cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PTU-111 A review of chronic hepatitis b virus infection in children in ireland

Introduction Although the majority of children with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remain asymptomatic, serious complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma can occur in later life. Longterm follow up is important to identify these complications early. In Ireland, pregnant women are screened antenatally for HBV. Children born to HBV infected mothers are referred to the Rainbow Clinic. Method Data on all children with chronic HBV infection, attending the Rainbow Clinic from 2002 to 2014, were retrospectively reviewed using a standard data collection sheet. Chronic HBV infection is defined as HBsAg-positivity for greater than 6 months. Children with only one clinic visit or with HIV co-infection were excluded. Results 63 children with chronic HBV infection attended the Rainbow clinic between 2002 and 2014 (age range, 6 months-17 years).6 children were excluded (4 single clinic attendance; 2 HIV co-infection). 34 children (60%) were male. 13 children (23%) with chronic HBV were born in Ireland. The majority (44, 77%) were children immigrating to Ireland from overseas: Africa, 16; Central Asia, 14; Eastern Europe, 7; Unknown, 7. HBV was acquired vertically in 35 (61%) children and horizontally in 2. Parental HBV status was unknown in 22 children (15 adoptees).19 children had siblings with chronic HBV infection. 9 of 13 (69%) children born in Ireland received recommended prophylactic IVIG and HBV vaccine at birth. 4 (31%) received no prophylaxis. Birth details from children born outside of Ireland show suboptimal post natal prophylaxis in all: 13 of 16 received no prophylaxis and 3 received HBV vaccine alone. All 57 children had biochemistry performed twice a year. Abdominal ultrasound scans (USS) were performed in 49 children (86%).5 had abnormal USS (coarse echogenicity, 3; splenomegaly, 2). Liver biopsy was performed in 4 children with elevated ALT and high HBV VL. Biopsies showed fibrosis (3) or minimal inflammation (1). USS was normal in 3 of the 4 cases with abnormal biopsy. 3 children received antivirals (3TC) for fibrosis (2) and to reduce risk of transmission (1). Conclusion Immigration to Ireland accounts for the majority of paediatric HBV infection in this country. The majority of chronic HBV infection in children results from vertical transmission. Failure of postnatal prophylaxis remains a significant problem. Available evidence shows that 100% of foreign-born and 30% of Irish-born children with chronic HBV did not received recommended IVIG and vaccine prophylaxis. 4 children (7%) developed complications of chronic HBV. The need for improved diagnostic tools to identify children at risk of complicated HBV liver disease is again evidenced by failure of USS to identify those children with biopsy-proven abnormalities. Disclosure of interest None Declared.
Effects of chlorpromazine on glutamate dehydrogenase.

Certain drugs which affect behavior, such as chlorpromazine, desipramine, imipramine, and amitriptyline, are inhibitors of glutamate dehydrogenase (EC [1.4.1.3][1]). Of this group, chlorpromazine was found to be the most potent inhibitor. Chlorpromazine inhibits reactions with DPNH more than TPNH, mainly by increasing substrate inhibition with DPNH. Chlorpromazine has no effect on the reverse reaction with DPN and glutamate. This drug is not a competitive inhibitor of the coenzymes or substrates of the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction. The effect of chlorpromazine is almost completely abolished by ADP and GTP, but not ATP. These results suggest that chlorpromazine is bound to an allosteric site on the enzyme. Like GTP, chlorpromazine in the presence of DPNH produces dissociation of the enzyme. Chlorpromazine does not inhibit glutamine synthetase (EC [6.3.1.2][1]) or the mitochondrial glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (EC [2.6.1.1][1]). On the basis of these results it seems likely that the inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by chlorpromazine could increase brain levels of glutamine in the presence of high levels of ATP and DPNH. When the levels of ADP and DPN are high chlorpromazine has little effect on glutamate dehydrogenase. Since the levels of glutamate dehydrogenase are high in brain, liver, and kidney mitochondria, and since many compounds of diverse structures are bound to glutamate dehydrogenase, this enzyme could possibly play a role in binding and consequently concentrating some drugs in the mitochondria. The kinetic properties of bovine heart, brain, and adrenal medulla glutamate dehydrogenase were found to be identical with those of the liver enzyme. These plus other experiments indicate that this enzyme is similar in these bovine organs. Similarly, the kinetic properties of bovine brain mitochondrial glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase are identical with those of the liver enzyme. [1]: pending:yes
Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type 1 Caused by Mutations in CYP27B1 Affecting Protein Interactions With Adrenodoxin

