cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration of superficial myxoid neurofibroma in the region of the breast

Myxoid neurofibromas are benign spindle cell tumors of perineural cell origin with a broad pathologic differential diagnosis, which includes myxoma, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. We present an unusual case of superficial myxoid neurofibroma in the region of the breast that underwent pre-operative fine-needle aspiration (FNA). The differential diagnosis for a myxoid subcutaneous lesion should include myxoid neurofibroma when myxoid material is encountered in an otherwise hypocellular FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:427–431. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors with a Morphologically Apparent High-Grade Component: A Pathway Distinct from Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Purpose: Most well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (WD-NET) of the enteropancreatic system are low-intermediate grade (G 1 , G 2 ). Elevated proliferation demonstrated by either a brisk mitotic rate (>20/10 high power fields) or high Ki-67 index (>20%) defines a group of aggressive neoplasms designated as high-grade (G 3 ) neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). High-grade NEC is equated with poorly differentiated NEC (PD-NEC) and is associated with a dismal outcome. Progression of WD-NETs to a high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm very rarely occurs and their clinicopathologic and molecular features need to be characterized. Experimental Design: We investigated 31 cases of WD-NETs with evidence of a component of a high-grade neoplasm. The primary sites included pancreas, small bowel, bile duct, and rectum. Histopathology of the cases was retrospectively reviewed and selected IHC and gene mutation analyses performed. Results: The high-grade component occurred either within the primary tumor (48%) or at metastatic sites (52%). The clinical presentation, radiographic features, biomarkers, and the genotype of these WD-NETs with high-grade component remained akin to those of G 1 –G 2 WD-NETs. The median disease-specific survival (DSS) was 55 months (16–119 months), and 2-year and 5-year DSS was 88% and 49%, respectively—significantly better than that of a comparison group of true PD-NEC (DSS 11 months). Conclusions: Mixed grades can occur in WD-NETs, which are distinguished from PD-NECs by their unique phenotype, proliferative indices, and the genotype. This phenomenon of mixed grade in WD-NET provides additional evidence to the growing recognition that the current WHO G 3 category contains both WD-NETs as well as PD-NECs. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 1011–7. ©2015 AACR .
Multilevel text mining for bone biology

Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and debilitating fractures and is likely to reach epidemic proportions. Because of the vigorous research taking place in fields related to osteoporosis, bone biologists are overwhelmed by the amount of literature being generated on a regular basis. This problem can be alleviated by inferring and extracting novel relationships among biological entities appearing in the biological literature. With the development of large online publicly available databases of biological literature, such an approach becomes even more appealing. The novel relationships between biological terms thus discovered constitute new hypotheses that can be verified using experiments. This paper presents a novel method called multilevel text mining for the extraction of potentially meaningful biological relationships. Multilevel mining uses transitive maximum flow graph analysis coupled with set combination operations of union and intersection. Set operators are applied along and across the paths of a transitive flow graph to combine the data. In the first level of the multilevel mining process, protein domain names are used. Novel relationships between domains are extracted by the transitive text mining analysis. In the second level, these newly discovered relationships are used to extract relevant protein names. Set operators are used in various combinations to obtain different sets of results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An inexpensive polarimetric FM radar and polarimetric signatures of artificial sea ice

The authors developed an inexpensive FM radar for polarimetric scattering measurements., The system was designed for collecting polarimetric data at 5.3 and 10 GHz over incidence angles from 0 degrees to 60 degrees . The unique features of the system include fine range resolution, phase stabilization, and linearization of the RF oscillator and digital signal processing capability. The system is used for collecting polarimetric scattering data from artificial sea ice at the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in Hanover, New Hampshire. The authors discuss the design, construction, and performance of the polarimetric radar and present results from the CRREL experiments. >
Performance Evaluation of Unstructured Mesh Physics on Advanced Architectures

Unstructured mesh physics codes tend to exhibit different performance characteristics than other types of codes such as structured mesh or particle codes, due to their heavy use of indirection arrays and their irregular memory access patterns. For this reason unstructured mesh mini-apps are needed, alongside other types of mini-apps, to evaluate new architectures and hardware features. This paper uses one such mini-app, PENNANT, to investigate performance trends on architectures such as the Intel Xeon Phi, IBM BlueGene/Q, and NVIDIA K40 GPU. We present basic results comparing the performance of these platforms to each other and to traditional multicore CPUs. We also study the usefulness for unstructured codes of various hardware features such as hardware threading, advanced vector instructions, and fast atomic operations.
Direct analysis of trivernolin by high‐performance liquid chromatography

