cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Melittin interactions with adenylate cyclase

Abstract Melittin, a basic polypeptide from bee venom, inhibits basal and thyrotropin-stimulated adenylate cyclase of beef thyroid membranes with a Ki ≈ 10 μM. Although this property resides in the basicC-terminal and not the N-terminal portion of the molecule, inhibition is due primarily to its detergent-like nature rather than the charge effects. There is also a small enhancing effect of both basal and thyrotropin-stimulated adenylate cyclase of 0.3–3 μM melittin.
Pathogenicity and specificity of Neozygites tanajoae and Neozygites floridana (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) isolates pathogenic to the cassava green mite

The cassava green mite (CGM), Mononychellus tanajoa, a native of South America was accidentally introduced into Africa where it causes serious crop losses. The possibility of introducing classical biological agents from the native home of CGM into Africa was investigated. Thus, we conducted a series of laboratory assays of the native fungal pathogens, Neozygites tanajoae from Brazil and Neozygites floridana from Colombia and Brazil, and compared them with N. tanajoae isolates from Benin. Infectivity of both fungal species, was assayed against the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and against the red mite, Oligonychus gossypii. Pathogenicity against CGM and host range studies were conducted by transferring adult females of each mite species to leaf discs containing sporulated cadavers with a halo of conidia of each fungal isolate. All isolates caused some degree of infectivity to CGM. None of the isolates of N. floridana and N. tanajoae tested were pathogenic to O. gossypii, and only two isolates infected T. urticae. Most isolates from Brazil were highly virulent and infected only CGM. Sixteen N. tanajoae isolates caused more than 89% mortality and more than 62% of the CGM became mummified. A mummified CGM is characteristically a swollen, brown fungus-killed mite that has great potential to produce conidia. However, high mortality was not always associated with high mummification. The median mummification time ranged from 4.4 to 6.7 days. Five Brazilian isolates caused >75% mummification with a median mummification time <5 days. Isolates that cause high mummification in a short period of time would be more likely to cause epizootics and to establish in the new environment. Therefore, these isolates would be the best candidates for introduction to Africa.
Smooth interpolation over hypercubes

Abstract Multivariate interpolation problems, which occur often in scientific research, can sometimes be approached using Coons' patches. Coons' patches are smooth, local interpolants to lower dimensional data sets. (For example, they interpolate curves of data when considering 3-dimensional problems.) However, they do not interpolate as desired unless all the mixed partial derivatives, the ‘twists’, are equal. The twists are not equal in many cases of practical importance, such as for wire frame data. Gregory (1983) has developed a compatibly corrected Coons' patch for 3-dimensional surfaces. We generalize this interpolant, ‘Gregory's square’, to the case of functions of n variables. The interpolant we propose is built up inductively from one to n -dimensions, requiring, at each step, only one additional term to be defined. This is the key to the whole process and involves the definition of a general ‘twist operator’.
Rejection of the lake spillover model for initial incision of the Grand Canyon, and discussion of alternatives

One hypothesis for the origin of the Grand Canyon is that a broad Hopi Lake, of which lakebeds of the Miocene Bidahochi Formation are a vestigial record, ponded to a depth great enough near the Miocene-Pliocene time boundary to spill over the topographic barrier of the Kaibab-Coconino Plateau to initiate incision of the Grand Canyon below the lake outlet. Bidahochi paleogeography indicates that Hopi Lake was a playa system that never achieved appreciable depth. Topographic relations in northern Arizona show that the maximum elevation of Bidahochi lakebeds is not compatible with lake spillover through the Grand Canyon unless post-Bidahochi deformation or pre-Bidahochi canyon-cutting altered the landscape in ways unsupported by geologic evidence, or the surface of Hopi Lake rose transiently to elevations unrecorded by any sediment. The implications of erosional episodes affecting the Colorado Plateau, the timing of drainage reversal across the central Colorado Plateau, the spatial pattern of the Colorado River drainage system, and the analogous configurations of multiple river canyons cut into Precambrian basement within the river basin also challenge the Hopi Lake spillover model. A viable alternate scenario for incision of the Grand Canyon is the concept of an ancestral Miocene Colorado River that transited the Kaibab uplift on the site of the eastern Grand Canyon, but exited the Colorado Plateau into an ancestral Virgin River drainage before capture near the site of the present central Grand Canyon by a stream working headward through the western Grand Canyon from the Grand Wash Cliffs.
A GRAPH BASED DAVIDSON ALGORITHM FOR THE GRAPH PARTITIONING PROBLEM

The problem of partitioning a graph such that the number of edges incident to vertices in different partitions is minimized, arises in many contexts. Some examples include its recursive application for minimizing fill-in in matrix factorizations and load-balancing for parallel algorithms. Spectral graph partitioning algorithms partition a graph using the eigenvector associated with the second smallest eigenvalue of a matrix called the graph Laplacian. The focus of this paper is the use graph theory to compute this eigenvector more quickly.
IT alignment strategies for customer relationship management

