cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exclusive Processes in Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics

We present a systematic analysis in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) of large-momentum-transfer exclusive processes. Predictions are given for the scaling behavior, angular dependence, helicity structure, and normalization of elastic and inelastic form factors and large-angle exclusive scattering amplitudes for hadrons and photons. We prove that these reactions are dominated by quark and gluon subprocesses at short distances, and thus that the dimensional-counting rules for the power-law falloff of these amplitudes with momentum transfer are rigorous predictions of QCD, modulo calculable logarithmic corrections from the behavior of the hadronic wave functions at short distances. These anomalous-dimension corrections are determined by evolution equations for process-independent meson and baryon "distribution amplitudes" $\ensuremath{\varphi}({x}_{i}, Q)$ which control the valence-quark distributions in high-momentum-transfer exclusive reactions. The analysis can be carried out systematically in powers of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}({Q}^{2})$, the QCD running coupling constant. Although the calculations are most conveniently carried out using light-cone perturbation theory and the light-cone gauge, we also present a gauge-independent analysis and relate the distribution amplitude to a gauge-invariant Bethe-Salpeter amplitude.
Composition of cerebral lipids in murine leucodystrophy: the quaking mutant.

— The composition of sphingolipids and phospholipids of mouse brain during myelination was determined in the Quaking mutant, which manifests a genetic disorder of myelin formation, and in littermate controls. The biochemical changes during myelination in the brains of the controls corresponded quantitatively with previous findings in a different strain of mice. The Quaking mutant exhibited concentrations of sphingolipids and phospholipids in brain which were comparable to those of controls in the early stage of myelination but the tissue content failed to increase with maturation. The greatest differences occurred in the cerebrosides which at 65 days of postnatal age were only 10 per cent of control levels. During development the pattern of cerebral levels of sphingomyelin, plasmalogen and total phospholipid in the mutants tended to resemble that of the cerebrosides. The defect in the Quaking mutant is compatible with a failure in maturation of myelin. These findings have been compared with those in the Jimpy mutant, a different genetic disorder of myelin in the mouse previously studied in a similar fashion. The Jimpy mutant is characterized by a quantitatively more pronounced deficiency of myelin lipids and a decline in cerebrosides during brain development.
Comparison of selective (beta1) and nonselective (beta1 and beta2) beta-adrenergic blockade on systemic and coronary hemodynamic findings in angina pectoris

To investigate the influence of selective beta 1-adrenergic blockade, in contrast to beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic blockade, systemic and coronary hemodynamics were studied. Measurements were made at rest and during exercise in 23 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) before and after either metoprolol or propranolol, given in doses to provide comparable beta 1-receptor blockade. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at rest. Using a randomized, double-blind protocol, either beta 1 and beta 2 blockade was produced by propranolol (0.1 mg/kg intravenously), or selective beta 1 blockade was produced by metoprolol (0.15 mg/kg intravenously). As expected, at these doses both drugs produced a comparable decrease in heart rate at rest and during exercise, averaging 9% and 14% after propranolol and 10% and 16% after metoprolol. Exercise duration to ischemia was prolonged in most patients with severe CAD after either propranolol (5 of 7) or metoprolol (6 of 10) treatment. The effects of these 2 beta-blocking drugs on systemic hemodynamic values at rest and during exercise were similar. Additionally, coronary sinus flow was usually unchanged by both drugs at rest (-5% after propranolol and -4% after metoprolol, differences not significant) and decreased a similar amount during exercise (-15% after propranolol and -9% after metoprolol, both p less than 0.05). Coronary resistance did not change significantly with either drug (0% after propranolol and 3% after metoprolol), and during exercise (11% after propranolol and 3% after metoprolol), suggesting that decreases in flow were secondary to reduced demand. Furthermore, neither drug produced detectable changes in coronary artery size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Use of Zona-Free Animal Ova as a Test-System for the Assessment of the Fertilizing Capacity of Human Spermatozoa

The zona-free hamster ovum was evaluated as a substitute for human o va in the assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. Zona-intact ova completely resisted sperm penetration. Using nonpreincu bated spermatozoa sperm penetration of zona-free ova began 4-5 hours after insemination. However when spermatozoa were preincubated in a modified Krebs-Ringer solution for 4 hours sperm penetration began within 1 hour. There is some evidence that this is associated with the completion of sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. The results suggest that zona-free hamster ova can be substituted for human ova in the preliminary assessment of the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa.
3D Printing of Molecular Potential Energy Surface Models

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is gaining popularity in a variety of applications and has recently become routinely available. Today, 3D printing services are not only found in engineering design labs and through online companies, but also in university libraries offering student access. In addition, affordable options for home hobbyists have already been introduced. Here, we demonstrate the use of 3D printing to generate plastic models of molecular potential energy surfaces useful for understanding molecular structure and reactivity.
Architectural issues in solid modelers

