cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role for stromal autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblast activation

In the tumor stroma, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affect all aspects of tumor evolution. Whereas several programs leading to CAF activation have been elucidated, little is known about the impact of the microenvironment on the turnover of key CAF regulators. RBPJ/CSL is a transcriptional repressor that mediates NOTCH signaling and its down-modulation activates the gene expression program(s) leading to stromal senescence and CAF activation. We overview our evidence that conditions increasing macroautophagy/autophagy, as often found in the stroma of tumors, cause the down-modulation of the RBPJ protein. This event requires the autophagic machinery and is functionally relevant because it is associated with an increase of CAF effector gene expression. The mechanism involves the direct association with the autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62, which is required for RBPJ down-modulation. As a reflection of increased autophagy in the stroma, both the RBPJ and SQSTM1 proteins are down-modulated in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) patient-derived CAFs. Increasing RBPJ cellular levels stabilizes SQSTM1 and down-modulates the autophagic process. Our findings identify an autophagy-initiated mechanism for RBPJ down-modulation leading to increased CAF gene expression.
A 73-Year-Old Man With Progressive Whole Body Subcutaneous Gas After Pleural Catheter Removal.

Case Presentation A 73-year-old man presented to the ED of an outside hospital with asymptomatic chest wall swelling 10 h after discharge from our hospital. Four days earlier, he had presented to our hospital with increased dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. His history was notable for severe COPD with bullous emphysema. Chest imaging demonstrated bilateral opacities and a collection of gas and liquid in the major fissure of the left lung. A catheter was placed into the collection of gas and liquid under imaging guidance. After 4 days, the catheter was removed without event and the patient was discharged from the hospital with an extended course of antibiotics. Imaging performed in the ED revealed gas in the tissues of the chest wall and no evidence of a pneumothorax. He was transported back to our hospital by helicopter.
Do prices vary with purchase volumes in healthcare contracts

Hospitals are facing severe increases in the cost of clinical supplies, and a common strategy is to drive economies of scale achieved by hospital consolidation. The supply strategy of “volume lever...
Sugar sweetened beverage consumption during pregnancy is associated with lower diet quality and greater total energy intake.

Objective Identify the socio-economic correlates of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among pregnant women and analyze to what extent SSB consumption is associated with diet quality and total energy intake. Additionally, we aim to predict how diet quality scores and totally energy intakes would change if SSB consumption was artificially set to 0. Design Repeated Cross Sectional Study. Setting United States. Subjects SSB consumption was estimated from 1–2 24-hour dietary recalls from 1,154 pregnant women who participated in the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods Linear regression models were used to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with SSB consumption and to assess the associations between SSB consumption and diet quality and total energy intake. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index modified for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). Results The mean SSB intake was 1.3 servings per day (sd 1.5). Having a household income ≤100% of the Federal Poverty Level, being born in the United States, and not being married or living with a partner were positively associated with SSB consumption. Every 12 oz. of SSBs consumed was associated with a 2.3 lower AHEI-P score (95% CI: 1.6, 2.9) and the consumption of 124 more calories (95% CI: 85, 163), after adjusting for age, country of birth, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, household income, survey year and day/s of the week the recall/s were collected. Our predictive models indicated that average AHEI-P would be 6.4 (5.4, 7.6) higher and average total energy intakes would be 203.5 calories (122.2, 284.8) lower if SSB intake was set to 0. Conclusions SSB consumption is associated with poorer diet quality and higher total energy intake among pregnant women.
An Analysis of Hounsfield Unit Values and Volumetrics from Computerized Tomography of the Proximal Femur for Sex and Age Estimation

Sex and age are two elements in the establishment of a biological profile for forensic identification. While the pelvic bones are the most ideal structures for sex estimation, the condition of a body is not always ideal due to the nature of death, such as in mass disasters, or postmortem processes. This study utilized CT scans and resultant 3D models of 100 male and 100 female adults of known ages ranging from 18 to 98 years old to collect volumetric and Hounsfield unit measurements of the proximal femur. Equations were created to establish logistic regression models for sex estimation and linear regression models for age estimation. The resultant sex estimation method had an accuracy of 93.5% and utilized the volume of the proximal femur. This study provides three linear regression models for age with an accuracy range of 86%-92% ±12 years. As imaging technologies are increasingly adopted for forensic purposes, the power of 3D data will provide the opportunity for more quantitative and reproducible analyses. The proposed method for sex and age estimation provides a reliable tool that can be utilized in both day-to-day casework and disaster victim identification.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Patients with Crooke Cell Adenoma

