cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lysine 356 is a critical residue for binding the C-6 phospho group of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase domain of rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase.

Lysine 356 has been implicated by protein modification studies as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphate binding site residue in the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase domain of rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (Kitajima, S., Thomas, H., and Uyeda, K. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13995-14002). However, Lys-356 is found in the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase domain (Bazan, F., Fletterick, R., and Pilkis, S. J. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 9642-9646). In order to ascertain whether Lys-356 is involved in fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase catalysis and/or domain/domain interactions of the bifunctional enzyme, Lys-356 was mutated to Ala, expressed in Escherichia coli, and then purified to homogeneity. Circular dichroism experiments indicated that the secondary structure of the Lys-356-Ala mutant was not significantly different from that of the wild-type enzyme. The Km for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and the Ki for the noncompetitive inhibitor, fructose 6-phosphate, for the fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase of the Lys-356-Ala mutant were 2700- and 2200-fold higher, respectively, than those of the wild-type enzyme. However, the maximal velocity and the Ki for the competitive product inhibitor, inorganic phosphate, were unchanged compared to the corresponding values of the wild-type enzyme. Furthermore, in contrast to the wild-type enzyme, which exhibits substrate inhibition, there was no inhibition by substrate of the Lys-356-Ala mutant. In the presence of saturating substrate, inorganic phosphate, which acts by relieving fructose-6-phosphate and substrate inhibition, is an activator of the bisphosphatase. The Ka for inorganic phosphate of the Lys-356-Ala mutant was 1300-fold higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. The kinetic properties of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase of the Lys-356-Ala mutant were essentially identical with that of the wild-type enzyme. The results demonstrate that: 1) Lys-356 is a critical residue in fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase for binding the 6-phospho group of fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 2,6-bisphosphate; 2) the fructose 6-phosphate binding site is responsible for substrate inhibition; 3) Inorganic phosphate activates fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase by competing with fructose 6-phosphate for the same site; and 4) Lys-356 is not involved in 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase substrate/product binding or catalysis.
Argos: Efficient Refresh in an XQL-Based Web Caching System

The Web has become a major conduit to information repositories of all kinds. Web caches are employed to store web views to provide an immediate response to recurring queries. However, the accuracy of the replicates in web caches encounters challenges due to the dynamicity of web data. We are thus developing and evaluating a web caching system equipped with an efficient refresh strategy. With the assistance of a novel index structure - the Aggregation Path Index (APIX), we built Argos, a web caching system based on the GMD XQL query engine. Argos achieves a high degree of self-maintenance by diagnosing irrelevant data update cases. It hence greatly improves the refresh performance of the materialized web view. We also report preliminary experimental results assessing the performance of Argos compared to the state-of-the-art solution in the literature.
Potential of Soil and Groundwater Contamination Due to Mine Subsidence Under a Landfill

Results of a study to evaluate the effects of mine subsidence on the integrity of a clay liner and potential for soil and groundwater contamination below a previously mined landfill are presented. The results show that for the existing site conditions, surface subsidence features are expected to be similar to subsidence troughs, and the site has minimal potential of being contaminated due to deep-sited subsidence in the mine. To further reduce potential for soil and groundwater contamination at the site, it is recommended that the minimum thickness of the compacted clay liner be 4 ft instead of the 2 to 3 ft generally used. Discussion is presented indicating that further study is required to develop an adequate design procedure to determine the effects of nonuniform settlement of foundation soils or refuse on the hydraulic conductivity of landfill clay barriers.
Chronic alcohol‐induced hepatic insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorated by peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptor‐δ agonist treatment

Background and Aim Chronic alcoholic liver disease is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, dysregulated lipid metabolism with increased toxic lipid (ceramide) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists are insulin sensitizers that can restore hepatic insulin responsiveness in both alcohol and non-alcohol-related steatohepatitis. Herein, we demonstrate that treatment with a PPAR-δ agonist enhances insulin signaling and reduces the severities of ER stress and ceramide accumulation in an experimental model of ethanol-induced steatohepatitis. Methods Adult male Long Evans rats were pair fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 37% ethanol (caloric) for 8 weeks. After 3 weeks on the diets, rats were treated with vehicle or PPAR-δ agonist twice weekly by i.p. injection. Results Ethanol-fed rats developed steatohepatitis with inhibition of signaling through the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors, and Akt activated pathways. Despite continued ethanol exposure, PPAR-δ agonist co-treatments increased Akt activation, reduced multiple molecular indices of ER stress and steatohepatitis. Conclusions These results suggest that PPAR-δ agonist rescue of chronic alcoholic liver disease is mediated by enhancement of insulin signaling through Akt/metabolic pathways that reduce lipotoxicity and ER stress.
Xylosylation is an endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi event.