Several issues related to solid modeling are examined. Fundamental background definitions and concepts are presented, concentrating especially on dual-representation solid-modeling environments. An ideal architecture is hypothesized and it is shown that the current state of the art leads to one of two compromise architectures in practice. Also studied are lower level development strategies, including schemes that trade-off, to varying extents, the goal of minimizing flexibility in geometric forms as provided to the designer. The need for software architectures that promote development of application functions has led to the development of standard modeling-system interfaces at the procedure call level. Several open issues are identified. Some prevent the complete realization of the ideal architectures, whereas others arise as areas potentially benefiting from a flexible dual-representation environment. >
Chromium is the proximate clastogenic species for lead chromate-induced clastogenicity in human bronchial cells.

Abstract Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a well-established human lung carcinogen with potentially widespread exposure. Solubility is a key factor in the carcinogenicity of Cr(VI), with the water-insoluble or ‘particulate’ compounds being the more potent carcinogens. Studies have indicated that the component ions are responsible for their clastogenicity, but it is uncertain whether chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) or some combination of the two is responsible for the clastogenic effects. Accordingly, we compared the clastogenicity of lead chromate (LC) with soluble sodium chromate (SC) and lead glutamate (LG) in WTHBF-6 human lung cells. We found that 1436 μM was the maximal intracellular level of Pb after exposure to clastogenic concentrations of LC. However, clastogenesis was not observed after exposure to LG, even when intracellular Pb concentrations reached 13,347 μM, indicating that intracellular Pb levels did not reach clastogenic levels in WTHBF-6 cells after LC treatment. By contrast, SC was clastogenic damaging 16 and 44% of metaphase cells at intracellular Cr doses of 312 and 1262 μM respectively, which was comparable to the clastogenesis observed after LC treatment. LC damaged 10, 27 and 37% of metaphases at intracellular Cr doses of 288, 926 and 1644 μM, respectively. These data indicate that with respect to LC-induced clastogenicity, Cr and not Pb is the proximate clastogenic species in human lung cells.
Comment on: “Politico economic consequences of raising wage inequality” by Corbae, D’Erasmo and Kuruscu

Article history: Received 15 September 2008 Received in revised form 26 November 2008 Accepted 1 December 2008 O O ED P R
Renin release in anesthetized rats.

Renin release in anesthetized rats. Rat renin substrate was prepared from the serum of nephrectomized rats. Rat plasma (0.02 ml) was incubated with excess substrate, and the generated angiotensin I was measured by radioimmunoassay. The following measurements, in addition to arterial and renal venous plasma renin activities, were made in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats on normal and low sodium diets: renal plasma flow, renin release rate, glomerular filtration rate, plasma sodium concentration and excretion rates of water and sodium. Renal renin release was increased in rats on a low, as compared to a normal, sodium diet. Administration of mannitol, isotonic saline or subpressor amounts of antidiuretic hormone (Pitressin) acutely decreased renin release in rats receiving the low sodium diet. Furosemide administration stimulated renin release. These findings extend similar observations made in other species. Liberation de renine chez le rat anesthesie. Du substrat renine de rat a ete prepare a partir du plasma d'animaux nephrectomises. Du plasma de rat (0,02 ml) a ete incube en presence d'un exces de substrat et l'angiotensine I generee a ete mesuree par radio immunologie. Les parametres suivants, outre les activites renine arterielle et veineuse, ont ete mesures chez des rats anesthesies au pentobarbital prealablement soumis a une alimentation normale ou pauvre en sodium: debit plasmatique renal, debit de liberation de renine, debit de filtration glomerulaire, concentration du sodium plasmatique, debits d'excretion de l'eau et du sodium. La liberation renale de renine etait comparativement plus grande chez les animaux soumis a une alimentation pauvre en sodium. L'administration de mannitol, de chlorure de sodium isotonique ou de doses non pressives d'hormone antidiuretique (Pitressine) a diminue brusquement la liberation de renine chez les rats soumis au regime pauvre en sodium. L'administration de furosemide a stimule la liberation de renine. Ces constatations corroborent celles faites dans d'autres especes.
Effect of inplane edge constraints on natural frequencies of simply supported doubly curved shallow shells

Abstract Reasonably accurate natural frequencies are presented for simply supported shallow shells on rectangular planform subjected to 55 possible combinations of edge constraints. Thin shallow shell theory is used. Accurate natural frequencies of doubly curved shallow shells are presented and can be used for benchmarking by researchers as well as reference data for practicing engineers. Natural frequencies are presented for various shell curvatures including spherical, cylindrical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shells.
Plastic J-integral calculations using the load separation method for the center cracked tension specimen

