cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Deterioration, Religious Coping, and Changes in Health During Late Life

Research indicates that older adults who reside in deteriorated neighborhoods experience more physical health problems than elderly people who dwell in more favorable living environments. The purpose of this study is to see whether the deleterious effects of run-down neighborhoods are reduced for older people who use religious coping responses. Data from a nationwide longitudinal survey of elderly people suggest that the noxious impact of living in a dilapidated neighborhood on changes in self-rated health over time is offset completely for older adults who rely heavily on religious coping strategies. In contrast, significant stress-buffering effects failed to emerge when functional disability served as the outcome measure.
A Note on the Almost Sure Approximation of Weakly Dependent Random Variables.

A strong approximation theorem for Hilbert space valued martingales, due to Morrow and Philipp, is improved. This result is then used to strengthen and, at the same time, to extend a recent strong approximation theorem for weakly dependent ℝd-valued random variables, due to Eberlein, to Hilbert space valued random variables.
Message Framing for Smoking Cessation: The Interaction of Risk Perceptions and Gender

Because quitting smoking is clearly linked to preventing health problems such as lung cancer, research on health message framing based on prospect theory suggests that gain-framed messages (i.e., emphasizing the benefits of quitting smoking) would be more persuasive in promoting cessation than loss-framed messages (i.e., emphasizing the costs of continuing to smoke). However, because women tend to anticipate greater perceived risk from quitting smoking than men, this may affect how receptive they are to specific message framing interventions. Data from 249 participants (129 females, 120 males) in a clinical trial of message framing for smoking cessation with bupropion were used to examine how gender differences in perceptions of the risks associated with quitting influence the effects of framed interventions using number of days to smoking relapse as the criterion. Perceived risk of quitting scores were dichotomized using a median split for the entire sample. Women reported a higher perceived risk of cessation than men. Participants who anticipated high risks associated with quitting smoking reported fewer days to relapse. Further, females in the gain-framed condition who reported low perceived risks of cessation had a greater number of days to relapse, as opposed to females in the loss-framed condition. These findings suggest that message framing interventions for smoking cessation should consider the influence of gender and risk perceptions associated with quitting on the effectiveness of framed interventions.
The neon paintbrush: seeing, technology, and the museum as metaphor

L'A. s'interesse aux liens qui existent entre la technologie definie au sens large et les capacites visuelles naturelles et cognitives de l'etre humain. Il presente plusieurs exemples : la surface de la lune vue par Galilee demontre que la technologie peut changer la maniere de voir les choses ; l'exemple de l'evolution des cartes geographies concernant l'Afrique illustre le fait que la technologie peut avoir des effets inattendus et deplaisants sur ce que l'on voit. L'A. montre en quoi, pour lui, le web a beaucoup en comun avec le monde de l'enfance
The syndrome of hypothalamic hypopituitarism complicating viral meningoencephalitis

Diffuse hypothalamic-hypopituitarism complicating viral meningoencephalitis has been rarely documented. In this report, we describe the syndrome in a 41 yr old male and review the literature. Detailed endocrine studies were performed 1 month after the onset of apparent viral encephalitis. Repeated 08:00 h serum Cortisol levels were low, but increased after administration of lysine-vasopressin. Urine 17-hydroxy-corticosteroid (17-OHCS) values rose with prolonged cortrosyn® infusion, but failed to respond after administration of metyrapone. Serum thyroxine was decreased; basal levels of serum thyrotropin were low-normal, but there was a prolonged response of tyrotropin (TSH) to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Basal prolactin was elevated with a minimal response after TRH. Testosterone and gonadotropins were both diminished, and gonadotropins increased (but less than in normal subjects) after injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (LHRH). The overnight water deprivation test confirmed the presence of diabetes insipidus. In the present context, the abnormal endocrine investigations were strongly supportive of disturbed hypothalamic activity. Hypothalamic-hypopituitarism following viral meningoencephalitis may occur more frequently than previously reported, and thus basal pituitary function should be assessed in all patients with viral meningoencephalitis.
The Politics and Practice of Economic Justice: Community Benefits Agreements as Tactic of the New Accountable Development Movement

A tactic recently deployed by economic-justice community campaigns has been the negotiation of Community Benefits Agreements (CBAs). CBAs are legally binding agreements between a private developer and a coalition of community-based organizations in which community members pledge support for a development in return for benefits such as living wage jobs, local hiring, and affordable housing. We elucidate key employment-related features of CBAs, and argue that the strongest CBAs result from organizing campaigns which utilize a range of political tactics including the dissensus organizing power of labor-community coalitions. We discuss how CBA campaigns often lead to broader economic justice strategies aimed at public regulation.
A New Pulse Modulated Speech Communication System Having a Minimum Duty Cycle

The development at the Navy Electronics Laboratory of a low duty cycle, multichannel pulse modulation communication system is described. The system provides adequate naturalness of speech while maintaining a quantized sampling rate which is proportional to the information bandwidth. First, a general description of the speech processing and reprocessing techniques is given. This includes techniques for generating infinitely clipped signals, and for deriving an optimum sampling rate from these signals. Next is shown how two separate forms of information, amplitude and frequency, are conveyed by a time modulated pulse. Finally, is presented the results of tests conducted through the system.
Just Think About It: How Can Cognitive Therapy Contribute to the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?