Context: CYP27B1 converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, playing a vital role in calcium homeostasis and bone growth. Vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 (VDDR-1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in CYP27B1. Objective: The objective of the study was an enzymatic and structural analysis of mutations in a patient with calcipenic rickets. Design, Setting, Patient, and Intervention: Two siblings presented with calcipenic rickets and normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels. CYP27B1 gene analysis showed compound heterozygous mutations confirming VDDR-1. We studied wild-type CYP27B1 and mutations H441Y and R459L by computational homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and functional studies using a luciferase assay. The patients were successfully treated with calcitriol. Main Outcome: The main outcomes of the study were novel mutations leading to a severe loss of CYP27B1 activities for metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Results: Mitochondrial cytochro...
A (dis)Assemblage of the Gallery-Growlery

A (dis)ASSEMBLAGE OF THE GALLERY-GROWLERY By Levester Williams, MFA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016 Major Director: Kendall Buster, Associate Professor, Sculpture and Extended Media A (dis)Assemblage of the Gallery-Growlery exhibition and writing presents itself as a site of a morphological exploration of language, sound, and objects in tandem with the irreducibly venting black expression. Venting, the black expression never seeks wholeness within objects or language itself for it is a thing-in-itself. Its presence affords critical reception to a residue of delimiting forms. All growls eschew verbal objects for the manifestation of pure phonetics. A growl in a gallery is the growl. The growl resounds through the physicality of the objects and gallery. Also, it unwinds the object-among-objects as the phono-present stretches the discursive and existential limits of the Fanonian phenomenon. Hence, the contention and conjunction between physicality and acoustics—the visual and sonic—is the gallery-growlery.
Adapting Time and Place: Avant-Garde Storytelling and Immersive Theater

In 2011, the Punchdrunk Theater Company brought its intriguing “immersive theater” mash-up of Macbeth and film noir to Chelsea warehouses in NYC. Supporting the show’s attempt to create a holistic mood that goes beyond a traditional performance “stage,” “SLEEP NO MORE” is inscribed on the sidewalk yards away from the entrance to “The McKittrick,” which is the character of the dormant hotel in which the show takes place (Figure 7.1).
Journey of the Magi: A Fable of Commentary: With a Second Coming to the Inexhaustible

Journey of the Magi (1927) is the first of Eliot’s Ariel Poems, published the same year as he was baptized and confirmed in the Church of England. It shows the profound influence of the seventeenth-century churchman Lancelot Andrewes. The account of a journey (that is actually a “journey to Understanding,” which is the first Christmas, at which point all time changed), this supposedly straightforward poem begins puzzlingly with a (modified) quotation from Bishop Andrewes that thus fractures the time-frame of the Magus’s account. The words from Andrewes, though offered as a quotation, are changed to reveal an unreliable voice different from the Magus who then speaks, affected and changed by what he has seen. In reporting and emphasizing the difficulties encountered, the Magus reveals the (difficult) way of Christianity itself.
A Treatment Algorithm for Correcting Extensor Lag in Vascularized Toe Proximal Interphalangeal Joint to Finger Transfers

Introduction: To improve the arc of motion (AOM) and reduce the extension lag of vascularized toe proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) transfers, simultaneous reconstruction of the extensor mechan...
GENERAL THEORY OF SPATIAL CRIME PATTERNS

I propose a general theory for examining the spatial distribution of crime by specifically addressing and estimating the spatial distribution of the residences of offenders, targets, guardians, and their respective expected movement patterns across space and time. The model combines information on the locations of persons, typical spatial movement patterns, and situational characteristics of locations to create estimates of crime potential at various locations at various points in time and makes four key contributions. First, the equations make the ideas involved in the theory explicit, and they highlight points at which our current state of empirical evidence is lacking. Second, by creating measures of spatial “potentials” of offenders, targets, and guardians, this theory provides a precise grounding for operationalizing spatial effects in studies of place and crime. Third, the equations provide an explicit consideration of offenders and where they might travel and, therefore, incorporates offenders into crime-and-place research. Fourth, these equations suggest ways that researchers could use simulations to predict stable patterns, as well as changes, in the levels of crime at both micro and macro scales. Finally, I provide an empirical demonstration of the added explanatory power provided by the theory to a study of place and crime.
Titanium in 1975

A summary of the symposium presented by the Titanium Research Com mittee at the 1961 Fall Meeting of The Metallurgical Society.
Molecular dynamics studies of the size, shape, and internal structure of 0% and 90% acetylated fifth-generation polyamidoamine dendrimers in water and methanol.

We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of 0% and 90% acetylated fifth-generation (G5) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in water and methanol and obtained radii of gyration of 2.51−2.57 and 2.11−2.33 nm, respectively, similar to those measured experimentally in methanol by Prosa et al. (J. Polym. Sci. 1997, 35, 2913−2924) and in water by Choi et al. (Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 391−397). Calculation of the moments of inertia and the relative shape anisotropy show that both 0% and 90% acetylated G5 are modestly ellipsoidal. The distribution of branch points relative to the center of the dendrimer and penetration of solvent show that the core and surface of the dendrimer are more exposed to water than is the region between the core and the surface due to the interactions between monomers, including hydrogen bonds that rapidly break and re-form as solvent molecules compete for hydrogen-bonding sites on the monomers. The water and methanol solvents seem to produce similar numbers of hydrogen bond interactio...
Association between survival time with metastatic breast cancer and aggressive end-of-life care.