Abstract The load separation method was used to determine the plastic work factor (ηpl) for the center crack tension geometry for power law hardening materials with Ramberg–Osgood hardening exponents n ranging from 2 to 20 and crack sizes a/W ranging from 0.4 to 0.8. The resulting expression for ηpl compares favorably to the analytical work of Rice, Paris, and Merkle and to Sharobeam and Landes. The results were also compared to ηpl calculated from the plastic J results in EPRI Handbook NP-1931. Unlike the EPRI results, ηpl from the load separation method are not a function of crack size.
Crime and Unemployment: Effects across Age and Race Categories:

Despite numerous studies, the nature of the unemployment-crime relationship remains controversial. The relationship should be clearer for some segments of the population than for others, but is obs...
Learned self-control of tinnitus through a matching-to-sample feedback technique: A clinical investigation

Two cases are reported in which subjective tinnitus aurium was treated with a matching-to-sample procedure. Following baseline evaluations, the subjects' experienced tinnitus was reproduced audiometrically in terms of loudness, frequency, and quality. This was presented to them in the noninvolved ear and was gradually reduced within sessions. The subjects were required to concentrate on reducing their tinnitus until an equal match had been achieved between it and the stimulus sound at each new decibel level. Both subjects gained control over their tinnitus and were able to reduce it markedly from baseline levels. This procedure is viewed as an advance over other techniques not only in that it significantly reduces the tinnitus but in the fact that it is done through the subject's own control, providing psychological benefit as well.
Non-traumatic lateral abdominal wall hernia.

A rare lateral abdominal wall hernia is described in an adult patient. This was diagnosed in a patient with a prominent right lateral abdominal wall deformity. The patient had been experiencing pain that increased progressively in severity over time. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed the location of the lateral abdominal wall defect. The hernia defect was through the transversus abdominis and the internal oblique, with the inferior aspect of the 11th rib forming part of the superior border of the defect. A 4-cm bony spur from the inferior aspect of the rib formed part of the lateral margin of the defect. The hernia sac was contained within a space underneath the external oblique muscle. The association of the hernia defect with a bony spur was highly suggestive of a congenital etiology. The hernia was successfully repaired laparoscopically with Parietex mesh (Sofradim®, Lyons, France), and the patient had resolution of the symptoms on discharge and follow-up visits.
The City as a Chemical System? The Chemist as Urban Environmental Professional in France and Britain, 1780—1880:

Drawing on recent interest in the environmental impacts of cities, and in the urban metabolism, this article examines efforts in late-eighteenth-century France and mid-nineteenth-century Britain to understand cities primarily as chemical systems, and accordingly, to see urban management as properly the province of the chemist. Drawing on historical-sociological studies of professionalization, the article also contrasts the failure of chemists to acquire cognitive authority over the city with the greater degrees of success of other professions: architecture; engineering; medicine; and the practitioners of the new entity, “urban planning,” which came into existence at the end of the nineteenth century.
The correlation between metabolic and individual leg mechanical power during walking at different slopes and velocities.

During level-ground walking, mechanical work from each leg is required to redirect and accelerate the center of mass. Previous studies show a linear correlation between net metabolic power and the rate of step-to-step transition work during level-ground walking with changing step lengths. However, correlations between metabolic power and individual leg power during step-to-step transitions while walking on uphill/downhill slopes and at different velocities are not known. This basic understanding of these relationships between metabolic demands and biomechanical tasks can provide important information for design and control of biomimetic assistive devices such as leg prostheses and orthoses. Thus, we compared changes in metabolic power and mechanical power during step-to-step transitions while 19 subjects walked at seven slopes (0°, +/−3°, +/−6°, and +/−9°) and three velocities (1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 m/s). A quadratic model explained more of the variance (R2=0.58–0.61) than a linear model (R2=0.37–0.52) between metabolic power and individual leg mechanical power during step-to-step transitions across all velocities. A quadratic model explained more of the variance (R2=0.57–0.76) than a linear model (R2=0.52–0.59) between metabolic power and individual leg mechanical power during step-to-step transitions at each velocity for all slopes, and explained more of the variance (R2=0.12–0.54) than a linear model (R2=0.07–0.49) at each slope for all velocities. Our results suggest that it is important to consider the mechanical function of each leg in the design of biomimetic assistive devices aimed at reducing metabolic costs when walking at different slopes and velocities.
SHORT‐TERM VARIABILITY OF THE RESTING FOCUS OF ACCOMMODATION

Previous investigations have shown that, in dim illumination and empty visual fields, accommodation in most observers is for an intermediate distance referred lo as the dark focus or resting focus of accommodation. Dynamic properties of the resting focus were examined in the present study with a high-speed infrared optometer. All subjects displayed fluctuations of accommodation in darkness that were primarily characterized by frequency components below 0.5 Hz. These fluctuations were substantially attenuated during cycloplegia or viewing a bright, high-contrast target. Both the mean resting-focus position and the magnitude of fluctuations varied from one subject to another and from day-to-day. A weak association was found between the mean and standard deviation of accommodation responses in the dark. The present findings suggest that the accommodation mechanism in most observers is somewhat unstable under degraded viewing conditions. In addition, the mean resting-focus value for a large sample of subjects was found to be lower for i.r. optometer measurements than for previous investigations employing a laser optometer.
Escape in one of two cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes bound by a high-frequency major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, Mamu-A*02: A paradigm for virus evolution and persistence?

