burnt or brown spots) in the adhesive or the composite. This makes handling and location of the sample in the microwave oven less critical for producing high quality bonds and allows for a more homogeneous distribution of the cure energy. Variable frequency microwave processing is a valuable alternative method for rapidly curing thermoset adhesives at low input power levels.
Psychoses complicating childbearing

. 1· ;;e:r~~d~~~i~u:£ ~~~r::~o~~ t~~s~~~;:~t :;t;~::i~~b;;:;; i:s4;0e~~ 1 in 1,192. The average of the different ratios cited for Queen Charlotte's Hospital, the Rotunda Hospital in Dublin, Ireland generally, and listed by DeForest, Langdon, Frumkes, Armstrong-Jones, and Partridge is 1 in 858. In other words, of every 858 women who enter the cycle of reproduction, one is likely to become psychotic during the period beginning with conception and ending with lactation. On first thought one might be inclined to dismiss this ratio as being so small as to depict a possibility which need cause little concern. After all, a percentage incidence of slightly more than 0.1 per cent is hardly great enough to merit consideration! We will, nevertheless, pause for a moment of consideration. In the first place these figures represent, for the most part, only those patients 'vho arc sufficiently abnormal mentally to have been noticed by the non= psychiatric observer. In the second place, a good many of the so-called psychotic developments of pregnancy do not manifest themselves until some time after delivery, so that the connection may not be recognized. As a result of these two factors, many of the less spectacular mental states and a number of those which develop postpartum probably do not contribute to the ratio I have given. Consequently, the percentage incidence probably may be assumed to be higher than 0.1 per cent. Let us view the situation from a somewhat different angle. Cole says that 7.5 per cent of all female psychoses are associated with reproduction. DeLee places the figure at 10 to 18 per cent. The State of New York attributes 3 or 4 per cent of its total female state hospital admissions to childbearing. Zilboorg reports that of 10,000 psychotic women, the psyehoses were incidental to pregnancy and its sequelae in 8.7 per cent. Stone and Karnosh found a similar association in 5.5 per cent of 1,604 psychotic women. If we roughly average these percentages, we obtain a result of 8.9 per cent. It may be said, then, that of all females who suffer from psychoses of various sorts, almost 9 per cent develop their mental disorders in connection with the reproductive experience. That 9 per cent, it seems to me, places a problem squarely in the laps of obstetricians. Since an appreciable proportion of the psychotic female population develops its mental disturbances while under the observation of the
Profiles of wisdom among emerging adults: Associations with empathy, gratitude, and forgiveness

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine multidimensional profiles of wisdom among emerging adults. We expected individuals who displayed deeper perspective across multiple dimensions of wisdom to also report greatest adjustment in reports of empathy, gratitude, and forgiveness. Two hundred and sixty-three undergraduate students reported dispositional empathy, gratitude, and forgiveness. Participants also responded to situational vignettes concerning gratitude and forgiveness. Wisdom was measured by coding written advice to hypothetical dilemmas. Cluster analyses supported four wisdom profiles: ‘Procedure-Focused,’ emphasizing methods for addressing challenges; ‘Fact-Focused,’ accentuating factual knowledge; ‘Shallow Perspective,’ showing less perspective across all dimensions; and ‘Deep Perspective,’ showing greater perspective across all dimensions. Participants in the ‘Shallow Perspective’ profile reported less empathy than those in the ‘Deep Perspective’ and ‘Procedure-Focused’ profi...
Outcomes after endoscopic versus surgical therapy for early esophageal cancers in an older population

Background and Aims Endoscopic treatment of early esophageal cancer provides an alternative to esophagectomy, which older patients may not tolerate. Population-based data regarding short-term outcomes and recurrence after endoscopic treatment for esophageal cancer are limited. We compared short-term outcomes, treated recurrence, and survival after endoscopic versus surgical therapy for early esophageal cancers in an older population. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study identifying patients aged ≥66 years with Tis or T1a tumors without nodal involvement diagnosed from 1994 to 2011 from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Results Of 2193 patients, 41% (n = 893) underwent esophagectomy, and 12% (n = 255) underwent endoscopic treatment within 6 months of diagnosis. Those treated endoscopically were older and more likely to have a Charlson comorbidity score ≥2. A composite endpoint, hospitalization and/or adverse events at 60 days, was higher in surgical patients than in the endoscopic treatment group (30% vs 12%; P Conclusions In this older population, a composite short-term endpoint was worse in the surgical group. Endoscopic treatment was associated with improved survival through 2 years. These results suggest that endoscopic treatment is a reasonable approach for early esophageal cancers in the elderly.
The effect of viscose rayon ribers on lung function in rats.

