cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preface: Splitting methods for differential equations

Middle Tennessee State University, Tennessee, USAOnline Publication Date: 01 June 2007To cite this Article: Sheng, Qin and Khaliq, Abdul Q. M. (2007) 'Preface: Splittingmethods for differential equations', International Journal of Computer Mathematics,84:6, 709 - 711To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/00207160701489067URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207160701489067PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLEFull terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdfThis article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction,re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expresslyforbidden.The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will becomplete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should beindependently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings,demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with orarising out of the use of this material.
Animal Models in the Assessment of Antimicrobial Agents: Salmonellosis

Two major clinical syndromes are observed in human beings infected with bacteria of the genus Salmonella: gastroenteritis and enteric fever.
Perceived Family Support and Self-Esteem: The Mediational Role of Emotional Experience in Adults with Dyslexia.

Although a growing body of literature shows that perceived family support (PFS) influences self-esteem in adults with dyslexia, little empirical attention has been given to the mechanisms through which this effect operates across early, middle, and late adulthood. The present study examined the mediational effect of emotional experience with dyslexia (EED, emotions stemming from living with an often misunderstood and stereotyped learning difficulty) that may account for the empirical link between PFS and self-esteem. The participants were 224 adults with self-identified dyslexia (average age = 49.1 years, males = 64.7%) who participated in a Web-based survey. A bootstrapping analysis (a new approach to mediational analysis) revealed that EED mediated the relationship between PFS and self-esteem across the entire sample and in early and middle adulthood. The mediational effect was strongest in early adulthood. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Creating bioentrepreneurs: How graduate student organisations foster science entrepreneurship

Despite an increase in life science technology commercialisation and venture creation, graduate schools have largely failed to provide ample opportunities for students to acquire knowledge and experience in bioentrepreneurship. Postdoctoral trainees and graduate students have recognised this educational gap, as well as a role in complementing university-run bioentrepreneurship programmes, and formed student organisations that foster bioentrepreneurship education. These groups are uniquely positioned to facilitate campus bioentrepreneurship. This paper identifies life science graduate student organisations and examines how these groups promote bioentrepreneurship in their respective communities. This report also discusses the challenges and advantages of student groups, and identifies best practices for development of bioentrepreneurship programmes. Furthermore, the authors propose a framework for identifying gaps in bioentrepreneurship education.
Giving carditis back to the heart

See article on page 798 Anatomically vague (it was named after its proximity to the heart), histologically undistinguished (its mucosa is usually described as being “similar to the mucosa of the antrum”) and functionally considered a drab territory that connects two well characterised segments of the digestive system, the gastric cardia has long been ignored by gastroenterologists, pathologists, and physiologists alike. Suddenly, in the past few years, this neglected Grenz zone has been catapulted to the centre of the gastroenterological stage. Another spin-off of Helicobacter pylori ? In a sense, yes. But, whereas the wily bacterium is blamed for a long list of calamities occurring in the remainder of the stomach, duodenum, and other systems, in the cardia it is portrayed as a protector of mucosal integrity.1 An implausible defensor mucosae . During the past few decades a dramatic rise in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the cardia has been reported in the very populations in which the incidence of gastric cancer has been decreasing.2 The latter trend has been explained as a consequence of the declining prevalence of H pylori infection. However, the increased incidence of cancer of the cardia is paradoxical: why should this minuscule ill-defined portion of the proximal compartment of the stomach behave differently from its more distal areas? One possible explanation is that the lack of a consensus on what the cardia area is, the difficulty of establishing the precise site of origin of tumours of the gastro-oesophageal junction, and various inaccuracies in tumour coding in cancer registries may have unwittingly conspired to …
Naming Patterns Reveal Cultural Values Patronyms, Matronyms, and the U.S. Culture of Honor

Four studies examined the hypothesis that honor norms would be associated with a pronounced use of patronyms, but not matronyms, for naming children. Study 1 shows that men who endorse honor values expressed a stronger desire to use patronyms (but not matronyms) for future children, an association that was mediated by patriarchal attitudes. Study 2 presents an indirect method for assessing state patronym and matronym levels. As expected, patronym scores were significantly higher in honor states and were associated with a wide range of variables linked previously to honor-related dynamics. Study 3a shows that following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, patronyms increased in honor states, but not in non-honor states. Likewise, priming men with a fictitious terrorist attack (Study 3b) increased the association between honor ideology and patronym preferences. Together, these studies reveal a subtle social signal that reflects the masculine values of an honor culture.
Smooth muscle architecture within cell-dense vascular tissues influences functional contractility

