cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic plasticity in bacterial plasmids.

Plasmid pB15 was previously shown to evolve increased horizontal (infectious) transfer at the expense of reduced vertical (intergenerational) transfer and vice versa, a key trade-off assumed in theories of parasite virulence. Whereas the models predict that susceptible host abundance should determine which mode of transfer is selectively favored, host density failed to mediate the trade-off in pB15. One possibility is that the plasmid9s transfer deviates from the assumption that horizontal spread (conjugation) occurs in direct proportion to cell density. I tested this hypothesis using Escherichia coli /pB15 associations in laboratory serial culture. Contrary to most models of plasmid transfer kinetics, my data show that pB15 invades static (nonshaking) bacterial cultures only at intermediate densities. The results can be explained by phenotypic plasticity in traits governing plasmid transfer. As cells become more numerous, the plasmid9s conjugative transfer unexpectedly declines, while the trade-off between transmission routes causes vertical transfer to increase. Thus, at intermediate densities the plasmid9s horizontal transfer can offset selection against plasmid-bearing cells, but at high densities pB15 conjugates so poorly that it cannot invade. I discuss adaptive vs. nonadaptive causes for the phenotypic plasticity, as well as potential mechanisms that may lead to complex transfer dynamics of plasmids in liquid environments.
Design of a Correlator for Real-Time Video Comparisons

The problem of locating a reference image within a larger image using a correlation technique is discussed. Although the particular application discussed is that of locating a reference image obtained from one video sensor or a photograph, within the larger field of view obtained from a second video sensor in real time (i.e., at the TV field rate), the results are general and useful for a number of applications. The tradeoffs necessary to obtain real time correlat are discussed and their effect on correlation accuracy is given.
Annular pancreas associated with duodenal obstruction.

A preterm neonate weighing 1360 g was born at 33+2 weeks’ gestation with severe polyhydramnios. She was transferred, directly after delivery, to our neonatal intensive care unit presenting with distended upper abdomen and vomiting. A plain film of the abdomen (figure 1) was performed with the suspicion of duodenal atresia and showed a markedly distended …
Continuities and discontinuities in infants' representation of objects and events

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a review of the literature on infants' representation of objects and events suggests that striking discontinuities exist in the interpretation of the data. The importance of considering non-conceptual accounts is described and how data with toddlers constrains and reinterprets the infant data is investigated. The studies are efforts to determine what makes the search task difficult for the young child. The problem seems very simple and straightforward on the surface, but study after study has shown that this is not the case. Moreover, the chapter discusses issues of visual tracking and catching of moving objects and concludes with a discussion of the infant and toddler data in the context of others' data to arrive at an interpretation that clarifies and integrates the findings.
Composite proton exchange membranes from zirconium‐based solid acids and PVDF/acrylic polyelectrolyte blends

Organic–inorganic composite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are of interest in fuel cell applications because of potential benefits in conductivity, mechanical, and transport properties that may be imparted by the inorganic component. Our previous work showed that polymeric membranes based on blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and cross-linked sulfonated acrylic polyelectrolytes (PE) compare favorably against the proton conductivity and mechanical properties of commercial perfluorosulfonic acid-based PEMs. One problem found in the previous study was that crystalline regions in homopolymers of PVDF interfered with the formation of proton conducting pathways by the PE component. In this study, we explore the ability to use proton-conductive zirconium-based inorganic particles to improve conductivity in such PVDF/PE membranes. Three different particles were considered, namely, zirconium oxide, zirconium hydroxide sulfate, and zirconium hydrogen phosphate. Dispersion of particles in the polymer matrix was limited, resulting in severe aggregation at particle loadings above 5 wt %. Nevertheless, a general improvement in proton conductivity was evidenced in composite membranes with 0.5 to 1 wt % particle loadings. This beneficial effect was particularly noticeable in membranes manufactured from highly crystalline PVDF homopolymers (7 to 14% increase). We propose that the surface of zirconium particles act to provide proton conducting pathways between PE regions that otherwise would become blocked due to PVDF crystallization. In addition to conductivity, composite membranes exhibited enhancement of tensile properties at identical particle loadings, especially in membranes containing more flexible PVDF:HFP copolymers, where a reinforcing stiffening effect was evident (19 to 22% elastic modulus increment). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Racialized Mobility Transitions in Philadelphia: Connecting Urban Sustainability and Transport Justice

National level statistics show a decade-long decline in the use of cars in the United States as well as other developed countries. This transition has been connected to growth in more sustainable forms of urban transport such as walking, bicycling, and increased use of transit, as well as changes in urban spatial planning. This article examines the recent trends toward more sustainable mobility in Philadelphia, in order to locate these cultural changes in a specific spatial, cultural, and racial context. The article raises the crucial yet often ignored issue of how urban spatial form and mobility regimes in post-industrial cities like Philadelphia are highly inflected by racial space and racialized mobilities. It suggests that wider trends toward decreasing young white automobility in cities across the U.S. must be situated in relation to changing patterns of suburbanization of poverty, gentrification of city centers, and struggles over public transit access and investment. The specific case is analyzed in relation to multi-level transition theories, cultural analysis of mobility frames and discourses, and the addition of local observation of everyday transport drawing on perspectives from mobilities research. A focus on racial space and transport inequality adds new insights to understanding the limits of any transition that may be taking place in the American automobility regime, and it expands how such transitions are being culturally framed and promoted.
Experimental Study of a Delta Wing with Upper and Lower Flaps

