cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Measurements of Anterior Tibial Translation Using the KT-1000 Knee Arthrometer With the Leg in Neutral, Internal Rotation, and External Rotation

Position of the leg while using the KT-1000 knee arthrometer may be an important variable in attaining accurate and reliable measurements. The purpose of this study was to compare the anterior translation of the tibia on the femur with the tibia in neutral, internal rotation (IR), and external rotation (ER). Additionally, data were analyzed to determine the intratester and intertester reliability of the KT-1000 knee arthrometer with the leg in neutral. Data were collected from 50 subjects by two testers and one recorder, according to MEDmetric protocol. Tester 1 performed three pulls or one sequence in neutral, IR, and ER. A second sequence was performed in neutral. Tester 2 performed two sequences in the neutral position. Data in each sequence were averaged and evaluated. Intertester reliability was calculated at r = .64 (poor), while intratester reliability for tester 1 was r = .90 (high) and for tester 2 was r = .86 (good). A repeated measure, one-way ANOVA was used, and results demonstrated a statistical difference of p < .0001, with the difference found between IR when compared with ER and neutral. In conclusion, differences in tibial translation occurred between neutral, IR, and ER of the lower extremity. This may prove valuable for clinicians using the KT-1000.
Rethinking Access with RDA (Resource Description and Access)

For over a decade, the cataloging community has been rethinking how it provides bibliographic access to resources in an increasingly digital environment. This rethinking has led to the development of Resource Description and Access (RDA) and its launch as an online product in June 2010. Grounded in a new conceptual framework, RDA differs from AACR2 in terms of its organization, terminology, and guidelines. This article will highlight some of the most significant changes relevant to catalogers of MARC records. It will also cover the history of RDA's development, its testing in the United States, and the various issues related to preparation for RDA implementation.
Statevector reduction in discrete time: A random walk in Hilbert space

A simple model is presented in which the statevector evolves every e seconds in one of two ways, according to a particular probability rule. It is shown that this random walk in Hilbert space results in reduction of the statevector. It is also shown how the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) theory of statevector reduction is achieved as a limiting case of this model, exactly as Brownian motion is a limiting case of ordinary random walk. Finally, a slightly different but completely equivalent form of the CSL equations suggested by the simple model given here is discussed.
Energy Metering for Free: Augmenting Switching Regulators for Real-Time Monitoring

We present iCount, a new energy meter design. For many systems that have a built-in switching regulator, adding a single wire between the regulator and the microcontroller enables real-time energy metering. iCount measures energy usage by counting the switching cycles of the regulator. We show that the relationship between load current and switching frequency is quite linear and demonstrate that this simple design can be applied to a variety of regulators. Our particular implementation exhibits a maximum error of less than plusmn20% over five decades of current draw, a resolution exceeding 1 muJ, a read latency of 15 mus, and a power overhead that ranges from 1% when the node is in standby to 0.01 % when the node is active, for a typical workload. The basic iCount design requires only a pulse frequency modulated switching regulator and a microcontroller with an externally-clocked counter.
Breeding for improved oilseeds

Breeding for improved oilseeds has traditionally emphasized improvement in yield, oil content and disease resistance. Improved protein has been sought by some breeders in recent years. The soybean varieties Provar and Protana were released in 1969 because they contain higher protein percentages than other varieties. Glandless cotton varieties are being bred by public and private breeders. Two glandless varieties have been released by commercial breeder-seedsmen, but one has been withdrawn because of low yield. It probably will be several years before glandless varieties are of commercial significance. Safflower germplasm has been screened and a source of improved lysine has been identified. This lead may be pursued, but major problems of disease susceptibility and high fiber content also demand attention. Emphasis in sunflower programs will be on developing higher yielding lines and on exploiting the possibility of developing hybrids. Sunflower research personnel is so limited that there is not likely to be any major effort on quality factors for some time. Sesame research is very limited, major emphasis being on control of shattering.
Dual-time scale crystal plasticity FE model for cyclic deformation of Ti alloys

A dual-time scale finite element model is developed in this paper for simulating cyclic deformation in a Titanium alloy Ti-6242. The material is characterized by crystal plasticity constitutive relations. Modeling cyclic deformation using conventional time integration algorithms in a single time scale can be prohibitive for crystal plasticity computations. Typically 3D crystal plasticity based fatigue simulations found in the literature are in the range of 100 cycles. Results are subsequently extrapolated to thousands of cycles, which can lead to considerable error in fatigue predictions. However, the dual-time scale model enables simulations up to a significantly high number of cycles to reach local states of damage initiation leading to fatigue crack growth. This formulation decomposes the governing equations into two sets of problems, corresponding to a coarse time scale (low frequency) cycle-averaged problem and a fine time scale (high frequency) oscillatory problem. A statistically equivalent 3D polycrystalline model of Ti-6242 is simulated by the crystal plasticity finite element model to study the evolution of local stresses and strains in the microstructure with cyclic loading. The comparison with the single time scale reference solution shows excellent accuracy while the efficiency gained through time-scale compression can be enormous.
Nuclear data sheets update for A = 239*

