cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MR Imaging of Aqueductal Stenosis Due to Tectal Region Tumors

Neoplasms arising from the midbrain are not uncommon; however, those limited to the tectal region are rare. It is likely that a number of such lesions were not detected in the past, and that such lesions are more common than past experience would indicate.
Molecular Electronics – Devices and Circuits Technology

Molecular electronics has several potential advantages for being of interest as an electronic element. It has small size, typically on the range of a few nm, well below the total size projected for any FET. A second advantage is that molecules can self assemble onto surfaces, a very low-cost process. Their third advantage is that they can be designed at the atomic level, a feat not possible with bulk devices. Atomic level design permits a wide range of devices to be investigated, and potentially leads to precise control of electronic properties. For example, switching between isomers of the same chemistry should lead to radically different device properties.
Human Resource Allocation in a CPA Firm: A Fuzzy Set Approach

The review of existing human resource allocation models for a CPA firm shows that there are major shortcomings in the previous mathematical models. First, linear programming models cannot handle multiple objective human resource allocation problems for a CPA firm. Second, goal programming or multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) cannot deal with the organizational differentiation problems. To reduce the complexity in computing the trade-offs among multiple objectives, this paper adopts a fuzzy set approach to solve human resource allocation problems. A solution procedure is proposed to systematically identify a satisfying selection of possible staffing solutions that can reach the best compromise value for the multiple objectives and multiple constraint levels. The fuzzy solution can help the CPA firm make a realistic decision regarding its human resource allocation problems as well as the firm's overall strategic resource management when environmental factors are uncertain.
Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1979

Abstract A general summary of the 1979 hurricane season is presented. Included are highlights of the season, comparisons of activity in recent years with long-term averages, and comment on large-scale atmospheric features which prevailed during the season and their impact on storm tracks. Finally, there are accounts of individual storms, which give meteorological details and the influence of synoptic features on their tracks and intensity.
Cardia bifida in chick embryos: Anterior and posterior defects produced by transplanting tritiated thymidine‐labeled grafts medial to the heart‐forming regions

Anterior and posterior cardia bifida were produced in chick embryos by transplanting tritiated thymidine-labeled grafts into host embryos, anterior to the anterior end of the streak and medial to the heart-forming mesoderm, i.e., into areas destined for ventral gut or yolk sac. Anterior cardia bifida resulted when the nonintegrated part of the graft prevented the splanchnic folds from meeting at the midline to form the anterior end of the heart; this anomaly always appeared without corresponding anomalies in the endoderm and ectoderm layers. Posterior cardia bifida resulted when the part of the graft that had not been integrated into the host tissue interfered with the formation of the foregut. The position of the labeled cells in the endocardium, myocardium, mesocardium, endoderm, and yolk sac was determined by radioautography. Although cardia bifida has no known counterparts in the pathological anatomy of human congenital heart disease, study of the condition gives significant insight into the relations of the primary germ layers.
Foucault's Historiographical Expansion: Adding Genealogy to Archaeology

This paper offers a rereading of Foucault's much-disputed mid-career historiographical shift to genealogy from his earlier archaeological analytic. Disputing the usual view that this shift involves an abandonment of an archaeological method that was then replaced by a genealogical method, I show that this shift is better conceived as a historiographical expansion. Foucault's work subsequent to this shift should be understood as invoking both genealogy and archaeology. The metaphor of expansion is helpful in clarifying what was involved in Foucault's historiographical shift. I describe two expansions at the heart of Foucault's move. First, Foucault went from analyzing singular isolable domains of practice (such as knowledge) to analyzing the interactions between multiple domains of practice (such as power/knowledge). Second, Foucault went from an analytic which relied on a single temporal category of rupture to an analytic which invoked the relations amongst multiple temporalities, including continuity alongside discontinuity in his subsequent analyses.
Blood-donor perceptions of health history screening with a computer-assisted self-administered interview.

BACKGROUND : Computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI) has been shown to promote disclosures of sensitive information. Using CASI to screen blood-donor candidates might encourage reports of deferrable risks without discouraging eligible donors. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : In 1998, an anonymous mail survey was sent to donors from eight blood centers. The relationship of donor demographics, donation history, and infectious risks (HIV test-seeking behavior, unreported deferrable risk, or reactive donor-screening test result) on attitudes toward CASI were assessed. RESULTS : Of 92,581 blood donors surveyed, 52,650 (57%) responded; of these, 4713 (7%) had an infectious risk. Among donors with risks, 29 percent felt they would be encouraged to reveal personal data, and 7 percent reported they would be discouraged from donating by CASI. Young, minority, female, and first-time donors were the most likely to report that CASI would encourage personal disclosures. Among donors without risks, 5 percent felt CASI would discourage them from donating. CONCLUSIONS : Although most donors felt their donation practices would not be influenced, CASI might reduce the proportion of donors with infectious risks by fostering personal disclosures and self-deferrals. The potential for CASI to improve donor screening and increase appropriate self-deferrals should be balanced against the possible loss of reluctant safe donors.
Effect of Splenectomy on Production of Cobalt Polycythemia.