An experimental investigation is conducted to study the effects of deflectable flaps on the aerodynamic characteristics of a TCP-sweep delta wing. Leading edge upper-surface flaps and lower-surface flaps are investigated. The flaps are deflected downward at angles from 0° to 90°, and the aerodynamic loads are measured with a six component internal strain gage balance. All tests are conducted at a freestream velocity of 12 m/sec, corresponding to a chord Reynolds number of 4.9*105, and at angles of attack of-l°to41°. It is shown that both the upper and the lower flaps alter the aerodynamic characteristics of a delta wing by creating suction force that acts normal to the flap. However, the effect of the upper flaps on the aerodynamic characteristics is much more profound, relative to the effect of the lower flaps. Upper flaps greatly reduce the drag and the lift of the wing, throughout the entire range of deflection angles tested. As a result an increase of approximately 20% in the maximum lift-to drag ratio is obtained, with the upper flaps deflected at 35°, Lower flaps only slightly affect the lift, and increase the drag over most of the angle-of attack tested. As a result, only a small increase of 2% in the maximum lift-to-drag ratio is obtained, with deflection angles lower than 40°.
Bax Loss Impairs Myc-Induced Apoptosis and Circumvents the Selection of p53 Mutations during Myc-Mediated Lymphomagenesis

The ARF and p53 tumor suppressors mediate Myc-induced apoptosis and suppress lymphoma development in Eμ-myc transgenic mice. Here we report that the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bax also mediates apoptosis triggered by Myc and inhibits Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Bax-deficient primary pre-B cells are resistant to the apoptotic effects of Myc, and Bax loss accelerates lymphoma development in Eμ-myc transgenics in a dose-dependent fashion. Eighty percent of lymphomas arising in wild-type Eμ-myc transgenics have alterations in the ARF-Mdm2-p53 tumor suppressor pathway characterized by deletions in ARF, mutations or deletions of p53, and overexpression of Mdm2. The absence of Bax did not alter the frequency of biallelic deletion of ARF in lymphomas arising in Eμ-myc transgenic mice or the rate of tumorigenesis in ARF-null mice. Furthermore, Mdm2 was overexpressed at the same frequency in lymphomas irrespective of Bax status, suggesting that Bax resides in a pathway separate from ARF and Mdm2. Strikingly, lymphomas from Bax-null Eμ-myc transgenics lacked p53 alterations, whereas 27% of the tumors in Bax+/− Eμ-myc transgenic mice contained p53 mutations or deletions. Thus, the loss of Bax eliminates the selection of p53 mutations and deletions, but not ARF deletions or Mdm2 overexpression, during Myc-induced tumorigenesis, formally demonstrating that Myc-induced apoptotic signals through ARF/Mdm2 and p53 must bifurcate: p53 signals through Bax, whereas this is not necessarily the case for ARF and Mdm2.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: Major autoantigens, pathophysiology, and disease associations

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are important serological markers for the primary systemic vasculitides, including microscopic polyarteritis and necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. Numerous reports have established the clinical utility of ANCA titer in monitoring disease activity, relapses, and response to treatment. ANCA, detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assays using patient's serum and ethanol-fixed human neutrophils, produce two common fluorescent staining patterns: cytoplasmic (C-ANCA), involving a 29-kD neutral serine protease termed proteinase 3 (PR3), and perinuclear (P-ANCA), the result mainly of myeloperoxidase (MPO), but occasionally by other components of the azurophilic granules including lysozyme, elastase, cathepsins, and lactoferrin. Some sera contain granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies (GS-ANA), which require formaldehyde fixation of neutrophils to cross link cytoplasmic antigens for distinguishing between ANCA and the GS-ANA by IIF. Positive IIF is confirmed by Western blot analysis or specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for PR3, MPO, and other neutrophil granule antigens. The C-ANCA pattern is highly specific for Wegener's granulomatosis, a disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation, necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis; P-ANCA is found in sera of individuals with vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, and several other diseases. ANCA are predominantly immunoglobulin (Ig)G isotype, but may be IgM and IgA. Various pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed involving ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation in a hypothetical model of vasculitic diseases: positive signals via the FcgammaRII (CD32) receptor after IgG-ANCA binding to membrane-associated PR3, relevant cytokines, production of adhesion molecules on both activated neutrophils and endothelial cells, and the release of neutrophil reactive oxygen species and degranulation causing endothelial cell damage. Interference of C-ANCA with PR3 proteolysis and PR3 inhibition physiologically by the alpha1-proteinase inhibitor may have a pathogenic role. No convincing data have been reported for the existence of autoreactive T lymphocytes reactive to any degree with the neutrophil azurophilic enzymes. Studies of various drug- and infectious agent-related diseases and ANCA may contribute to understanding the mechanism(s) involved in some vasculitides.
"Under-Participation" and Ethnocentrism in Environmental Education Research: Developing "Culturally Sensitive Research Approaches".

