cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Halogenation Generates Effective Modulators of Amyloid-Beta Aggregation and Neurotoxicity

Halogenation of organic compounds plays diverse roles in biochemistry, including selective chemical modification of proteins and improved oral absorption/blood-brain barrier permeability of drug candidates. Moreover, halogenation of aromatic molecules greatly affects aromatic interaction-mediated self-assembly processes, including amyloid fibril formation. Perturbation of the aromatic interaction caused by halogenation of peptide building blocks is known to affect the morphology and other physical properties of the fibrillar structure. Consequently, in this article, we investigated the ability of halogenated ligands to modulate the self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptide/protein. As a model system, we chose amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), which is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, and a novel modulator of Aβ aggregation, erythrosine B (ERB). Considering that four halogen atoms are attached to the xanthene benzoate group in ERB, we hypothesized that halogenation of the xanthene benzoate plays a critical role in modulating Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, we evaluated the modulating capacities of four ERB analogs containing different types and numbers of halogen atoms as well as fluorescein as a negative control. We found that fluorescein is not an effective modulator of Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity. However, halogenation of either the xanthenes or benzoate ring of fluorescein substantially enhanced the inhibitory capacity on Aβ aggregation. Such Aβ aggregation inhibition by ERB analogs except rose bengal correlated well to the inhibition of Aβ cytotoxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that halogenation of aromatic rings substantially enhance inhibitory capacities of small molecules on Aβ-associated neurotoxicity via Aβ aggregation modulation.
Wound irrigation with tap water.

Abstract. Objective: The study hypothesis was that irrigation with tap water is as efficacious as irrigation with sterile saline in removing bacteria from simple lacerations in preparation for wound closure. Methods: The study was conducted in a laboratory rat model previously described in the literature for evaluating wound irrigation techniques. The study used a randomized, blinded crossover design using 10 animals. Two full-thickness skin lacerations were made on each animal and each wound was inoculated with standardized concentrations of a Staphylococcus aureus broth. Wounds were irrigated for 4 minutes with normal saline from a syringe or 4 minutes with tap water from a faucet. Tissue specimens were sampled from each laceration prior to and following irrigation. Bacterial counts per gram of tissue were determined for each specimen and compared pre- and postirrigation. Results: Preirrigation bacterial counts were not significantly different for saline vs tap water specimens. The wounds irrigated with saline had a mean reduction in bacterial count of 54.7% (SD =±28%), while the wounds irrigated with tap water had a mean reduction in bacterial count of 80.6% (SD =±20%) (p < 0.05, 2-tailed, paired t-test). Conclusions: In this animal model, bacterial decontamination of simple lacerations was not compromised, and was actually improved using tap water irrigation. This is most likely due to the mechanical differences in the types of irrigation. In certain instances, such as with upper-extremity lacerations, tap water irrigation would likely be cheaper and less labor-intensive than irrigation with normal saline from a syringe.
Technique to stent the open sternum after cardiac operations

Extreme myocardial edema may preclude sternal closure after a cardiac operation. We describe a technique to stent the sternum open to optimize cardiac function.
Substance-use outcomes at 18 months past baseline: the PROSPER Community-University Partnership Trial.

Background The study’s objective was to examine the effects of “real-world,” community-based implementation of universal preventive interventions selected from a menu, including effects specific to higher- and lower-risk subsamples. Design School districts were selected based on size and location, and then randomly assigned to a control condition or to an experimental condition in a cohort sequential design. Setting/Participants The study included 28 public school districts in Iowa and Pennsylvania that were located in rural towns and small cities, ranging in size from 6975 to 44,510. Sixth and seventh graders in these school districts participated in the study. Intervention Community teams were mobilized; each team implemented one of three evidence-based, family-focused interventions (5 to 12 sessions) and one of three evidence-based school interventions (11 to 15 sessions), for 6th and 7th graders, respectively. Observations showed that interventions were implemented with fidelity. Main Outcome Measures Outcomes included student reports of past month, past year, and lifetime use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, methamphetamines, ecstasy, and inhalants, as well as indices of gateway and illicit substance initiation, at pretest and at a follow-up assessment 18 months later. Results Intent-to-treat analyses demonstrated significant effects on substance initiation (marijuana, inhalants, methamphetamines, ecstasy, gateway index, illicit-use index), as well as past-year use of marijuana and inhalants, with positive trends for all substances measured. For three outcomes, intervention effects were stronger for higher-risk students than lower-risk students. Conclusions Community-based implementation of brief universal interventions designed for general populations has potential for public health impact by reducing substance use among adolescents.
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in MIMO-OFDM with Trellis Exploration Algorithm

