cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Readmission After Kidney Transplantation: Examination of Discharge-Level Factors.

BackgroundEarly rehospitalization after kidney transplantation (KTx) is common and is considered a quality metric. Recipient and donor risk factors for early readmission after KTx are well studied. Little data exist on discharge-level factors associated with readmission.MethodsWe performed a single-
The Social Science of Horace Bushnell

What Henry F. May aptly termed "the recovery of American religious history" has proceeded unevenly. Ever since the late Perry Miller's influential study of Jonathan Edwards, American historians have treated that eighteenth-century theologian with respect.1 However, the American theologians of the nineteenth century have been less fortunate. It is still conventional for historians to disparage them and speak of a precipitous decline in the intellectual standard of religious leadership after Edwards, or at least after the Revolution. Actually, the nineteenth-century American religious thinkers showed just as much awareness of contemporary intellectual currents as Edwards's generation did, and as much sophistication in relating to them. Moses Stuart and Edwards A. Park of Andover Theological Seminary, Charles Hodge of Princeton Theological Seminary, Andrews Norton of Harvard Divinity School, and Nathaniel William Taylor and Leonard Bacon of Yale Divinity School, to name but a few, were altogether worthy successors of the American tradition of Protestant learning, not its betrayers. Probably the greatest among them was Horace Bushnell.2 Just as Edwards borrowed from the terminology and ideas of the Enlightenment to restate the faith of the Reformation, Bushnell drew upon Puritan, Enlightenment, and romantic sources to restate Christian doctrine for his own time. His famous book Christian Nurture reformulated Protestant thinking about children for a century in which the reassessment of childhood was a major preoccupation of philosophy, art, and science. By applying his theories
Detection of pathogens of main tick-borne diseases in ticks from the desert area of Yuli,Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China

Objective To investigate the population composition and distribution of ticks as well as the natural infection pathogens of Lyme disease,Q fever,babesiosis,spotted fever,and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in the desert area of Yuli,Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China.Methods Ticks were collected with white cloth or from the body surfaces of host animals.Pathogen detection was performed by PCR.Results A total of 519 ticks(3 species,2 genera) were identified,including Rhipicephalus pumilio,Rhipicephalus turanicus,and Hyalomma asiaticum;R.pumilio was the predominant species,accounting for 88.25% of all captured ticks.Only two pathogens of tick-borne diseases,spotted fever group rickettsiae and Anaplasma,were detected from R.pumilio,with detection rates of 6.27% and 3.53%,respectively.Conclusion Variable natural infection with spotted fever group rickettsiae and Anaplasma occurs among the ticks in the desert area of Yuli,Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China.
On Misuse of α-β Transformation in Electrical Engineering

Firstly, the transformation matrix from abc coordinate to α-β coordinate in instantaneous reactive power theory is analyzed and its use conditions are pointed out. Then it is proved by calculation example that in general under three-phase asymmetrical condition orthogonal quantities cannot be acquired from the transformation from abc coordinate to α-β coordinate, namely the results of the transformation are not perpendicular. Thus, dealing with non-orthogonal quantities by orthogonal transformation leads to wrong analysis results inevitably. In this paper several newly published related literatures are listed and simple comments on them are given. It is of the essence to avoid the misuse of α-β transformation in electrical engineering.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery

Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHN) have great potential as drug delivery devices for treatment of serious medical issues such as cardiovascular disease, tuberculosis, and cancer. Nanoprecipitation is a commonly used method to synthesize LPHN in a low cost manner. However, this multi-step process proves to be difficult in consistently producing uniformly sized nanoparticles. Here we developed a microfluidic device that utilizes a three-channel pathway and mixer channel to synthesize uniformly sized LPHN in a controlled manner. Dynamic light scattering results of the microfluidic synthesized nanoparticles show decrease in diameter size from 140 nm to 40 nm as the Reynolds number of the channel inflow increases. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the size and morphology of the nanoparticles. Three dimensional structure of the LPHN were observed using atomic force microscopy. The production of higher quality nanoparticles using our microfluidics device can expedite the research and development process of drug delivering lipid polymer nanoparticles.
Taking it on the Road: The Pedagogy and Pratfalls of Teaching Negotiation and Conflict Management Cross-Culturally