Abstract Experimental data pertaining to nuclear structure of nuclei with mass number A=239 have been compiled and evaluated.
Group U(6)⊗U(6) Generated by Current Components

It has been suggested (1-3) that the equal-time commutation rules of the time components of the vector and axial-vector current octets (Fiα and Fiα5, respectively) are the same as if these currents had the simple form Giα and Giα5, defined as follows.
Self-Recombination Rate Constants for 2-Propanol and tert-Butyl alcohol Radicals in Water†

The techniques of electron pulse radiolysis and direct detection ESR have been used to determine Arrhenius parameters for the self-recombination of 2-propanol (hydroxymethylethyl) and tert-butyl alcohol (2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-propyl) radicals in water. Rate constants of 2k7 = (1.56 ± 0.10) × 109 and 2k23 = (1.18 ± 0.20) × 109 dm3 mol-1 s-1 for these radicals were measured at 26.4 and 26.6 °C, respectively, with corresponding activation energies of 18.8 ± 1.2 (5.3−71.7 °C) and 15.83 ± 0.92 (8.5−69.8 °C) kJ mol-1 for these two reactions. These data are compared to available literature rate constants, and also to the results of diffusion-controlled rate constant calculations, which demonstrate that radical reactivity, not diffusion, dominates both recombination processes in water.
Application of a Mathematical Model to Estimate Water Levelsa

A mathematical model for estimating daily water levels from less than daily observations was used to analyze an existing water-level observation network on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The model assumes that the water-level fluctuation curve can be approximated by a simple harmonic function of the form: wl(x)=M+A cos(2π/T×+ C) + Bx where wl(x) is the water level for day number x. M, A, C and B are constants, and T is the harmonic period. The analysis indicated that for those sites which are not affected by tidal fluctuations or man-made influences (such as pumping), six water-level measurements per year would allow daily water levels to be interpolated with a standard error of estimate of about 0.06 meters.
Social inequality and assortative mating: cause or consequence?

Johnsonet al. (Behav. Genet. 17:1–7, 1987) have interpreted an apparent decline in assortative mating for educational attainment in Hawaii as being a consequence of increased social mobility and increased access to higher education. Data on the educational attainments of adult twin pairs and their spouses from the Virginia twin registry are reported which give no indication of a major decline in the intensity of assortative mating. A previous study of a Norwegian population (Heathet al., Behav. Genet. 15:349–369, 1985), in which an increase in equality of educational opportunity had been documented (Heathet al., Nature 314:734–736, 1985), observed remarkable constancy of the marital correlation for educational attainment. There is thus little evidence that decreases in social inequality in a society lead to a decline in assortative mating.
Alveolo-capillary diffusion of hyperpolarized 129Xe as a marker of pulmonary fibrosis

quantifying the lung's capacity for O2 uptake by diffusion across the alveolo-capillary tissue-plasma barrier followed by binding to hemoglobin is not straightforward, owing to the nonlinearity of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. Direct assessment of lung diffusing capacity for O2 (DLO2) is
A performance evaluation of cluster architectures

This paper investigates the performance of shared-memory cluster-based architectures where each cluster is a shared-bus multiprocessor augmented with a protocol processor maintaining cache coherence across clusters. For a given number of processors, sixteen in this study, we evaluate the performance of various cluster configurations. We also consider the impact of adding a remote shared cache in each cluster. We use Mean Value Analysis to estimate the cache miss latencies of various types and the overall execution time. The service demands of shared resources are characterized in detail by examining the sub-requests issued in resolving cache misses. In addition to the architectural system parameters and the service demands on resources, the analytical model needs parameters pertinent to applications. The latter, in particular cache miss profiles, are obtained by trace-driven simulation of three benchmarks.Our results show that without remote caches the performance of cluster-based architectures is mixed. In some configurations, the negative effects of the longer latency of inter-cluster misses and of the contention on the protocol processor are too large to counter-balance the lower contention on the data buses. For two out of the three applications best results are obtained when the system has clusters of size 2 or 4. The cluster-based architectures with remote caches consistently outperform the single bus system for all 3 applications. We also exercise the model with parameters reflecting the current trend in technology making the processor relatively faster than the bus and memory. Under these new conditions, our results show a clear performance advantage for the cluster-based architectures, with or without remote caches, over single bus systems.
Root Development and Absorption of Ammonium and Nitrate from the Rhizosphere

