cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cocaine and Metabolite Excretion in Saliva under Stimulated and Nonstimulated Conditions

The accessibility of saliva for rapid, nonlnveelve sampling makes It an attractlve blologlcel fluld for detectlng drug use. However, llttle Is known about sallvary excratlon patterns of the major cocalne metabolltes, benzoylecgonlne (BE) and ecgonlne methyl ester (EME). Addltlonally, there Is a general lack of Informstlon on the effects of sallvary collecUon condltlons on cocelne excretion In sallva. Thls study documents the profile of cocaine and metabolltee In human sallva under stlmulated and nonstlmulated sallva flow condltlons. Saliva samples were obtained perlodlcally from six healthy volunteers who were administered three, equally spaced, slngle Intravenous doses of 25 mg of cocelne durlng a 6-h test seeslon. On dlfferent days, whole sallva was obtained either under nonstlmulated or stlmulated (sour candy) conditions. The samples were analyzed for cocalne and metabolites by GCIMS. Cocaine, BE, and EME were detected and quantitated In the saliva of all subjects. Cocaine was the predominant analyte identified in all samples. Nonstimulated saliva contalned substantially more drug than stimulated samples. The ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) of cocalne in nonstlmulated saliva to that of stimulated saliva was varlable and ranged from 3.0 to 9.5. The AUC ratlos of BE and EME were similar to those observed for cocalne. The lowering of cocalne concentratlon In saliva In the stimulated flow condltlon was likely due to an increase In sallva pH assoclated with Increased sallva flow rate; it Is known that an increase in saliva pH retards cocalne partitioning Into this blologlcal fluid. Generally, the results of this study indicated that cocaine is the predomlnant analyte In saliva and that concentratlons of cocaine and metabolltes can be influenced substantially by the method of collectlon. These factors should be taken Into account In the deslgn of sallva tests for detection of cocaine exposure.
Ethanol induction of CYP2A5: role of CYP2E1-ROS-Nrf2 pathway.

Chronic ethanol consumption was previously shown to induce CYP2A5 in mice, and this induction of CYP2A5 by ethanol was CYP2E1 dependent. In this study, the mechanisms of CYP2E1-dependent ethanol induction of CYP2A5 were investigated. CYP2E1 was induced by chronic ethanol consumption to the same degree in wild-type (WT) mice and CYP2A5 knockout (Cyp2a5 –/–) mice, suggesting that unlike the CYP2E1-dependent ethanol induction of CYP2A5, ethanol induction of CYP2E1 is not CYP2A5 dependent. Microsomal ethanol oxidation was about 25% lower in Cyp2a5 –/– mice compared with that in WT mice, suggesting that CYP2A5 can oxidize ethanol although to a lesser extent than CYP2E1 does. CYP2A5 was induced by short-term ethanol consumption in human CYP2E1 transgenic knockin (Cyp2e1 –/– KI) mice but not in CYP2E1 knockout (Cyp2e1 –/–) mice. The redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was also induced by acute ethanol in Cyp2e1 –/– KI mice but not in Cyp2e1 –/– mice. Ethanol induction of CYP2A5 in Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2 –/–) mice was lower compared with that in WT mice, whereas CYP2E1 induction by ethanol was comparable in WT and Nrf2 –/– mice. Antioxidants (N-acetyl-cysteine and vitamin C), which blocked oxidative stress induced by chronic ethanol in WT mice and acute ethanol in Cyp2e1 –/– KI mice, also blunted the induction of CYP2A5 and Nrf2 by ethanol but not the induction of CYP2E1 by ethanol. These results suggest that oxidative stress induced by ethanol via induction of CYP2E1 upregulates Nrf2 activity, which in turn regulates ethanol induction of CYP2A5. Results obtained from primary hepatocytes, mice gavaged with binge ethanol or fed chronic ethanol, show that Nrf2-regulated ethanol induction of CYP2A5 protects against ethanol-induced steatosis.
Analysis of the Foxp3/Scurfin Gene in Crohn's Disease

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease typified by transmural inflammation affecting any part of the gastrointestinal tract. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) play important roles in intestinal homeostasis. Adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells into mice with chronic colitis prevented inflammation and reappearance of normal intestinal architecture. The Foxp3 gene encodes a protein that is a member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators and is involved in the regulation of T cell activation. Mutation of Foxp3 gene may lead to development of autoimmune disease and inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Foxp3 gene in CD patients and assessed allele and genotype frequencies in 93 patients with Crohn's disease (61 female and 32 male), 82 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (all female), and 108 normal controls (51 female and 57 male). We found that 3 SNPs (-6054, -/ATT; -3279, A/C; -924, A/G) in the promoter region and 1 SNP (IVS9+459, T/C) in the intron 9 region existed in CD patients. No significant differences of allele and genotype frequencies of all four SNPs were observed between CD patients and controls (both female and male groups). However, there was a significance difference of the comparison between PBC patients and controls in the IVS9+459 SNP. These data indicate that SNPs of the Foxp3 gene are not significantly associated with CD but are associated with PBC.
Strategies for Adapting Science Textbooks for Youth with Learning Disabilities