It is now accepted that an effective vaccine against AIDS must include effective cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque is the best available animal model for AIDS, but analysis of macaque CTL responses has hitherto focused mainly on epitopes bound by a single major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, Mamu-A*01. The availability of Mamu-A*01-positive macaques for vaccine studies is therefore severely limited. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that different CTL responses are able to control immunodeficiency virus replication with varying success, making it a priority to identify and analyze CTL responses restricted by common MHC class I molecules other than Mamu-A*01. Here we describe two novel epitopes derived from SIV, one from Gag (Gag(71-79) GY9), and one from the Nef protein (Nef(159-167) YY9). Both epitopes are bound by the common macaque MHC class I molecule, Mamu-A*02. The sequences of these two eptiopes are consistent with the molecule's peptide-binding motif, which we have defined by elution of natural ligands from Mamu-A*02. Strikingly, we found evidence for the selection of escape variant viruses by CTL specific for Nef(159-167) YY9 in 6 of 6 Mamu-A*02-positive animals. In contrast, viral sequences encoding the Gag(71-79) GY9 epitope remained intact in each animal. This situation is reminiscent of Mamu-A*01-restricted CTL that recognize Tat(28-35) SL8, which reproducibly selects for escape variants during acute infection, and Gag(181-189) CM9, which does not. Differential selection by CTL may therefore be a paradigm of immunodeficiency virus infection.
Faunal communities and habitat characteristics of the Big Bend seagrass meadows, 2009–2010.

Seagrass meadows are important habitats that serve as nursery, feeding, and sheltering grounds for many marine species. In addition to the ecosystem functions and services they provide, seagrass habitats and associated fauna are commonly observed to have naturally high levels of heterogeneity, making them ideal for the study of ecological patterns and processes across multiple spatial scales. However, seagrass systems worldwide have undergone sharp declines in coverage and increased levels of fragmentation at both local and regional spatial scales, thus compromising their ecological functions and services and reducing their value as unaltered marine systems in which to conduct ecological studies. Covering nearly 3000 km2, the seagrass meadows of the Big Bend region in the eastern Gulf of Mexico represents one of the largest in the world, and given its separation from human population centers and coastal development, is also considered to be one of the most intact and least disturbed. The objective of our ...
Osteogenic protein-1 and interleukin-6 with its soluble receptor synergistically stimulate rat osteoblastic cell differentiation.

Osteogenic Protein-1 (OP-1, BMP-7), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family, stimulates synthesis of biochemical markers characteristic of the osteoblastic and chondrocytic phenotypes and induces new bone formation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine produced by a wide variety of cells, appears to interact with other factors producing different biological effects. In the present study, we showed that OP-1 action in fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells was enhanced by the combination of IL-6 and the soluble receptor IL-6sR. OP-1 alone induced alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity by 4- to 5-fold above the control. Exogenous IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR) synergistically stimulated the OP-1-induced AP activity and mineralized bone nodule formation by an additional 3-fold. The stimulation was IL-6sR concentration-dependent. The combination of IL-6 and IL-6sR synergistically stimulated OP-1 action by an additional 6- to 7-fold. BMPR-II receptor mRNA expression in FRC cells treated with OP-1 and IL-6 plus IL-6sR was stimulated further, while BMPR-IA, -IB, and ActR-I expressions were not affected. The intracellular signaling molecules Smad2 and Smad5 mRNA expressions were not changed under these conditions. The expression of selected BMP family members (BMP-3, -4, and -6) was altered in FRC cells treated with OP-1 in combination with IL-6 and IL-6sR. The combination of IL-6 and IL-6sR reduced the OP-1-stimulated BMP-3 mRNA levels and enhanced the suppressive effect of OP-1 on BMP-4 and -6 mRNA expressions. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that exogenous IL-6 and IL-6sR synergistically stimulate OP-1 action in primary cultures of rat osteoblastic cells. One possible mechanism of synergy involves differential regulation of the effects of OP-1 on the expression of the type II BMP receptor and several other BMPs.
Desire, work and transnational identity