A rapid liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation of trivernolin in epoxy seed oils has been developed. A weighed sample of the oil is dissolved in chloroform (∼100–300 mg/ml), and a 1–20µl portion of the oil is chromatographed on a 2 ft×1/4 in. OD C18 µ-Bondapak column with acetonitrile-acetone (2:1, v/v). The area of the trivernolin peak from the differential refractometer recorder tracing is converted toµg trivernolin by use of a calibration curve of peak area vs. trivernolin weight.
Quantitatively directed sampling for main channel and hyporheic zone water-quality modeling

Abstract Management of water quality in streams and rivers, including determinations and allocations of acceptable total maximum daily loads (TMDLs), requires use of calibrated and reliable water quality models for prediction of pollutant concentrations under alternative management or load allocation scenarios. However, the accuracy and reliability (precision) of a model can be no greater than those of the input parameters upon which its predictions are based. Thus, questions facing model users concern which of the potentially many model parameters should be estimated based on field sampling, and where those parameters should be sampled along the length of a stream. Quantitatively directed exploration (QDE), a quantitative method for directing field sampling efforts, is presented herein as a mean to both identify parameters to sample, and where to sample them. The QDE approach is demonstrated for a stream where the transient storage effects of the hyporheic zone are important considerations for water quality modeling. The fundamental idea underlying QDE is that the reliability (i.e. variance) of a model-predicted result is a function of the variances of the model inputs. By examining individual contributions to the total variances of model predictions, it provides a means for identification of those parameters and their sampling locations that have the greatest influences. In doing so, it yields an objective and quantifiable way to reduce the model output variance, and hence to improve the reliability of the model results. In this paper, model predictions are taken as pollutant concentrations in a stream channel. In the interest of making a clear exposition of the QDE approach, while not cluttering the presentation with unnecessary complications, the water quality model used in this paper is a simple feed-forward system of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs).
The transition from Lamb waves to longitudinal waves in plates

We use finite element simulations and experiments to examine the excitation of waves in a plate by normal forces applied to an edge. At low values of the frequency–plate-thickness product, fd, multiple Lamb wave modes are excited with different group velocities, but increasing fd leads to the formation of a train of well-defined nearly longitudinal pulses. We investigate the transition between these two wave types, and for the train of nearly longitudinal pulses we determine the rate at which energy is transferred from the leading pulse to the trailing pulses. Finally, we examine the potential of these longitudinal waves for flaw detection. Experiments and simulations show that the longitudinal pulse train is reflected or transmitted from a slot without significant mode conversion.
Low temperature synthesis of cubic lanthanum sulfide (La2S3) powders

Abstract Sulfide compounds are currently being developed as optical window materials for the visible and the 8–14 μm IR bands. While research in the development of ZnS and CaLa 2 S 4 materials has matured to an extent, the potential of cubic La 2 S 3 as an optical material for the far-IR window technology remains relatively unexplored. We report a wet chemical synthesis route for the preparation of lanthanum oxysulfide precursors from metal alkoxides. Using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the phase development and morphology of the as-prepared and transformed powders, the oxysulfide precursor has been shown to transform into the cubic (γ) form of La 2 S 3 .
Structure and dynamics of partially solidified systems

Snowflakes and silicate mushes are two examples of the terrestrial regimes that may be characterized as partially solidified systems. Change of phase in clouds and magma chambers as well as in the earth's mantle and core introduces a variety of phenomena to challenge both the mathematical modeler and the experimentalist intent upon understanding the nature of such processes. Paralleling the efforts of researchers in the natural sciences, metallurgists and materials scientists have extensively investigated solidification in alloy melts to discover the controlling mechanisms for undesirable behavior such as melt segregation, freckling (Figure 1), and crystal dislocation. Unfortunately, most of the studies, whether in the geosciences or in material sciences, have focused on highly specialized problems with little or no attempt at generalizing the results or methods to other physical systems. During May 12–16, 1986, at the Stanford University Conference Center at Fallen Leaf Lake, Calif., a workshop sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) provided a forum for the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas on the structure and dynamics of partially solidified systems.
Student technology fellows program: teaching teachers the technology

Universities are facing a dearth of technology-trained persons to assist with the increased use of technology in the classroom or for course delivery. Several programs have been tried in South Dakota to alleviate this pending crisis. There have been faculty awards for teaching with technology, technical training through internal reinvestments, and peer mentorships, to mention a few. These incentives and training have resulted in a large number of faculty exploring new skills in the classroom. They now desire development of web sites for courses, addition of multimedia to augment lectures, and on-line activities using simulations and other devices to enhance the knowledge of their students. These demands and changes in curriculum to accommodate new technologies have severely strained the support organizations of the campuses. To meet this need of increased technical support of faculty in the curriculum, a program involving Student Technology Fellows was created. The specific mission was, and is, to assist faculty in integrating technology into their teaching. The FY2000 Governor's Budget Request for this challenging program was approved and the South Dakota legislature appropriated to the Board of Regents sufficient funds to establish a technology fellowship for students at each of the state's six public institutions of higher learning. The project was inaugurated for the Fall 2000 semester.
Natural Convection in Vertical Annuli: A Numerical Study for Constant Heat Flux on the Inner Wall

