cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The intensity-time relation for multiple flashes of light in the peripheral retina.

This study investigates the effect upon threshold of multiple light pulses, 0.01 second in duration, that fall on the peripheral retina. In one series of experiments a train of 1 to 5 such pulses is presented, the interval between pulses being 0.01 second. The maximum duration of such a train of pulses is shorter than the critical duration for a single flash of light, found by Long to be 0.10 second, under conditions similar to those that hold in the present investigation. In another series of experiments, threshold determinations are made for two such pulses separated by 4 temporal intervals less than, and by 6 temporal intervals greater than, critical duration.The results indicate that the breaking up of a light stimulus into separate flashes has no effect upon threshold provided these flashes occur within a critical duration. When 2 flashes are separated by temporal intervals greater than critical duration, threshold energy rises and, at a temporal separation of 0.5 second, is the same for each of two flashes as it is for one flash. Under the latter circumstances the subject reports the existence of two flashes.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS COVARY DURING CLOZAPINE TREATMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Summary-Although negative symptoms were traditionally considered to be unresponsive to neuroleptic medication, recent studies have demonstrated that negative symptoms do improve during neuroleptic treatment and that such improvement tends to occur concurrently with improvement in positive symptoms. Clozapine is an atypical neuroleptic that is effective in a significant proportion of otherwise neuroleptic-nonresponsive schizophrenic patients; in contrast to conventional neuroleptics, clozapine is also purported to possess unique efficacy in the amelioration of negative symptoms. How clozapine-associated reduction in negative symptoms relates to change in positive symptoms is not clear. To study the relationship between change in positive and negative symptoms during clozapine treatment, we monitored symptomatology in 40 DSM-III-R schizophrenic patients before and about 8 weeks after a trial of clozapine. Both positive and negative symptoms improved significantly. There was a significant correlation (r = .63, p c.01) between change in positive symptoms and change in negative symptoms; as with conventional neuroleptics, negative symptoms improved concomitantly with positive symptoms during clozapine treatment. Clozapine’s apparent greater efficacy on negative symptoms may be related to its greater efficacy on positive symptoms in otherwise neuroleptic-refractory patients and its lesser propensity to cause extrapyramidal sideeffects.
On the Premixed Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

The factors influencing premixed burning and the importance of premixed burning on the exhaust emissions from a small high-speed direct-injection diesel engine were investigated. The characteristics of premixed and diffusion burning were examined using a single-zone heat-release analysis. The mass of fuel burned in premixed combustion was found to be linearly related to the product of engine speed and ignition-delay time and to be essentially independent of the total amount of fuel injected. Accordingly, the premixed-burned fraction increased with increasing engine speed, with decreasing fuel-air ratio and with retarding injection timing. The hydrocarbon emissions did not correlate well with the premixed-burned fraction. In contrast, the oxides of nitrogen emissions were found to increase with decreasing premixed-burned fraction, indicating that diffusion burning, and not premixed burning, is the primary source of oxides of nitrogen emissions.
Intestinal tumorigenesis is suppressed in mice lacking the metalloproteinase matrilysin

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) classically have been implicated in basement membrane destruction associated with late-stage tumor cell invasion and metastasis. However, recent studies have demonstrated that one MMP family member, matrilysin, is expressed in a high percentage of early-stage human colorectal tumors. We analyzed matrilysin expression in benign intestinal tumors from mice heterozygous for the ApcMin allele (Min/+) and found that the mRNA was induced in the majority (88%) of these adenomas. Protein was detected in the tumor cells, where, surprisingly, it was predominantly immunolocalized to the lumenal surface of dysplastic glands rather than the basement membrane or extracellular matrix. To address the role of matrilysin in Min intestinal tumorigenesis, we generated Min/+ mice deficient in this MMP by gene targeting and homologous recombination. The absence of matrilysin resulted in a reduction in mean tumor multiplicity in Min/+ animals of approximately 60% and a significant decrease in the average tumor diameter. Based on these findings, we conclude that matrilysin is a suppressor of the Min phenotype, possibly by functioning in a capacity independent of matrix degradation. These results argue for the use of MMP inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of early-stage colon cancer.
Eye movements in cocaine abusers

Abstract Using electro-oculography, we quantitatively investigated eye movements in nine heavy cocaine abusers and three groups of controls. Plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), a major metabolite of brain norepinephrine, in cocaine abusers were reduced to an average of 53% of normal Cocaine abusers had normal smooth pursuit, optokinetic nystagmus, vestibulo-ocular reflex, visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and caloric nystagmus. Data were suggestive of a significant reduction in the degree of immediate enhancement of visual-vestibulo-ocular reflex gain by magnified vision in the cocaine abusers. However, adaptive plasticity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex was normal in the cocaine abusers. These results suggest that, despite animal data linking vestibulo-ocular reflex plasticity to central norepinephrine, this neurotransmitter may not be important to plasticity in human beings.
Human Health and Stoic Moral Norms