In this paper, we propose a multi-layer precoding scheme to reduce PAPR in MIMO-OFDM systems. Specifically, an outer-layer polyphase precoding matrix P is custom designed using the trellis exploration algorithm that was previously applied to the design of spreading sequences for CDMA systems. The algorithm determines the P matrix that results in the minimum aperiodic autocorrelation (and therefore minimum PAPR) among transmitted OFDM data symbols. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed multi-layer precoding scheme can not only significantly lower the PAPR in a MIMO-OFDM, but also well preserve the performance gains that are obtained by inner-layer precoding. Index Terms—PAPR, multi-layer precoding, MIMO-OFDM, trellis exploration algorithm
Real-time low-level simulation of hybrid vehicle systems for hardware-in-the-loop applications

A hardware-in-the-loop test bed allows a designer to evaluate hard-to-model aspects of a system component without having to build a complete system. This paper introduces a dynamic real-time electric vehicle simulator with facilities to evaluate a scaled-down battery pack or a traction motor. Key components, such as the drive motor or battery pack, are interfaced with a desktop computer running a real-time vehicle simulation. This setup allows fast evaluation of drivetrain components, direct testing with predetermined drive cycles, detailed evaluation of operational strategies and tradeoffs, and hardware tests of major components. An interface to a scaled-down battery pack was implemented and evaluated. Results are given for two lithium-ion battery packs run through the simulator.
Two- and Four-Pole Tunable 0.7–1.1-GHz Bandpass-to-Bandstop Filters With Bandwidth Control

Two- and four-pole 0.7-1.1-GHz tunable bandpass-to-bandstop filters with bandwidth control are presented. The bandpass-to-bandstop transformation and the bandwidth control are achieved by adjusting the coupling coefficients in an asymmetrically loaded microstrip resonator. The source/load and input/output coupling coefficients are controlled using an RF microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) switch and a series coupling varactor, respectively. The two- and four-pole filters are built on a Duroid substrate with e r=6.15 and h=25 mil. The tuning for the center frequency and the bandwidth is done using silicon varactor diodes, and RF MEMS switches are used for the bandpass-to-bandstop transformation. In the bandpass mode of the two-pole filter, a center frequency tuning of 0.78-1.10 GHz is achieved with a tunable 1-dB bandwidth of 68-120 MHz at 0.95 GHz. The rejection level of the two-pole bandstop mode is higher than 30 dB. The bandpass mode in the four-pole filter has a center frequency tuning of 0.76-1.08 GHz and a tunable 1-dB bandwidth of 64-115 MHz at 0.94 GHz. The rejection level of the four-pole bandstop mode is larger than 40 dB. The application areas are in wideband cognitive radios under high interference environments.
Enrichment and differential targeting of complexins 3 and 4 in ribbon-containing sensory neurons during zebrafish development

In sensory systems with broad bandwidths, polarized receptor cells utilize highly specialized organelles in their apical and basolateral compartments to transduce and ultimately transmit signals to the rest of the nervous system. While progress has been made in elucidating the assembly of the transduction apparatus, the development of synaptic ribbon-containing terminals remains poorly understood. To begin to delineate the targeting of the exocytotic machinery specifically in ribbon-containing neurons, we have examined the expression of complexins 3 and 4 in the zebrafish visual and acousticolateral systems during the first week of development. We have identified five members of the complexin 3/4 subfamily in zebrafish that show 50 to 75% amino acid identity with mammalian complexins 3 and 4. Utilizing a polyclonal antibody that recognizes all five orthologs, we demonstrate that these proteins are enriched in ribbon-containing sensory neurons. Complexin 3/4 is rapidly targeted to presynaptic terminals in the pineal organ and retina concomitantly with RIBEYE b, a component of ribbons. In hair cells of the inner ear and lateral line, however, complexin 3/4 immunoreactivity clusters on the apical surfaces of hair cells, among their stereocilia, rather than along the basolateral plasma membrane with RIBEYE b. A complexin 4a-specific antibody selectively labels the presynaptic terminals of visual system ribbon-containing neurons. These results provide evidence for the concurrent transport and/or assembly of multiple components of the active zone in developing ribbon terminals. Members of the complexin 3/4 subfamily are enriched in these terminals in the visual system and in hair bundles of the acousticolateral system, suggesting that these proteins are differentially targeted and may have multiple roles in ribbon-containing sensory neurons.
Assimilatory nitrate utilization by bacteria on the West Florida Shelf as determined by stable isotope probing and functional microarray analysis

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) uptake by marine heterotrophic bacteria has important implications for the global nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycles. Bacterial nitrate utilization is more prevalent in the marine environment than traditionally thought, but the taxonomic identity of bacteria that utilize nitrate is difficult to determine using traditional methodologies. 15N-based DNA stable isotope probing was applied to document direct use of nitrate by heterotrophic bacteria on the West Florida Shelf. Seawater was incubated in the presence of 2 μM 15N ammonium or 15N nitrate. DNA was extracted, fractionated via CsCl ultracentrifugation, and each fraction was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. TRFs that exhibited density shifts when compared to controls that had not received 15N amendments were identified by comparison with 16S rRNA gene sequence libraries. Relevant marine proteobacterial lineages, notably T halassobacter and A lteromonadales , displayed evidence of 15N incorporation. RT-PCR and functional gene microarray analysis could not demonstrate the expression of the assimilatory nitrate reductase gene, nasA , but mRNA for dissimilatory pathways, i.e. nirS , nirK , narG , nosZ , napA , and nrfA was detected. These data directly implicate several bacterial populations in nitrate uptake, but suggest a more complex pattern for N flow than traditionally implied.
Does Type of College Affect Students' Task Performance/