ConclusionFrom the foregoing data, the tentative conclusion is drawn that the removal of the spleen of the young rat may delay but does not prevent the production of polycythemia by cobalt.
From Comets to Asteroids: When Hairy Stars Go Bald

We discuss the essential differences between comets and asteroids. Ironically, with the exception of the rocky asteroids in the inner solar system, most of the objects classified as asteroids at and beyond Jupiter’s orbit are likely to conceal buried volatiles, and thus are more usefully considered as comets.
Toward assessing in-house use of print resources in the undergraduate academic library: an inter-institutional study

Abstract This article is an inter-institutional study of patrons’ browsing behavior in two university libraries. We tested an unobtrusive method of measuring browsing over one semester and provided comparative data for the two institutions during the same time period. Data were based on pre-selected samples of prominent monographs and representative serials in several disciplines. By design, a substantial portion of each corresponding sample overlapped between the two institutions. The results revealed extremely low frequencies of browsing in both institutions. This conclusion was supported in all disciplines, both for works shared in the corresponding samples and unique selections. The study combined methodological refinement with an extension beyond our previous research. Although presenting a method for discerning trends in student behavior, in the broadest terms the study has direct bearing on the uses of print resources and collection development assessment during a time of unprecedented expansion of information technology.
G-Octamer Formation from N9-Modified Guanine Derivatives

The properties of the self-assembly of two lipophilic guanine derivatives, 2′,3′,5′-O-tris(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-guanosine and N9-(3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-benzyl)-guanine, are described. In the presence of K+, both guanine derivatives self-associate into D 4-symmetric octamers consisting of two G-quartets stacked around a central ion.
Anterior stability of the glenohumeral joint: A dynamic model

This study defines the interaction of the rotator cuff musculature and the glenohumeral ligaments in providing anterior stability to the glenohumeral joint. Eight cadaveric shoulders were studied using a testing frame that individually simulated the forces of the subscapularis, the supraspinatus, and the infraspinatus/teres minor musculature. The application of these forces abducted the humerus to approximately 90 degrees. The cocking phase of throwing was then simulated through the use of an Instron. With random variation of the rotator cuff forces, we investigated the effects that each force had on the rotation of the humerus and the strain of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Our results demonstrate that the infraspinatus/teres minor muscle group was the most effective in controlling external rotation of the humerus and in reducing ligamentous strain. These observations are pertinent in the treatment of anterior instability syndromes of the shoulder.
On the spectrum of the linear transport operator

In this paper, spectral properties of the time‐independent linear transport operator A are studied. This operator is defined in its natural Banach space L 1(D × V), where D is the bounded space domain and V is the velocity domain. The collision operator K accounts for elastic and inelastic slowing down, fission, and low energy elastic and inelastic scattering. The various cross sections in K and the total cross section are piecewise continuous functions of position and speed. The two cases ν0>0 and ν0=0 are treated, where ν0 is the minimum neutron speed. For ν0=0, it is shown that σ(A) consists of a full half‐plane plus, in an adjoining strip, point eigenvalues and curves. For ν0>0, σ(A) consists just of point eigenvalues and curves in a certain half‐space. In both cases, the curves are due to purely elastic ``Bragg'' scattering and are absent if this scattering does not occur. Finally the spectral differences between the two cases ν0>0 and ν0=0 are discussed briefly, and it is proved that A is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous semigroup of operators.
Science and Quality Assurance: From dose to overdose

For Quality Assurance to be a proactive partner in drug development we need to understand the scientific concepts that define and shape the pharmaceutical process. Drug development can be more easily understood by considering the basic scientific principles governing the numerous scientific disciplines that contribute to producing safe and effective drugs. This article describes how two of these principles influence drug development from choice of molecule through to clinical testing and how they interact with FDA regulations and Quality Assurance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface disposition and stability of pest-interactive, trichome-exuded diterpenes and sucrose esters of tobacco.