[Clin Psychol Sci Prac 17: 128–133, 2010] As documented by the review by Hassija and Gray (2010), reports of the death of cognitive therapy (CT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are greatly exaggerated. CT has shown evidence of efficacy with adult PTSD comparable with that of prolonged exposure therapy (PE). The cognitive restructuring interventions provided by CT also are an integral component of evidence-based PTSD psychotherapies, such as PE for adults and trauma-focused cognitive-behavior therapy for children and adolescents. Moreover, CT offers a “present-centered” alternative to PTSD psychotherapy that can include, but does not require, trauma memory narrative disclosure. Inclusion of systematic approaches to not only changing thoughts but also enhancing thinking—i.e., self-regulatory information processing—represents an important next step in the development of models of CT for PTSD.
Centromeric chromatin gets loaded

Centromeric nucleosomes contain a histone H3 variant called centromere protein A (CENP-A) that is required for kinetochore assembly and chromosome segregation. Two new studies, Jansen et al. (see p. 795 of this issue) and Maddox et al. (see p. 757 of this issue), address when CENP-A is deposited at centromeres during the cell division cycle and identify an evolutionally conserved protein required for CENP-A deposition. Together, these studies advance our understanding of centromeric chromatin assembly and provide a framework for investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the centromere-specific loading of CENP-A.
Tracking news stories across different sources

Information linkage is becoming more and more important in this digital age. In this paper, we propose a concept tracking method, which links news stories on the same topic across multiple sources. The semantic linkage between the news stories is reflected in combination of both of their visual content and their spoken language content. Visually, each news story is represented by a set of key-frames with or without detected faces. The facial key-frames are linked based on the analysis of the extended facial regions, and the non-facial key-frames are correlated using the global Affine matching. The language similarity is expressed in terms of the normalized text similarity between the stories' keywords. The output results of the story linking are further used in a story ranking task, which indicate the interesting level of the stories. The proposed semantic linking framework and the story ranking method have been tested on a set of 60 hours open-benchmark TRECVID video data, and very satisfactory results for both tasks have been obtained.
Through-thickness piezoresistivity in a carbon fiber polymer-matrix structural composite for electrical-resistance-based through-thickness strain sensing

Piezoresistivity (change of the volume electrical resistivity with strain) in continuous carbon fiber polymer-matrix structural composites allows electrical-resistance-based strain/stress sensing. Uniaxial through-thickness compression is encountered in fastening. As shown for a 24-lamina quasi-isotropic epoxy-matrix composite, compression results in (i) strain-induced reversible decreases in through-thickness and longitudinal volume resistivities, due to increase in the degree of through-thickness fiber–fiber contact, and (ii) minor-damage-induced irreversible changes in these resistivities, due to a microstructural change involving an irreversible through-thickness resistivity increase and an irreversible longitudinal resistivity decrease. The Poisson effect plays a minor role. The effects in the longitudinal resistivity are small compared to those in the through-thickness direction, but longitudinal resistance measurement is more practical. The through-thickness gage factor (reversible fractional change in resistance per unit strain) ranges from 2.6 to 5.1 and the reversible fractional change in through-thickness resistivity per unit through-thickness strain ranges from 1.5 to 4.0, both quantities decreasing with increasing strain magnitude from 0.19% to 0.73% due to the increasing irreversible effect. The irreversible fractional change in through-thickness resistivity per unit through-thickness strain ranges from −1.0 to −1.3 and is strain independent. The effects are consistent with the surface resistance changes previously reported for the same material under flexure.
Securing authentication and privacy in ad hoc partitioned networks

Security is a major concern in the design of modern communication systems. It is particularly challenging with wireless networks such as ad hoc networks. Ad hoc Networks are dynamically reconfigured. For this reason they are vulnerable to several major security threats. This paper focuses on authentication and privacy in partitioned ad hoc networks. We consider the problem of managing revocation lists and discuss privacy issues.
Model of Current Collection to Small Breaches in Electrodynamic-Tether Insulation