In This paper we offer a rationale for modifying textbooks for youth with learning disabilities who are included in general education classes. We then review research carried out recently at the university of washington having to do with four adaptation approaches: study guides, graphic organizers, vocabulary drill, and computer-assisted instruction. We then offer suggestions for selecting one approach or the other—that is, when conditions suggest that one technique would be more suitable than the others. Relatedly, we make specific recommendations for involving general education teachers in the process of adapting textbooks. Finally, we make a few suggestions for assisting pupils to gain access to information from textbooks when they are in classes managed by teachers who are either unwilling or unable to adapt textbooks.
Stat4 limits DNA methyltransferase recruitment and DNA methylation of the IL-18Rα gene during Th1 differentiation

Stat4 is required for Th1 development, although how a transiently activated factor generates heritable patterns of gene expression is still unclear. We examined the regulation of IL-18Rα expression to define a mechanism for Stat4-dependent genetic programming of a Th1-associated gene. Although Stat4 binds the Il18r1 promoter following IL-12 stimulation and transiently increases acetylated histones H3 and H4, patterns of histone acetylation alone in Th1 cells may not be sufficient to explain cell-type-specific patterns of gene expression. The level of DNA methylation and recruitment of Dnmt3a to Il18r1 inversely correlate with IL-18Rα expression, and blocking DNA methylation increases IL-18Rα expression. Moreover, there was decreased Il18r1–Dnmt3a association and DNA methylation following transient trichostatin A-induced histone hyperacetylation in Stat4−/−Th1 cultures. Increased association of Dnmt3a and the Dnmt3a cofactor Dnmt3L with the promoters of several Stat4-dependent genes was found in Stat4−/− Th1 cultures, providing a general mechanism for Stat4-dependent gene programming. These data support a mechanism wherein the transient hyperacetylation induced by Stat4 prevents the recruitment of DNA methyltransferases and the subsequent repression of the Il18r1 locus.
Looking Beyond India: Factors that Shape the Global Outsourcing Decisions of Small and Medium Sized Companies in America

A number of developing countries are attempting to capture a piece of the rapidly growing offshore software development market, yet little is known concerning why an American firm may elect to work with a provider in one of these aspiring countries rather than in an offshore IT superpower such as India. This article examines the global outsourcing decisions of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), a sector that is increasingly looking offshore to fulfill its software development needs. The article is based on a study conduced between November 2001 and February 2002 involving structured interviews with eighteen companies and experts that have outsourced software development work to countries other than India. The responses were compared to the existing literature on the decision processes of large firms and the outsourcing experiences of firms that choose providers in India. The study revealed fourteen factors that influenced the decisions of these SMEs: cost savings, personal connection, US presence, critical mass of skilled technical professionals, project management skills and quality certification, language and culture, western business savvy and practices, intellectual property rights protection, regulatory environment, telecommunications infrastructure, physical infrastructure, time zone difference, political stability and diversification, and country image. Price savings is the primary catalyst driving the outsourcing decisions of these SMEs, just as it is with large firms. However, because the software development process of these SMEs is typically not as sophisticated, they rely more heavily on a wide range of non-technical, or human, factors to achieve their outsourcing objectives. Most notably, these SMEs typically found their outsourcing providers through foreign nationals employed in their firms, and instead of CMM, required the sort of close cooperation that can only be sustained when client and provider can communicate frequently and resolve problems as they arise without interference from language barriers or cultural incompatibilities. US-based intermediaries representing one or more offshore providers have proliferated to cater to these firms. Time zone differences are more of an obstacle than an advantage. Countries that can tap their overseas populations for their personal connections and expertise in western business practices should have a competitive advantage in building successful offshore software development industries. This is especially relevant as client companies in America seek to diversify their outsourcing relationships in order to reduce their dependency on any single country.
Superficial scald susceptibility and α-farnesene metabolism in ‘Bartlett’ pears grown in California and Washington