People possess social characteristics that determine the type of nteractive contexts they fabricate with others. A process of social orientation preceded this fabrication. The orientation process develops parame ters for social interaction that reflect the status each in teracting person assigns to the other. As a result of the evaluation strategy, each person develops for the other a set of expectations defined by the assigned status of the social characteristic. For example, as a social characteristic, sex has two states: male and female. It is a general observation that men have more opportunities for social interaction than women because it is assumed that men will contribute more to social interaction. Consequently, men are as signed higher status in social interaction, and will, there fore, be expected to be the initiators of social interaction rather than women (2).
Characteristics of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), Infestation and Dispersal in a High-Rise Apartment Building

Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), are a fast-growing urban pest of significant public health importance in the United States and many other countries. Yet, there is very little field research on the ecology of this pest due to its near absence in the United States and most developed nations for several decades. We investigated characteristics of the bed bug infestation and dispersal in a 223-unit high-rise apartment building through visual inspections, intercepting devices, and resident and staff interviews between December 2008 and April 2009. The following results were obtained: 1) 101 apartments (45% of the high-rise building complex) experienced bed bug infestations (within 41 mo of the first confirmed introduction), 2) 78% of the bed bugs trapped were nymphs, 3) an average of six bed bugs were detected dispersing through apartment entry doors every 4 wk, 4) adult bed bugs were 9 times more likely to disperse than nymphs, 5) 53% of apartments adjacent to infested apartments also were infested, and 6) 50% of the interviewed residents who had infestations were unaware of the bed bugs in their apartments. In addition to active dispersal, several passive bed bug dispersal mechanisms were observed: bringing bed bug-infested furniture into the building, travel, resident turnover, resident visits, and use of a bed bug-infested wheelchair in building common areas. These findings validate an urgent need for public education, early detection, and adoption of more effective bed bug monitoring and intervention programs to curb the exploding problem of bed bug infestations.
A duplicate inferior vena cava

A m i t rom the Cardiac Anesthesia Group, Department of Anesthesia and ritical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical chool, Boston, MA. Address reprint requests to Theodore A. Alston, MD, PhD, Departent of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 5 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail: talston@partners.org © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1053-0770/06/2002-0031$32.00/0 doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2005.09.010
Enabling Accurate Node Control in Randomized Duty Cycling Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel duty cycling algorithm for a large-scale dense wireless sensor networks. The proposed algorithm is based on a social behavior of nodes in the sense that individual node's sleep/wakeup decision is influenced by the state of its neighbors. We analyze the behavior of the proposed duty cycling algorithm using a stochastic spatial process. In particular, we consider a geometric form of neighborhood dependence and a reversible Markov chain, and apply this model to analyze the behavior of the duty cycling network. We then identify a set of parameters for the reversible spatial process model, and study the steady state of the network with respect to these parameters. We report that our algorithm is scalable to a large network, and can effectively control the active node density while achieving a small variance. We also report that the social behavior of nodes has interesting and non-obvious impacts on the performance of duty cycling. Finally, we present how to set the parameters of the algorithm to obtain a desirable duty cycling behavior.
Partially Processed pre-rRNA Is Preserved in Association with Processing Components in Nucleolus-derived Foci during Mitosis

Previous studies showed that components implicated in pre-rRNA processing, including U3 small nucleolar (sno)RNA, fibrillarin, nucleolin, and proteins B23 and p52, accumulate in perichromosomal regions and in numerous mitotic cytoplasmic particles, termed nucleolus-derived foci (NDF) between early anaphase and late telophase. The latter structures were analyzed for the presence of pre-rRNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization using probes for segments of pre-rRNA with known half-lives. The NDF did not contain the short-lived 5′-external transcribed spacer (ETS) leader segment upstream from the primary processing site in 47S pre-rRNA. However, the NDF contained sequences from the 5′-ETS core, 18S, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), and 28S segments and also had detectable, but significantly reduced, levels of the 3′-ETS sequence. Northern analyses showed that in mitotic cells, the latter sequences were present predominantly in 45S-46S pre-rRNAs, indicating that high-molecular weight processing intermediates are preserved during mitosis. Two additional essential processing components were also found in the NDF: U8 snoRNA and hPop1 (a protein component of RNase MRP and RNase P). Thus, the NDF appear to be large complexes containing partially processed pre-rRNA associated with processing components in which processing has been significantly suppressed. The NDF may facilitate coordinated assembly of postmitotic nucleoli.
Biomass as an energy source for the midwestern U.S.