The purpose of this paper is to highlight through examples and discussion the challenges that business faculty, and in particular those who teach negotiation and conflict resolution, face when teaching Western business principles to international students. The paper begins by differentiating the types of international students that American faculty members may encounter and emphasizing the importance of understanding the different cultural backgrounds and expectations these students bring to the learning environment. The roles that assumptions, attributions, trust, power and accountability play in teaching in the international or cross-cultural classroom are examined.
Patch-burn Grazing Moderates Eastern Meadowlark Nest Survival in Midwestern Grasslands

Abstract The spatiotemporal interaction between fire and grazing was a key process in the development of North America's grasslands. Restoring interacting fire and grazing may be instrumental in conserving rangeland biodiversity, but a need exists to understand how it affects organisms in highly fragmented grassland landscapes. We examined nest survival of a species of conservation concern, the Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), in fragmented Midwestern grasslands that varied in the spatial and temporal application of fire and grazing. The patch-burn grazed treatment (i.e., interacting fire and grazing) consisted of burning a different third of a pasture annually. Pastures in the grazed-and-burned treatment were burned in their entirety every third year and both treatments were moderately stocked with cattle. Average daily nest survival rates were similar across treatments (patch-burn grazed: incubation = 0.90 and nestling = 0.93, grazed-and-burned: incubation = 0.90 and nestling = 0.92), but patch-bur...
Synthesis of a novel building block for the preparation of multi-chromophoric sensitizers for panchromatic dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract A simple 3-step synthesis of a novel pyrazine-containing heteroaromatic building block for use as a scaffold for producing multi-chromophoric sensitizers for use in dye sensitized solar cells has been developed. This moiety features two esterified carboxylic acid groups whose hydrolysis provides moieties for anchoring to nanoparticulate metal oxides and two bromine atoms that facilitate attachment of chromophores via palladium mediated cross-coupling methods. The utility of the building block for the synthesis of complex dye motifs is demonstrated by the preparation of a novel panchromatic dye featuring a BODIPY chromophore and a strongly electron donating porphyrin chromophore using both Suzuki and copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling methods. The building block could be used either to attach two different or identical dye moieties to the metal oxide, or to attach an electron injection dye plus an auxiliary absorber, photoprotective agent, secondary redox moiety, etc.
Maturation constrains the effect of exposure in linking language and thought: evidence from healthy preterm infants

The power of human language rests upon its intricate links to human cognition. By 3 months of age, listening to language supports infants’ ability to form object categories, a building block of cognition. Moreover, infants display a systematic shift between 3 and 4 months – a shift from familiarity to novelty preferences – in their expression of this link between language and core cognitive processes. Here, we capitalize on this tightly-timed developmental shift in fullterm infants to assess (a) whether it also appears in preterm infants and (b) whether it reflects infants’ maturational status or the duration of their postnatal experience. Healthy late preterm infants (N = 22) participated in an object categorization task while listening to language. Their performance, coupled with that of fullterm infants, reveals that this developmental shift is evident in preterm infants and unfolds on the same maturational timetable as in their fullterm counterparts.
Per-unit versus ad-valorem discrimination with an application to MLB

ABSTRACTWe contrast two structural forms of discrimination: per-unit and ad-valorem. We provide a simple modification to Becker’s canonical discrimination model allowing for heterogeneous worker quality and both per-unit and ad-valorem discrimination. Per-unit discrimination costs reduce the relative cost of minorities with higher marginal products. This simple insight, which builds upon the Alchian–Allen hypothesis, yields sharp testable implications. We argue that several features of the MLB labour market are consistent with per-unit discrimination.
Dynamic Response of Elasto-Plastic Frames

Results of analytical investigation involving single mass system that has idealized elasto-plastic resistance deformation relationship; system was subjected to similar ground motion as measured during May 1940 El Centro earthquake; basic parameters varied in this investigation are natural period, ultimate strength, and damping of system; results are presented in form of graphs.
Cryogenic Foam Insulations: Polyurethane and Polystyrene