Racial and cultural diversity issues have been a source of some interest amongst outdoor and environmental educators. Early research was framed in terms of the “under-participation” of people of colour, which led to the development of ethnocentric and methodologically problematical “marginality” and “ethnicity” theories. There is, however, a growing body of research, educational and otherwise, which focuses on people of colour, and which privileges culture as being central to the research process. I argue that there are currently (at least) three interrelated “culturally sensitive research approaches” in use to differing extents in environmental education in its widest sense: “ethnic modeling in qualitative research;” “culturing” environmental education; and community based participatory research. I conclude by making a plea for “culturally sensitive research approaches” to become inherent in all environmental education research. Resume Les questions de diversite raciale et culturelle ont constitue une certaine source d’interet pour les educateurs environnementaux et de plein air. Les premiers travaux de recherche se sont articules sous le signe d’une « sousparticipation » des personnes de couleur, phenomene ayant donne lieu a l’elaboration de theories ethnocentristes de la « marginalite » et de l’« ethnicite » qui sont methodologiquement problematiques. Il est toutefois une masse grandissante de recherches, educationnelles et autres, consacrees aux personnes de couleur et qui privilegient la culture a titre d’element central du processus de recherche. J’avance qu’il existe presentement (au moins) trois « approches culturo-sensibles en recherche » etroitement liees et que ces approches sont employees pour repousser les limites de l’ERE dans son sens le plus large : la « modelisation ethnique en recherche qualitative », la « culturalisation » de l’ERE et la recherche participative axee sur la communaute. Je conclus en preconisant l’adoption d’« approches culturo-sensibles en recherche » dans tous les travaux de recherche qui s’effectuent dans le domaine de l’ERE.
Helicobacter pylori infection and insulin requirement among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective. Helicobacter pylori induces gastric inflammation and the production of cytokines in infected individuals. Theoretically, this increased production of cytokines could be deleterious for the control of the glycemia of patients with diabetes. This study aimed to describe the insulin requirement among patients with type 1 diabetes and H pylori infection compared with uninfected counterparts. Methods. Cross-sectional design. Demographic information (age, gender, race, annual family income, and number of individuals per room in the household) and clinical information (age at diagnosis of diabetes, duration of illness, weight, height, compliance with clinical appointments, daily insulin units per kilogram of body weight [IU/kg/d], and glycosylated hemoglobin A level) was obtained from children and adolescents with diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus who were seen at Children9s Hospital in New Orleans. A total of 2 mL of blood was also collected and sera were tested forH pylori-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay. The daily insulin requirement among infected and uninfected children was compared, and the effect of other variables was evaluated with multiple linear regression. Results. Of the 71 subjects who were evaluated (median age: 11 years), 11 (15.5%) were found to be infected. H pylori infection was more frequent among subjects who were older, who had a lower family income, and who were black. Infected children were found to require more insulin (1.2 vs 0.9 IU/Kg/d) and their glycosylated hemoglobin A level was higher (14.9 vs 11.8) than the level found in uninfected subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis identified H pylori infection duration of illness, race (black), body mass index, and gender (female), to be associated independently with increased daily insulin requirement (IU/kg/d). Conclusion. In our study population, children with type 1 diabetes and H pylori infection had an increased daily insulin requirement compared with the requirement of their uninfected peers. The reason for this association requires additional investigation.
Action’s Effect on Perception

According to the action-specific perception account, people perceive the environment in terms of their ability to act in it. For example, softball players who are hitting better see the ball as bigger. Factors that affect ability and thus influence perception include body size, body control and coordination, energetic potential, and the challenges of the task. Acknowledging the influence of ability on perception challenges the traditional view that perception provides an objective, behaviorally independent representation of the environment. Instead, perception captures the mutual relationship between the environment and the perceiver’s abilities. Consequently, these effects are potentially adaptive for helping perceivers plan future actions based on their abilities.
THE RECEPTION OF DIONYSIUS IN TWENTIETH‐CENTURY EASTERN ORTHODOXY