For the philosophy of medicine, there are two things of interest about the stoic account of moral norms, quite apart from whether the rest of stoic ethical theory is compelling. One is the stoic version of naturalism: its account of practical reasoning, its solution to the is/ought problem, and its contention that norms for creating, sustaining, or restoring human health are tantamount to moral norms. The other is the stoic account of human agency: its description of the intimate connections between human health, rational agency, and moral norms. There is practical guidance to be gained from exploring those connections, whether or not one is ready to follow stoic moral theory all the way to its austere end.
Towards A Systemic Methodology For Evaluating The Impact Of Interventions On Organizational Effectiveness

A methodology is proposed by which relevant persons can systematically partake in conceptualizing which components of effectiveness are most central to an organization, how to choose evaluation methodologies to measure these components, and how to evaluate the impact of a change program to enhance the effectiveness of the organization.
10 Gb/s photocurrent driven, widely tunable electroaborption modulator based wavelength converter

An electroabsorption modulator based photocurrent driven wavelength converter has been fabricated and characterized. Bit error rate measurements at 10 Gb/s show less than 2.5 dB power penalty over 30 nm with 10 dB extinction and input fiber-coupled power less than 2 mW
A new approach to designing multilayer feedforward neural networks for modeling nonlinear restoring forces

This study investigates the possibility of injecting parametric features into nonparametric identification techniques like neural networks in modeling nonlinear dynamic restoring forces. This affords the potential of creating relationships between model parameters in data-driven techniques and phenomenological behaviors in physics-based modeling, which is prompted by the needs in structural health monitoring and damage detections. Here a linear sum of sigmoidal basis functions is used in modeling nonlinear hysteretic restoring forces of single-degree-of-freedom oscillators under the force-state mapping formulation to showcase this idea. A constructive approach is proposed to guide the neural network initial design, where the number of hidden layers and hidden nodes as well as the initial values of the weights and biases are decided upon the characteristics of the nonlinear restoring force to be modeled rather than through indiscriminate numerical initialization schemes. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and engineered feature of this approach. A training example is provided to show that this approach enables neural networks to carry either physical or phenomenological "meaning" while remaining adaptive and thus powerful in system identification.
NF-κB-dependent Transcriptional Activation in Lung Carcinoma Cells by Farnesol Involves p65/RelA(Ser276) Phosphorylation via the MEK-MSK1 Signaling Pathway

In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma H460 cells with farnesol induces the expression of a number of immune response and inflammatory genes, including IL-6, CXCL3, IL-1α, and COX-2. This response was dependent on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Farnesol treatment reduces the level of IκBα and induces translocation of p65/RelA to the nucleus, its phosphorylation at Ser276, and transactivation of NF-κB-dependent transcription. Moreover, overexpression of IκBα or treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester greatly diminishes the induction of inflammatory gene expression by farnesol. We provide evidence indicating that the farnesol-induced phosphorylation of p65/RelA at Ser276 is important for optimal transcriptional activity of NF-κB. The MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and knockdown of MEK1/2 expression with small interfering RNAs effectively blocked the phosphorylation of p65/RelA(Ser276) but not that of Ser536, suggesting that this phosphorylation is dependent on the activation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. We further show that inhibition of MSK1, a kinase acting downstream of MEK1/2-ERK1/2, by H89 or knockdown of MSK1 expression also inhibited phosphorylation of p65/RelA(Ser276), suggesting that this phosphorylation is dependent on MSK1. Knockdown of MEK1/2 or MSK1 expression inhibits farnesol-induced expression of CXCL3, IL-1α, and COX-2 mRNA. Our results indicate that the induction of inflammatory genes by farnesol is mediated by the activation of the NF-κB pathway and involves MEK1/2-ERK1/2-MSK1-dependent phosphorylation of p65/RelA(Ser276). The activation of the NF-κB pathway by farnesol might be part of a prosurvival response during farnesol-induced ER stress.
"Cradle to grave": an analysis of sustainable food systems in a university setting.

The ultimate goal of this research was to understand the process of food service sustainability through a limited “cradle-to-grave” analysis of Southern Illinois University's (SIU) campus dining facilities. The process of researching the dining halls' sustainability was broken into three separate stages: food mileage analysis, food waste analysis, and vermicomposting analysis. The first stage results determined that the dining halls were 15.67% sustainable in its food purchasing process. The goal for the university was to obtain a 20% purchase rate of sustainable products. The total carbon foot print for the university was 1533.5 tons of Co2 for 1,990 items. This carbon output is equivalent to the annual greenhouse gas emissions from 278.82 passenger vehicles. The total mileage of the food items was 775,394.50 miles. The second stage of the research calculated the average amount of waste that was produced per student. SIU's dining halls utilize a new system of service called trayless, where trays are remo...
The Lives of Erich Fromm: Love's Prophet

The noted historian Lawrence J. Friedman has produced a work that provides invaluable scholarship about an important figure, Erich Fromm, and serves as an important window into perhaps the only psy...
The hard Lefschetz property for Hamiltonian GKM manifolds