‘Bartlett’ pears grown in northern California (CA) consistently show development of the physiological storage disorder superficial scald, particularly after prolonged storage of 4–5 months in air. In contrast, fruit of this cultivar grown in central Washington (WA) are typically less susceptible to scald, exhibiting mild or no symptoms. Conjugated triene (CT) oxidation products of the sesquiterpene -farnesene are thought to play a key role in scald induction in apples and pears. This study compared accumulation of farnesene and its CT products in peel tissue of CA- and WA-grown ‘Bartlett’ pears during air storage at −1 ◦ C in relation to scald development after transfer to 20 ◦C. Pears were harvested from commercial orchards in 2006 and 2007 and stored under nearly identical conditions for up to 24 weeks. Peel tissue samples taken at harvest and at 2–4-week interval during storage were analyzed by HPLC to determine concentrations of -farnesene and CTs. Measurements of flesh firmness, respiration, and ethylene production were also made at harvest and/or from 1 to 8 d after removal from storage to 20 ◦ C. WA fruit from the second harvest in 2006 developed light superficial scald after 20 weeks of cold storage plus 5 d at 20 ◦C; all others were scald-free. By contrast, all CA fruit from both seasons showed light scald after 12–14 weeks, and moderate scald after 20–24 weeks, plus shelf life. Correspondingly, -farnesene and CTs accumulated more rapidly and on average reached about twofold higher concentrations in CA compared with WA fruit over the first 8–12 weeks of storage. CA fruit also had an earlier rise in ethylene production, higher respiratory rates, and lower flesh firmness at harvest than WA fruit. These suggest advanced maturity, which may have contributed to the increased rates of -farnesene synthesis and oxidation, and higher incidence of scald. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Auditory Forebrain: Evidence from Anatomical and Behavioral Experiments Involving Human and Animal Subjects

In recent years, careful utilization of experimental and clinical data has permitted new insights into the basic organization of mammalian forebrain. The intent of the present chapter is to examine one aspect of this inquiry: the structure of auditory forebrain and its role in mammalian hearing. To achieve this goal, the discussion is built around three issues presented in three separate sections.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Air Flows in a Full Scale Room

This paper describes the experimental and numerical investigation of airflows in a full-scale ventilated room. The volumetric particle streak-tracking velocimetry was used to measure the three spatial components of air velocities at three ventilation rates: 3, 8.6 and 19.5 ach (air change per hour). Reattachment length and jet penetration length measured at seven different ventilation rates ranging from 3 to 100 ach were also reported. The data obtained from the experiments were used to validate different numerical models, including turbulence models based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method and the large eddy simulation (LES) with dynamical subgrid model. It was observed that one primary central recirculation vortex was formed in the middle of the room and one secondary small vortex existed near the left bottom corner. The sizes and positions of the two vortices varied with the ventilation rates: the central vortex became fuller and moved towards the center of the room with increasing ventilation rates; on the other hand, the secondary vortex became smaller and moved toward the left bottom corner. The reattachment length and jet penetration length showed a strong dependence on the ventilation rates and became relatively constant once the ventilation rate reached a threshold value of 19.5 ach. The LES generated the best predictions for the three ventilation rates while Reynolds stress model predictions were closest to measurements among the RANS models. The outcome of the study will allow scientists to gain a better understanding of airflows and be useful in designing better ventilation systems that will improve the air quality and human health in indoor environments, such as offices, aircraft cabins, and other working environments.
World Food Needs

History and circumstance have been generous to a minority of the world’s population. In the United States and a relatively few other countries, suitable land, favorable climate, natural resources, and the application of science and technology under circumstances of advantageous marketing opportunity have produced a seemingly boundless supply of a wide variety of high-quality foods. But this is not the situation throughout much of the world. Contrasts are strikingly cruel, and from a position of plenty sometimes almost impossible to comprehend.
Quality, Safety, and Value: The Current AAOS Initiatives.

Abstract The AAOS is committed to helping orthopaedists provide safe, effective, and high-quality care for their patients. There are a number of very active initiatives focused on patient safety, team performance, and evidence-based quality and value including clinical practice guidelines and appropriate use criteria. This article describes those initiatives.
Evaluating the effectiveness of Microsoft threat modeling tool

Today, it is widely accepted that software security best practices need to be integrated into all the stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC). This is because software applications are constantly being exposed to malicious attacks by hackers. One of the best practices for software security is threat modeling. It is essential for software security in the design stage of the SDLC and can help to reduce software design flaws significantly before the software application is implemented. The topics of threat modeling and the SDLC threat modeling tool were introduced to graduate students in a secure software engineering course. The effectiveness of Microsoft's Threat Modeling Tool was evaluated through a course assignment that included two parts: A) threat modeling using a manual process and B) threat modeling using Microsoft's 2014 threat modeling tool. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the tool in assisting non-experts, students, in conducting an architectural risk analysis on a mock online shopping web application.
Quantum mechanics in noninertial reference frames: Relativistic accelerations and fictitious forces

Abstract One-particle systems in relativistically accelerating reference frames can be associated with a class of unitary representations of the group of arbitrary coordinate transformations, an extension of the Wigner–Bargmann definition of particles as the physical realization of unitary irreducible representations of the Poincare group. Representations of the group of arbitrary coordinate transformations become necessary to define unitary operators implementing relativistic acceleration transformations in quantum theory because, unlike in the Galilean case, the relativistic acceleration transformations do not themselves form a group. The momentum operators that follow from these representations show how the fictitious forces in noninertial reference frames are generated in quantum theory.
Ronnel and its oxygen analogue: residues in the body tissues and eggs of caged layers.