Experiments have been performed to determine the effect of viscose rayon fibers upon the pulmonary mechanics of a group of rats. Daily intratracheal injection of synthetic fiber suspension for 20 days produced an increase in index of alveolar pressure and a decrease in tidal volume, respiratory rate, and minute volume. In control animals there was no significant change in pulmonary function after intratracheal injection of normal saline. Comparison of the values after the first exposure of rayon fibers with those after intra tracheal injection of histamine did not show significant difference except in higher respiratory rate after histamine. In both exposed and control groups, infection was present when the animals were killed at the end of the experiment. The significant changes in lung function in control animals with approximately the same histological findings indicated that the changes in dust-exposed animals were mostly related to the rayon fibers.
Para-hydroxyphenylacetic and homovanillic acid excretion: variation during growth and in cystic fibrosis and other pulmonary diseases.

The urinary excretion of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) was investigated using a more accurate method than that used in earlier series. It was found that HPA is excreted in large amounts in infancy, declining to adult values during childhood. Increased urinary concentrations were found in many, but not all, patients with cystic fibrosis. This confirms earlier reports of the association of cystic fibrosis and HPA excretion, but emphasizes that some patients do not have this abnormality. Furthermore, this phenolic acid was found in excess in three patients with confirmed or suspected tuberculosis and one patient with intralobar sequestration of the lung; in the last patient, removal of the malformation resulted in a decline of HPA excretion to normal levels. No abnormality of HPA excretion was found in association with a limited number of other pulmonary diseases. It is the opinion of the authors that the cause of elevated HPA excretion in cystic fibrosis remains obscure, although a relationship to the pulmonary component of the disease is implicated. Homovanillic acid (HVA) excretion was shown to decrease with age. Normal values were defined. Patients with cystic fibrosis did not have increased excretion of this acid.
A unified formulation for guided-wave propagation in multi-layered mixed anisotropic-isotropic hybrid aerospace composites

A unified approach was formulated to predict guided-wave propagation in a material regardless its degree of anisotropy, thereby having one solution method for both isotropic and anisotropic material. The unified approach was based on the coupled eigenvalue problem derived from Chirstoffels equation for a lamina. The eigenvalue problem yielded a set of eigenvalues, and corresponding eigenvectors that were used to obtain the stress-displacement matrix. The dispersion curves were obtained by applying the traction free boundary conditions to the stress-displacement matrix, and searching for sign changes in the complex determinant of the matrix. To search for sign changes, hence the velocity-wavenumber pairs which yielded a solution to the problem, the real and imaginary part of the complex determinant had to change sign simultaneously. A phase angle approach was, therefore, developed and successfully applied. A refinement algorithm was applied to refine the accuracy of the solution without increasing the computational time significantly. A high accuracy was required to calculated the correct partial-wave participation factors. The obtained partial-wave participation factors were used to calculate the modeshape through the thickness for each velocity-wavenumber pair. To identify the different wave types, A0, S0, SHS0, SHA0, a modeshape identification was applied successfully. The unified approach was evaluated for hybrid aerospace composites. In addition, the two most common solution methods: (i) the global matrix method; and (ii) the transfer matrix method were applied, and a comparative study between the different methods was performed.
Lysis of cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts and transformed human cells by peripheral blood lymphoid cells from normal human donors.

