cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond access: Acceptability, use and nonuse of emergency contraception among young women

Objective This study was undertaken to assess the acceptability of levonorgestrel emergency contraception (EC). Study design We examined attitudes and use patterns among 1950 women in a randomized trial evaluating access to EC through advance provision, pharmacies, or clinics. Results Most women considered EC to be safe (92%) and effective (98%). Compared with women with clinic access, women with direct pharmacy access were no more likely to use EC within 24 hours (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.82-3.30) or to report it very convenient (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.77-2.56). However, women with advance provisions were more likely to use EC promptly (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.24-4.80) and report high convenience (OR = 4.25, 95% CI = 2.32-7.76). Advance provision increased use by all women, whereas pharmacy access increased use only among condom users. Inconvenience and fear of side effects were common reasons for nonuse. Conclusion Women viewed EC favorably. Advance provision improved promptness and convenience of use overall, while pharmacy access benefited specific populations.
Theory of the magnetic damping constant

The aim of this paper is to express the effects of basic dissipative mechanisms involved in the dynamics of the magnetization field in terms of the one most commonly observed quantity: the spatial average of that field. The mechanisms may be roughly divided into direct relaxation to the lattice, and indirect relaxation via excitation of many magnetic modes. Two illustrative examples of these categories are treated; direct relaxation via magnetostriction into a lattice of known elastic constant, and relaxation into synchronous spin waves brought about by imperfections. Finally, a somewhat speculative account is presented of time constants to be expected in magnetization reversal.
Further development and application of the ECS scaling theory: Non-linear molecules

Abstract The energy corrected sudden (ECS) scaling theory is applied to rotational energy transfer (RR,T) in the HeNH 3 system: one of the largest and most complex systems studied thus far. A test of the scaling and an accurate prediction of available cross sections required the development of two new results: (1) a scaling relation between properly symmetrized symmetric-top cross sections; and (2) a higher-order ECS adiabaticity correction factor than was previously available. The final scaling relation, through the incorporation of ortho—para symmetry effects, exhibits two interesting features: (1) the fundamental input to the scaling, used to generate both ortho and para results, consists of only ortho transitions; and (2) these ortho fundamentals divide into two distinct groups — one used to predict only Δ k = 0 transitions and the other only Δ k ▵= 0 transitions. The scaling is tested using “exact” cross sections calculated on a short-range Gordon—Kim potential surface and on a more realistic, longer-range Hartee—Fock surface. Scaling predictions are in very good agreement in the short-range case with the kinetic-energy shift being the only adiabaic correction necessary. In the second, longer-range case, considerably more adiabatic behavior is encountered and the scaling results are in only moderately good agreement even with the incorporation of a higher-order adiabatic correction factor. These two systems serve to illustrate some of the virtues and limitations of the scaling approach.
A COMPARISON OF PLEDGES AND INDEPENDENTS

A systematic attempt to compare the characteristics of college freshmen who pledge and who do not pledge social fraternities. From freshmen entering the University of North Dakota in the fall of 1962 a random sample was drawn and divided into four groups of 46 Ss each: male pledges, male independents, female pledges and female independents. The Ss' responses to several personality inventories and college ability test were analyzed by a 2 times 2 factorial analysis of variance; and to a biographical inventory by use of a 2 times 4 chi-square The results (significant at the 0.05 level or beyond) suggested that (a) pledges are different from those students who do not pledge fraternities on a number of characteristics, values, and expectations, (b) potential pledges participate in more social activities in high school, and (c) pledges had unfulfilled expectation of the role fraternities would play in their academic lives.
Synthetic monthly flow duration curves for the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

A flow duration curve (FDC) provides a valuable planning and management tool since it describes the entire flow regime of a river. Water resource planning in South Africa is often based on monthly river flow data and synthetic FDCs are required for applications in ungauged catchments. The objective of this study was to derive 11 monthly FDC percentile flows and the mean annual flow (MAQ) for catchments in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa using regression equations with readily measureable catchment variables, including vegetation indices from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. An ‘all-models’ approach with 10-fold validation was adopted to identify the ‘best’ regression models. Predictions of percentile flows above the median flow and MAQ were generally good but poor for low flows. Overall predictive uncertainty had a tendency to be larger in drier catchments. The most important predictive variables were catchment mean annual precipitation, physiography and soils. MODIS vegetation indices were significant predictors in equations for 6 percentile flows and MAQ, and predictive uncertainty increased if the MODIS indices were excluded from model development. The regression approach implemented in this study may be appropriate for other regionalisation studies that are based on a small sample of gauged catchments.
Comparison of the Interactions of Transferrin Receptor and Transferrin Receptor 2 with Transferrin and the Hereditary Hemochromatosis Protein HFE

