cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Adjusts the Phase of Mouse Circadian Clocks in the Cornea Both Ex Vivo and In Vivo.

The presence of an endogenous circadian clock within most mammalian cells is associated with the amazing observation that within a given tissue, these clocks are largely in synchrony with each othe...
Results Suggestive of the Brain Trying to ‘Re-Organize’ Itself and Recover During the Early Stages of an Epileptic Seizure?

It literally “boggles the mind” to try to imagine the chaos that must be occurring in the brain during an epileptic seizure! No wonder seizures are often referred to as ‘brainstorms’! This paper presents some results of my studies analyzing the EEGs of patients suffering seizures, during the brainstorms themselves. Then, based on cross-frequency coupling strength computations, contour plot snapshots are presented which suggest to me that they may be showing the brain ‘struggling’ to regain control. Results are presented in graphical form for the progression of four epileptic seizures. There are two each from two patients, during the first dozen or two seconds after onset, for seizures lasting roughly three-quarters of to a full minute. Much longer time studies were done for each in my four recent SSRN e-papers, covering pre-seizure and post-seizure epochs as well. Using the metric of harmonic wavelet bicoherence, MATLAB contour plots of cross-frequency coupling of EEG oscillations were created. A short sequence of such plots is presented for each seizure, stepped forward in time by a second (or sometimes less), from a contour plot at or near seizure onset. Each sequence shows how the pattern of cross-frequency coupling soon after seizure onset morphs into noticeable, somewhat dramatic, frequency sub-band coupling. This coupling may be driven/modulated by narrow, lower-frequency sub-bands, as suggested by key contour plots. My conjectures may well spring mostly from my imagination/wishful thinking, and are likely premature, at the very least. But, for these seizures from two different patients with a specific, common type of seizure, complex partial, I seem to see a distinct pattern of brain activity, 'fighting' to reset itself, to escape the seizure. There appears to be a ‘characteristic’ spiking frequency for each seizure, which might identify a specific type(s) and location(s) of neurons responsible for this? Perhaps such knowledge could eventually lead to more effective treatment options? Much further work needs to be done, though.
Teacher Evaluation with Multiple Indicators: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations Regarding Validity

The evaluation of teacher practice and performance has become one of the central issues in education policy debates in many countries. It is clear that teacher evaluation systems face very important conceptual, technical, and practical challenges in defining, operationalizing, and measuring the key aspects of a construct as complex as teaching practice. The challenges become particularly salient when education systems consider using the indicators produced to support instructional improvement processes, and formative and summative evaluation of individual teachers. Contemporary measurement models establish that the object of validation is not the instruments or indicators, but the judgments or inferences derived from them, and that this requires different types of evidence from a variety of sources. This chapter examines the validity of inferences about teacher performance in teacher evaluation systems that involve multiple indicators. We consider the different purposes of teacher evaluation systems, the operationalization of key constructs, the instruments used to measure these constructs, relevant models of psychometric reliability and validity, and finally the implications of all these factors for the design and operation of systems and policies directed at improving teaching practice.
Cognition, Motor Control and Other Aspects of Autism: A Pragmatic Review

Evolutionists point out that ASD’s continued presence in the human population may be because of the need for a few individuals to have extreme focus at the expense of human interaction. Regardless of the validity of this hypothesis, in a modern society autism places a considerable burden on the quality of life for patients and their caregivers. To date, the study of Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has yielded no specific common cause. This has made diagnosis and treatment difficult. This chapter reviews a variety of variables that have over the past years received clinical and/or animal experimental support for their relation to autism. They range from neuropathologies affecting individual cells or the size of entire brain areas, to considerations of the role of inflammation or environmental factors and autism. Important clues may also come from comparative studies of subjects with ASD and with schizophrenia, two disorders known to be associated with neuropathologies in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. Clearly, ASD research now faces the considerable challenge of integrating large amounts of diverse data. Qualitatively new insights will most likely arise from integrative approaches considering interactions between prominent variables.
Abstract A27: Analyses of the level of liver borne growth factors, IGF-1 and HGF in metastatic and non-metastatic uveal melanoma patient serum: Correlation with outcome

Background: Uveal melanoma arises from melanocytes in the uveal tract of the eye and is biologically different from cutaneous melanoma due to different genetic alterations and a propensity to metastasize to the liver. We hypothesize that growth factors synthesized in liver can play a significant role in this preferential homing of uveal melanoma metastasis. It is critical to explore the factors that can contribute to liver metastasis and identify targets. Further exploring the means to blocking them in a timely fashion is of high therapeutic value. IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor -1) and HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) are two major growth factors secreted from liver. The corresponding receptors, c-Met and IGF-1R have been detected in uveal melanoma tumors and also high protein expression was shown to be associated with poor survival. Therefore we initiated a study to determine the level of serum IGF-1 and HGF at sequential time points for primary and metastatic uveal melanoma patients, with the aim to test for correlation with clinical outcomes. Methods: Commercially available ELISA kits (Quantikine ELISA kits from RD Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.
Rosenkranz's Constitutional Subjects and School Finance Litigation