The subcellular site of xylosylation, the first carbohydrate modification of the core protein that initiates glycosaminoglycan chain synthesis, was characterized in situ. Methods were developed to combine electron microscopic (EM) autoradiography and the radiolabeling of semi-intact chondrocytes. In the accompanying paper, Kearns et al. (Kearns, A. E., Vertel, B. M., and Schwartz, N. B. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 11097-11104) presented biochemical and subcellular fractionation studies that utilized semi-intact chondrocytes and radiolabeled UDP sugars to overcome obstacles to the direct analysis of xylosylation. The results suggested that xylosylation begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and continues in the Golgi. The site of xylosylation was not specified further due to the limitations of subcellular fractionation techniques. The studies described in this report were undertaken to localize these modifications directly in situ. Semi-intact cell preparations were optimized for ultrastructural preservation by modifications of permeabilization methods utilizing nitrocellulose filter overlays. Biochemical analysis demonstrated the exclusive incorporation of UDP-xylose into the cartilage chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (aggrecan) core protein and 3‘-phosphoadenosine 5‘-phosphosulfate (PAPS) into the highly modified proteoglycan monomer. Immunolocalization studies showed the equivalence of cytoplasmic subcompartments in normal and semi-intact chondrocytes at the levels of light and electron microscopy. Once the biochemical and morphological equivalence of intact and semi-intact cells was established, EM autoradiographic studies were pursued using UDP-[3H]xylose and [35S]PAPS. Based on both qualitative and quantitative data, silver grains resulting from incorporated sulfate were concentrated in the perinuclear Golgi, while those resulting from incorporated xylose were found at the cis or forming face of the Golgi and in vesicular regions of the peripheral cytoplasm associated with the late ER. These data support the view that xylose addition begins in a late ER compartment and continues in intermediate compartments, perhaps including the cis-Golgi.
Tetanus Neonatorum—a Curiosity?

Excerpt Though tetanus neonatorum is so rare in most highly developed countries as to be for them a medical curiosity, this is not so for most of the world. Representatives at the recent Internatio...
Photolabile ROMP gels using ortho-nitrobenzyl functionalized crosslinkers

This paper describes a series of four ortho-nitrobenzyl substituted bis(norbornene) crosslinkers that are suitable for the preparation of photoresponsive organogels and hydrogels through ring-opening metathesis polymerization. As measured by several techniques—visual inspection, rheology, and release of network-bound polymers—organogels preapred using these four crosslinkers varied in their sensitivity to UV irradiation by about two orders of magnitude. The reactivity of the gels show qualitative correlation with the stability of the intermediate benzylic radicals. Gels with larger crosslink densities required longer UV irradiation time to dissolve than gels with smaller crosslink densities. Together, these results demonstrate how rational changes to the structures of crosslinkers and gels can tune photosensitivity. Finally, we show a proof-of-concept photochemical release experiment of a physically entrapped fluorescent polymer from a photolabile ROMP hydrogel.
Sickle hemoglobin gelation—inhibition by tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and sugars

Abstract Sickling is believed to be a consequence of intracellular gelation of deoxyhemoglobin S. One theoretical approach to the therapy of sickle cell anemia is direct interference with gel formation. Gelling, therefore, was studied in the presence and absence of inhibitors. In support of the theory that hydrophobic bonds are involved, it was found that lysolecithin and retinol, amphipaths, which interfere with hydrophobic interactions, inhibited gelation. Moreover, Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and sugars, agents which have been shown to interfere with hydrogen bond-mediated interactions, also inhibited gelation. Raising the osmolality of the solutions with NaCl interfered somewhat with gelation, but to a lesser degree than with Tris or sugars of equal osmolalities. The data suggest that several types of weak interactions are involved in the gelation phenomenon; hydrophobic, hydrogen and electrostatic.
The Reactor Accident at Chernobyl: A Nuclear Medicine Practitioner's Perspective

The radiation incident at Chernobyl, USSR, on April 26, 1986 was first detected in Sweden on April 29, when increased radioactivity was observed at a nuclear facility in that country. Subsequently, higher levels of radioactivity were observed in most of Eastern Europe and then in Western Europe. Increased radioactivity was eventually noted in the United States beginning about May 5. The three-day interval between the incident and its discovery outside the USSR caused great apprehension. This chain of events indicates the very important role for the nuclear medicine physician, the medical physicist and their colleagues. It is likely that this medical specialty area is staffed by personnel who are best qualified to interpret these findings and to determine the necessary course of action both for patients and the general public. The nuclear medicine specialist can provide valuable input in estimating the radiation dose impact resulting from such an incident. This estimate may be accomplished either (1) by combining measured activity levels with the physiological and physical factors involved; or (2) by actual in vivo counting and quantitation of radioactivity in individuals exposed to radionuclides. From the measured activities in air, water and food, and assumed intakes for various age groups, doses can be estimated both for inhalation and ingestion of radionuclides. In vivo measurements of radionuclides can be performed with conventional instrumentation used routinely in nuclear medicine laboratories.
Scholarly marketing publication: the American advantage?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how much one's academic development and environment influence the way one performs, evaluates, writes and tries to publish basic, scholarly marketing research.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of results from initial journal submissions is used to empirically examine the potential reasons for rejection and the size and strength of main effects and interactions comprising the author's country of origin and the reviewer's country of origin.Findings – The findings, taken together, suggest a small but statistically significant advantage to US authors in avoiding rejection. This advantage is attributable to a relative superiority in expressing ideas in the English language and a better ability to logically develop theory. There is little evidence that suggests the advantage is due to a substantially more quantitative approach than that of others.Originality/value – The paper examines results of the review process from an actual sample of submitted papers a...
A research agenda for information technology: does research literature already exist?