This article explores the daily lives of Latino/Latina transnational migrants in the United States South who live and breathe alternative discourses of globalization. I argue that regulatory regimes lower migrants' social reproduction costs (to employers) by ignoring, exporting and/or confining social reproduction to smaller geographical scales, while migrants undertake their own social reproduction at many different geographical sites and scales in dynamic social fields of their own creation. Migrants deploy expansive social fields to mobilize vast complex geographies of support. In doing so, migrants develop new social networks of care and care giving and engage and reshape desire and sexuality in various sex/gender systems in multiple social spaces; in bars, nightclubs, pool halls, flea markets, as well as workplaces. In these ways the intimate relations of sexual expression are caught up in the harsh objectifications of labor markets.
Superconducting detectors and mixers for millimeter and submillimeter astrophysics

Superconducting detectors will play an increasingly significant role in astrophysics, especially at millimeter through far-IR wavelengths, where the scientific opportunities include key problems in astronomy and cosmology. Superconducting detectors offer many benefits: outstanding sensitivity, lithographic fabrication, and large array sizes, especially through the recent development of multiplexing techniques. This paper describes the scientific opportunities, the basic physics of these devices, the techniques for radiation coupling, and reviews the recent progress in direct detectors, such as transition-edge bolometers, and the work on tunnel junction (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) and hot-electron mixers.
Risk of incident diabetes in patients with gout: a cohort study.

Objective Patients with hyperuricemia or gout often have metabolic syndrome. Few prospective studies have examined the risk of incident diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with gout, and there are no data to indicate whether the risk of DM in gout differs by sex. Therefore, this cohort study was undertaken to examine the overall and sex-specific incidence rates of DM in patients with gout. Methods Using data from a US commercial insurance plan (2003–2012), the overall and sex-specific incidence rates of DM in patients with gout (ages ≥40 years) were compared to those in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Incident DM was defined as a diagnosis of DM and at least one dispensing of an antidiabetic drug. The sex-specific effect of gout on DM risk was also examined. Results The primary study cohorts consisted of 54,075 patients with gout and 162,225 patients with OA, matched for age, sex, and index date. In both cohorts, the mean age of the patients was 56.2 years, and 84.8% were men. Over a mean followup of 1.9 years, the incidence rate of DM was 1.91 per 100 person-years in patients with gout and 1.12 per 100 person-years in patients with OA. Multivariable Cox models adjusted for age, comorbidities, medications, and health care utilization factors revealed that gout was associated with an increased risk of DM (hazard ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.37–1.54) in both sexes. The impact of gout on the risk of incident DM was greater in women (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.51–2.09) than in men (hazard ratio 1.41, 95% CI 1.33–1.50), with a significant interaction between gout and sex in relation to the risk of incident DM (P = 0.0009). Conclusion Gout was associated with an increased risk of developing DM compared to that in patients with OA after adjustment for potential confounders. In addition, the risk of incident DM associated with gout was higher among women than among men.
Analysis of bifurcation behavior in power converters and the impact on the design process

A nonlinear phenomenon in a closed-loop pulsed-width modulated buck converter is analyzed to gain an understanding about the properties of nonlinearities in electrical power systems that exhibit a high degree of power electronic devices. MATLAB/Simulink is utilized to build a simulation model that has been compared to experimental results in order to validate the model. The buck converter model will be exposed to an input voltage swing, and the nonlinear behavior will be analyzed. Bifurcation analysis is discussed as a tool to design power electronics systems because the bifurcation points are sensitive to the parameter values which determine the performance of the system.
Stable trajectory design for highly constrained environments using receding horizon control

This work presents a formulation of a stable receding horizon controller (RHC) for the minimum time trajectory optimization problem with a vehicle flying in a complex environment with obstacles and no-fly zones. The overall problem is formulated using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The RHC uses a simple vehicle dynamics model in the near term and an approximate path model in the long term. This combination gives a good estimate of the cost-to-go and greatly reduces the computational effort required to design the complete trajectory, but discrepancies in the assumptions made in the two models can lead to infeasible solutions. This paper extends our previous RHC formulation to ensure that the on-line optimizations would always be feasible, while eliminating the binary variables associated with feasible turns. Novel pruning and graph-search algorithms are also integrated with the new MILP RHC, and these are shown to significantly reduce the computation time. A worst case analysis is performed to obtain an upper bound on the planning horizon, and the resulting controller is analytically shown to guarantee finite-time arrival at the goal.
Thermal and Power Characterization of Real Computing Devices