The role of vascular smooth muscle architecture in the function of healthy and dysfunctional vessels is poorly understood. We aimed at determining the relationship between vascular smooth muscle architecture and contractile output using engineered vascular tissues. We utilized microcontact printing and a microfluidic cell seeding technique to provide three different initial seeding conditions, with the aim of influencing the cellular architecture within the tissue. Cells seeded in each condition formed confluent and aligned tissues but within the tissues, the cellular architecture varied. Tissues with a more elongated cellular architecture had significantly elevated basal stress and produced more contractile stress in response to endothelin-1 stimulation. We also found a correlation between the contractile phenotype marker expression and the cellular architecture, contrary to our previous findings in non-confluent tissues. Taken with previous results, these data suggest that within cell-dense vascular tissues, smooth muscle contractility is strongly influenced by cell and tissue architectures.
Optimal Nutrient Retention during the Thermal Processing of Conduction‐Heated Canned Foods: Application of the Distributed Minimum Principle

The Minimum Principle of optimal control theory has been applied rigorously to a distributed parameter model for the heat treatment of canned foods to determine control policies for optimizing nutrient retention for a given reduction in microorganism concentration. It has been shown that bang-bang control of the retort temperature is the optimal control strategy to adopt, where the heating and cooling rates should be as rapid as is permitted by process constraints. There should be only one heating and cooling cycle during the sterilization process and not a series of heating and cooling steps. This conclusion differs from those of other studies, where complicated retort temperature-time profiles have been suggested.
Eastern moles on the Konza Prairie Biological Station

Abstract We examined the local distribution of the eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) along the Kings Creek drainage on the Konza Prairie Biological Station (located south of Manhattan, Kansas). Our 46-ha study site included primarily intermixed riparian woodland and native and planted grassland. Within this site, we surveyed burrow ridges and soil mounds of eastern moles in 116 circular sampling plots. Each sampling plot had a 10-m radius; total surface area of plots was 3.6 ha. Plots were placed at 40-m intervals along 13 transects, which paralleled each other and were 100 m apart. Eastern moles were associated with wooded vegetation (i.e. plots under tree canopy). Eastern moles also were associated positively with bare soil (plots with >2 m2 as contrasted to those with 2 m2 of bare soil held even for the 74 local sites that were under tree canopy along Kings Creek. The association with wooded areas along Kings Creek was consistent with ...
Catheters, guidewires, sheaths, and balloons

Catheters are workhorse devices that are used every day in interventional cardiology. They are broadly grouped into three categories: diagnostic catheters, guide catheters, and micro or support catheters. In addition to the role of each group and type of catheter, it is also important to have a good working knowledge of the length of the various catheters, especially with chronic total occlusions and peripheral interventions. Commonly used catheters are shown in Figure 2.1.
The unmet emotional, care/support, and informational needs of adult survivors of pediatric malignancies.

This study describes the prevalence and predisposing factors for potentially modifiable unmet emotional, care/support, and information needs among adult survivors of childhood malignancies. A randomly selected/stratified sample of participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) responded to the CCSS-Needs Assessment Questionnaire (CCSS-NAQ) (n = 1189; mean [SD] current age, 39.7 [7.7], range = 26–61 years; 60.9 % women; mean [SD] years since diagnosis, 31.6 [4.7]). Survivors self-reported demographic information, health concerns, and needs; diagnosis/treatment data were obtained from medical records. Adjusted proportional risk ratios (prevalence ratios, PRs) were used to evaluate 77 separate needs. Fifty-four percent of survivors reported unmet psycho-emotional, 41 % coping, and 35 % care/support needs; 51, 35, and 33 %, respectively, reported unmet information needs related to cancer/treatment, the health care system, and surveillance. Female sex and annual income 6-fold increased prevalence for help dealing with “worry” (PR = 6.06; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.79–9.69) and anxiety (PR = 6.10; 95 % CI, 3.82–9.72) and a >5-fold increased prevalence for “needing to move on with life” (PR = 5.56; 95 % CI, 3.34–9.25) and dealing with “uncertainty about the future” (PR = 5.50; 95 % CI, 3.44–8.77). Radiation exposure and perceived health status were related to 42 and 29 needs, respectively. Demographic factors, disease/treatment characteristics, and intrapersonal factors can be used to profile survivors’ unmet emotional, care/support, and information needs. These data can be used to enhance provider-survivor communication, identify at-risk subsamples, and appraise core intervention content.
Expression of the Longest RGS4 Splice Variant in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia Patients

The Regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) gene is a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous studies showed that the mRNA level of the longest splice variant RGS4-1 was decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of SCZ patients compared with healthy controls. In this pilot study, we examined the possible mechanisms of RGS4-1 mRNA reduction in SCZ. We genotyped SNP1 (rs10917670), rs2661347, SNP4 (rs951436), SNP7 (rs951439), SNP18 (rs2661319), and rs10799897 (SNP9897) and tested the methylation status of CpG islands of the RGS4 gene in the postmortem DLPFC samples obtained from subjects with SCZ and bipolar disorder as well as healthy controls. RGS4-1 mRNA level was associated with five SNPs (SNP1, rs2661347, SNP4, SNP7, and SNP18) and their haplotypes but not with SNP9897. In addition, this study revealed that RGS4-1 mRNA was low in subjects with specific genotypes of SNP1, rs2661347, SNP4, SNP7, and SNP18. Lower RGS4-1 mRNA expression in the DLPFC of SCZ is associated with SNPs in the 5' regulatory region of the RGS4 gene but not with the methylation status of its CpG islands.
60 COMPARISON OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND CHEST RADIOGRAPHY IN THE DETECTION OF RIB FRACTURES IN ABUSED INFANTS