We introduce characteristic numbers of a graph and demonstrate that they are a combinatorial analogue of topological Betti numbers. We then use characteristic numbers and related tools to study Hamiltonian GKM manifolds whose moment maps are in general position. We study the connectivity properties of GKM graphs and give an upper bound on the second Betti number of a GKM manifold. When the manifold has dimension at most 10, we use this bound to conclude that the manifold has nondecreasing even Betti numbers up to half the dimension, which is a weak version of the Hard Lefschetz Property.
Study of Cold-State Aerodynamic Field Test on the Outlet of 2150t/h Supercritical Once-Through Boiler

The new unit putting into production is the supercritical boiler with a level of or above 600 MW, and most of them take the corner tangential combustion technology. The Long-term operation practice shows that there is gas temperature deviation on all the horizontal flues of boilers, which usually leads to the overheating tube burst of the high-temperature superheater and reheater, thus threats the safe and economic operation of power station. Towards the gas temperature deviation phenomenon that exists commonly in tangentially fired boiler, this paper went on the pertinent cold-state aerodynamic field test on the tangentially fired boilers in one new power plant and studied the airflow velocity at the furnace outlet in eight vertical levels by changing the SOFA horizontally rotating angle. The experiment showed that changing the baffles opening and horizontally rotating angle of SOFA air door could adjust airflow quite well and make it uniform, furthermore, the airflow can reach a basic balance at the biggest anti-tangential angle. This paper has some reference value towards improving the gas temperature deviation problem of tangentially fired boilers.
Clinical Nurse Specialist in Private Practice: An Interview with Martie Boulton, APRN, BC, LADC, MS, MSN, CARN-AP

The Changing Perspectives Program, LLP (Limited Liability Practice) is a private psychotherapy practice begun by three women in September 2003 in Westport, Connecticut. One of the women is a Licens...
Particle sizes of the Uranus delta ring's inner diffuse companion through comparison of RSS and PPS voyager occultation data

In January, 1976, Voyager 2's photopolarimeter and UV spectrometer observed Delta Sagitarii and Beta Persei during their occultation by the Uranian delta ring. An inner diffuse companion of this ring was detected and found to have an average width of 12 km. By comparing the widths and equivalent depths of the two sets of data, it is established that the particles making the greatest contribution to the integrated opacities of the companion are of greater-than-several-cm sizes. The particles appear to be located away from the photopolarimetry edges, where there may be particles smaller than those observed elsewhere.
Avian foliage structure preferences for foraging and the effect of prey biomass

Abstract Aviary experiments using artificial foliage were conducted on two paruline warblers, black-throated blue warblers, Dendroica caerulescens , and black-throated green warblers, D. virens , to determine whether these bird species display foliage structure preferences when prey biomass is equal on each foliage structure, whether their preferences are consistent and transitive, and whether increasing prey biomass can reverse their preferences. Most black-throated blue warblers displayed preferences for structures simulating sugar maple, Acer saccharum , foliage at the distal region of the branch (short sugar maple) over structures simulating yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis , foliage (artificial yellow birch) and over structures simulating sugar maple foliage on the region of the branch more proximal to the trunk (long sugar maple). The artificial yellow birch foliage was generally preferred over the long sugar maple. Most black-throated green warblers displayed no preference between short sugar maple and yellow birch, but preferred both of these over long sugar maple. In all cases, preferences were consistent and transitive, and increasing prey biomass reversed the preference. However, the increase in prey biomass needed to reverse the preferences of black-throated green warblers was greater than for black-throated blue warblers. These structure preferences may be based on considerations of the costs and benefits of foraging on the different foliage types.
Central chemosensitivity, sleep, and wakefulness.

Abstract Neurons in many regions of the lower brain are chemosensitive in vitro. Focal acidification of these same and other regions in vivo can stimulate breathing indicating the presence of chemoreception. Why are there so many sites for central chemoreception? This review evaluates data obtained from unanesthetized rats at three central chemoreceptor sites, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), the medullary raphe, and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and extends ideas concerning two hypotheses, which were recently formulated (Nattie, E., 2000. Respir. Physiol. 122, 223–235). (1) The high overall sensitivity of the respiratory control system in the unanesthetized state to small increases in arterial CO 2 relies on an additive or greater effect of these multiple chemoreceptor sites. (2) Chemoreceptor sites can vary in effectiveness dependent on the state of arousal. These ideas fit into a more speculative and general hypothesis that central chemoreceptors are organized in a hierarchical manner as proposed for temperature sensing and thermoregulation (Satinoff, E., 1978. Science 201, 16–22). The presence of a number of chemosensitive sites with varying thresholds, sensitivity, and arousal dependence provides finely tuned control and stability for breathing.
Neutrophil extracellular traps form predominantly during the organizing stage of human venous thromboembolism development