Background Crooke cell adenoma is a very rare subtype of pituitary neoplasm that is known to be clinically aggressive. These tumors can secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone or may be endocrinologically silent. We evaluated the effect of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) on endocrine remission and tumor control. Materials and Methods This study comprised 5 patients (2 men, 3 women; median age at GKRS, 55 years [range, 21–65 years]) with pathology-confirmed Crooke cell adenoma treated with GKRS at the Gamma Knife Center of the University of Virginia. The median time interval between transsphenoidal resection and GKRS was 5.8 months. The median margin dose was 25 Gy (range, 18–25 Gy). Median treated adenoma volume was 3.12 mL. Median follow-up was 107 months (range, 44–122 months). Results Tumor control was achieved in all patients. Three patients achieved endocrine remission at the last follow-up. The median time interval to cortisol normalization when off of anti–hormone secreting medication was 12 months (range, 6–24 months). Newly developed or worsening endocrinopathy occurred in 3 patients at 6, 15, and 18 months, respectively. Cranial nerve III neuropathy developed in 1 patient. Two patients required bilateral adrenalectomy at 44 months and 50 months, respectively, following GKRS. Conclusions GKRS appears to be a safe and reasonably effective treatment option for Crooke cell adenoma. Multicenter studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to verify these findings.
Study on appHcatlon of complex psychological intervention in patients during recovery from general anesthesia

Objective To explore the mode of clinical psychological intervention of operative patients,pmbe into the value of music therapy in clinical application,and slart the new application fields.Methods 60 Datients were divided into the experiment group and the control group.Patients in the two groups accepted the pre-operative psychological intervention 1 d before the operation.Afier the operation.the complex psychological intervention was given to the patients during recovery from general anesthesia in the experiment group.While the patients in the control group were waken only by means of music.The heart rate(HR),pulse oximetry (SpO2),mean arterial pressure(MAP) and the objective indexes of Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)were assessed between the two groups.Results MAP in the experiment group and the control group were(79.80 4±7.76)mm Hg,(82.33±6.42)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),respectively,There was no statistical meaning in MAP and SpO2 between the two groups(P>0.05).HR were(80.76±13.92),(85.82±13.39) times/minute.respectively.The difference of HR had statistical meaning(P<0.05).The anxiety degree (9.78 4±2.32)in the experiment group was obviously poor than that(11.08±2.97)in the control group,and the difference had a statistical meaning(P<0.01).Conclusions The complex psychological intervention is a combination of preoperative psychological intervention,postoperative music awakening,and psychological guidance assisted under the music during the stepwise recovery of consciousness.It provides the whole process,timely,individual and pertinent help and psychological guidance,having active effect in reducing the patients' anxiety degree. Key words: During recovery from general anesthesia; Psychological intervention; Application
Observations of new particle formation, modal growth rates, and direct emissions of sub-10 nm particles in an urban environment

Abstract Ultrafine particles with diameters less than 100 nm suspended in the air are a topic of interest in air quality and climate sciences. Sub-10 nm particles are of additional interest due to their health effects and contribution to particle growth processes. Ambient measurements were carried out at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC between April to June 2019 and November 2019 to May 2020 to investigate the temporal variability of size distribution and number concentration of ultrafine particles. A mobile lab was deployed between March and May 2020 to characterize the spatial distribution of sub-10 nm particle number concentration. New particle formation and growth events were observed regularly. Also observed were direct emissions of sub-10 nm particles. Analysis against meteorological variables, gas-phase species, and particle concentrations show that the sub-10nm particles dominated number concentration during periods of low planetary boundary layer height, low solar radiation, and northeast winds. The spatial patterns observed during mobile deployments suggest that multiple temporally stable and spatially confined point sources of sub-10 nm particles are present within the city. These sources likely include the campus utility plants and the Raleigh-Durham International Airport. Additionally, the timing of data collection allowed for investigation of variations in the urban aerosol number size distribution due to reduced economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Multi-resolution Annotations for Emoji Prediction

Emojis are able to express various linguistic components, including emotions, sentiments, events, etc. Predicting the proper emojis associated with text provides a way to summarize the text accurately, and it has been proven to be a good auxiliary task to many Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. Labels in existing emoji prediction datasets are all passage-based and are usually under the multi-class classification setting. However, in many cases, one single emoji cannot fully cover the theme of a piece of text. It is thus useful to infer the part of text related to each emoji. The lack of multi-label and aspect-level emoji prediction datasets is one of the bottlenecks for this task. This paper annotates an emoji prediction dataset with passage-level multi-class/multi-label, and aspect-level multi-class annotations. We also present a novel annotation method with which we generate the aspect-level annotations. The annotations are generated heuristically, taking advantage of the self-attention mechanism in Transformer networks. We validate the annotations both automatically and manually to ensure their quality. We also benchmark the dataset with a pre-trained BERT model.
Discrete Random Variables