Customer relationship management (CRM) is the overall process of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. A CRM strategy involves the entire enterprise and is employed on an ongoing basis. Despite the fact that CRM projects incur huge expenditures, a large percentage fails to achieve the stated objectives. Failure in CRM initiatives could be avoided if a firm's CRM strategies are intelligently linked with its employees, customers, channels, and IT infrastructure. In this paper, we focus on those linkages, particularly on the linkages between an organization's CRM strategies and its IT infrastructure. Even though the relationships between IT and business strategies have been extensively explored in the IT alignment literature, prior research has not addressed how a firm's CRM strategies are aligned with its IT infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate the issues relating to CRM-IT alignment based on an in-depth case study of a large, well-known Internet travel agency.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MALE OF DUNHEVEDIA SERRATA DADAY, 1898 (CLADOCERA, CHYDORIDAE), A PANTROPICAL SPECIES

Le mâle de Dunhevedia serrata Daday, 1898 est decrit et compare a celui de Dunhevedia crassa.
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal neuropeptides: differential effects of D1 and D2 receptor stimulation on somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, dynorphin and enkephalin.

Abstract Dopaminergic modulation of neuropeptides in rat striatum was investigated by examining the effects of prolonged D1 or D2 receptor stimulation on levels of somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, dynorphin and enkephalin. Rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway were treated for 7 days with either the D1 agonist SKF 38393 (12.5 mg/kg/day) or the D2 agonist quinpirole (1 mg/kg/day). Two regimens of agonist treatment were compared: continuous infusion via osmotic pump implanted i.p. and intermittent (once daily) i.p. injection. Rats were sacrificed 3 h after the last injection and peptide levels measured in the striatum bilaterally by radioimmunoassay; alterations in peptide content were observed primarily in the denervated striatum. In comparison to values from lesioned, vehicle-treated controls, intermittent administration of SKF 38393 reduced somatostatin Y (down 61% and 57%, respectively), increased neurotensin (up 105%) and dynorphin (up 184%) and had no effect on enkephalin; continuous SKF 38393 decreased neuropeptide Y by 39% but did not alter levels of the other peptides. Continuous quinpirole elevated somatostatin and neuropeptide Y levels (up 43% and 33%, respectively), but reduced the lesion-induced increases in both neurotensin (down 51%) and enkephalin (down 24%) content. Conversely, intermittent quinpirole decreased somatostatin (down 35%) and neuropeptide Y (down 27%), increased neurotensin content by 79% and had no effect on enkephalin. Dynorphin levels were not altered by either continuous or intermittent quinpirole. These findings reveal the complexity of dopaminergic influences on striatal neuropeptides. Somastostatin, neuropeptide Y and neurotensin levels are modulated by both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors: somatostatin and neuropeptide Y show parallel changes, but the alterations in neurotensin are opposite in direction to those of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y. Striatal dynorphin content is influenced only by D1 receptor stimulation, while enkephalin is modulated only by D2 receptors. The data also demonstrate that striatal neuropeptides are profoundly influenced by the temporal characteristics of dopamine receptor stimulation.
Neutral-beam energy and power requirements for expanding-radius and full-bore start-up of tokamak reactors

Neutral-beam power arid energy requirements are compared for full-density, full-bore and expanding-radius start-up scenarios in an elongated plasma, The Next Step (TNS), as a function of beam pulse time and plasma density. Because of the similarity of parameters, the results should also be applicable to Engineering Test Facility (ETF) and International Tokamak Reactor (INTOR) studies. A transport model consisting of neoclassical ion conduction and anomalous electron conduction and diffusion based on 'ALCATOR scaling' leads to average densities in the range n ~ 0.8–1.2 × 1014 cm−3 being sufficient for ignition. Neutral-deuterium-beam energies in the range 120–150 keV are adequate for penetration, with the required power injected into the plasma decreasing with increasing beam energy. The neutral-beam power decreases strongly with increasing beam pulse length tb until tb exceeds a few total energy confinement times, yielding tb ~ 4–6 s for the TNS plasma. In addition to avoiding skin current effects and possibly allowing for a more impurity-free plasma initiation, the expanding-radius scenario has slightly reduced beam energy and/or power requirements. When the expanding-radius scenario is extended to even larger power reactors, a neutral-deuterium-beam energy of 150 keV remains sufficient for penetration.
Behavior of Nuclei of Testicular, Caput and Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa Injected into Hamster Eggs