Future electrodynamic-tether missions are expected to be long duration (from several months to years); hence, these missions can expect possibly signiflcant performance degradation due to breaches in tether insulating material caused by hazards such as micrometeoroids. In order to accurately predict this performance degradation, the collection of plasma current to these small breaches must be characterized. We have performed a series of plasma chamber experiments on simulated tether samples with holes in the outer insulation to determine I{V characteristics. The samples are fabricated from stainlesssteel wire insulated with conventional shrink or Te∞on tubing, and of annealed copper wire. Various sizes of breaches (holes) have been inserted in the insulation. The sizes of the holes, their number, and their spacing have been varied. The in∞uence of the spacing on the current{voltage characteristic is compared to a developed model. The samples are connected to an electrometer so the I{V characteristic can be measured. Ionospheric-level plasma is generated with a low energy plasma source system running on argon. These results, while directly applicable to electrodynamic tethers, are also important for any insulated wiring on spacecraft that runs the risk of being impacted by micrometeoroids or small orbital debris.
Congenital Dislocation of the Hip—Diagnostic Screening and Treatment A Comparative Study of Two Populations of Infants and Children

To understand why congenital dislocated hip (CDH) was diagnosed late (mean age: nine months) in children admitted to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), 714 consecutive CHOP admissions, aged zero to two years, and 947 consecutive newborns delivered at the Hospital, Uni versity of Pennsylvania (HUP) were examined for CDH. The expected frequency of CDH was found at HUP. At CHOP, the children had a higher incidence of CDH, many with associated congenital anomalies, their hips were more difficult to examine, the hospital records contained few references to hip examinations. Had these children's hips been formally examined at birth, the delay in diagnosis might have been eliminated and treatment might have been easier and more successful.
The Minimum Water Consumption of Ethanol Production via Biomass Fermentation

The water consumption of fermentation-based bio-ethanol production has recently begun to attract public atten- tion. We calculate a minimum consumption of 2.85 gal water/gal of ethanol produced assuming zero liquid discharge and otherwise current industrial practice data. Including cooling tower blowdown and drift this value may increase to on the order of 4 gal water/gal of ethanol produced. Reduction of the thermal energy input to the process is vital to reduce this ir- retrievable water consumption.
Gene–Air Pollution Interaction and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

Genetic susceptibility is likely to play a role in response to air pollution. Hence, gene-environment interaction studies can be a tool for exploring the mechanisms and the importance of the pathway in the association between air pollution and a cardiovascular outcome. In this article, we present a systematic review of the studies that have examined gene-environment interactions in relation to the cardiovascular health effects of air pollutants. We identified 16 articles meeting our search criteria. Of these studies, most have focused on individual functional polymorphisms or individual candidate genes. Moreover, they were all based on 3 study populations that have been extensively investigated in relation to air pollution effects: the Normative Aging Study, Air Pollution and Inflammatory Response in Myocardial Infarction Survivors: Gene-Environment Interaction in a High Risk Group, and Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. In conclusions, the studies differed substantially in both the cardiovascular outcomes examined and the polymorphisms examined, so there is little confirmation of results across cohorts. Gene-environment interaction studies can help explore the mechanisms and the potential pathway in the association between air pollution and a cardiovascular outcome; replication of findings and studies involving multiple cohorts would be needed to draw stronger conclusions.
High-Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Chloramphenicol in Biological Fluids

Chloramphenicol can be assayed by a sensitive and selective high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay technique. The method described is easily adapted to analysis of many other drugs.
Individual Variation in Fruit Choice by American Robins (Turdus migratorius)

A13STRACT.--I tested American Robins (Turdus migratorius) for individual differences in fruit consumption and preference when offered six trials of a three-way choice of white mulberry (red variety; Morus alba L.), Bella honeysuckle (Lonicera x bella), and red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.) fruits. Fruit choice was examined secondarily in relation to indices of fruit quality (fruit mass, percent water, refractive index, trial date, source plant) and in relation to age, sex, and individual morphometric variation of the birds. Pooling all trials and all birds, mulberry was eaten significantly more than either honeysuckle or dogwood. Although adults differed from juveniles in body mass at capture and in relative bill dimensions, fruit choice did not vary in relation to age or sex. Also, juveniles were not more variable than adults in fruit choice. However, individual birds differed significantly in fruit choice (15 preferred mulberry, 2 preferred dogwood, 0 preferred honeysuckle), and 15 individuals were consistent in fruit choice from trial-to-trial. Indices of fruit quality changed over the course of the study. For each of the three fruit species, some variables were significantly different among individual plants, over time, or both. Some fruit-quality variables explained small but significant amounts of variation in fruit consumption (numbers of fruits eaten) and preference (number of fruit A eaten/[(number of fruit B eaten) + (number of fruit C eaten)]. Robins preferred fruits from mulberry trees that had fruits of relatively lower mass and higher refractive index. After I controlled for effects of fruit quality, trial date, and source plant in multiple regression analyses, residual consumption and preference scores still differed significantly among individuals. Residuals for mulberry and dogwood were negatively correlated, which implies a trade-off in consumption of these two fruits. Individual differences in body mass, but not in bill or wing dimensions, explained significant amounts of the variation in residual mulberry consumption and in mulberry and dogwood preference. Heavier robins tended to prefer and eat more mulberries, the largest fruit, whereas lighter robins preferred dogwood fruits, which were the smallest. Dietary diversity correlated positively with wing length. Received 26 December 1990, accepted 8 June 1991.
Ion injection optimization for a linear Paul trap to study intense beam propagation