Power and temperature are key design concerns in modern computing systems. Power minimization is essential for battery-operated devices and for large-scale data center facilities. The spatial and temporal allocation of within-die power consumption lead to thermal gradients and hot spots during operation. Temperature impacts key circuit metrics such as reliability, speed, and leakage power, and it is a major constraint towards improving the performance of high-end computing devices. Due to the enormous complexities and sheer number of modeling parameters of state-of-the-art designs, pre-silicon power and thermal models cannot be trusted blindly. It is necessary to complement pre-silicon analysis with post-silicon thermal and power characterization on the fabricated devices, and then to use the characterization results to improve the design during re-spins before ramp and production. In this paper, we describe new techniques for thermal and power characterization of real computing devices. We show how the measurements from infrared imaging, embedded thermal sensors, and current meters can be integrated to accurately characterize the temperatures and power of computing devices during operation. We describe the key algorithmic and experimental techniques required to overcome the challenges encountered when working with real devices. We present characterization results of a dual-core processor and a programmable logic device.
Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O. III: Solubilities of halite in vapor-saturated liquids above 445°C and redetermination of phase equilibrium properties in the system NaCl-H2O to 1000°C and 1500 bars

Halite solubilities along the three-phase curve in the binary system NaCl-H2O determined by DTA experiment can be represented by the equation Wt.% NaCl (±0.2) = 19.39 − 0.0364t + 3.553 × 10−4T2 − 2.298 × 10−7T3, where 447≦ T ≦ 800°C. Even though these halite solubilities are up to ~7 wt.% higher than those reported in literature, extrapolated values at temperatures below 447°C merge with the literature values. It is considered that the equation adequately describes halite solubilities between 382 and 800°C. The newly established solubility data are believed to be more reliable because they are compatible with data obtained by using synthetic fluid inclusions and with the observed DTA signals and also because they were measured in a relatively corrosion-free system. In an earlier publication (GUNTER et al., 1983), we were puzzled greatly by multiple and rather unreproducible DTA peaks appearing during isobaric cooling (heating experiments were nondefinitive) at pressures below about 500 bars. These DTA signals apparently suggested that the “halite liquidus” swung sharply upward in temperature as pressure decreased from about 500 bars to that of the halite-saturated boiling curve. Further analysis of the data and helpful discussions with several individuals have revealed that the behavior is a consequence of the initial (precooling) separation of the fluid into NaCl-poor gas and NaCl-rich liquid that failed to homogenize in the short time encompassed by the DTA experiments. The present analysis is based on extrapolations of the dPdT slopes from pressures above 500 bars. Through use of these new halite solubility data and the data from synthetic fluid inclusions [formed by healing fractures in inclusion-free Brazilian quartz in the presence of two coexisting, immiscible NaCl-H2O fluids at various temperatures and pressures (Bodnar et al., 1985)], phase equilibria in the system NaCl-H2O have been redetermined to 1000°C and 1500 bars.
Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Virus‐Based Vectors Provide Short‐Term Rather Than Long‐Term Transduction of Primitive Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Bone marrow stem cells collected from B6-Gpi-1a mice pretreated with 5-fluorouracil were incubated for 2 h at 37°C in the presence of the recombinant adenovirus-associated virus-based vector (rAAV) SSV9. As measured in vitro immediately following transduction, SSV9 was found to be effective in transducing the primitive cobblestone-area-forming cell (CAFC)-35 subset (60% transduction efficiency). However, this did not predict long-term expression as the presence of the transgene could not be detected six months after transplantation of 1-2 × 106 transduced bone marrow stem cells into lethally irradiated recipients. CAFC analysis of bone marrow cells and Southern blot analysis of bone marrow and spleen cells were negative, and polymerase chain reaction analysis showed less than 0.1% transduction in bone marrow cells. Therefore, based on our study we conclude that rAAV transiently transduces hematopoietic stem cells but fails to integrate into the genome, leading to the loss of the reporter gene within the first six months after transplantation in vivo.
The Study of Damage Profile of Ion Implanted Layer on Si by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

We have determined the dielectric function of silicon samples which were implanted with 100-150 KeV P, As, Si ions to doses of 2·1014-1·1016cm−2, by a rotating analyser Automated ellipsometer in the spectral range 1.77− 4.59 eV. These data have been analyzed using a simplified three layer model.The results are compared with an earlier ellipsometric investigation [2].
Medical Home Infrastructure: Effect of the Environment and Practice Characteristics on Adoption in Virginia

This study examined whether environmental factors and practice characteristics influence the existence of patient-centered medical home elements in family practices in Virginia. The study used multiple secondary data sets to measure the external environment and a survey of family practices to enumerate and describe medical home elements and practice environment. Results show a positive association between organizational slack, organizational relationships, and stakeholder expectations on the existence of medical home elements. A negative association was found between competition and medical home elements. Medicare and managed care penetration were not associated with medical home elements. The ability or willingness, or both, of family practices to innovate along the patient-centered medical home model is constrained by important institutional and resource dependencies, and policy makers should take these constraints into account if there is to be widespread adoption of a medical home approach to fee-for-service practices.
Cervicofacial and cervicothoracic rotation flaps in head and neck reconstruction.