This essay surveys diverse interpretations of the CD by twentieth-century Eastern Orthodox theologians. This essay argues that the evaluation of Dionysius' contribution crucially depends upon the master narrative within which the CD is considered. For example, for Vladimir Lossky, Dionysius' apophaticism was the “dogmatic ground” of Byzantine mystical theology, whereas according to John Meyendorff, Dionysius' theology was in need of a “Christological corrective” later provided in the theologies of Maximus the Confessor and Gregory Palamas. The points of contact and contrast between Dionysian mystical theology and Russian sophiology are also discussed. Finally, this essay argues that modern Orthodox readings of the CD are characterized by a profound irony: while they are in various degrees indebted to the Western intellectual tradition (as, for example, Christos Yannaras is to Heidegger), Orthodox theologians often use Dionysius to forge an anti-Western Orthodox theological identity.
Understanding metadata needs when migrating DAMS

This study identifies and explores metadata needs associated with migrating to a new Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). Drawing upon results from a 2014 survey, titled "Identifying Motivations for DAMS Migration: A Survey," this paper analyzes survey questions related to metadata, interoperability, and digital preservation. Results indicate three distinct metadata needs for future system development, including support for multiple or all metadata schema, metadata reuse, and digital object identifiers. While some of these needs resemble long-standing conversations in the professional literature, others offer new areas for system development moving forward.
Creating Health Policy Through the Tax Code

This book chapter examines the intersection between health and tax policy. To do so, it first reviews the history of how the United States’ health care system was shaped, in large part, by tax policy definitions of what to “exclude” from our income. The advantages and disadvantages of the employer-based model that resulted from these tax policy decisions are discussed. Then, the chapter moves to examine how health and tax policy are intertwined as legislators decide what to “tax,” both with regard to institutions such as hospitals and items, such as snack food and sodas. Finally, the chapter considers recent health reform initiatives and the tax and policy implications of the 2010 health reform bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
Evaluation of Ozone Protective Agents for Elastomers. Apparatus for the Evaluation under Dynamic Conditions

Abstract The widespread acceptance of synthetic elastomers for use in rubber products has greatly magnified the problem of obtaining satisfactory protection against weathering in general and ozone attack in particular. Because the tentative ASTM method of evaluation is not entirely satisfactory, a dynamic apparatus has been developed which provides an effective means for accelerated evaluation of ozone protective agents, using a new mechanical arrangement for flexing the rubber, a new specimen shape, rigid control of the ozone concentration, and a new rating system. The apparatus consists of a series of rotating pulleys within a circular chamber. The test-specimens, circular molded belts, are rotated around two pulleys, which gives them approximately 75 flexes per minute with an elongation of 0 to 20 per cent. The flexing provides a mobile surface, so that rigid waxy films cannot be formed, and the molded specimen eliminates the possibility of freak cracking and anomalies due to minute nicks or imperfecti...
Infrared Spectral Radiance Validation and Plans for the Cross-track Infrared Sounder

This presentation will summarize the expected performance of CrIS based on analysis of pre-launch test data and describe plans for post-launch validation of Earth observations, with examples drawn from similar efforts for current sounders.
Quality Nursing Documentation in the Medical Record

Current healthcare systems require that documentation ensures continuity of care, provides legal evidence of the process of care delivered by all disciplines, and supports evaluation of quality of patient care. Healthcare professionals should fully understand the principles of maintaining a legally
Transport properties of VSe2 monolayers separated by bilayers of BiSe

The [(BiSe)1+δ]1(VSe2)1 heterostructure was characterized structurally and electrically to determine the effects of interlayer interaction on the charge density wave (CDW) found in VSe2 and compared to previously reported [(SnSe)1.15]1(VSe2)1. Out-of-plane x-ray diffraction scans contain reflections that can be indexed as 00 l reflections of a BiSe–VSe2 supercell. Structure refinement indicates that the VSe2 layer is very similar structurally to that found in [(SnSe)1.15]1(VSe2)1. Scanning transmission electron microscopy images show a turbostratically disordered layer structure and the formation of anti-phase boundaries in the BiSe bilayer. The [(BiSe)1+δ]1(VSe2)1 heterostructure is metallic with a negative Hall coefficient, in contrast to the positive Hall coefficient found for [(SnSe)1.15]1(VSe2)1. The CDW found [(SnSe)1.15]1(VSe2)1 is not present in [(BiSe)1+δ]1(VSe2)1. This work illustrates the importance of inter constituent interactions in determining the transport properties of single layer films.
Iodine deficiency disorders state sample investigation reporter of Anhui provincine in 2002

Objective To investigate the prevention and cure of Anhui iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) and to assess its present situation.To find out existing problems and put forward corresponding plan.Methods Goitre rate,urinary iodine, iodized salt qualified rate among inhabitants of 8~10 years old children and dringking water iodine were investigated and analyzed according to the notification on implementing 4th national IDD state surveillance work issued by the office bureau of Ministry of Health of China.Results Three majore indicates of goitre rate, median of urinary iodine and iodized salt qualified rate met the requirement of national standization of IDD elimination. Conclusions The prevention and cure of IDD in Anhui province has achived the national standization of IDD elimination goal. But there are still problem need to be tackled.
Some "laws" of gastropod shell form