Plant roots operate in an environment that is extremely heterogeneous, both spatially and temporally. Nonetheless, under conditions of limited diffusion and against intense competition from soil microorganisms, plant roots locate and acquire vital nitrogen resources. Several factors influence the mechanisms by which roots respond to ammonium and nitrate. Nitrogen that is required for cell division and expansion derives primarily from the apex itself absorbing rhizosphere ammonium and nitrate. Root density and extension are greater in nutrient solutions containing ammonium than in those containing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. Root nitrogen acquisition alters rhizosphere pH and redox potential, which in turn regulate root cell proliferation and mechanical properties. The net result is that roots proliferate in soil zones rich in nitrogen. Moreover, plants develop thinner and longer roots when ammonium is the primary nitrogen source, an appropriate strategy for a relatively immobile nitrogen form.
Disclosure and Secrecy in Adolescent¿Parent Relationships

Beliefs about parents' legitimate authority and adolescents' obligations to disclose to parents and actual disclosure and secrecy in different domains were examined in 276 ethnically diverse, lower middle-class 9th and 12th graders (Ms=14.62 and 17.40 years) and their parents (n=249). Adolescents were seen as more obligated to disclose prudential issues and less obligated to disclose personal than moral, conventional, and multifaceted issues; parents viewed adolescents as more obligated to disclose to parents than adolescents perceived themselves to be. Adolescents disclosed more to mothers than to fathers, particularly regarding personal issues, but mothers overestimated girls' disclosure. Greater trust, perceived obligations to disclose, and, for personal issues, more parental acceptance and psychological control predicted more disclosure and less secrecy.
Analysis of T2 limitations and off-resonance effects on spatial resolution and artifacts in echo-planar imaging

Several aspects of blipped echo-planar imaging (EPI) are treated mathematically. An expression relating the necessary readout gradient strength and sampling time to the spatial resolution and readout duration is derived. It is shown how the net spatial resolution may be limited by the object's T2 characteristics and Bo field homogeneity, irrespective of the number of sampled points. Additionally, off-resonance effects result in a loss of spatial resolution and image distortion to a considerably greater degree than in conventional two-dimensional Fourier transform imaging. The extent of these effects is directly related to the time required to acquire the data matrix, and is therefore amplified when EPI is implemented on a standard commercial whole-body system which because of limited gradient performance uses necessarily longer sampling durations. Specific hardware modifications to a standard commercial imager are considered to allow successful EPI implementation. EPI image characteristics are compared quantitatively with those of conventional methods. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
Acquisition of spores on gloved hands after contact with the skin of patients with Clostridium difficile infection and with environmental surfaces in their rooms

In a prospective study of 30 patients with Clostridium difficile infection, we found that acquisition of spores on gloved hands was as likely after contact with commonly touched environmental surfaces (ie, bed rail, bedside table, telephone, call button) as after contact with commonly examined skin sites (ie, chest, abdomen, arm, hand).
The Relation between Structure and Properties of Crystalline Polymers

The influence of both structure and crystallization conditions on a variety of properties characteristic of semi-crystalline polymers are discussed. A careful distinction needs to be made between molecular structure and the independent structural variables which describe the crystalline state. This set of independent variables includes the degree of crystallinity; the structure of the non-crystalline regions; the crystallite thickness distribution; the structure and relative amount of interface; the crystallite structure and the supermolecular structure. The dependence of these variables on molecular structure and crystallization conditions are examined in detail as is their influence on properties. By following this procedure the influence of molecular structure on properties is deduced. A variety of thermodynamic, spectral and mechanical properties are analyzed by these methods.
Variations in Family Structure and School-Age Children's Academic Achievement: A Social and Resource Capital Perspective

Data from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999 (ECLS–K) involving more than 300 children who continuously resided in different variations of families from kindergarten through fifth grade were used to test the usefulness of social capital theory for understanding the academic improvement of school-age children over two points in time. Social capital theory was found to be a useful framework for explaining academic achievement for single-parent, stepparent, and biological family forms. Analyses revealed that children's change scores in reading and math differed across the three variations in family type. Children in single-parent households scored significantly lower than children from both biological and married stepparent households.
PERSISTENT METASTABLE STATES AND THE INHIBITED SCINTILLATION OF He II.

The scintillation of liquid helium produced by $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles has been measured with particular emphasis on the temperature region below 1.25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K which had not been studied previously. An interpretation of the observed inhibition of the scintillation below ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ is proposed which attributes the effect to a reduced radiative destruction rate of metastable states in He II.
The Pursuit of Subjectivity: An Interview with Tom Tykwer

German director Tom Tykwer stands poised to move into more global cinematic territory. His six feature-length films thus far (Deadly Maria, 1993; Winter Sleepers, 1997; Run, Lola, Run, 1998; The Pr...
Quantitative Measurements Of Pulsed Infrared Laser Tissue Ablation