A numerical investigation has been conducted to evaluate the effects of diameter ratio and aspect ratio in natural convection of gases within vertical annuli. The inner cylinder is maintained at uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder at constant temperature. The horizontal top and bottom walls are insulated. Detailed result of {le} 15, 1 {le} A {le} 10, and 100 < Ra{sub L}* < 10{sup 7}. The inner wall temperature is a function of diameter ratio and aspect ratio. The heat transfer results have been compared with those for isothermal heating, and have been found to be higher. The inner wall temperature is a function of diameter ratio and aspect ratio. The heat transfer results have been compared with those for isothermal heating, and have been found to be higher. The inner diameter is seen to be the appropriate length scale for high Rayleigh number flows and/or high radius ratios, and the radius ratio effect on heat transfer is seen to be insignificant for radius ratios greater than 10. The heat transfer results based on the inner diameter are in very good agreement with published experimental results, although these experiments were conducted for very high aspect ratio. Heat transfer correlationsmore » are provided.« less
Elucidation of the nature and function of the granular oyster amebocytes through histochemical studies of normal and traumatized oyster tissues

A remarkable “humoral” component of the oyster inflammatory response was elucidated by employing the tools of the determinative histochemist. The humoral component, characterized by the release of copper and a diazotized p-nitroaniline-positive material from an acidophilic granular amebocyte, was associated with the oyster “inflammatory” reaction. Grossly, this humoral response was associated with the appearance of an avocado or pea green coloration in the traumatized area. A second amebocytic cell type, termed the basophilic granular amebocyte, was observed swelling in traumatized areas and may have released an additional humoral component into injured regions. Copper released in response to trauma was bound to the cells in and around the wound site and appeared to be most avidly bound by the granules of the basophilic granular amebocytes. Once incorporated into the granular matrix of these amebocytes, copper appeared to stabilize and prevent the granule from swelling.
Poly(A) polymerase and poly(A)-specific mRNA binding protein are antigenically related

THE polysomal mRNA of eukaryotes is associated with at least two tightly binding proteins of approximate molecular weights 75,000 and 60,0001–5. The 75,000 MW polypeptide (P75) is specifically bound to the poly(A) portion of the mRNA2,6,7. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA molecules (HnRNAs), which apparently contain the precursors to the cytoplasmic mRNAs, are also associated with several polypeptides5,8. Although the array of proteins bound to HnRNAs is more complex than that bound to mRNAs, one major protein of MW 75,000 is associated with the poly(A) tracts in the HnRNA8. It has been postulated that the nuclear P75 is identical to the cytoplasmic polypeptide of the same size8. It has also been suggested that P75 is responsible for the transport of poly(A)-containing mRNAs from nucleus to cytoplasm9. However, direct evidence for the function of P75 has been lacking. While characterising poly(A) polymerase (EC 2.7.7.19), the enzyme responsible for the post-transcriptional addition of poly(A) to the 3′ terminus of the mRNA, we observed several similarities with P75. In particular, both occur in the nucleus in soluble and bound states10–12, can be isolated from polysomes2,5,13,14 or post-microsomal cytoplasm13–18, have almost identical amino acid compositions13,19, and have similar MWs of 75,000 and 60,000 (refs 19, 20), respectively. Unfortunately, the conditions required for P75 purification have precluded determination of any associated enzyme activity. We have circumvented this difficulty by raising antibody to poly(A) polymerase, and developing a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for this enzyme. We now report that P75 can form complexes with antibodies to poly (A) polymerase and can compete with this protein in the radioimmunoassay. These data suggest that the two polypeptides are structurally similar and, possibly, identical.
The differentiation antigens of macrophages in human fetal liver.

Abstract Macrophage populations from human fetal liver were examined for the sequential appearance of different antigenic determinant during maturation. Frozen sections of liver, from 12 to 21 weeks gestation were analyzed using a series of four monoclonal antibodies with known specificity. The macrophage monoclonal antibodies used were OKM-1, which defines monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes; Leu M-3 and MO-2, which identify monocytes and macrophages; and 6B8, a new macrophage monoclonal antibody which binds to tissue macrophages. The staining pattern described by each of these monoclonal reagents was compared with the distribution of morphologically distin-guishable tissue macrophages in fetal liver, based on the expression of surface and/or cytoplasmic antigens. The data indicate that the antigens defined by OKM-1 and 6B8 are present on large numbers of cells as early as 12 weeks gestation. In contrast, the antigenic determinants identified by Leu M-3 and MO-2 are present only on cells in 15 to 21 weeks of gestation; thus these antigens are mature differentiation antigens. Further-more, double-staining studies confirmed that with the increase in fetal age unique macrophage populations can be identified based on the matrix of antigenic determinants. Thus, macrophage heterogeneity in the fetal liver may be a function of maturation.
The Longitudinal Interplay of Maternal Warmth and Adolescents' Self-Disclosure in Predicting Maternal Knowledge.