The behavior of isolated nuclei of testicular and cauda and caput epididymal spermatozoa of the hamster injected into mature unfertilized hamster eggs was studied. Decondensation of nuclei within the egg cytoplasm was observed regardless of the type of spermatozoa used and whether the eggs were activated or not. In activated eggs the decondensed nuclei of testicular and cauda but not caput epididymal spermatozoa transformed into pronuclei. This failure of caput epididymal spermatozoa nuclei to transform into pronuclei may be due to a factor in the nuclei which prevents such a transformation. It is possible that this factor may be inactive or absent in the nuclei of testicular spermatozoa or may be inactivated by another factor while spermatozoa are present in the cauda epididymis.
Skills, Rules and Knowledge: A Discussion of Rasmussen's Classification:

In this paper a discussion is presented of the antecedents, the emergence, and the impact of Rasmussen's skill, rule, and knowledge based behavior classification. While level-based behavioral taxon...
Lazy scheduling of processing and transmission tasks in collaborative systems

A collaborative system must perform both processing and transmission tasks. We present a policy for scheduling these tasks on a single core that is inspired by studies of human perception and the real-time systems field. It lazily delays the execution of the processing task if the delay cannot be noticed by humans. We use simulations and formal analysis to compare this policy with previous scheduling policies. We show that the policy trades-off an unnoticeable degradation in performance of some users for a much larger noticeable improvement in performance of others.
Reexamination of Ohm's law and a relation to generalized analytic functions

In 1876 Rayleigh found a neat theorem relating electrical conductances of a quadrilateral shaped plate having unit conductivity. He showed that the conductance between one pair of opposite edges is the reciprocal of the conductance between the other pair of opposite edges. (This is obvious for a rectangular plate.) Let u be the electrical potential function in the first situation and let v be the potential function in the second situation. Then a proof of the theorem can be given by taking u and v to be conjugate harmonic functions. The first goal of this note is to show that Rayleigh's reciprocal theorem can be generalized to hold for plates which are neither isotropic nor homogeneous. In other words the conductivity can be a tensor rather than a scalar. Moreover, the two by two conductivity tensor can vary arbitrarily from point to point of the plate. Possibly the most interesting case of this new generalization results when the conductivity tensor is required to be symmetric and have unit determinant at all points. Then it results that the complex potential functions of the form f = u + iv share many of the properties of classical analytic functions. For example: the sum, product, and quotient of complex potential functions all satisfy the same generalized Cauchy-Riemann system.
The real exchange rate

Abstract This essay concerns the real value of the $U.S. relative to the G-10. (i) What are the dynamics of the fundamental determinants of the real exchange rate and its steady state value? (ii) To what extent are the observed movements in the exchange rate from 1973 to 1988 due to the fundamentals? (iii) How integrated are international capital markets? (iv) How does the real exchange rate respond to (a) changes in the cyclically adjusted government budget deficit, and to (b) changes in the marginal efficiency of investment?
Proteomic Analysis of Ubiquitin-Like Posttranslational Modifications Induced by the Adenovirus E4-ORF3 Protein

Viruses interact with and regulate many host metabolic pathways in order to advance the viral life cycle and counteract intrinsic and extrinsic antiviral responses. The human adenovirus (Ad) early protein E4-ORF3 forms a unique scaffold throughout the nuclei of infected cells and inhibits multiple antiviral defenses, including a DNA damage response (DDR) and an interferon response. We previously reported that the Ad5 E4-ORF3 protein induces sumoylation of Mre11 and Nbs1, which are essential for the DDR, and their relocalization into E4-ORF3-induced nuclear inclusions is required for this modification to occur. In this study, we sought to analyze a global change in ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifications, with particular focus on SUMO3, by the Ad5 E4-ORF3 protein and to identify new substrates with these modifications. By a comparative proteome-wide approach utilizing immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry, we found that Ubl modifications of 166 statistically significant lysine sites in 51 proteins are affected by E4-ORF3, and the proteome of modifications spans a diverse range of cellular functions. Ubl modifications of 92% of these identified sites were increased by E4-ORF3. We further analyzed SUMO3 conjugation of several identified proteins. Our findings demonstrated a role for the Ad5 E4-ORF3 protein as a regulator of Ubl modifications and revealed new SUMO3 substrates induced by E4-ORF3. IMPORTANCE The adenovirus E4-ORF3 protein induces dynamic structural changes in the nuclei of infected cells and counteracts host antiviral responses. One of the mechanisms that accounts for this process is the relocalization and sequestration of cellular proteins into an E4-ORF3 nuclear scaffold, but little is known about how this small viral protein affects diverse cellular responses. In this study, we analyzed for the first time the global pattern of ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifications, with particular focus on SUMO3, altered by E4-ORF3 expression. The results suggest a role for the Ad5 E4-ORF3 protein as a regulator of Ubl modifications and reveal new SUMO3 substrates targeted by E4-ORF3. Our findings propose Ubl modifications as a new mechanism by which E4-ORF3 may modulate cellular protein functions in addition to subnuclear relocalization.
The Implications of the Working Memory Model for the Evolution of Modern Cognition