Several new lasers that emit infrared laser radiation are being considered for surgical applications. In order to understand the irradiation and tissue parameters that control the infrared laser ablation process, three different, yet related, experiments were conducted. Ablation of guinea pig skin and bovine aorta, myocardium and liver using a TEA CO2 laser with a pulse duration of 2 μs was quantified by measuring the mass of tissue removed as a function of incident fluence per pulse. For per pulse fluences greater than 5 J/cm2 the ablation rate data are strongly dependent upon the mechanical strength of the tissue thus indicating a potential inadequacy of ablation models that do not consider tissue strength. The ablation of both soft and hard tissues using the normal-spiking-mode Er:YAG laser was quantified by measuring the number of pulses needed to perforate a measured thickness of tissue. The ablation of aorta and skin was more efficient than bone ablation. The ablation craters formed in skin and bone were the same shape as the incident laser beam, i.e. circular. In aorta, elliptical craters were formed at high fluence pulses; the long axis of the ellipse was always oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aorta. Again, tissue mechanical properties were shown to be important. Er:YAG laser ablation dynamics were studied using flash photography and optical pump-probe techniques. The velocity of the plume front was found to be approximately Mach 4. It was also shown that each spike in the normal-spiking-mode pulse train was capable of ablating and rapidly ejecting tissue. The combined results of the three experiments indicate that removal of tissue by infrared laser radiation is an explosive process, the speed of which is determined in part by the mechanical strength of the tissue.
Corticospinal tract plasticity and astroglial reactivity after cervical spinal injury in the postnatal rat.

Abstract We have investigated corticospinal (CS) axon growth around cervical spinal injury in the neonatal rat and related this growth to the astroglial reaction occuring at the lesion site. Rats received a high cervical over-hemisection (left dorsal funiculotomy, right spinal hemisection) and a right cortical ablation on Postnatal Days (PNDs) 0, 3, 6, 12, and 21 to 24 (weanlings). In chronic operates the remaining CS projection from the left sensorimotor cortex was then assayed using wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase as an anterograde tracer. In other operates the formation of the astroglial scar at the spinal lesion site was studied using a monoclonal antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein. In PNDs 0-6 operates labeled axons extend through the intact left hemicord to bypass the lesion. The labeled axons travel to the edge of the lesion, cross the midline, and pass lateral to the lesion within the dorsal and intermediate gray and dorsal lateral white matter. Axons project bilaterally to normal areas of CS termination in PND 0 operates for a distance of 2.5 to 4 spinal segments caudal to the lesion which decreases to 1.5 to 2 segments in PND 6 operates. In PND 12 and weanling operates labeled fibers do not grow around the lesion but instead are retracted rostrally. There is an astrocytic reaction to injury at all ages by 3 days postoperatively (p.o.) that becomes greater with age and p.o. survival time. A more complicated cystic scar forms in 6-day and older operates. These data show that there is an age-related change in the ability of CS axons to grow around spinal injury which ends near the time CS elongation and gliogenesis is complete in the spinal cord.
The Consistency of the Home Environment and Its Relation to Child Development

The study examined the relation of the consistency of the home environment during the first two years of life and children's intelligence test performance at age three for 72 black and white children. Little residual relation between 6-month Caldwell HOME scores and 3-year IQ scores was observed when 12-month HOME scores were partialled out. However, the residual between 12-month HOME and IQ was significant with 6-month HOME partialled out. Some residual relation was observed between 12-month HOME and 3-year IQ with 2-year HOME partialled out. A number of race and sex differences in the relation between HOME scores and IQ were observed with the relation being slightly higher for blacks than whites, especially during the first year of life. Black males showed the most atypical pattern of performance among the four race/sex subgroups
Overcoming doping bottlenecks in semiconductors and wide-gap materials

Abstract There often exist strong doping bottlenecks that may severely restrict potential applications of semiconductors, especially in wide-band-gap materials where bipolar doping is impossible. Recent rapid progress in semiconductor research has reached a point where these doping limitations must be overcome in order to tune semiconductors for precisely required properties. Here, we discuss how to find out what causes the doping bottlenecks. We based our discussion on a set of recent, novel developments regarding the doping limitations: the “doping limit rule” distilled from both phenomenological studies and from first-principles calculations. The thermodynamic doping bottlenecks are identified as due mainly to the formation of intrinsic defects whose formation enthalpies depend on the Fermi energy, and always act to negate the effect of doping.
Recovering the gradients of the solutions of second-order hyperbolic equations by interpolating the finite element solutions

We present a technique to generate better approximations to the gradients of the solutions of the second order hyperbolic (acoustic wave) equations by postprocessing finite element solutions with higher degree polynomial interpolation. The postprocessing procedure is inexpensive, local, vectorizable, and parallelizable. In addition, the postprocessing procedure is independent of the computation of the finite element solution; therefore it can be easily incorporated with the existing finite element codes to efficiently generate globally better approximations to the gradients or first order partial derivatives of the main quantities of the acoustic field modeled by the acoustic wave equation.
The Development of Sanātana Dharma in the Twentieth Century: A Rādhāsoamī Guru's Perspective