The likelihood of IT surviving as an academically sound discipline is greatly enhanced if it can establish a distinct research agenda. While it is possible to establish a research agenda in a "top-down" version, this paper presents preliminary work being done using bottom-up analysis to the on-going discussion to define the meaning of Research in the context of IT as an academic discipline. We first document the current discussions surrounding the definition of IT research. We then use that conceptual framework to classify a set of seventy master's theses from two graduate programs in IT. The titles reveal a set of topics and research directions that fit nicely into the conceptual framework provided by the IT body of knowledge, as embodied in the IT model curriculum. These theses provide specific instances that relate to the questions proposed by Reichgelt as a research agenda for Information Technology as well as the additional discussions that have followed. Moreover, one cannot distinguish the school of origin through analysis of the titles. The fact that there seems to be some consistency between the IT body of knowledge, initial theoretically motivated proposals of an IT research agenda, and the work that is actually produced in graduate programs in IT suggests that the IT research community seems to be converging around a set of specific research topics. We conclude by proposing some specific actions to accelerate this process of convergence.
Aggregation of α-Synuclein in S. cerevisiae is Associated with Defects in Endosomal Trafficking and Phospholipid Biosynthesis

Parkinson’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. α-Synuclein is a small synaptic protein that has been linked to familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is also the primary component of Lewy bodies, the hallmark neuropathology found in the brain of sporadic and familial PD patients. The function of α-synuclein is currently unknown, although it has been implicated in the regulation of synaptic vesicle localization or fusion. Recently, overexpression of α-synuclein was shown to cause cytoplasmic vesicle accumulation in a yeast model of α-synuclein toxicity, but the exact role α-synuclein played in mediating this vesicle aggregation is unclear. Here, we show that α-synuclein induces aggregation of many yeast Rab GTPase proteins, that α-synuclein aggregation is enhanced in yeast mutants that produce high levels of acidic phospholipids, and that α-synuclein colocalizes with yeast membranes that are enriched for phosphatidic acid. Significantly, we demonstrate that α-synuclein expression induces vulnerability to perturbations of Ypt6 and other proteins involved in retrograde endosome–Golgi transport, linking a specific trafficking defect to α-synuclein phospholipid binding. These data suggest new pathogenic mechanisms for α-synuclein neurotoxicity.
Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s Prioritization of Church Unity (Oekumene)

When Dietrich Bonhoeffer, following Karl Barth, broke with the “liberal school” of German Protestant theology, led by the famous Adolf von Harnack, he discovered that the Ecumenical Movement could be an agency for bringing about world peace, and he argued energetically for this in the various forums of the then ecumenical movement. However, to only partial avail. With the Nazi seizure of power in Germany, the urgency for the ecumenical movement to declare solidarity with the Confessing Church in Germany became acute. This was because the Nazi-supported Reich Church and the so-called German Christians were trying to align Christianity with Nazi ideology. Bonhoeffer proclaimed forcefully that the latter group were acting in the service of the Antichrist, driven by entirely worldly ambitions. He argued that this situation made it doubly incumbent on the churches associated in the ecumenical movement to support the Confessing Church. Indeed, he made such a declaration of solidarity the touchstone of the credibility of the ecumenical movement. This paper seeks to trace the course of Bonhoeffer’s campaign, for which he only had the limited support of men such as Bishop Bell of Chichester. But he failed not only to persuade the Ecumenical Movement; he was also unable to convince the majority of the Confessing Church to declare unequivocally for peace against the Nazi leadership. The article concludes with the observation that the present-day ecumenical movement has remembered Bonhoeffer’s original plea for an Ecumenical Peace Council, and that it now recognizes that Bonhoeffer confronted the Churches with a challenge that will remain on its agenda for the foreseeable future.
Relation of Holtzman scores to rigidity.

The Sanford-Gough Rigidity Test, the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, a group Holtzman Inkblot Test, and an experimenter-designed Perceptual Rigidity test were given to 116 college girls to investiga...
Emotional Space: Performing the Resistive Possibilities of Torch Singing:

Torch songs are standards—musical forms and formulas that recount the pain and suffering of unrequited love. But torch songs are also sites—interpretive spaces waiting to be filled by a performance. As such, torch singing is at once a product and producer of action—a site for concerted connection, deliberation, and contention. The resistive possibilities of a song of unrequited love are generated in the singing, in how a performance of a standard creates new spaces, new movements, and new meanings.
Qualitative and quantitative in situ fluorimetry of citrus oil thin-layer chromatograms