SummaryPeripheral blood leukocytes from 14 healthy, nonimmune, human donors were capable of destroying CMV-in-fected human fibroblasts, but non unin-fected fibroblasts. Antibody did not appear to mediate the response. Cytotoxicity in a similar range was noted when three transformed human cell lines were used as target cells. Unlike adult leukocytes, leukocytes separated from three samples of cord blood were ineffective in destroying CMV-in-fected target cells.We thank Dr. Roberto Kretschmer for providing cord blood and Ricki Peitchel for technical assistance.
Experimental study of a momentum-based method for identifying the inertia barycentric parameters of a human body

Physical modeling, simulation and analysis of an individual human body require inertia properties of the body segments of the human. Such subject-specific inertia data can be obtained only by measuring the individual human body as opposed to be derived from statistically generated anthropometric database. This paper presents experimental validation of a momentum-based approach for identifying the barycentric parameters of an individual human body which fully describes the inertia properties of the human. The identification algorithm is derived from the impulse–momentum equations of the human body which is assumed to be a multibody system with tree-type topology. Since the impulse–momentum equations are linear in terms of the unknown barycentric parameters, these parameters can be solved from the equations using a least-squares method. The approach does not require measuring or estimating accelerations and joint forces/torques because they do not appear in the impulse–momentum equations, and thus, the resulting identification procedure is less demanding on measurement data than the methods derived from the equations of motion. In this paper the test results of the identification method are validated by comparing the identified inertia parameters against the statistically established anthropometric data. Additionally, the identification results are also confirmed by comparing the contact forces using inverse dynamics to those obtained by forces plates.
An efficient method to locate all the load flow solutions - revisited

In this paper we revisit and revise the method of Ma and Thorp [1] for computing all the real-valued solutions to the power flow equations. In a prior work we presented a counterexample to their algorithm [2]. Here we review the general topologically-inspired approach they proposed to trace between solutions assuming one solution is known. We offer a revision to the method by transforming the equations in such a way that all traces are bounded and all traces emanating from a known solution are explored. Results show that the revised method finds all real-valued solutions for power system problems reported in the literature for which all solutions are provably known, including the counterexample in [2].
Advancing Conservation by Understanding and Influencing Human Behavior

Behavioral sciences can advance conservation by systematically identifying behavioral barriers to conservation and how to best overcome them. Behavioral sciences have informed policy in many other realms (e.g., health, savings), but they are a largely untapped resource for conservation. We propose a set of guiding questions for applying behavioral insights to conservation policy. These questions help define the conservation problem as a behavior change problem, understand behavioral mechanisms and identify appropriate approaches for behavior change (awareness, incentives, nudges), and evaluate and adapt approaches based on new behavioral insights. We provide a foundation for the questions by synthesizing a wide range of behavior change models and evidence related to littering, water and energy conservation, and land management. We also discuss the methodology and data needed to answer these questions. We illustrate how these questions have been answered in practice to inform efforts to promote conservation for climate risk reduction. Although more comprehensive research programs to answer these questions are needed, some insights are emerging. Integrating two or more behavior change approaches that target multiple, context-dependent factors may be most successful; however, caution must be taken to avoid approaches that could undermine one another (e.g., economic incentives crowding out intrinsic incentives).
THE HISTORICAL COURSE OF THE CHINA'S SOCIALIST MODERNIZATION AND THE MODERN IZATION OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY ITSELF

The difficult course and tremendous ach ie vement of the construction of the China's socialist modernization show that und er the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party China can realize its socialist modernization. And it is only under the leadership of the Party China can realize its socialist modernization. However, there still exist many unfavorable factors suppressing, hindering and holding up the course of the so cialist modernization. Being the leader and organizer of the construction of th e socialist modernization, the Chinese Communist Party must keep pace with the t imes and strengthen the construction of its own modernization.
An Algorithm for Computing the Smallest-Area Enclosing Rectangle of Spatial Geometric Object(s)

In this paper,a new algorithm is given for computing the smallest-area enclosing rectangle of points,lines and polygons.First,the problem of calculating the smallest-area enclosing rectangle for points, lines and polygons is converted to the problem of computing the smallest-area enclosing rectangle for their convex hull.Secondly,the four points of the rectangle for a convex hull are computed by geometric computation.The computation of many angles of rotation and coordinate transformations is avoided in order to improve the precision.Finally,the new algorithm is verified with some examples.
GENERALIZED NONLINEAR VARIATIONAL INCLUSION SYSTEMS INVOLVING COCOERCIVELY MONOTONE MAPPINGS