What distinguishes the cognition of biologically modern humans from that of more archaic populations such as Neandertals? The norm in paleoanthropology has been to emphasize the role of language and symbolism. But the modern mind is more than just an archaic mind enhanced by symbol use. It also possesses an important problem solving and planning component. In cognitive neuroscience these advanced planning abilities have been extensively investigated through a formal model known as working memory. The working memory model is now well-enough established to provide a powerful lens through which paleoanthropologists can view the fossil and archaeological records. The challenge is methodological. The following essay reviews the controversial hypothesis that a recent enhancement of working memory capacity was the final piece in the evolution of modern cognition.
A study of complex discordance in zircons using step-wise dissolution techniques

Step-wise dissolution techniques applied to a variety of zircon samples, including those with combined inheritance plus later isotopic disturbance, reveal both the complexity of zircon isotopic systematics, and successfully “see through” this complexity to extract high-quality age information. The chemical procedures for the partial dissolution steps must be designed to extract completely all the U and Pb associated with the zircon digested in each step, in order to avoid large, laboratory-induced fluctuations in U/Pb ratio from step to step. In general, relatively short initial partial dissolution steps remove disturbed zircon domains characterized by very high U concentrations and low 206Pb/238U ages. In some cases the initial step yields the lowest 206Pb/238U age, reflecting both the high accessibility and solubility of the most disturbed domains. In other cases, disturbed domains evidently reside deep within the zircons, and are attacked only when the second or third steps penetrate to the interior via cracks or flaws to “mine out” these domains. In all the samples in this study, and regardless of the details of the steps, about a week of digestion time at 80°C removed most of the highly disturbed domains, leaving further partial dissolution steps and/or the total digestion of the final residue to sample highly refractory (i.e., highly insoluble), relatively low U zircon domains. The early partial digestion steps also remove virtually all the common Pb associated with the zircons. Study of partially digested zircons by scanning electron microscope reveals that at least in part, the disturbed, high-U, highly soluble domains and the less (un-?) disturbed, low-U, highly refractory domains are defined by primary igneous zoning on a micron or even sub-micron scale, well below the resolution of the “SHRIMP”, for example. In the case of zircons lacking any inheritance, the residue analyses yield near-concordant, highly precise results. In the case of zircons with inherited components, the residue analyses appear to plot on “primary” discordia lines. Depending on the relative solubility of the inherited versus the igneous component, the final residue will concentrate one or the other.
An experimentalist's approach to accurate localization of phase singularities during reentry.

A phase variable that uniquely represents the time course of the action potential has been used to study the mechanisms of cardiac fibrillation. A spatial phase singularity (PS) occurs during reentrant wave propagation and represents the organizing center of the rotating wave. Here, we present an error analysis to investigate how well PSs can be localized. Computer simulations of rotating spiral waves scaled appropriately for cardiac tissue were studied with various levels of noise added. The accuracy in identifying and localizing singularities depended on three factors: (i) the point chosen as the origin in state space used to calculate the phase variable; (ii) signal to noise ratio; and (iii) discretization (number of levels used to represent data). We found that for both simulation as well as experimental data, there existed a wide range for the choice of origin for which PSs could be identified. Discretization coupled with noise affected this range adversely. However, there always existed a range for choice of the origin that was 20% or more of the action potential amplitude within which the accuracy of localizing PSs was better than 2 mm. Thus, a precise determination of origin was not necessary for accurately identifying PSs. © 2001 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC01: 8719Nn, 8710+e, 8719Hh
Design and Operation of Offshore Gravity and Displacement Terminals

Offshore gathering, storage processing and transfer to transport are integral requirements for effective ocean exploitation. Recent developments of prefabricated gravity, displacement and tension-leg platforms caissons and other type of port facilities offer many alternative approaches to the provision of these requirements. The design and operating characteristics of both steel and concrete terminals are evaluated and alternative approaches to configuration, layout, support, positioning and retention are reviewed. The characteristics of alternative terminals are discussed and a method which permits design and operating characteristics to be optimized under given environmental conditions and service requirements is proposed.
Effects of age, estrogen depletion, and parathyroid hormone treatment on vertebral cancellous wall width in female rats

The main goal of this study was to determine whether vertebral cancellous wall width changes with age and parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham surgery or ovariectomy at 3 months of age. One month after surgery, ovariectomized (ovx) rats were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) 5 days/week for 6 weeks with vehicle or human parathyroid hormone [hPTH (1-34)] at a dose of 80 μg/kg body weight. Sham-operated control rats were injected s.c. with vehicle alone. All rats from this first study were 5.5 months of age at the time of killing. In the second study, control and ovx rats were subjected to the same treatments for a 10-week period beginning at one year after surgery. These animals were 17.5 months of age at the end of the study. The first lumbar vertebra was collected from each rat and processed undecalcified for measurements of cancellous wall width. At 5.5 months of age, control and ovx rats had nearly identical mean values for vertebral cancellous wall width, but this remodeling variable was significantly increased in PTH-treated ovx rats. At 17.5 months of age, wall width in control and ovx rats decreased significantly compared with wall width in the younger rats. PTH treatment of aged ovx rats induced a significant increase in vertebral cancellous wall width when compared with vehicle treatment of aged ovx rats. These results, which are consistent with findings in humans, indicate that vertebral cancellous wall width decreases with age in intact female rats and in ovx rats, but increases in ovx rats in response to PTH treatment. Furthermore, the results add to the growing body of evidence that substantial cancellous bone remodeling occurs in the vertebral bodies of rats.
Imaging the crystallization and growth of oxide domains on the NiAl(110) surface