The Paul Trap Simulator Experiment (PTSX) is a linear Paul trap whose purpose is to simulate the nonlinear transverse dynamics of intense charged particle beam propagation in periodic-focusing quadrupole magnetic transport systems. Externally created cesium ions are injected and trapped in the long central electrodes of the PTSX device. In order to have well-matched one-component plasma equilibria for various beam physics experiments, it is important to optimize the ion injection. From the experimental studies reported in this paper, it is found that the injection process can be optimized by minimizing the beam mismatch between the source and the focusing lattice, and by minimizing the number of particles present in the vicinity of the injection electrodes when the injection electrodes are switched from the fully oscillating voltage waveform to their static trapping voltage.
Anthropology and tourism: A science-industry evaluation

Abstract The anthropological contribution to touristic study derives from this discipline's holistic perception of human culture and its comparative methodology. Renewed use of the “national character” approach, applying traditional field methods to industrial societies, would serve to identify elements stimulating tourism in the donor area and the needs within the recipient region. A tourist region is defined as a marketable destination with the surrounding support zones to supply requisite visitor services. The relationship between tourism and regional development needs to be assessed in terms of the economy theory of multiplier effect, as money, goods, services and people flow between the regional core and its support zones. Models illustrate internal development as well as donor-recipient relations. Science and industry share common goals in development and management of tourism, noted by efforts to educate the decision-makers as well as the tourist.
Potential/complex-lamellar velocity decomposition and its relevance to turbulence

In discussing turbulent shear layers, experimentalists have divided the flow into a turbulent region, which is vortical, and a non-turbulent region, which is irrotational but unsteady. This paper introduces a theoretical method of decomposing the velocity field into potential and vortical components that is compatible with the experimentalists’ viewpoint. Specifically, only potential motions will exist in the non-turbulent region, while the decomposition shows that the turbulent region consists of both potential and vortical motions. The kinematic decomposition used is called a potential/complex-lamellar decomposition. Compared with the standard Helmholtz decomposition, the complex-lamellar decomposition is not widely known, and this article includes a discussion of its properties and characteristics. The vector components in this decomposition may be represented by three scalar potentials: ϕ, ψ and χ. One of the important physical interpretations of the potentials concerns vortex lines. Vortex lines are defined by the intersection of a surface ψ = constant with a surface χ = constant. Since these surfaces are a function of time, this establishes a sound kinematic theory for following the history of vortex lines in a turbulent or viscous flow.
Volume of distribution and fractional clearance of urea in amputees on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

ObjectivesTo demonstrate the effects of amputation on the estimates of urea volume of distribution (V) and KTN urea in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and to present a met...
Measurement of trust over time in hybrid inspection systems: Research Articles

A study was conducted to measure the effects of human trust and to determine how it develops over time in a hybrid inspection system given different types of errors (i.e., false alarms and misses). The study also looked at which of the four dimensions of trust (competence, predictability, reliability, and faith) were the best predictors of overall trust. Results from the study showed that trust is sensitive to the type of errors made by a system. There was a significant change in overall trust between the stages for the conservative and risky systems, but no significant change in the neutral system. In regards to the best predictors of trust, faith appeared as one of the predictors in all three trial blocks for the conservative and risky systems. As time progressed, predictability emerged in the second and third trial blocks for the conservative system. Competence played an important role in the development of trust for the risky system, whereas reliability played an important role for the neutral system. These results suggest that subjective ratings of trust and the properties of the system can be used to predict the allocation of functions in hybrid inspection systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 177–196, 2005.
The Cultures of Sleep

Edited byJacquelyn H. Flaskerud, RN, PhD, FAANUniversity of California, School of Nursing, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USAAt first reflection it might seem that sleep is a biological and ...
Facebook Marketing for Fashion Apparel Brands: Effect of Other Consumer Postings and Type of Brand Comment on Brand Trust and Purchase Intention