Five generalizations derived from the shell form of prosobranch gastropods are developed. (1) A univalve of more than one volution whose aperture lies in a plane that passes through the axis of coiling does not live with the aperture parallel to the substrate. (2) A univalve of more than one volution whose aperture lies in a plane that is tangential to the body whorl does live with the plane of the aperture parallel to the substrate. (3) Gastropods with tangential apertures, when extended, support the shell so that the center of mass of the shell and its contents is over the midline of the cephalopedal mass; this balancing of the shell may be accomplished either by regulatory detorsion, by inclination or by a combination thereof, to keep the center of gravity of the shell as low as possible. (4) Angulations or re-entrants in the gastropod aperture are usually indicative of inhalent or exhalent areas; inhalent areas are directed as far anteriorly as possible. (5) Gastropods having elongated apertures possess only a single gill and develop a water current through the mantle cavity from anterior to posterior along the long axis of the aperture; this axis is subparallel to the anterior-posterior axis of the foot.These generalizations are then used as the basis for some deductive interpretations of behavioral modes of Paleozoic Gastropoda.
Interleaved depth-first search

In tree search, depth-first search (DFS) often uses ordering successor heuristics. If the heuristic makes a mistake ordering a bad successor (without goals in its subtree) before good ones (with goals in their subtrees), DFS has to unsuccessfully traverse the whole bad subtree before finding a goal. To prevent this useless work, we present a new strategy called interleaved depthfirst search (IDFS), which searches depth-first several subtrees -- called active -- in parallel. IDFS assumes a single processor on which it interleaves DFS on active subtrees. When IDFS finds a mistake, it traverses partially the bad subtree. IDFS does not reexpand nodes and uses a memory amount linear in search depth (with a bounded number of active subtrees). IDFS outperforms DFS if the heuristic improves from the first to the second tree level. Experimental results on hard solvable problems confirm the practical validity of IDFS.
Attachment‐Based Family Therapy for Teen Suicidality Complicated by a History of Sexual Trauma

This article describes the application of Attachment-Based Family Therapy to the treatment of a 14-year-old female adolescent presenting with clinically significant suicide ideation complicated by a history of sexual trauma. The article begins by providing an overview of the use of attachment theory to inform treatment with this population. Then, the case study is presented to illustrate clinical application.
The Role of the Campus Recreation Center in Creating a Community

The Student Recreation Center provides a state-of-the-art facility and a comprehensive recreation program for students, faculty, staff, alumni, and spouses. It aids in the education and development...
The Hate Crime Canon and Beyond: A Critical Assessment

Although it remains an empirical question whether the U.S. is experiencing greater levels of hate-motivated-conduct than in the past, it is beyond dispute that the concept of ‘hate crime’ has been institutionalized in social, political, and legal discourse in the U.S. From the introduction and politicization of the term hate crime in the late 1970s to the continued enforcement of hate crime law at the beginning of the twenty-first century, social movements have constructed the problem of bias-motivated violence in particular ways, while politicians at both the federal and state level have made legislation that defines the parameters of hate crime. Accordingly, this article identifies and examines the parameters of a hate crime canon in the U.S., which can first and foremost be described as a body of law that 1) provides anew state policy action, by either creating anew criminal category, altering an existing law, or enhancing penalties for select extant crimes when they are committed for bias reasons; 2) contains an intent standard, which refers to the subjective intention of the perpetrator rather than relying solely on the basis of objective behavior; and 3) specifies a list of protected social statuses, such as race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, disabilities, etc. Arguing that these features constitute the core parameters of the hate crime canon and attendant discourse in the U.S., this article offers a critical assessment of the emergence, institutionalization, and arguable consequences of ‘hate crime’ as a recently developed social fact - in the Durkheimian sense of the word - that is consequential for the politics of victimization in the modern era and the social control of violence against minorities more particularly.
A New Plate Based Plasma von Willebrand Factor (VWF): Ristocetin Cofactor Activity Assay.

Abstract Introduction: Assays of plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) are essential for the laboratory diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD). However, the current manual platelet aggregation/aggregometry method has relatively poor operating characteristics. Our goal was to develop a simple, accurate and sensitive platelet based assay. Methods: VWF protein from normal or patient plasma was first captured on the polyclonal anti-VWF antibody coated plastic plate surface. VWF:RCo activity was assayed by the binding of mitotracker (a red fluorochrome)-labeled, formalin-fixed normal platelets in the presence of ristocetin (1mg/ml) and under agitation (200 rpm by vortex). The fluorescence from the bound platelets, measured by a fluorescence microtiter plate reader (Fluor4000, BioRad), was related to the calibrator plasma signal (6∼150% or IU/dL), and reported as % or IU/dL. We tested plasma samples from normal donors (n=16) and known VWD patients (type 1, n=6; type 2, n=9) based on clinical history and levels of plasma VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), VWF:RCo activity (manual platelet aggregation/aggregometry method), factor VIII activity and VWF multimer analysis. Results: For both normal donors and VWD patients, VWF:RCo activities by the plate assay vs. manual platelet aggregation/aggregometry method correlated closely (R2=0.84), and VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratios did not differ significantly. Platelet binding to VWF-coated plastic wells is both VWF specific and ristocetin dependent. Conclusions: Although this new platelet based VWF:RCo plate assay is still being optimized and validated, the preliminary data suggest that it is simple, accurate and sensitive.
Some Economic Aspects of Free-Choice Feeding of Dairy Cows