Purpose A rib fracture in an infant usually results from nonaccidental trauma. Chest radiographs (CXR) are currently the standard method for evaluating rib fractures in abused infants. Computed Tomography (CT) is known to be a sensitive method to detect rib fractures. However, to date no studies comparing these two methods in abused infants have been reported. The purpose of this study was to compare CT and CXR in the evaluation of rib fractures in abused infants. Methods This retrospective, IRB-approved study included all 11 abused infants identified from 1999-2004 who had rib fractures and both CXR and CT (8 abdomen CTs, 3 chest CTs). CT exams had been performed for clinical indications. Studies were reviewed by two pediatric radiologists to determine the number, locations, and approximate age of the rib fractures. A total of 201 ribs were completely (168) or partially (33) seen on the CT exams, and the matched ribs on CXR were used for the analysis. Summary of Results The mean age of the patients was 9.5 weeks with a range of 5.3 to 20.6 weeks. There were 4 males and 7 females. Eight infants had both their CXR and CT on the same day, and 3 infants CXRs and CTs were one day apart. Although 127 fractures were visualized by CT, only 76 were seen on CXR (p≤.001). One patient had fractures only seen by CT. There were significantly (p≤.05) more early subacute (86% vs. 14%), subacute (64% vs. 36%), and old fractures (100% vs. 0%) seen by CT than by CXR. There was no significant difference in the number of acute or late subacute fractures seen by CT or CXR. Fractures located anteriorly (73% vs. 27%) and posteriorly (64% vs. 36%) were better seen by CT than by CXR (p≤.01). Significantly (p≤.05) more bilateral fractures were seen by CT (67%) than by CXR (33%). Two non-fracture abnormalities were detected by CT: one pleural effusion and one liver laceration. Conclusions While the number of patients studied here is small, these findings suggest that CT is better than CXR in visualizing rib fractures in abused infants.
Research on Reactive Power Optimization Based on Improved Genetic Simulated Annealing Algorithm

To solve the problem existing in power system reactive power optimization algorithm, a new kind of hybrid genetic algorithm, which is composed of simple genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and downhill algorithm is proposed. At first according to the value of individual fitness the adaptive crossover and adaptive mutation are performed, thus the diversity of group is increased and the local optimum can be avoided. Then Newton downhill algorithm with a specifically probability is used to speed up the solving process of simulated annealing. To improve the computation speed and accuracy, decimal integer encoding and reserving the elitist are adopted. IEEE 30-bus system and an actual power system are used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm and its accuracy. Test results show that the improved hybrid genetic algorithm is much better than traditional genetic algorithm in both computation speed and global convergence.
Gallstones and Common Bile Duct Stones in the Bariatric Surgery Patient: Surgical and Endoscopic Management

Cholelithiasis is a common condition present in 12 % of the adult population. Bariatric patients are at particular risk as factors associated with development of gallstones include obesity and rapid weight loss. For patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding, management is similar to that of any other patient. Patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or duodenal switch require special considerations secondary to anatomic alterations. This chapter addresses issues unique to the bariatric patient related to diagnosis and timing of cholecystectomy and management options for choledocholithiasis.
Montelukast Does not Maintain Symptom Remission After Topical Steroid Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Background & Aims Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene type-1 receptor blocker, has been shown in small retrospective studies to reduce symptoms in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to determine whether montelukast maintains symptomatic remission induced by topical steroid therapy in patients with EoE. Methods We performed a prospective study of adult patients with EoE (solid-food dysphagia and a peak esophageal eosinophil count of >20 cells/high-powered field) enrolled at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from April 2008 through February 2015. All patients had been treated previously for at least 6 weeks with a topical steroid until their symptoms were in remission. Steroids were discontinued and patients then were assigned randomly to groups given montelukast (20 mg/day, n = 20) or placebo (n = 21) for 26 weeks (groups were matched for age, sex, history of allergic disease, reflux symptoms, and endoscopic findings of EoE). Study participants were assessed via a structured telephone interview at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. Remission was defined as the absence of solid-food dysphagia. Results Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, after 26 weeks, 40.0% of subjects in the montelukast group and 23.8% in the placebo group were in remission. The odds ratio for remission in the montelukast group was 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.10–2.16) (P = .33). No side effects were reported from either group. Conclusions In a randomized controlled trial of the ability of montelukast to maintain remission in patients in remission from EoE after steroid therapy, we found montelukast to be well tolerated; 40% of patients remained in remission, but this proportion did not differ significantly from that of the placebo group. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT00511316.
PTSD symptoms among tsunami exposed mothers in Sri Lanka: the role of disaster exposure, culturally specific coping strategies, and recovery efforts