For women with stage IV breast cancer (BC), the association between survival time (ST) and use of aggressive end-of-life (EOL) care is unknown. We used the SEER-Medicare database to identify women with stage IV BC diagnosed 2002–2011 who died by 12/31/2012. Aggressive EOL care was defined as receipt in the last month of life: >1 ED visit, >1 hospitalization, ICU admission, life-extending procedures, hospice admission within 3 days of death, IV chemotherapy within 14 days of death, and/or ≥10 unique physician encounters in the last 6 months of life. Receipt of aggressive EOL care and hospice in the last month of life were determined using claims, and multivariable analysis was used to identify factors associated with receipt. Costs of care were also evaluated. We identified 4521 eligible patients. Of these, 2748 (60.8%) received aggressive EOL care. Factors associated with aggressive EOL care were race (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.19–1.81 for blacks compared to whites) and more frequent oncology office visits (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.28–1.90). Patients who lived >12 months after diagnosis were less likely to receive aggressive EOL care (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.38–0.52), and more likely to utilize hospice (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.21–1.69) compared to patients who lived ≤6 months. Patients with a shorter ST had significantly higher costs of care per-month-alive compared to patients with longer ST. Patients with a shorter ST were more likely to receive aggressive EOL care and had higher costs of care compared to patients who lived longer.
Psychoanalytic, Psychodynamic, Cognitive Behavior, and Behavior

Psychoanalysis and behaviorism can be compared in many different ways. In these remarks, I will confine myself to their relationship as methods of therapy.
AIRA: A Framework for Flexible Compute Kernel Execution in Heterogeneous Platforms

Heterogeneous-ISA computing platforms have become ubiquitous, and will be used for diverse workloads which render static mappings of computation to processors inadequate. Dynamic mappings which adjust an application's usage in consideration of platform workload can reduce application latency and increase throughput for heterogeneous platforms. We introduce AIRA, a compiler and runtime for flexible execution of applications in CPU-GPU platforms. Using AIRA, we demonstrate up to a 3.78x speedup in benchmarks from Rodinia and Parboil, run with various workloads on a server-class platform. Additionally, AIRA is able to extract up to an 87 percent increase in platform throughput over a static mapping.
Social Media in State Politics: Mining Policy Agendas Topics

Twitter is a popular online microblogging service that has become widely used by politicians to communicate with their constituents. Gaining understanding of the influence of Twitter in state politics in the United States cannot be achieved without proper computational tools. We present the first attempt to automatically classify tweets of state legislatures (policy makers at the state level) into major policy agenda topics defined by Policy Agendas Project (PAP), which was initiated to group national policies. We investigated the effectiveness of three popular machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM). We proposed a new synthetic data augmentation method to further improve classification performance. Our experimental results show that CNN provides the best F1 score of 78.3%. The new data augmentation method improves the classification perfromance by about 2%. Our tool provides a good prediction of the top three popular PAP topics in each month, which is useful for tracking popular PAP topics over time and across states and for comparing with national policy agendas.
Visualization, Assessment and Analytics in Data Structures Learning Modules

In recent years, interactive textbooks have gained prominence in an effort to overcome student reluctance to routinely read textbooks, complete assigned homeworks, and to better engage students to keep up with lecture content. Interactive textbooks are more structured, contain smaller amounts of textual material, and integrate media and assessment content. While these are an arguable improvement over traditional methods of teaching, issues of academic integrity and engagement remain. In this work we demonstrate preliminary work on building interactive teaching modules for data structures and algorithms courses with the following characteristics, (1) the modules are highly visual and interactive, (2) training and assessment are tightly integrated within the same module, with sufficient variability in the exercises to make it next to impossible to violate academic integrity, (3) a data logging and analytic system that provides instantaneous student feedback and assessment, and (4) an interactive visual analytic system for the instructor to see students/ performance at the individual, sub-group or class level, allowing timely intervention and support for selected students. Our modules are designed to work within the infrastructure of the OpenDSA system, which will promote rapid dissemination to an existing user base of CS educators. We demonstrate a prototype system using an example dataset.
Scaling Up: Can the IAEA Safeguard More Nuclear Materials in More States?