In many problems involving probability, we are not as much interested in the actual random outcome, but a function of this outcome. For example, in Section 1.4 where we discussed Freivalds’ algorithm, we considered a sample space of vectors \(r=[r_1,\dotsc ,r_n]^T\) where each \(r_i\) was either 0 or 1.
The Influence of Cultural Values in Business Practice

Culture is a highly complex set of learned behaviors that function at multiple levels. Cultural challenges go beyond overcoming language differences and navigating different national legal systems. Cultural values interlock with many national systems, which influence the way business is developed and how deals are made. Managers who understand how to navigate such differences are in high demand. Excerpt UVA-OB-1056 Rev. Jan. 23, 2015 The Influence of Cultural Values on Business Practice Open markets, technology advancements, trade agreements, transportation improvements, and numerous other “flatteners” of the world have quickly transformed the opportunities organizations have to conduct business. This ability to easily traverse distance and geography generates great potential for growth and profitability. At the same time, it can present operational challenges around integrating individuals from dissimilar national cultures into a cohesive and productive organization. These cultural challenges go beyond simply overcoming language differences and navigating different national legal systems. Cultural values interlock with many national systems (e.g., political and economic systems), which influence the way business is developed and how deals are made. In addition, when interacting with others across the globe, managers often encounter a wide range of gender views, ethnic and religious tensions, and preset stereotypes that permeate workplace interactions and can challenge their own leadership efficacy. Managers who understand how to navigate such differences are in high demand. As the global head of Infosys, Nandita Gurjar, said, “We simply cannot progress without the know-how and experience to deal with other cultures.” . . .
Curvilinear associations between family income in early childhood and the cortisol awakening response in adolescence.

Abstract Previous evidence on cortisol output and socioeconomic status (SES) has been mixed, with studies finding that lower SES can be associated with higher or lower cortisol output, and null associations have also been reported. We hypothesized that these inconsistencies may be due to an underlying curvilinear, inverted-U pattern of association, such that low income is related to increased likelihood of both low and high cortisol output. We tested these curvilinear links among family income and cortisol indices in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 803). Maternal reports of family income when the study children were 33 and 47 months of age were averaged to estimate early-childhood family income. Three cortisol indices were derived from samples collected in adolescence (15.5 years of age): the cortisol awakening response (CAR), area under the curve (AUC) cortisol, and the diurnal cortisol slope. As hypothesized, the CAR exhibited a curvilinear, inverted-U relation with childhood income, with low childhood income being associated with both the lowest and the highest CARs. These findings suggest that discrepancies in prior findings on low SES and the CAR may be due to curvilinear patterns of association. However, childhood income was not significantly associated with adolescent cortisol diurnal slope or AUC. Future work should clarify the factors that might predispose to high versus low CAR given equivalent low SES in childhood.
Association of State Gestational Age Limit Abortion Laws With Infant Mortality.

Introduction A growing number of state legislatures have passed laws that restrict access to abortion care after a specified gestational age (gestational age limit laws). The impact of these laws on maternal and child population health outcomes and inequities is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine whether states that implement gestational age limit laws experience subsequent changes in rates of infant mortality. Methods Using U.S. population‒based data from the National Center for Health Statistics Linked Infant Birth-Death Files (2005–2017), difference-in-differences models were estimated using multivariable linear regressions to compare the trends in infant mortality (all-cause and cause-specific rates) in states with gestational age limit laws with the trends in states without such laws. Models stratified by maternal racial/ethnic group explored racial heterogeneity in the law's impact. Data were analyzed in 2020. Results This study included 16,232,133 births in states that enacted a gestation age limit abortion law and 36,472,309 births in states that did not from 2005 to 2017. In difference-in-difference analyses, gestational age limit laws were associated with 0.23 excess infant deaths per 1,000 live births (95% CI=0.09, 0.37, p Conclusions On the basis of data from 2005 to 2017, states that enacted gestational age limit abortion laws subsequently experienced increased infant mortality rates.
INTERCAAT: identifying interface residues between macromolecules.

Summary The Interface Contact definition with Adaptable Atom Types (INTERCAAT) was developed to determine the atomic interactions between molecules that form a known three dimensional structure. First, INTERCAAT creates a Voronoi tessellation where each atom acts as a seed. Interactions are defined by atoms that share a hyperplane and whose distance is less than the sum of each atoms' Van der Waals radii plus the diameter of a solvent molecule. Interacting atoms are then classified and interactions are filtered based on compatibility. INTERCAAT implements an adaptive atom classification method; therefore, it can explore interfaces between a variety macromolecules. Availability Source code is freely available at (https://gitlab.com/fiserlab.org/intercaat). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors

applied with a great deal of success is infrared detection. The quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) is one such application. As its name implies, the QWIP is based on a 2D system or, equivalently, confinement in one dimension. The next natural evolution of this detector design would be the use of quantum wire 1D systems and then quantum dot (QD) 0D systems. (The fundamentals of each low dimensional system are covered in elsewhere in this text.) In practice, however, detector evolution did not go from well to wire to dot because growth and fabrication technologies have made it easier to create dots instead of wires.
Social media use in the research workflow