The transferrin receptor (TfR) interacts with two proteins important for iron metabolism, transferrin (Tf) and HFE, the protein mutated in hereditary hemochromatosis. A second receptor for Tf, TfR2, was recently identified and found to be functional for iron uptake in transfected cells (Kawabata, H., Germain, R. S., Vuong, P. T., Nakamaki, T., Said, J. W., and Koeffler, H. P. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 16618-16625). TfR2 has a pattern of expression and regulation that is distinct from TfR, and mutations in TfR2 have been recognized as the cause of a non-HFE linked form of hemochromatosis (Camaschella, C., Roetto, A., Cali, A., De Gobbi, M., Garozzo, G., Carella, M., Majorano, N., Totaro, A., and Gasparini, P. (2000) Nat. Genet. 25, 14-15). To investigate the relationship between TfR, TfR2, Tf, and HFE, we performed a series of binding experiments using soluble forms of these proteins. We find no detectable binding between TfR2 and HFE by co-immunoprecipitation or using a surface plasmon resonance-based assay. The affinity of TfR2 for iron-loaded Tf was determined to be 27 nM, 25-fold lower than the affinity of TfR for Tf. These results imply that HFE regulates Tf-mediated iron uptake only from the classical TfR and that TfR2 does not compete for HFE binding in cells expressing both forms of TfR.
P01-24 Alexithymia and dissociative experiences in a sample of patients with Alcohol Use Disorder

Aims Aims of this study were to investigate alexithymic traits and dissociative experiences in a sample of patients with Alcohol Use Disorders, the significance of this association and the possible correlation with temperamental and character personality traits. Methods Eighty patients with diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder (DSM-IV) were consecutively recruited and assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), to evaluate the alexithymic traits, the Dissociative Experience Scale II (DES II), to investigate the possible presence of dissociative experiences, and the Temperament and Character Inventory - Revised (TCI-R) in order to define a personality profile. Results The mean scores obtained by the experimental group in both the TAS-20 and DES II do not differ from those estimated during the validation procedure. Pearson's linear correlation between scores was found statistically significant (p Conclusions According to some authors substances related disorders could be classified as “disturbs of emotional regulation”, an active process in which neurophysiological, motor-behavioural and cognitive-experiential systems are involved. The lack of connection or an inadequate development of these systems would result in the malfunction of the symbolic function and then in the inability for the subject to contain the tensions generated by internal needs and/or by environmental stimulations. Both alexithymia and dissociation may assume the form of defence mechanisms against the unbearable emotions. Finally, some personality factors may be involved both in the rise of dissociative states and in the alexithymic traits.
A NUCLEAR MATRIX PROTEIN INTERACTS WITH THE PHOSPHORYLATED C-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF RNA POLYMERASE II

Yeast two-hybrid screening has led to the identification of a family of proteins that interact with the repetitive C-terminal repeat domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (A. Yuryev et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:6975-6980, 1996). In addition to serine/arginine-rich SR motifs, the SCAFs (SR-like CTD-associated factors) contain discrete CTD-interacting domains. In this paper, we show that the CTD-interacting domain of SCAF8 specifically binds CTD molecules phosphorylated on serines 2 and 5 of the consensus sequence Tyr1Ser2Pro3Thr4Ser5Pro6Ser7. In addition, we demonstrate that SCAF8 associates with hyperphosphorylated but not with hypophosphorylated RNA polymerase II in vitro and in vivo. This result suggests that SCAF8 is not present in preinitiation complexes but rather associates with elongating RNA polymerase II. Immunolocalization studies show that SCAF8 is present in granular nuclear foci which correspond to sites of active transcription. We also provide evidence that SCAF8 foci are associated with the nuclear matrix. A fraction of these sites overlap with a subset of larger nuclear speckles containing phosphorylated polymerase II. Taken together, our results indicate a possible role for SCAF8 in linking transcription and pre-mRNA processing.
Microchannel plates as detectors and amplifiers of x-ray images

Two decades of development driven largely by military night vision applications has led to the availability of a wide selection of microchannel plates for use by the scientific community. Microchannel plates (MCPs) are electron multipliers which retain a high degree of spatial resolution making it possible to amplify electron images by factors of 1000 or more. Plates having 40 mm diameter and intrinsic spatial resolution of 8 micrometers are readily available. By coating the front surface of a microchannel plate with an x-ray sensitive photocathode material, x-ray images can be detected and amplified. While the detective quantum efficiency is relatively low, the low noise of the MCP (including the ability to construct images by single photon detection) and its high dynamic range make it suitable for some x-ray microscopy applications. The principles of MCP operation and typical performance are discussed. Examples of related applications and commercial capabilities also are presented.
A shape abstraction paradigm for modelling geometry and semantics