Recognition of the environmental costs of fossil fuels coupled with concern over their depletion within the next few decades has broadened the search for alternative energy resources, including biomass energy. Ethanol produced from corn (Zea mays L.) grain currently is the primary form of biomass energy produced in the Midwest, but its net energy balance commonly is negative when corn grain is produced under conventional practices. Reducing fossil fuel inputs, particularly for nitrogen fertilizer, will improve the energy balance, but more substantial improvements involve increased efficiency of ethanol production. An alternate source involves fermentation of crops such as sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.]Moench).Other potential biomass energy resources for the Midwest include oils extracted from seed crops, methane from waste digestion, and combustion, gasification or fermentation of woody and herbaceous crops and crop residues. These resources may serve as an energy supplement or a useful energy source for individual farms, households or rural communities. Biomass energy systems in Midwest agriculture must be evaluated regarding their long term environmental impacts and their sustainability. Externalities that must be considered include surface and ground water pollution, soil erosion, and economic and social benefits to the rural community.
Overview of Cerebrovascular Disease and Stroke Risk Factors

Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA. Many factors can affect an individual’s risk for stroke. Common risk factors for ischemic stroke include age, gender, and ethnicity. Other risk factors for stroke, such as hypertension, high cholesterol, artherosclerosis, and obesity, are influenced by genetics. Genetic syndromes make up about 1 % of this risk. Genetic counseling should include a discussion of manageable environmental risk factors, hereditary factors that can predispose to blood clots, as well as any family history of a Mendelian disorder. This chapter reviews the most common inherited disorders and risk factors.
Conformational Analyses of Glycinal and Alaninal: A Computational Study

We present computational results from detailed gas-phase conformational analyses of the α-substituted aldehydes, glycinal and alaninal. A synplanar conformer of glycinal and a synperiplanar conformer of alaninal in which the C=O and Cα−N bonds are in an eclipsing orientation are found to be lowest in energy; the two amino hydrogen atoms in these conformers are both directed over the Cα−C bond, i.e., in a compact arrangement. For the Group VA analogs, H2P−CH2−CHO and H2P−CH(CH3)−CHO, skew conformers in which the Cα−H and Cα−Me groups, respectively, are in an eclipsing orientation with the C=O bond are found to be lower in energy than the syn(peri)planar conformers. The results of various self-consistent reaction-field calculations suggest that the lowest-energy conformer of glycinal in 1, 2-dichloroethane is still synperiplanar, although the orientation of the amino hydrogen atoms may be different from that in the gas phase. Similar reaction-field calculations for alaninal raise the possibility that in this solvent a skew conformer, in which the Cα−H bond is nearly eclipsing the C=O bond, is energetically competitive with synperiplanar conformers.
Safety, efficiency and learning curves in robotic surgery: a human factors analysis

Expense, efficiency of use, learning curves, workflow integration and an increased prevalence of serious incidents can all be barriers to adoption. We explored an observational approach and initial diagnostics to enhance total system performance in robotic surgery. Eighty-nine robotic surgical cases were observed in multiple operating rooms using two different surgical robots (the S and Si), across several specialties (Urology, Gynecology, and Cardiac Surgery). The main measures were operative duration and rate of flow disruptions—described as ‘deviations from the natural progression of an operation thereby potentially compromising safety or efficiency.’ Contextual parameters collected were surgeon experience level and training, type of surgery, the model of robot and patient factors. Observations were conducted across four operative phases (operating room pre-incision; robot docking; main surgical intervention; post-console). A mean of 9.62 flow disruptions per hour (95 % CI 8.78–10.46) were predominantly caused by coordination, communication, equipment and training problems. Operative duration and flow disruption rate varied with surgeon experience (p = 0.039; p < 0.001, respectively), training cases (p = 0.012; p = 0.007) and surgical type (both p < 0.001). Flow disruption rates in some phases were also sensitive to the robot model and patient characteristics. Flow disruption rate is sensitive to system context and generates improvement diagnostics. Complex surgical robotic equipment increases opportunities for technological failures, increases communication requirements for the whole team, and can reduce the ability to maintain vision in the operative field. These data suggest specific opportunities to reduce the training costs and the learning curve.
Effect of ambient oxygen on cultured endothelial cells from different vascular beds

By the use of production of neutrophil chemoattractant activity as a marker, we investigated the responsiveness of endothelial cells of four different anatomic origins to altered ambient oxygen tension to determine whether genetic or conditioned variation existed. The ability of bovine aortic, bovine pulmonary arterial, bovine coronary arterial, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells incubated in decreased oxygen concentrations to release neutrophil chemoattractant activity was assessed. Bovine aortic, human umbilical vein, and bovine coronary arterial endothelial cells produce neutrophil chemoattractant activity in response to 10 or 3% ambient oxygen in vitro. In contrast, 0% ambient oxygen is required for appearance of neutrophil chemoattractant activity from pulmonary artery endothelial cells. These studies suggest that there may be genetic or conditioned variations in the response of endothelium from different vascular beds to decreased oxygen tensions. Furthermore, endothelial cells may play a role in neutrophil-mediated tissue injury during ischemia.
The Eurozone’s Future: Nominal, Real and Structural Convergence