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to examine the effect of a brand’s comments in attenuating (enhancing) the negative (positive) influence on brand trust and purchase intention of other consumers’ postings on social media. To develop more precise results for this study, a 3 (brand comment: automated comment, personalized comment and no comment) × 3 (other consumers’ postings: positive, negative and mixed) experimental research design was employed. With total usable data of 530, MANOVA analysis examined the hypothesized relationships. Findings from the main test revealed brand comments have no effect on brand trust or purchase intention, while other consumers’ postings have a significant effect on consumers’ brand trust but not on purchase intention.
Combating the Suicide Epidemic: The Effects of Leisure Engagement on the Incidence of Depression and Poor Life Satisfaction in Soldiers

ABSTRACTThis cross-sectional study examined the relationship of leisure engagement to levels of depression and life satisfaction in U.S. Army Soldiers. The relationship between overall time engaging in leisure, as well as categories of physically active and sedentary leisure, on the incidence of depression and poor life satisfaction were examined. Results from self-report survey of 230 soldiers revealed higher amounts of time spent engaged in leisure correlated with reported lower levels of depression and higher life satisfaction. The categories physically active and sedentary leisure did not demonstrate a distinct relationship to levels of depression, but both positively related to life satisfaction.
Comparative Evaluation of Control-Oriented Zone Temperature Prediction Modeling Strategies in Buildings

Predictive modeling of zone environment plays a critical role in developing and deploying advanced performance monitoring and control strategies for energy usage minimization in buildings while maintaining occupant comfort. The task remains extremely challenging, as buildings are fundamentally complex systems with large uncertainties stemming from weather, occupants, and building dynamics. Over the past few years, purely data-driven various control-oriented modeling techniques have been proposed to address different requirements, such as prediction accuracy, flexibility, computation and memory complexity. In this context, this paper presents a comparative evaluation among representative methods of different classes of models, such as first principles driven (e.g., lumped parameter autoregressive models using simple physical relationships), data-driven (e.g., artificial neural networks, Gaussian processes) and hybrid (e.g., semi-parametric). Apart from quantitative metrics described above, various qualitative aspects such as cost of commissioning, robustness and adaptability are discussed as well. Real data from Iowa Energy Center’s Energy Resource Station (ERS) test bed is used as the basis of evaluation presented here.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Functional analysis of sex roles.

T HE CONCEPT of social roles with special reference to sex and age roles has been the subject of increasing sociological interest. But the problem of sex roles in various segments of our society requires further systematic empirical study. This paper attempts to outline what is believed to constitute a fruitful theoretical orientation for such research and to illustrate the application of this theoretical approach in a pilot study, involving twenty intensive case histories of middle class urban married women, in the summer of I949. The study was focused on the "problem" aspects of sex roles, and while the discussion will be thus delimited, the theoretical approach it advocates appears equally applicable to other aspects of this general subject. That there exists a great deal of strain in women's roles among the urban middle classes is generally recognized but the description and analysis of this phenomenon remain to be developed. The mere diversity of roles that women must play at different ages or in different relations need not in itself create a problem. Many societies show such diversity without causing either social conflict or personal disorganization. Indeed in any society, age, sex, class, occupation, race, and ethnic background involve the individual in a variety of socially sanctioned patterns of interaction vis-a-vis different categories of persons. Why, then, to put the question most generally, do sex roles today present such an arena of social and mental conflict? Probably the most influential and systematically developed answer to this question today is the one found in psychiatric literature. This answer centers upon two
A Polishless Method For Preparation Of Cross-Sectional Tem Samples

Cross-sectional samples for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) have been made without the use of mechanical polishing and ion beam milling. Instead of traditional methods, we have used a combination of electron beam (e-beam) lithography for metal lift-off and reactive ion etching (RIE) to produce TEM samples of selected areas. The sample integrity for handling, dropping and ease of use is excellent, and the large amount of transparent area available for study is nearly 2 orders of magnitude larger than that given by traditional methods. The thickness of the samples is somewhat extreme, on the order of 0.50–1.0μm, but efforts are being made to reduce this dimension in order to make the method applicable to the whole range of materials used in silicon technology.
Analysis on the Adoption Status of Relay Cropping Cultivation Techniques in China

In agricultural production,there are two ways to increase crop yield,one by expansion of area and the other by increasing the yield of unit area.In Chinese,there are too many people and too little land,so only the second way was available.In the vast northern region,the energy resource is more for one crop,but not enough for two crops in one year.And in most southern region,the energy resource is more for two crops,but not enough for three crops in one year.If we adopt reasonable relay cropping,we can take advantage of the local light,heat and land resources.Therefore,relay cropping is an effective way to increase the yield of unit area.The concept of relay cropping and common relay cropping models was summarized,and the significance and mechanism of increasing yield was analyzed.
Putting Meaning into Your Trees