The aim of the paper is to propose a unified modelling paradigm for shape analysis and synthesis. It is a result of efforts made for the last few years to understand the meaning of shape and how current geometric modelling systems can represent and manipulate it. The concepts discussed in the first part are further illustrated through the description of two significant applications developed at the Institute for Applied Mathematics.
Noninvasive fluid flow measurements in microfluidic channels with backscatter interferometry

The ability to measure fluid velocity within picoliter volumes or on-chip noninvasively, is important toward fully realizing the potential of microfluidics and micrototal analysis systems, particularly in applications such as micro-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or in metering mixing where the flow rate must be quantified. Additionally, these measurements need to be performed directly on moving fluids in a noninvasive fashion. We presented here the proof of principle experiments showing nonintrusive fluid flow measurements can be accomplished on-chip using a pump and probe configuration with backscattering interferometry. The on-chip interferometric backscatter detector (OCIBD) is based on a fiber-coupled HeNe laser that illuminates a portion of an isotropically etched 40 microm radius channel and a position sensitive transducer to measure fringe pattern shifts. An infrared laser with a mechanical shutter is used to heat a section of a flowing volume and the resulting refractive index (RI) change is detected with the OCIBD downstream as a time-dependent RI perturbation. Fluid velocity is quantified as changes in the phase difference between the shutter signal and the OCIBD detected signal in the Fourier domain. The experiments are performed in the range of 3-6 microL/h with 3sigma detection limits determined to be 0.127 nL/s. Additionally, the RI response of the system is calibrated using temperature changes as well as glycerol solutions.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle

A two-dimensional reattachment nozzle called the Slot Jet Reattachment (SJR) nozzle was designed and built with a zero degree exit angle. The heat transfer characteristics of this submerged nozzle were investigated by varying the Reynolds number, nozzle exit opening, and nozzle to surface spacing. The pressure distribution on the impingement surface for different Reynolds numbers and exit openings were measured. Correlations for location of the maximum local Nusselt number and local Nusselt number distribution along the minor axis of the SJR nozzle were determined. A nondimensional scheme for generalized representation of heat transfer data for two-dimensional separated/reattaching flows was developed. The local and average heat transfer characteristics along the minor axis of the SJR nozzle were compared to a conventional slot jet nozzle under identical flow power condition. The comparison showed that the peak local heat transfer coefficient for the SJR nozzle was 9 percent higher than that for a standard slot jet nozzle, while its average heat transfer coefficient was lower or at best comparable to the slot jet nozzle based on the same averaged area. The net force exerted per unit width by the SJR nozzle flow was 13 times lower than the slot jet nozzle flow under this criterion. Additional experiments were conducted to compare the SJR and slot jet nozzles under matching local peak pressures exerted by the jet flow on the impingement surface. The results indicated 52 percent increase in the peak local heat transfer coefficient, and a maximum enhancement of 35 percent in average heat transfer coefficient for the SJR nozzle over the slot jet nozzle based on the same averaged area under this criterion.
Design criteria for predicting damping in underdamped linear lumped-parameter systems

Simple design criteria that determine whether the modal damping ratios of an underdamped linear lumped-parameter system are greater than, equal to, or less than a given non-negative real scalar are presented. The modal damping ratio expression is an extension of the usual single degree-of-freedom relation. The damping ratio conditions are derived from the modal damping ratio expression and the definiteness of certain combinations of coefficient matrices. An example illustrates how the damping ratio prediction relations are used in design.
Role of LES Augmentation for Early Progressive Disease in GERD and Fundoplication for End-Stage Disease in GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common foregut disorder with two main therapies, medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and surgical therapy with anti-reflux procedures. With experience, it has become evident that a proportion of patients on PPIs will manifest incomplete relief of their symptoms and develop new symptoms, which leads to higher doses of PPIs. The evaluation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) has shown that sphincter failure can be a dynamic failure of a normal sphincter or permanent failure secondary to a structurally damaged sphincter. The progression from a dynamic to a permanent failure is associated with progressive disease. This has led to an evolution in our approach and treatment of patients with GERD. The modern approach to anti-reflux surgery is moving towards utilizing a form of sphincter augmentation for dynamic failure of the sphincter to prevent progressive disease and a fundoplication for patients with complete structural damage of the LES and end-stage disease. Consequently, the availability of both sphincter augmentation and surgical fundoplication requires a more sophisticated approach to GERD. Now more than ever, anti-reflux surgery requires proper patient selection, proper procedure selection, and proper performance of the surgical procedure.
Sugar in erythropoietin: clinical and forensic implications.