The precise physical location of trichome-exudate biochemicals on the plant surface is undoubtedly important in plant-pest interactions, perhaps particularly those involving fungal and bacterial pathogens that invade the plant through the epidermal layer. The chemical stability of exuded compounds is also important in this regard. Here we have studied these two aspects of trichome biology using the highly exuded tobacco line,Nicotiana tabacum, T.I. 1068. Particularly under high relative humidity growth conditions, sucrose esters (SE) were found to migrate from the exudate droplet around the gland down the trichome stalk to the epidermal cells below. Six days after labeling leaf midveins on plants grown in a high humidity environment, 29 and 71% of label found in SE were recovered with trichome glands and below gland regions, respectively. Corresponding disposition in the moderate humidity environment was 40 and 60%, respectively. Migration of less polar duvatrienediols (DVT) was less marked. Staining of SE with rhodamine B showed the occurrence of more extensive and physically different migration in the high humidity versus moderate humidity case. Both SE and DVT were stable between six and 18 days postlabeling, the period encompassing the time of maximum exudate formation through the beginning of tissue senescence. Our results suggest that even under conditions that avoid mechanical disturbance of tissue, SE and DVT are chemically stable, at least until senescence, and appear to migrate from the gland region to the epidermal surface, apparently according to their relative polarity.
Habitat use of the Louisiana Waterthrush during the non-breeding season in Puerto Rico

Abstract We used radiotelemetry to quantify habitat and spatial use patterns of neighboring Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) along two streams in the Caribbean National Forest in Puerto Rico during 2005–2007. Home range sizes varied with younger birds having larger home ranges and core areas than older birds. All birds occupied some length of stream but a wide range of off-stream habitats were also used. Off-stream habitats included a range of disturbance from residential areas to small saturated pastures. Neighbors exhibited a wide range of overlap in home ranges (x¯ = 20%) and older birds had more overlap than younger birds. The greatest percent of foraging time was along streams (64.4%) followed by muddy substrate (26.5%), housing developments (7.4%), and roads (1.7%). The greater proportion of time foraging along streams indicates this is the preferred habitat for this species. Use of off-stream habitat indicates a strategy of exploiting food-rich ground substrates, and in particular those...
Optimization Of The Optics Matching A Storage Ring To An X-Ray Lithography Camera

An oscillating grazing incidence mirror can be used to achieve vertically uniform illumination with a synchrotron radiation source. To increase the intensity it has been suggested previously to use a figured mirror rather than a plane mirror so that light from a larger horizontal angle can be directed into the exposure area. This paper presents results of ray-tracing calculations that show how much the intensity can actually be increased while maintaining good horizontal uniformity. Cylindrical, parabolic and elliptical mirrors are investigated and geometrical parameters are optimized. It is shown further that with an ellipsoid the throughput of a step-and-repeat camera is almost independent of the exposure field size. The parameters of the IBM X-ray lithography beamline are discussed.
Prevención cardiovascular estancada: tendencias alarmantes y barreras socioeconómicas persistentes

La prevalencia, creciente en la ultima decada, de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en todo el mundo y el estancamiento de la reduccion de la mortalidad cardiovascular (dependiente de la enfermedad coronaria sobre todo) en adultos jovenes de baja posicion socioeconomica son tendencias alarmantes que indican que la disminucion de la mortalidad cardiovascular observada en los ultimos 50 anos podria estar llegando a su termino. La obesidad, que ha alcanzado proporciones epidemicas en el mundo, ocupa un lugar central en esta tendencia. La enfermedad coronaria se desarrolla a traves de un proceso que involucra multiples vias causales. La expresion de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular parece estar determinada por caracteristicas que incluyen desde el codigo genetico hasta factores socioeconomicos desfavorables. El control del riesgo cardiovascular hasta ahora se ha centrado predominantemente en el manejo farmacologico de factores de riesgo aislados, en detrimento de otros factores participantes, en especial los socioeconomicos. Estrategias mas efectivas en el control del riesgo cardiovascular tanto en individuos como en las poblaciones deberian considerar este complejo escenario, que incluye caracteristicas socioeconomicas como la educacion, los ingresos y el medio ambiente construido. Las tendencias desfavorables senaladas mas arriba enfatizan la necesidad de redirigir las actuales estrategias preventivas del riesgo cardiovascular.
Use of recombinant human hematopoietic growth factors and autologous bone marrow transplantation to attenuate the neutropenic trough of high‐dose therapy

This manuscript summarizes our experience with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) with high-dose Cytoxan, carmustine and etoposide (CBV in Hodgkin's disease). rhG-CSF regularly shortened the neutropenic phase following autologous bone marrow transplantation. However, this effect was more marked on the latter part of neutrophil recovery than the early part of granulocyte recovery to 100 granulocytes/microliters. The frequency of afebrile episodes was not reduced by rhG-CSF administration, but there was a tendency for the duration of fever to be shortened. Increasing doses and continuous infusion did not hasten the early part of neutrophil recovery needed to prevent the onset of infection, but was more effective than bolus infusion in increasing the rate of late neutrophil recovery. If fevers are to be prevented in this patient population, the duration of an absolute granulocyte count of less than 100/microliters will have to last only a few days. Recombinant hematopoietic growth factors alone do not hasten recovery fast enough to prevent the onset of afebrile episodes. Studies are described using both recombinant growth factor and peripheral blood and bone marrow cells to see if the neutropenic trough can be further shortened over that achievable with growth factor and autologous transplant alone.
Parental history of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke: relationship to coronary heart disease risk factor variables in their adult children.