DURING the early 1950's, a series of articles appeared in this Journal concerning the nature of feed-milk relationships and their economic importance.' The articles focused on the following questions: (1) Are the marginal rates of substitution between hay and grain constant or changing? (2) Does the principle of diminishing returns apply to milk production? (3) What is the economic significance of the feed-milk relationships? Some previous estimates of feed-milk relationships are used in this study to compare net returns for optimum rations (rations giving maximum returns above feed costs) with most profitable "stomach-capacity rations," after adjusting for body weight changes and the additional costs of limiting roughage intake. Four hay/grain price combinations40/80, 30/70, 25/75 and 45/55-were selected to approximate alternative price situations which could exist in North Carolina.2 Two milk prices, $5.75 and $5.00, were selected to represent, respectively, the North Carolina average blend price and a lower milk price. The hypothetical milk production function in Figure 1 provides the theoretical framework of the problem. If the marginal rates of substitution are changing (nonlinear isoquants), the expansion path (DE) may be as shown. However, if the marginal rates of substitution are constant (linear isoquants), the expansion path will coincide with either the
Detection of Known Signals in Noise

This chapter considers the bit error rate performance of digital signaling on frequency non-selective (flat) fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise AWGN. A vector representation is first introduced for digital signaling on flat fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Afterwards, a generalized analysis is provided for the error rate performance of digital signaling on flat fading channels. The structure of the optimum coherent receiver is then derived for the detection of known signals in AWGN. The error probability performance of various coherently detected digital signaling schemes is considered, including phase shift keying, quadrature amplitude shift keying, orthogonal signals, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Other types of detection schemes are treated, including differential detection of differentially encoded binary phase shift keying and differentially encoded π∕4-phase shifted quadrature phase shift keying. Also considered is the non-coherent detection of orthogonal signals. Finally, the chapter wraps up with a treatment of coherent and non-coherent detection of continuous phase modulated signals.
Facile Fabrication of Durable Copper-Based Superhydrophobic Surfaces via Electrodeposition.

Superhydrophobic surfaces have myriad industrial applications, yet their practical utilization has been limited by their poor mechanical durability and longevity. We present a low-cost, facile process to develop superhydrophobic copper-based coatings via an electrodeposition route, that addresses this limitation. Through electrodeposition, a stable, multiscale, cauliflower shaped fractal morphology was obtained and upon modification by stearic acid, the prepared coatings show extreme water repellency with contact angle of 162 ± 2° and roll-off angle of about 3°. Systematic studies are presented on coatings fabricated under different processing conditions to demonstrate good durability, mechanical and underwater stability, corrosion resistance, and self-cleaning effect. The study also presents an approach for rejuvenation of slippery superhydrophobic nature (roll-off angle <10°) on the surfaces after long-term water immersion. The presented process can be scaled to larger, durable coatings with controllabl...
Brain Integrity Changes underlying Cognitive and Functional Recovery Postliver Transplant Continue to Evolve Over 1 Year

Background There is evidence of brain recovery on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) early postliver transplant (LT), but the longer-term impact is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the change in brain MRI parameters, cognition, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between 6 and 12 months post-LT. Methods Listed cirrhotics underwent cognitive, HRQOL and brain MRI pre-LT, 6 months (post-LT1), and 1-year (post-LT2) post-LT. Assessment of MRI changes between visits was performed for ammonia-associated metabolite changes using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, white matter changes using tract-based spatial statistics analysis on diffusion tensor imaging data and grey matter changes using voxel-based morphometry analysis on 3D high resolution T1-weighted images. Results Forty-five patients were included, of which 23 were tested at all visits. Cognitive and HRQOL scores improved between all visits compared with pre-LT values. This trend continued on magnetic resonance spectroscopy with reduced glutamine + glutamate and higher myoinositol, choline between pre-LT/post-LT1 but lower degrees of improvement between post-LT1/post-LT2. On diffusion tensor imaging, mean diffusivity, linear diffusivity and mode of anisotropy continued to increase in the posterior internal capsule at both post-LT visits. On voxel-based morphometry, a continued increase was seen in basal ganglia grey matter between both post-LT visits was seen. Conclusions HRQOL and cognition continue to improve compared with pre-LT values up to 1 year post-LT, although the rate of improvement slows down after 6 months. Grey matter increase is steady over time at 1 year although changes in ammonia-related metabolites and white matter integrity improve at a slower pace at 1 year post-LT.
A content-constrained spatial (CCS) model for layout analysis of mathematical expressions