The paper reports on a major international questionnaire survey that investigated the use of social media in the research workflow. The topic is the second to emerge from the Charleston Observatory. The study of more than 2000 researchers shows that social media impact on all points of the research lifecycle, from identifying research opportunities to disseminating findings at the end. The three most popular social media tools in a research setting were those for collaborative authoring, conferencing, and scheduling meetings. The most popular brands used tend to be mainstream anchor technologies or 'household brands', like Twitter and Skype. Age is a poor predictor of social media use in a research context and scientists avail themselves most of social media. Journals, conference proceedings and edited books remain the core traditional means of disseminating research, with institutional repositories highly valued as well, but social media has become an important complementary channel for disseminating and discovering research.
Stage IA squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Abstract The microscopic pathology and clinical courses of 44 patients treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for equivocal or early invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were reviewed according to the classification of Frick and his associates. The incidence of major therapy complications was 14 per cent and all patients survived 5 or more years after therapy. Review of the literature on Stage IA lesions showed a 1.9 per cent incidence of lymph node metastases (103 patients), a 0.4 per cent recurrence rate in 243 patients treated conservatively, and a 1.0 per cent incidence of recurrence or evidence of primary spread beyond the cervix in 621 patients receiving all forms of therapy. From reported results, it would appear that equivocally invasive lesions and those lesions invasive up to 3 mm. without involvement of cervical lymphatics can be managed safely with conservative therapy.
A Stochastic Search Approach to Grammar Induction

This paper describes a new sampling-based heuristic for tree search named SAGE and presents an analysis of its performance on the problem of grammar induction. This last work has been inspired by the Abbadingo DFA learning competition [14] which took place between Mars and November 1997. SAGE ended up as one of the two winners in that competition. The second winning algorithm, first proposed by Rodney Price, implements a new evidence-driven heuristic for state merging. Our own version of this heuristic is also described in this paper and compared to SAGE.
Role of FDG-PET staging in selecting the optimum patient for hepatic resection of metastatic colorectal cancer

Staging by FDG-PET of patients who are candidates for surgical treatment of colorectal metastases is an essential part of management of this problem. FDG-PET is highly sensitive and specific for intrahepatic colorectal tumors and the most sensitive test for extrahepatic tumors. FDG-PET alters management in 25% of patients, reducing futile laparotomies and hepatectomies.
Angiopoietin Like Protein 2 (ANGPTL2) Promotes Adipose Tissue Macrophage and T lymphocyte Accumulation and Leads to Insulin Resistance

Objectives Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2), a recently identified pro-inflammatory cytokine, is mainly secreted from the adipose tissue. This study aimed to explore the role of ANGPTL2 in adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage activation in a mouse model of diabetes.
Chapter 4. The places of Franz Josef Land: current visits and imagery

Recent tourist cruises of Franz Josef Land have offered the chance to search for the remains of historic expeditions to the islands, as well as expeditions that used the islands as a base from which to try to reach the geographic North Pole. Expedition leader Andreas Umbreit discusses his recent such finds at both Greely Island and Teplitz Bay on Rudolf Island, as well as several other sites.
Eine Vakuum-Spaltapparatur für Epitaxieuntersuchungen an Alkalihalogeniden

Definierte Untersuchungen zur Epitaxie erfordern adsorptionsfreie Substratoberflachen. Entsprechende Oberflachen lassen sich durch Spaltung im Vakuum erzeugen. Die hier beschriebene Apparatur erlaubt die gleichzeitige Spaltung von 6 Alkalihalogeniden im Dampfstrahl. Die Spaltung erfolgt durch Zerbrechen der Kristalle. Zwei elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen der Abscheidung von PbS auf NaF und NaJ geben uber die Gute der Spaltflachen Auskunft. A simple apparatus for vacuum cleaving of alkali halides is described. The apparatus permits simultaneous cleaving of 6 crystals. The cleavage is performed by breaking: nevertheless surfaces of alkali halides are smooth over wide areas, as indicated by electron microscopy. Two electron micrographs of the deposition of PbS on NaF and NaJ characterize the cleaved surfaces.
X-ray structures of two methoxybenzo[b]thiophenes