Abstract Relationships of parental (familial) history of coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and diabetes to major coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors were examined in 738 adults (average age, 40 years) in the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinics Princeton School study. Men reporting parental CHD had higher plasma triglyceride and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than comparison group men reporting no parental CHD, stroke, hypertension, or diabetes. Women reporting parental CHD had higher plasma triglycerides than comparison group women reporting no parental CHD, stroke, hypertension, or diabetes. Men reporting stroke in one parent had higher total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels than comparison men. Women reporting stroke in one parent had higher triglyceride levels than comparison group women. Women reporting hypertension in one parent had higher mean triglyceride and systolic blood pressure than comparison women. Men and women reporting diabetes in one parent had higher triglyceride than comparison adults. Matching men whose fathers had died of CHD with those whose fathers were free of CHD revealed significant increments in triglyceride levels, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure in the men with positive family history of CHD. Matching women whose fathers had died of CHD with those whose fathers were free of CHD revealed higher total plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Quetelet index. In men, categorical assessment by CHD risk factor levels (low, intermediate, high), revealed that plasma triglycerides and systolic blood pressure were positively associated with a parental history of CHD, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely related. In women, similar observations were made for triglycerides. Family history is a practical tool for identification of risk to CHD, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes. Serial risk factor measurements in offspring from CHD-, hypertension-, stroke-, and diabetes-positive families should have considerable utility in early recognition and documentation of CHD risk factor levels which, in turn, should facilitate primary intervention designed to ameliorate or prevent the development of CHD.
Effects of increasing field pea (Pisum sativum) level in high-concentrate diets on growth performance and carcass traits in finishing steers and heifers

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of increasing field pea level in high-concentrate finishing cattle diets on ADG, DMI, G:F, and carcass traits, and to estimate the NE of field pea. In Exp. 1, 118 yearling heifers (417.9 +/- 2.4 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial BW and assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (0, 10, 20, or 30% dry-rolled field pea, DM basis; 4 pens/treatment). In Exp. 2, 143 beef steers (433 +/- 19 kg initial BW) were blocked by BW and assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (0, 10, 20, or 30% dry-rolled field pea, DM basis; 6 pens/treatment). In Exp. 3, 80 beef steers (372.4 +/- 0.4 kg initial BW) were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (0, 18, 27, or 36% cracked field pea, DM basis; 4 pens/treatment). Field pea replaced a portion of the grain (dry-rolled and high moisture corn, dry-rolled corn, and barley and barley sprouts; Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and protein supplement. In Exp. 1, field pea inclusion decreased DMI linearly (P = 0.03), whereas ADG and G:F were not affected by treatment (P > or = 0.17); however, dietary NE(g) increased quadratically with increasing field pea level (P = 0.04). Fat thickness responded quadratically (P = 0.008) where heifers fed 20% field pea had greatest fat thickness and 30% field pea inclusion the least. Marbling tended (P or = 0.17) were observed for HCW, LM area, or KPH. In Exp. 2, DMI, ADG, G:F, dietary NE(g), HCW, marbling, LM area, 12th-rib fat, and USDA yield grade (YG) were unaffected by dietary field pea inclusion (P > or = 0.12). In Exp. 3, marbling score increased linearly (P = 0.05), fat thickness increased quadratically (P = 0.01), and YG tended to increase (P = 0.07) quadratically as field pea increased. Field pea inclusion did not affect (P > or = 0.38) DMI, ADG, G:F, dietary NE(g), HCW, or LM area. These results indicate that field pea can be included successfully into rations at levels up to 36% of DM without negatively affecting growth performance and most carcass characteristics of finishing beef cattle; however, effects on marbling score were variable. These data also indicate the energy content of field peas is similar to cereal grains, such as corn and barley, when included in high-concentrate finishing diets.
Low Mole Ratio Urea–Melamine–Formaldehyde Resins Entailing Increased Methylene-Ether Group Contents and Their Formaldehyde Emission Potentials of Wood Composite Boards