In an article entitled The Subjects of the Constitution, Professor Nicholas Quinn Rosenkranz sets forth a new model of judicial review. Emphasizing that the grammatical structure of constitutional provisions “may be just as revealing as the words themselves,” Rosenkranz insists that “careful attention to constitutional grammar can reveal - and will reveal - nothing less than the constitutional structure of judicial review.” Like ordinary grammar, constitutional grammar has subjects (the governmental actor), verbs (the unconstitutional action), and objects (the statutes and regulations). According to Rosenkranz, judicial review, like grammatical analysis, “should begin at the beginning with subjects.” In other words, the “fundamental question from which all else follows” is identifying the subject of the Constitution - who has violated the Constitution. Once a court determines the constitutional subject, the constitutional predicate - the verb and the objects - logically follow. Knowing who violated the Constitution resolves questions of standing and ripeness and, more significantly, dictates the form of judicial review. Moreover, constitutional grammar offers new insights into substantive doctrine. Development of Rosenkranz’s vision is relatively straightforward, but its application to all areas of constitutional law “is the work of a lifetime.” This article applies Rosenkranz's new model of judicial review to school finance litigation. Identifying the constitutional subject has implications for the jurisdictional, merits, and remedial phases of school finance litigation. Asking who violated the Constitution offers a new and different perspective on standing, justiciability, the significance of semantic differences, the scope of remedy, and continuing jurisdiction. In short, the simple step of asking who brings coherency to an area of education law plagued by incoherency.
Development of a Kinematic Hand Model for Study and Design of Hose Installation

Kinematic hand models can be used to predict where workers will place their fingers on work objects and the space required by the hand. Hand postures can be used to predict hand strength. Kinematic models also can be used to predict tissue stresses and to study work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Study and design of manual hose installation is an important application for kinematic hand models. Hoses are widely used in many mechanical systems such as autos, aircraft and home appliance, which are all mass-produced on assembly lines. Studies of automobile assembly jobs show that hose installations are one of the most physically demanding jobs that workers perform. Hoses are a good starting point for kinematic model development because they can be characterized as simple cylinders.
Time, Tense and Relativity Revisited

Interest in the problem of expressing temporal relations between events in a coherent fashion has undergone a revival due to the creation of data bases and knowledge bases containing time-dependent information and also through the scrutiny of concurrent algorithms and real-time systems. Presented herein is a simple temporal model, designated an F-complex, which develops from a single future operator and a single order axiom yet encompasses several of the current proposals for models to systematize reasoning about one or more of the aforementioned areas. The rudimentary F-complex commits to no special ontology of time, giving the advantage of clarifying the properties which are common to most methods of temporal modeling. Concepts of past, future, and temporal precedence are formulated within the posited structure, allowing comparison to the published temporal models of Lamport [11], Allen [1], Milner [14], Rodriguez [17], and others [21]. Specifically, Allen's thirteen linear-time and Rodriguez's eighty-two relativistic atomic relations are characterized, as well as the axiomatic scheme of Lamport. The models are treated more thoroughly than in [6]. Furthermore, the main theorem is strengthened.
EXCRETION OF THIAMINE AND ITS METABOLITES IN THE URINE OF YOUNG ADULT MALES RECEIVING RESTRICTED INTAKES OF THE VITAMIN.

Abstract : Eight young men consuming a 2800-kcal diet consisting of 80 g protein, 100 g fat and 400 g carbohydrate and providing 0.11 to 0.18 mg thiamine/day, developed clinical symptoms of thiamine deficiency in 9 to 27 days. Thiamine excreted in the urine decreased to less than 50 micrograms/day at the sixth day to the undetectable levels by the eighteenth day of depletion. Low-level repletion (0.54 to 0.61 micrograms/day) for 12 days failed to produce detectable levels of thiamine in the urine. Red blood cell transketolase activity declined with progressive thiamine deficiency and returned to normal levels with low-level repletion. The excretion of the pyrimidine and thiazole moieties of thiamine as metabolites of the vitamin appeared to increase above the levels found with the use of a diet with sufficient thiamine (about 2 mg/day), and was reduced to control levels following low-level repletion. The pyrimidine moiety in the deficient individual appears to be further catabolized. There appears to be a body store of thiamine which is utilized during a period of deficient intake. Serum cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, blood phospholipids, creatinine and hematocrit did not change appreciably during thiamine deficiency. The biochemical pattern for thiamine deficiency in human adults is described. (Author)
Radiative Higgs boson decays H{r_arrow}f{bar f}{gamma}