Ronnel sprayed as a 0.5% emulsion on the ventral side of caged layers at a rate of 1 gal/100 birds produced maximum residues of ronnel, 1.207 and 0.864 ppm, in skin and fat, respectively, at 1 day posttreatment. The maximum residue in eggs, 0.019 ppm, occurred 7 days posttreatment. No residues were detected in any tissues except skin at 21 and 28 days posttreatment. Residues in tissues of caged layers given a 2nd spraying 28 days after the 1st spraying were not greater than those produced after the 1st spraying. Also, with the 1st spraying, only skin had residues at 21 days posttreatment. However, at 28 days, there were residues in skin, and 2 samples of muscle contained residues of 0.008 and 0.003 ppm. No oxygen analogue of ronnel (dimethyl 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl phosphate) was detected in any tissue.
Expression of the Leu-8 antigen by B-cell lymphomas.

The Leu-8 antigen is found on the surface of many hematologic cells, including many T- and B-lymphocytes. With the use of a frozen-section immunoperoxidase technic, 152 B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas were examined for Leu-8 expression. Of these lymphomas, 53% expressed Leu-8. Subclassification of the lymphomas with the use of the International Working Formulation showed that most small lymphocytic, intermediate lymphocytic, and diffuse large cell lymphomas and about half of diffuse small cleaved, diffuse mixed, and follicular lymphomas expressed Leu-8. In contrast, all 17 cases of small noncleaved cell (Burkitt’s) lymphoma and 9 of 10 cases of multiple myeloma/plasmacytoma were Leu-8 negative. These results indicate that Leu-8 is expressed on a wide variety of B-cell lymphomas and that differences in Leu-8 expression may be useful in the diagnostic separation of small lymphocytic lymphoma with plasmacytoid features from multiple myeloma/plasmacytoma, and diffuse large cell lymphoma from Burkitt’s lymphoma.
Mexican Anticlerics, Bishops, Cristeros, and the Devout during the 1920s: A Scholarly Debate

subject is vast in scope, complex in its development, controversial in its meaning, and relevant to other societies. Mexicans them selves have been debating the conflict for five decades with the passion and partisanship that characterizes the true believer. Politically, the government's interpretation of events—that the Mexican Revolution defended itself against a reactionary clergy allied with prerevolutionary elites, both of which were trying to block progress and justice and were willing to invoke foreign intervention—has assumed greater importance as the Revolution became institutionalized and less revolutionary.1 The scholars who have stepped into the fray have not escaped the effects of this heated debate. It is the purpose of this article to examine the nature of the scholarly argument and to suggest possible effects of nationality upon the perception of historical reality. The advent of the Mexican Revolution in 1910 decisively
Tight-binding inhibitors—I: Kinetic behavior☆

Abstract Various aspects of the kinetic behavior of the interaction between tight-binding ligands and macromolecules have been examined. The relationships between 50 per cent inhibitory concentration and dissociation constants of the complex are shown for various mechanisms of inhibition, and several methods for the estimation of very low Ki, values are presented. The properties of the Ackermann-Potter plot are examined, and precautions are offered for the usage of the term stoichiometric or titrating inhibition. Both association and dissociation processes between a tight binder and a macromolecule are slow under ordinary laboratory conditions, and steady state rate equations are not applicable. In the presence of a tight-binding inhibitor, the initial velocity of an enzymic reaction depends on the order of addition of the components, and the extent of lag period can be used for the calculation of the rate constant for the slowest step and for diagnosis of the inhibition mechanism. It is also pointed out that the Lineweaver-Burk analysis of competition between two ligands may lead to erroneous conclusions unless the slope of the plot is carefully examined.
EFFECTS OF VARIOUS NUTRIENT LEVELS AND ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES ON THE INCIDENCE OF COLIBACILLARY DIARRHEA IN PIGS: INTESTINAL FISTULATION AND TITRATION STUDIES ~

SUMMARY Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various nutritional factors and environmental stress on the incidence and/or severity of colibacillary diarrhea in young pigs. Techniques used included intestinal fistulation, intestinal titration and visual observation. Neither the level of dietary protein (16 or 22%), the presence of 20% oats nor the environmental temperature (4.4 ~ or 26.7 ~ ) had any significant effect on fecal and intestinal Escbericbia coli numbers or percent hemolytic E. coli following an oral E. coli challenge. Pigs fed the 22% protein diet tended to have the greatest intestinal fluid volumes with pigs fed the diet containing oats having the lowest. Gain data were similar and diarrhea was not evident. When given a challenge of E. coli, weaned pigs in a normal environment (28.3 ~ gained faster and had less diarrhea than pigs similarly treated but in a cold environment (10.0~ Pigs fed a milk replacer diet which contained an antibiotic also gained faster and had less diarrhea than pigs fed a 22% corn-soy diet. Fecal and intestinal E. coli determinations suggest that the ingested E. coli were unable to proliferate in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed the milk replacer diet. Pigs fed the cornsoybean meal diet had greater fluid volume in their gastrointestinal tracts compared to those in pigs fed milk replacer. The presence of hemolytic E. coli in the feces was not a good indicator of diarrhea although all pigs that exhibited diarrhea (visual observation) did have a large number of hemolytic E. coli in their feces.
Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events in Pediatric Ambulatory Anesthesia: Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Tool.