Abstract Using low-energy electron microscopy to selectively image different surface phases, we have examined how the NiAl(1 1 0) surface undergoes oxidation. The clean surface was exposed to either a high or a low O 2 dose at 325°C and then imaged at progressively higher temperatures. While the high-dose procedure does produce a relatively uniform film, oxide-free regions (pinholes) develop when the initially amorphous oxide crystallizes. This oxide film consists of one type of alumina that has two orientational domains, consistent with previous literature reports. Selective imaging of the domains just after crystallization shows that nuclei of both domains are present at high density. With time and temperature, the domains coarsen greatly, as do the oxide-free regions (pinholes). For a low O 2 dose, the substrate is only partially covered by oxide after annealing. Furthermore, the oxide is a mixture of two distinct types of oxide. That is, in addition to the same oxide type as produced at high dose, a different oxide type is also present. Like the high-dose oxide type, the new (low-dose) oxide type is also crystalline and has well-defined crystallographic relationships with respect to the substrate.
Measurement of Hydrogen Velocity Distributions in the Extended Solar Corona

H I Lyα spectral line profiles have been measured in polar regions of the solar corona at projected heliocentric heights of 1.8-3.5 R☉. Observations were made with the Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer on the Spartan 201 satellite from 16:52 to 04:04 UT on 1993 April 11-12 (south pole) and from 12:28 to 22:09 UT on 1993 April 12 (north pole). In general, the coronal profiles cannot be accurately curve-fitted with a single-Gaussian function. The fits with two Gaussians yield most probable velocities of 158 and 322 km s-1 (south) and 98 and 266 km s-1 (north). These parameters vary by less than 10% (1 σ) over the observed heights. The observations are consistent with a line-of-sight model that attributes the narrow component to background streamers and to sites within polar coronal holes or a surrounding diffuse corona, and the broad component to the polar coronal holes and/or plumes. This interpretation suggests that there are regions within the observed coronal holes that have hydrogen and proton kinetic temperatures of (4-6) × 106 K, which is 4-10 times higher than the expected electron temperatures at the same heights. However, other models with, for example, local non-Maxwellian velocity distributions are also consistent with the observations.
Grain boundary sliding and deformation mechanism maps

The influence of grain boundary sliding (GBS) on the nature of deformation maps for aluminum and nickel is considered. Phenomenological equations for GBS (which can lead to fine-structure superplastic flow) are used to illustrate how they modify the two types of deformation mechanism maps now used (Ashby-Frost and Langdon-Mohamed maps). Specifically the map of Ashby is re-examined for the modulus-compensated stress versus homologous temperature at constant grain size for the case of pure nickel. Also, the Langdon-Mohamed map is re-examined for normalized grain size versus reciprocal of the homologous temperature at a high constant normalized stress for the case of pure aluminum. It is shown that large portions of such deformation maps are dominated by GBS.
Changes in body weight and waist circumference affect incident hypercholesterolemia during 7 years of follow-up.

Objective To assess whether changes in total and regional adiposity affect the odds for becoming hypercholesterolemic.
Stereotypic behavioral responses to free-base cocaine and the development of behavioral sensitization in Drosophila

Cocaine abuse is a large social and economic problem that has received much public and scientific attention in recent years. Rodent and primate models have been used to study the behavioral and neurological effects of cocaine. Repeated intermittent doses of cocaine lead to progressive increases in both locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviors known as 'reverse tolerance' or behavioral sensitization, which may model the behavioral and neurochemical processes occurring in cocaine-addicted humans [1]. The biological basis of sensitization is poorly understood. We report that free-base cocaine administered in volatile form to the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster induces multiple reflexive motor responses that resemble cocaine-induced behaviors in rodents. These behaviors are both dose dependent and sexually dimorphic. Furthermore, Drosophila develops a behavioral sensitization to intermittent doses of cocaine. These results suggest that the pathways leading to cocaine-induced responses and sensitization are evolutionarily conserved between Drosophila and higher vertebrates, and that this genetically tractable animal can be used as a new model system to help determine the biological mechanisms underlying these processes.
Impact of helmet-mounted display visor spectral characteristics on visual performance

Visors are an important component in modern helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). In addition to their more conventional use as eye protection, they can be used as the final element in the optical system that relays visual information to the observer. To enhance their usefulness as the final optical element (as a beam splitter or image combiner), visors are sometimes coated to increase their reflectivity and improve the efficiency of the optics. However, pilots often object to the addition of reflective patches, indicating, among other reasons, that they decrease observed target contrast and, therefore, decrease target detection range. This paper will examine the impact of the additional reflective coating on visual performance through a helmet-mounted display visor. It will propose design parameters based on the spectral nature of the coating that might make it more useful to both the HMD designer and to the HMD wearer. Finally, this paper will examine visual phenomena that may affect visual performance through a coated visor.
Hematological and virological studies of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer.