The future of the Eurozone will be determined by the convergence processes. The recent policy steps restored the nominal convergence as the sine qua non of the effectiveness of the common currency monetary policy. The same steps, however, deepened the real divergence. Structural convergence is then proposed as the answer to this conundrum. The term “structural” is then interpreted as the description of the set of preferences, political, economic, social and legal institutions and the associated policies and decisions. Structural convergence then describes the narrowing of the differencies between the national political, economic, social and legal institutions, which is expected to bring about the similar if not identical economic results as the response to the Europe wide economic policies. However, the subject is far from simple and it would be naive to expect the quick results. History and traditions determine political, economic and structural characteristics of the Eurozone’s member countries. To overcome history is difficult, but not impossible.
Recall of expressed affect during naturalistically observed interpersonal events in those with borderline personality disorder or depressive disorder.

We used the Electronically Activated Recorder to observe 31 individuals with either borderline personality disorder (BPD; n = 20) or a history of a depressive disorder (n = 11). The Electronically Activated Recorder yielded approximately forty-seven 50-second sound clips per day for 3 consecutive days. Recordings were coded for expressed positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), and coder ratings were compared to participants’ reports about their PA and NA during interpersonal events. BPD participants did not differ from participants with depressive disorder in terms of their recalled levels of NA or PA across different types of interpersonal events. However, significant discrepancies between recalled and observed levels of NA and PA were found for BPD participants for all types of interpersonal events. These findings may reflect limitations in the ability of those with BPD to recall their emotional intensity during interpersonal events and may also provide some evidence for emotional invalidation ex...
Generality versus Specificity of Problem Behavior: Psychological and Functional Differences

Data from a longitudinal study of male and female youth were used to examine the association between cumulative levels of delinquency and drug use from early adolescence to young adulthood. Results...
A simultaneous examination of two forms of working memory training: Evidence for near transfer only

The efficacy of working-memory training is a topic of considerable debate, with some studies showing transfer to measures such as fluid intelligence while others have not. We report the results of a study designed to examine two forms of working-memory training, one using a spatial n-back and the other a verbal complex span. Thirty-one undergraduates completed 4 weeks of n-back training and 32 completed 4 weeks of verbal complex span training. We also included two active control groups. One group trained on a non-adaptive version of n-back and the other trained on a real-time strategy video game. All participants completed pre- and post-training measures of a large battery of transfer tasks used to create composite measures of short-term and working memory in both verbal and visuo-spatial domains as well as verbal reasoning and fluid intelligence. We only found clear evidence for near transfer from the spatial n-back training to new forms of n-back, and this was the case for both adaptive and non-adaptive n-back.
Substance P-induced calcium entry in endothelial cells is secondary to depletion of intracellular stores

Substance P (SP) induces an elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in porcine coronary artery endothelial cells by way of Ca2+ influx and release from intracellular stores. We tested the hypothesis that SP-induced Ca2+ influx occurs due to activation of a Ca(2+)-permeable influx pathway coupled to depletion of intracellular stores. With the use of the perforated patch technique and fura 2 microfluorimetry, a fivefold greater increase in [Ca2+]i per unit decrease in membrane potential was obtained in the presence of SP (10 nM) compared with resting state, implying that SP increased Ca2+ conductance. When K+ channels were blocked, SP activated a net inward current with a reversal potential (2.5 +/- 1 mV) not significantly different from that (2 +/- 1 mV) for inward current recorded in response to store depletion by (2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone) (BHQ, 10 microM). Increasing bath [Ca2+] induced a similar shift in reversal potential for SP- and BHQ-induced currents. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (20 microM), applied through the patch pipette, activated an inward current with Ca2+ selectivity similar to SP- and BHQ-activated currents. Dialysis of cells with heparin (5 mg/ml) completely blocked SP-induced inward current but not BHQ-induced current. These results suggest that the SP-induced increase in Ca2+ conductance can be completely explained by activation of a Ca(2+)-permeable influx pathway coupled to depletion of intracellular stores.
On the existence of the hypernucleus6HeΛ

Hypernuclei have been observed for all 2<A⩽9 with the exception ofA=6. The lack of observation of both6HeΛ and6LiΛ implies that the binding energies of these hypernuclei either are negative, or are positive but less than that of5HeΛ so that if formed they decay immediately into5HeΛ + nucleon, or are greater than that of5HeΛ in which case their ultimate observation would be expected. The6HeΛ hypernucleus is analyzed to determine in which of these three regions its binding energy lies. This analysis is carried out under the assumption that6HeΛ is a bound system, Λ + (neutron + α). A variation calculation using phenomenological potentials yields a lower bound of (2.00±0.60) MeV for the total binding energy of6HeΛ. This indicates that both6HeΛ and6LiΛ are unstable against decay into5HeΛ + nucleon and are therefore not expected to be observed.
Resistance and consciousness