The crystal and molecular structures of two methoxybenzo[b]thiophenes have been determined by three-dimensional, single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Both 3-(4′-hydroxy-3′, 5′-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene and 3-(2′,6′-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene (hereafter referred to asI andII, respectively) crystallize in the monoclinic centrosymmetric space groupP21/n (No. 14, C 2h 5 ) with four formula units-per cell witha=6.866(1),b=28.638(2),c=11.830(2) A, and β=105.52(1)° anda=9.328(1),b=7.977(1),c=29.650(4) A, and β=97.87(1)°, respectively. The phase problems were solved by direct methods and the respective final full-matrix least-squares refinements converged toR=0.046 and 0.031. The structures differ in the positioning of the dimethoxy groups of the benzoyl ligands and the addition of a hydroxyl group inI. The molecules in the crystal lattice are held together by van der Waals forces plus the addition of hydrogen bonding in compoundI. Selected bond distances and angles and torsion angles are tabularized.
The effects of organizational context on autonomy-enhancing policies in assisted living

Abstract This study examines the effects of facility size, ownership, chain membership, and residents' characteristics on autonomy-enhancing policies in assisted living. The theoretical framework for the study is based on the open systems perspective, which views organizations as being influenced by environmental context (e.g., ownership and chain membership). Data were collected from interviews with administrators of 60 facilities in Maryland. Autonomy-enhancing policies were assessed with the MEAP Policy Choice and Resident Control scales. Facility size and residents' disability were strong predictors of autonomy-enhancing policies (R2 = .39, p
Fiscal Equity in Urban Mass Transit Systems: A Geographic Analysis

Abstract The issue of equity in the delivery of public services is complicated both by conceptual conflicts and competing methodologies. In spite of the considerable interest in, and practical and theoretical importance of, public service equity assessment, relatively few studies have evaluated the geographic distribution of subsidies, especially at the metropolitan level where the central city-suburb distinction dominates. This study clarifies a number of conceptual and methodological questions related to public service equity by analyzing the geographic flow of fiscal subsidies for mass transit operations using King County (Seattle), WA as a case study. The analysis focuses on three issues. First, cross-subsidies (subsidies between users) are considered for users defined by their social groups and residential locations. Second, the distribution of non-farebox (tax) revenues is determined for income groups and geographic areas. Third, the total net subsidy, considering costs, fares, and non-farebox reven...
The Influence of Hurricane Exposure and Anxiety Sensitivity on Panic Symptoms

Trauma exposure has been associated with panic symptoms in adult samples, but little is known about the relationship between trauma and panic in children. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), or the fear of anxiety-related bodily sensations, may help explain the relationship between trauma and panic. To examine relationships among trauma, anxiety sensitivity, and panic symptoms, data were collected from youth in the New Orleans area 5-8 months after Hurricane Katrina (N = 302) and again 17-18 months after the hurricane (N = 110). At time one (T1), AS predicted panic symptoms beyond hurricane exposure. At time two (T2), AS measured at time two (T2) predicted panic symptoms beyond AS measured at T1. Clinical implications of the present findings are discussed.
Enhancement of cocaine's abuse liability in methadone maintenance patients

The present study was conducted to determine whether methadone maintenance alters the pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of cocaine. Twenty-two current users of IV cocaine who were not seeking treatment for their illicit cocaine use participated while living on a research unit. Eleven were maintained on methadone 50 mg PO daily as treatment for their opioid abuse; 11 were opioid abusers who were not physically dependent on opioids and who provided opioid-free urines throughout the study. Each subject received acute cocaine challenge doses of 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg intravenously in random order under double-blind conditions in separate test sessions. Physiologic and subject-rated responses were measured before injection and for 2 h after. In the methadone maintenance group, cocaine challenge sessions occurred 15.5 h after the daily methadone dose. There were significant differences between the methadone-dependent and nondependent groups: 1) baseline differences related to chronic methadone administration and not associated with cocaine administration (lower respiration rates and pupil diameter; higher skin temperature) and 2) differences in response to cocaine administration; cocaine-induced increases in subject ratings of Drug Effect, Rush, Good Effects, Liking, and Desire for Cocaine and in heart rate were greater in the methadone maintenance patients compared to the non-dependent group. These results indicate that the positive subjective effects and some physiological effects of cocaine are enhanced in methadone-maintained individuals, suggesting a pharmacological basis for the high rates of cocaine abuse among methadone maintenance patients.
Moving the Library Agenda Forward: Librarians Collaborating With the Chief Library Administrator to Cultivate Campus Constituencies

ABSTRACT How does a new dean or director identify whom among a library's faculty and professionals are active in university and community endeavors, committees, governing boards, and university governance? Once identified, how does the new dean or director develop and leverage these valuable assets to assist in building support for the library among campus constituencies? Working with the chief library administrator, library staff cultivate productive relationships with the campus community and key stakeholders to the benefit of the library and ultimately the larger organization. Cultivated staff members assist the dean or director in building a culture of assisting campus decision makers with authoritative resources, making it easier for decision makers to effectively perform their duties while simultaneously raising the profile of the library and library services.
Antagonism of the effects of the hallucinogen DOM and the purported 5-HT agonist quipazine by 5-HT2 antagonists.