Abstract The development of direct fluorimetric scanning for thin-layer chromatogram analysis has introduced a versatile tool which has diversified applications in the analysis of citrus oils and potential for analysis of a wide variety of other natural products. The characterization of citrus oils from fluorescence and fluorescence quenching profiles which result from the presence of crystalline components in the oils can be accomplished. Quantitative determination of two coumarin derivatives, 5-geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin and 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, by in situ fluorimetry of lemon, lime, and bergamot oil thin-layer chromatograms provides an accurate and rapid procedure for quality control based on coumarin derivative content.
RESPONSE TO POLIO VACCINATION IN CHILDREN INFECTED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

Vaccination strategies in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are controversial; live virus vaccines are generally contraindicated in immunodeficient children. 23 HIV-infected children received at least 2 doses (median = 3) of oral polio vaccine (OPV) before HIV infection was suspected, 3 others received inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The median interval from OPV immunization to serum sampling was 2.8 years (range 1 mo to 15 yrs), the median interval from IPV immunization to sampling was 1 mo (range 1 to 4 mo). Congenital HIV infection was present in 23 and postnatally acquired infection was present in 3. Antibody to poliovirus 2 was determined by microneutralization. Protective levels of antibody (≥1:4) were found in 21/23 (91%) of persons given OPV (GMT = 22.9), and in 3/3 given IPV (GMT = 25.4). The stage of clinical illness correlated with the antibody titer; patients with AIDS had a GMT = 5.7, patients with ARC had a GMT = 26.9, and HIV infected apparently well children had a GMT = 84.4. Protective levels of antibody occur in the majority of HIV infected children immunized against poliovirus type 2. The potential for rare adverse events and intrafamilial spread suggests that IPV is the preferred vaccine for HIV infected children. Although no adverse events, attributable to polio vaccination, were documented in these children, further study of the effects of vaccination on the manifestations of HIV infection is needed.
Recovery of the mass power spectrum from the Lyman-alpha forest: The effect of ionizing background fluctuations from discrete QSO sources

In gravitational instability models, there is a close relationship between most Lyman-alpha absorption and the matter density along the line of sight. Croft et al. (1997) have shown that it is possible to use this relationship with some additional assumptions (such as Gaussianity of the initial density) to recover the power spectrum of mass fluctuations, P(k), from QSO absorption spectra. The relative uniformity of the ionizing radiation background on the scales of interest is an additional assumption required by the technique. Here we examine the fluctuations in Lyman-alpha spectra caused if the ionizing background radiation is generated by discrete QSO sources. We present our results alongside the preliminary application of the P(k) recovery technique to the QSO Q1422+231. We find the ionizing background fluctuations to have an effect orders of magnitude smaller than the matter fluctuations at the scales on which we measure P(k) (lambda < 10 h^-1Mpc).
Progressive Postnatal Pansynostosis.

Objective: To describe the subtle clinical features, genetic considerations, and management of progressive postnatal pansynostosis, a rare form of multisutural craniosynostosis that insidiously occurs after birth and causes inconspicuous cranial changes. Design, Participants, Setting: The study is a retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with progressive postnatal pansynostosis at a major craniofacial center between 2000 and 2009. Patients with kleebattschadel were excluded. Results: Nineteen patients fit our inclusion criteria. Fifteen patients had a syndromic diagnosis: Crouzon syndrome (n = 8), Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (n = 5), and Pfeiffer syndrome (n = 2). With the exception of one patient with moderate turricephaly, all patients had a relatively normal head shape with cranial indices ranging from 0.72 to 0.93 (mean, 0.81). Patients were diagnosed at an average of 32.4 months; craniosynostosis was suspected based on declining percentile head circumference (n = 14), detection of an apica...
Increased plasma concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with electroconvulsive therapy: a pilot study in patients with major depression.

Objective: The therapeutic mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is unknown. Animal research supports a neurotrophic effect of ECT. To investigate a neurotrophic effect in humans, we examined whether plasma concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases in patients receiving ECT for major depression. Method: We conducted a prospective, self-controlled study of 15 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive episode who were referred for ECT at the University of Maryland Medical Center (Baltimore, Md.) between January 2004 and September 2005. Plasma BDNF concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and during an acute course of ECT. Depression severity was measured using the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Results: ECT resulted in a significant increase in plasma BDNF (Z = 2.897, p = .004) from a pre-ECT median of 84.9 pg/mL to a post-ECT median of 141.2 pg/mL. This change was accompanied by a significant decrease in HAM-D score (Z = 3.411, p = .001) from a pre-ECT median of 30.0 to a post-ECT median of 9.0. BDNF increased in 13 (86.7%) of 15 subjects. Conclusion: This is the first report of an increase in plasma BDNF concentration in patients receiving ECT. These preliminary results encourage further investigation of a neurotrophic mechanism for the antidepressant effect of ECT.
Operational analysis of library systems