The pathogenesis of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (EHD) was studied in suckling white mice and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) using these approaches: (1) measurement of hematological values, (2) assay of virus in various organs, and (3) detection of viral antigen within tissues using the direct fluorescent antibody technique. An increase in bleeding time was the only hematological change observed in mice. The virus content of the brains of infected mice increased rapidly during the early days of infection but little virus was found in other organs. Fluorescing viral antigen was detected only in the brains of acutely ill mice. Infected deer had an increase in total erythrocyte counts as well as corresponding changes in erythrocyte-associated values. Although the percentage of neutrophils in the blood increased during infection, total leukocyte counts remained unchanged. Virus was isolated during the clinical illness from 13 of 16 organs tested. No viral antigen was demonstrated in any t...
Grain orientation dependence of reactivity in polycrystalline titanium after anodic polarization

Selected area electron channeling patterns were obtained from individual grains down to 10 μm size in polycrystalline titanium after different anodic polarization treatments in 1N H2SO4. The crystallographic orientations of the more resistant and less resistant grains were determined and correlated with their relative reactivity. The results were in agreement with previously reported single crystal studies on titanium.
Environment of confidence: Daily newspaper use of press releases

Abstract This study tracks the placement in the daily newspapers of the press releases produced by the public information office of a major state agency. The office's efforts resulted in a significantly higher placement rate than that revealed in previous research, indicating that the staff had created an environment of confidence around its relationship with the media. Among the factors associated with successful placement were the timeliness of the material, targeted distribution of releases and wire service pick-up.
Elasticity of air travel demand with respect to airport access cost

Abstract This paper sets forth the hypothesis that air travel demand is elastic with respect to airport access costs and that the distance of an airport from the city it serves has an impact on the volume of passanger traffic at the airport. As a test case, Houston's traffic with 50 city pairs is analyzed before the closing of Hobby Airport (12 miles from downtown Houston) and after the opening of the new Houston Intercontinental Airport (23 miles from downtown). It was found that short-haul traffic (under 300 miles) fell dramatically when passengers had to travel the longer distance to the new airport. Total trip cost (in 1968 constant dollars) is calculated for each pair, and the traffic loss for each city pair is estimated. From these figures, a range of elasticities is obtained. Applications for future airport planning are also discussed.
Spontaneous Resolution of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women and Protection from Reinfection

The natural history of chlamydia is variable and may include persisting asymptomatic infection, complications, or spontaneous resolution before treatment. Reinfection is common. We evaluated whether spontaneous resolution was associated with decreased reinfection in women returning for treatment of a positive chlamydia screening test. At enrollment, participants were tested for chlamydia, treated with azithromycin, and scheduled for a 6-month follow-up visit for repeat testing. Two hundred participants returned 1 to 12 months after treatment. Spontaneous resolution at enrollment was demonstrated in 44 (22.0%). Reinfection at follow-up occurred in 33 (16.5%), being more frequent in those with persisting infection at enrollment versus spontaneous resolution (31 of 156 [19.9%] vs 2 of 44 [4.5%]; P = .016). Adjusting for age, the odds of reinfection was 4 times higher for participants with persisting infection at enrollment (odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-25.6; P = .034). Chlamydia treatment may attenuate protective immunity in some patients.
The Inchworm Robot: A Multi-Functional System

We wish for robots to manipulate objects and move flexibly in three-dimensional spaces. We describe a robot that can move on a web of surfaces oriented around arbitrary directions in three-space and a set of control algorithms that implements motion in three-dimensions. The robot can manipulate objects in three dimensions while moving, by using the same set of physical resources and control algorithms. This robot is an inchworm-like robot with a simple, modular, and flexible design. Finally, we discuss our experiments.
Unusual case of iris metastases from breast carcinoma

A 46-year-old white woman with a history of breast carcinoma presented at our clinic with new lesions of the left iris, anterior uveitis, and headache. Imaging of the head and orbits showed metastatic breast carcinoma of the brain. Iris lesions were diagnosed as metastatic breast carcinoma based on clinical presentation. The patient was treated at an outside facility with systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy while simultaneously being managed with steroid eyedrops for intraocular inflammation. Her condition and vision improved over a 3-month period. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
An integrated framework for universal motion control