The meaning of a sentence is an essential aspect of natural language understanding, yet an elusive one, since there is no accepted methodology for determining it. There is not even a consensus on criteria for distinguishing word senses. Clearly a more robust technology is needed that uses data-driven techniques. These techniques typically rely on supervised machine learning, so a critical goal is the definition of a level of semantic representation (sense tags and semantic role labels) that could be consistently annotated on a large scale. We have been training automatic WSD systems on the English sense-tagged training data based on WordNet that we supplied to SENSEVAL2 (Dang & Palmer, 2002). A pervasive problem with sense tagging is finding a sense inventory with clear criteria for sense distinctions. WordNet is often criticized for its subtle and fine-grained sense distinctions. Perhaps more consistent and coarse-grained sense distinctions would be more suitable for natural language processing applications. Grouping the highly polysemous verb senses in WordNet (on average reducing the >16 senses per verb to 8) provides an important first step a more flexible granularity for WordNet senses that improves both inter-annotator agreement (71% to 82%) and system performance (60.2% to 69%) (Dang & Palmer, 2002). The Frameset sense tags associated with the PropBank, as discussed below, provide an even more coarse-grained and easily replicable level of sense distinctions.
Introduction to Superconductivity

We are all aware of the fact that a revolution is taking place in the field of superconductivity. Properties, that for 75 years and despite the efforts of numerous scientists were restricted to extremely low temperatures, were extended dramatically in 1986 by Bednorz, Mueller [1] and others to new classes of materials and to more easily-accessible conditions. Because of the scope of these developments, it is probable that new mechanisms for the phenomenon will need to be identified and understood. Fortunately, there is a remarkable number of properties and behaviors which the high-temperature oxides share in common with conventional, low-temperature superconducting materials. The purpose of this introduction is to review those general features of superconductivity, mostly at the phenomenological level, which are common to both low- and high-temperature superconductors and which support our understanding and application of both.
Colonization of Cecal Mucosal Epithelium in Chicks Treated with a Continuous Flow Culture of 29 Characterized Bacteria: Confirmation by Scanning Electron Microscopy †.

Bacterial colonization of cecal mucosal epithelium in 3-day-old chicks administered a characterized continuous-flow (CF) culture of 29 microorganisms on the day of hatch was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Extensive colonization of the mucosa was noted in the ceca of CF-treated chicks, with large colonies of bacteria located predominately within and between crypts. Cecal crypts from control chicks contained only thin strands of mucus with a few bacteria. Individual cells and clumps of bacteria were observed bound to the mucosal epithelium in both CF-treated and control chicks. Colonization by CF culture bacteria was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the cecal contents and increased resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium .
Impacts of management and antecedent site condition on restoration outcomes in a sand prairie

Landscape context and site history, including antecedent site conditions, may constrain restoration potential despite the efforts of restoration practitioners. However, few experimental studies have investigated the relative importance of antecedent site conditions and the intensity of on-site management in driving restoration outcomes. We established small-scale prairie restoration experiments within the Lost Mound Unit of the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge in Illinois, U.S.A. We investigated the effectiveness of two restoration treatments, herbicide application and seeding of native plants, on removal of invasive crown-vetch (Securigera varia) and recovery of sand prairie plant communities. We replicated treatment plots across 15 locations with three levels of antecedent condition and fire treatment (burned, undegraded; burned, degraded; and unburned, degraded) to determine whether antecedent condition constrained the effectiveness of on-site restoration. Two years after initial herbicide application crown-vetch cover was significantly reduced relative to untreated controls. This effect was more pronounced in plots treated twice with herbicide. However, removal of crown-vetch facilitated invasion by Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). Addition of native prairie seed had little effect on restoration outcomes, regardless of herbicide application. Native community recovery was greater in plots restored in less degraded locations. Herbicide application tended to increase native species cover, but importantly, this effect was significant only in the least degraded locations. Intensive restoration management conducted in degraded landscapes can result in undesirable outcomes such as secondary species invasion. Reestablishment of native species following restoration is more likely where the surrounding remnant communities are intact.
Regionalism and Cultural Expression

A region is a geographic concept that denotes a set of places understood as having something in common. While this common ground is typically geographic, political, and/or economic, it gives rise to shared forms of cultural expression as well; conversely, shared culture may encourage political or economic linkage, even perceived geographic unity. Regional culture refers to these shared cultural patterns most generally, while regionalism is reserved for a highly favorable evaluation of the culture of place. Research has addressed questions about regionalism's political implications, its persistence under conditions of modernity, and its capacity to ground identities under conditions of postmodernity.
A study of unnecessary write backs