This study examined the longitudinal associations among maternal warmth, adolescents' self-disclosure, and maternal knowledge during the transition to adolescence. Three years of self-report data were collected from 131 married mothers and their adolescents. Results from longitudinal analysis using adolescent reports indicated that greater maternal warmth in sixth grade predicted higher levels of adolescents' self-disclosure in seventh grade, which in turn led to higher levels of maternal knowledge in eighth grade. Thus, adolescents' self-disclosure served as an indirect link between higher maternal warmth and greater knowledge over time. An alternative model with prior self-disclosure predicting subsequent maternal warmth and knowledge was not supported. Overall, this study demonstrated a time-ordered process by which maternal warmth and adolescents' self-disclosure predict maternal knowledge. Understanding such processes that affect parental knowledge may be beneficial for future prevention and intervention efforts during the transition to adolescence.
Generation, analysis and comparison of multiple structural design alternatives in an interactive real-time environment

Current methods of analyzing multiple design configurations can be labor intensive and typically require engineers to make relatively indirect comparisons between structural models. This paper presents an approach designed to support convenient management and analysis of multiple design configurations, and to provide a high degree of spatial and temporal congruence for model visualization, thereby allowing more direct comparisons to be made. This ultimately can allow for a more thorough evaluation of design alternatives, while decreasing the workload needed to perform these analyses.
Managed disturbance enhances biodiversity of restored wetlands in the agricultural Midwest

Abstract We compared plant diversity in four restored and four natural wetlands in the glaciated interior plains to evaluate how quickly plant biodiversity develops following cessation of agriculture and reintroduction of wetland hydrology. After approximately ten years, restored wetlands had plot and site richness comparable to natural wetlands; 6.2 + 0.5 species per plot and 33.8 + 2.3 species per site for restored wetlands versus 5.5 + 1.3 species per plot and 27 + 6.4 species per site for natural wetlands. The natural wetlands, however, contained higher quality plant communities based on greater abundance of hydrophytic plant species (OBL, FACW, and FAC) and species with higher Coefficients of Conservatism (C of C). There was no difference in the Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) values for natural and restored wetlands. The comparable plot and site diversity of restored wetlands is attributed to the use of management tools (such as seeding, prescribed burning, and herbicidal treatments) during restorations that enhance species richness and diversity and shorten the time required for the plant community of restored wetlands to converge with levels in natural wetlands. Further investigation of active management techniques is needed to better understand how they can contribute to the restoration of a diverse assemblage of wetland vegetation.
A surface study of the chemistry of zinc, cadmium, and mercury in portland cement

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a surface sensitive technique, is employed in the elucidation of chemical information regarding the environment of the priority metal pollutants; zinc, cadmium, and mercury, solidified in Portland cement. The metals were added as the aqueous solution of the salts [Zn(NO3)2, Cd(NO3)2, Hg(NO3)2] as 10% 3nd 20% by weight nitrate (hydrated). Standards of undoped Portland cement were prepared with cation-free water. The locations of metal ions, with respect to the bulk and surface of the cement matrix as a function of the interfacial phenomena of the alkaline medium, were probed. Bulk and topographical examinations were carried out using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Zinc, cadmium, and mercury are thought to exhibit dissimilar chemistries in the highly buffered alkaline medium. Their final solidification products seem to differ in how they are contained in the matrix. Mercury appears to be stabilized through physical interactions in the cement matrix, existing in mercury-rich deposits. The most impacting observation lies in the tremendous increase in surface carbonate formation in all the metal-ion doped cements.
On the possibility of a yen currency bloc for Pacific-Basin countries: A stochastic dominance approach☆

Abstract The purpose of this study is to infer from economic fundamentals the potential for the Japanese yen to emerge as the dominant reserve currency in Pacific Asia. Evidence related to trade flows and invoicing currency practices indicates that a yen currency bloc cannot be supported from a transactions demand perspective. The same conclusion pertains when risk and return characteristics of central bank portfolio choices are considered. The methodology of generalized stochastic dominance is applied to rank the realized return distributions from holding five single currency baskets, a trade weighted basket and an ‘optimal’ currency basket for 18 Pacific-Basin countries. For returns on open positions in reserve currencies, the yen is only preferred by effectively risk neutral Pacific-Basin central bankers. In the more realistic case of central banks holding interest-earning Eurocurrency deposits, the yen is never supported as a dominant reserve currency. Instead, the U.S. dollar and the trade weighted basket appear to be more likely candidates for a Pacific-Basin currency peg.
Production-history projections of fuels and some crucial metals in the United States

Abstract The production-history projection method of the authors is refined to determine the earliest date at which reasonably well determined depletion parameters can be ascertained. The method is applied to the United States production data for silver, crude oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore and uranium ore.
Efficacy of verapamil in exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia.