This chapter interprets the changing forms of agrarian resistance from the fakirs and farazis of the early colonial period to the naxalites of the post-colonial era with reference to both structures and mentalities. The Barasat revolt and the farazi movement are simply two of the more prominent examples of communitarian resistance in this period inspired by a religious ideology. In the latter half of nineteenth century, peasant resistance in the non-tribal areas forged class identities that emerged from newly reinforced individual rather than pre-existing communitarian rights. The emphasis in colonial tenancy law on individual rights of occupancy appeared to rob peasant resistance in Bengal of the overtly religious communitarian character it had displayed earlier in the nineteenth century. If the transformation of peasants into citizens entails instilling a national view of things in regional minds, this has been achieved by India's national project in the realm of rhetoric but not in reality.
Smart Monte Carlo, Path Integrals, and American Options

In two previous papers we introduced Smart Monte Carlo SMC, more accurate and faster than traditional MC. Here we apply SMC to American Monte Carlo AMC. The main tool is the Feynman-Wiener path integral with a useful binning procedure. We also suggest Prony interpolating functions with regression advantages. We present American put option results. We obtain a smaller price error and a smoother optimal exercise boundary than with standard methods. We comment on multidimensional SMC.
The Shanghai Effect: Do Exports to China Affect Labor Practices in Africa?

Summary To investigate whether Africa’s exports to China influence labor practices in Africa, we reconsider the debate over trade’s influence on regulatory standards in exporting countries. The first generation of trade–regulation scholars asked whether high levels of exports influenced regulatory standards of exporting countries, with inconclusive results. The second generation of scholarship focused not on how much a country exported but to whom it exported, identifying a “California Effect” by which firms and consumers in (mostly developed) importing countries projected their high regulatory standards on less developed export partners. Structural change—especially the rise of China as a major importer—poses a challenge to these optimistic findings. Drawing on insights from the analysis of compositional data, this paper introduces a third generation of trade–regulation research, which suggests examining not only with whom a country trades, but also how the composition of markets in a country’s export basket reshuffles over time. Specifically, we explore the possibility of a “Shanghai Effect” whereby African countries begin to reflect the lower labor standards of China, which has emerged as a major destination for their exports. We show that when a country increases exports to China, the net effect on domestic labor standards depends critically on the labor practices of other export destinations compositionally displaced by China exports. Our analysis of a panel of 49 African countries for the period 1985–2010 produces a small continent-wide estimate of China’s negative influence on African labor practices. In-sample simulation at the country level uncovers a moderate Shanghai Effect for a handful of countries only.
Two new species of Pseudoscopelus (Teleostei: Chiasmodontidae), with a new diagnosis for the genus

Two new species of the deep-sea fish genus Pseudoscopelus are described, P. lavenbergi from the eastern Pacific, and P. bothrorrhinos from the western Pacific and Indian Oceans. A new diagnosis for Pseudoscopelus based on two synapomorphies is proposed: the dorsal margin of the orbit is formed by infraorbital 6; the last pore of the infraorbital canal is on the dorsal edge of the orbit, anterior to the middle of the pupil. Twelve species of the genus are considered valid, with P. microps confirmed as a junior synonym of P. altipinnis, and P. stellatus regarded as species inquerida.
The Search for a Grand Unified Theory of Tort Law.

In Arthur Ripstein's new book "Private Wrongs," he argues that one simple idea accounts for all of tort's rights and remedies: no one is in charge of anyone else. In this review, I argue that Ripstein is wrong about that. I outline his account of tort, and then set out (some of) the details of the doctrine for which he has failed to account. I also argue that the ambition of Ripstein's book is misguided: we ought not expect simple explanations for complicated and contingent institutions, like tort. Nevertheless, I find lots to admire in Ripstein's book, and I recommend it to everyone who is interested in private law.
A resource on latitudinal and altitudinal clines of ecologically relevant phenotypes of the Indian Drosophila

The unique geography of the Indian subcontinent has provided diverse natural environments for a variety of organisms. In this region, many ecological indices such as temperature and humidity vary predictably as a function of both latitude and altitude; these environmental parameters significantly affect fundamental dynamics of natural populations. Indian drosophilids are diverse in their geographic distribution and climate tolerance, possibly as a result of climatic adaptation. These associations with environmental parameters are further reflected in a large number of clines that have been reported for various fitness traits along these geographical ranges. This unique amalgamation of environmental variability and genetic diversity make the subcontinent an ecological laboratory for studying evolution in action. We assembled data collected over the last 20 years on the geographical clines for various phenotypic traits in several species of drosophilids and present a web-resource on Indian-Drosophila ( http://www.indian-drosophila.org/). The clinal data on ecologically relevant phenotypes of Indian drosophilids will be useful in addressing questions related to future challenges in biodiversity and ecosystems in this region.
Development of forward-looking ultrasound transducers for microbubble-aided intravascular ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis

In this paper, we report the development of miniaturized forward-looking transducers for microbubble-mediated intravascular ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis (UET). UET has shown its efficacy for thrombo-occlusive disease by enhancing penetration of thrombolytic drugs into clots, reducing the required dose. In this study, we adopted a previously-developed forward-looking, stacked type transducer for thrombolysis treatment with low dose (approximately 0.4 μg/ml)-recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The 650 kHz-prototype transducer with a concave lens enabled a confined ultrasound beam despite the small aperture (diameter <1.5 mm) with respect to the wavelength (2.2 mm), and peak-negative-pressure of 1.35 MPa with a corresponding mechanical index of 1.67 was achieved. In vitro thrombolysis tests using the developed transducer with microbubble infusion showed that local administration of low dose-recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) results in a two-fold increase in average thrombolytic rate versus without rt-PA.
Vibration Reduction in a Multimass Flexible Rotor Using a Midspan Magnetic Damper

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a magnetic damper on a multimass rotor. A small three mass rotor which would simulate the dynamics of a centrally mounted steam turbine or compressor was built and a magnetic damper placed near the rotor midspan. The magnetic damper was constructed of four separate radially arranged silicon iron magnets with coil windings. A proportional and derivative control circuit was employed to control the damper. The rotor was run at speeds from 0 to 10,000 rpm, through three natural rotor-bearing-support system resonances.
In-between and cross-frequency dependence-based summarization of resting-state fMRI data

Various data summarization approaches which consist of basis transformation and dimension reduction have been commonly used for information retrieval from brain imaging data including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, most approaches do not include frequency variation of the temporal data in the basis transformation. Here we propose a novel approach to incorporate in-between and cross-frequency dependence for summarization of resting-state fMRI data.
Correlation Between 3D ARFI and Quantitative Imaging Metrics from SWEI and Multi-Parametric MRI in Vivo in Normal and Cancerous Prostate Tissue

Prostate lesions and healthy regions from 12 radical prostatectomy patients were identified in acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI), and multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data and confirmed by histopathology. Custom sequencing and processing techniques led to ARFI and SWEI images which demonstrate strong structural concordance. The combination of quantitative metrics from multiple imaging modalities using a principal component binary discriminator improved the diagnostic capability over individual modalities with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve reaching 0.94. The correlations among the separate modality parameters were moderate with R-squared values between 0.47 (ADC and ARFI) and 0.71 (ARFI and SWEI).
Medical student mistreatment: understanding 'public humiliation'.

Introduction: Mistreatment in medical school is an enduring problem in medical education. Little is known about the concept of ‘public humiliation,’ one of the most common forms of mistreatment as ...
Taking the Assets of the Criminal to Compensate Victims of Violence

Over 30 years ago, New York was terrorized by a serial killer, David Berkowitz, immortalized by the media as the “Son of Sam.” By the time Berkowitz was apprehended, publicity about the case had created an enormous monetary value in the rights to his criminal story. New York’s appalled legislature sought to prevent Berkowitz and other criminals from exploiting for profit the tales of their sensational crimes while their victims remained uncompensated. The statute resulting from the legislature’s praiseworthy efforts to strip the criminal of his crime-related profits and compensate the victim was called the “Son of Sam Law.” Its efforts are praiseworthy because criminals should not profit from their violence against victims. And surely victims deserve to be compensated for the damages caused to them by the criminal’s violence.
Measurement properties of hip strength measured by handheld dynamometry: Reliability and validity across the range of motion.

Abstract Objectives Different angles and positions may influence the reliability and validity of hip strength dynamometry. This study examined the reliability and validity of hip strength measured with belt-stabilized handheld dynamometry (HHD) compared to isokinetic dynamometry (IKD) across multiple angles. Design Repeated measures. Setting Biomechanics laboratory. Participants Thirty healthy participants completed 3 sessions. Main outcome measures Hip torque was measured for hip abduction (ABD; −10°, 0°, 20°, and 40°), internal rotation (IR; −30°, −15°, 0°, 15°, and 30°), external rotation (ER; −30°, −15°, 0°, 15°, and 30°), and extension (EXT; −10°, 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°). Results ABD was reliable (no intratester reliability differences p = 0.409–0.997; ICC = 0.624–0.900) and valid (no HHD-IKD difference p = 0.270–0.946; r = 0.556–0.624) measure. IR had questionable reliability (intratester reliability differences p = 0.001–0.043; ICC = 0.682–0.879) and validity (HHD-IKD differences p Conclusions HHD can be an effective tool for measuring strength under certain circumstances; however, IR/ER testing should be used with caution.
Poge the Florentyn: A Sketch of the Life of Poggio Bracciolini