A previous study of synthesizing low mole ratio urea–formaldehyde (UF) and urea–melamine–formaldehyde (UMF) resins, which included an acidic reaction step at the beginning of the typical resin synthesis procedure to obtain higher uron-type methylene–ether group contents, was repeated with the acidic reaction step extended to a higher viscosity. Compared to previous resins, the synthesized resins showed additional increases in the uron-type and linear-type methylene–ether groups, resulting in longer storage times, longer pot lives, longer gel times, and comparable internal bond strengths and water absorption values of particleboards; however, the formaldehyde contents (FC) of boards increased. It was concluded that the extended acidic reaction resulted in increased formaldehyde emission potential of boards because of additional methylene–ether groups formed. The results led to the hypothesis that the FC values of current UF resin-bonded boards are mainly due to the methylene–ether-type groups present in significant levels in UF and UMF resins.
Refolding of serine proteinases

Bovine trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen were successfully refolded as the mixed disulfide of glutathione using cysteine as the disulfide interchange catalyst. The native structures were regenerated with yields of 40%-50% at pH 8.6 and 4 degrees C, and the half-time for the refolding was approximately 60-75 min. We then refolded threonine-neochymotrypsinogen, which is a two-chain structure held together by disulfide bonds and produced on cleavage of Tyr 146-Thr 147 in native chymotrypsinogen [Duda CT, Light A, J Biol Chem 257 9866-9871, 1982]. Neochymotrypsinogen was denatured and fully reduced, and the thiols were converted to the mixed disulfide of glutathione. The two polypeptide fragments, representing the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains, were separated on Sephadex G-75. Mixtures of the polypeptide fragments varying in the ratio of their concentration from 1:5 to 5:1 were refolded with yields of 21-28%. The lack of dependence on the concentration of either fragment and the relatively high yields suggest independent folding of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains. When the globular structures of the domains formed, they then interacted with one another and produced the native intermolecular disulfide bridge and the proper geometry of the active site.
Sodium channel mutation leading to saxitoxin resistance in clams increases risk of PSP

Bivalve molluscs, the primary vectors of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans, show marked inter-species variation in their capacity to accumulate PSP toxins (PSTs)1 which has a neural basis2,3. PSTs cause human fatalities by blocking sodium conductance in nerve fibres4,5. Here we identify a molecular basis for inter-population variation in PSP resistance within a species, consistent with genetic adaptation to PSTs. Softshell clams (Mya arenaria) from areas exposed to ‘red tides’ are more resistant to PSTs, as demonstrated by whole-nerve assays, and accumulate toxins at greater rates than sensitive clams from unexposed areas. PSTs lead to selective mortality of sensitive clams. Resistance is caused by natural mutation of a single amino acid residue, which causes a 1,000-fold decrease in affinity at the saxitoxin-binding site in the sodium channel pore of resistant, but not sensitive, clams. Thus PSTs might act as potent natural selection agents, leading to greater toxin resistance in clam populations and increased risk of PSP in humans. Furthermore, global expansion of PSP to previously unaffected coastal areas6 might result in long-term changes to communities and ecosystems.
A model for the inverse Hall–Petch relation of nanocrystalline materials

We propose a composite model to explain the phenomena of strength softening with decreasing the grain size, which was reported in some nanocrystalline (nc) materials. We assume that a nc material consists of a grain interior and an amorphous grain-boundary layer. The grain interior deforms elastically under external stresses, while the plastic deformation of the grain-boundary layer was governed by a Maxwell's equation. Based on this model, it will be shown that the strength of a nc material decreases linearly with decreasing the grain size, when the grain size is below a certain threshold. The model is compared with the experimental data from the published studies on nc Cu and Ni. The predictions of relevant creep mechanisms for nc materials are also discussed.
Sensitivity of opioid receptor binding to N-substituted maleimides and methanethiosulfonate derivatives

A series of N-substituted maleimides was shown to effectively inactivate bremazocine binding to δ opioid receptors. Apparent second order rate constants for inactivation increased with increasing size of the N-substituent: N-methyl < N-ethyl < N-butyl < N-phenylmaleimide. It is suggested that the positive chain length effect is attributed to nonpolar interactions with the receptor in the vicinity of the reactive group. Binding to μ and δ opioid receptors was equally sensitive to inactivation by (2-aminoethyl)methanethiosulfonate; the [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] and (2-sulfonatoethyl) derivatives were less active. Site-directed mutagenesis of the μ opioid receptor indicated that Cys159, Cys190, Cys235, Cys292, or Cys321, residing in transmembrane domain 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively, werenot the site of modification.
Magnetic resonance imaging of injury to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow: a cadaver model.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the usefulness of thin-section 3-dimensional Fourier Transform (3DFT) gradient echo imaging of the medial collateral ligament and to evaluate the usefulness of intraarticular gadolinium for the detection of tears of the ligament. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 5 fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows through use of T1-weighted and 3DFT gradient echo T2-weighted sequences. The elbows were then arthroscoped, and lesions were created in the medial collateral ligaments. Magnetic resonance imaging was then repeated with the T1 and 3DFT sequences. In addition, dilute gadolinium was then injected intraarticularly, and fat-suppressed T1-weighted images and 3DFT images were obtained. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were correlated with the appearance of the dissected ligament. We found that in the prearthroscopy specimens, the ligament was best seen on the 3DFT images reformatted into a slightly posteriorly obliqued coronal plane. In the postarthroscopy elbows, 4 full-thickness perforations were detected with the 3DFT sequence; fat-suppressed T1-weighted images with intraarticular gadolinium detected these 4 as well as 1 partial inner surface tear. In conclusion, fat-suppressed T1-weighted magnetic resonance arthrography with gadolinium can provide information regarding inner surface partial tears and small full-thickness perforations. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9:418-22.)
A role for ia antigens in thymocyte binding by macrophages.