Abstract The antiarrhythmic efficacy of verapamil was determined by serial treadmill testing in 16 patients with reproducible exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT). Twelve of the 16 patients responded to verapamil, 0.2 mg/kg intravenously; in 8 of these 12 responders, an oral verapamil regimen of 160 to 320 mg given every 8 hours also prevented exercise-induced VT. Plasma verapamil concentration was significantly higher in the responders than in the nonresponders to intravenous verapamil, but levels were similar in responders and nonresponders to oral therapy. The 8 responders to the oral drug were followed up while receiving verapamil therapy for 6 to 22 months (mean 15), and exercise-induced VT did not recur in any patient. Five of the 8 responders also had concomitant spontaneous VT unrelated to exercise which verapamil suppressed initially as well: 4 remained free of spontaneous VT, while 1 patient had recurrence of spontaneous VT. Thus, in patients with exercise-induced VT, verapamil is a promising alternative therapy to β-adrenergic blocking agents. The effectiveness of verapamil is consistent with a mechanism of arrhythmogenesis involving calcium channels.
Chronicity and relapse in geriatric depression

Recent advances in the methodology of longitudinal investigations have permitted the identification of predictors of chronicity and relapse of depression. However, findings from mixed-age populations may not be directly applicable to geriatric depression. The effects of medical illness, cognitive dysfunction, and neuroradiological abnormalities on the outcome of geriatric depression merit further evaluation. Late-onset depression requires special attention, since medical and neurological disorders may be particularly important factors in these cases.
On S-wave directivity patterns

Plane‐wave directivity patterns for both P- and S-waves approaching a free surface are well known (Knopoff et al., 1957, Figure 3–5). These have been shown to apply in a reciprocal manner to time‐harmonic S-waves emanating from vertical and horizontal sources (Miller and Pursey, 1954; Cherry, 1962) in both two‐dimensional (2-D) and three‐dimensional (3-D) cases. Knopoff and Gilbert (1959) showed that the plane‐wave directivity patterns also apply to the first motions seen in the impulsive‐source case (3-D) and Pilant (1979, sec. 9–6) showed that they held in the equivalent 2-D problem. Theoretical expressions for these patterns are given by Pilant (ibid) as Dzs(θ)=2sinθscosθs(a2-sin2θs)1/2(1-2sin2θs)2+4sin2θscosθs(a2-sin2θs)1/2,1 and Dxs(θ)=cosθs(1-2sin2θs)(1-2sin2θs)2+4sin2θscosθs(a2-sin2θs)1/2,2 where θs is measured from the vertical and the positive z-axis is into the medium. The x-axis lies along the free surface and the quantity a=vs/vp. For angles greater than critical (θc=sin-1a), the proper expres...
Heterogeneous Cloud Computing: The Way Forward

Cloud computing developers face multiple challenges in adapting systems and applications for increasingly heterogeneous datacenter architectures.
Spousal concordance for cancer incidence: A cohort study.

BACKGROUND Because married couples share at least their home environment, spousal aggregation of cancer might provide clues to unsuspected etiologic factors. The authors sought to measure the concordance of cancer occurrence in married couples and explore factors that might explain greater-than-expected concordance. METHODS The authors identified 25,670 cancer-free married couples in northern California who were followed for up to 31 years for the development of cancer. In Cox proportional hazards analysis, the development of cancer in a spouse was treated as a time-dependent, independent variable, and spouse-with/spouse-without risk ratios were determined, controlling for age and gender. For selected concordant espoused pairs, additional explanatory information was sought in their medical records. RESULTS There was no excess concordance for all cancers combined; the spouse-with/spouse-without risk ratio was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.05). Statistically significant husband-wife associations were found only for cancer of the tongue and stomach and for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Except for cancer of the penis/endometrium and testis/vulva, based on one couple with each combination, gender specific cancers did not aggregate within married couples. Established and suspected risk factors, not necessarily related to the marriage, were found for some individuals who had concordance with their spouses. CONCLUSIONS Little spousal concordance for cancer occurrence was found. The study of spousal aggregation does not appear useful in identifying unsuspected environmental causes of cancer in heterogeneous populations in urban areas of affluent Western countries. A cohort study would have to be much larger than this one to detect weak spousal concordance reliably.. Cancer 1999;86:2413–9. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
A Low-Operating-Voltage Wireless Intermediate-Range Scheme for Energy and Signal Transmission by Magnetic Coupling for Implantable Devices