Summary Background A growing health problem, venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), requires refined diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Neutrophils contribute to thrombus initiation and development in experimental DVT. Recent animal studies recognized neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as an important scaffold supporting thrombus stability. However, the hypothesis that human venous thrombi involve NETs has not undergone rigorous testing. Objective To explore the cellular composition and the presence of NETs within human venous thrombi at different stages of development. Patients and Methods We examined 16 thrombi obtained from 11 patients during surgery or at autopsy using histomorphological, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. Results We classified thrombus regions as unorganized, organizing and organized according to their morphological characteristics. We then evaluated them, focusing on neutrophil and platelet deposition as well as micro-vascularization of the thrombus body. We observed evidence of NET accumulation, including the presence of citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit)-positive cells. NETs, defined as extracellular diffuse H3Cit areas associated with myeloperoxidase and DNA, localized predominantly during the phase of organization in human venous thrombi. Conclusions NETs are present in organizing thrombi in patients with VTE. They are associated with thrombus maturation in humans. Dissolution of NETs might thus facilitate thrombolysis. This finding provides new insights into the clinical development and pathology of thrombosis and provides new perspectives for therapeutic advances.
The "neurovascular unit approach" to evaluate mechanisms of dysfunctional autoregulation in asphyxiated newborns in the era of hypothermia therapy.

Abstract Despite improvements in obstetrical and neonatal care, and introduction of hypothermia as a neuroprotective therapy, perinatal brain injury remains a frequent cause of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and epilepsy. The recognition of dysfunction of cerebral autoregulation is essential for a real time measure of efficacy to identify those who are at highest risk for brain injury. This article will focus on the "neurovascular unit" approach to the care of asphyxiated neonates and will address 1) potential mechanisms of dysfunctional cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, 2) optimal monitoring methodology such as NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy), and TCD (transcutaneous Doppler), and 3) clinical implications of monitoring in the neonatal intensive care setting in asphyxiated newborns undergoing hypothermia and rewarming. Critical knowledge of the functional regulation of the neurovascular unit may lead to improved ability to predict outcomes in real time during hypothermia, as well as differentiate non-responders who might benefit from additional therapies.
Challenges and implementation of radiation-force imaging with an intracardiac ultrasound transducer

Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has been demonstrated to be an effective imaging modality for the guidance of several cardiac procedures, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA). However, assessing lesion size during the ablation with conventional ultrasound has been limited, as the associated changes within the B-mode images often are subtle. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a promising modality to monitor RFAs as it is capable of visualizing variations in local stiffnesses within the myocardium. We demonstrate ARPI imaging with an intracardiac probe that creates higher quality images of the developing lesion. We evaluated the performance of an ICE probe with ARFI imaging in monitoring RFAs. The intracardiac probe was used to create high contrast, high resolution ARFI images of a tissue-mimicking phantom containing stiffer spherical inclusions. The probe also was used to examine an excised segment of an ovine right ventricle with a RFA-created surface lesion. Although the lesion was not visible in conventional B-mode images, the ARFI images were able to show the boundaries between the lesion and the surrounding tissue. ARFI imaging with an intracardiac probe then was used to monitor cardiac ablations in vivo. RFAs were performed within the right atrium of an ovine heart, and B-mode and ARFI imaging with the intracardiac probe was used to monitor the developing lesions. Although there was little indication of a developing lesion within the B-mode images, the corresponding ARFI images displayed regions around the ablation site that displaced less
False discovery rates for rare variants from sequenced data

The detection of rare deleterious variants is the preeminent current technical challenge in statistical genetics. Sorting the deleterious from neutral variants at a disease locus is challenging because of the sparseness of the evidence for each individual variant. Hierarchical modeling and Bayesian model uncertainty are two techniques that have been shown to be promising in pinpointing individual rare variants that may be driving the association. Interpreting the results from these techniques from the perspective of multiple testing is a challenge and the goal of this article is to better understand their false discovery properties. Using simulations, we conclude that accurate false discovery control cannot be achieved in this framework unless the magnitude of the variants' risk is large and the hierarchical characteristics have high accuracy in distinguishing deleterious from neutral variants.
A graphical interpretation of Shannon's tradeoff of E/sub b//N/sub 0/ and bandwidth efficiency

The author presents a new graphical interpretation of Shannon's famous expression for the tradeoff of the signal to noise ratio E/sub b//N/sub 0/ and bandwidth efficiency C/W on a bandlimited Gaussian channel. It is shown that the minimum E/sub b//N/sub 0/ required to reach the Shannon ideal is the area under the curve t/sup alpha / between t=1 and t=2, where alpha =C/W-1. It is pointed out that this interpretation offers tutorial advantages over existing approaches. >
A response to Ali, Beckford, Bhatt, Modood and Woodhead.