Scaling up processes in chemistry, engineering, and computer programming provides lessons for how public organizations might cope with increased mandates. In all of these fields, processes that work at a smaller scale may only be able to increase up to a choke point. After the choke point, the processes could risk catastrophic failure because new interactions not visible at smaller levels of production can have massive consequences at larger levels. The International Atomic Energy Agency’s safeguards programs offer an interesting test case for applying notions of scalability to public organizations. Scalability analysis shows that the agency must do more than simply increase its budget in order to keep up with an expanding workload.
Experiences and Opportunities in Vertical Migration of Function

This paper focuses on the characteristics of functions in large computing systems that are evaluated in the determination of function placement and selection of implementation media, i.e. software, microcode or hardware. It provides a basic understanding of the tradeoffs of some actual implementations of migrated software functions into microcode and hardware. Further the paper evaluates some future opportunities for significant restructure and function migration in large commercial systems.
The Self-Efficacy of Certified Athletic Trainers in Assessing and Managing Sport-Related Concussions

Context: Diagnostic and return-to-play assessments of athletes with sport-related concussions (SRCs) have changed dramatically over the past decade. Currently, SRC assessment and management has ta...
Using applied cognitive load theory and difficulty analysis for educational game design for understanding and transference of literacy skills in adults

Using the adult literacy game Codex: The Lost Words of Atlantis, an XPRIZE grand prize winner, as a development test, this article establishes a data-informed design process using gameplay curve analysis to control difficulty and increase accessibility to the target audiences of educational games. The process uses guidelines based in Cognitive Load Theory and fundamental digital game design principles of flow, skill progression, interest curves, and pacing to calculate and analyze the baseline curve of existing gameplay. Based on this analysis, sections are targeted for replacement or adjustment, and run through stages of design and review against the initial goals in iterative loops until passing on to final implementation. Given known variables of target audience skill, quantifiable difficulty measurements for existing gameplay, and the desired skills taught and tested, designers can use this process to analyze and adjust gameplay for increased accessibility. By controlling the difficulty of gameplay, designers ensure that players are able to learn and practice skills adequately, laying the foundation for further in-game and real-world challenges. While this article focuses on educational games and adult literacy, this process is broadly applicable to any educational or entertainment games that desire greater control over gameplay curve progression.
‘En nous humblement requerant’: Crime Narrations and Rhetorical Strategies in Late Medieval Pardon Letters

The charters of pardon or ‘remission letters’ granted by the king of France and the duke of Burgundy in the late Middle Ages have often been interpreted as a valuable source material to access to the lives, memories, and even the ‘voices’ of the ordinary people who did not produce any other writing. The preamble of each letter was indeed a copy of the supplication submitted by the future pardon beneficiary, in which he narrated his crime and begged for the sovereign’s mercy. However, as with many other documents preserved in court and chancery records, remission letters engage historians with a series of methodological questions due to the nature of the documents and the context in which they were produced. Because they hoped to be granted the monarch’s mercy, petitioners used a series of legal and rhetorical techniques to describe themselves and elaborate their narrations, following the advice of the clerks and lawyers who helped them to compose their petitions. This article explores some of these strategies used by French and Burgundian pardon beneficiaries and compares them to those found in English petitions for pardon. It argues that rather than being considered as an obstacle to accessing to the truth behind the sources, these strategies should be analysed as the testimony of the legal and administrative practices of the time.
Dementia assessment and management in primary care settings: a survey of current provider practices in the United States

Primary care providers (PCPs) are typically the first to screen and evaluate patients for neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), including mild cognitive impairment and dementia. However, data on PCP attitudes and evaluation and management practices are sparse. Our objective was to quantify perspectives and behaviors of PCPs and neurologists with respect to NCD evaluation and management. A cross-sectional survey with 150 PCPs and 50 neurologists in the United States who evaluated more than 10 patients over age 55 per month. The 51-item survey assessed clinical practice characteristics, and confidence, perceived barriers, and typical practices when diagnosing and managing patients with NCDs. PCPs and neurologists reported similar confidence and approaches to general medical care and laboratory testing. Though over half of PCPs performed cognitive screening or referred patients for cognitive testing in over 50% of their patients, only 20% reported high confidence in interpreting results of cognitive tests. PCPs were more likely to order CT scans than MRIs, and only 14% of PCPs reported high confidence interpreting brain imaging findings, compared to 70% of specialists. Only 21% of PCPs were highly confident that they correctly recognized when a patient had an NCD, and only 13% were highly confident in making a specific NCD diagnosis (compared to 72 and 44% for neurologists, both p < 0.001). A quarter of all providers identified lack of familiarity with diagnostic criteria for NCD syndromes as a barrier to clinical practice. This study demonstrates how PCPs approach diagnosis and management of patients with NCDs, and identified areas for improvement in regards to cognitive testing and neuroimaging. This study also identified all providers’ lack of familiarity with published diagnostic criteria for NCD syndromes. These findings may inform the development of new policies and interventions to help providers improve the efficacy of their decision processes and deliver better quality care to patients with NCDs.
Blowing the lid off: an analysis of interior cigarette pack features and marketing strategies