Most proteins secreted into the plasma are heavily glycosylated. Complex branched polysaccharides are N -linked to certain asparagine residues and O -linked to certain serine or threonine residues. The carbohydrate content and structure of plasma proteins are important determinants of their half-
Theoretical Calculation of Thermochemistry for Molecules in the Si-P-H System

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been performed on species belonging to the Si-P-H system. These computations have been coupled to a bond additivity correction procedure to obtain heats of formation for 27 species. The Si-P single bond energy was found to be nominally about 300 kJ/mol, which is somewhat weaker than a Si-Si single bond. Multiple bond character in Si-P was found to be relatively weak. 11 refs., 7 tabs.
Efficacy of proximity loggers for detection of contacts between maternal pairs of white‐tailed deer

Contact frequency and duration estimates between individuals are important to understanding the behavioral ecology of wildlife species and the epidemiology of infectious diseases. A new technology uses proximity data loggers to record time and duration of contacts. We conducted an experiment at Sandhill Wildlife Management Area, located near Babcock, Wisconsin (USA) to compare probabilities of detecting intraspecific contacts among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) maternal pairs (dams/fawns) based on detections from proximity loggers deployed on collars versus those obtained from direct observation. We defined 5 discrete probabilities of detection of a contact in terms of P (probability of detection by a single proximity logger) and V (probability of detection by visual observer) and estimated P and V by minimizing the Kullback-Liebler distance between distributions of theoretical probabilities and observed distributions in experimental data. We used parametric jackknifing to estimate means and variances for P and V. Mean estimates of P and V were 0.64 (95% CI ¼ 0.62-0.67) and 0.34 (0.32-0.35), respectively. Estimates of P and V enabled the calculation of the probability that an encounter was undetected by both proximity loggers and the visual observer, which was 0.09 (95% CI ¼ 0.073-0.094). Estimates of P and V provide estimates of nondetection bias for future studies that use proximity loggers to estimate frequencies of encounters and help quantify the usefulness of this technology relative to visual observation. Management concerns such as chronic wasting disease and bovine tuberculosis could be better understood and addressed by using proximity loggers because they are better able to quantify close contact than conventional methods such as radiotelemetry or Global Positioning System telemetry. 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The Incidence, Predictors and Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)

To evaluate rate, recurrence, and predictors of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and impact of endoscopy in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients. This is a cohort study of all patients who received the current-generation continuous-flow HeartMate II LVAD from 2005 to 2013 at our institution. Patients were followed up, and GIB events recorded until death, time of heart transplantation, or end of observation. LVAD was implanted in 112 patients (median age 67 years, 88 % male). A total of 44 patients (39 %) had 74 GIB events occurring at a rate of 42.9 per 100 p-y. Endoscopy was performed in 77 % of patients, and GIB source was identified in 57 % with upper GIB found in almost two-third of cases. Right ventricular dysfunction and post-LVAD ejection fraction >30 % were associated with higher GIB rates. Higher pulsatility index was associated with lower GIB rates. Re-bleeding occurred in 19 (43 %) patients at a rate of 62.5 per 100 p-y and was not affected by endoscopic therapy at the index endoscopy. GIB in LVAD patients is common, occurring primarily in the upper GI tract. Upper endoscopy is the preferred strategy though lower endoscopy is also recommended for a full workup. Endoscopy can identify GIB lesions in about 50 % of patients, but re-bleeding is common. Right ventricular dysfunction and post-LVAD ejection fraction >30 % are associated with higher GIB rates. Higher pulsatility index is associated with lower GIB rates. Reduction in pump speed is a potential strategy for managing and preventing GIB.
A Transcendental Defense of Speciesism

Au-dela du principe de la consideration egale des interets defendu par P. Singer, l'A. examine les autres principes qui motivent la condamnation de toute discrimination humaine et non-humaine, tels que le principe de la copperation dans le domaine de la reproduction sociale.
Air pollution emissions and damages from energy production in the U.S.: 2002–2011

This paper uses air pollution emissions data for the years 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2011 to estimate monetary damages due to air pollution exposure for PM2.5, SO2, NOx, NH3, and VOC from electric power generation, oil and gas extraction, coal mining, and oil refineries. In 2011, damages associated with emissions from these sectors totaled 131 billion dollars (in 2000$), with SO2 emissions from power generation being the largest contributors to social damages. Further, damages have decreased significantly since 2002, even as energy production increased, suggesting that, among other factors, policies that have driven reductions in emissions have reduced damages. The results of this analysis highlight the spatial heterogeneity of the impacts associated with the emissions of a given pollutant. In the past, environmental regulations have assumed that the benefits of air emissions reductions are homogenous across source location. This analysis suggests that policy designs that account for spatial differences in the impacts of air emissions could result in more effective environmental regulation. Accounting for such spatial heterogeneity in the benefits of policies would be akin to accounting for differences in compliances costs across states, which the EPA did when establishing the state emissions standards for the Clean Power Plan rule.
Gravitational and Related Constants for Accurate Space Navigation