To investigate the membrane structures involved in cellular interactions between thymocytes and macrophages, the relative ability of different murine macrophage populations to spontaneously bind thymocytes was compared. Macrophages derived from the spleen or thymus bound three to four times the number of thymocytes than macrophages from peripheral blood, peritoneum, or bone marrow. This reflects differences both in the number of macrophages binding thymocytes and in the number of thymocytes bound per macrophage. The extent of binding seems to positively correlate with the number of Ia-positive macrophages contained in these populations, as based on previously published values. This was confirmed by showing that elimination of splenic Ia-positive macrophages with anti-Ia and complement treatment dramatically reduced thymocyte binding. In addition, mouse peritoneal washout macrophages incubated for several days with supernatant fluid from concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells, which induce Ia-antigen expression, exhibited a marked increase in the number of macrophages that bound thymocytes and the number of thymocytes bound per macrophage. To determine if Ia antigens were directly involved in binding, spleen, thymus, or Ia-induced peritoneal macrophages were treated with a monoclonal anti-Ia antibody prior to the addition of thymocytes. Treatment with anti-Ia reduced binding by around 50%, whereas treatment with anti-H-2D antibody had no effect. Monoclonal anti-I-A and anti-I-E antibody treatments of macrophages both inhibited thymocyte binding to similar extents, and treatment of macrophages with both reagents together reduced thymocyte binding by 80%. These results indicate that thymocyte binding is in part dependent on macrophage Ia expression.
Impact of demand response and wind generation on reserve requirements in the US Pacific Northwest

As the global movement towards the implementation of large-scale renewable energy sources proceeds, wind power has continued to remain a leading resource. Unlike other traditional generation sources, the fuel cost for wind is zero; nevertheless, the impacts of adding wind generation to an existing power system are generally non-negligible. One of the key indicators of the variability of a renewable resource is the amount of reserve generation required to back up that resource. The variable nature of wind generation can stress many different elements of a power system, including both transmission and the operation of other generation resources. In the US Pacific Northwest, much, if not all, of the reserve is provided by the plentiful hydropower resource that makes up the majority of traditional generation in the area. In order to reduce the additional stresses that wind power places on the hydro system, other sources of reserves will be required in the future. This paper explores the impact of combining demand response with the increasing penetration of the wind resource on reserve requirements. Utilizing a variety of simple demand response implementations with varying wind penetration, the results demonstrate that demand response can play a part in mitigating the stresses that increasing variable renewable generation places on the power system. The results show that with 15 percent of the load participating in demand response, approximately 10 percent wind penetration can be achieved with no change in reserve requirements.
Ultrasound measurements of torsions in the tibia and femur.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of using ultrasound to measure tibial and femoral torsion. Methods: In vitro ultrasound measurements of torsion in 118 matched dried tibiae and femora were compared with direct anatomical measurements with use of simple regression. The second part of the study involved repeated in vivo ultrasound measurements made on twenty adult limbs to determine the clinical reliability of our methods. Results: The in vitro ultrasound measurements of femoral and tibial torsion were significantly related to the anatomical measurements (p < 0.001 for both). The inter-rater correlation coefficients between three examiners were 0.84 for both the tibial and femoral measurements, and the intra-rater correlation coefficients ranged from 0.86 to 0.98. The in vivo measurements were similar to the in vitro measurements, and the intra-rater correlation coefficients for repeated measures were 0.91 and 0.93 for femoral and tibial torsion, respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasound is a viable tool for measuring torsion of the tibia and femur. In order to minimize measurement errors, the ultrasound measurement should be used to calculate the predicted value of torsion with use of the regression equation. Clinical Relevance: Abnormal torsion in the tibia and femur have been linked to osteoarthritis in the knee. Precise, safe, and quick measurements of torsion are needed for clinical decision-making and for use in long-term studies.
Correctional nursing practice.