The increasing sophistication and power demands of medical implantable devices have motivated a variety of research on wireless energy transmission, aiming to provide higher power capability, wider receiver position, and improved performance, including safety and efficiency. This paper demonstrates a low-operating-voltage wireless energy and signal transmission method to achieve these aims. We developed a 30-cm transmitting coil in a Helmholtz-coil configuration. Innovative coil segmentation and distributive resonance techniques are employed to substantially reduce the excitation voltage and the voltage over the coil. Magnetic field simulations show that the magnetic field generated by the scheme is uniform and applicable in a wide region bounded by the coils. The receiving coil has three turns and a diameter of 2 cm. The receiver can deliver 350 mW when the transmitting coil excitation is 1 A $_{\mathrm {rms}}$ /6.68 V $_{\mathrm {\mathbf {rms}}}$ and the maximum voltage over the coil is 32 V $_{\mathrm {\mathbf {rms}}}$ , which is much lower than that required in the most up-to-date method (5 A/3.5 kV). This method can provide sufficient power to operate many kinds of medical implants, especially deep-seated and locomotive devices, such as capsule endoscopes. An operating frequency of 6.1 MHz is chosen. At such a high frequency, the receiving coil does not need ferromagnetic core so magnetic resonance imaging compatible implants can be accomplished.
Plasminogen activator activity is inhibited while neuroserpin is up-regulated in the Alzheimer disease brain

Amyloid-beta plaques are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Several proteases are known to cleave/remove amyloid-beta, including plasmin, the product of tissue plasminogen activator cleavage of the pro-enzyme plasminogen. Although plasmin levels are lower in Alzheimer brain, there has been little analysis of the plasminogen activator/plasmin system in the brains of Alzheimer patients. In this study, zymography, immunocapture, and ELISAs were utilized to show that tissue plasminogen activator activity in frontal cortex tissue of Alzheimer patients is dramatically reduced compared with age-matched controls, while tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen protein levels are unchanged; suggesting that plasminogen activator activity is inhibited in the Alzheimer brain. Analysis of endogenous plasminogen activator inhibitors shows that while plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and protease nexin-1 levels are unchanged, the neuroserpin levels are significantly elevated in brains of Alzheimer patients. Furthermore, elevated amounts of tissue plasminogen activator-neuroserpin complexes are seen in the Alzheimer brain, and immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that both tissue plasminogen activator and neuroserpin are associated with amyloid-beta plaques in Alzheimer brain tissue. Thus, neuroserpin inhibition of tissue plasminogen activator activity leads to reduced plasmin and may be responsible for reduced clearance of amyloid-beta in the Alzheimer disease brain. Furthermore, decreased tissue plasminogen activator activity in the Alzheimer brain may directly influence synaptic activity and impair cognitive function.
A quartz crystal microbalance study of polycation-supported single and double stranded DNA surfaces.

A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was used to investigate the properties and formation of a genomic mammalian DNA surface on a polycationic poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) film. We show that both single- and double-stranded DNA films can be deposited on the PEI surface by modulating the DNA adsorption time. The two distinct DNA surfaces can be confirmed by their interactions with urea, a common DNA denaturant, and ethidium bromide, a common DNA intercalator, both of which lead to characteristic changes in the QCM-D frequency and dissipation. The hybridization process between surface-bound single-stranded DNA to complementary strands in solution can be resolved in real-time. Moreover, we have also investigated the effects of incorporating NaCl in the various PEI-DNA assemblies and have shown that higher ionic strengths lead to greater DNA adsorption to the PEI surface. An increase in the QCM-D resonant frequency and a decrease in dissipation occur when these assemblies are rinsed w...
Cure kinetics modeling and process optimization of the vialux 81 epoxy photodielectric dry film (PDDF) material for microvia applications

The cure kinetics of a photodielectric dry film (PDDF) material called ViaLux 81 has been studied, with the aim of understanding and optimizing its curing schedule for the fabrication of sequentially built-up (SBU) high-density-interconnect printed wiring boards (HDI-PWB). Initial dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans on the material revealed a two-stage curing mechanism due to the long lifetime of the photoinitiator catalyst, which could not be separated at lower heating rates. On the other hand, the heat flow exotherm from isothermal DSC experiments showed a rapid reaction rate at the beginning with only a single peak. Therefore, to capture the complexity of the process, the faster multiple heating rate DSC experiments are used to predict the degree-of-cure (DOC) evolution. Two approaches have been developed based on the dynamic DSC data: (1) a “model-free” approach, which only requires information about the cure-dependence of the activation energy; and (2) a practical scheme to deconvolute the two curing peaks. Excellent agreement is observed for the heating rate experiments, but the methods are inadequate for predicting the DOC evolution under isothermal conditions. Therefore, a modified autocatalytic model with temperature-dependent kinetic parameters has been developed based on the isothermal DSC data. This model predicts the DOC evolution for isothermal curing profiles very well. However, some discrepancy is evident in predicting the DOC evolution for heating rate experiments, due to the underestimation of the activation energy. With appropriate corrections, excellent predictive capability is illustrated for complex cure schedules with combined heating rate and isothermal segments. In addition, a cure process optimization strategy has been suggested, and the fabrication of fine features and microvias is demonstrated. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 691–700, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2345
Kongress: a search and data mining application for U.S. congressional voting and Twitter data