In the face of increasingly restrictive policies regulating how cigarette companies can advertise, the pack itself has become one of the industry’s primary promotional tools.1 2 A large body of research demonstrates that pack features, such as size, colour and descriptors, can implicitly communicate product information and influence perceptions of taste, smoking experience and health risks.1 3 4 To date, 13 countries have fully implemented ‘plain packaging’ laws to reduce the attractiveness of cigarettes, but millions around the globe are still exposed to packaging elements that may increase consumer demand. While exterior pack characteristics and their impact on product appeal have been studied previously,4 the ways in which the tobacco industry may leverage pack interiors to communicate with smokers remain obscure. Prior research has documented the ubiquity of branding on the cigarette itself—another form of marketing ‘real estate’ …
Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer

This article takes the reader from colorectal lumen to the intracellular environment in an effort to explain the processes of tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. The molecular changes seen in colorectal cancer development also are discussed, along with the potential for genetic manipulation and diagnostic molecular techniques. An era of major advances in understanding the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer has begun.
Social identity and contamination: Young children are more willing to eat native contaminated foods

Abstract Ingesting dangerous substances can lead to illness, or even death, meaning that it is critical for humans to learn how to avoid potentially dangerous foods. However, young children are notoriously bad at choosing foods; they are willing to put nonfoods and disgust elicitors into their mouths. Because food choice is inherently social, we hypothesized that social learning and contamination might separately influence children’s decisions about whether to eat or avoid a food. Here, we asked how children reason about foods that are contaminated by someone from within versus outside their culture. We presented 3- to 11-year-olds (N = 534) with videos of native and foreign speakers eating snacks. In Studies 1a and 1b, one speaker contaminated her food and the other did not, and we asked children (a) which food they would prefer to eat, (b) how germy each food was, and (c) which food would make them sick. Although children rated the contaminated food as germier regardless of whether it was contaminated by a foreign speaker (Study 1a) or by a native speaker (Study 1b), children were more likely to report that they would avoid eating foreign contaminated food compared with native contaminated food. In Study 2, we used a non-forced-choice method and found converging evidence that children attend to both culture and contamination when making food choices but that with age they place more weight on contamination status.
Effect of Excitation Signal Frequency on the Electrical Response of a MWCNT/HEC Composite Based Humidity Sensor

A printed flexible humidity sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) composite was fabricated for humidity sensing applications. The electrical response (resistance and impedance) of the sensor was investigated as a function of excitation signal frequency for optimizing the sensor performance, in terms of sensitivity. The MWCNT/HEC composite was gravure printed as the sensing layer on a flexible polyimide substrate. Silver based interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) were then screen printed on top of the sensing layer. The resistance and impedance responses of the sensor was measured for varying relative humidity (RH) (20% RH to 60% RH, increased in steps of 10% RH)) and for different excitation signal frequencies ranging from 0.1 kHz to 80 kHz. It was observed that the overall sensitivity for resistance and impedance response decreased by 79% and 60%, as the excitation signal frequency was increased from 0.1 kHz to 80 kHz, respectively. In addition, variations in resistance and impedance response increased by 70% and 63% as the excitation signal frequency was increased from 0.1 kHz to 80 kHz, respectively. The results demonstrated that the 1 kHz excitation signal frequency was the optimum frequency for measuring the resistive and impedance responses of the humidity sensor to obtain high sensitivity with high repeatability.
Critical harmony: A goal for deliberative civic education

This paper makes the case for including critical harmony as a complement to justice within civic education. The concept of harmony is significant for civic education because it acknowledges the cru...
The Right to Food

In the face of persistent chronic hunger in some regions of the world and malnutrition in others, the recognition of the right to food is on the rise. The notion of a right to food is used in a variety of settings, from the domestic level, where different types of constitutional recognition can be found, be they explicit or indirect, to the regional and international level, where human rights law offers its own conceptualization of the right to food. This Entry focuses on the right to food from a comparative constitutional law perspective. The right to food is often considered interdependent with and essential to the realization of other human rights such as the right to life, the right to health or the right to work. Not only does food keep us alive, but adequate nourishment is a prerequisite to enjoy a fulfilling life. Eating is a defining element of cultural identity and self-expression, shaping one’s interactions with other humans, animals, and the environment Food may even be of intrinsic value, in and of itself a source of great pleasure and joy, regardless of its use as a means to realize other goods. Though it is often embedded in other rights such as the right to minimum entitlements, the right to food can be thought of as the most basic right and merits focus as an independent right. After presenting the core meanings of the right to food and tracing its historical evolution, a comparative description of its role and meaning in South Africa, India, and the United States will be provided. Finally, the impact of constitutionalizing the right to food will be assessed.
Optical spectral weight, phase stiffness, and Tc bounds for trivial and topological flat band superconductors.