BACKGROUND:Perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) are the most common cause of serious adverse events in children receiving anesthesia. Our primary aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction tool for the occurrence of PRAE from the onset of anesthesia induction until d
Cause analysis for Reduction of Water-cool Tube Wall's Thickness of No.3 Boiler in Pucheng Generation Company

In the light of corrosion in water wall tube at burner area of No.3 boiler,the mechanism and factors on high temperature corrosion are analyzed.Based on which,the main causes for reduction of water-cool tube wall's thickness are pointed out,which are high sulfur content in fuel,unsuitable fineness of coal powder and reduceing atmosphere existed in a nearby region around the water wall.Finally,the measures tu prevent high temperature corrosion are put forward.
New concepts in the management of optic nerve sheath meningiomas.

Introduction: Primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) are the most common primary tumours of the optic nerve sheath. The diagnosis and management of ONSMs have changed dramatically in the last decade. In this review article, we discuss the latest information regarding these issues. Materials and Methods: References for this manuscript were obtained by searching the database PubMed using the phrase "optic nerve sheath meningioma". Approximately 150 articles were identified and reviewed. These articles served as reference sources for other articles, books and chapters on the subject. The results were combined with our personal experience, which includes over 100 cases of ONSMs that have been observed or treated with one or more of the modalities described below. Results: The diagnosis ofONSM can be suspected in most cases from clinical findings and supported by the results ofneuroimaging, obviating tissue biopsy in the majority of cases. Management depends on several factors. Observation may be appropriate in patients with mild or no visual deficit or in whom visual loss is not progressing, whereas stereotactic fractionated radiation therapy has been documented to improve or stabilise vision in progressive or advanced cases. Attempts at excision of ONSMs are associated with a high risk of blindness and should be reserved for the rare case of an anteriorly located, primarily exophytic tumour with focal involvement of the dural sheath. Rare patients with acute visual deterioration may benefit from optic nerve sheath fenestration. Conclusion: The majority of ONSMs can be suspected on clinical grounds and diagnosed with readily available non-invasive neuroimaging. Stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy is currently the treatment of choice for ONSMs that require therapy.
Enhanced resistance to permeability transition in interfibrillar cardiac mitochondria in dogs: effects of aging and long-term aldosterone infusion

Functional differences between subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar cardiac mitochondria (SSM and IFM) have been observed with aging and pathological conditions in rodents. Results are contradictory, and there is little information from large animal models. We assessed the respiratory function and resistance to mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in SSM and IFM from healthy young (1 yr) and old (8 yr) female beagles and in old beagles with hypertension and left ventricular (LV) wall thickening induced by 16 wk of aldosterone infusion. MPT was assessed in SSM and IFM by Ca2+ retention and swelling. Healthy young and old beagles had similar mitochondrial structure, respiratory function, and Ca2+-induced MPT within SSM and IFM subpopulations. On the other hand, oxidative capacity and resistance to Ca2+-induced MPT were significantly greater in IFM compared with SSM in all groups. Old beagles treated with aldosterone had greater LV wall thickness and worse diastolic filling but normal LV chamber volume and systolic function. Treatment with aldosterone did not alter mitochondrial respiratory function but accelerated Ca2+-induced MPT in SSM, but not IFM, compared with healthy old and young beagles. In conclusion, in a large animal model, oxidative capacity and resistance to MPT were greater in IFM than in SSM. Furthermore, aldosterone infusion increased susceptibility to MPT in SSM, but not IFM. Together this suggests that SSM are less resilient to acute stress than IFM in the healthy heart and are more susceptible to the development of pathology with chronic stress.
Bargaining Chains (Long Version)

We consider a firm that designs a new product and wishes to bring it to market, but does not have ownership or control over all of the resources required to make that happen. The firm must select and contract with one of several possible tier 1 suppliers for necessary inputs, who do the same with their (tier 2) suppliers, etc. This general situation is common in industry. We assume tier-wise negotiations, sole sourcing within each tier, complete local information, and horizontal competition. We develop a bargaining-based solution to the negotiations between two adjacent multi-firm tiers and show its consistency with familiar solution concepts from the theories of bargaining and cooperative games. We then link up multiple bargaining modules to generate chain-wide predictions for efficiency and profitability in supply chains with an arbitrary number of tiers and an arbitrary number of firms per tier. We investigate the implications of the results for investments in process improvements or supplier development.
Recurrent Seizures and Behavior Problems

