cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
XML query forms (XQForms): declarative specification of XML query interfaces

XQForms is the first generator of Web-based query forms and reports for XML data. XQForms takes as input (i) XML Schemas that model the data to be queried and presented, (ii) declarative specifications, called annotations, of the logic of the query forms and reports that will be generated, and (iii) a set of template presentation libraries. The output is a set of query forms and reports that provide automated query construction and report formatting in order for the end users to query and browse the underlying XML data. Thus XQForms separates content (given by the XML Schema of the data), query form logic (specified by the annotations) and presentation of the forms and reports. The system architecture is modular and consists of four main components: (a) a collection of query form controls that incorporate query capabilities and allow parameter passing from the end users via the form page. A set of query form controls makes up a query form. (b) An annotation scheme for binding these controls to data elements of the XML Schema and for specifying their properties, (c) a compiler for creating the HTML representation of the query forms, and (d) a runtime engine that constructs and executes the queries against the XML data and renders the query results to create the reports. General Terms Design, Standardization, Languages.
Phase II Trial of Infusional Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Mitomycin, and Dipyridamole in Locally Advanced Unresectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: SWOG S9700

Purpose To test the hypothesis that dual biochemical modulation of fluorouracil (FU) in combination with mitomycin improves the survival of patients with pancreas cancer. Patients and Methods Eligibility included stage II or III unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, performance status of 0 to 2, and adequate organ function. Treatment included FU 200 mg/m2/d via continuous intravenous infusion for 4 weeks followed by 1 week of rest; leucovorin 30 mg/m2 administered via intravenous bolus infusion on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, followed by 1 week rest; mitomycin 10 mg/m2 intravenous bolus infusion every 6 weeks for a total of four doses. Dipyridamole 75 mg was administered orally three times daily during the FU administration. Results Fifty patients (median age, 61 years; 23 males, 27 females) with localized unresectable pancreatic cancer were eligible for this trial. Twenty-seven patients survived past 1 year for a 1-year survival probability of 54% (95% CI, 40% to 68%). Overall, the objective response ra...
Information Seeking and Source Availability in Gerontology Research

This paper reports on a study of information seeking and resource availability in the field of gerontology. Thirteen scholars were asked to describe their information seeking behaviour, and subsequent success in acquiring resources to support their teaching and research in this area. Library resources available to these scholars were examined. Findings indicate that scholars rely heavily on available electronic resources. The findings also raise questions regarding how collection development is coordinated for a cross-disciplinary field such as gerontology. Cet article presente une etude sur la recherche d’information et la disponibilite des ressources dans le domaine de la gerontologie. On a demande a treize chercheurs de decrire leur comportement informationnel de recherche et leur succes subsequents a obtenir des ressources pour etayer leurs enseignements et leurs recherches dans ce domaine. Les ressources des bibliotheques disponibles pour ces chercheurs sont examinees. Les resultats indiquent que les chercheurs se referent fortement aux ressources electroniques disponibles. Les resultats…
Psychiatric Nurses’ Beliefs, Attitudes, and Perceived Barriers about Medical Emergency Teams

A literature review of nurses’ attitudes, beliefs, and barriers regarding the medical emergency team (MET) process is limited to medical hospitals. How psychiatric nurses view the MET process and their prior experiences with METs are important because they are often the ones assessing the need for, and then calling, the MET. This article examines psychiatric nurses’ attitudes, beliefs, and barriers toward the MET process in a 310-bed psychiatric hospital that is part of an urban academic medical center. Through the use of key informant interviews, nurses were asked for their feedback and input regarding the current MET practices. The results may be useful in improving the current operating system.
Experimentations on Enhancing Internal Excellence

In the article, the author describes and discusses his experimentations on enhancing internal excellence. The state of chakras has been selected for scrutiny in this investigation. If the chakras are on target, the rest of the system should be equally good. The notion of chakras, or energy channels, is an ancient Indian concept developed thousands of years ago. There are seven chakras, whose state is correlated with energies of the ten fingers. When the appropriate fingers of the right hand and the left both have the correct amount of energy, the associated chakra will be of the correct size and perfectly aligned at the central vertical line. The state of the chakras is influenced by both the physiological and psychoemotional state of the subject and so this is a 2-input 1-output problem. When the emotions come under control - they will with meditation, it will reduce to a 1-input 1-output problem. The selected meditation process should address both the size of all the chakras, and their balance, meaning closeness to the central line.
A Theory of Partisan Sorting and Geographic Polarization: Evidence from a Natural Experiment.∗

Do partisans sort? If so, why? I address both questions in this paper by developing the Migration-Assimilation-Polarization (MAP) theory of partisan sorting which is tested using Hurricane Katrina migration to Houston, Texas as a natural experiment. According to the MAP Theory, conservative flight induced by changes in diversity provides a mechanism for partisan sorting which can at least partially account for trends in geographic polarization. Using a variety of empirical tools including synthetic controls, I demonstrate that Hurricane Katrina migration led to increases in conservative white flight and geographic polarization between Houston and surrounding counties.
Government Regulation and Market Performance—Problems in Research