This paper proposes a content-constrained spatial (CCS) model to recover the mathematical layout (M-layout, or ML me ) of an mathematical expression (ME) from its font setting layout (F-layout, or FLme). The M-layout can be used for content analysis applications such as ME based indexing and retrieval of documents. The first of the two-step process is to divide a compounded ME into blocks based on explicit mathematical structure primitives such as fraction lines, radical signs, fence, etc. Subscripts and superscripts within a block are resolved by probabilistic inference of their likelihood based on a global optimization model. The dual peak distributions of the features to capture the relative position between sibling blocks as super/subscript call for a sampling based non-parametric probability distribution estimation method to resolve their ambiguity. The notion of spatial constraint indicators is proposed to reduce the search space while improving the prediction performance. The proposed scheme is tested using the InftyCDB data set to achieve the F1 score of 0.98.
Numerical Continuation Applied to Panel Flutter

The panel flutter formulation studied here includes a geometricnonlinearity. In a physical sense, the nonlinearity represents couplingbetween out-of-plane bending and in-plane stretching. To investigate theinitial condition response, the pseudo-arclength continuation method isapplied to this problem. The continuation method is an alternatenumerical method that complements direct numerical integration. Thelatter procedure is not necessarily computationally efficient when theparameter space under consideration is large. One strength ofcontinuation methods then is the ability to efficiently and accuratelydisplay the solution space, including certain bifurcations, for dynamicsystems. Results from the procedure are in substantial agreement withearlier studies, where applicable, where the panel undergoes cylindricalbending.
Reconsidering the Factor Structure of the Beavers Interactional Scales: Do External Ratings Mirror Self-Reports?

Factor analytic studies indicate that family relationships assessed by self-reports may be most clearly and parsimoniously differentiated along three dimensions, namely, Affective Expression, Behavioral Control, and Shared Activity. The present study explored the question of whether this were true of family ratings by outside parties. Confirmatory factor analysis was used with three data sets (n = 97, 91, and 95; N = 283) employing the Beavers Interactional Scales of family functioning. Multicollinearity of the observed variables was a pervasive problem. When the redundancy of the observed variables was pared down so that there were two observed variables for each latent factor, these three factors in oblique relationship provided a good fit to the observed data.
Nutrition for Athletes

The nutritional requirements of most athletes are satisfied, in general, by the same set of guidelines discussed previously, which include meeting the RDAs or the recommended safe levels for all nutrients. The fact that we have included a separate chapter on athletic nutrition should not imply that there are unique dietary patterns for the health of the athlete. This is not the case, and a healthy person with a good diet will become a healthy athlete with a good diet. However, because so many people are involved in athletics in one way or another, it was decided to include some specific information. From 1970 to the present, participation in amateur softball has increased from 16 to 30 million, golf (15 rounds or more) from 9,700,000 to 13,650,000, and tennis from 10,655,00 to 25, 450,00 (Grandjean, 1982) to say nothing of all the other sports.
Designing new substance abuse treatment services for a competitive environment.

A multivariate analysis of the relationships between service attributes and physician perceptions was conducted as an approach to marketing substance abuse treatment services. The results of this attribute-perception-preference study indicate: the physician(s) on staff attribute makes the greatest contribution to perceived quality and efficiency; easy referralladmission makes the largest contribution to accessibility perceptions; and providing feedback produces the greatest contribution to perceived continuity. The JCAH attribute neither adds to nor subtracts from the perceptions of any of the four perceptual attributes. Other findings indicate that perceived efficiency produces the greatest contribution to overall consumer preference. Quality perceptions make the second largest contribution to overall preference, followed by continuity and accessibility perceptions.
Mass transport analysis for tritium removal in FHRs

Abstract Tritium control and mitigation is one of the most significant issues in Fluoride Salt-cooled High-temperature Reactors (FHRs). To address this issue, a cross-flow tritium removal facility has been proposed to remove molecular tritium, T2, from the primary coolant. To model the performance of the design, a method is developed based on the logarithmic mean difference of the square root of the tritium partial pressures on the upstream side and the purging gas side. A computer code has been developed based on this global analysis method to study the effectiveness of tritium removal in such a cross-flow tritium removal facility. The code is benchmarked against experimental data from a hydrogen separation experiment in the literature and compared with the results from a code based on traditional finite volume method. Evaluation of the cross-flow tritium removal facility designed for FHR systems has also been performed. The results show how the key factors, i.e., the fluid flow rates and tritium inlet concentration affect the performance of the facility.
Internal Maxillary Artery to Anterior Circulation Bypass with Local Interposition Grafts Using a Minimally Invasive Approach: Surgical Anatomy and Technical Feasibility.