ABSTRACTBackground and objectives: Women in Sri Lanka have been uniquely exposed to a complex and protracted set of stressors stemming from a civil war conflict spanning over 25 years and the tsunami which struck Southeast Asia in 2004. This study investigates coping strategies and their association with trauma-related symptoms of tsunami-exposed mothers in Sri Lanka at two time points.Design: Data for this study come from surveys administered in two waves of data collection to investigate both mothers’ and adolescent children’s post-tsunami mental health in early 2005, three months after the tsunami struck, and again in 2008, three years later.Methods: Latent-variable structural equation modeling was used to test the study hypotheses among 160 tsunami-affected mothers in the Polhena village, Matara district, Sri Lanka.Results: Among the various coping strategies examined, the use of cultural rituals as well as inner psychological strength was associated with lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms....
Environmental Protection and Clean Energy Overlaps

Agricultural plant and animal products often have a complex lifecycle: they are grown, transported, processed, packaged, and—ultimately—consumed, discarded, or recycled. Each of these processes is interrelated. Therefore, efficiency improvements at any stage can support greater sustainability of the entire food chain, with significant environmental, economic, and social welfare repercussions. For instance, better practices at the end of the cycle (like recycling and composting programs for packaging and food scraps) can reduce the amount of food that must be grown at the beginning of the cycle. Lowered demand allows farmers to use less land, water, and chemicals to produce food. In turn, this can:
The Epidemiologic Challenge to the Conduct of Just War: Confronting Indirect Civilian Casualties of War

Most civilian casualties in war are not the result of direct exposure to bombs and bullets; they are due to the destruction of the essentials of daily living, including food, water, shelter, and health care. These “indirect” effects are too often invisible and not adequately assessed nor addressed by just war principles or global humanitarian response. This essay suggests that while the neglect of indirect effects has been longstanding, recent technical advances make such neglect increasingly unacceptable: 1) our ability to measure indirect effects has improved dramatically and 2) our ability to prevent or mitigate the indirect human toll of war has made unprecedented progress. Together, these advances underscore the importance of addressing more fully the challenge of indirect effects both in the application of just war principles as well as their tragic human cost in areas of conflict around the world.
The Homeland in the Literature and Music of Syrian-Lebanese Immigrants and their Descendants in Brazil

In this study, we examine the notion of homeland among Syrian-Lebanese immigrants and their descendants in Brazil, a community that for almost one hundred years has established a prominent presence...
A remark on the Kochen-Specker Theorem

A famous theorem of Andrew Gleason states that every finite measure on the lattice of closed subspaces of a Hilbert space H of dimension ≥ 3 is of the form μ(K) = Tr(WPK), where W is a non-negative operator of trace class, uniquely determined by the measure, and PK is the projection operator whose range is the subspace K of H. By a finite measure one means in this context a function μ: \(\mu : L(H) \to {{\mathbb{R}}_{ + }} ({{\mathbb{R}}_{ + }}\) the non-negative real numbers, L (H) the lattice of closed subspaces of H) with the property that \(\sum {\mu ({{K}_{n}}) = \mu ( \oplus {{K}_{n}})}\) for every finite or countably infinite system {Kn} of mutually orthogonal closed subspaces of H. If dim(K) = 1, and \(f \in K\) is a unit vector, then the theorem yields μ(K) = (f, Wf). This shows that if μu is restricted to one-dimensional subspaces only, then its range is a connected set of real numbers. Indeed, if f and g are two independent unit vectors, and α = (f ,Wf) , β= (g,Wg) > α say, then for any γ in the interval (α,β) one can find a suitable unit vector h in the span of f and g such that γ = (h,Wh). The only way the range of μ (restricted to one-dimensional subspaces) can be a finite set is when dim(H) < ∞ and W is a multiple of the identity operator. In particular, no measure has the range {0,1}.
Managing Cancer Relapse After Radical Prostatectomy: Adjuvant Versus Salvage Radiation Therapy.