In his Satydrtha Prakdsa (Light of Truth), Svami Dayananda Sarasvati (1824-83) elaborated on the principles of his drya dharma? referring to Vedas, Upanisads, and the Manusmrti. He considered Vedic dharma the primeval eternal religion or "sanatana nityadharma"3 (Dayananda Sarasvati 1972: 919; see also Lajpat Rai 1915: 81; Upadhay 1960: 846). Dayananda Sarasvati rejected the Epics, the Puranas, the Samhitas and the Agamas and thus did not include sectarian Vaisnavism and Saivism in the scope of his Sanatana Dharma religion. Mohandas K. ("Mahatma") Gandhi (1869-1948) called himself a sandtanl Hindu (1950: 7) and emphasized the importance of the Vedas and of varnasramadharma. Gandhi, however, adopted a more tolerant approach toward different religious traditions and stressed love of god and service to humanity. His followers sought to overcome the hostility and exclusivity of the various religions. In contemporary Hinduism we find attempts to broaden the meaning of Sanatana Dharma as the eternal Hindu religion and to also embrace the religious traditions of the Jains, Buddhists, Sikhs, and all the traditions of Hinduism.
Ethnic differences in survival among Pacific Island patients diagnosed with cervical cancer.

Abstract Background. It was the purpose of this study to investigate whether Pacific Island (PI) ethnicity, Micronesian and Polynesian, is an independent prognostic factor in the survival of cervical cancer in a health care system with minimal racial bias and few barriers to access to care. Methods. Records from 1988 to 1999 were reviewed for the U.S. Military Health Care System. The medical records of women with the diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer were abstracted and clinical data recorded. A cohort analysis based on Pacific Island ethnicity was also performed on all patients treated at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) during this time period. Significant differences in distribution of clinical factors were determined by Wilcoxon rank-sum test and survival analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier actuarial statistics. Results. A total of 153 patients were identified who were treated at TAMC; 74 were of PI ethnicity. An additional 1400 patients were identified throughout the military health care system during this time. Forty-eight percent of non-PI TAMC patients were Caucasian, 14% Filipino, and 13% Korean. The mean age of PI was 45 versus 40 years for their non-PI counterparts. There was no difference in the distribution of the grade of tumors among cohorts analyzed. Seventy-five percent of non-PI patients presented at an early stage while 74% of PI women presented at an advanced stage. Twenty-three percent of PI patients had positive lymph nodes, versus 7% of non-PI patients. There was no difference in the radiation dosages among patients treated with primary radiation therapy. PI patients had a significantly decreased 5-year survival, 32% versus 71%, compared to their cervical cancer patient counterparts, P P Conclusion. PI women diagnosed with cervical cancer tend to present at an advanced age and stage with metastatic disease. They have a decreased survival that remains present after adjusting for age, stage, and grade. The poor prognosis is likely due to lack of uniform screening among this population; however, molecular etiologies and human papillomavirus could also contribute to decreased survival.
The cultural influences of information flow at work: Manager information behavior documented

This empirical study is the third in a series and builds on the results of two previous studies presented at the 2002 and 2003 ASIST Annual Meetings. It focuses on the information behaviors of line-managers. One-on-one interviews were conducted with practicing line-managers from a senior leadership team. Content analysis was used to draw the themes from the interview data. The results revealed that the internal information network was comprised of individual managers who served as information sources for each other. Reciprocity was the norm and power was the reward. Overall, the results of this study offer a different perspective of the social and cultural politics of information flow. Also information theorists and organizational leadership may gain a broader perspective of how closely integrated the flow of information is with the relationships among interacting managers.
Bile pigments in the blood serum of fish from the family Cottidae.

Abstract 1. 1. The sera of ten species of fish from the family Cottidae were examined for pigmentation. Eight species were found to have brightly colored sera with the coloration ranging from blue-green to red. 2. 2. The net coloration of the serum is due to varying amounts of red, blue and green chromoproteins. 3. 3. The chromophore of the blue and green chromoproteins was found to be biliverdin; the chromophore of the red chromoprotein is also a bile pigment possibly related to the phycobilins found in algae. 4. 4. The concentration of biliverdin in Cottidae (>0.06mg/ml) serum is significantly higher than the threshold bilirubin serum values in jaundice.
Effect of Lubricant Viscosity and Type on Ball Fatigue Life

Two separate investigations were conducted to determine the effect of lubricants on the fatigue life of M-1 tool steel balls in the rolling contact fatigue spin rig. In the first investigation four paraffinic mineral oils with viscosities of 5 to 113 centistokes at the 100F test temperature were used. Longer life was obtained with more viscous oil, life varying approximately as the 0.2 power of lubricant viscosity. In the second investigation of methyl silicone, a paraffinic mineral oil, a sebacate, a water base glycol and an adipate, each of which had a viscosity of about 10 centistokes at the 100F test temperature, were used. The 10 per cent life was about 40 times as great with the silicone (best) as with the adipate (poorest). The life results correlated fairly well with the pressure viscosity characteristics as estimated from lubricants of the same base stocks. Contributed by the ASLE Technical Committee on Bearings and Bearing Lubrication and presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society o...
Optimizing large parameter sets in variational quantum Monte Carlo