Higgs boson radiative decays of the form H{r_arrow}f{bar f}{gamma} are calculated in the standard model using the complete one-loop expressions for the decay amplitudes. Contributions to the radiative width from leptons and light quarks are given. We also present e{bar e}-invariant mass distributions for H{r_arrow}e{bar e}{gamma}, which illustrate the importance of the photon pole contribution and the effects of the box diagrams. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Coverability Analysis Using Symbolic Model Checking

In simulation based verification of hardware, as well as in software testing, one is faced with the challenge of maximizing coverage of testing while minimizing testing cost. To this end, sophisticated techniques are used to generate clever test cases, and equally sophisticated techniques are employed by engineers to determine the quality - a.k.a. coverage - attained by the tests. The latter activity is called Test Coverage Analysis. While it is an essential component of the development process, test coverage can only be analyzed late in the design cycle when the tested entity and the test harness are both stable. To address this serious restriction, we introduce the notion of coverability, which intuitively refers to the degree to which a model can be covered when subjected to testing. We also showan implementation of coverability checking using Model Checking. The notion of coverability highlights a distinction between (1) whether a model has been covered by some test suite and (2) whether the model can ever be covered by any test suite. Coverability Analysis can be performed as soon as the hardware or software are written, before the test harness has been written.
Misoprostol 1 to 3 h preprocedure vs. overnight osmotic dilators prior to early second-trimester surgical abortion.

Abstract Objectives We sought to compare the effectiveness of at least 1 h of 400 mcg of buccal misoprostol to overnight osmotic dilators for early second-trimester surgical abortion cervical preparation. Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study, reviewing 145 consecutive charts to compare procedure duration for women who received 400 mcg of buccal misoprostol at least 1 h preprocedure vs. overnight osmotic dilators before dilation and evacuation between 14 weeks, 0 days and 15 weeks, 6 days' gestation. Primary outcome was procedure duration and secondary outcomes included maximum mechanical dilator size, estimated blood loss and side effects. Results Sixty-four women (44.1%) received buccal misoprostol (mean 1.6 h), and 81 women (55.9%) received overnight osmotic dilators. Groups did not differ regarding mean gestational age or gynecologic history. All procedures in both groups were completed. Procedure duration was not significantly different between the misoprostol and osmotic dilator groups (median 11.0 min vs. 10.0 min, p=.22), even after multivariable linear regression (p=.17). The mean total cervical preparation duration was 1.6 h for women in the misoprostol group compared to 20.3 h in the osmotic dilator group (p Conclusions We found that at least 1 h of preprocedure misoprostol decreased the duration of cervical preparation for early second-trimester procedures performed by an experienced surgeon. Implications In this small, retrospective review, at least 1 h of preprocedure buccal misoprostol decreased the duration from cervical preparation initiation to procedure completion in early second-trimester procedures performed by an experienced surgeon. These results should be considered as a pilot evaluation, and further prospective study is needed to further clarify whether this short interval could be applied in general practice.
Potential risks and prevention, part 1: Fatal adverse drug events

Potential risk factors for and the preventability of fatal adverse drug events (ADEs) were studied. Case reports of ADEs published in Clin-Alert during 1976-95 were the source of information on fatal ADEs, Patient, drug, and event variables were identified, and the causality, predictability, and preventability of each case were assessed. Data were entered into a relational database for analysis. The data indicated 447 cases involving a fatal ADE. Ten percent of the fatal ADEs were assessed as definite, 46% as probable, and 44% as possible. Fatal-ADE frequency increased with age. Forty-five percent of the patients were 40-69 years of age, and 40% were healthy. Central-nervous-system agents, antineoplastics, antimicrobials, and cardiovascular agents accounted for 69% of the deaths. Only 33% of patients received more than the usual dosage. Many of the suspected drugs could have been monitored with blood level tests but were not, and baseline testing of critical blood count and liver and renal function was often not performed. The most common causes of death were hepatitis, hepatic failure, cardiopulmonary arrest, overdose, and agranulocytosis. ADE types were distributed as adverse drug reactions (58%), allergic reactions (19%), medication errors (17%), and drug interactions (6%). Sixty-eight percent of the fatal ADEs were judged to have been preventable; of these, a pharmacist could have prevented 57%. Litigation was reported for 14% of the fatal-ADE cases; judgments and settlements averaged $1.1 million. A review of published case reports of ADEs for 1976-95 yielded information on possible risk factors for fatal ADEs and on which events may have been preventable.
Streaming Algorithms for Pattern Discovery over Dynamically Changing Event Sequences

Discovering frequent episodes over event sequences is an important data mining task. In many applications, events constituting the data sequence arrive as a stream, at furious rates, and recent trends (or frequent episodes) can change and drift due to the dynamical nature of the underlying event generation process. The ability to detect and track such the changing sets of frequent episodes can be valuable in many application scenarios. Current methods for frequent episode discovery are typically multipass algorithms, making them unsuitable in the streaming context. In this paper, we propose a new streaming algorithm for discovering frequent episodes over a window of recent events in the stream. Our algorithm processes events as they arrive, one batch at a time, while discovering the top frequent episodes over a window consisting of several batches in the immediate past. We derive approximation guarantees for our algorithm under the condition that frequent episodes are approximately well-separated from infrequent ones in every batch of the window. We present extensive experimental evaluations of our algorithm on both real and synthetic data. We also present empirical comparisons with baselines and adaptations of streaming algorithms from itemset mining literature.
Training the Next Generation of Psychiatrists in Integrated Medical–Psychiatric Care