We present exact results that give insight into how interactions lead to transport and superconductivity in a flat band where the electrons have no kinetic energy. We obtain bounds for the optical spectral weight for flat-band superconductors that lead to upper bounds for the superfluid stiffness and the two-dimensional (2D) T c . We focus on on-site attraction | U | on the Lieb lattice with trivial flat bands and on the π-flux model with topological flat bands. For trivial flat bands, the low-energy optical spectral weight D low ≤ n | U | Ω / 2 with n = min n , 2 − n , where n is the flat-band density and Ω is the Marzari–Vanderbilt spread of the Wannier functions (WFs). We also obtain a lower bound involving the quantum metric. For topological flat bands, with an obstruction to localized WFs respecting all symmetries, we again obtain an upper bound for D l o w linear in | U | . We discuss the insights obtained from our bounds by comparing them with mean-field and quantum Monte Carlo results.
Drinking patterns of college students with comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms: the moderating role of gender

Background: Students with anxiety or mood issues tend to engage in more problematic drinking, but less is known about those students with co-occurring anxiety and mood symptoms.Methods: This study ...
Melatonin receptor-mediated attenuation of excitotoxic cell death in cultured spinal cord slices

Recent studies suggest ex vivo modeling of neuronal injury is a robust approach for the mechanistic study of neurodegeneration. Melatonin, an indolamine, is a versatile molecule with antioxidative, antiapoptotic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. While melatonin has been studied as a therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury (SCI) related neuronal cell loss, its actions in organotypic slice cultures approximating SCI effects are less well understood. The actions of melatonin were therefore examined following exposure of cultured rat spinal cord slices to glutamate excitotoxicity. Exposure to glutamate (500 μM) for 4 hours induced neuronal degeneration that was prevented by 0.5 μM melatonin (applied immediately or 4 hours following glutamate exposure). Decreased internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, Bax:Bcl-2 and calpain:calpastatin ratios, caspase 8, 9 and 3 activities in slice cultures were measured following melatonin treatment. Melatonin receptor (MTR1, MTR2) mRNA levels were increased in the melatonin treated spinal cord slices. To confirm melatonin receptor-mediated protection, slice cultures were treated with 10 or 25 μM luzindole (melatonin receptor antagonist) at 0 and 4 hours, respectively, after glutamate exposure. Luzindole significantly decreased the ability of melatonin to prevent cell death in the sliced culture model. These results suggest melatonin receptors may provide a pathway for therapeutic applications to prevent penumbral neuron loss following SCI.
Um Caso de Mobilidade Dentária e Tumefação Maxilar

Os quistos radiculares sao os quistos odontogenicos mais comuns. Sao formados pela proliferacao celular dos restos epiteliais de Malassez, secundaria a inflamacao prolongada da polpa dentaria. Estao habitualmente associados a dentes com lesoes cariosas ou fraturas. Ocorrem mais frequentemente no sexo masculino, e na terceira e sexta decadas de vida. [...]
Orbital-resolved calculations of two-center interferences in linear triatomic molecules

We perform ab initio calculations of high-harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) of two-center interference phenomena in oriented carbon-dichalcogen molecules, using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We show that by resolving the harmonic response into contributions from individual Kohn-Sham orbitals, we can extract target-specific characteristics for both the spectral amplitude and phase. We also discuss that this extraction is predicated on a careful analysis and normalization of the harmonic spectrum. Finally, we present field-free scattering calculations that mimic the recollision step in high-order-harmonic generation and allow the calculation of recombination dipole matrix elements without explicitly calculating the scattering states of a molecule. We show that the orbital-resolved TDDFT HHS results and results based on our field-free scattering calculations are in very good agreement with each other.
Cell division: III. The effects of amines on the structure of isolated nuclei

Abstract Information on the condensation of chromatin by organic substances is of interest in relation to attempts to formulate the properties of the chromosomal condensant active during cell division. The relation of nuclear volume to concentration has therefore been studied. n -Propylamine, an example of an aliphatic monoamine, produced swelling in low concentrations (0.001 to 0.01 M ) but little volume change in the range 0.025 to 0.36 M , closely paralleling results obtained with NaCl and KC1. Diamines (diaminopropane, -butane, -pentane, -hexane, -heptane, and -decane) produced shrinkage and granulation and nucleolar condensation in ≈ 0.025 M solutions and less shrinkage as the concentration of the diamines was increased. Condensation was readily reversed by either distilled water or the isolation medium. The effects of diamines resemble those of MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 . Spermidine and spermine, which possess three and four positive charges, respectively, produce condensation at very low (0.001 M ) concentrations, with marked swelling at approximately 0.2 M . Condensation was not reversed by distilled water and was slowly reversed by the phosphate-containing isolation medium. Chromosome-like structures were observed in a number of solutions but accurate counts were not possible. In a comparison of Amphiuma erythrocyte nuclei and rat liver nuclei, relatively few granules were seen in the former (2n = 24) whereas many were seen in liver nuclei (4n = 84), suggesting that the structures observed may be chromosomal in origin. Available evidence suggests that the prophase condensing agent contains more than two charges if condensation is caused only by charge effects.
The Two Faces of Multi-jurisdictional Practice