Increased use of cryogenic temperatures in the recent past may be credited in large part to military and aerospace endeavors. However, the impending energy shortage, advanced surgical techniques, refrigeration of food stuffs, and scientific needs are rapidly projecting the use of cryogenics into the mainstream of modern living. In order for these applications of cryogenics to be economically feasible, associated technologies have had to be developed or extended. Thermal insulation is one of the areas where both materials and techniques have been developed to meet the growing needs. Indeed, the requirements for thermal insulation are sufficiently diverse that several rather independent technologies or methods of insulation have developed. Generally speaking, the particular application dictates the generic type of thermal insulation or, at least, reduces the number of viable candidates. Some of the widely used materials and their attendant thermal conductivity ranges are depicted in Fig. 1.1 As seen in this figure, the evacuated insulations are the most thermally efficient. Most large-scale needs, however, preclude vacuum insulation on the grounds of cost and durability. The three classes of unevacuated insulation are reasonably competitive in thermal effectiveness at low temperatures; all are used, for instance, in large liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks and LNG ship tankers. The materials to be discussed in this paper, polystyrene (PS) and polyurethane (PU) foam, are widely used in the present generation of LNG ships. These foams, also known as cellular plastics or expanded plastics, offer both a high strength-to-weight ratio and low thermal conductivity. The principal disadvantages are low maximum temperature limits, lack of mechanical integrity upon thermal cycling2 and degradation of insulating properties with time. Each of these items will be addressed below. The low temperature thermal and mechanical behavior of these two foam systems can be better understood if the basic structure, chemistry, and processing techniques are briefly reviewed. The latter two areas tend to be highly pro-prietary, so that their discussion is based on well-known principles rather than on specific, contemporary production practices.
Sharply Focused Azimuthally Polarized Beams with Magnetic Dominance: Near-Field Characterization at Nanoscale by Photoinduced Force Microscopy

Azimuthally polarized beams are gaining fundamental importance for near-field force microscopy systems to inspect photoinduced magnetism in special molecules or nanostructures, due to their strong axial magnetic field and vanishing electric field. The magnetic dominant region represents a unique trait of such a beam as a potentially ideal structured light to probe photoinduced magnetism at the nanoscale. Therefore, we present a near-field characterization of an optical, sharply focused azimuthally polarized beam using photoinduced force microscopy, a technique with simultaneous near-field excitation and detection, achieving nanoscale resolution well beyond the diffraction limit. Such a method exploits the photoinduced gradient force on a nanotip, mechanically detected as forced oscillations of the cantilever in an atomic force microscopy system upon external light illumination. The photoinduced force is strongly localized, which that depends only on the near-field signal free from background scattering ph...
Simulations as a Tool for Practicing Questioning

In this chapter we discuss some of the affordances and constraints of using online teaching simulations to support reflection on specific pedagogical actions. We share data from a research project in which we implemented multiple iterations of a set of simulated teaching experiences in an elementary mathematics methods course. In each experience, preservice teachers contrasted the consequences of different pedagogical choices in response to a particular example of student thinking. We share how their evaluations of their choices shifted within experiences at certain points, and their criteria for “good” questions began to evolve. We end with implications for how simulations can promote critical reflection on teaching practice.
The Personal, Technical, and Public Spheres of Argument: A Speculative Inquiry into the Art of Public Deliberation

Argument spheres are symbolic constructions that shape the expectations of interlocutors who engage in the activities of theoretical and practical reasoning. These communicative contexts offer a ra...
Continuous Materials Processing

Continuous materials processing, as contrasted with batch processing, is discussed. There is growing interest in continuous processes because of higher production rates and lower costs. A wide range of processes can be considered for continuous processing. These include hot and cold rolling, extrusion, wire and fiber drawing, heat treatment of moving materials, and deposition on continuously moving surfaces. The problem is time dependent at the start of the process, but generally approaches steady-state conditions as time elapses. Both situations are of practical interest. Fluctuations and instabilities can also lead to time dependence. Of particular interest is the thermal field in the moving material, since the resulting thermal stress and microstructure are determined by the temperature distribution. The temperature rise or decay with distance is also critical in designing the system to maintain temperatures above certain values, such as the recrystallization temperature for hot rolling. Though a convective heat transfer coefficient, obtained from empirical data and correlations, may be employed at the surface, the problem is actually a conjugate one and both the fluid flow and the thermal field in the solid have to be considered. Though boundary-layer assumptions are valid in some cases, solution of the full elliptic equations is generally needed for a realistic simulation. Buoyancy effects are important in many circumstances and an additional forced flow, in an extensive environment or in a channel, may be employed to enhance the heat transfer. Experiments are used to validate the analytical and numerical models, to provide physical insight into the basic mechanisms, and to provide realistic and practical operating conditions. The basic formulation, solution strategies, and typical results are presented on this materials processing technique. The relevance of such results in the operation, control, design, and optimization of practical continuous manufacturing processes is discussed.
Teaching and Training in Emergency and Disaster Medicine

The establishment of different programs aimed at teaching Emergency and Disaster Medicine must be based on the observation that these disciplines present, apart from their common features, many differences, especially in terms of strategies, tactics, techniques and ethical aspects of first aid.
Cervical hydatidiform mole causing severe vaginal hemorrhage: a case report.