We present a technique for optimizing hundreds of thousands of variational parameters in variational quantum Monte Carlo. By introducing iterative Krylov subspace solvers and by multiplying by the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices as they are sampled, we remove the need to construct and store these matrices and thus bypass the most expensive steps of the stochastic reconfiguration and linear method optimization techniques. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by using stochastic reconfiguration to optimize a correlator product state wave function with a Pfaffian reference for four example systems. In two examples on the two dimensional Fermionic Hubbard model, we study 16 and 64 site lattices, recovering energies accurate to 1% in the smaller lattice and predicting particle-hole phase separation in the larger. In two examples involving an ab initio Hamiltonian, we investigate the potential energy curve of a symmetrically dissociated 4 × 4 hydrogen lattice as well as the singlet-triplet gap in free base porphin. In the hydrogen system we recover 98% or more of the correlation energy at all geometries, while for porphin we compute the gap in a 24 orbital active space to within 0.02 eV of the exact result. The number of variational parameters in these examples ranges from 4 × 10^3 to 5 × 10^5.
Absorption of chlorine into aqueous bicarbonate solutions and aqueous hydroxide solutions

Removal of chlorine from certain gas streams may be of industrial importance for certain chemical processes. The absorption of Cl{sub 2} into aqueous bicarbonate and aqueous hydroxide solutions was studied both experimentally and theoretically. The rate coefficient of the reaction between Cl{sub 2} and OH{sup {minus}} was estimated over the temperature range of 293--312 K and fitted by the Arrhenius equation: k{sub 24} = 3.56 {times} 10{sup 11} exp({minus}1,617/T). If Cl{sub 2} were assumed to react only with water and OH{sup {minus}} in an aqueous bicarbonate solution, the predicted absorption rate would be much lower than that experimentally measured. This suggests that Cl{sub 2} reacts with HCO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} in an aqueous bicarbonate solution. The rate coefficient of the reaction between Cl{sub 2} and HCO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} was estimated over the temperature range of 293--313 K and fitted by the Arrhenius equation: k{sub 21} = 5.63 {times} 10{sup 10} exp({minus}4,925/T). More importantly, under absorption conditions, the amount of hydroxide consumed for absorbing a specific amount of Cl{sub 2} into an aqueous hydroxide solution is almost twice the amount of bicarbonate consumed for absorbing the same amount of Cl{sub 2} into an aqueous bicarbonate solution.
The sequences of small proteins are not extensively optimized for rapid folding by natural selection

The thermodynamic stabilities of small protein domains are clearly subject to natural selection, but it is less clear whether the rapid folding rates typically observed for such proteins are consequences of direct evolutionary optimization or reflect intrinsic physical properties of the polypeptide chain. This issue can be investigated by comparing the folding rates of laboratory-generated protein sequences to those of naturally occurring sequences provided that the method by which the sequences are generated has no kinetic bias. Herein we report the folding thermodynamics and kinetics of 12 heavily mutated variants of the small IgG binding domain of protein L retrieved from high-complexity combinatorial libraries by using a phage-display selection for proper folding that does not discriminate between rapidly and slowly folding proteins. Although the stabilities of all variants were decreased, many of the variants fold faster than wild type. Taken together with similar results for the src homology 3 domain, this observation suggests that the sequences of small proteins have not been extensively optimized for rapid folding; instead, rapid folding appears to be a consequence of selection for stability.
Industrial fields and countervailing power: The transformation of distributed solar energy in the United States

Abstract The case of distributed solar energy (e.g., rooftop photovoltaics) and the electricity system in the U.S. is used to develop the theory of long-term transitions in large sociotechnical systems. The study shows the advantages of analyzing sociotechnical transitions as taking place in technological fields in which advocates of different design approaches struggle for position. Over time, grassroots innovations that are connected with aspirations of local ownership tend to be displaced by better-funded models of financing supported by corporations in the financial and technology industries. The processes of blockage by the incumbents, countervailing industrial power, and incorporation and transformation (by incumbents) are developed in a field theory framework to advance the study of large technological systems in general and sustainability transitions in particular.
Modeling of electron mobility in GaN materials

An analytical model for electron mobility in GaN has been developed. Scatterings due to ionized impurities, dislocations, acoustic phonons, and optical phonons were considered. The proposed model can accurately predict the electron mobility as a function of both the carrier concentration and the temperature. Results from this model were compared with the experimental results obtained from samples grown using metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition, molecular-beam epitaxy, and magnetron sputter epitaxy. The results show that this model can accurately predict the behavior of the mobility in GaN samples grown by different growth processes.
Activation of a Spatial, Temporal, and Spectrally Sculpted Front End for the Mercury Laser