Abstract Mathematical models are developed for describing and optimizing the way libraries organize information sources. By ordering the sources in a more relevant manner, the users' search and retrieval costs are reduced, which leads to an increase in the value and amount of information processed. The cost of organizing collections so as to minimize user effort is dependent on the scatter of relevant sources in the literature and the specification of core classes.
The isolation and structure determination of the fern glycoside osmundalin and the synthesis of its aglycone osmundalactone

Abstract From the Japanese foodstuff Akaboshi zenmai, consisting of dried leaves of Osmunda japonica Thunberg and from the Vermont royal fern Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Wilid.) Gray a new hydroxypentenolide glucoside, osmundalin (1), was isolated in addition to β-sitosterol and methyl and ethyl palmitate. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of osmundalin were established by spectroscopic and degradation methods and its aglycone, osmundalactone, was synthesized.
Conidial germination and germ tube elongation of Phomopsis amaranthicola and Microsphaeropsis amaranthi on leaf surfaces of seven Amaranthus species: Implications for biological control

Abstract Microsphaeropsis amaranthi and Phomopsis amaranthicola are potential biological control agents for several Amaranthus species. In an effort to understand the initial infection processes with these pathogens, a study was conducted of the conidial germination and germ tube length (μm) on the weed leaf surfaces at 21 °C and 28 °C. Weeds included Amaranthus rudis , A. palmeri , A. powellii , A. retroflexus , A. spinosus , A. hybridus , and A. albus . For P. amaranthicola , conidial germination and germ tube length varied among the seven weed species at both temperatures, while for M. amaranthi the differences in germ tube lengths were significant among weed species only at 21 °C. While the conidia of M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola germinated on the leaf surfaces of all seven weed species, temperature appeared to impact the number and length of germ tubes on the leaf surfaces. The percentage of germinated conidia and the length of germ tubes at both temperatures were often greater for M. amaranthi than for P. amaranthicola. In order for the fungal pathogen to successfully infect and kill a weedy host, conidia must germinate and form a germ tube, two processes that vary with host species and temperature for M. amaranthi and P. amaranthicola. The extent to which successive infection processes, e.g., penetration, invasion and colonization, contribute to host specificity warrants study.
Kinetics and mechanism in the reaction of gene regulatory proteins with DNA

We have measured the kinetic properties of the Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein (CAP) and lac repressor interacting with lac promoter restriction fragments. Under our reaction conditions (10 mM-Tris X HCl (pH 8.0 at 21 degrees C), 1 mM-EDTA, 10 microM-cAMP, 50 micrograms bovine serum albumin/ml, 5% glycerol), the association of CAP is at least a two-step process, with an initial, unstable complex formed with rate constant kappa a = 5(+/- 2.5) X 10(7) M-1 s-1. Subsequent formation of a stable complex occurs with an apparent bimolecular rate constant kappa a = 6.7 X 10(6) M-1 s-1. At low total DNA concentration, the dissociation rate constant for the specific CAP-DNA complex is 1.2 X 10(-4) s-1. The ratio of formation and dissociation rate constants yields an estimate of the equilibrium constant, Keq = 5 X 10(10) M-1, in good agreement with static results. We observed that the dissociation rate constant of both CAP-DNA and repressor-DNA complexes is increased by adding non-specific "catalytic" DNA to the reaction mixture. CAP dissociation by the concentration-dependent pathway is second-order in added non-specific DNA, consistent with either the simultaneous or the sequential participation of two DNA molecules in the reaction mechanism. The results imply a role for distal DNA in assembly-disassembly of specific CAP-DNA complexes, and are consistent with a model in which the subunits in the CAP dimer separate in the assembly-disassembly process. The dissociation of lac repressor-operator complexes was found to be DNA concentration-dependent as well, although in contrast to CAP, the reaction is first-order in catalytic DNA. Added excess operator-rich DNA gave more rapid dissociation than equivalent concentrations of non-specific DNA, indicating that the sequence content of the competing DNA influences the rate of repressor dissociation. The simplest interpretation of these observations is that lac repressor can be transferred directly from one DNA molecule to another. A comparison of the translocation rates calculated for direct transfer with those predicted by the one-dimensional sliding model indicates that direct transfer may play a role in the binding site search of lac repressor.
Are emotional display rules formal job requirements? Examination of employee and supervisor perceptions

This study explored whether emotional display rules are perceived by part-time employees and their supervisors as formal job requirements. Results showed that display-related behaviours were thought to be required activities (i.e. in-role) by the majority of the sample, and that employees and supervisors generally agreed in this perception. Job-based differences in interpersonal requirements predicted the extent to which employees and supervisors categorized display-related behaviours as required, with more interpersonal requirements being associated with greater in-role categorization. Job-based differences in interpersonal requirements also predicted the level of agreement between employees and supervisors in categorizing display-related behaviours as in-role or extra-role. Finally, job satisfaction and job involvement predicted the extent to which employees categorized emotional display behaviours as being required in their jobs, with more satisfied and more involved individuals rating emotional display behaviours as in-role at a higher rate than less satisfied and less involved individuals.
FBR murine osteosarcoma virus. I. Molecular analysis and characterization of a 75,000-Da gag-fos fusion product.