In relation to the performance of the marketplace, however, we can shed from our concept of regulation such aspects of our national policy as fiscal-monetary policy, price-income policy, policies in our international trade, and others. I would like to focus on three general areas of regulation more closely related to market performance. These are (1) standards of trading, such as weights and measures and corollary regulations of business conduct, (2) antitrust law, including anticompetitive trade practices, and (3) regulation of actual prices or rates, as in public utilities. In a very real sense, all economic activity is affected by government action. Its basic elements-property, contract, and money-are creations of law, and their use depends upon standards set up by government. These standards make for greater confidence (1) in the accuracy of the description of the product and (2) in the integrity of the transaction. In addition to weights and measures, they may include product and grade specifications, assurance of payment, sanitary inspection for wholesomeness of foods, and proscriptions against fraud, deception, and misrepresentation.
A rapid, simplified, and automated procedure to prepare 7α-fluoro-17α-methyl 5α-dihydrotestosterone (F-18 FMDHT) for human use

1657 Objectives The F-18 FMDHT is designed as PET imaging probe to target prostate cancer in humans via the androgen receptors (AR). In the anticipation of performing human studies in near future, we aim to simplify and streamline the production of this radiotracer. The major goal of this study was to introduce an in-line automated formulation system that deliver a sterile filtered product for human use. Methods The F-18 FMDHT was produced using the microwave assisted reaction as described earlier. Briefly, dried F-18 fluoride was dissolved in acetonitrile and transferred to a microwave reaction vessel containing the tosyl precursor. After a 10 min microwave reaction, the reaction mixture was purified using semi-prep HPLC column. The product peak was collected in a dilution vial containing 40mL of sterile water, mixed and loaded on a sep-pak cartridge using an automated valves system. The cartridge was subsequently rinsed with 10 mL of sterile water, and the product eluted from the cartridge using 1 mL ethanol, followed by 9 mL of normal saline. The formulation mixture was passed through a 0.22 µ sterile filter into a sterile product vial. Quality control tests including the identity, radiochemical identity, radiochemical and chemical purity, solvent quantity, sterility and pyrogenicity were performed on each batch to ensure the conformance of FMDHT batches to qualifying criteria of radiotracer for human use. Results The synthesis of F-18 FMDHT took ~45 min, the formulation took 12-15 min. The radiochemical yields ranged between 25-35%. We routinely produce >100 mCi of F-18 FMDHT using this automated module. All FMDHT production samples passed quality control tests including the sterility and apyrogenicity. Conclusions We have assembled an automated synthesis module to routinely produce F-18 FMDHT for human use in quantities that are adequate to perform multiple PET scans from a single production run. Research Support NIH CA 10538
Unique Risks and Clinical Outcomes Associated With Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Enterobacteriaceae in Veterans With Spinal Cord Injury or Disorder: A Case-Case-Control Study

OBJECTIVES To describe the burden of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae in veterans with spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D), to identify risk factors for ESBL acquisition, and to assess impact on clinical outcomes DESIGN Retrospective case-case-control study PATIENTS AND SETTING Veterans with SCI/D and utilization at a Veterans' Affairs medical center from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013. METHODS Patients with a positive culture for ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, or Proteus mirabilis were matched with patients with non-ESBL organisms by organism, facility, and level of care and to uninfected controls by facility and level of care. Inpatients were also matched by time at risk. Univariate and multivariate matched models were assessed for differences in risk factors and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 492 cases (62.6% outpatients) were matched 1:1 with each comparison group. Recent prior use of fluoroquinolones and prior use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins were independently associated with ESBL compared to the non-ESBL group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77-3.84; P<.001 for fluoroquinolones and aOR, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.06-7.25; P<.001 for third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins) and the control group (aOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.29-3.43; P = .003 for fluoroquinolones; and aOR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.56-7.06; P=.002 for third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins). Although there were no differences in mortality rate, the ESBL group had a longer post-culture length of stay (LOS) than the non-ESBL group (incidence rate ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.63; P=.001). CONCLUSIONS All SCI/D patients with ESBL were more likely to have had recent exposure to fluoroquinolones or third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, and hospitalized patients were more likely to have increased post-culture LOS. Programs targeted toward reduced antibiotic use in SCI/D patients may prevent subsequent ESBL acquisition. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:768-776.
Directional spatial frequency analysis of lipid distribution in atherosclerotic plaque