As the world braces for the impact of the sequestration, international conflicts, and other decisions facing the US congress, people are wondering how their congressmen's decisions will affect their lives. Traditionally, to understand what issues a congressman found import, interested constituents would synthesize voting records, bills, and other disparate data sets to understand their congressman's habits. Fortunately, technology can now be used to integrate and display this information in an informative and visually appealing way. In response to this need to understand the behavior of congressmen, we have developed a mobile-based search and data mining application that provides users with the ability to analyze a large amount of social media data from Twitter, as well as data from the United States Congressional voting records. The application is focused on identifying patterns, anomalies, and associations between members of congress and external users to determine influential users within and outside Congress. This paper introduces the motivation behind the application -- Kongress - and then progresses into the system architecture. The applications features include the ability to search congressional tweets, votes, and bills, and a geospatial visualization of congressional tweets. We also demonstrate how a user could use Kongress to understand the motivation behind a congressman' decisions.
Scalability of ultra-thin-body and BOX InGaAs MOSFETs on silicon

In this work, we show for the first time that VLSI-like gate-first self-aligned InGaAs MOSFETs on insulator on Si featuring raised source/drain (SID) can be fabricated at 300 nm pitch with gate lengths down to 24 nm. This is made possible thanks to the excellent thermal stability of ultra-thin-body and BOX InGaAs on insulator which can be used as a crystalline seed for III-V regrowth. The devices exhibit an excellent electrostatic integrity down to L G = 34 nm, comparable to the best reported tri-gate devices. We compare experimental device data to electrostatic simulations for bulk/on-insulator/tri-gate structures and extrapolate their ultimate scalability to very short L G .
A review of return to play issues and sports-related concussion

Mild traumatic brain injury in sports has become a significant public health concern which has not only received the general public’s attention through multiple news media stories involving athletic concussions, but has also resulted in local, state, and national legislative efforts to improve recognition and management. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature for return to play (RTP) guidelines. State, regional, national, and professional legislation on sport-related concussion RTP management issues will be reviewed. This article will be helpful in developing a generalized systematic approach to concussion management and highlight specific RTP guidelines. The article will also touch upon specific contraindications to RTP, the role of neuropsychological testing in RTP, and other considerations and complications that affect an athlete’s ability to return to competition. Finally, considerations for terminating an athlete’s competitive season or ending a career after sustaining a concussion resulting in prolonged and protracted symptomatology or repeated concussions will be reviewed. PubMed and Google were searched using the key terms mentioned below. In addition, the author’s library of concussion-related articles was reviewed for the relevant literature.
Communication training and assessment: A case of behavioral marital enrichment

A technology is presented for training marital partners in self-defined communication skills and a method is described for assessing change across three observational sources (self, spouse, and trained others). By use of cueing and feedback procedures, spouses' skills in emitting helpful communication responses are enhanced and their mutual identification of such helpful responses is increased. Case study data are presented which reflect the necessity for multidimensional assessment. Results indicated an increase in identified communication helpfulness responses and a greater frequency of spouse agreements that helpful responses occurred. An increase in problem solving skills was observed by trained coders, thereby establishing greater generality of the effect.
Effects of dietary protein source and protein–lipid source interaction on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) egg biochemical composition, egg production and quality, and fry hatching percentage and performance