Rats trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM) from saline in a two-lever operant choice task were administered doses of mescaline, LSD, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT), quipazine, TFMPP and RU-24969. The DOM-stimulus generalized to the three hallucinogenic agents and to quipazine, but not to the purported serotonin agonists TFMPP or RU-24969. Pretreatment of the animals with the 5-HT2 antagonists ketanserin and pirenperone antagonized the effect produced by DOM. Pirenperone also blocked DOM-stimulus generalization to mescaline, LSD, 5-OMe DMT and quipazine. The results of this study suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of DOM, the three hallucinogenic agents to which DOM-stimulus generalization occurred, and quipazine, may involve those sub-populations of serotonin receptors that are labeled by tritiated ketanserin (i.e. 5-HT2 sites).
Experimental results on subgoal reordering

The effect on the performance of a goal-oriented theorem power is studied on subgoal re-ordering using some simple synthetic heuristics. It is shown that subgoal reordering using these simple heuristics has a considerable impact on the performance of the prover on a large set of test problems. Some heuristics even provide equally good, and often better, performance as to the hand ordering of the input clauses. The merit of the approach seems to be that the syntactic aspect of theorem proving is considered. This approach is simple in form and cheap in its evaluation, and often provides good heuristics. >
Reduction in red blood cell transfusions using a bedside analyzer in extremely low birth weight infants.

Preterm infants typically experience heavy phlebotomy losses from frequent laboratory testing in the first few weeks of life. This results in anemia, requiring red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. We recently introduced a bedside point-of-care (POC) blood gas analyzer (iSTAT, Princeton, NJ) that requires a smaller volume of blood to replace conventional Radiometer blood gas and electrolyte analysis used by our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The smaller volume of blood required for sampling (100 vs 300–500 μl), provided an opportunity to assess if a decrease in phlebotomy loss occurred and, if so, to determine if this resulted in decreased transfusions administered to extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. We hypothesized that the use of the POC iSTAT analyzer that measures pH, PCO2, PO2, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum sodium, serum potassium and ionized calcium would result in a significant decrease in the number and volume of RBC transfusions in the first 2 weeks of life. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all inborn premature infants with birth weights less than 1000 g admitted to the NICU that survived for 2 weeks of age during two separate 1-year periods. Blood gas analysis was performed by conventional laboratory methods during the first period (designated Pre-POC testing) and by the iSTAT POC device during the second period (designated post-POC testing). Data collected for individual infants included the number of RBC transfusions, volume of RBCs transfused, and the number and kind of blood testing done. There was no effort to change either the RBC transfusion criteria applied or blood testing practices. The mean (±SD) number of RBC transfusions administered in the first 2 weeks after birth was 5.7±3.74 (n=46) in the pre-POC testing period to 3.1±2.07 (n=34) in the post-POC testing period (p<0.001), a 46% reduction. The mean volume of RBC transfusions decreased by 43% with use of the POC analyzer, that is, from 78.4±51.6 ml/kg in the pre-POC testing group to 44.4±32.9 ml/kg in the Post-POC testing group (p<0.002). There was no difference between the two periods in the total number of laboratory blood tests done. Use of a bedside blood gas analyzer is associated with clinically important reductions in RBC transfusions in the ELBW infant during the first two weeks of life.
More on contextual effects on learning and memory

Subjects were presented a page of words containing either two or four words per line. A single word (target) on each line was to be learned. Results showed that, as in an earlier experiment (Perlmuter & Monty, 1982), directing attention to background words by allowing subjects to choose the target words enhanced the learning of background and target items. Moreover, when subjects were permitted to select their targets by rejecting those that they did not wish to learn, overall performance was even better than when choice was permitted. Thus, the earlier observations of the interrelatedness of target and background learning were extended and show that such joint learning can be greatly enhanced by giving the subject the opportunity to choose or reject target words. Possible reasons for these observations were discussed. In an earlier experiment, Perlmuter and Monty (1982) found that when subjects were allowed to choose one target word from a line of words, memory for not only the chosen item but also for the nonchosen or back­ ground words was enhanced relative to a "force" condi­ tion in which no choice was offered . There are at least two explanations for that observation. First, it is pos­ sible that attention directed to the nonchosen words during the act of choosing enhanced incidental learning of the nonchosen words, which in turn enhanced mem­ ory for the target words. This is similar to Schulman's (1973) observation that learning of background informa­ tion (e.g., position on a page) is associated with enhanced target recall. Alternatively, allowing the subjects to choose materials they wish to learn might have resulted in a generalized state of motivation, which in turn resulted in better learning of both the target (chosen) and background (nonchosen or force) words. This mechanism has been discussed more fully by Monty,
From ''old school'' to ''farm-to-school'': Neoliberalization from the ground up