Gravitational and Related Constants for Accurate Space Navigation. The paper first compares the Gaussian gravitational constant, k s , and the astronomical unit with the cgs value of G and the meter, showing that the latter two are valueless for heliocentric orbits. For geocentric orbits a quasi-Gaussian geocentric gravitational constant, k e , is determined from the equatorial acceleration of gravity, g e , the equatorial radius, a e , the flattening, f, and the related coefficients, J and K, of the second and fourth harmonics in the potential of the terrestrial ellipsoid, after improved values of these data are ascertained and adopted: $$\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {{g_e} = 9.780,368(1 + g' + \frac{1}{3}f')meters/{{\sec }^2}}&{g' = 0\pm 3 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}}\\ {{a_e} = 6,378,270(1 + a' + \frac{4}{3}f')meters}&{a' = 0\pm 10 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}}\\ {f = + 0.003,367,00 + f'}&{f' = 0\pm 4 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}}\\ {J = + 0.001,638,08 + f'}&{K = + 9.04 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}} \end{array}$$
Totally tubular: virally induced endothelial tube formation

[Comment on Caselli et al, page 2718][1]Using primary human vascular endothelial cells grown on a surface coated with a basement membrane extract, Caselli and coworkers found that infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8, or Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus) induces the formation of
'Takings Reform' and the Process of Legislative Change in a 'National Movement'

In recent years, a push for legislative "reform" of "takings law" to provide greater protection for land owners has been referred to as a national "movement." As evidence of this movement, it is common to note that various types of legislative proposals have been introduced in Congress and in virtually every state, and that many states have adopted some type of reform. This national pattern of legislative action raises specific issues about takings reform. It also raises more general questions concerning how a national movement for reform develops, and how this movement is shaped by the unique circumstances of each state. This Article addresses these two types of questions by considering both the national and South Carolina experiences with takings reform proposals. Part II presents the doctrinal background by summarizing and discussing three "facts of life" concerning the constitutional takings doctrine. Part III provides further understanding of what the national movement means in terms of state legislation by reviewing the response to reform proposals throughout the states. Part IV places the South Carolina experience within this national experience by discussing the takings reform proposals considered by the South Carolina legislature. Part V makes several observations concerning takings reform proposals in general and illustrates these by reference to South Carolina.
The xanthine oxidase activity of rat tissues.

SummaryThe average xanthine oxidase activities in CmmO2/g dry weight/hour for adult rat tissues were: Liver 1862, small intestine 628, spleen 534, lung 479, kidney 135, stomach 42, skin 100-200, brain O, muscle O, testes O. Two-thirds of the total activity in the entire rat was in the liver.Methylene blue added to the Warburg flask in the aerobic determination increased the xanthine oxidase activity in liver, kidney, stomach and small intestine, but not in lung or spleen. Added xanthine oxidase was recovered quantitatively in the presence of lung, spleen and kidney; greater than added amounts of activity were recovered from liver and decreased amounts from small intestine. As the liver xanthine oxidase was depleted by a purified low protein diet, the small intestine lost about 2/3 of its activity, and lung lost about 1/2. Losses from the spleen and kidney were small. The entire rat lost 3/4 or more of its xanthine oxidase activity.
Paleoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities: an overview

Hard substrates, including hardgrounds, cobbles/boulders, and skeletons of organisms, present unique opportunities for the study of community paleoecology and evolution. Because remains of hard substrate encrusting and endolithic organisms are buried or embedded in their life sites, problems of postmortem transport and assemblage mixing, which complicate many paleocommunity studies, are reduced. Thus, hard substrate fossil assemblages permit examination of ecological details, such as spatial distribution, overgrowth competitive interactions, and community succession. This theme issue of PALAIOS encompasses a series of papers on hard substrate paleocommunities and the biotic and physical factors controlling their preservation, ecology, and evolution. Certain of these contributions were first presented at a symposium on this general subject at the Fourth North American Paleontological Convention, held August 13, 1986, in Boulder, Colorado. This paper summarizes the general evolutionary history of hard substrate communities through the Phanerozoic, and reviews some of the factors appearing to have controlled their diversity and structure that are discussed by authors of the present symposium. Obviously there have been major advances in knowledge of hard substrate biotas in the past 15 years, and this research paves the way for broader synthetic studies of paleoecology and evolution of these communities.
Citizen Forums against Technocracy? The Challenge of Science to Democratic Decision Making

Abstract Through a critical consideration of recent proposals urging the use of “citizen forums” or “mini-publics” on issues involving science, this article reflects on the challenge posed to democracy and democratic decision making by the intellectual authority of modern science. Though the danger of a descent into technocracy is real and pressing, arguably the most serious challenge to democracy today, these novel “deliberative democratic” institutions are unpromising as a corrective beyond the local level, and may actually exacerbate the problem. The article concludes with a consideration of alternatives.
Best practices and case study for open source middleware migration: egate to apache camel migration