We have produced over 500 mJ using a hybrid fiber-based master-oscillator system coupled with a Yb:S-FAP power amplifier. This system is designed with spatial, temporal, and spectral sculpting enabling broadband amplification correctable for gain narrowing.
“Broken Together”: Spirituality and Religion as Coping Strategies for Couples Dealing with the Death of a Child: A Literature Review with Clinical Implications

The death of a child is an event that can fall into the category of uncontrollable life events, testing the limits of the ability to control of bereaved parents. The literature reviewed showed that religious/spiritual coping is a unique way of coping and may be particularly important for couples who have lost a child. When assessing the couples’ coping strategies, marital therapists would be wise to look for religious/spiritual mechanisms that can be employed in the therapeutic process. Furthermore, the reviewers propose Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (Johnson, 2004, The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection, Routledge, New York) as well suited for helping couples grieving the death of their child.
Student Perceptions of Victimization by Bullies in School

This study reports student observations of victims and bullies in public schools including occurrence rates, seriousness, characteristics, and the adequacy of school responses.
Importance of Muscle Activations for Biofidelic Pediatric Neck Response in Computational Models

Objective: During dynamic injury scenarios, such as motor vehicle crashes, neck biomechanics contribute to head excursion and acceleration, influencing head injuries. One important tool in understanding head and neck dynamics is computational modeling. However, realistic and stable muscle activations for major muscles are required to realize meaningful kinematic responses. The objective was to determine cervical muscle activation states for 6-year-old, 10-year-old, and adult 50th percentile male computational head and neck models. Currently, pediatric models including muscle activations are unable to maintain the head in an equilibrium position, forcing models to begin from nonphysiologic conditions. Recent work has realized a stationary initial geometry and cervical muscle activations by first optimizing responses against gravity. Accordingly, our goal was to apply these methods to Duke University's head–neck model validated using living muscle response and pediatric cadaveric data. Methods: Activation s...
Harmonic oscillator driven by a quantum current.

We show that under certain circumstances a simple quantum harmonic oscillator driven by a quantum current evolves to unique pure states even if started as a mixed state. In various limits, these states exhibit nonclassical properties such as sub-Poissonian statistics, or more interestingly resemble macroscopic superpositions.
Privacy and location anonymization in location-based services

This article presents an overview of privacy problems and solutions to data in location based services, with the emphasis on understanding location privacy issues, alternative models, and architectures. It concludes with an outlook in location privacy research and its impact on mobile Internet, pervasive computing, and geo-spatial data management.
DO TIES BREAK FROM THE CHANGING OF THE GUARD? EXECUTIVE MOBILITY AND THE MARKET TIES OF FIRMS.

We test the proposition that the mobility of top managers in advertisers and advertising agencies weakens client-agency relationships. Social embeddedness theory suggests that if client-agency rela...
Benefits and Risks of Influenza Research: Lessons Learned

Given the yearly challenge of seasonal influenza and the potential catastrophic consequences of future pandemics, the need for intensive basic and clinical influenza research is unquestionable. Although the fruits of decades of research have enabled dramatic improvements in our ability to prevent and treat influenza, many fundamental questions remain, including those related to the complex factors associated with host switching and transmission of influenza viruses. Recent public concern over two H5N1 influenza manuscripts that studied the transmissibility of influenza viruses has triggered intense discussion on dual-use research and the way forward.
Peri-implant fracture of the femur in an 11-year-old: a case report

Fracture of the femur in the area of a pre-existing implant is not common in an adolescent. We report the case of a fracture, in the area of a pre-existing implant in an 11-year-old boy, after a fall from a bike. We are not aware of any similar reports in the literature.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Cognitive Hypnotherapy, Mindfulness, and Acceptance-Based Treatment Approaches

In this article, we describe how cognitive hypnotherapy can be used in conjunction with evidence-based practices for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We review cognitive-behavioral interventions for PTSD, including mindfulness and acceptance-based approaches, and contend that (a) empirical support for the use of hypnosis in treating a variety of conditions is considerable; (b) hypnosis is fundamentally a cognitive-behavioral intervention; (c) psychological interventions with a firm footing in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are well-suited to treat the symptoms of PTSD; and (d) hypnosis can be a useful adjunct to evidence-based cognitive-behavioral approaches, including mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions, for treating PTSD.
A new member of the troponin C superfamily: Comparison of the primary structures of rat oncomodulin and rat parvalbumin