This study explored the nature and problems of nursing practice in correctional settings using qualitative field research methodology. Data were collected through participant observation at three men's state prisons and one city jail and included informal interviews and conversations of varying length and depth with 40 nursing staff members. Data analysis was accomplished through the constant comparative methodology and dimension analysis of grounded theory. Custody personnel's recognition, evaluation, and acceptance of judicially mandated health care varied across settings and formed a toleration continuum with two types (contentious and considered) located at polar ends and a third (acknowledged) in a central position. Correctional nurses' conceptions of nursing were categorized as limited, expanded, or other-directed. The three types of toleration provided differing contexts for correctional nursing practice. Interactions between custody and health care staff occurring within each toleration scene diff...
Challenges in the design high-speed clock and data recovery circuits

This article describes the challenges in the design of monolithic clock and data recovery circuits used in high-speed transceivers. Following an overview of general issues, the task of phase detection for random data is addressed. Next, Hogge (1985), Alexander (1975), and half-rate phase detectors are introduced and their trade-offs outlined. Finally, a number of clock and data recovery architectures are presented.
NONLINEAR VISCOSITY IN THE INTERCHANGEABLE MODULE STELLARATOR

The experimental observation of nonlinear parallel viscosity in the Interchangeable Module Stellarator is reported. The damping of plasma flows, by poloidal viscosity and ion-neutral collisions, is determined from the dependence of the radial current on the radial electric field in the plasma. At low neutral density, the radial current drops and a jump in the radial electric field occurs at a poloidal Mach number in the range $\ensuremath{-}10$ to $\ensuremath{-}15$, in reasonable agreement with a model based on nonlinear viscosity. The nonlinearity of viscosity diminishes as the neutral density is increased.
Perivascular carotid inflammation: an unusual case of carotidynia

A 59-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a fever and rigors for 2 days. She was on chemotherapy (docetaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab) for her stage II invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Her physical exam was unremarkable except for the fever. The white blood cells were 21,200/mm3 with 92% of neutrophils. ESR was 106 mm/h. An extensive infectious workup was negative. On day 6, while still febrile, the patient complained of a left-sided neck pain. She exhibited tenderness over the left carotid artery. A CT scan of the neck without intravenous contrast showed perivascular inflammation of the left common carotid artery, without evidence of a collection, arterial thrombosis, aneurysm, or dissection. The etiology of this finding was possibly chemotherapy related. It dramatically responded to oral prednisone. A repeat CT scan of the neck with IV contrast 2 weeks later showed a remarkable improvement. Drug reactions can simulate systemic inflammatory diseases and should always be considered in the diagnosing process.
A Decade of Experience and Evaluation with an Accredited Program in a Pharmacy Journal.

For more than 10 years the U.S. Pharmacist has published continuing education articles that have been accredited by Extension Services in Pharmacy at the University of Wisconsin—Madison. Since the beginning of this program over 200,000 lessons have been completed and in the last few years over 10,000 pharmacists have participated annually. This paper reports on the evaluation results of three studies conducted during this period and the pharmacists' satisfaction with this delivery system. The primary purpose of the paper is to analyze the most recent study, in which more than 90% of the pharmacists considered the program to be a valuable learning experience, relevant to their practice and a convenient and time-saving means for professional continuing education. Most respondents planned to continue to use this method of obtaining continuing education credit and 97% indicate that they would recommend the program to a colleague. Experience from this series of accredited journal articles may be beneficial to educators in other health professions considering similar delivery systems.
Psychophysiological and perceptual responses to infant cries varying in pitch: comparison of adults with low and high scores on the Child Abuse Potential Inventory.

Abstract Based on their scores on the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory, 30 nonparent adults were classified as either having high CAP scores ( n = 15) or low CAP scores ( n = 15). Subjects' heart rate and skin conductance were assessed as they listened to audio-taped presentations of four “normal” phonated infant cries and four high-pitched, hyperphonated infant cries. Subjects also rated the cries on several perceptual items. Results showed that both groups of subjects found hyperphonated cries more aversive, distressing, urgent, arousing, and sick than phonated cry sounds. Similarly, all listeners' showed higher skin conductance levels (SCL) in response to hyperphonated than phonated cries. SCL became attenuated over time in response to phonated, but not hyperphonated, cries. Adults in the high-CAP group, showed marginally higher heart rates than low-CAP adults following presentation of all infant cry sounds and responded to phonated cries with marginally higher skin conductance levels than low-CAP adults. The responses of high-CAP nonparent adults are similar to those of parents with histories of physically abusive interactions with their infants.
Aspirin and indomethacin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents alter the responses to microvascular injury in brain and mesentery.