Abstract The FBR murine osteosarcoma virus complex induces bone tumors with a similar latency and pathology to those induced by the FBJ virus complex. FBR murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MSV) has been isolated from its helper virus(es) by the establishment of transformed nonproducer cells. These cells were found to express a 75,000-Da protein (P75) which was antigenically related to the p55 oncogene product of the FBJ murine osteosarcoma virus (FBJ-MSV). P75 also contained antigenic determinants of murine leukemia virus (MLV) gag gene p15, p12, and p30 proteins, and is therefore a gag-fos fusion protein (P75 gag-fos ). P75 gag-fos is a phosphoprotein and is found primarily in the nucleus. Only a single species of RNA, of 3.3 kb, was identified in FBR-MSV-transformed nonproducer cells using both fos and MLV probes, which suggested that P75 gag-fos was expressed from genome-sized RNA. Chromosomal DNA from one nonproducer cell line was found to contain a single Eco RI restriction fragment of 12 kb pairs (kbp) which encompassed the FBR-MSV provirus. This DNA fragment was molecularly cloned into bacteriophage Charon 30 (λFBR-1), and a 7.5-kbp Hin dIII restriction fragment containing the entire provirus was subsequently subcloned into pBR322 (pFBR-1). DNA from pFBR-1 was capable of inducing morphological transformation of mouse and rat fibroblasts in tissue culture. In addition, transfected cells expressed the FBR-MSV P75 gag-fos protein.
High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Methyl Isocyanide: The ν3, ν6, and ν7 + ν8 Bands

Abstract The vibration-rotation spectrum of methyl isocyanide (CH 3 NC) has been recorded with the aid of a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer in the region 1370 to 1560 cm −1 containing the perpendicular band of the fundamental vibration ν 6 (species E ), the weaker parallel band of the ν 3 ( A 1 ) fundamental, and the perpendicular combination band ν ∓ 7 + ν ∓ 8 ( E ) enhanced by Fermi resonance with ν 6 . Sixteen hundred seventy well-resolved lines were assigned to 15 subbands of ν 6 , 6 subbands of ν 3 , and 3 subbands of ν − 7 + ν − 8 . A strong x , y -Coriolis resonance between ν 3 and ν 6 and Fermi resonance between ν ± 6 and the E component ν ∓ 7 + ν ∓ 8 , as well as between ν 3 and the A 1,2 components ν ± 7 + ν ∓ 8 , greatly affects the spectrum. Additional weaker anharmonic interaction of ν 6 with the ν 4 + 2ν 2 8 combination and higher-order rotational interactions connecting the various states were also detected in the spectrum. All of these interactions have been incorporated into a 9 × 9 Hamiltonian matrix used for modeling the upper states of the observed transitions. A set of spectroscopic constants is reported for the upper states of the bands ν 3 , ν 6 , and ν 7 + ν 8 and for ν 4 + 2ν 2 8 which reproduces the observed lines with an overall standard deviation of 0.0012 cm −1 .
The Influence of Undergraduate Students' Engagement Practices and Their Institutional Environment on Academic Achievement

This study examines relationships between students' demographic characteristics, campus engagement practices, institutional support, and grade point average (GPA) utilizing a social-ecological analytic framework. The study sample consisted of 355 freshmen and 315 seniors attending a historically Black institution (HBI). Engagement practices and institutional support were assessed using the National Survey of Student Engagement. Findings revealed significant associations between class status, mother's education, and GPA, but demographic factors, institutional support, and engagement practices did not predict academic achievement at the selected HBI. Parents' education was positively associated with students' extracurricular involvement. Practice and policy implications are discussed for social work professionals working in college settings.
Development and Application of Health Promotion and Education in Islamic Communities

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/22-2-13557 The 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata recognizes that primary health care and health for all by the year 2000, must evolve from and reflect the economic conditions and the sociocultural and political characteristics of the country and its communities. Given the proper knowledge, skills, and attitudes, Islam-oriented health educators and promoters who appreciate the Qur'anic teachings and Prophetic Medicine and Practices can serve better as modern agents for change in Muslim communities. They con easily, mediate social changes and facilitate behavioral modifications, and can adapt, transfer and adopt traditional teachings into modern primary health care.
Concrete cooling on dam construction for world's largest hydroelectric power station

Resume La refrigeration du beton est d'une importance technique et economique tres grande pour la construction de grands barrages. 12 millions de m 3 de beton refrigere seront necessaires pour la construction du barrage da la plus grande centrale hydro-electrique du monde (12 600 MW), en Amerique du Sud, necessitant ainsi de grandes installations industrielles pour sa production. La conception et le fonctionnement des gigantesques installations de refrigeration ainsi que leur construction seront decrits. ll sera egalement discute, d'une part, de la necessite de refroidir le beton et, d'autre part, des differents procedes qui permettent d'y arriver.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy evaluation of low density lipoprotein oxidation in the presence of quercetin, catechin, and α-tocopherol