It is an honour for me to respond to these interesting and diverse responses to my essay, ‘Sexual Politics, Torture, and Secular Time’. There are many strands to the paper, and my interlocutors appropriately point out where some of them might be further woven.They underscore as well some need for distinction and elaboration that strike me as very right or, indeed, ‘spot on’. I’d like to make use of this opportunity to think further about some of the more general issues raised by these responses to do with the appropriate framework for analyses of this kind. One question is whether the frameworks of pluralism, rights-based discourses, and multiculturalism can address the full range of issues introduced by the appropriation of a discourse on sexual freedom for the purposes of anti-immigrant politics; another pertains to the question of whether an alliance between sexual and religious minorities is possible. I would like to begin by citing Chetan Bhatt’s remark that ‘in sociology, cultural theory or cultural studies, many of us assume a field of truths . . . a (albeit contested) field of theoretical intelligibility for understanding or describing “Self”, “Other”, the subject, identity, culture’ (Bhatt 2008: 28). He remarks as well, ‘I am no longer sure these concepts necessarily have the expansive capacity to speak to the massive transformations of life-worlds outside Euro America, the rapid unscrambling and repackaging of what we call “identity” . . . ’ (Bhatt 2008: 29). If Bhatt is right, then how do we proceed within a framework of multiculturalism or human rights that seems to presume specific kinds of subjects who are characterized as belonging to certain kinds of cultural identities – ethnic, religious, gendered, sexual, etc. Can we, however, think about what recognition might be in such a way that seriously takes into account the challenge to notions of the subject and identity proposed by Chetan Bhatt? We might try to answer this question by considering two paths marked out in these responses. The first belongs to Tariq Modood, who seeks to extend a doctrine of recognition for thinking about the possibilities of ‘coalitional possibilities
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of oral pirmenol

The efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of pirmenol, a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent, were studied in patients with frequent symptomatic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Pirmenol was given every 12 hours to eight patients in a dose-ranging protocol, and median PVC suppression of 94% (range 72% to 100%) was achieved. The median effective pirmenol dose was 300 mg/day (range 200 to 500 mg/day), and mean (± SD) trough plasma pirmenol concentration at the effective dose was 0.98 ± 0.29 µg/ml. The mean half-life of elimination was 10.5 ± 2 hours. There was considerable overlap among patients with respect to plasma pirmenol concentration and times at which PVC frequency returned to 25%, 50%, and 75% of baseline during drug washout trials. Altering pirmenol's dose interval (while maintaining a constant daily dose) from 12 to 6 hours did not improve drug efficacy. Pirmenol was given to seven patients for long-term therapy (24 to 44 months). Median PVC suppression at 24 months was 70%. Pirmenol is safe and well tolerated, and it can be administered twice daily for PVC suppresssion. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1987) 42, 405–410; doi:10.1038/clpt.1987.170
Testing: Achievements and Frustrations

An overview of some of the current program validation techniques is given. Though a variety of such techniques exist, it is now commonly agreed that program testing is an essential part of the program development process. Two testing methodologies, functional and structural, are described and a case made for combining both methodologies. Finally, a system that aids in structural testing is described.
Modular evolution of the Cetacean vertebral column.

SUMMARY Modular theory predicts that hierarchical developmental processes generate hierarchical phenotypic units that are capable of independent modification. The vertebral column is an overtly modular structure, and its rapid phenotypic transformation in cetacean evolution provides a case study for modularity. Terrestrial mammals have five morphologically discrete vertebral series that are now known to be coincident with Hox gene expression patterns. Here, I present the hypothesis that in living Carnivora and Artiodactyla, and by inference in the terrestrial ancestors of whales, the series are themselves components of larger precaudal and caudal modular units. Column morphology in a series of fossil and living whales is used to predict the type and sequence of developmental changes responsible for modification of that ancestral pattern. Developmental innovations inferred include independent meristic additions to the precaudal column in basal archaeocetes and basilosaurids, stepwise homeotic reduction of the sacral series in protocetids, and dissociation of the caudal series into anterior tail and fluke subunits in basilosaurids. The most dramatic change was the novel association of lumbar and anterior caudal vertebrae in a module that crosses the precaudal/caudal boundary. This large unit is defined by shared patterns of vertebral morphology, count, and size in all living whales (Neoceti).
Pulmonary venous thrombosis and infarction complicating pulmonary venous stenosis following radiofrequency ablation.

Pulmonary vein stenosis is a recently described complication of radiofrequency ablation. We report a patient who experienced thrombosis of the lingular vein and pulmonary infarction resulting from mild single-vessel pulmonary vein stenosis. This report extends available experience with complications of radiofrequency ablation, by demonstrating pulmonary venous thrombosis as a complication of relatively minor (approximately 50% luminal narrowing) stenosis of a single pulmonary vein, despite the fact that the patient was taking an anticoagulant.
FastForward for efficient pipeline parallelism: a cache-optimized concurrent lock-free queue

Low overhead core-to-core communication is critical for efficient pipeline-parallel software applications. This paper presents FastForward, a cache-optimized single-producer/single-consumer concurrent lock-free queue for pipeline parallelism on multicore architectures, with weak to strongly ordered consistency models. Enqueue and dequeue times on a 2.66 GHz Opteron 2218 based system are as low as 28.5 ns, up to 5x faster than the next best solution. FastForward's effectiveness is demonstrated for real applications by applying it to line-rate soft network processing on Gigabit Ethernet with general purpose commodity hardware.
The optimal Fuzzy Weight Set for Building a Model of Fuzzy Integrated Jedgment