Using the notion of the H-monotonicity (also referred to as H-maximal monotonicity in literature), the solvability of a system of nonlinear variational inclusion problems involving cocoercively monotone mappings (that unifies most of the existing notions relating to the strong monotonicity and beyond) based on the resolvent operator technique is explored. The obtained results are general in nature.
Peer Review at JGIM

S cientific peer review is imperfect, and efforts to improve the process have had limited impact. For example, concealing reviewer or author identity, using a statistical checklist, or training referees has yielded mixed results at best. However, until new approaches (e.g. post-publication review) are tried and evaluated, peer review remains the scientific community’s primarymechanism for ensuring editorial quality and principal bulwark against error. JGIM’s approach to editorial review is not dissimilar from that employed by our peer publications. We use a three-stage process, and at each stage we ask of the research, Bis it new, is it true, and will it change practice.^ First, the co-editors in chief and senior associate editor evaluate manuscripts for fit and potential impact. Manuscripts that pass this initial bar are sent to a deputy editor for a secondary, in-depth review. A subset of these manuscripts are sent on for peer review. We ask peer reviewers to do three things: first, identify scientific strengths and deficiencies; second, assess impact on the field of general internal medicine; and third, help authors convey their ideas with greater clarity. We are biased, of course, but we think that as a group, JGIM peer reviewers are exceptionally conscientious at accomplishing these tasks. While we ask reviewers to make recommendations regarding acceptance, we are mindful of the unreliability of this process and use these recommendations as only one element in what is ultimately an editorial decision. Many good papers are returned to authors with regrets, and no doubt we reject some potentially important and impactful work. Peer reviewers, editors, and the editorial process are all fallible.We are grateful to authors who continue to submit to the journal, hoping that we finally get it right. JGIM would like to thank the many talented people who have volunteered their time to serve as peer reviewers for the journal over the past 12 months. In 2015–2016, 795 reviewers provided a total of 957 reviews with a mean quality score of 4.4 on a scale of 1–6 (as judged by our JGIM deputy editors). Of these, 154 provided at least two reviews, and 8 provided three or more. We are indebted to them for their service. Among this group of dedicated peer reviewers, there is a group that stands out. These top peer reviewers performed at least two reviews between July 2015 and June 2016, returned all reviews within 30 days, and received a quality score of 4 or greater (out of a maximum score of 6) on all reviews. An asterisk identifies the 88 reviewers who meet these criteria. We congratulate them on their service to the academic community and thank them for their efforts on behalf of the journal.
Inherited Pain Syndromes and Ion Channels

Individuals rely on the perception of pain to avoid injury, to signal disease, and to warn about tissue inflammation and damage. However, the inheritance of inappropriate, extreme, or inadequate pain production is a source of significant human suffering. Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of pain through the study of individuals and families with several specific inherited pain syndromes. These studies have led to the discovery of a number of gene mutations associated with specific ion channel disturbances that produce familial inherited pain sensitivity and insensitivity syndromes. The sodium channel has been identified as the primary determinant of most of these syndromes. This article focuses on the inherited pain syndromes and their corresponding ion channel mutations. There is hope that through continued research into these ion channels and pain syndromes, targeted drug therapy would be fruitful and beneficial to those afflicted.
Nitric oxide: what’s new to NO?

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the critical components of the vasculature, regulating key signaling pathways in health. In macrovessels, NO functions to suppress cell inflammation as well as adhesion. In this way, it inhibits thrombosis and promotes blood flow. It also functions to limit vessel constriction and vessel wall remodeling. In microvessels and particularly capillaries, NO, along with growth factors, is important in promoting new vessel formation, a process termed angiogenesis. With age and cardiovascular disease, animal and human studies confirm that NO is dysregulated at multiple levels including decreased production, decreased tissue half-life, and decreased potency. NO has also been implicated in diseases that are related to neurotransmission and cancer although it is likely that these processes involve NO at higher concentrations and from nonvascular cell sources. Conversely, NO and drugs that directly or indirectly increase NO signaling have found clinical applications in both age-related diseases and in younger individuals. This focused review considers recently reported advances being made in the field of NO signaling regulation at several levels including enzymatic production, receptor function, interacting partners, localization of signaling, matrix-cellular and cell-to-cell cross talk, as well as the possible impact these newly described mechanisms have on health and disease.
The impact of comorbidity and PSA doubling time on the risk of death in men experiencing PSA failure following radiation therapy with or with androgen deprivation therapy for unfavorable-risk prostate cancer.