The advance of the motion tracking and 3D display technologies impacts the input and output devices of the general human-computer interaction framework nowadays. The motion sensing devices can provide great tracking accuracy at relatively low prices, which make motion-based interactions affordable and popular for general use. Taking into account all the general interactions required on graphic user interfaces, we propose an integrated framework for motion control, which seamlessly supports 2D, 3D and motion gesture interactions. We categorize the general tasks and define four corresponding operating modes: 2D cursor, 3D manipulation, 3D navigation, and motion gesture. Trade-offs are made between generality, performance, and usability. With a careful design of mapping, we believe the generality of the motion control can outweigh the compromise in performance. In the implementation, a hybrid framework of optical and inertial sensing is used to achieve precise 6 DOF motion tracking. We develop two interesting applications to demonstrate the usability of the integrated motion control framework between the first three operating modes. The motion gesture mode is proposed but not covered in this work.
Why so negative? Positive flashbulb memories for a personal event

Flashbulb memories are highly vivid and long-lasting memories for events that are emotionally significant and personally important. Research in this area typically focuses on negative events such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the events of 11 September 2001, and the start of Operation Desert Storm. However, the current study examines flashbulb memory formation to the positive event of receiving an invitation to join a university-wide social organisation (Greek Life). Results suggest that this is an event capable of producing vivid flashbulb memories with high ratings of belief in accuracy and high consistency over time.
A New Cage Cover as an Aid to Laboratory Rodent Disease Control

SummaryThe development of a rodent cage cover that inhibits the spread of disease agents within a restricted area by preventing feces and soiled bedding from getting out of the cage is described. The cover differs from the usual cage top in that the typical large open areas of perforations or coarse wire mesh are replaced by a double crimp, square mesh, stainless steel screen with 40 openings per linear inch. The cover costs no more than the usual cover with large open areas. It gives adequate ventilation and has been used to house breeding mice and mice in experiments. It is equally suitable for rats and other rodents. Its use neither complicates animal management procedures nor reduces useful research space.
Expression and Characterization of the Flocculin Flo11/Muc1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannoprotein with Homotypic Properties of Adhesion

The Flo11/Muc1 flocculin has diverse phenotypic effects. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells of strain background Sigma1278b require Flo11p to form pseudohyphae, invade agar, adhere to plastic, and develop biofilms, but they do not flocculate. We show that S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus strains, on the other hand, exhibit Flo11-dependent flocculation and biofilm formation but do not invade agar or form pseudohyphae. In order to study the nature of the Flo11p proteins produced by these two types of strains, we examined secreted Flo11p, encoded by a plasmid-borne gene, in which the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor sequences had been replaced by a histidine tag. A protein of approximately 196 kDa was secreted from both strains, which upon purification and concentration, aggregated into a form with a very high molecular mass. When secreted Flo11p was covalently attached to microscopic beads, it conferred the ability to specifically bind to S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus cells, which flocculate, but not to Sigma1278b cells, which do not flocculate. This was true for the 196-kDa form as well as the high-molecular-weight form of Flo11p, regardless of the strain source. The coated beads bound to S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus cells expressing FLO11 and failed to bind to cells with a deletion of FLO11, demonstrating a homotypic adhesive mechanism. Flo11p was shown to be a mannoprotein. Bead-to-cell adhesion was inhibited by mannose, which also inhibits Flo11-dependent flocculation in vivo, further suggesting that this in vitro system is a useful model for the study of fungal adhesion.
The perinexus: a new feature of Cx43 gap junction organization.

The intercellular propagation of action potential is a necessary prerequisite of cardiac function. It is widely held that this is achieved by direct coupling between myocytes mediated by gap junctions – aggregates of cell-to-cell connexon channels. Connexons in the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes not docked within gap junction aggregates are thought tightly regulated, though there is evidence that so-called connexon hemichannels may open in certain pathological conditions. It is presently not known whether undocked connexons are concentrated in specialized domains of membrane. Recently, we reported that interaction between the MAGUK scaffolding protein Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) is concentrated in a region of the plasma membrane surrounding the gap junction plaque called the perinexus. It was found that ZO-1-Cx43 interaction governs a balance between undocked connexons in the perinexus and connexons docked in functional intercellular channels in the gap junction. In ongoing work it has been determined that the perinexus of cardiomyocyte gap junctions likely does contain high concentrations of undocked connexons composed of Cx43. This connexon-enriched zone of membrane appears to be a specialized nidus for integration of channel, junctional, and signal transduction molecules. Further insight into the function of the perinexus could provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of arrhythmia and other cardiac diseases.
Appraisal and coping styles account for the effects of temperament on pre‐adolescent adjustment

Temperament, appraisal, and coping are known to underlie emotion regulation, yet less is known about how these processes relate to each other across time. We examined temperamental fear, frustratio...
Electromagnetic scattering from homogeneous dielectric bodies using the finite difference delay Modeling and the runge-kutta method

Finite difference delay modeling (FDDM) [1] is a new technique based on a time-domain integral equation (TDIE) formulation for solving electromagnetic scattering problems. This method accomplishes the temporal discretization using a finite difference based mapping from the Laplace domain to Z-domain and has been applied to conductive [1] and dielectric scatterers [2]. Previous work has employed first- and second-order backward difference formulas (BDFs) for the mapping. Unfortunately, stable BDF approximations are limited to the second order [3], which prevents FDDM schemes from ever achieving better temporal convergence.
Alcohol and breast cancer: a cohort study.