In the textile industry, cloth is made from many different brands of yarns, while yarns are made from various different kinds of cotton. Naturally, we want to achieve a full-fledged utilization of combining different brands of cotton to produce yarns with the best quality. Such a combination of different brands of cotton in the manufacturing process is called cotton allocation. In this regard, it is often encountered a problem of how to select a substitute (from the warehouse) for a brand of cotton in the cotton allocation that is currently in use but running out of the raw material. A model that uses Fuzzy Dynamic Integrated Judgment (FDIJ) provides a very useful tool in resolving this problem. In view of several factors in cotton allocations, the FDIJ is made for cotton selection according to the data feedback from previous production runs. In [4], we explained how the data feedback can be stored in a fuzzy dynamic relationship dictionary which generates a fuzzy dynamic relation to be used in the learning ability in the problem of cotton allocation. It should be noted that finding a fuzzy weight set in the FDIJ is an inverse operation of fuzzy integrated judgment. In applications, it requires an initial fuzzy weight set (or the so-call the original image) to make the whole process work.
Auden, Translation, Betrayal: Radical Poetics and Translation from Old English

This essay addresses the state of the translation of poetry from Anglo-Saxon and Old English in Anglo-Saxon and Old English studies. As an alternative to a conservative tendency in the state of translation from Old English the essay points to the usefulness of thinking about Old English poetry and its translation from the position of the more radical moments of 20th and 21st century poetics. Translation from Old English poetry tends to result in or follow the direction of dominant and conservative poetics. The essay first examines this conservative tendency as it can be made legible by relatively recent theoretical languages from translation theory with reference to deconstruction. The essay then turns to a philologically minded reading of W. H. Auden’s poem sometimes titled ‘The Secret Agent’ in its relation to the Old English poem called Wulf and Eadwacer as an example of a way to conceive of translating the medieval more broadly and radically. In the case of Auden’s poem, to employ or even to think a more radical poetics of translating Old English would demand a willingness to queerly compromise the bounds of the proper, to learn from and follow not only dominant and conservative poetics but also modern and contemporary avant-garde and experimental poetics. The essay outlines the possibility of translating the medieval as a betrayal of globally hegemonic modern English, allowing the medieval to infiltrate the present.
Novel Oxidations of (+)-Catechin by Horseradish Peroxidase and Laccase

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP; EC 1.11.1.7) catalyzed the H2O2-dependent oxidative coupling of (+)-catechin 1 to form three different biphenyl C−C dimers 2−4, whereas Rhus vernicifera laccase catalyz...
Instrumentation and distention media for the hysteroscopic treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding

New hysteroscopes and resectoscopes with continuous-flow designs have greatly facilitated diagnostic and therapeutic hysteroscopy. Saline is the ideal distending medium for hysteroscopic procedures in which mechanical or bipolar instruments are used; 5% mannitol may be the safest medium for resectoscopic surgery. Regardless of the medium chosen, careful fluid monitoring is essential.
Reaction mechanism of soot formation in flames

Chemical reactions and physical processes responsible for the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot in hydrocarbon flames are reviewed. The discussion is focused on major elements in the present understanding of the phenomena, clarification of concepts central to the present state of the art, and a summary of new results.
Circulating Platelet-Activating Factor Is Primarily Cleared by Transport, Not Intravascular Hydrolysis, by Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2/PAF Acetylhydrolase

Rationale:The phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulates all cells of the innate immune system and numerous cardiovascular cells. A single enzyme (plasma PAF acetylhydrolase [PAF-AH] or lipoprotein-associated phospholipase [Lp-PL]A2) in plasma hydrolyzes PAF, but significant controversy exists whether its action is pro- or antiinflammatory and accordingly whether its inhibition will slow cardiovascular disease. Objective:We sought to define how PAF and related short-chain oxidized phospholipids turnover in vivo and the role of PAF acetylhydrolase/Lp-PLA2 in this process. Methods and Results:[3H-acetyl]PAF was hydrolyzed by murine or human plasma (t1/2, 3 and 7 minutes, respectively), but injected [3H-acetyl]PAF disappeared from murine circulation more quickly (t1/2, <30 seconds). [3H]PAF clearance was unchanged in PAF receptor−/− animals, or over the first 2 half-lives in PAF-AH−/− animals. [3H]PAF turnover was reduced by coinjecting excess unlabeled PAF or an oxidatively truncated phospholi...
Towards anytime active learning: interrupting experts to reduce annotation costs

Many active learning methods use annotation cost or expert quality as part of their framework to select the best data for annotation. While these methods model expert quality, availability, or expertise, they have no direct influence on any of these elements. We present a novel framework built upon decision-theoretic active learning that allows the learner to directly control label quality by allocating a time budget to each annotation. We show that our method is able to improve performance efficiency of the active learner through an interruption mechanism trading off the induced error with the cost of annotation. Our simulation experiments on three document classification tasks show that some interruption is almost always better than none, but that the optimal interruption time varies by dataset.
On the Phylogenetic Relationships of Haemosporidian Parasites from Raptorial Birds (Falconiformes and Strigiformes)