Many legacy systems use message oriented middleware to communicate between themselves. Message oriented middleware are considered to be the most effective technology for enterprise integration. There are a lot of proprietary middleware solutions in the market that involve huge licensing costs, difficult maintenance procedures and niche skill sets. The usage of open source middleware to replace these proprietary solutions in a cost effective manner is an idea that can now bear fruition due to the relative maturity of such solutions. The use of open source reduces licensing cost, enables the developers to have greater insight into the working of the system and avail of the wide spread community support for such systems. (7 pages)
Economic Impact of Poultry Industry: The Case Study of North Carolina

Abstract The objective of this study is to quantify the economic importance of the poultry industry to the economy of North Carolina. As a first step, an industry survey was conducted to collect production and marketing statistics at the farm and processing levels. In addition, total industry employment, number of contract growers and contract payments, and the intra- and inter- industry flows of goods and services were recorded. Using the survey results, region input/output analysis was performed to estimate the economic impact of the North Carolina poultry industry on total state production, income, and employment. Results show that the poultry industry as a whole supports almost 52,000 jobs and generates almost $1.6 billion in state income. Stated alternatively, the study shows that for every dollar of income earned by poultry processing firms, three dollars are generated across the state's economy, and for every person hired by a poultry processing facility, employment across the state increases by 2.92 persons.
Serotonin type 3-receptor antagonists for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: therapeutically equivalent or meaningfully different?

Before the introduction of serotonin type 3–receptor (5-HT3) antagonists, nausea and vomiting were the most frequently reported and most difficult to manage adverse effects experienced by oncology patients, as well as the most common reasons for noncompliance with cancer treatment regimens.[1][1
An Efficient Method and Procedure for Determining the Incidence of Uncollectable Eggs

Abstract An inexpensive apparatus envolving only sheet metal, wire and s-hooks was designed. The use of this apparatus and procedure described proved to be a fast and efficient method for detection of uncollectable eggs.
‘Call Yourself Cecilia’: Interpellation, Resistance, and the (Re)naming of Sissy Jupe in Hard Times

In Charles Dickens’ novel Hard Times (1854), the educational system functions as an overt Ideological State Apparatus, as evidenced in one particular scene between Sissy Jupe and Mr. Gradgrind. This scene reveals Sissy's initial moment of active resistance to the ideological imperatives surrounding her. Yet, contrary to critical consensus, her resistance is only moderately successful, as instead she is forever bound to two irreducible identities. Further, because the novel was initially serialised, the structure necessitates name repetition. Thus, Sissy/Cecelia cannot be, as critics have claimed, the novel's great figure of resistance; instead, she is conditioned by power structures both within the diegesis of the novel, and by the means of production of writing in the mid-nineteenth century.
REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN 1 (DRP1) AND ITS INFLUENCE ON APOPTOSIS IN BREAST CANCER

Our study examined the regulation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and its influence on apoptosis in breast cancer. Mitochondrial length analyses determined that HTB-22 adenocarcinoma cells displayed fragmented mitochondrial morphology. Western blot analyses of mitochondrial dynamics proteins showed increased endogenous Drp1 and Opa1 expression. This suggests that Drp1 function may be upregulated and/or the balance to fission is lost by the overexpression of Opa1, thus creating a hyper-fused morphology that resembles a pro-fission state. Multiple techniques revealed the majority of Drp1 protein is sequestered in the cytoplasm of these cells. Also, cytochrome c protein expression was predominantly localized to the mitochondria in HTB-22 cells, which upholds a hallmark of cancer, showing apoptotic resistance. To better understand which part of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is impeded in HTB-22 cells, we examined Drp1 regulatory mechanisms. Post-translational modifications of Drp1, such as phosphorylation of serine residue 637, inhibit its translocation to the mitochondria to initiate fission and begin early stages of apoptosis. Our phosphopurification data suggest that HTB-22 cells have increased phosphorylation at Drp1 S637. The negative regulation of Drp1-dependent fission by phosphorylation could be the mechanism by which HTB-22 cells can prohibit mitochondrial membrane changes that subsequently promote apoptosis.
SEeSAW: similarity exploiting storage for accelerating analytics workflows