An increasing proportion of men are undergoing radical prostatectomy for locally advanced prostate cancer. More than half of men with adverse pathologic features are expected to experience disease recurrence within 10 years. This article discusses the use of postoperative radiation therapy to decrease this risk. Evidence from 3 randomized trials and multiple retrospective studies indicates that either adjuvant or salvage radiation improve biochemical progression-free survival and may improve overall survival. Novel imaging and genomic analysis can improve patient selection for either modality, however current tests are unable to identify all patients who may benefit from additional local therapy.
iterativeWGCNA: iterative refinement to improve module detection from WGCNA co-expression networks

Weighted-gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) is frequently used to identify highly co-expressed clusters of genes (modules) within whole-transcriptome datasets. However, transcriptome-scale networks tend to be highly connected, making it challenging for the hierarchical clustering underlying the WGCNA-based classification to discriminate coherently expressed gene sets without significant information loss from either a priori filtering of the expression dataset or a posteriori pruning of the cluster dendrogram. Here we present iterativeWGCNA, a Python-wrapped extension for the WGCNA R software package that improves the robustness of detected modules and minimizes information loss. The method works by pruning poorly fitting genes from estimated modules and then rerunning WGCNA to refine gene clusters. After refining, pruned genes are assembled into a new expression dataset to isolate overlapping modules and the process repeated. In doing so, iterativeWGCNA provides an unsupervised, non-biased filtering to generate a robust, comprehensive network-based classification of whole-transcriptome expression datasets.
Black athlete electrocardiographic repolarization pattern.

Abstract There is debate over the use of the electrocardiogram (ECG) to screen athletes for disorders associated with sudden cardiac death, but if screening is completed, accurate ECG interpretation is important. Recently, there has been recognition of a normal black athlete repolarization pattern which includes J-point elevation, convex ST-segment elevation, and T-wave inversions in leads V1 to V4 occurring in 5–15% of black athletes. This pattern must be differentiated from T-wave inversions that are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. The combination of J-point elevation >1 mm and T-wave inversions confined to leads V1–V4 excludes cardiomyopathy. If T-wave inversions are present in the inferior or lateral leads or there is no J-point elevation, further evaluation for a cardiomyopathy is required. By recognizing this ECG pattern as a normal variant, unnecessary ancillary testing and restriction from sports can be avoided.
The Symbiosis of Philosophy and Theology in Blondel’s Supernatural Hypothesis:

Maurice Blondel’s philosophy makes strong claims about the theological enterprise. Namely, philosophy and theology achieve their fulfillment only in mutual dependence and both court superstition to...
Mathematical Models as Tools for Understanding the Dynamics of Cooperation and Conflict

Despite having prominent role in human relations and society, cooperation and conflict exhibit many complex properties that social scientists from many disciplines strive to better understand. The goal in this chapter is to articulate how mathematical models are useful tools for better grasping how cooperation and conflict emerge from the interaction between multiple intra- and interpersonal factors. Rather than providing a comprehensive literature review, I first summarize how mathematical models fit within the scientific process and then overview key concepts from dynamic systems theory. Next, I use cellular automata and a differential equation-based model of two-actor cooperation and competition to illustrate how models may be generated from theoretical ideas, observation, and empirical evidence. I then overview each model to articulate its basic form and function while avoiding mathematical technicality to try to impart the essence of the formulae and simulation outputs. Finally, I discuss how cellular automata and the two-actor model provide novel insights that have impacted knowledge of and research pertaining to cooperation and conflict. Thus, this chapter serves as an informal introduction to how one may think about models as one useful tool for cooperation and conflict research in the social sciences.
Functional characterization of biallelic RTTN variants identified in an infant with microcephaly, simplified gyral pattern, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and seizures.

Biallelic deleterious variants in RTTN, which encodes rotatin, are associated with primary microcephaly, polymicrogyria, seizures, intellectual disability, and primordial dwarfism in human infants. We performed exome sequencing of an infant with primary microcephaly, pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and intractable seizures and his healthy, unrelated parents. We cultured the infant’s fibroblasts to determine primary ciliary phenotype. We identified biallelic variants in RTTN in the affected infant: a novel missense variant and a rare, intronic variant that results in aberrant transcript splicing. Cultured fibroblasts from the infant demonstrated reduced length and number of primary cilia. Biallelic variants in RTTN cause primary microcephaly in infants. Functional characterization of primary cilia length and number can be used to determine pathogenicity of RTTN variants.
Examples of Analysis

In this chapter we show how to use ANALYZE for some exercises. The first is a price interpretation, continuing with WOODNET where we left off in the previous chapter. After solving the analysis problem algebraically - that is, as LP experts - we use the model’s syntax to put the final explanation in English. We then demonstrate how this can be automated with a rule file (see §6.7) to support the INTERPRT command. After analyzing an optimal instance of WOODNET, we diagnose an infeasibility in another instance of the WOODNET model, and the last exercise is to diagnose an unbounded instance.
The Biology of Embryonic and Adult Endothelial Progenitor Cells