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the growth of fibrous plaques due to the retention of cholesterol and lipids within the artery wall, which can lead to vessel occlusion and cardiac events. One way to evaluate arterial disease is to quantify the amount of lipid present in these plaques, since a higher disease burden is characterized by a higher concentration of lipid. Although therapeutic stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport to reduce cholesterol deposits in plaque has not produced significant results, this may be due to current image analysis methods which use averaging techniques to calculate the total amount of lipid in the plaque without regard to spatial distribution, thereby discarding information that may have significance in marking response to therapy. Here we use Directional Fourier Spatial Frequency (DFSF) analysis to generate a characteristic spatial frequency spectrum for atherosclerotic plaques from C57 Black 6 mice both treated and untreated with a cholesterol scavenging nanoparticle. We then use the Cauchy product of these spectra to classify the images with a support vector machine (SVM). Our results indicate that treated plaque can be distinguished from untreated plaque using this method, where no difference is seen using the spatial averaging method. This work has the potential to increase the effectiveness of current in-vivo methods of plaque detection that also use averaging methods, such as laser speckle imaging and Raman spectroscopy.
Molecular mechanism of formation of cortical opacity in CRYAAN101D transgenic mice.

Purpose The CRYAAN101D transgenic mouse model expressing deamidated αA-crystallin (deamidation at N101 position to D) develops cortical cataract at the age of 7 to 9 months. The present study was carried out to explore the molecular mechanism that leads to the development of cortical opacity in CRYAAN101D lenses. Methods RNA sequence analysis was carried out on 2- and 4-month-old αA-N101D and wild type (WT) lenses. To understand the biologic relevance and function of significantly altered genes, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was done. To elucidate terminal differentiation defects, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses were carried out. Results RNA sequence and IPA data suggested that the genes belonging to gene expression, cellular assembly and organization, and cell cycle and apoptosis networks were altered in N101D lenses. In addition, the tight junction signaling and Rho A signaling were among the top three canonical pathways that were affected in N101D mutant. Immunohistochemical analysis identified a series of terminal differentiation defects in N101D lenses, specifically, increased proliferation and decreased differentiation of lens epithelial cells (LEC) and decreased denucleation of lens fiber cells (LFC). The expression of Rho A was reduced in different-aged N101D lenses, and, conversely, Cdc42 and Rac1 expressions were increased in the N101D mutants. Moreover, earlier in development, the expression of major membrane-bound molecular transporter Na,K-ATPase was drastically reduced in N101D lenses. Conclusions The results suggest that the terminal differentiation defects, specifically, increased proliferation and decreased denucleation are responsible for the development of lens opacity in N101D lenses.
A Soviet Jihad against Hitler: Ishan Babakhan Calls Central Asian Muslims to War

The efforts of the Nazis to appeal to Muslims in the Soviet Union, the Balkans, and elsewhere to join the German orbit are now well known. These efforts sometimes succeeded: in Soviet Crimea, for example, some twenty thousand Tatar Muslims joined the German ranks as volunteers. The simultaneous, large-scale efforts by Stalin’s government to rally Soviet Muslims to the fight against Hitler has gone largely unnoticed, however, perhaps because much of the evidence for these efforts remains buried in Russian and Central Asian archives. Drawing on some of this archival evidence, this paper introduces the Soviet-sponsored jihad against Hitler, and it argues for the revision of common conceptions concerning Islamic institutions and state propaganda in the Soviet Muslim context.
Environmental protection of semiconductor devices

Silicone resins, because of their outstanding electrical properties, excellent moisture resistance and outstanding thermal stability have been used for many years in numerous electrical and electronic applications.
Cloning of resistance gene analog(RGA)from sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam)

Six primer pairs were selected from optimizing sixteen degenerate primer pairs designed based on the conserved motifs within the NBS domain of known R-genes and Medicago truncatula and so on.These primers were used to identify resistance gene analog(RGA)from sweetpotato genome.Three hundred forty-two different sweetpotato RGA(GenBank accession number:DQ903322 to DQ903664)were cloned and showed highly homology(E valuee×10-20) to known R-genes,such as L6,N,RGA1.They were grouped into twenty-two classes based on their similarity by Cluxtalw software.Among three hundred and forty-two RGA,just seven of these sweetpotato RGA were TIR subfamily,and the others belonged to Non-TIR type.9 RGA(the analogs are about 50%-100%)relative to potato nematode resistance gene RGC,were found by using Blastx and DNAman to search sweetpotato RGA clones.
Acquired Inhibitor of Antihemophilic Globulin (Factor VIII) in an Orthopaedic Patient

Elective orthopaedic surgery was performed in a boy with hemophilia A associated with a low titer antihemophilic globulin (Factor VIII). A few weeks later an emergency knee disarticulation had to be performed at a time when the inhibitor titer was elevated to over 1:400. Continuous infusion of massive doses of human antihemophilic factor concentrates during surgery and for several days postoperatively was used to control bleeding. Severe hemolytic anemia due to anti-B in the antihemophilic factor concentrates was detected and was promptly controlled with transfusion of Type 0 Rh negative red blood cells. Hyperfibrinogenemia without clinical complication was observed after the infusion of massive doses of antihemophilic globulin concentrates. Careful evaluation for the presence of a circulating inhibitor to antihemophilic factor prior to undertaking surgery is emphasized.
Effect of Intravaginal Devices and Synovex-H Implants on Feedlot Performance, Cyclic Activity and Reproductive Tract Characteristics of Beef Heifers