When the amino-acid sequence of the 108-residue, rat tumour calcium-binding protein, oncomodulin, was aligned with that of rat muscle parvalbumin, 55 homologous positions were found, with an additional 33 single base-pair substitutions. This extensive homology, with virtual identity of the calcium-binding domains, signalled oncomodulin to be a member of the troponin C superfamily. The presence of Cys-18 and Phe-66 in oncomodulin, plus its isoelectric point of 3.9) suggest that this tumour protein is a 8-parvaJbumin, rather than a muscle α-parvalbumin.
The potential value of imprint cytology in cytochemical localization of steroid hormone receptors in ovarian cancer

Steroid hormone receptors were studied in 45 patients with primary, recurrent, or metastatic ovarian cancer in cryostat-frozen sections and imprint preparations. The ligands, 17 B-estradiol-6-carboxymethyloxine-bovine serum albumin fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-BSA estradiol) and hydroxyprogesteronehemisuccinate bovine serum albumin tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TMRITC-BSA progesterone) were used in the fluorescent cytochemical method. Results were compared with standard dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) biochemical assay. An overall significant correlation between biochemical values and cytochemical results was found. However, the imprint results were more sensitive and more specific than the frozen section results. A statistically significant difference (P less than 0.05) was observed between touch preparation material and frozen section specimens by the fluorescent method.
Phenanthrene Metabolism in Smokers: Use of a Two-step Diagnostic Plot Approach to Identify Subjects with Extensive Metabolic Activation

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke are among the most likely causes of lung cancer. PAHs require metabolic activation to initiate the carcinogenic process. Phenanthrene (Phe), a noncarcinogenic PAH, was used as a surrogate of benzo[α]pyrene and related PAHs to study the metabolic activation of PAHs in smokers. A dose of 10 μg of deuterated Phe ([D10]Phe) was administered to 25 healthy smokers in a crossover design, either as an oral solution or by smoking cigarettes containing [D10]Phe. Phe was deuterated to avoid interference from environmental Phe. Intensive blood and urine sampling was performed to quantitate the formation of deuterated r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene ([D10]PheT), a biomarker of the diol epoxide metabolic activation pathway. In both the oral and smoking arms approximately 6% of the dose was metabolically converted to diol epoxides, with a large intersubject variability in the formation of [D10]PheT observed. Two diagnostic plots were developed to identify subjects with large systemic exposure and significant lung contribution to metabolic activation. The combination of the two plots led to the identification of subjects with substantial local exposure. These subjects produced, in one single pass of [D10]Phe through the lung, a [D10]PheT exposure equivalent to the systemic exposure of a typical subject and may be an indicator of lung cancer susceptibility. Polymorphisms in PAH-metabolizing genes of the 25 subjects were also investigated. The integration of phenotyping and genotyping results indicated that GSTM1-null subjects produced approximately 2-fold more [D10]PheT than did GSTM1-positive subjects.
Automated MTF analyzer for spectacle lenses

An optical testing instrument, the Eyeglass Image Quality Mapper, has been developed that maps the power, astigmatism, and modulation transfer function over the surface of a progressive addition eyeglass lens. This instrument models the manner in which the eye views different regions of the lens and is automated so that testing can be performed without supervision and in a reasonable amount of time.In this paper, we describe the concept development, final design, and use of the instrument.
AGRICULTURAL CONSERVATION PROGRAM: AN EVALUATION

The Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP), is undergoing a new, rigorous evaluation to determine its effectiveness in conserving the Nation's agricultural soils and waters. ACP deals with many types of conservation practices, but the focus here is on the evaluation of soil and water related practices. ACP has depended heavily on the State and private forestry services, Soil Conservation Service, and the Cooperative Extension Services, for technical expertise. Thus, the process is an evaluation of the effectiveness of a “team of agencies,” as well as of the program itself. Results of the evaluation have helped to develop new thrusts which have moved ACP further into the position of treating the total conservation problem. Phase I has its limitations. It did not address the impact of wind erosion, water quality, change in productive capacity, soil quality, wildlife habitat, off site and farm income impacts. It does show that ACP has and is doing a very good job in meeting its stated purposes. It is clear that ACP's effectiveness can be improved with more and better advanced planning and more intensive use of soil maps, the USLE, and other scientific tools. ACP is headed in this direction.
The role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of gastric malignancies

Helicobacter pylori is the world’s most common chronic bacterial infection, colonizing more than half of the population globally. Although all strains cause persistent gastric inflammation, most cases are asymptomatic; only 15% result in peptic ulcer disease and less than 2% of cases will develop gastric adenocarcinoma or the even rarer mucosa associated lymphoma (MALT). Considerable evidence implicates H. pylori in the pathogenesis of gastric malignancies-still a major burden in much of the world. Interactions between host factors, environmental factors and specific H. pylori constituents (or virulence factors) are important in determining the outcome of infection. Despite the relative ease of eradicating H. pylori with 1–2 week course of proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics in individuals, whether to actively seek occult H. pylori infection at the population level to attempt to prevent the burden of H. pylori-associated gastric malignancy remains surprisingly controversial.