Haemosporidian parasite diversity among raptorial birds (hawks and owls), as estimated by DNA sequencing, is proving to be greater than previously anticipated from taxonomic assessments based on parasite morphology. Here, we place raptor parasites in a phylogenetic context, including new parasite cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences from North America and Europe and from a variety of host species not previously sampled. Mitochondrial DNA sequences reveal raptor-specific parasite clades within Parahaemoproteus, but not within Plasmodium. We also recovered a strikingly divergent clade of raptor parasites that aligns with neither genus, but groups with both as a sister clade to Leucocytozoon. Different cyt b primer sets recovered additional sequences from 3 of these samples, which grouped with Parahaemoproteus in 2 cases and with Plasmodium in 1 case. Possible explanations (after excluding contamination) include multiple infections, alternative cyt b copies within the mitochondrial genome, and nuclear copies of mitochondrial genes. We believe the latter 2 explanations are unlikely because these divergent cyt b lineages form a single clade and were also recovered with several additional genomic markers.
A Chick Embryo in-Vitro Model of Knee Morphogenesis.

Background: In this feasibility study, a mechanically loaded in-vitro tissue culture model of joint morphogenesis using the isolated lower extremity of the 8 day old chick embryo was developed to assess the effects of mechanical loading on joint morphogenesis. Methods: The developed in-vitro system allows controlled flexion and extension of the chick embryonic knee with a range of motion of 20 degrees from a resting position of 90-100 degrees of flexion. Joint morphogenesis at 2, 3, 4 and 7 days of culture was assessed by histology and micro MRI in 4 specimen types: undisturbed in-ovo control embryos, in-ovo paralyzed embryos, in-vitro unloaded limb cultures, and in-vitro loaded limb cultures. Relative glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration across the joint was assessed with an MRI technique referred to as dGEMRIC (delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage) where T1 is proportional to glycosaminoglycan concentration. Results: Average T1 over the entire tissue image for the normal control (IC) knee was 480 msec; for the 4 day loaded specimen average T1 was 354 msec; and for the 7 day loaded specimens T1 was 393 msec. The 4 day unloaded specimen had an average T1 of 279 msec while the 7 day unloaded specimen had an average T1 of 224 msec. The higher T1 values in loaded than unloaded specimens suggest that more glycosaminoglycan is produced in the loaded culture than in the unloaded preparation. Conclusion: Isolated limb tissue cultures under flexion-extension load can be viable and exhibit more progression of joint differentiation and glycosaminoglycan production than similarly cultured but unloaded specimens. However, when compared with controls consisting of intact undisturbed embryos in-ovo , the isolated loaded limbs in culture do not demonstrate equivalent amounts of absolute growth or joint differentiation.
Review: Edward Durell Stone: Modernism’s Populist Architect by Mary Anne Hunting

Mary Anne Hunting Edward Durell Stone: Modernism’s Populist Architect New York: W. W. Norton, 2012, 176 pp., 200 b/w illus. $55 (cloth), ISBN 9780393733013 Although Edward Durell Stone’s work is highly visible, he remains relatively unknown to both general and architectural audiences. Mary Anne Hunting’s Edward Durell Stone: Modernism’s Populist Architect is an attempt fill that gap. To start, she reminds us that this lack of recognition was not always the case. During his career he was very well known as the designer of the original Museum of Modern Art building, the “lollipop” building on Columbus Circle, both in New York City, and the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. Along with Eero Saarinen, Paul Rudolph, Philip Johnson, and Minoru Yamasaki, he was considered to be part of the much-maligned “ballet school” of architecture, whose members challenged modernist orthodoxy by championing expressive and ornamented forms.1 His late work, such as the American Embassy in India, incorporated highly patterned ornamental screens, a motif that was much copied. In Hunting’s chronological narrative we also learn that Stone’s career was fueled by personal connections and media exposure. He grew up well-to-do in Fayetteville, Arkansas. He was a lifelong friend of J. William Fulbright, who, as a US senator, helped Stone secure a number of key government commissions. By all accounts, he was an affable and gifted colleague, “able to ‘draw anything except a sober breath,’ ” that is, until he quit drinking in the late 1950s. As a twenty-year-old he moved to Boston, where his brother was a practicing architect. His drawing ability landed him a job at Coolidge, Shepley, Bulfinch and Abbott, where Henry Richardson Shepley took him under his wing. In Boston he attended—but did not graduate from—Harvard and MIT, where he received a Beaux-Arts education. In both places he was a nonmatriculated special student. (As he admitted himself, he was never much of an academic.) It was Shepley who aided his admission to Harvard, and …
A new vertical seismograph

The vertica1 seismograph herein described makes use of a mechanical system of short period in combination with an electro-mechanical transducer of high sensitivity coupled to a recording galvanometer. In the Galitzin seismograph the transducer consists of a coil which moves in a magnetic field in such a manner as to generate electromotive force proportional to the velocity of the inertia reactor. The present transducer embodies a modification of the common telephone receiver principle and is also of the velocity type.
Early effects of partial sensory denervation of the hip for relief of pain in chronic arthritis.