Ninety-six yearling Hereford heifers (mean = 232 +/- 3 kg) were stratified on the basis of weight and then allotted randomly within weight groups into 16 pens of six each. Treatments were Hei-Gro (deviced or nondeviced; HG), Synovex-H (implanted or nonimplanted) and location in the feedlot relative to steers (isolated or nonisolated) imposed in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with two replicates. During the growing phase, estrous activity was monitored by weekly rectal palpation of the reproductive tract of three heifers from each pen. Incidence of standing estrus, as determined by daily visual observation, was recorded for the first 21 d of the finishing phase. Heifers implanted with Synovex showed higher (p less than .05) average daily gains and final shrunk weights than nonimplanted heifers during the growing phase. Synovex also resulted in increased (P less than .05) weight gain during the finishing phase and produced heavier (P less than .05) hot carcass weights. HG did not significantly (p less than .05) affect any performance traits reported. Synovex or HG treatments had no effect on estrous activity of the heifers. Location significantly (P = .05) affected estrous activity during the finishing phase. HG caused reproductive tract scarring and infection (P less than .01). Heifers treated with the HG + Synovex combination had more severe (P less than .05) infection than those treated with HG alone. Heifers not isolated from steers had larger (P less than .05) ovaries than isolated heifers, although no difference (P less than .05) was found in ovarian weight.
Effect of Long-Chain Fatty Acids on the Binding of T4 and T3 to Human Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG)

Long-chain free fatty acids (FFA) such as oleic and linoleic acids have been shown to inhibit the binding of T4 to binding proteins in serum (1–3). In a recent report, Chopra and coworkers (4) have presented evidence indicating tht circulating FFA, especially oleic acid, makes an important contribution to thyroid hormone binding inhibitor (THBI) activity found in sera of certain patients with nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI). Although oleic acid and linoleic acid are known to inhibit T4 binding to albumin (5), the effect of FFA on T4 binding to TBG, the major thyroid hormone-binding protein in serum, has not been studied directly. In the present study, we compared the effect of different FFA on the binding of T4 to pure TBG.
Hybrid DGTD method with FDTD/SETD/FETD

The proposed hybrid DGTD method aims to realize hybridization of finite difference method with Cartesian grid, spectral element method with hexahedron elements, and finite element method with tetrahedron elements in time domain based on the DG framework. For homogeneous, smoothly inhomogeneous areas and the perfectly matched layer (PML), finite difference method is employed to improve the computational efficiency, as the staircasing approximation in these areas causes negligible errors and moreover Cartesian grid discretization results in fewer numbers of unknowns with respect to a tetrahedron mesh. For irregular geometries, spectral element or finite element method is utilized by employing unstructured mesh to eliminate the staircasing errors. The proposed hybrid DGTD method divide the original model into FDTD, buffer and SETD/FETD regions. When the buffer and SETD/FETD regions are with large DoFs, they can be further split into multiple subdomains to reduce computational complexity. To improve the time-marching efficiency, the explicit leapfrog (LF) time integration is employed for the FDTD and buffer regions, and an implicit Crank-Nicolson (CN) based time integration is used for the FETD region. For the SETD region both explicit and implicit time integration can apply. Thus, a global implicit-explicit time integration is given for the hybrid method. Numerical results are shown to demonstrate the accuracy and long-time stability of the proposed hybrid method.
Adaptive PCR Based on Hybridization Sensing of Mirror-Image l-DNA.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is dependent on two key hybridization events during each cycle of amplification, primer annealing and product melting. To ensure that these hybridization events occur, current PCR approaches rely on temperature set points and reaction contents that are optimized and maintained using rigid thermal cycling programs and stringent sample preparation procedures. This report describes a fundamentally simpler and more robust PCR design that dynamically controls thermal cycling by more directly monitoring the two key hybridization events during the reaction. This is achieved by optically sensing the annealing and melting of mirror-image l-DNA analogs of the reaction’s primers and targets. Because the properties of l-DNA enantiomers parallel those of natural d-DNAs, the l-DNA reagents indicate the cycling conditions required for effective primer annealing and product melting during each cycle without interfering with the reaction. This hybridization-sensing approach adapts in real t...
Exploring the structural changes on excitation of a luminescent organic bromine-substituted complex by in-house time-resolved pump-probe diffraction.