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies are expected to become more prevalent in caches and main memory due to better scalability into smaller dimensions. Unfortunately, they come with the price of long write latency and high write energy. We propose to provide language supports to exploit the programmer's knowledge of the applications to reduce unnecessary writes to NVM-based caches and main memory. This will allow programmers to write code that will reduce the number of cache write backs that will not be needed in the future program execution. This can be done with "hints" that a programmer can add to their code to help the system software and hardware to identify regions of code that can be optimized. A study of the potential benefits of this proposed mechanism is performed on a sequence alignment tool used for bioinformatics. We found that up to 60% of write backs from an L2 cache and up to 10% of write backs from an L1 cache were not needed.
A view from the inside: Collaborating with students to flip the classroom in real time

This article details decisions made to flip a small, public administration graduate-level course in real time. Interweaving student feedback with instructor notes and reflections gives a unique, pe...
Observing, resisting, and problem-posing language and power: Possibilities for small stories in inservice teacher education

Abstract Given the role of literacy education in (re)producing both oppressive and emancipatory language ideologies, teacher education must attend to teachers’ developing understandings of language and language learning. In this study, we examine one possible tool for building such understandings: through the telling of small stories. Focusing on small stories told during discussion of language variation within a graduate education course, we analyzed thirty such stories to identify how they were used to build identity positions and discourses of language. Three types of small stories were identified, each positioning the teller in distinct ways with regards to power and agency: as passive observer, as active resister, or as uncertain participant. These findings suggest affordances and constraints for using these types of narratives to examine and construct language ideologies within teacher education.
NMR Imaging: Application to Elastomeric Materials

We have examined a number of elastomeric systems of similar glass transition temperature Tg but differing chain segmental mobilities. Usable hydrogen images were obtained at ambient temperatures in reasonable times (one half hour to overnight) for bulk cis-polybutadiene, natural rubber and a cured, carbon-black-filled cis-polybutadiene. Image quality is, as expected, highly dependent on the relative values of T2, the spin-spin relaxation time, and TE, the time to echo. Thus, under comparable conditions pure cis-polybutadiene gave a better image than natural rubber, which in turn gave a better image than the cured, filled cis-polybutadiene. Polyisobutylene, a rubber with the same Tg as natural rubber, but a T2 < 1 ms, gave no image under the same conditions. The polymers were imaged using a spin-echo sequence, a gradient-echo sequence, and 3-D thick-slice sequence. The gradient-echo sequence may be better than the spin-echo sequence for detection of macroscopic defects such as voids, gaps, or small foreign particles in elastomers. A crude resolution test was performed on sheets of cured, filled cis-polybutadiene separated by spacers of variable width. Features as small as 0.07 mm could be detected even though the pixel size was considerably larger.
Adaptive Control of Time-Varying and Nonlinear Systems

This chapter contains theoretical concepts that are more advanced than those used in the preceding chapters. These concepts and several references are used to show that the preceding adaptive controllers still maintain stability with respect to boundedness even for certain classes of time-varying and nonlinear systems. An early illustration of this behavior was shown in the example of Section 1.2. To prevent this presentation from being over-burdened with new and complex material, this chapter gives only a brief presentation of the main proofs and results. More elaborate proofs and some illustrative examples are found in the references cited at the end of this chapter.
CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL OPIATE BINDING SITES SELECTIVE FOR BENZOMORPHAN DRUGS

After quenching morphine (μ) and enkephalin (δ)-binding sites with the selective μ-agonist (morphiceptin) and the δ-agonist ([D-Ala 2 , D-leu 5 ]-enkephalin), a novel opiate binding site selective for benzomorphan drugs has been characterized in rat brain membrane preparations by [ 3 H]diprenorphine binding. This binding site shows stereospecificity. (–)Ethylketocyclazocine is about 660-times more potent than its (+)-isomer in competing with [ 3 H]diprenorphine binding to this binding site. This benzomorphan binding site is also sensitive to treatment with trypsin or N-ethylmaleimide. The binding of β h -endorphin to the benzomorphan site (K i =7.6 nM) is 8 to 12 times weaker than to the morphine (μ) and enkephalin (δ) sites.
Is Crowdsourcing a Source of Worker Empowerment or Exploitation? Understanding Crowd Workers’ Perceptions of Crowdsourcing Career