Abstract We can produce platelet aggregation in the pial or mesentric microcirculation by illuminating a microscopic field containing such vessels with an appropriately filtered mercury lamp in the presence of intravascular sodium fluorescein (4, 5). This phenomenon appears to be a result of endothelial damage produced by the light in the prescence of the dye (5). Pretreatment of the animal with either aspirin or indomethacin inhibits the aggregation in the pial arterioles (5), but enhances aggregation in the mesenteric arterioles (6). During the course of our published studies concerning aggregation we observed arteriolar constriction in the mesentery and dilation in the pia, the latter being augmented and the former being reduced by aspirin and indomethacin. These observations are the subject of this brief report.
Promise and problems in theory and research on women's career development: Comment on Lucas (1997), Richie et al. (1997), McCracken and Weitzman (1997), Rainey and Borders (1997), and Schaefers, Epperson, and Nauta (1997).

The articles by M. Lucas (1997), B. S. Richie et al. (1997), R. S. McCracken and L. M. Weitzman (1997), L.M. Rainey and L.D. Borders (1997), and K.G. Schaefers, D. L. Epperson, and M. M. Nauta (1997) in the Special Section on Women's Career Development are considered within the context of prospects and problems in the empirical and theoretical literature. Promising trends include an increasing convergence on core themes such as gender role attitudes, relational and family issues, multiple role dilemmas, cultural influences, and the effects of support and barriers on women's career development. Methodological and theoretical issues are also examined and discussed. Primary among the concluding recommendations are the need for comparative model testing and the integration of important new constructs into existing conceptual models.
Chemical heat pumps—A basic thermodynamic analysis

Abstract The concept of a thermochemically driven chemical heat pump/refrigerator is discussed. Using Carnot analysis, it is shown that these systems can work closely to the maximal second-law efficiency. Criteria to be used in selection of chemical reactions for maximal efficiency are formulated.
Demonstration of a binary-optic infrared grism: a slitless spectrograph for meteor observations

We describe a grism suitable for low-resolution, slitless spectroscopy in the IR region between 3.0 and 5.0 micrometers . The grism is fabricated in silicon using a three-mask, photolithographic process, resulting in an eight-step binary approximation to the normal sawtooth grating profile. Desirable features of this approach include the ability to incorporate aberration correction in the gratin and a gentle ruing relief profile permitting a conformal anti-reflection coating for improved efficiency. To demonstrate the performance of this grism in a practical applications, we have constructed a slitless spectrograph system using an off-the-shelf InSb camera and simple, uncooled, refractive optics. This system is well suited to observing compact, bright, transient phenomena without good a priori knowledge of their positions. We present examples of present instrument performance. An upgrade currently under construction will increase sensitivity by cooling more of the optical path and increasing the aperture of the collecting optics. We plan to use the improved instrument to observe the Leonid Meteor shower in November 1998.
Thermo-optical modulation for improved ultrasonic fatigue crack detection in Ti–6Al–4V

Abstract Pulsed infrared laser irradiation was used to positively identify small fatigue cracks on the surface of fatigue damaged Ti–6Al–4V specimens. The resulting transient thermoelastic deformation perceptibly changes the opening of partially closed surface cracks without affecting other scatterers, such as surface grooves, corrosion pits, coarse grains, etc. that might hide the fatigue crack from ultrasonic detection. We found that this method, which was previously shown to be very effective in 2024 aluminum alloy, must be modified in order to successfully adapt it to Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy, where significant thermo-optical modulation was found even from straight corners or open notches. This spurious modulation is caused by direct thermal modulation of the sound velocity in the intact material rather than thermal stresses via crack closure. Different methods have been developed to distinguish direct thermal modulation from crack-closure modulation due to thermoelastic stresses. It was found that the modified thermo-optical modulation method can increase the detectability of hidden fatigue cracks in Ti–6Al–4V specimens by approximately one order of magnitude.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Metal Chelates

Abstract Liquid chromatography, especially ion-exchange chromatography, has been used very successfully for the separation of ionic metal chelates for many years. More recently, ion chromatography, an ion exchange method proposed by Small et al. (1) in 1975 for the determination of ionic species at low concentrations has undergone a period of rapid growth. Fritz (2) has recently published a book on ion chromatography which reviews work done in this field. Classical chromatographic methods for the separation of inorganic species and metal chelates has been reviewed by Michal (3) and, the somewhat more recently developed, reversed-phase extraction chromatographic methods by Cerrai and Ghersini (4) and Braun and Ghersini (5).
Ethnocentrism and beyond: Letters between a family therapist and an advocate of alcoholics anonymous

Both family therapists and advocates of 12-step programs are vulnerable to ethnocentrism, a one-way zeal that can inhibit collaboration and make it difficult to appreciate other ways to help individuals with drug and alcohol problems. Included is a series of letters between a family therapist and an advocate of Alcoholics Anonymous which illustrates the problems inherent in such ethnocentrism. An alternative position is also discussed which involves professional collaboration and an appreciation of the strengths of both traditions.