The growth of new blood vessels is a critical factor in many human diseases including cancer, ischemic injury and wound healing. De novo vessel formation or vasculogenesis was thought to take place solely in the embryo from mesodermal progenitor cells, whereas the vasculature in postnatal life was considered to undergo remodeling through expansion of pre-existing endothelial cells, or angiogenesis. Current evidence suggests that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) also exist in adult organisms as circulating cells originating in the bone marrow. They can be mobilized after vascular trauma, myocardial infarction, tissue injury, or during peripheral vascular disease, by a number of growth factors and chemokines like VEGF, GM-CSF, G-CSF and SDF-1. EPCs do not appear to represent a distinct or homogeneous cell population, but they are defined as cells that can give rise to endothelial progeny under certain circumstances in culture or in vivo. EPCs enhance tissue revascularization by contributing to new vessels and stimulating local angiogenesis, thus offering novel ways to regulate vascular growth. Results from the first clinical studies using mostly bone marrow stem cells as a source of EPCs have been encouraging, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells. This review summarizes the role of EPCs in the formation of new blood vessels and provides an outline of their biological characteristics and potential use in the clinical setting
PIE-1 Translation in the Germline Lineage Contributes to PIE-1 Asymmetry in the Early Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

In the C. elegans embryo, the germline lineage is established through successive asymmetric cell divisions that each generate a somatic and a germline daughter cell. PIE-1 is an essential maternal factor that is enriched in embryonic germline cells and is required for germline specification. We estimated the absolute concentration of PIE-1::GFP in germline cells and find that PIE-1::GFP concentration increases by roughly 4.5 fold, from 92 nM to 424 nM, between the 1 and 4-cell stages. Previous studies have shown that the preferential inheritance of PIE-1 by germline daughter cells and the degradation of PIE-1 in somatic cells are important for PIE-1 enrichment in germline cells. In this study, we provide evidence that the preferential translation of maternal PIE-1::GFP transcripts in the germline also contributes to PIE-1::GFP enrichment. Through an RNAi screen, we identified Y14 and MAG-1 (Drosophila tsunagi and mago nashi) as regulators of embryonic PIE-1::GFP levels. We show that Y14 and MAG-1 do not regulate PIE-1 degradation, segregation or synthesis in the early embryo, but do regulate the concentration of maternally-deposited PIE-1::GFP. Taken together, or findings point to an important role for translational control in the regulation of PIE-1 levels in the germline lineage.
How crosslinking Mechanisms of Methacrylated Gellan Gum Hydrogels Alter Macrophage Phenotype

In tissue engineering scaffolds, macrophages play a critical role in determining the host response to implanted biomaterials. Macrophage phenotype is dynamic throughout the host response, and a bal...
Variable selection-based SPC procedures for high-dimensional multistage processes

Monitoring high-dimensional multistage processes becomes crucial to ensure the quality of the final product in modern industry environments. Few statistical process monitoring (SPC) approaches for monitoring and controlling quality in high-dimensional multistage processes are studied. We propose a deviance residual-based multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control chart with a variable selection procedure. We demonstrate that it outperforms the existing multivariate SPC charts in terms of out-of-control average run length (ARL) for the detection of process mean shift.
How the normative resistance of anarchism shaped the state monopoly on violence

Rather than an assumption of statehood, the state’s monopoly on the legitimate use of force is better understood as a normative ideal that regulates behavior, and constitutes states as the sole leg...
Components and Predictors of Biological Soil Crusts Vary at the Regional vs. Plant Community Scales

Although biological soil crusts (biocrusts) occur globally in arid and semi-arid environments, most of our knowledge of biocrust cover and ecology is from a relatively small number of locations worldwide. Some plant communities are known to have high cover of biocrusts, but the abundance of biocrusts is largely undocumented in most plant communities. Using a data driven approach, we identified 16 plant communities based on plant cover from the Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring Strategy data from the Bureau of Land Management (AIM, 5200 plots). We found that abundance of lichens and mosses varies among communities, but that both components of biocrusts are present in all plant communities. Biocrusts are indicators of two of these communities: one that is defined by high cover of mosses and basin big sagebrush and one that is defined by high cover of lichens and shadscale saltbush. Using non-parametric multiplicative regression, we evaluated a suite of abiotic and disturbance variables to assess the degree to which climate and soils are associated with the abundance of lichens and mosses at the regional scale. At the regional scale, soil depth and maximum vapor pressure deficit were found to be strongly associated with the abundance of lichens and January minimum temperature dictated the abundance of mosses. At the scale of plant communities, community specific metrics of soil and climate were better able to explain the abundance of biocrusts. Given our demonstration of the presence of biocrusts across the western US, we hope to call attention to the need to include biocrusts in studies on ecosystem function given their arguably stronger association with climatic variation, direct association with soils, and their contribution to ecosystem functions that are not solely maintained by vascular plants.
Unlocking Student Engagement: Creation, Adaptation, and Application of an Educational Escape Room Across Three Pharmacy Campuses:

Background. Educational escape rooms are positively received by students, increase knowledge, and serve as a platform for the active application of teamwork and team-based communication.Aim. This a...
Which EEG Patterns Deserve Treatment in the ICU