Crowdsourcing offers new forms of work arrangements enabled and facilitated by the advancements in Internet technologies and growing popularity of social media. However, do these new forms of work empower workers to craft their own careers or do they create a sweatshop where workers complete fragmented tasks to earn minimal pay? We posit that career theories and job crafting approaches collectively provide valuable theoretical perspectives for examining this question. By assessing the degree to which these platforms afford or constrain the workers to exert their personal agencies (i.e., affords career and job crafting preferences), we argue, will partially determine whether these new forms of work are a harbinger of worker empowerment or exploitation. Preliminary findings of this exploratory research-in-progress, conducted using two types of workers on Amazon-Mechanical-Turk, reveal that these new forms of work arrangements have a potential for both empowerment and exploitation of workers.
Usefulness of Echocardiography in Children with New-Onset Supraventricular Tachycardia

Background Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in children. Infants with SVT and ventricular preexcitation (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) are known to have up to 30% prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD). Infants without ventricular preexcitation who present with SVT at Methods Children aged 2 to 18 years presenting with confirmed SVT between January 2011 and December 2015 were included in this retrospective review. Patients with any history of ventricular preexcitation or preexisting heart disease were excluded. Medical records were reviewed, and electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings were classified as normal, incidental, or abnormal. Results Two hundred ninety patients met the inclusion criteria. Echocardiographic examinations were completed on 224 patients. Only one patient was found to have CHD, a moderate primum atrial septal defect. This patient was noted to have electrocardiographic abnormalities consistent with primum atrial septal defect. Conclusions For older children and adolescents with no known heart disease presenting with SVT without ventricular preexcitation, echocardiography may not be a necessary part of initial evaluation when the results of physical examination and electrocardiography are normal.
DIFT Games: Dynamic Information Flow Tracking Games for Advanced Persistent Threats

Dynamic Information Flow Tracking (DIFT) has been proposed to detect stealthy and persistent cyber attacks that evade existing defenses such as firewalls and signature-based antivirus systems. A DIFT defense taints and tracks suspicious information flows across the network in order to identify possible attacks, at the cost of additional memory overhead for tracking non-adversarial information flows. In this paper, we present the first analytical model that describes the interaction between DIFT and adversarial information flows, including the probability that the adversary evades detection and the performance overhead of the defense. Our analytical model consists of a multi-stage game, in which each stage represents a system process through which the information flow passes. We characterize the optimal strategies for both the defense and adversary, and derive efficient algorithms for computing the strategies. Our results are evaluated on a realworld attack dataset obtained using the Refinable Attack Investigation (RAIN) framework, enabling us to draw conclusions on the optimal adversary and defense strategies, as well as the effect of valid information flows on the interaction between adversary and defense.
A prospective randomized open-label study of single injection versus continuous adductor canal block for postoperative analgesia after total knee arthroplasty.

AimsAdductor canal block (ACB) has emerged as an alternative to femoral nerve block (FNB) for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The optimal duration of maintenance of the ACB is still ...
Opioid Versus Nonopioid Analgesia After Carpal Tunnel Release: A Randomized, Prospective Study.

Background: The purpose of this investigation was to compare pain control and patient satisfaction for conventional postoperative opioid analgesia and nonopioid multimodal analgesia after elective ...
Second-Generation Tryptamine Derivatives Potently Sensitize Colistin Resistant Bacteria to Colistin.

Antibiotic resistance has significantly increased since the beginning of the 21st century. Currently, the polymyxin colistin is typically viewed as the antibiotic of last resort for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, increased colistin usage has resulted in colistin-resistant bacterial isolates becoming more common. The recent dissemination of plasmid-borne colistin resistance genes (mcr 1–8) into the human pathogen pool is further threatening to render colistin therapy ineffective. New methods to combat antibiotic resistant pathogens are needed. Herein, the utilization of a colistin-adjuvant combination that is effective against colistin-resistant bacteria is described. At 5 μM, the lead adjuvant, which is nontoxic to the bacteria alone, increases colistin efficacy 32-fold against bacteria containing the mcr-1 gene and effects a 1024-fold increase in colistin efficacy against bacteria harboring chromosomally encoded colistin resistance determinants; these co...
Discussions on Research Trends and Needs

In addition to the formal lectures and contributed papers recorded in this volume, numerous open and informal discussions occurred between lecturers and students to clarify the content of presentations and to suggest the possible trend of future investigations. The following records some particular discussions of this nature which were guided by a panel of senior participants with the aim of shedding light on the need for further research and understanding. The topics selected were Initiation, Performance, Dispersed Systems, Kinetics, and Synthesis; and the discussions were led respectively by Drs. H. Eyring, C. Mader, J.A. Nicholls, J.H.S. Lee, and J.V.R. Kaufman.