Background The internal maxillary artery (IMA) is a reliable donor for extracranial–intracranial high-flow bypasses. However, previously described landmarks and techniques to harvest the IMA are complex and confusing and require extensive bone drilling, carrying significant neurovascular risk. The objective of our study was to describe a minimally invasive technique for exposing the IMA and to assess the feasibility of using the IMA as a donor for anterior-circulation recipient vessels using 2 different local interposition vessels. Methods Via a minimally invasive technique, the IMA was harvested in 10 cadaveric specimens and a pterional craniotomy was performed. Two interposition grafts—the superficial temporal artery (STA) and middle temporal artery—were evaluated individually. Transsylvian exposure of the second segment of middle cerebral artery (M2), the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, and the proximal postcommunicating anterior cerebral artery segment was completed. Relevant vessel calibers and graft lengths were measured for each bypass model. Results The mean caliber of the IMA was 2.7 ± 0.5 mm. Of all 3 recipients, the shortest graft length was seen in the IMA-STA-M2 bypass, measuring 42.0 ± 8.4 mm. There was a good caliber match between the M2 (2.4 ± 0.4 mm) and STA (2.3 ± 0.4 mm) at the anastomotic site. The harvested middle temporal artery was sufficient in length in only 30% cases, with a mean distal caliber of 2.0 ± 0.7 mm. Conclusions This study confirmed the technical feasibility of IMA as a donor for an extracranial–intracranial bypass to the second segment of the anterior cerebral artery, M2, and the supraclinoid internal carotid artery. However, IMA-STA-M2 was observed to be the most suitable bypass model.
Solver Recommendation For Transport Problems in Slabs Using Machine Learning.

The use of machine learning algorithms to address classification problems is on the rise in many research areas. The current study is aimed at testing the potential of using such algorithms to auto-select the best solvers for transport problems in uniform slabs. Three solvers are used in this work: Richardson, diffusion synthetic acceleration, and nonlinear diffusion acceleration. Three parameters are manipulated to create different transport problem scenarios. Five machine learning algorithms are applied: linear discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, random forest, and neural networks. We present and analyze the results of these algorithms for the test problems, showing that random forest and K-nearest neighbors are potentially the best suited candidates for this type of classification problem.
Prevention of Autoimmune Insulitis by Delivery of Interleukin-4 Plasmid Using a Soluble and Biodegradable Polymeric Carrier

Purpose. We delivered interleukin-4 (IL-4) plasmid (pCAGGS-IL-4) using the biodegradable polymer, poly[α-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid] (PAGA), to prevent autoimmune insulitis in NOD mice.
Increasing Accuracy of Hand-Motion Based Continuous Authentication Systems

Most authentication systems (password and biometric feature based) use one-time static authentication methods. Such systems are susceptible to masquerade attacks, where unauthorized users can take over a user’s identity after the initial authorization of the user. A real time continuous authentication system provides better security control where the user is continuously authenticated based on the user’s behavior while using the system. Monitoring more of user’s features have shown to yield more accurate results. In this research, for continuous authentication of smartphone users, we use micro movements, orientation, and the grasp of the user’s hand as a set of behavioral features. These user attributes can be easily collected from smartphone sensors like the accelerometer and gyroscope. We demonstrate the use and effectiveness of wrapper based feature selection over the filter based feature selection method in hand motion based continuous authentication systems. We also show how the use of fuzzy one class SVM can improve the accuracy of such hand motion based continuous authentication systems.
Infrastructures of repression and resistance: how Tennesseans respond to the immigration enforcement regime

This paper addresses challenges faced by immigrants in two Tennessee locales, Nashville and Knoxville, focusing on Latino immigrant communities and the institutions to which they have responded dur...
The Impact of Suppliers’ Adoption of Voluntary Labour Codes/Certifications on Job Quality in Global Supply Chains: The Sri Lankan Case of Garments without Guilt

Codes of conduct and certifications on labour standards are designed to distinguish export manufacturing suppliers offering higher quality jobs from those offering poor quality jobs. However, previous research suggests that such codes/certifications have a limited impact on job quality. These studies do not differentiate between ‘compliance‐based codes of conduct’ that retailers enforce on suppliers and ‘voluntary labour codes/certifications’ that suppliers adopt at their discretion. We examine the relationship between suppliers’ adoption of the Garments without Guilt (GwG) voluntary labour code/certification and job quality using fieldwork and longitudinal data on Sri Lankan export apparel suppliers. We find that GwG adoption is associated with higher base pay and safer work, while base pay is lower for GwG adopters that are simultaneously subject to retailers’ enforcement of compliance‐based codes.
The US Treasury floating rate note puzzle: Is there a premium for mark-to-market stability?

Abstract We find that Treasury floating rate notes (FRNs) trade at a significant premium relative to the prices of Treasury bills and notes. This premium is directly related to the near-constant nature of FRN prices and is correlated with measures reflecting investor demand for safe assets. Money market funds are often the primary investors in FRNs, and the FRN premium is related to flows into funds with fixed net asset values, but not to flows into funds with variable net asset values. These results provide strong evidence that the FRN premium represents a convenience yield for the mark-to-market stability feature of FRNs.