With the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), there will be a growing demand for mental health care in this country (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. U. S. Public Law 111-148-March 23, 2010). It is likely much of this care will continue to be delivered in the primary care setting and not in traditional outpatient psychiatric clinic sites. Primary care providers (PCPs) will be in the position to further expand their existing role as primary behavioral health providers. What does this mean for the future of psychiatry and how psychiatrists are trained?
Nature and Civilization as Metaphor in Michel Rio’s Dreaming Jungles

Michel Rio has published five novels since 1982, two of which, Parrot’s Perch and Dreaming Jungles, have been translated into English. His most recent work, Archipelago, was published last year with the Editions du Seuil. Rio’s philosophical fiction portrays culture and civilization in crisis, and centers upon questions of aesthetics and the creative imagination. His novels employ the voyage motif as a means and manner of reflection upon a profound morbidity ailing the modern spirit, which in its most extreme form emerges as the suicidal urge, but which attends each moment of the human enterprise as the risk of disorientation and loss of purpose. His literary travels are allegories which permit his peripatetic narrator to conduct a geographical anatomy of melancholy. The cure potentially lies with the heuristic power of the fictional undertaking itself to chart progress, although fiction must first seek to combat the forces of cynicism and the charges of self-involvement of which literature stands accused in the eyes of the iconoclastic characters who populate Rio’s narratives.
The Determinants of Salience of Energy Issues

Studies show that salience of an issue influences the behavior of political elites, policy responses, and the attitudes of the public. Yet while the effects of salience are given considerable attention, less is known about the factors that produce salience. Specifically, what are the determinants of an issue's salience? We examine salience of energy issues in the United States over the past six decades and make two contributions. First, we provide systematic explanations of issue salience. Second, contrary to popular conceptions that energy salience is driven entirely by gasoline prices, or some scholarly analyses that salience depends on crises, we argue that other factors increase salience. Specifically, we find that political actors and activities increase energy salience, even after controlling for higher gas prices and shocks. This is an important finding; political dynamics enhance salience. Meaningful political action, therefore, driven by enhanced salience, is not entirely dependent on market forces or unplanned events.
Acute effect of high-intensity cycling exercise on carotid artery hemodynamic pulsatility

Investigate the effects of acute high-intensity exercise on common carotid artery (CCA) dimensions, stiffness, and wave intensity. Fifty-five healthy men and women (22 ± 5 year; 24.5 ± 2.7 kg m−2) underwent 30 s of high-intensity cycling (HIC; Wingate anaerobic test). CCA diameter, stiffness [β-stiffness, Elastic Modulus (E p)], pulsatility index (PI), forward wave intensities [due to LV contraction (W 1) and LV suction (W 2)], and reflected wave intensity [negative area (NA)] were assessed using a combination of Doppler ultrasound, wave intensity analysis, and applanation tonometry at baseline and immediately post-HIC. CCA β-stiffness, E p, PI and pulse pressure increased significantly immediately post-HIC (p < 0.05). CCA diameter decreased acutely post-HIC (p < 0.05). There were also significant increases in W 1 and NA and a significant decrease in W 2 (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between change in W 1 and PI (r = 0.438, p < 0.05), from rest to recovery as well as a significant inverse correlation between W 2 and PI (r = −0.378, p 0.05). Acute HIC results in CCA constriction and increases in CCA stiffness along with increases in hemodynamic pulsatility. The increase in pulsatility may be due to a combination of increased forward wave intensity from increased LV contractility into a smaller vessel (i.e. impaired matching of diameter and flow) coupled with reduced LV suction.
SOME EFFECTS OF ETHYLEIME OXIDE ON BACILLUS SUBTILIS