The structural changes accompanying the excitation of the luminescent dibromobenzene derivative, 1,4-dibromo-2,5-bis(octyloxy)benzene, have been measured by in-house monochromatic time-resolved (TR) diffraction at 90 K. Results show an increment of the very short intermolecular Br•••Br contact distance from 3.290 A to 3.380 A. Calculations show the Br…Br interaction to be strongly repulsive in both the Ground and Excited states but significantly relaxed by the lengthening of the contact distance on excitation. The stability of the crystals is attributed to the many weak C-H···Br and C-H···π intermolecular interactions. The study described is the first practical application of In-House Time-Resolved diffraction, made possible by the continuing increase in the brightness of X-ray sources and the sensitivity of our detectors.
Systemic Immunization for the Induction of IgA Responses

Although immune responses to bacterial polysaccharides are clinically important, the characterization of antibody responses from the point of view of induction, regulation, and isotypic patterns have not been carefully analyzed in humans. In contrast to protein antigens, the antibody response to polysaccharides has traditionally been regarded as thymus-independent (Howard et al. 1971; Fernandez and Moller 1977) although T cells may influence these responses (Baker et al. 1981). A major isotype of anti-polysaccharide antibodies is of the IgM isotype and is clonally restricted as shown by isoelectric focusing analysis (Insel et al. 1985). Proteins, on the other hand, are T cell-dependent antigens and induce immunologic memory with considerably less clonally restricted memory responses, and are largely restricted to the IgG class (Morrow et al. 1981).
PACT: Priority-Aware Phase-Based Cache Tuning for Embedded Systems

Due to the cache's significant impact on an embedded system, much research has focused on cache optimizations, such as reduced energy consumption or improved performance. However, throughout an embedded system's lifetime, the system may have different optimization priorities, due to variable operating conditions and requirements. Variable optimization priorities, embedded systems' stringent design constraints, and the fact that applications typically have execution phases with varying runtime resource requirements, necessitate new robust optimization techniques that can dynamically adapt to different optimization goals. In this paper, we present priority-aware phase-based cache tuning (PACT), which tunes an embedded system's cache at runtime in order to dynamically adhere the cache configurations to varying optimization goals (specifically EDP, energy, and execution time), application execution phases, and operating conditions, while accruing minimal runtime overheads.
Flexible Data Aggregation for Performance Profiling

Almost all performance analysis tools in the HPC space perform some form of aggregation to compute summary information of a series of performance measurements, from summations to more complex operations like histograms. Aggregation not only reduces data volumes and consequently storage space requirements and overheads, but is also crucial to extract insights from recorded measurement data. In current tools, however, most aspects that control the aggregation, such as the data dimensions to be reduced, are hard-coded in the tool for a set of particular use cases identified by the tool developer and cannot be extended or modified by the user. This limits their flexibility and often results in users having to learn and use multiple tools with different aggregation options for their performance analysis needs.We present a novel approach for performance data aggregation based on a flexible key:value data model with user-defined attributes, where users can define custom aggregation schemes in a simple description language. This not only gives users the control to deploy the particular data aggregation they need, but also opens the door for aggregations along application-specific data dimensions that cannot be achieved with traditional profiling tools. We show how our approach can be applied for performance profiling at runtime, cross-process data aggregation, and interactive data analysis and demonstrate its functionality with several case studies driven by real world codes.
Working with and for Animals: Getting the Theoretical Framework Right

Two common approaches to the ethics of animal welfare are profoundly defective. One, an anthropocentric approach that orders forms of life by their likeness to human life, fails to grasp the variet...
All Children Can Play: Prompting and Modeling Procedures to Teach Play to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This chapter discusses many types of play and the importance of teaching play to children with autism spectrum disorder. The chapter specifically defines and presents how to teach exploratory, functional, assistive, cooperative, pretend, sociodramatic, and group play. The difference between play and toy stereotypy is discussed, and the importance of increasing play as a means of decreasing stereotypy is presented. A primer on how to do preference assessments to aid in toy selection is presented. The chapter concludes with prompting and modeling procedures to teach the various types of play in the “How To” section.
The Phase Oscillator Approximation in Neuroscience: An Analytical Framework to Study Coherent Activity in Neural Networks

One of the major challenges in neuroscience today is to understand how coherent activity emerges in neural networks from the interactions between their neurons, as well as its role in normal and pathological brain function. Probably the two most relevant examples of coherent activity in the brain are synchronization and phase-locking. The phase oscillator approximation used in physics and the mathematical models based thereon provide a powerful tool to investigate the biophysical mechanisms underlying these phenomena. In particular, the experimental or numerical determination of the phase–response curve, which derives from the intrinsic properties of a real or a simulated neuron, allows one to greatly simplify the analytical treatment of their dynamics, as well as their computational modeling. In this way, it is possible to predict the existence and stability of phase-locked states and of synchronized assemblies in real and simulated neural networks with electrical or chemical synapses. The phase–response curve also determines the stability of repetitive neuronal firing thereby affecting spike-time reliability and noise-induced synchronization. Moreover, for neurons that fire repetitively, the phase–response curve is directly related to the waveform of the input that most likely precedes an action potential, i.e., to the spike-triggered average, or optimal stimulus. Here, we discuss these phenomena with special emphasis on the implications for neural function.
Disruptive Innovation: An Intellectual History and Directions for Future Research