The association of seizures and behavior problems in children with new onset seizures was investigated in a prospective study of 224 children (aged 4-14 years) and 159 siblings (4-18 years) at Indiana University and Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Abstract WP363: DVT Prophylaxis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients in a Large Health System: a 5 Year Analysis

Background: The percentage of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients remains low despite American Stroke Association guidelines. As part of a multi-hospital system wide quality initiative, we sought to determine the compliance of DVT prophylaxis in our population of ICH patients retrospectively and resulting rate of DVT/ pulmonary embolism (PE) to establish a baseline for comparison in future years to further standardization and quality of care. Methods: Data from 25 facilities in the Providence Health System Stroke Registry were analyzed from 2010 to 2014. Patients included were those who had a principal diagnosis of ICH and documentation was present for whether DVT or PE had occurred. Patients who were placed on comfort measures at any time during hospitalization were excluded. Descriptive analysis was conducted to assess use of chemical versus mechanical venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and whether or not patients had a documented DVT or PE. Results: There were 1,581 ICH patients included in the analysis. Mean age at hospitalization was 67.0 (±15.5) and 55.4% were male. Of those that received VTE prophylaxis, 72 patients (4.4%) received chemical prophylaxis, including low-dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), factor Xa inhibitor or warfarin. Mechanical VTE prophylaxis including intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), graduated compression stockings, or venous foot pumps were administered to 1,427 patients (87.6%). 127 patients (7.8%) had no documentation of VTE prophylaxis. Among those who received either chemical or mechanical VTE prophylaxis, 35 patients (2.5%) had documentation of a DVT or PE during the hospital encounter. Of those patients who had a DVT or PE, one patient received both LDUH and IPC. The remaining 34 patients who had a DVT or PE (97.1%) received only mechanical VTE prophylaxis. Conclusion: Pharmacologic DVT prophylaxis rates were very low. The rate of DVT/PE was in line with other published rates. Pharmocologic DVT prophylaxis was superior to mechanical means alone. A large study documenting the safety and efficacy of pharmacologic DVT prophylaxis in these patients is needed.
β1-integrin is a cell-autonomous factor mediating the Numb pathway for cardiac progenitor maintenance.

Abstract Proper control of multipotent/stem cell number and fate is essential for ensuing organ formation during development. β1-integrin, a subfamily of cell surface receptors, has a conserved role in maintenance of multipotent/stem cells, including renal progenitor cells, follicle stem cells, epidermal stem cells and neural stem cells. However, it remains unclear whether β1-integrin has a role in cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) development. Here we show that a mesodermal deletion of β1-integrin decreases Isl1+ cell number in the second pharyngeal arch (PA2), where CPCs undergo renewal and expansion. Mesp1 lineage-specific mosaicism revealed that β1-integrin-deleted Isl1+ cells do not proliferate in the PA2. Consistently, β1-integrin-deleted Isl1+ CPCs failed to expand in vitro, independent of PA2 cells. β1-integrin co-localized and physically associated with Numb, a crucial regulator of CPC renewal and expansion. Importantly, Numb/Numbl-deleted CPCs showed dramatic reduction in β1-integrin levels. These findings suggest that β1-integrin is a key mediator of the Numb pathway in CPC maintenance.
The evolution of human trafficking messaging in the United States and its effect on public opinion

Despite a near unanimous agreement that human trafficking is a morally reprehensible practice, there is confusion around what qualifies as human trafficking in the United States. Adopting a mixed-method strategy, we examine how human trafficking is defined by the public; how contemporary (mis)understanding of human trafficking developed; and the public opinion consequence of this (mis)understanding. The definition of human trafficking has evolved over time to become nearly synonymous with slavery; however, we demonstrate that media and anti-trafficking organisations have been focussing their attention on the sexual exploitation of foreign women. We show that general public opinion reflects this skewed attention; the average citizen equates human trafficking with the smuggling of women for sexual slavery. Using a survey experiment, we find that shining light on other facets of human trafficking – the fact that human trafficking is a security problem and a domestic issue – can increase public response to the issue.
Campus crime and concealed carry laws: Is arming students the answer?

Abstract As of 2018, ten states allowed students, faculty, and staff to carry concealed firearms on campus. Although there has been much discussion regarding campus carry laws, there has been very little empirical research conducted on the link between campus carry laws and crime on campus. The present study attempts to determine if campus carry laws are statistically related to campus level crime. Using state-level data for the period 2005–2014 and a fixed effects model, results of the present study suggest that campus carry laws have no statistically significant relationship with campus level crime. However, campuses located in states that allow unpermitted concealed carry have lower property crime rates. These results corroborate the findings of prior studies on this topic. Given these results, states should reconsider enacting campus carry laws, and colleges and universities should be given more latitude in deciding whether or not firearms are appropriate on their campuses.
Stereological Theory of Sintering

A geometrically general theory for microstructural evolution during solid state sintering is under development. The theory uses the global geometric properties of stereology to characterize the geometric state of the microstructure. The time evolution of these properties is related to the distribution of interface velocities on the pore-solid interface and the distribution of vacancy annihilation rates in grain boundaries through the geometrically general kinematic equations of stereology. The evaluation of local interface velocities via assumed mechanisms controlling mass transport completes the structure of the approach.
Passive indoor air sampling for consumer product chemicals: a field evaluation study.