Abstract The relation between alcohol consumption and several causes of death, including breast cancer, was examined in a population of 581, 321 women enrolled in a prospective study in 1959 and followed for 12 years. Women who drank occasionally had about the same breast cancer mortality rate as nondrinkers; those who drank occasionaly had about the same breast cancer mortality rate as nondrinkers; those who drank one to four drinks per day had SMRs 7–26% higher; five drinks per day, 1.89; and six or more drinks per day, 1.65. The two highest-consumption groups' risks were significantly higher than those of nondrinkers after multivariate adjustment for several breast cancer risk factors. Distinctive dose-response relationships were observed for two known alcohol-related conditions: cirrhosis of the liver and cancer of the aero-digestive tract, suggesting that results for other causes are not seriously biased by misclassification of drinking habits. Death rates from all causes combined were elevated for drinkers of three or more drinks per day. Whether or not the association of elevated breast cancer death rates ultimately turns out to be causal, there is ample reason to continue to warn the public against excessive drinking.
Foliar Bio-Physical and Spectral Properties Associated with Light Environment in a Mature Poplar Stand

This study evaluates the ability of reflectance (R) and chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters to express the differences in foliar properties associated with varying light environment. In the summer of 2007 a tall crane was used to acquire foliar reflectance measurements and collect samples from sunlit and shaded tree crowns, from the upper and lower canopy of a mature tulip poplar (Lirodendron Tulipifera L.) forest. Leaf-level photosynthesis, R, ChlF spectra and kinetics and bio-physical parameters were measured on excised samples. The differences in the light environment greatly affected the spectral and biophysical data, especially the photosynthetic parameters (Amax, LUE, photochemical quenching, Qp, Qn, Qp/Qn). For sunlit foliage, ChlF kinetics (Fo, Fm, Fs, and Fv/Fm) were significantly lower than shaded foliage. Our analysis indicated that some of the tested spectral bio-indicators (e.g. PRI1, RE2, G035, Dmax) were strongly associated with LUE and differed significantly depending on the light environment. ChlF as compared to R indices followed more closely the trends in LUE, which emphasizes the application of ChlF for the timely detection of changes in vegetation physiology and carbon dynamics.
Trapping of Chloride Ions in Cement Pastes Containing Fly Ash

Chloride ions, when present at sufficient concentration in the concrete pore fluid, may be associated with corrosion of the reinforcing steel even in normally passivative environments. The effectiveness of fly ash containing pastes in trapping chloride ions was studied. A paste was prepared containing 30% low-calcium fly ash and 70% type I cement, with mixing water (50% by weight) containing 0.4% C1− with respect to the solid. Samples were cured at 25°C and 38°lC at 95% R.H. At designated times extending over a six-month period, the pore fluids were expressed from the hardened pastes using a squeezing cell designed for this purpose. Special precautions were taken to avoid carbonation of the fluids; contact with the atmosphere was minimized. The expressed fluids were analyzed by DC plasma emission spectrometry for cations and by automated selective ion exchange chromatography for anions. Other studies (XRD, thermal analysis) were carried out to identify the compounds formed and determine their mechanisms of formation. Investigations indicated that the mechanism of trapping chloride ion is partly chemical and partly physical through adsorption on the surface of fly ash particles (initially physical and subsequently chemical).
Transition Studies of Poly(2,6-dimethyl 1-,4-phenylene ether)

A study has been made of the transition properties of poly(2,6-dimethyl 1-, 4-phenylene ether) (PPO® polymer) using the wide-temperature range adia-batic calorimeter previously described1 to measure the heat capacity and thereby examine transition behavior of the polymer from 80 to 570°K. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the melting point depressions of mixtures of the polymer with 1-chloronaphthalene, and from these data the heat and entropy of fusion were calculated.
Statistics of Conductance Fluctuations in Quantum Dots

Recent experiments measuring both the statistical and spectral properties of ballistic conductance fluctuations in GaAs quantum dots are described. Shape distortion using a small “pin” gate provides a novel means of generating conductance fluctuations, and also allows fluctuation statistics to be measured at fixed magnetic field. Changes in both the mean and the variance of conductance fluctuations are seen upon breaking time-reversal symmetry with an applied magnetic field. The phase-breaking time T φ(T) in the dot is measured using the power spectrum of conductance fluctuations and is compared to recent 0-D theory.