SUMMARY A number of factors of possible significance in elucidating the mechanism of inactivation of spores exposed to the alkylating agent, ethylene oxide (ETO), were investigated in this study. The sterilant system consisted of a mixture of ethylene oxide (12%) end dichlorodifluoro-methane (88%). Spores were exposed to ETO end suspended in distilled water overnight to determine if the ETO treatment would effect release of protein, RNA, DNA, or DPA. Only DPA release was effected, it being appreciably greeter from exposed than unexposed spores. Pretreatment of spores with agents postulated to effect the intactness of the spore coat was noted to alter ETO resistance characteristics. The resulting survivor curve exhibited en unusually long death lag period followed by an increased first-order death rate. Such an alteration, however, could be counteracted by increasing the time between pretreatment end ETO exposure. A comparison of lyophilized vegetative cells, germinated spores, and heat-activated spores revealed that the ETO resistance of germinated spores was closer to that of heat-activated spores than to that of vegetative cells. To obtain a logarithmic death rate for heat-activated spores, it was necessary to precondition at about 98% R.H. prior to the normal preconditioning et 33% R.H. Vegetative cells end germinated spores, however, did not require preconditioning other then et 33% R.H. The effect of increasing time of ETO exposure on germination end postgerminative end vegetative development of spores in a rich medium end in a deficient medium was evaluated. No significant change in rate or efficiency of germination was observed for either medium. However, the postgerminative phase of development of treated spores was notably lengthened over that of untreated spores in either medium. Treated spores which were incubated in the rich medium entered the vegetative phase of growth before those incubated in the deficient medium, this difference becoming more pronounced with increasing periods of exposure.
Drug Treatment Combined with BCG Vaccination Reduces Disease Reactivation in Guinea Pigs Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only human tuberculosis vaccine, primes a partially protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans and animals. In guinea pigs, BCG vaccination slows the progression of disease and reduces the severity of necrotic granulomas, which harbor a population of drug-tolerant bacilli. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing disease severity by BCG vaccination of guinea pigs prior to M. tuberculosis challenge enhanced the efficacy of combination drug therapy. At 20 days of infection, treatment of vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals with rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrizinamide (RHZ) was initiated for 4 or 8 weeks. On days 50, 80 and 190 of infection (10 weeks after drug were withdrawn), treatment efficacy was evaluated by quantifying clinical condition, bacterial loads, lesion severity, and dynamic changes in peripheral blood and lung leukocyte numbers by flow cytometry. In a separate, long-term survival study, treatment efficacy was evaluated by determining disease reactivation frequency post-mortem. BCG vaccination alone delayed pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease progression, but failed to prevent dissemination of bacilli and the formation of necrotic granulomas. Drug therapy either alone or in combination with BCG, was more effective at lessening clinical disease and lesion severity compared to control animals or those receiving BCG alone. Fewer residual lesions in BCG vaccinated and drug treated animals, equated to a reduced frequency of reactivation disease and improvement in survival even out to 500 days of infection. The combining of BCG vaccination and drug therapy was more effective at resolving granulomas such that fewer animals had evidence of residual infection and thus less reactivation disease.
Humidity sensing properties of Nation and sol-gel derived SiO2/Nafion composite thin films

Abstract Nafion, sol-gel derived SiO2 and SiO2/Nafion composite films were prepared through casting and dip-coating methods. Impedance response of the films to relative humidity and the stability of the response against different aging environments were examined. The response to relative humidity of each film was analyzed with their complex impedance spectra at different humidities.
Oxybenziporphyrins, Oxypyriporphyrins, Benzocarbaporphyrins, and Their 23-Oxa and 23-Thia Analogues: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Metalation, and Structural Characterization of a Palladium(II) Organometallic Derivative†

A series of nine porphyrin analogues have been synthesized using the "3 + 1" variant on the MacDonald condensation. Tripyrrane-type systems with a centrally unsubstituted pyrrole, furan, or thiophene ring were prepared using conventional methods, and these were condensed with indene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde, 5-formylsalicylaldehyde, or 3-hydroxy-2,6-pyridinedicarbaldehyde in the presence of TFA to generate benzocarba-, oxybenzi-, and oxypyriporphyrins, respectively. The furan-containing analogues proved to be highly basic and could only be isolated as the corresponding hydrochloride salts. All nine analogue systems showed porphyrin-like UV-vis spectra with one or two Soret absorptions near 400 nm and a series of weaker bands at longer wavelengths. These systems also showed large diatropic ring currents by proton NMR spectroscopy that were comparable to true porphyrins. In the presence of trace amounts of TFA, benzocarbaporphyrin 12 formed a monocation, and in 50% TFA a C-protonated dication was generated. The 23-oxacarbaporphyrin 14 gave a monocation in chloroform, although the free base was generated in 5% Et(3)N-chloroform. In 50% TFA-CHCl(3), 14 afforded a mixture of mono- and diprotonated species. Thiacarbaporphyrin 15 also formed a monocation in the presence of TFA, but C-protonation was relatively disfavored for this system. Nonetheless, in the presence of TFA-d, 12, 14, and 15 all showed rapid exchange of the internal NH and CH protons. Carbaporphyrin 12 also showed slow exchange at the meso-positions, but this process was not observed for its heteroanalogues 14 and 15. Protonation studies were also conducted for oxybenziporphyrins and oxypyriporphyrins 16-21. Oxacarbaporphyrin 14 was shown to be a superior organometallic ligand and afforded good yields of the related nickel(II) and palladium(II) derivatives under mild conditions. A low yield of the platinum(II) complex could also be isolated. All three complexes retained their aromatic character, although the Pd(II) derivative appeared to possess a slightly larger diatropic ring current. The palladium(II) complex 27 was further characterized by X-ray crystallography. The macrocyclic core was shown to be highly planar where the dihedral angles of the component pyrrole, furan and indene rings relative to the mean [18]annulene plane were all </=2.1 degrees.
Integrative Literature Review: Emotional Intelligence in the K-12 Curriculum and Its Relationship to American Workplace Needs--A Literature Review.