Multi-jurisdictional practice is much discussed today. While the world of commerce continues to break down the barriers state and national, the lawyers that represent these entities remain tethered to their home base of admission and venture outside of their states of admission at their jeopardy. Large firms, in-house counsels, the federal government all strain at the restrictions of unauthorized practice and their advocacy groups, like the ABA Ethics 2000 Commission and the American Corporate Counsel Association, advocate that the license to practice law be more national or indeed international in scope. Meanwile the state supreme courts, often at the behest of local bar associations appear to be moving in the opposite direction. For instance in the Birbrower the California Supreme Court deprived a New York firm its fees for work done in California for a California client. Even such tried and true tactics as hiring local counsel or applying for admission pro hac vice may not solve the problem. Discipline, motions to disqualify and fee disputes multiply in the name of client protection, the rationale for admission in the first place. The results create combinations in restraint of trade and certainly serve as barriers to the flow of interstate commerce. The article presents the anti-trust argument and the constitutional arguments but concludes that they are losers. The only path out of the mess is for Congress to use its power ro regulate commerce to enact a statue pre-emptive of local admission requirements in case that affect interstate commerce. The text of such a statute is proposed.
The Sanctity of Property in American History

The construction and delineation of property is central to the constitution of a society. Societies differ with regard to the extension of private property, that is, what can be treated as property, including land, trees, wildlife, and other human beings. Societies also differ in the intensive rights they accord to property holders, that is, the extent to which the property holder's actions are constrained by the rights of others. This paper explores how property law has been adapted so as to serve political goals throughout American history. In the nineteenth century, judges and legislators reconfigured the definition of property in order to promote entrepreneurial activity. With the rise of the New Deal in the 1930s, property law was again reconfigured to allow more extensive public intervention on behalf of social objectives. This "instrumental" approach to property is firmly ensconced in American jurisprudence. Efforts to jettison this approach in favor of a "sanctified" concept of property would have to reverse legal precedents that date back to the American revolution.
A crosstalk-based linear filter in biochemical signal transduction pathways for the internet of bio-things

Novel emerging tools are allowing the manipulation and control of biological cells and their functions, e.g., sensing, actuation, and communication through biochemical stimuli. These tools have the potential to enable the implementation of manmade networks of biological computing devices, i.e., Internet of Bio-things. In this work, signal transduction pathways, i.e., cells' chemical reactions that process biochemical signals, are proposed for the design of analog linear filters to be utilized as components in the Internet of Bio-things. These filters, which exploit the crosstalk of signal transduction pathways to achieve the desired response, are here modeled and analyzed. The relations between filter properties and biochemical parameters are presented with the goal of designing a notch filter. A preliminary numerical example is also given as proof-of-concept.
Interactions of bacteriophage T4-coded gene 32 protein with nucleic acids. III. Binding properties of two specific proteolytic digestion products of the protein (G32P*I and G32P*III).

Brief treatment of gene 32 protein with proteolytic enzymes produces two specific digestion products in good yield (Moise & Hosoda, 1976). One, representing the native protein with ~60 amino acid residues removed from the C-terminus, is G32P∗I. The other, for which ~20 amino acid residues have been removed from the N-terminus in addition to the 60 residues from the C-terminus, is G32P∗III. Both of these specific “core” fragments of gene 32 protein have been isolated and purified, and their binding properties to single-stranded oligo- and polynucleotides have been studied. We find that the binding properties of G32P∗I are relatively little changed from those characteristic of the native gene 32 protein: (1) the apparent binding constants to short (l = 2 to 8) oligonucleotides are independent of lattice length and essentially independent of base and sugar composition, but do show an increased salt dependence of binding relative to that of the native protein; (2) the intrinsic association constants (K) for polynucleotides binding in the co-operative mode show the same binding specificities as seen with the native protein, but with absolute values increased two to fourfold; (3) the polynucleotide binding co-operativity parameter (ω−2 × 103) and the binding site size (n ∼-7 nucleotide residues) are the same as for the native protein; (4) essentially the entire salt dependence of the net affinity (Kω) remains in K. However, unlike native gene 32 protein, G32P∗I can melt native DNA to equilibrium (Hosoda et al., 1974; Greve et al., 1978); this suggests that the kinetic pathways for DNA melting by these two species must differ, since the changes in equilibrium binding parameters measured here are far too small to account for the differences in melting behavior. In contrast to G32P∗I, for G32P∗III we find that: (1) binding is non-cooperative (ω ∼-1); (2) the binding site size (n) for the protein has decreased by one to two nucleotide residues relative to that characteristic of the native protein and G32P∗I; (3) binding to short (l = 2 to 8) oligonucleotides is length and salt concentration dependent; (4) while binding to polynucleotides continues to show approximately the same base composition dependence as the native protein, the absolute values of K are somewhat different and the salt concentration dependencies of K are less. Polynucleotide ultraviolet light and circular dichroism spectra obtained in the presence of G32P∗I and G32P∗III are indistinguishable from those measured with the native protein at similar binding densities, indicating that all three protein species distort the polynucleotide lattice to comparable extents. These results are combined with the equilibrium binding data for native gene 32 protein (Kowalczykowski et al., 1980a: Newport et al., 1980) to obtain further insight into the molecular details of the interactions of this protein with its nucleic acid binding substrates.
Combining ab initio calculations and low-energy effective field theory for halo nuclear systems: The case of 7 Li + n → 8 Li + γ