Thanks to his part in the rediscovery of Lucretius in the Renaissance Poggio Bracciolini has been much in academic news recently. But he was always there as a part of the histories of that moment, in all its twists and turns, as an example of what it was to be a Renaissance humanist in the earlier part of the XVth century. He was born in 1380 and educated first in Arezzo. But he soon moved to Florence to become a notary and from his intellectual contacts there a little after 1403 he became a member of the entourage of Pope Benedict IX to remain all his life a member of the Papal court. But, in true humanist fashion, he was busy always with his writings, taking on a range of general subjects, nobility, the vicissitudes of Fortune and many others. Also, again in true humanist fashion, he was often involved in dispute with other scholars, most notably Lorenzo Valla. Yet, amidst all this activity, he had time to travel throughout Europe, scouring libraries to uncover, as with Lucretius, long neglected texts. But perhaps his most notable achievement was the design of a new script, moving away from the less legible texts of medieval copyists to provide one, far easier to read, that was to become the model in Italy for the first printed books – as it is a model still for publishers. Few scholars of that moment can claim to have had so profound and persistent an influence on the spread of culture in Europe and beyond.
Natural History of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Nonoperative Management

The natural history of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury and treatment is unknown. The reasons for the lack of knowledge of PCL natural history include (1) frequent misdiagnosis, (2) confusing results from epidemiological studies in the literature; (3) the lack of long-term, well-designed studies for review; (4) the tendency of PCL injury to rarely occur alone; and (5) the variable interpretation of postinjury problems reported in the literature.
Hip Dysplasia and Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report.

Case A 1-week-old female patient presented to our clinic with bilateral dislocated hips and was subsequently treated in a Pavlik harness. Harness treatment failed requiring a closed reduction and spica cast application. In the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), the patient was found to have a right humerus fracture. Six weeks after cast application, the patient was found to have nondisplaced bilateral femur fractures prompting a genetics evaluation. The patient was subsequently found to have osteogenesis imperfecta type 3. Conclusion Perioperative fractures in pediatric patients should raise suspicion for osteogenesis imperfecta. Early diagnosis can improve the management of hip dysplasia and allow for early bisphosphonate therapy.
Maritime Law and the Environment: Cases and Materials

This draft manuscript contains court cases and other government materials concerning maritime (also known as admiralty law) and the environment.The book addresses the law of the sea (UNCLOS), pollution from ships and other vessels (including oil spills, air pollution, invasive species in ballast water) transport of nuclear materials, managing fisheries. The book also explores issues regarding mining and drilling at sea and the building of sea based wind farms. The book concludes by addressing the duty of states to reduce land based pollution.
Growth in Middle School Students’ Curiosity, Executive Functioning, and Academic Achievement: Results From a Theory-Informed SEL and MBI School Counseling Intervention:

The authors investigated a combined social and emotional learning and mindfulness-based intervention as delivered by school counselors to students in classrooms and their teachers using consultatio...
Some characteristics of hyperglycaemic crisis differ between patients with and without COVID-19 at a safety-net hospital in a cross-sectional study.

To compare patients with DKA, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), or mixed DKA-HHS and COVID-19 [COVID (+)] to COVID-19-negative (−) [COVID (−)] patients with DKA/HHS from a low-income, rac...
Mechanisms of nucleophosmin (NPM)-mediated regulated cell death elucidated by Hsp70 during renal ischemia

Nucleophosmin (NPM), a nucleolar-based protein chaperone, promotes Bax-mediated mitochondrial injury and regulates cell death during acute kidney injury. However, the steps that transform NPM from an essential to a toxic protein during stress are unknown. To localize NPM-mediated events causing regulated cell death during ischemia, wild type (WT) and Hsp70 mutant proteins with characterized intracellular trafficking defects that restrict movement to either the nucleolar region (M45) or cytosol (985A) were expressed in primary murine proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTEC) harvested from Hsp70 null mice. After ischemia in vitro, PTEC survival was significantly improved and apoptosis reduced in rank order by selectively overexpressing WT > M45 > 985A Hsp70 proteins. Only Hsp70 with nuclear access (WT and M45) inhibited T95 NPM phosphorylation responsible for NPM translocation and also reduced cytosolic NPM accumulation. In contrast, WT or 985A > M45 significantly improved survival in Hsp70 null PTEC that expressed a cytosol-restricted NPM mutant, more effectively bound NPM, and also reduced NPM-Bax complex formation required for mitochondrial injury and cell death. Hsp70 knockout prevented the cytoprotective effect of suppressing NPM in ischemic PTEC and also increased cytosolic NPM accumulation after acute renal ischemia in vivo, emphasizing the inhibitory effect of Hsp70 on NPM-mediated toxicity. Distinct cytoprotective mechanisms by wild type and mutant Hsp70 proteins identify dual nuclear and cytosolic events that mediate NPM toxicity during stress-induced apoptosis and are rational targets for therapeutic AKI interventions. Antagonizing these early events in regulated cell death promotes renal cell survival during experimental AKI.