The purpose of this article is to review the content of existing social— emotional learning programs in the American K-12 curriculum and the relationship between the school-based programs and the n...
Quantification of the erythrocyte flux in individual capillaries.

Abstract The flow of individual erythrocytes in capillaries is quantitated by in situ photometry of the capillary lumen. The passage of erythrocytes through a transilluminated capillary creates shadows which are detected electro-optically. The resulting signal is digital in character, corresponding to the presence or absence of an erythrocyte at the detection site. Analysis of the signals permits passages and velocities of individual erythrocytes to be monitored over an arbitrary period of time.
ReaxFF Reactive Force Field for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hydrocarbon Oxidation

To investigate the initial chemical events associated with high-temperature gas-phase oxidation of hydrocarbons, we have expanded the ReaxFF reactive force field training set to include additional transition states and chemical reactivity of systems relevant to these reactions and optimized the force field parameters against a quantum mechanics (QM)-based training set. To validate the ReaxFF potential obtained after parameter optimization, we performed a range of NVT−MD simulations on various hydrocarbon/O2 systems. From simulations on methane/O2, o-xylene/O2, propene/O2, and benzene/O2 mixtures, we found that ReaxFF obtains the correct reactivity trend (propene > o-xylene > methane > benzene), following the trend in the C−H bond strength in these hydrocarbons. We also tracked in detail the reactions during a complete oxidation of isolated methane, propene, and o-xylene to a CO/CO2/H2O mixture and found that the pathways predicted by ReaxFF are in agreement with chemical intuition and our QM results. We o...
The Impact of Informal Social Networks on the Elderly's Need for Services

This paper explore the relationship between the service needs of the elderly and the types of informal support they report available to them. The authors found that elderly without informal support express only slightly greater current and anticipated service needs than those supported by informal networks. All of the respondents expect their service needs to increase in the future, especially health related services. The authors discuss implications for community planners and service providers and offer suggestions for future research.
An inactivated avian polyomavirus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in various Psittaciformes.

The safety and immunogenicity of adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted inactivated avian polyomavirus vaccines, administered either intramuscularly or subcutaneously (s.c.), were evaluated in a group of mixed species Psittaciformes. In 233 vaccinates representing species of macaws, cockatoos, conures, and parrots, gross reactions were limited to small scab formation at the s.c. injection site in three African grey parrots. Both vaccines stimulated a virus neutralizing (VN) antibody response, particularly in birds that were seronegative prior to vaccination. Ninety-three percent of the birds that were seronegative at the beginning of the study seroconverted (greater than fourfold increase in VN antibody titer) by 2 weeks after the second vaccination. Seventy-six percent of all the vaccinates had at least a fourfold increase in VN antibody titer at this time. There was no significant difference in seroconversion between the birds vaccinated with adjuvanted or nonadjuvanted vaccines. This study indicates that an inactivated avian polyomavirus vaccine can be used to safely immunize various species of psittacine birds in a field setting.
Anti-fascism for children: Ada Gobetti's story of Sebastiano the rooster

Ada Gobetti's Storia del gallo Sebastiano represents one of her many anti-fascist activities. By the time of the story's creation, Ada Gobetti had lived under fascism for 16 years. While Sebastiano descended from a long line of non-conformists in children's literature, it imparted a very specific ideological and political agenda, since Sebastiano was born at the height of fascism. Read by thousands of Italian children during the war, the story provided a clever critique of Mussolini's attempt to make children conform to the fascist ideal. Through Sebastiano, Ada Gobetti enlisted parents and their children in her efforts to urge Italians to resist fascism. After the war, as vice-mayor of Turin, the first woman to hold such a position in Italy, Ada Gobetti worked diligently to effect positive reforms in the schools, and fought openly for the rights of Italian women and children. She also wrote extensively on child rearing and devoted much of the remainder of her life to pedagogic activities to promote a ‘de...
American Association on Mental Retardation's Definition, Classification, and System of Supports and Its Relation to International Trends and Issues in the Field of Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract This article provides an overview of the 2002 American Association on Mental Retardation's (AAMR’s) Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (the 2002 System) and discusses its relationship to salient international trends and several scientific and judgmental issues currently impacting the field of intellectual disabilities (ID). Five significant international trends – ecologic perspective, disablement as a limitation in functioning, multidimensionality of ID, linking assessment to intervention, and the importance of clinical judgment – are identified and related to the 2002 System. The scientific and policy issues which impact definitional, classification, and intervention systems include: distinguishing among naming, defining, and classifying; answering the question, “what is a disability?”; delineating the essential characteristics of the condition; determining the relationship between intelligence and adaptive behavior; and defining the class. The 2002 System is critiqued and discussed within the contemporary context of thinking about and supporting people with ID. The authors conclude that time will tell how effective the 2002 AAMR System is in meeting the challenge of defining the framework of ID and providing a universally applicable and effective model for the diagnosis, classification, and planning of supports for persons with ID.
OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN THE LATERAL FEMORAL CONDYLES OF A HORSE