Paroxysmal and periodic patterns on continuously recorded EEG are commonly seen in the neurocritical care setting. As these patterns span the nonepileptic, interictal, postictal, and ictal continuum, accurate identification and appropriate management may present major challenges. This chapter will survey the most commonly seen EEG features, including sharp waveforms, rhythmic waves, lateralized and generalized periodic discharges, and subclinical seizures. To date, evidence-based guidelines for the management of these patterns are lacking; reasonable approaches to their management will be presented. Where continuous EEG monitoring is available, a stepwise approach with close follow-up of these uncertain EEG features may be reasonable in a large number of these cases.
14.5 Eyeriss: An energy-efficient reconfigurable accelerator for deep convolutional neural networks

Deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNN) gives state-of-the-art accuracy on many computer vision tasks (e.g. object detection, recognition, segmentation). Convolutions account for over 90% of the processing in CNNs for both inference/testing and training, and fully convolutional networks are increasingly being used. To achieve state-of-the-art accuracy requires CNNs with not only a larger number of layers, but also millions of filters weights, and varying shapes (i.e. filter sizes, number of filters, number of channels) as shown in Fig. 14.5.1. For instance, AlexNet [1] uses 2.3 million weights (4.6MB of storage) and requires 666 million MACs per 227×227 image (13kMACs/pixel). VGG16 [2] uses 14.7 million weights (29.4MB of storage) and requires 15.3 billion MACs per 224×224 image (306kMACs/pixel). The large number of filter weights and channels results in substantial data movement, which consumes significant energy.
LDA-Based CSI Amplitude Fingerprinting for Device-free Localization

With the advantage of not requiring additional hardware equipment and low application development costs, the CSI amplitude fingerprinting has attracted more and more attention and has become a research hotspot. However, the current position fingerprint information based on the CSI amplitude can only roughly characterize the differences between different positions, which is easy to make the subsequent localization process ambiguous, resulting in limited positioning accuracy. In order to solve the above problem, we propose a LDA-based CSI amplitude fingerprinting (LCAF) algorithm. Firstly, the algorithm uses pre-processing method to eliminate the interference of environment and noise. And then uses channel state information (CSI) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to generate a fingerprint, a more stable and distinguishable than the original fingerprint, which better characterizes the impact of the target on the wireless signal. Finally, the localization of the estimated target is determined by the data fusion algorithm based on Naive Bayesian. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the LCAF algorithm is 13% higher than the FapFi localization algorithm, and 42% higher than FIFS localization algorithm.
Histone acetylation at the sulfotransferase 1a1 gene is associated with its hepatic expression in normal aging

Abstract Phase II drug metabolism is poorly studied in advanced age and older adults may exhibit significant variability in their expression of phase II enzymes. We hypothesized that age-related changes to epigenetic regulation of genes involved in phase II drug metabolism may contribute to these effects. We examined published epigenome-wide studies of human blood and identified the SULT1A1 and UGT1A6 genes as the top loci showing epigenetic changes with age. To assess possible functional alterations with age in the liver, we assayed DNA methylation (5mC) and histone acetylation changes around the mouse homologs Sult1a1 and Ugt1a6 in liver tissue from mice aged 4-32 months obtained from the National Institute on Aging rodent tissue bank. Our sample shows significant loss of 5mC at Sult1a1, mirroring the loss of 5mC with age observed in human blood DNA at the same locus. We also detected increased histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) with age at Sult1a1, but no change to histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac). Sult1a1 gene expression is significantly positively associated with H3K9ac levels, accounting for 23% of the variation in expression. We did not detect any significant changes at Ugt1a6. We conclude that Sult1a1 expression is under epigenetic influence in normal aging and that this influence is more pronounced for H3K9ac than DNA methylation or H3K27ac in this study. More generally, our findings support the relevance of epigenetics in regulating key drug metabolizing pathways. In future, epigenetic biomarkers could prove useful to inform dosing in older adults.
The mwtab Python Library for RESTful Access and Enhanced Quality Control, Deposition, and Curation of the Metabolomics Workbench Data Repository

The Metabolomics Workbench (MW) is a public scientific data repository consisting of experimental data and metadata from metabolomics studies collected with mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. MW has been constantly evolving; updating its ‘mwTab’ text file format, adding a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) file format, implementing a REpresentational State Transfer (REST) interface, and nearly quadrupling the number of datasets hosted on the repository within the last three years. In order to keep up with the quickly evolving state of the MW repository, the ‘mwtab’ Python library and package have been continuously updated to mirror the changes in the ‘mwTab’ and JSONized formats and contain many new enhancements including methods for interacting with the MW REST interface, enhanced format validation features, and advanced features for parsing and searching for specific metabolite data and metadata. We used the enhanced format validation features to evaluate all available datasets in MW to facilitate improved curation and FAIRness of the repository. The ‘mwtab’ Python package is now officially released as version 1.0.1 and is freely available on GitHub and the Python Package Index (PyPI) under a Clear Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) license with documentation available on ReadTheDocs.
Homoarginine ameliorates diabetic nephropathy independent of nitric oxide synthase-3.