The concept of disruptive innovation has gained considerable currency among practitioners despite widespread misunderstanding of its core principles. Similarly, foundational research on disruption has elicited frequent citation and vibrant debate in academic circles, but subsequent empirical research has rarely engaged with its key theoretical arguments. This inconsistent reception warrants a thoughtful evaluation of research on disruptive innovation within management and strategy. We trace the theory’s intellectual history, noting how its core principles have been clarified by anomaly‐seeking research. We also trace the theory’s evolution from a technology‐change framework—essentially descriptive and relatively limited in scope—to a more broadly explanatory causal theory of innovation and competitive response. This assessment reveals that our understanding of the phenomenon of disruption has changed as the theory has developed. To reinvigorate academic interest in disruptive innovation, we propose several underexplored topics—response strategies, performance trajectories, and innovation metrics—to guide future research.
A few good swedes: examples of sweding for your consideration

Sweding, a form of parodic low-budget remaking of (mostly) Hollywood films, was introduced to the public in Michel Gondry’s 2008 film Be Kind Rewind. Sweding has been valued in Performance Studies ...
Avoiding a Pitfall in Dynamically Optimized Monte Carlo Method

This paper examines a problem that might occur during the equilibration phase in simulations using the Dynamically Optimized Monte Carlo Method (DOMC) [1], a method for the simulation of anisotropic and inhomogeneous systems such as biological molecules. A criterion to detect the problem is presented along with an extension of DOMC to improve performance of the method during equilibration. The improved DOMC method is shown to perform well on test cases.
A Theory of Service Delivery and Its Application to the Dropout Phenomenon

System dynamics permits one to construct explicit theories or models of sufficient size and complexity to encompass the rich and unwieldy phenomena encountered in psychology and other social and behavioral science disciplines. Moreover, a well-constructed model has the potential to guide practical application of such knowledge. For about 10 years, from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, we and our colleagues had the opportunity to develop several such models aimed at making sense out of some of the more vexing phenomena encountered in the delivery of health and human services.
Intrathecal lidocaine and sufentanil shorten postoperative recovery after outpatient rectal surgery

A short recovery time for same day surgery is important to the patient and the hospital. A prospective, randomized, doubleblinded study in the postanesthetic care unit was designed to compare the recovery time from spinal anesthesia with low-dose intrathecal (IT) lidocaine and sufentanil to that with IT lidocaine alone. The incidence of adverse effects was also assessed. Forty-nine patients (ASA I-III, age 20–69 yr) underwent spinal anesthesia for rectal surgery. The patients were randomized into two groups. One group (n = 28) received low-dose IT lidocaine (15 mg) and sufentanil (10 μg) and the other group (n = 21) received IT lidocaine (SO mg). The time to ambulation, the incidence of pruritus, and other variables were recorded. Statistical difference was assumed if P < 0.05. Our results show a significantly shorter ambulation time (120 ± 26 min) after IT low-dose lidocaine (15 mg) and 10 μg sufentanil vs 50 mg IT lidocaine (162 ± 32 min, P < 0.0001). Patients who received IT lidocaine and sufentanil recovered faster. Fifty percent of the patients who received IT sufentanil suffered from pruritus. IT lidocaine (15 mg) and sufentanil resulted in a shorter time to ambulation compared to IT lidocaine (50 mg) alone and provided excellent anesthesia despite its disadvantage of pruritus.
Help wanted: Health care workers and mental health services. An analysis of six years of community concerns from North Dakota's oil boom residents

Abstract The research exploring the social impacts stemming from rapid growth in oil extraction communities has yielded two viewpoints: one that suggests increased economic development and opportunities and one that indicates social disruption and challenges. It has yet to be determined which hypothesis will be supported by the boomtown residents of western North Dakota. To better understand the extent of change communities in North Dakota have experienced, this article examines concerns derived from community health needs assessment data compiled over a span of six years. Seven community assessment reports are analyzed and aggregated to determine the overall prioritized community needs in the Bakken Formation of western North Dakota. Then, the community member feedback is analyzed using a grounded theory approach to better understand the prioritized needs. The community concerns are one way to understand the impacts of rapid growth and provide a snapshot of the extent of change residents have experienced due to an increase in population, wealth, and development. The community member feedback is used as a starting point to enter the corpus of boomtown literature and adds to our understanding of the social disruption theory. As the priority of concerns fluctuate over the years, the common thread of health care workforce shortage and mental health services remain prominent in rural North Dakota as well as energy extraction communities in America.
Mechanistic Aspects of Morphology