Osteochondrosis of the lateral femoral condyles was diagnosed radiographically in an 8-month-old, female Arabian horse, which had been presented with a hindlimb lameness. The diagnosis was confirmed by gross and microscopic pathology. The location of the lesions was considered unusual for osteochondrosis in the horse.
No evidence for lipid peroxidation in severe preeclampsia

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to address the role of oxidative stress in preeclampsia. Study Design: We measured urinary 8,12- iso -iPF 2 α -VI, a chemically stable, free-radical catalyzed product, in a case control study of severe preeclampsia nested within the trial of Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention. Cases included 29 women who developed severe preeclampsia and from whom urine had been obtained 10 to 20 weeks before the diagnosis of preeclampsia, 3 to 9 weeks before, and 1 day before through delivery. Controls did not develop hypertension or proteinuria and were matched to cases by center, gestational age at each of 3 corresponding urine collections, and date of enrollment. Results: Urinary 8,12- iso -iPF 2 α -VI did not differ significantly between cases and controls before or at diagnosis of preeclampsia, nor did it vary with gestational age. Conclusions: These results call into question the importance of oxidative stress in the disease and the biochemical rationale for clinical trials of antioxidants to prevent and treat preeclampsia. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:572-8.)
Reflections on the dimensions of trust and trustworthiness among online consumers

Trust is emerging as a potentially central aspect leading to IT acceptance. It is especially needed in the case of gaining and later retaining consumers of online vendors. This has been shown by previous research using single dimensional constructs. But trust can also be viewed as a multi-dimensional construct combining specific beliefs (sometimes labeled as trustworthiness) that either directly or through an overall assessment of trust influence relevant behavioral intentions. To show the need to examine trust in a multi-dimensional perspective, this study proposes a three-dimensional scale of trustworthiness dealing with integrity, benevolence, and ability in the unique case of online consumer trust, and then shows the importance of examining the effects of each dimension individually. The data show that trustworthiness and trust should not be regarded as a single construct with a single effect. Rather, different beliefs influence different consumer activity intentions. Window-shopping intentions was affected by the ability-trustworthiness of the vendor, while overall trust in the vendor and its integrity-trustworthiness affected purchase intentions. The importance of differentiating among online customer activities and what dimensions of trustworthiness affect each is discussed.
A comparative study of wax ester digestion in fish.

Abstract 1. 1. Purified wax ester, n -[1-C 14 ]hexadecyl-myristate, was force-fed to a variety of marine fish representing seven species and five families, including two families of stomachless fish. Fish were held 48 hr without food then force-fed tracer along with either cold hexadecyl-myristate or vegetable oil as carrier. Fish were killed approximately 24 hr after feeding. 2. 2. All species incorporated activity into their tissue lipids but the % of total activity incorporated was greatly affected by the nature of the carrier and the architecture of the alimentary tract. 3. 3. Analyses of intestinal contents and tissue showed only trace amounts of radioactive alcohol. No detectable oxidation of alcohol occurred in 15 min assays of intestinal fluid. 4. 4. The results indicate that fish possess a general facility for hydrolysis of wax ester followed by oxidation of the released alcohol and subsequent incorporation of the resulting fatty acid into acyl lipids. 5. 5. Digestion of food in the intestine of fish is considerably aided by the presence of certain morphological characteristics such as the pyloric caeca whose blind pouches insure retention of food and provide an increased surface area.
Predicting Future Diabetes in Latino Women With Gestational Diabetes: Utility of Early Postpartum Glucose Tolerance Testing

We tested 32 routine clinical parameters for their ability to discriminate between a high risk and a low risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) within 5-7 years after pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Latino women (n = 671) with GDM who did not have diabetes 4-16 weeks after delivery returned for at least one 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) within 7.5 years. Multivariate analysis was used to identify parameters ascertained during or immediately after the index pregnancy that were independently associated with the development of diabetes during follow-up. Life table analysis revealed a 47% cumulative incidence rate of NIDDM 5 years after delivery for this cohort of patients who did not have diabetes at the initial postpartum examination. Four variables were identified as independent predictors of NIDDM: the area under the OGTT glucose curve at 4-16 weeks postpartum, the gestational age at the time of diagnosis of GDM, the area under the OGTT glucose curve during pregnancy, and the highest fasting serum glucose concentration during pregnancy. Examination of relative risks (RRs) of NIDDM between the highest and lowest quartiles of the cohort for each variable, adjusted for the other three variables, revealed that the postpartum OGTT provided the best discrimination between high-risk and low-risk individuals (adjusted RR = 11.5 [95% confidence interval 4.5-29.1] compared with adjusted RRs of only 0.5-2.5 for the other three variables).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The expanding role of the dental consultant in the hospital.