Background. Compound cervicofacial and cervicothoracic rotation flaps are highly versatile flaps that may be applied to a variety of defects of the cheek, orbit, periauricular region, and neck. These rotation advancement flaps should be a staple of the head and neck surgeon's reconstructive armamentarium. Methods. This is a retrospective review of medical records at a university-based head and neck cancer center. Results. Thirty-three patients were identified, with a mean age of 66 years. Primary or recurrent skin neoplasms made up the most common indication for surgery, followed by primary parotid tumors and cervical lymphatic metastases from upper aerodigestive tract malignancies. Defects of the cheek, orbit, periauricular region, and neck were reconstructed with cervicofacial or cervicothoracic flaps, with larger wounds requiring variable extension of the incision onto the chest wall. Other reconstructive modalities were used in 18 cases to increase tissue bulk or provide internal lining. Minor wound complications occurred in 13 patients. There was no statistically significant association between wound complications and smoking or previous radiation therapy. Conclusions. Compound cervicofacial and cervicothoracic rotation flaps provide a straightforward, reliable, and efficient means to reconstruct complex defects of the face, lateral skull base, and neck, with the potential for excellent cosmetic results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Thick-film resistor/dielectric interactions in a low temperature co-fired ceramic package

Various commercial thick-film resistors are processed with a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) packaging material. The electrical properties and microstructure of the resistors are correlated. Three types of resistor/dielectric interfaces are observed. The interactions that occur between the resistor and the dielectric during the co-sintering process are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the glass phase of the resistor material. These interactions between the resistor and the dielectric are kinetically controlled by glass flow at the sintering temperature and thermodynamically driven by the activity gradients between components in the glass phases. The effect of these interactions on the sheet resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance of the resistor materials are discussed. >
Time Series Models to Simulate and Forecast Wind Speed and Wind Power

Abstract A general approach for modeling wind speed and wind power is described. Because wind power is a function of wind speed, the methodology is based on the development of a model of wind speed. Values of wind power are estimated by applying the appropriate transformations to values of wind speed. The wind speed modeling approach takes into account several basic features of wind speed data, including autocorrelation, non-Gaussian distribution, and diurnal nonstationarity. The positive correlation between consecutive wind speed observations is taken into account by fitting an autoregressive process to wind speed data transformed to make their distribution approximately Gaussian and standardized to remove diurnal nonstationarity. As an example, the modeling approach is applied to a small set of hourly wind speed data from the Pacific Northwest. Use of the methodology for simulating and forecasting wind speed and wind power is discussed and an illustration of each of these types of applications is presen...
Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Japanese Plumyew)

The plumyew (Cephalotaxus Siebold and Zuccarini ex Endl. Family Cephalotaxaceae) was first reported in 1842 (Welch 1991). The native habitat for Cephalotaxus species is Southeast Asia; however, fossils have been found in North America and Europe (Rushforth 1987). Cephalotaxus are typically dioecious; however, there have been reports of monoecious plants (Ouden and Boom 1978). Branches are opposite or in whorls, branchlets are opposite, winter buds are ovoid and blunt with numerous imbricate persistent bud scales. The leaves are spirally arranged on ascending branches, spreading in two planes on side branches, pointed at the apex with a prominent midrib, and are dark green above with two broad glaucous bands below. Flowers are axillary, male flowers have globose heads in the axil of leaves, while female flowers are in the axil of scales at the base of branchlets. Seeds are ellipsoid, drupaceous, about 5 cm long and are initially green but become purplish as they mature. The seed coat is fleshy on the outside and hard inside (Ouden and Boom 1978). The foliage resembles the yew, needles are similar in shape and arranged in two rows; however, Cephalotaxus leaves are much longer and the fruiting habit is very different, clearly distinguishing Cephalotaxaceae from Taxaceae. Cephalotaxus differs from Torreya by having leaves which are soft and blunt rather than prickly pointed (van Gelderen 1986).
From DCPD to NTCP: The long journey towards identifying a functional hepatitis B virus receptor

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the prototype of hepatotropic DNA viruses (hepadnaviruses) infecting a wide range of human and non-human hosts. Previous studies with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) identified duck carboxypeptidase D (dCPD) as a host specific binding partner for full-length large envelope protein, and p120 as a binding partner for several truncated versions of the large envelope protein. p120 is the P protein of duck glycine decarboxylase (dGLDC) with restricted expression in DHBV infectible tissues. Several lines of evidence suggest the importance of dCPD, and especially p120, in productive DHBV infection, although neither dCPD nor p120 cDNA could confer susceptibility to DHBV infection in any cell line. Recently, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as a binding partner for the N-terminus of HBV large envelope protein. Importantly, knock down and reconstitution experiments unequivocally demonstrated that NTCP is both necessary and sufficient for in vitro infection by HBV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV), an RNA virus using HBV envelope proteins for its transmission. What remains unclear is whether NTCP is the major HBV receptor in vivo. The fact that some HBV patients are homozygous with an NTCP mutation known to abolish its receptor function suggests the existence of NTCP-independent pathways of HBV entry. Also, NTCP very likely mediates just one step of the HBV entry process, with additional co-factors for productive HBV infection still to be discovered. NTCP offers a novel therapeutic target for the control of chronic HBV infection.
The survival of US manufacturing – the ultimate management decision