Farm-to-school (FTS) programs have garnered the attentions and energies of people in a diverse array of social locations in the food system and are serving as a sort of touchstone for many in the alternative agrifood movement. Yet, unlike other alternative agrifood initiatives, FTS programs intersect directly with the long-estab- lished institution of the welfare state, including its vestiges of New Deal farm programs and public entitlement. This paper explores how FTS is navigating the liminal terrain of public and private initiative, particularly the ways in which it interfaces with neoliberalism as both a material and discursive project. It examines the political emergence of school food programs and finds that FTS is strikingly similar to traditional school programs in objectives, but differs in approach. Yet, in their efforts to fill in the gaps created by political and economic neoliberalization, FTS advocates are in essence producing neoliberal forms and practices afresh. These include those associated with contingent labor relationships, private funding sources, and the devolution of responsibility to the local, all of which have serious consequences for social equity. The paper also discusses how FTS programs are employing the rhetoric of neoliberal governmentality, including personal responsibility and individual success, consumerism, and choice. While these may be tactical choices used to secure funding in a competitive environment, they may also contribute to the normalization of neoliberalism, further circumscribing the possibilities of what can be imagined and created to solve social problems.
Preparation and Characterization of Half-Sandwich (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(triflato)titanium(IV) Complexes: Solid-State Structural Motifs and Catalysis Studies

Half-sandwich (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(triflato)titanium(IV) complexes of the type [Ti(Cp*)(TfO)2X] (X=MeO (1), Me (2), 2,4,6-Me3C6H2O (5)) or [Ti(Cp*)(o-OC6H4O)(TfO)] (7) were readily synthesized via methathesis of the corresponding chloride complexes with silver triflate (Cp*=(η5-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)). In addition, the complex 3 with X=OH was prepared by controlled hydrolysis of 2. The solid-state structures of these new complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray-diffraction techniques. Three different structural motifs were identified; 1, 2, 3, and 7 are dimeric, while 5 is monomeric. The complexes were screened for their ability to stereospecifically polymerize styrene under homogeneous conditions. In the absence of activators, such as MAO (methylaluminoxane), 1 and 2 readily catalyzed the formation of atactic polystyrene; a strong dependence on the steric size of X was noted. In the presence of MAO, all of the complexes showed high activity and strong preference for the synthesis of syndiotactic polystyrene that was superior to that of [TiCl3(Cp*)]/MAO.
New antiplatelet therapies for acute coronary syndromes

Platelets play a central role in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Dual antiplatelet therapy has resulted in significant advances in the treatment of ACS; however, ACS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Important limitations exist among the current antiplatelet agents and therefore a pressing need for the development of improved antiplatelet agents exists. Three antiplatelet agents currently under investigation (prasugrel, AZD6140, and cangrelor) in clinical trials for the treatment of ACS appear promising.
Going beyond 2D: following membrane diffusion and topography in the IgE-Fc[epsilon]RI system using 3-dimensional tracking microscopy

The ability to follow and observe single molecules as they function in live cells represents a major milestone for molecular-cellular biology. Here we present a tracking microscope that is able to track quantum dots in three dimensions and simultaneously record time-resolved emission statistics from a single dot. This innovative microscopy approach is based on four spatial filters and closed loop feedback to constantly keep a single quantum dot in the focal spot. Using this microscope, we demonstrate the ability to follow quantum dot labeled IgE antibodies bound to FceRI membrane receptors in live RBL-2H3 cells. The results are consistent with prior studies of two dimensional membrane diffusion (Andrews et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 10, 955, 2008). In addition, the microscope captures motion in the axial (Z) direction, which permits tracking of diffusing receptors relative to the "hills and valleys" of the dynamically changing membrane landscape. This approach is uniquely capable of following single molecule dynamics on live cells with three dimensional spatial resolution.
High-Speed VLSI Implementation of 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform

This paper presents a systematic high-speed VLSI implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based on hardware-efficient parallel FIR filter structures. High-speed 2-D DWT with computation time as low as N 2/12 can be easily achieved for an NtimesN image with controlled increase of hardware cost. Compared with recently published 2-D DWT architectures with computation time of N 2/3 and 2N 2/3, the proposed designs can also save a large amount of multipliers and/or storage elements. It can also be used to implement those 2-D DWT traditionally suitable for lifting or flipping-based designs, such as (9,7) and (6,10) DWT. The throughput rate can be improved by a factor of 4 by the proposed approach, but the hardware cost increases by a factor of around 3. Furthermore, the proposed designs have very simple control signals, regular structures and 100% hardware utilization for continuous images.
Evaluation of "electronic" spirometers.