The impact of comorbidity and PSA doubling time on the risk of death in men experiencing PSA failure following radiation therapy with or with androgen deprivation therapy for unfavorable-risk prostate cancer
Vibration analysis of discrete parameter systems using fractional order models

This study explores the use of fractional differential equations to model the vibration of single (SDOF) and multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) discrete parameter systems. In particular, we explore methodologies to simulate the dynamic response of discrete systems having non-uniform coefficients (that is, distribution of mass, damping, and stiffness) by using fractional order models. Transfer functions are used to convert a traditional integer order model into a fractional order model able to match, often times exactly, the dynamic response of the active degree in the initial integer order system. Analytical and numerical results show that, under certain conditions, an exact match is possible and the resulting differential models have both frequency-dependent and complex fractional order. The presented methodology is practically equivalent to a model order reduction technique that is able to match the response of non-uniform MDOF systems to a simple fractional single degree of freedom (F-SDOF) systems. The implications of this type of modeling approach will be discussed.
Mammography use, incidence, and survival of primary breast lymphoma.

e13087Background: Breast lymphoma is rare and, unlike in carcinoma, surgery is not the primary treatment modality, so early detection may not contribute to survival. Caon et al. (Clin Breast Cancer 2012) reported that 85% of aggressive lymphomas are diagnosed by a palpable mass, while 56% of indolent subtypes, by mammography. Our objective was to compare incidence, clinical features, and survival of breast lymphomas according to prevalence of screening mammography. Methods: From the United States SEER registry, we selected primary breast lymphomas diagnosed in 2000-2013 among women ≥40 years old, distinguishing DLBCL, marginal zone (MZL), follicular (FL), and other histologies. Mammography use in county of residence was expressed as % of women ≥40 years old with a mammogram in past 2 years, estimated from the National Cancer Institute’s small-area models. We calculated incidence rates (IR) for each county, and compared them in a Poisson model (with 95% confidence intervals, CI). Head and neck (H&N) lympho...
O-030 Aspiration catheter with extension tip exhibits improved suction

Introduction/Purpose Effective suction to M2 and beyond during acute stroke thrombectomy is challenging to ensure and essential to the timely removal of thrombus. We report significant increases in aspiration catheter performance utilizing a new nozzle-tip device design. Materials and Methods 10 commercially available aspiration catheters, between 3 and 6 Fr, were compared with 5 Fr and 6 Fr prototype devices for fluid flow rate and suction force. A constant vacuum was supplied by a portable aspiration pump common to the clinical environment. Results The nozzle-tip prototype, the Mi-R4Q, outperformed all comparable commercially available catheters. The 5 Fr Mi-R4Q prototype sustained a flow rate 24.7% greater than the next best aspiration catheter within 0.10 mm of the same tip ID, and retained 15.7% more of the supplied vacuum. The 6 Fr Mi-R4Q prototype sustained a flow rate 21.9% greater than the next best aspiration catheter within 0.03 mm of the same tip ID, and retained 15.9% more of the supplied vacuum. An in-vitro simulated ADAPT procedure yielded promising subjective data on the ease of use and reduction in complexity attained with use of the Mi-R4Q. Conclusion The Mi-R4Q demonstrates a substantial increase in aspiration catheter capability by applying known relationships in Fluid Dynamics to more effectively convey vacuum and aspirate fluid than anything else currently on the market. Simulated use validates effectiveness of design and paves the way for in-vivo study. Disclosures A. Halaszyn: 1; C; MIVI Neuroscience Inc. A. Berenstein: 6; C; MIVI Neuroscience Inc.. T. Shigematsu: None. P. Coletti: None.