Abstract The relative importance of proteins (amino acids) and protein–lipid interactions for reproduction of channel catfish can be assessed qualitatively. We conducted a feeding/spawning trial to determine the effects of protein source and protein–lipid interactions of channel catfish broodstock diets on egg biochemical composition and egg and fry production. A general linear mixed model was used to examine statistical significance (α = 0.05) among the diets and to compare the main effects using adjusted marginal means (Bonferroni) in order to examine the significance of the lipid source × protein source interaction (contrast statements). All diets contained 36% crude protein and the broodfish were fed on 69 d of the 141-d trial based upon a water temperature dependent schedule. Broodfish fed an all plant protein (PP) diet with 10% fish oil (FO) had lower spawning success (33.3%) than fish fed three diets containing animal protein (58.3%). Fecundity of broodfish fed a control diet containing fish meal (FM), poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and 10% FO (6432 ± 1915 eggs kg female− 1), or a diet containing FM–PBM–5% FO and 5% poultry fat (PF);(6420 ± 1930 eggs kg female− 1) was greater than fecundity of fish fed the PP–FO diet (1072 ± 371 eggs kg female− 1), while fecundity of females fed a diet containing PBM and 10% FO was intermediate (4060 ± 1261 eggs kg female− 1). Total egg production was greater for fish fed the FM–PBM–FO–PF diet (38 174.6 ± 11 031.8 eggs·tank− 1) than fish fed the PP–FO diet (6571.0 ± 2212.1 eggs·tank− 1), while fish fed the FM–PBM–FO (32 114.9 ± 7034.4 eggs·tank− 1) or PBM–FO (20 619.3 ± 6084.1 eggs·tank− 1) diets had intermediate total egg production. Broodstock fed the FM–PBM–FO–PF diet produced heavier egg masses than broodstock fed the PBM–FO or PP–FO diets. The number of eggs per spawn was greater from fish fed the control and FM–PBM–FO–PF diets than from fish fed the PP–FO diet. No differences in protein-bound amino acid (AA) or free amino acid (FAA) composition were found among eggs when only dietary protein source (FM–PBM, PBM, or PP) was examined. A significant (P
Epicardial versus parietal pericardial defibrillation

Abstract This study evaluated the energy requirements for porous electrodes implanted on the parietal pericardium versus those for porous electrodes implanted on the epicardial surface of the heart. Defibrillation with a 2.5-cm porous electrode implanted on the parietal pericardium was successful in 42% of all episodes of ventricular fibrillation. The minimal energy requirement ranged from 30–68 J, with an average of 46 J. Epicardial defibrillation was successful in approximately 80% of all episodes. The average maximal energy was 21.3 J. There was histological evidence of subepicardial damage in the parietal defibrillation group. This may be related to the higher energy required to defibrillate in this group. However, in this group frequent, large, external shocks were required to defibrillate the dog's hearts. Theoretically, there may be some physiological and surgical advantages to an intact pericardium. However, the high energy requirement and the low success rate for defibrillation with a porous electrode on the parietal pericardium negate the feaslbility of this route of defibrillation with a permanent implantable system.
Proteins associated with the poliovirus RNA replication complex.

Abstract The poliovirus RNA replication complex is a heterogeneous structure associated with smooth-surfaced cytoplasmic membranes. The membrane-bound complex has an average buoyant density of 1.08 g/cm 3 in potassium tartrate. After lysis of membranes the replication complex sediments heterogeneously in the 75 to 265 S region of linear sucrose gradients. The peaks of pulse-labeled virus-specific RNA and viral RNA polymerase activity coincide and sediment at 155 S. Virus-specific protein sediments as a peak at 110 S with a faster sedimenting shoulder. The proteins in the 155 S region are digested by trypsin; however, proteins in the 110 S peak are trypsin-resistant. SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals a relative increase of NCVP6 in the 110 S peak. A polypeptide with an estimated molecular weight of 33,500 is clearly distinct in the 155 S region and lower in sucrose gradients. NCVP3 and NCVP7 are enriched in the lysed membranes that float near the top of sucrose gradients. These results suggest that nascent viral RNA and procapsids may interact in the viral RNA replication complex and thereby initiate viral maturation. One or more of the virus-specific proteins found in this complex may represent the enzyme, viral RNA polymerase, or a subunit of a modified cellular enzyme.
Isolation of the teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168 by affinity chromatography

Abstract A column of insoluble concanavalin A was prepared by coupling the protein to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. When autolysates of Bacillus subtilis 168 cell walls were passed over the column, the alpha glucosylated teichoic acid component of the cell wall was retained. The teichoic acid could be eluted with dilute alpha-methylglucopyranose. The teichoic acid prepared by affinity chromatography from cell wall autolysates had a higher sedimentation rate than teichoic acids obtained by conventional methods. Several authors have shown that concanavalin A (con A) forms complexes with alpha-glucosylated teichoic acids1–3. Doyle and Birdsell1 found that the teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168 (trp C2) would precipitate with con A at neutral pH in dilute buffer. The formation of a precipitate was inhibited by sugars which bind to the active site of con A. This observation suggested that it should be possible to purify the teichoic acid by affinity chromatography using insoluble con A as the affin...
HADRONIC MATRIX ELEMENTS AT STRONG COUPLING

Abstract It is proposed to evaluate hadronic matrix elements using strong coupling lattice gauge theory. The calculation of f π is described in detail to illustrate our method, and it is then used to calculate the π + -π 0 mass difference. The relevance of the result to Monte Carlo calculations and the experimental data is discussed.
Pre-transplantation iron chelation in patients with MDS or acute leukemia and iron overload undergoing myeloablative allo-SCT

Pre-transplantation iron chelation in patients with MDS or acute leukemia and iron overload undergoing myeloablative allo-SCT