Innovative exposure measurement methods are needed for large environmental health studies, particularly for semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Active air sampling methods are costly to implement, but passive air sampling presents a viable method. To expand and improve the use of passive air samplers (PAS) for indoor SVOC monitoring, we designed a unique, compact sampler using commercially available polyurethane foam (PUF) disks housed within durable, easy-to-setup, low-profile enclosures. We evaluated the new design using co-located active air samplers (AAS) and analyzed for SVOCs. Most of the targeted SVOCs found using active sampling (27 of 33) were also detected using passive sampling. We found good agreement (R2 = 0.88) between active and passive sampling methods for characterizing the relative abundance of each chemical, and the measured active sampler concentrations and passive sampler masses were significantly positively correlated for 14 of 21 chemicals, for which correlations could be estimated. We found that measurements of many SVOCs originating from consumer products and typically found in the gas-phase (log KOA < 10) can be reliably ranked—and thus appropriate for epidemiological studies—using this PAS design. These SVOCs include diethyl phthalate, AHTN, HHCB, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, as well as methyl paraben, benzophenone, and benzophenone-3, which have not previously been measured by passive sampling. This PAS can be used in epidemiological studies involving consumer product chemicals and complements other novel exposure tools.
Chronic Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C (HCV) is a common viral infection of the liver. It affects approximately 1.6% of the US population. Screening in the appropriate populations is essential as signs and symptoms of the disease are generally absent. In addition, there are multiple new treatments for HCV which are extremely effective and very well tolerated. In this chapter, we describe a case of HCV in an asymptomatic patient. We discuss screening strategies, evaluation of the infection, and treatment options and outcomes.
Parking lot guiding with IoT way

Abstract In this paper, we employed the technology of Wireless Sensor Network to issue a paper of combined APP and microprocessor to implement parking lots with smart guide. According to the survey, the system currently used in parking lot management can only prompt the parking lot location and the remaining parking spaces. With the development of the economy, the closeness of interpersonal exchanges, and the advancement of urbanization, serious steam locomotive parking problems have arisen that makes many drivers to have to spend a lot of time looking for the parking space. For the above reasons, this special study focuses on providing a smart function with IoT system development features and self-managed parking by APP via the personal mobile devices. It can provide clear and convenient operation for the parking lot near the hotel, and how many parking spaces are available. The most important thing is to clearly indicate the number of parking spaces that can be parked in the parking lot, so that we can save a lot of find time for parking space. Upon completion, the following features will be provided: 1). We can find the nearby parking lot and the number of free parking spaces through the provided app. 2).The most important thing is that after arriving at the parking lot, you can clearly indicate and guide to the parking space that can be parked. 3). Similarly, by the functions provided by AAP, drivers can also know their parking time and the parking fees they should pay, and they can control the time and cost of parking economically and effectively.
Deconstructing Immigrant Integration: The Case of Kyrgyz Labor Migrants in the United States

In the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, millions of its former citizens moved to other countries. Kyrgyzstan, having experienced painful transition from command to market economy, ...
A comment on "How the cosmological constant is hidden by Planck scale curvature fluctuations''

A recent preprint by Wang and Unruh [arXiv:1911.06110] contains a number of criticisms of my paper, "Hiding the cosmological constant" [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 (2019) 131302, arXiv:1809.08277]. While Wang and Unruh suggest an interesting alternative scenario and raise an important conceptual question, most of their criticisms are incorrect, in part because of misunderstandings about averaging and about the nature of the "foamy" spacetimes considered in my paper.
Sex, race, ADHD, and prior concussions as predictors of concussion recovery in adolescents.

Concussions in adolescents are a growing public health concern as the popularity of high school sports increases. The aim of this study was to identify clinical (e.g., prior concussion, migraine hi...
Three-dimensional printing of stimuli-responsive hydrogel with antibacterial activity

Abstract Scaffold-based tissue engineering has shown promise in treating and regenerating lost or damaged bone tissues. Despite encouraging results, achieving comprehensive tissue-restoration remains a challenge due to the problems associated with bacterial colonization of surgically implanted scaffolds. Current approaches to treating post-implantation infections are problematic; systemic antibiotic administration is ineffective due to reduced bioavailability of the antibiotic at the implant site, while revision surgeries are expensive and painful. This study investigates the preparation and the three-dimensional printing of a stimuli-responsive hydrogel to fabricate biomaterial scaffolds capable of reacting to microenvironmental triggers. Since bacterial infection reduces the pH at the site of implantation, the hydrogel was designed to respond to a decrease in pH by releasing zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) with antibacterial property. The developed hydrogel was capable of thermal crosslinking at physiological temperatures and displayed thixotropic properties that facilitated deposition. After establishing print conditions, scaffolds were fabricated and monitored for the release of nZnO at acidic and neutral pH conditions intended to simulate the presence and absence of infection respectively. The in vitro release study showed that the scaffolds released a significantly higher amount of nZnO at acidic pH than at neutral pH, thereby demonstrating potential in inhibiting infection during scaffold-based treatments.
Experimental Investigation of active heating in removal of wax deposits