Morphological aspects of electrocrystallization are certainly the most examined aspects of the field. However, most observations are essentially qualitative. This situation originates from two distinct causes: (a) the emphasis on the technological aspect of electrodeposition results in the use of complex (i.e., technologically efficient) systems; the possibility of successfully interpreting those kinds of studies without fundamental background ones is very limited (e.g., the apparent, geometrical current density is usually recorded, and additives, the adsorption characteristics of which are not known, are employed, etc.). (b) The stress on the crystallographic aspects leads to detailed studies of the crystal forms obtained under different conditions rather than the (perhaps more necessary) kinetic observations that would throw light on the mechanistic aspects of crystal growth.
Lower bounds of quantum black-box complexity and degree of approximation polynomials by influence of Boolean variables

We prove that, to compute a Boolean function $f$ on $N$ variables with error probability $\epsilon$, any quantum black-box algorithm has to query at least $\frac{1 - 2\sqrt{\epsilon}}{2} \rho_f N = \frac{1 - 2\sqrt{\epsilon}}{2} \bar{S}_f$ times, where $\rho_f$ is the average influence of variables in $f$, and $\bar{S}_f$ is the average sensitivity. It's interesting to contrast this result with the known lower bound of $\Omega (\sqrt{S_f})$, where $S_f$ is the sensitivity of $f$. This lower bound is tight for some functions. We also show for any polynomial $\tilde{f}$ that approximates $f$ with error probability $\epsilon$, $deg(\tilde{f}) \ge 1/4 (1 - \frac{3 \epsilon}{1 + \epsilon})^2 \rho_f N$. This bound can be better than previous known lower bound of $\Omega(\sqrt{BS_f})$ for some functions. Our technique may be of intest itself: we apply Fourier analysis to functions mapping $\{0, 1\}^N$ to unit vectors in a Hilbert space. From this viewpoint, the state of the quantum computer at step $t$ can be written as $\sum_{s\in \{0, 1\}^N, |s| \le t} \hat{\phi}_s (-1)^ {s \cdot x}$, which is handy for lower bound analysis.
Social closeness revisited in monozygotic and dizygotic twin families: Aunt/uncle-niece/nephew relations

Abstract Twin-family designs estimate genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in observed traits. The children-of-twins design recognizes human monozygotic (MZ) twins share 100% of their segregating genes, making co-twins the “genetic parents” of their nieces/nephews, as well as their aunts/uncles. Human dizygotic (DZ) twins, who share 50% of their segregating genes on average, retain conventional aunt/uncle-niece/nephew relationships. Twin-family methods can assess hypotheses informed by evolutionary reasoning. Hypothesis 1, derived from inclusive fitness theory, was that MZ twin aunts/uncles should express greater social closeness toward nieces/nephews (co-twin's children) than DZ twin aunts/uncles. This hypothesis was confirmed in prior multivariate analyses from a twin-family project. The present analysis, using a larger sample (n = 482twins), and multivariate analyses and structural equation modeling, extended this finding. Multivariate analyses supported hypothesis 2, derived from the concept of paternity uncertainty, that twins with twin sisters should indicate greater social closeness toward nieces/nephews than twins with twin brothers. Structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between zygosity and closeness (a second-order factor containing perceived closeness and current closeness) is mediated by perceived similarity; factors of perceived closeness, current closeness and perceived similarity were generated by factor analysis. Examining evolutionary-psychological hypotheses via behavioral-genetic methodology is encouraged.
Reproductive Justice Disrupted- Mass Incarceration as a Driver of Reproductive Oppression

We describe how mass incarceration directly undermines the core values of reproductive justice and how this affects incarcerated and nonincarcerated women.Mass incarceration, by its very nature, compromises and undermines bodily autonomy and the capacity for incarcerated people to make decisions about their reproductive well-being and bodies; this is done through institutionalized racism and is disproportionately done to the bodies of women of color. This violates the most basic tenets of reproductive justice-the right to have a child, not to have a child, and to parent the children you have with dignity and in safety.By undermining motherhood and safe pregnancy care, denying access to abortion and contraception, and preventing people from parenting their children at all and by doing so in overpoliced, unsafe environments, mass incarceration has become a driver of forms of reproductive oppression for people in prison and jails and in the community.
Hippocampal subregions and networks linked with antidepressant response to electroconvulsive therapy.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been repeatedly linked to hippocampal plasticity. However, it remains unclear what role hippocampal plasticity plays in the antidepressant response to ECT. This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study tracks changes in separate hippocampal subregions and hippocampal networks in patients with depression (n = 44, 23 female) to determine their relationship, if any, with improvement after ECT. Voxelwise analyses were restricted to the hippocampus, amygdala, and parahippocampal cortex, and applied separately for responders and nonresponders to ECT. In analyses of arterial spin-labeled (ASL) MRI, nonresponders exhibited increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in bilateral anterior hippocampus, while responders showed CBF increases in right middle and left posterior hippocampus. In analyses of gray matter volume (GMV) using T1-weighted MRI, GMV increased throughout bilateral hippocampus and surrounding tissue in nonresponders, while responders showed increased GMV in right anterior hippocampus only. Using CBF loci as seed regions, BOLD-fMRI data from healthy controls (n = 36, 19 female) identified spatially separable neurofunctional networks comprised of different brain regions. In graph theory analyses of these networks, functional connectivity within a hippocampus-thalamus-striatum network decreased only in responders after two treatments and after index. In sum, our results suggest that the location of ECT-related plasticity within the hippocampus may differ according to antidepressant outcome, and that larger amounts of hippocampal plasticity may not be conducive to positive antidepressant response. More focused targeting of hippocampal subregions and/or circuits may be a way to improve ECT outcome.
Cumulative prevalence of confirmed maltreatment and foster care placement for US children by race/ethnicity, 2011–2016