The key to successful deployment of big data solutions lies in the timely distillation of meaningful information. This is made difficult by the mismatch between volume and velocity of data at scale and challenges posed by disparate speeds of IO, CPU, memory and communication links of data storage and processing systems. Instead of viewing storage as a bottleneck in this pipeline, we believe that storage systems are best positioned to discover and exploit intrinsic data properties to enhance information density of stored data. This has the potential to reduce the amount of new information that needs to be processed by an analytics workflow. Towards exploring this possibility, we propose SEeSAW, a Similarity Exploiting Storage for Accelerating Analytics Workflows that makes similarity a fundamental storage primitive. We show that SEeSAW transparently eliminates the need for applications to process uninformative data, thereby incurring substantially lower costs on IO, memory, computation and communication while speeding up (about 97% as observed in our experiment) the rate at which actionable outcomes can be derived by analyzing data. By increasing capacity of analytics workloads to absorb more data within the same resource envelope, SEeSAW can open up rich opportunities to reap greater benefits from machine and human generated data accumulated from various sources.
How do gender and race/ethnicity influence perceived barriers to help-seeking for substance use problems?

demand for medical certification (% participation) vs. yearly certification cost ($10–150), # physicians visited to get certified (1–15), and delay until getting card (0.5–26 wk). All results reported are significant (p 270 times) vs. moderate (90–270) or infrequent ( 50 yr (L= .55, .36, .29 oz/day). Certified patients have the lowest MJ demand intensity. Patients with slight or moderate pain severity have higher MJ demand intensity than patients with no pain or severe pain. Certification demand is higher for patients with severe pain (UP= card cost, delay until certification), opioid use (UP= card cost, #physicians), and frequentMJ use (UP=#physicians).MJ diversion ismost likely amongpatientswho report cocaineuse. Psychiatric andother medical factors are not related toMJ use, certification, or diversion. Conclusions: MJ use is price-elastic and modulated by MJ-use frequency, age and pain. Certified patients exhibit lower demand. Patients with severe pain, opioid use and frequent MJ use exhibit higher certification demand. MJ diversion potential is related to cocaine use. This knowledge may inform clinical and policy decisions. Financial support: NIH R01DA032678, Joe Young Sr./Helene Lycaki Funds (State of Michigan), Detroit Wayne Mental Health Authority.
A review on the invasion ecology of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii, Caprifoliaceae) a case study of ecological impacts at multiple scales1

Abstract Invasive species are of global importance because of their impacts on ecological communities, habitat structure, native community dynamics, and ecosystem processes and function. Scientists and conservation managers are increasingly focusing on the biological impacts of invasive species and on devising management practices that emphasize the health of ecosystems based on measured biological processes. Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder) is a highly successful invasive shrub in forests of eastern North America. The scientific literature surrounding this species has grown in the past several decades as researchers have investigated L. maackii impacts across multiple ecological scales. In this review we synthesized literature on (a) the key traits related to this species' invasion success, (b) the impacts this invasive species has at various ecological scales, (c) the outcomes of restoration efforts for this species, and (d) the connections of this weed to invasion ecology theories. Lo...
Two Narratives for Business (Chapter 1)

In this chapter, I present two narratives for business: the economistic narrative which is failing and the humanistic narrative which might be one possible alternative.
The retromer complex system in a transgenic mouse model of AD: influence of age

Deficiencies of the retrograde transport mediated by the retromer complex have been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genetic manipulation of retromer modulates brain amyloidosis in Tg2576 mice. However, whether the complex is altered during the development of the AD-like phenotype remains unknown. In this study we assayed the expression levels of the vacuolar sorting protein 35 (VPS35), VPS26, VPS29, and its cargo proteins, cation independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, sortilin-related receptor in brains of Tg2576 and controls at the ages of 3, 8, and 14 months. While cortex showed an age-dependent decrease in all but VPS29, levels of the same proteins in the cerebellum were unchanged at any age. Neuronal cells expressing human amyloid beta precursor protein Swedish mutant had also reduced retromer complex levels. However, incubation with a pharmacological chaperone dose-dependently restored these levels together with a reduction in amyloid beta. Our study is the first to show that in a transgenic mouse model of AD the changes in the expression levels of the retromer complex are age and region dependent, and that the complex is a viable therapeutic target since its deficiency can be restored pharmacologically by a retromer chaperone.
Effects of maternal traumatic distress on family functioning and child mental health: An examination of Southeast Asian refugee families in the U.S.