Abstract Active heating is increasingly used as a cost-effective strategy for controlling wax deposition in offshore flowlines. This study systematically investigated the effectiveness of active heating temperature in removing deposited wax with different characteristics in a flow loop. Two sets of experiments were conducted, targeting the removal of the deposits of different wax content (14% and 18%). In both sets of experiments, as the removal temperature decreased from wax appearance temperature (WAT) + 20% to WAT - 9%, the deposits underwent complete removal, partial removal, and no removal. The wax removal in all tests was found to be a rather swift process, with the majority of wax being removed within an hour. Interestingly, the removal of wax deposits was possible at temperatures lower than the WAT, as observed in the case in which 63% of the deposited wax was removed at WAT - 4%. As the wax content of the deposit increased, high removal temperatures were required. Unlike the trends observed in removing softer wax, the removal of harder wax appears to occur in two steps: a sudden removal was observed first, followed by a short period of time during which no removal occurred, followed by another sudden removal. Understanding this process in detail provides useful insight to manage the removal process more effectively and economically.
Associations Between Cellular Levels of ATP and Prodigiosin Pigment Throughout the Growth Cycle of Serratia marcescens.

Serratia marcescens is a prolific producer of the red, membrane-associated pigment prodigiosin. Earlier work has established both a positive role for prodigiosin in ATP production during the popula...
Two tales of two protests: Principled and partisan attitudes toward politically charged protests

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects individual's right to protest, but people tend to have differing attitudes toward protests depending on the issue being protested. Across two studies we examined general attitudes toward protests, racial attitudes, and political ideology as predictors of support for two separate pairs of recent, politically distinct protest actions. In Study 1, participants provided attitudes toward the 2017 Charlottesville and 2016 NFL protests. In Study 2, attitudes toward the 2020 George Floyd and COVID‐19 lockdown protests were assessed. In both studies, support was highest for protests aligned with political ideology, and racial prejudice consistently emerged as a predictor of protest support, even for the COVID‐19 lockdown protest that was not explicitly racially motivated. These findings provide further evidence of prejudice being a political force and partisan beliefs biasing understandings of social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Applied Social Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Cascading Expert Failure

A problem that has plagued market failure discussions is: "why does bad policy exist and persist?" Various schools of thought have answered that question, but I argue that the explanations, while correct, are incomplete. In this paper, I apply the expert failure literature to the problem of economic policy discussions to show that 1) failed advice can lead to other experts to give poor advice and 2) that a consequence of expert failure is that failed policy can persist even if the expert acknowledges the advice has failed. I demonstrate these conclusions with a case study on COVID-19 testing in the United States.
Vapor-density measurement for estimating minimum miscibility pressure

An experimental method (Vapor Density Test) is described which uses the solvency (density) properties of carbon dioxide and oil composition to determine the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of carbon dioxide with crude oils. Empirical methods have been described in the literature which relate the MMP to the density of carbon dioxide, oil composition, and solvent properties of carbon dioxide. It has also been proposed that a density comparison of impure carbon dioxide and pure carbon dioxide could be used to predict the MMP for impure carbon dioxide if the pure carbon dioxide MMP was known. The ''Vapor Density'' method is a dynamic test which directly measures the density of the injection gas rich phase versus pressure. This provides direct measurements of the ability of the injected gas to extract components from the crude oil. This method is as easily applied to impure carbon dioxide or hydrocarbon injection gases as to pure carbon dioxide. The measurements are done in a constant volume visual PVT cell. In addition to measuring the upper phase density, the volume of the liquid (lower phase) is monitored to aid in the MMP determination. Experiments have been completed on crude oils over the 83/sup 0/ to 220/supmore » 0/F range. The MMP is easily estimated at low temperatures. A method is proposed to use the ''Vapor Density'' at higher temperatures where the MMP is not as apparent.« less
Grief as a Transcendent Function and Teacher of Spiritual Growth

Death is an inevitable phase of life, so is grief. This paper attempts to pinpoint the enormous potential of grief in advancing our spiritual growth. Jung states that when encountering a crisis such as loss, the unconscious often breaks through to help us with new adjustments, whereby a transcendent function takes place (Jung, 1971). Instead of becoming an emotional trauma, grief can transcend our everyday experiences and awaken us to our spiritual essence.