Objectives. To estimate the cumulative prevalence of confirmed child maltreatment and foster care placement for US children and changes in prevalence between 2011 and 2016.Methods. We used syntheti...
Burden of genetic testing in an academic biobank by pathological and family history-based criteria in prostate cancer (PCa).

1576Background: Approximately 5% of localized PCa and 12% of metastatic PCa are associated with germline mutations in DNA repair genes. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) issued genet...
A Critical Examination of Length of Stay in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis.

BACKGROUND This study aims to use the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to identify factors associated with extended postoperative length of stay after breast reconstruction with free tissue transfer. METHODS Consecutive cases of breast reconstruction with free tissue transfer were retrieved from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005 to 2017) database using CPT code 19364. Extended length of stay (dependent variable) was defined as greater than 5 days. RESULTS Nine thousand six hundred eighty-six cases were analyzed; extended length of stay was noted in 34 percent. On regression, patient factors independently associated with extended length of stay were body mass index (OR, 1.5; 95 percent CI, 1.2 to 1.9; p < 0.001), diabetes (OR, 1.3; 95 percent CI, 1.1 to 1.6; p = 0.003), and malignancy history (OR, 1.9; 95 percent CI, 1.22 to 3.02; p = 0.005). Operation time greater than 500 minutes (OR, 3; 95 percent CI, 2.73 to 3.28; p < 0.001) and immediate postmastectomy reconstruction (OR, 1.7; 95 percent CI, 1.16 to 2.48; p < 0.001) conferred risk for extended length of stay. Bilateral free tissue transfer was not significant. Operations performed in 2017 were at lower risk (OR, 0.2; 95 percent CI, 0.06 to 0.81; p = 0.02) for extended length of stay. Reoperation is more likely following operative transfusion and bilateral free tissue transfers, but less likely following concurrent alloplasty. Given a known operation time (minutes), postoperative length of stay (days) can be calculated using the following equation: length of stay = 2.559 + 0.003 × operation time. CONCLUSIONS This study characterizes the risks for extended length of stay after free tissue transfer breast reconstruction using a prospective multicenter national database. The result of this study can be used to risk-stratify patients during surgical planning to optimize perioperative decision-making. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, III.
Helium effects on the surface and subsurface evolutions in single-crystalline tungsten

Abstract Tungsten (W) has been perceived as one of the most promising plasma facing materials (PFMs) for future fusion reactors. In the past decade, its behavior under irradiation and helium (He) plasma interaction has been extensively studied. However, some key knowledge gaps still exist, such as the influence of crystallographic orientation on the surface and subsurface evolutions. In this work, we focus on the He ion-beam irradiation damage effects in mirror-polished single-crystalline W samples with three different surface planes of {100}, {110} and {111}. Irradiation was performed at room temperature using 40 keV He+ to a fluence of 1 × 1016/cm2, followed by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) up to ~1920 K. The microstructures of He-irradiated W before and after TDS heat treatment were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Subsurface He bubbles were imaged in all irradiated samples, but newly formed -oriented surface grains and surface blisters were only observed in W {100} and {110} starting orientations. These results reveal that radiation damage, He thermal desorption, and surface/subsurface evolution are all strongly dependent on crystallographic orientation. Underlying physical mechanisms are discussed based on ion channeling effects, He-vacancy interactions, and surface diffusion. These findings provide new insights into He effects in W.
Power and Politics: Do CIOs Have What It Takes to Influence the Executive Team's Commitment to IT Initiatives?

Despite the central role of information technology (IT) in contemporary firms, many Chief Information Officers (CIOs) still lack the influence over their executive teams that is enjoyed by other executives that report to the CEO. In this study, we propose power and political skill are related to the CIO's influence over the executive team's commitment to strategic and technical IT initiatives. We use Multivariate GLM to empirically examine these relationships using data collected from 127 CIOs. The results suggest the CIO's formal position in the firm, the CIO's business and technical knowledge, and the important connections the CIO has established relate to the CIO's influence over the executive team's commitment to IT initiatives. We also found political skill moderates the relationship between the CIO's power and influence over the executive team's commitment to IT initiatives. We discuss the implications of these results for research and practice.