Abstract Background The psychological effects of trauma are well-documented among refugee adults and children alone, yet less research has attended to the intergenerational transmission of trauma within refugee families. Additionally, there is considerable diversity between refugee populations as well as within-group variation in the experiences and effects of refugee trauma. Objective The current study examines the longitudinal effects of maternal traumatic distress on family functioning and child mental health outcomes among Southeast Asian refugee women and their adolescent children. Given the potential for variation in these effects, we also explore group differences in these relationships by ethnicity and child nativity. Methods Longitudinal data were collected from a random sample of 327 Southeast Asian refugee mothers and their children in the United States. We employed structural equation modeling to examine associations between latent variables representing maternal traumatic distress, family functioning, and child mental health outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms, antisocial and delinquent behavior, and school problems). We then tested for group differences in these associations by ethnicity (Cambodian and Vietnamese subgroups) and child nativity (U.S.-born and foreign-born children). Results We found maternal traumatic distress was indirectly linked to child mental health outcomes, and that child nativity was associated with these paths while ethnicity was not. For foreign-born children, maternal traumatic distress was associated with diminished family functioning a year later, which was associated with increased school problems at the two-year mark. Maternal traumatic distress was indirectly associated with depressive symptoms and antisocial and delinquent behavior, respectively, after accounting for family functioning. For all children, weaker family functioning was significantly associated with poorer mental health. Conclusions Findings suggest that refugee parents’ trauma can adversely affect family relationships and the mental health of children. Interventions that address parental trauma and support intergenerational relationships may enhance mental health within refugee communities for future generations.
Moving beyond silos: professional learning networks in higher education

Abstract Many faculty and staff in higher education have turned to digitally-enhanced professional learning networks (PLNs) as a means for situated learning that can help them grow in their various professional responsibilities. However, there is scant research on what these PLNs mean to the professional lives of higher educators. We report findings of a qualitative study that investigated participants' perspectives on their PLN experiences through analysis of survey data from 151 higher education faculty and professionals. Data analysis suggested that the anytime, anywhere availability of expansive PLNs, and their capacity to respond to educators' diverse interests and needs, fostered new learning experiences. Participants reported that their PLNs supported professional growth, specifically in the areas of teaching and learning. These findings have implications for defining the present and future of faculty learning and development in a digital age.
µ-Opioid receptors inhibit the exercise pressor reflex by closing N-type calcium channels but not by opening GIRK channels in rats.

µ-Opioid G protein-coupled receptors (MOR) interact with ion channels to decrease neuronal excitability. In humans, intrathecal administration of the MOR agonist fentanyl inhibits the exercise pres...
Cytokine-targeting biologics for allergic diseases

Abstract Objective Asthma and allergic diseases continue to increase in prevalence, creating a financial burden on the health care system and affecting the quality of life for those who have these diseases. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the allergic response. Cytokines are proteins with growth, differentiation, and activation functions that regulate and direct the nature of immune responses. Data Sources clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed. Study Selections Relevant clinical trials and recent basic science studies were chosen for discussion. Results Many cytokines have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of the allergic response. Biologics have been and are continuing to be developed that target these molecules for use in patients with asthma and atopic dermatitis where standard treatment options fail. The current state of cytokine-targeting therapies is discussed. Conclusion This review focused on cytokines involved in the allergic response with an emphasis on those for which therapies are being or have been developed.
Diagnostic errors in paediatric cardiac intensive care.

IntroductionDiagnostic errors cause significant patient harm and increase costs. Data characterising such errors in the paediatric cardiac intensive care population are limited. We sought to understand the perceived frequency and types of diagnostic errors in the paediatric cardiac ICU.MethodsPaediatric cardiac ICU practitioners including attending and trainee physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and registered nurses at three North American tertiary cardiac centres were surveyed between October 2014 and January 2015.ResultsThe response rate was 46% (N=200). Most respondents (81%) perceived that diagnostic errors harm patients more than five times per year. More than half (65%) reported that errors permanently harm patients, and up to 18% perceived that diagnostic errors contributed to death or severe permanent harm more than five times per year. Medication side effects and psychiatric conditions were thought to be most commonly misdiagnosed. Physician groups also ranked pulmonary overcirculation and viral illness to be commonly misdiagnosed as bacterial illness. Inadequate care coordination, data assessment, and high clinician workload were cited as contributory factors. Delayed diagnostic studies and interventions related to the severity of the patient’s condition were thought to be the most commonly reported process breakdowns. All surveyed groups ranked improving teamwork and feedback pathways as strategies to explore for preventing future diagnostic errors.ConclusionsPaediatric cardiac intensive care practitioners perceive that diagnostic errors causing permanent harm are common and associated more with systematic and process breakdowns than with cognitive limitations.
Bioethanol production from rice hull and evaluation of the final solid residue

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to produce bioethanol from rice hulls and to evaluate the recovery and potential use of the residue resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis step before fermentation. Acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis were studied for saccharification of polysaccharides. Fermentation was conducted for up to 24 h with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. After process optimization, it was possible to produce >7.0 mg mL−1 of ethanol after only 2 h of reaction. Characterization of the solid residues from the hydrolyzed rice husk and the in natura rice husk showed that these solids have different characteristics and present different adsorption potentials because the residue has higher silica content. The product has potential use in industrial or laboratorial adsorption processes. The results from this study offer support for the potential use of rice husks for bioethanol generation and use the solid residue from hydrolysis for adsorption.