SUMMARY In summary, oneofthe major tasks of a hospital dentist is dental treatment for patients with severe life-threatening medical disorders. There are huge gaps in our knowledge of this field which can be corrected only by controlled testing of treatment protocols. The hospital dental department is the best site to carry out these studies.
Bullatencin, 4-deoxyasimicin, and the uvariamicins: additional bioactive Annonaceous acetogenins from Annona bullata Rich. (Annonaceae).

Additional bioactive Annonaceous acetogenins have been isolated from the EtOH extract of the bark of Annona bullata Rich. by bioactivity-directed fractionation using lethality to brine shrimp. These acetogenins include bullatencin, a new single tetrahydrofuran acetogenin having a double bond in the hydrocarbon chain; 4-deoxyasimicin, a new adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran acetogenin; and the uvariamicins, an isomeric mixture of four single tetrahydrofuran acetogenins. These acetogenins showed selective cytotoxicities for certain human solid tumor cell lines comparable to or better than adriamycin. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Smart priority queue algorithms for self-optimizing event storage

Abstract Low run-time overhead, self-adapting storage policies for priority queues called smart priority queue (SPQ) techniques are developed and evaluated. The proposed SPQ policies employ a low-complexity linear queue for near-head activities and a rapid-indexing variable bin-width calendar queue for distant events. The SPQ configuration is determined by monitoring queue access behavior using cost-scoring factors and then applying heuristics to adjust the organization of the underlying data structures. To illustrate and evaluate the method, an SPQ-based scheduler for discrete event simulation has been implemented and was used to assess the resulting efficiency, components of access time, and queue usage distributions of the existing and proposed algorithms. Results indicate that optimizing storage to the spatial distribution of queue access can decrease HOLD operation cost between 25% and 250% over existing algorithms such as calendar queues.
A Uniform Residence Time Flow Cell for the Microreactor-Assisted Solution Deposition of CdS on an FTO-Glass Substrate

Photovoltaic cells have long been a desirable alternative to the consumption of fossil fuels, but current manufacturing practices suffer from poor energy efficiency, large carbon footprints, low material utilization, and high processing temperatures. A critical step in production of thin film CdTe and CuInSe2 solar cells is the chemical bath deposition of a CdS thin film to serve as a “buffer layer” between the optically absorbent layer and the transparent conducting oxide. In prior work, functional CdS films were demonstrated at low temperature using a continuous flow, microreactor-assisted deposition process showing good selectivity of heterogeneous surface reactions over homogeneous bulk precipitation. In this paper, we develop a flow cell for implementing a uniform CdS film over a 152 mm substrate. Analytical models are coupled with computational fluid dynamic simulations to design a flow cell with more uniform flow fields. Experimental results demonstrate a 12% coefficient of variance for a 21.5 nm t...
Quantitation of carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair in human cells with the UVR ABC excision nuclease from Escherichia coli.

Recent studies by others have shown that the endonuclease complex coded for by the uvrA, uvrB and uvrC genes of Escherichia coli (UVR ABC excision nuclease) can incise DNA containing a variety of 'bulk-type' lesions, such as those resulting from u.v. light, (+/-)-7 alpha,8 beta-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE), and N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Using partially purified UVR ABC excision nuclease, we have quantitated the number of endonuclease sensitive sites (ESS) in purified DNA isolated from human fibroblasts treated with u.v. light or BPDE. The number of ESS/10(8) daltons of DNA were calculated from the number average mol. wt. of the DNA as determined by sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients. The number of endonuclease sites increased linearly with increasing doses of either u.v. light or BPDE. The UVR ABC excision nuclease was able to incise a majority of the BPDE-DNA adducts. Xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts, complementation group A (XP12BE) had 20-25% more ESS at each dose than the BPDE-treated normal (HSBP) cells. Cells treated with 4 microM BPDE and allowed 12 h of incubation to perform excision repair showed removal of 60% of the initial number of ESS from HSBP DNA and 40% of the ESS from XP-A DNA. Beyond 12 h XP12BE cells lost no additional ESS while HSBP cells continued to lose ESS, although at a slower rate, until at 48 h only 22% of the initial ESS remained. In cells treated with 10 J/m2 of u.v. light, the UVR ABC excision nuclease detected 60% of the sites recognized by the pyridimine dimer specific Micrococcus luteus glycosylase/apyrimidinic endonuclease. These results demonstrate the potential use of the UVR ABC excision nuclease in a quantitative assay for determining the number of carcinogen-induced lesions in human DNA.