Partial denervation of the hip has been performed for the relief of pain in various types of chronic arthritis of the hip. This operation consists of an intrapelvic obturator neurotomy and section of the nerve to the quadratus femoris. It is relatively easy to perform and produces no constitutional reaction, so that it. is applicable to a large group of patients. Of forty-two patients with painful arthritis of the hip who were thus treated, satisfactory relief from pain was obtained in twenty-eight. The longest postoperative observation period was twenty months. When obturator neurotomy alone was used for the relief pain, it was found that the intrapelvic approach was more effective than the extrapelvic operation. Eleven of the fourteen failures in this series were treated by extrapelvic obturator-nerve section. Lack of consistently satisfactory results may be attributed to anatomical variations in the sensory nerve supply to the hip.
Cellular signaling in developmental chondrogenesis: N-cadherin, Wnts, and BMP-2.

Cartilage formation in the developing vertebrate embryonic limb consists of a highly coordinated and orchestrated series of events involving the commitment, condensation, and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells and the production of the cartilaginous matrix 1. Endochondral ossification ensues upon maturation and hypertrophy of the cartilage, resulting in the formation of the osseous elements of the limb. The recapitulation of this sequence of events during skeletal wound-healing and fracture-healing in postnatal life underscores the importance of understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are responsible for initiating and regulating the early steps of cartilage development. Embryonic cartilage development has been shown to be under the regulation of a number of biological factors, including members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), and the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins as well as cell adhesion proteins (e.g., neural cadherin [N-cadherin] and neural cell adhesion molecule [N-CAM]) and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules (e.g., fibronectin, proteoglycans, and various collagen types)1. This paper briefly reviews our recent studies on the mechanisms responsible for mesenchymal condensation and chondrogenic differentiation, and the role of Wnt members, as related to N-cadherin-mediated functions and the action of BMP-2, in the regulation of these processes. The Wnts are a large family of cysteine-rich glycoproteins that have been shown to perform a wide variety of inductive and regulatory functions in both normal development and oncogenic transformations1-3. The expression of various Wnts has been identified in the developing limb bud 4,5, and it has been shown that some Wnts may act in a chondro-inhibitory fashion when introduced during limb development 6-8. Our recent studies have shown that the dual consequences of Wnt signaling on cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and/or gene expression through β-catenin provide at …
Assessment of cation substitutions along the gallium and fluorine analogue of the tremolite-glaucophane join

Assessment of the glaucophane substitution, [ M 4 ] Ca + [ V I ] Mg ↔ [ M 4 ] Na + [ V I ] Al, along the Ga and F analogue of the tremolite-glaucophane join, □Ca 2 Mg 5 Si 8 O 2 2 F 2 -□Na 2 Mg 3 Ga 2 Si 8 O 2 2 F 2 (= F-Ga-glauc), was conducted at 900 °C and 1.5 GPa in 10 mol% increments. Several chemical exchanges deviating from the glaucophane substitution were identified, namely the "edenite" substitution [ A ] □ + [ I V ] Si↔ [ A ] Na + [ I V ] Ga toward F-Ga-nyboite, the [ A ] □ + [ M 4 ] Na + [ V I ] Ga + [ V I ] Si ↔ [ A ] Na + [ M 4 ] Mg + [ V I ] Mg + [ I V ] Ga exchange toward F-Ga-Na-magnesiokatophorite, and the [ A ] □ + [ V I ] Ga ↔ [ A ] Na + [ V I ] Mg exchange toward F-Ga-eckermannite. Minor displacements from the join due to the [ M 4 ] Na + [ V I ] Ga ↔ [ M 4 ] Mg + [ V I ] Mg exchange toward "cummingtonite" and the richterite exchange [ A ] □ + [ M 4 ] Ca ↔ [ A ] Na + [ M 4 ] Na were also observed. Amphibole syntheses with low F-Ga-glauc contents (≤60 mol%) were primarily influenced by the "edenite" exchange, while those with high F-Ga-glauc contents (=70 mol%) were dominated by the "glaucophane" substitution. Powder X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinements were obtained without restrictions for the amphiboles formed in the range 0-40 mol% F-Ga-glauc. Refinements for samples in the ranges of 50-70 and 100 mol% F-Ga-glauc were possible only after applying some restrictions to the A- and M4-site occupancies because of the appearance of a layered silicate and an unidentified Ga-rich phase that complicated the refinement. The successful refinements indicated that amphibole exhibits [ V I ] Ga ordering at the M2 site and [ I V ] Ga ordering at T1. The refinements also show a transition in A-site occupancy from A2 to Am with increasing F-Ga-glauc content. The inability to synthesize stoichiometric glaucophane and the types of chemical deviations that are observed in this analogue system are virtually identical to what has been observed in previous studies. Extrapolation of the results from this and previous studies suggests that ideal glaucophane would be obtained at approximately 3.85 GPa and 585 °C.