We report a leading-order calculation of radiative ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ neutron captures to both the ground and first excited state of ${}^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ in the framework of a low-energy effective field theory (halo-EFT). Each of the possible final states is treated as a shallow bound state composed of both $n+{}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ and $n+{}^{7}{\mathrm{Li}}^{*}$ (core excitation) configurations. The ab initio variational Monte Carlo method is used to compute the asymptotic normalization coefficients of these bound states, which are then used to fix couplings in our EFT. We calculate the total and partial cross sections in the radiative capture process using this calibrated EFT. Fair agreement with measured total cross sections is achieved and excellent agreement with the measured branching ratio between the two final states is found. In contrast, a previous halo-EFT calculation [Rupak and Higa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 222501 (2011)] assumes that the $n$-${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ couplings in different spin channels are equal, fits the $P$-wave ``effective-range'' parameter to the threshold cross section for ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}+n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{}^{8}\mathrm{Li}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and assumes the core excitation is at high enough energy scale that it can be integrated out.
A randomized trial of a multicomponent cessation strategy for emergency department smokers.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:575–583 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Objectives: The objective was to determine the efficacy of an emergency department (ED)-based smoking cessation intervention. Methods: This study was a randomized trial conducted from January 2006 to September 2007 at an urban ED that treats 90,000 adults per year. Discharged adults who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day were randomized to 1) usual care, receiving a smoking cessation brochure; or 2) enhanced care, receiving the brochure, a motivational interview (MI), nicotine patches, and a phone call at 3 days. Interventions were performed by a peer educator trained in tobacco treatment. Blinded follow-up was performed at 3 months. Results: A total of 338 subjects were enrolled, mean (±SD) age was 40.2 (±12.0) years, 51.8% were female, and 56.5% were either self-pay or Medicaid. Demographic and clinical variables were comparable between groups. Enhanced and usual care arms showed similar cessation rates at 3 months (14.7% vs. 13.2%, respectively). The proportion of subjects making a quit attempt (69.2% vs. 66.5%) and decrease in daily cigarette use (five vs. one; all p > 0.05) were also similar. In logistic modeling, factors associated with quitting included any tobacco-related International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9), code for the ED visit (odds ratio [OR] = 3.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.61 to 7.26) or subject belief that the ED visit was tobacco-related (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.17 to 5.21). Conversely, subjects who reported having a preexisting tobacco-related illness were less likely to quit (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.50). Conclusions: The primary endpoint was negative, reflecting a higher-than-expected quit rate in the control group. Subjects whose ED visit was tobacco-related, based either on physician diagnosis or subject perception, were more than twice as likely to quit. These data suggest that even low-intensity screening and referral may prompt substantial numbers of ED smokers to quit or attempt to quit.
An Administrative Data Approach to Examining Perioperative Antibiotic Use in Head and Neck Oncologic Surgery

The choice of perioperative antibiotics for head and neck oncologic surgery is the subject of significant controversy. Given the ever-increasing number of antibiotic options available, as well as the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, there is a need for renewed research on this important topic. In their recent publication, Langerman and colleagues explore the relationship between antibiotic choice, surgical site infections, and antibiotic-induced complications in patients undergoing total laryngectomy. They demonstrate wide variability in antibiotic regimens among patients undergoing total laryngectomy, as well as an association between increased risk of surgical site infections and clindamycin use. This study addresses a controversial subject affecting the daily care of patients with head and neck cancer, and the findings have the potential to significantly affect management. It also highlights the strengths and inherent limitations of an administrative data approach to head and neck cancer clinical research.
Double-Stranded DNA Sequence Analysis

There are several different methods for analyzing the sequence of cloned DNA segments. For analysis of immunoglobulin variable (V) regions, double-stranded DNA sequencing is routinely used. Although this method does not yield the longest DNA sequences, it is easy and provides sufficient information to determine the correct sequence. The protocols in this unit are for use with the Sequenase Version 2.0 kit from U.S. Biochemicals, which is based on dideoxy sequencing with a modified T7 DNA polymerase. The Basic Protocol describes performing a sequencing reaction for cloned immunoglobulin V regions and running and analyzing a sequencing gel. A support protocol describes pouring and setting up the sequencing gel.