Recently we showed that homoarginine supplementation confers kidney protection in diabetic mouse models. In this study we tested whether the protective effect of homoarginine is nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-independent in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Experiments were conducted in NOS3 deficient (NOS3-/- ) mice and their wild type littermate using multiple low doses of vehicle or streptozotocin and treated with homoarginine via drinking water for 24 weeks. Homoarginine supplementation for 24 weeks in diabetic NOS3-/- mice significantly attenuated albuminuria, increased blood urea nitrogen, histopathological changes and kidney fibrosis, kidney fibrotic markers, and kidney macrophage recruitment compared with vehicle-treated diabetic NOS3-/- mice. Furthermore, homoarginine supplementation restored kidney mitochondrial function following diabetes. Importantly, there were no significant changes in kidney NOS1 or NOS2 mRNA expression between all groups. In addition, homoarginine supplementation improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis following diabetes. These data demonstrate that the protective effect of homoarginine is independent of NOS3, which will ultimately change our understanding of the mechanism(s) by which homoarginine induce renal and cardiac protection in DN. Homoarginine protective effect in DN could be mediated via improving mitochondrial function.
Welfare Considerations for Horses in Therapy and Education Services

When including horses in therapy or education services, the practitioner is responsible for carefully considering the ethical implications and the potential for unintended consequences, for both humans and horses. By employing strategies to reduce risk and increase comfort for all involved, by preparing horses for their work role, and by considering the needs and experiences of horses during and beyond the session, it may be possible to create interactions with horses in human services where their welfare is not negatively affected. No studies to date have specifically evaluated the capacity of the professionals providing these services to correctly assess affective states in horses. As is common in other areas of human-horse interactions, misinterpretation of behaviors, and a lack of awareness for pain and stress indicators, along with misjudgment of the cognitive capacities of horses can lead to outcomes that are in direct contradiction to the intentions of health and wellness inherent in the services where horses are included. Appropriate conceptualization of the horse’s role in therapy and education, a more consistent application of science-based information regarding equine communication, needs, and cognition, and a greater focus on appropriate management practices and the equine living environment are needed to improve welfare for horses in this area of work.
653-P: Evaluating Antidiabetic Medication Treatment Patterns in T2D Patients Initiating Once-Weekly Semaglutide (sema OW)

Antidiabetic medication (med) treatment patterns often differ based on a variety of patient and prescriber factors. Understanding these patterns may provide insight on optimizing therapy, especially when considering initiation of a new therapy. This study presents real-world evidence on T2D treatment patterns associated with sema OW initiation within a large cohort of T2D patients. Methods: Claims and lab result data were used to identify T2D patients from a US commercially insured/Medicare Advantage population who initiated sema OW between 12/1/17 - 6/30/20 (index as 1st claim). Selected patients had continuous health plan enrollment for ≥ 2 years pre-index and post-index through at least 90 days after the last available A1c value. Antidiabetic meds prescribed before, at the time and after initiation of sema OW were evaluated overall and for those with an A1c >9%. Results: A total of 3,081 T2D patients were identified, of which 865 patients had A1c >9%. Sema OW was initiated down the treatment pathway, with ~60% on ≥2 and ~30% on 3+ T2D meds at sema OW initiation. Sema OW was an add-on therapy to most T2D med classes overall, although when initiated onto more complex therapy regimens it was more likely to be a therapy switch (T2D monotherapy = 24% switched to sema OW, dual therapy = 46%, triple therapy = 64%, 4+ T2D medications = 70%). Following post-index A1c measurement, 35% of patients overall and 29% with a baseline A1c >9% decreased the number of their T2D meds. Conclusion: Sema OW appeared to be initiated as add-on therapy, except for those on more complex regimens. Approximately 1/3 of patients decreased their overall T2D med use after evaluation of A1c following sema OW initiation. Further research is warranted to assess impact of initiating sema OW earlier in the T2D treatment pathway, especially in patients with cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Disclosure V. Willey: Employee; Self; HealthCore. N. Shivappa: Other Relationship; Self; Novo Nordisk. C. Swift: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. J. Noone: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. S. Du: None. Y. M. Paprocki: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk. H. Tan: Other Relationship; Self; HealthCore.
A Miniaturized Dual-Band Circular Patch Antenna Excited in Broadside TM 11 & TM 12 Modes

The inherent sidelobes in the antenna patterns have barred antenna designers from exploring the ability of the higher order broadside modes of circular microstrip patches for dual-band applications. Overcoming the sidelobe constraint, in this paper, a novel dual-band circular microstrip patch antenna excited in the dominant TM11 mode and higher order broadside TM12 mode operating at 0.9 GHz and 2.45 GHz, respectively, is presented. The advantage of the proposed antenna is that it is compact in size and free from sidelobes at both the bands.