We investigated the changes in human LDL primary and secondary lipid oxidation products and modification of the apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) secondary structures during Cu2+-mediated oxidation by FTIR spectroscopy in the presence of catechin, quercetin, and α-tocopherol at physiological concentrations. Catechin- and quercetin-containing samples had slower rates and longer lag phases for conjugated diene hydroperoxide (CD) formation than α-tocopherol-containing samples; however, all antioxidant-treated LDL samples generated similar CD levels (P<0.05). A lower maximum (98.4 nmol/mg LDL protein) of carbonyl compounds was produced in the quercetin- and catechin-treated samples than in α-tocopherol samples. Modification of the apoB-100 secondary structures corresponded closely to the formation of carbonyls and was hampered by the presence of antioxidants. Physiological concentrations of catechin and quercetin offered similar levels of protection against modification by carbonyls of the apoB-100 at advanced stages (carbonyls ∼96.0 nmol/mg LDL protein) but not at the intermediate stages (carbonyls ∼58.0 nmol/mg LDL protein) of LDL oxidation probably owing to differences in the protein-binding mechanisms of catechin and quercetin. Relationships between peroxide formation, carbonyl products, and LDL protein denaturation were shown by the FTIR approach. The FTIR technique provided a simple new tool for a comprehensive evaluation of antioxidant performance in protecting LDL during in vitro oxidation.
Hypoxia Exerts Cell-Type-Specific Effects on Expression of the Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene

The Class 3 aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH3) is expressed differentially in a tissue-specific manner, occurring constitutively in some tissues and in others as a result of xenobiotic induction via the Ah receptor/ARNT pathway. ARNT is also involved in regulating gene expression in response to hypoxia. It dimerizes with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and enhances expression of hypoxia-responsive genes. To determine if ARNT plays a role in regulating ALDH3 in response to low oxygen tension, we studied the effects of 1% oxygen and the hypoxia mimic cobalt chloride on constitutive and inducible ALDH3 expression in rat hepatoma cells and rat corneal epithelial cells. Hypoxia sharply down-regulates constitutive ALDH3 expression in corneal epithelial cells. Likewise, aromatic hydrocarbon-induced ALDH3 expression in H4-II-EC3 cells is significantly reduced by hypoxia. In contrast, hypoxia has no effect on constitutive or aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible ALDH3 expression in HTC cells. Our data indicate that hypoxia exerts cell type-specific effects on both constitutive and induced ALDH3 expression.
Josephson junctions with finite separation from a superconducting groundplane

Abstract The gate characteristics of Josephson junctions is described as a function of its separation from a superconducting groundplane, of its length over Josephson penetration depth, and other geometrical parameters. The geometrical dependence is estimated with simple, slide-rule formulas. An equivalent circuit is derived to compute static and dynamic properties of miniaturized junctions for computer circuitry.
Time dilations in bound muon decay

A number of experiments show that the decay lifetimes of muons bound to atomic nuclei are longer than the decay lifetimes of free muons. The special relativistic time dilation predicts decay lifetime dilations that are substantially smaller than the observed decay lifetime dilations. In this paper it is shown that adding a recently predicted electro-magnetic time dilation (analogous to the gravitational time dilation) to the special relativistic time dilation gives a total time dilation that agrees with the observed decay lifetime dilations.
Diffusion and Sedimentation Interaction Parameters for Measuring the Second Virial Coefficient and Their Utility as Predictors of Protein Aggregation

The concentration-dependence of the diffusion and sedimentation coefficients (k(D) and k(s), respectively) of a protein can be used to determine the second virial coefficient (B₂), a parameter valuable in predicting protein-protein interactions. Accurate measurement of B₂ under physiologically and pharmaceutically relevant conditions, however, requires independent measurement of k(D) and k(s) via orthogonal techniques. We demonstrate this by utilizing sedimentation velocity (SV) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to analyze solutions of hen-egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and a monoclonal antibody (mAb1) in different salt solutions. The accuracy of the SV-DLS method was established by comparing measured and literature B₂ values for HEWL. In contrast to the assumptions necessary for determining k(D) and k(s) via SV alone, k(D) and ks were of comparable magnitudes, and solution conditions were noted for both HEWL and mAb1 under which 1), k(D) and k(s) assumed opposite signs; and 2), k(D) ≥k(s). Further, we demonstrate the utility of k(D) and k(s) as qualitative predictors of protein aggregation through agitation and accelerated stability studies. Aggregation of mAb1 correlated well with B₂, k(D), and k(s), thus establishing the potential for k(D) to serve as a high-throughput predictor of protein aggregation.
Dual role of friction in granular flows: attenuation versus enhancement of instabilities

Flow instabilities driven by the dissipative nature of particle–particle interactions have been well documented in granular flows. The bulk of previous studies on such instabilities have considered the impact of inelastic dissipation only and shown that instabilities are enhanced with increased dissipation. The impact of frictional dissipation on the stability of grains in a homogeneous cooling system is studied in this work using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and kinetic-theory-based predictions. Surprisingly, both MD simulations and theory indicate that high levels of friction actually attenuate instabilities relative to the frictionless case, whereas moderate levels enhance instabilities compared to frictionless systems, as expected. The mechanism responsible for this behaviour is identified as the coupling between rotational and translational motion. These results have implications not only for granular materials, but also more generally to flows with dissipative interactions between constituent particles – cohesive systems with agglomeration, multiphase flows with viscous dissipation, etc.
Organic anion binding by denatured bovine serum albumin.