Abstract Portable electronic spirometers, often with direct readout, are now replacing conventional water or bellows spirometers for office, clinic and bedside use. Despite wide acceptance, perform...
Pion Production in Pion-Nucleon Collisions

The single production of pions occurring in pion-nucleon collisions at incident pion energies below \ensuremath{\sim}1.5 Bev has been considered in terms of the inelastic excitation of the nucleon to the isobaric state with isotopic spin and $\mathrm{angular}\mathrm{momentum}=\frac{3}{2}$, previously identified with the resonant state in the low-energy pion-nucleon scattering. An associated separate recoil pion accompanies the isobar, and conserves energy and momentum. The isobar subsequently decays into a nucleon and a pion. Expressions have been obtained for the branching ratios between the different reactions, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+n$, and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}+p$, and for the separate energy spectra of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$, and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons. The momentum distributions of the pions and recoil nucleons have been calculated at incident pion energies of 0.93 Bev and 1.37 Bev, and are generally in reasonable agreement with the experimental data available at these energies.
Worldwide survey of damage from swallowing multiple magnets

It is increasingly recognized that in children swallowed multiple magnets cause considerable damage to the gastrointestinal tract. To emphasize that complications from swallowed magnets are extensive worldwide and throughout childhood. The author surveyed radiologists and researched cases of magnet swallowing in the literature and documented age and gender, numbers of magnets, nature of the magnets, reasons for swallowing, and clinical course. A total of 128 instances of magnet swallowing were identified, one fatal. Cases from 21 countries were found. Magnet swallowing occurred throughout childhood, with most children older than 3 years of age. Numbers of swallowed magnets ranged up to 100. Twelve children were known to be autistic. Many reasons were given for swallowing magnets, and a wide range of gastrointestinal damage was encountered. Considerable delay before seeking medical assistance was frequent, as was delay before obtaining radiographs or US imaging. Damage from swallowing multiple magnets is a considerable worldwide problem. More educational and preventative measures are needed.
Immune alterations and immunotherapy prospects in head and neck cancer.

Introduction: Several literature sources have suggested that subjects with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) display significant abnormalities of immunocompetent cells and cytokine secretion. Serious side effects and only a limited success with traditional therapies in HNSCC dictate the need for newer therapies. Areas covered: This article comprehensively reviews the immune system alterations in HNSCC and the rationale behind various experimental immunotherapies, aiming at keeping this disease under control. Relevant publications were identified through the PubMed database search. The ongoing clinical trials regarding experimental immunotherapy agents in HNSCC were accessed at www.clinicaltrials.gov. The obtained information was thoroughly analyzed and systematized. Expert opinion: Important and severe immune defects including T-cell dysfunction, cytokine alterations and antigen presentation defects are present in patients with HNSCC. In addition, tumor microenvironment was shown to play a cri...
The Last Good Chance: A Reassessment of U.S. Operations at Tora Bora

The inability of the United States to capture or kill Osama bin Laden and many of his top deputies at Tora Bora is widely recognized as one of the most significant missed opportunities of America's struggle with al Qaeda. However, the debate over U.S. actions at Tora Bora during Operation Enduring Freedom lacks in-depth analysis, especially concerning the commonly offered solution of more U.S. troops on the ground. This paper dissects the original operation against al Qaeda forces entrenched in the mountain complex in eastern Afghanistan in late 2001 and its impact on the debate over the Afghan model of warfare. An alternative plan involving U.S. conventional forces is presented that takes into account the considerable constraints of the scenario and analyzes the key make-or-break points of the operation. Although the challenges are far greater than most critics have allowed, the revised plan would likely have offered the best chance to capture or kill Bin Laden and a significant portion of the al Qaeda l...
MyD88 beyond Toll.

The adaptor protein MyD88 is involved in interleukin 1 receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling. Unexpectedly, new evidence shows that MyD88 also participates in interferon-γ-induced cellular responses.
Reversal of age-associated memory impairment by rosuvastatin in rats

Increased levels of iron in brain regions have been reported in neurodegenerative disorders as well as in normal brain aging. We have previously demonstrated that neonatal iron loading induces cognitive impairment in adult rats. Here, we evaluate the effects of neonatal iron treatment on cognition in aged rats. We also investigated the effects of a late subchronic rosuvastatin treatment on iron- and age-induced cognitive deficits. Rats received vehicle or 10.0mg/kg Fe(2+) orally at postnatal days 12-14. When animals reached the age of 23 months, they received daily intraperitoneal injections of saline or rosuvastatin (0.2 or 2.0mg/kg) for 21 days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, they were submitted to novel object recognition training. Retention test sessions were performed 1.5 and 24h after training, in order to assess short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Results indicated that aged animals that received iron in the neonatal period showed more severe memory deficits than vehicle-treated ones, suggesting that iron potentiates age-associated memory impairments. Rosuvastatin improved recognition memory deficits associated with iron loading and aging, providing evidence that statins may be considered for the treatment of age-associated cognitive decline.