Profitable manufacturing operations require cutting costs, reducing waste, increasing productivity and improving product quality. Several techniques to achieve increased manufacturing efficiency are examined here, including adopting "just–in–time" production, statistical process control, robotics and flexible manufacturing procedures. Increased research and development for new materials, products and processes, and using computers in design, engineering and manufacturing are essential to achieve the goal of coping with increasingly aggressive foreign competition. The goal of this presentation is to show that when management effectively coordinates the existing know–how and innovation of its workforce, and applies science and engineering in an appropriate manner, its company will be highly profitable and competitive.
Assembling a City in the Ocean: Sansha Island in the South China Sea and the New Politics of Chinese Territorialization

In 2012, the Chinese State Council upgraded Sansha, a tiny community on an island in the disputed region of the South China Sea, to the status of a prefecture-level city. The city population had not grown and while Sansha’s upgrade meant an increase of its administrative power, it meant very little in terms of physical construction or migration. Shortly after the declaration, 21 companies were approved to set up offices in Sansha, an official government website was launched, a newspaper was opened, and the island was extended to accommodate a new airport runway. This chapter examines how China has demonstrated that its understanding of “territory” goes beyond that which can be simply drawn on a map. China wishes to extend its territorial control over the South China Sea; the airspace above it, the islands in it, the surface of the ocean, the submarine spaces, and the ocean floor. The chapter considers how China’s creation of infrastructure in the South China Sea has become the focus of recent political conflicts between China and its neighboring countries. It concludes by considering how building infrastructure is reflected and interpreted in foreign policy and territorial disputes.
Application of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Rotational Atherectomy and Drug-Eluting Stent in Patients With Left Main Calcification and Stenosis Lesions

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention with rotational atherectomy(PCI-RA), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and drug-eluting stent(DES) for treating the patients with unprotected left main(ULM) calcification and stenosis lesions. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 8 patients with severe ULM calcification and stenosis who were treated in our hospital by RA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and DES implantation, and we followed-up their outcomes for 6~12 months. Results: All 8 patients went through the operation successfully; no advert cardiovascular events during the operation and 1 patient suffered from myocardial infarction(MI) at peri-operational period. There were no MI, cardiac deaths and other MACE recorded during the follow-up time. Conclusion: PCI-RA and DES implantation is effective and safe for treating ULM calcification and stenosis lesions, it should be an option of PCI in clinical practice.
Calculation of coiled cable temperature field using EFM

Provided a heat transfer model of coiled cable.Based on the method,software of EFM(ANSYS)was used to calculate the temperature field of coiled cable.Comparisons between the experiments of RVS coiled cable and numerical results indicated the EFM method is effective to forecast the temperature change of coiled cable.The simulation method based on EFM was proved to be useful for the fire risk assessment of coiled cable.
Mental Nerve Entrapment

Mental neuralgia causes chin pain and also causes “numb chin syndrome.” Although it is often triggered by dental or physical trauma, it may also be a harbinger of metastatic cancer. In this chapter we discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of mental neuralgia.
Verification of protein biomarker specificity for the identification of biological stains by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Advances in proteomics technology over the past decade offer forensic serologists a greatly improved opportunity to accurately characterize the tissue source from which a DNA profile has been developed. Such information can provide critical context to evidence and can help to prioritize downstream DNA analyses. Previous proteome studies compiled panels of "candidate biomarkers" specific to each of five body fluids (i.e., peripheral blood, vaginal/menstrual fluid, seminal fluid, urine, and saliva). Here, a multiplex quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay has been developed in order to verify the tissue/body fluid specificity the 23 protein biomarkers that comprise these panels and the consistency with which they can be detected across a sample population of 50 humans. Single-source samples of these human body fluids were accurately identified by the detection of one or more high-specificity biomarkers. Recovery of body fluid samples from a variety of substrates did not impede accurate characterization and, of the potential inhibitors assayed, only chewing tobacco juice appeared to preclude the identification of a target body fluid. Using a series of 2-component mixtures of human body fluids, the multiplex assay accurately identified both components in a single-pass. Only in the case of saliva and peripheral blood did matrix effects appear to impede the detection of salivary proteins.