IN the course of investigations in progress in this laboratory on the binding of acidic phosphatides by bovine serum albumin, certain deviations from the commonly accepted properties of denatured bovine albumin prompted a closer study of the binding of an organic anion (methyl orange) by bovine albumin denatured with urea and guanidine hydrochloride. The view that bovine albumin loses its high affinity for methyl orange after denaturation seems to have arisen mainly from experiments employing heat as the denaturing agent1. Yet the persistence of high affinity for the dye has been used as evidence for the maintenance of the native state of bovine albumin2.
Determination of protein structures in solution using NMR data and impact

A new procedure for generating and refining protein structures that satisfy constraints derived from two-dimensional data includes an internal coordinate Monte Carlo search algorithm for conformational sampling and a simple target function with terms for describing the structural information contained in 2-D NMR spectra. Solution structures of the peptide neutrophil defensin NP-5, generated with a metric matrix distance geometry algorithm, are refined with the Monte Carlo procedure, leading to structures with interproton distances that are closer to the bounds observed in the NMR data and have improved local geometry. In model studies, an ..cap alpha..-helical peptide is rapidly folded from an extended chain when NMR distance constraints corresponding to an ..cap alpha..-helix are used as input parameters. The ab initio folding of NP-5 from an extended chain and possible application to studying protein during pathways are discussed. Calculations were carried out with the program package IMPACT (Ingtegrated Modeling Program Using Applied Chemical Theory), under development. An overview of IMPACT is presented.
DISLOCATIONS, SOURCE DIMENSIONS AND STRESSES ASSOCIATED WITH EARTHQUAKES IN THE IZU PENINSULA, JAPAN

Mechanism Studies fox five destructive earthquakes in the Izu peninsula, central Japan, since 1930 were made on the basis of an extensive set of P-wave first-motions, aftershocks, close-in long-period seismograms, leveling, triangulation and field data. Physical source parameters such as dislocation, source dimension and seismic stress were determined for the Northern Izu earthquake of 1930 (M=7.0), Southern Izu of 1934 (M=5.5), Izu-Oki of 1974 (M=6.9), Amagi of 1974 (M=4.9) and Kawazu of 1976 (M=5.4). All of these earthquakes represent a purely or nearly vertical strike-slip faulting at a very shallow depth. These faults constitute a system of conjugate faults produced by a single force system, e.g., north-south compression, with the exception of the northern fault of the 1930 Northern Izu earthquake which indicates NW-SE compression. The strikes of the faults coincide closely with a general trend of geologically active faults in this area. The stress drop varies from 10 to 70 bars, and larger shocks indicate larger stress drops. The dislocation velocities for the three small shocks are low, about 10 to 15cm/sec, in good agreement with their low stress drops.
Reducing the MISR size

Multiple-input signature registers (MISRs) are commonly used in built-in self-test (BIST) applications. The size of the MISR is dictated by the number of signals it has to compress. Normally a MISR includes a stage for every signal that it is sampling. In some applications this leads to very wide MISRs that may include several hundred stages. Large size MISRs pose problems in terms of hardware and wiring overhead. Shorter compressors are, therefore, needed. This paper investigates the problem of reducing the MISR so that it samples multiple signals at every stage. Issues like detection probability loss, test length penalty, fault coverage degradation, are some of the disadvantages that may arise from the MISR shrinkage. This paper analyzes all these issues; shows ways to reduce their negative effect, and compares the results to previously published proposals.
Binding Protein-Dependent Uptake of Maltose into Cells via an ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter

Maltose and maltodextrins are actively transported across the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli and Salmonella by a periplasmic binding protein (BP)- dependent transport system. Since 1996, there have been many advances in the understanding of the structure and mechanism of the maltose transporter, in the assembly of the membrane-associated transporter complex, and in the mechanism of regulation of transport both at the DNA and the protein level. The transporter has been studied in detergent and reconstituted in liposome vesicles, and while many features, including the ability of maltose-binding protein (MBP) to stimulate ATPase activity, are retained in detergent, it has been noted that the basal ATPase activity of the transporter is elevated in detergent compared with liposomes. This review focuses on these recent developments, which have culminated in a high resolution structure of MBP in a complex with the MalFGK2 transporter. While this review focuses on the maltose system, complementary work has been carried out on many different ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, all of which has contributed in important ways to the understanding of the maltose transport system. The regulation of the maltose transport system, at the DNA level, is implemented by the synergistic action of MalT and cAMP/CAP complex and, at the protein level, by interactions of MalK with unphosphorylated EIIAglc, a signal-transducing component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-glucose phosphotransferase system.