BACKGROUND : First-trimester vaginal bleeding occurs in approximately 20% of pregnancies and is a frequent cause of emergency department evaluation. Hydatidiform mole, although relatively rare, typically presents as intermittent vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy. CASE : A 37-year-old woman had severe vaginal bleeding secondary to cervical implantation of a hydatidiform mole. Treatment included stay sutures, similar to those used in cervical cerclage, to control the hemorrhage and allow stabilization of the patient. Evaluation showed that the hydatidiform mole appeared to have been confined to the cervix, and much of the tissue was removed or spontaneously passed while obtaining hemostasis. CONCLUSION : A very rare case of hydatidiform mole with cervical implantation presented as a massive vaginal hemorrhage. The use of stay sutures in a manner similar to cervical cerclage allowed stabilization while further evaluation and treatment were contemplated.
On the Sensitivity to the Filtering Radius in Leray Models of Incompressible Flow

One critical aspect of Leray models for the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of incompressible flows at moderately large Reynolds number (in the range of few thousands) is the selection of the filter radius. This drives the effective regularization of the filtering procedure, and its selection is a trade-off between stability (the larger, the better) and accuracy (the smaller, the better). In this paper, we consider the classical Leray-\(\alpha \) and a recently introduced (by one of the authors) Leray model with a deconvolution-based indicator function, called Leray-\(\alpha \)-NL. We investigate the sensitivity of the solutions to the filter radius by introducing the sensitivity systems, analyzing them at the continuous and discrete levels, and numerically testing them on two benchmark problems.
Variations on Tullock’s Road Model

Four decades past, Gordon Tullock published a short paper, “Problems of Majority Voting” (1959), that proved to be seminal in the subsequent development of public choice theory. The central argument of the paper was incorporated as an element in The Calculus of Consent (Buchanan and Tullock, 1962), and, separately, the discussion of logrolling stimulated a large body of literature.1
Prevalence and natural history of obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric patients with laryngomalacia.

Abstract Objective Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of infant stridor, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is sometimes found concurrently in patients with laryngomalacia. OSA has been shown to improve after surgical treatment of laryngomalacia, but the majority of laryngomalacia patients have spontaneous resolution of symptoms. It is unknown whether their comorbid OSA also resolves. This study seeks to define the incidence of OSA in laryngomalacia and assess for resolution of OSA with polysomnography data. Methods Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care academic medical center. All pediatric patients with diagnoses of laryngomalacia or stridor were reviewed, and patients with laryngomalacia confirmed by Otolaryngologist exam were included. All patients with laryngomalacia were recommended to undergo polysomnography. Results A total of 108 patients had laryngomalacia confirmed by an Otolaryngologist. Of those patients, 56 completed a polysomnogram, and 44 (79%) were diagnosed with OSA. Among the OSA patients, 34 had no surgery, 5 underwent supraglottoplasty, and 5 underwent adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Follow-up polysomnograms were performed for 9 non-surgical patients, 4 supraglottoplasty patients, and 4 adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy patients. Mean change in AHI was −2.81 without surgery, −8.18 after supraglottoplasty, and −2.94 after adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Conclusion OSA is often present in patients who have laryngomalacia, and the proportion in this population was higher than previous reports. The only significant predictor for obstructive sleep apnea was race, specifically Black/African American. Among patients with follow-up polysomnograms, the largest OSA improvement was in supraglottoplasty patients, but all patients improved.
Using Terminal Histories to Monitor Student Progress on Hands-on Exercises

Hands-on exercises are often used to improve student engagement and knowledge retention in systems, networking and cybersecurity classes. Even when students comprehend the concepts, they may lack the skills to complete an exercise. Teachers need effective tools to identify these problemsduring an assignment and offer targeted and timely help. This paper explores the use of terminal histories with milestone detection to enable rapid, automated and on-going assessment of student work while performing hands-on exercises. We describe our system, called ACSLE, which monitors terminal input and output for each student, compares it with desired milestones, and produces both summaries and detailed statistics of student progress. We analyze data from undergraduates at two colleges, as they performed several well-structured cybersecurity assignments on a network testbed. We show how ACSLE's output can help teachers identify students that struggle, understand why they struggle and offer timely help. ACSLE can also help teachers identify challenging tasks and plan class-wide interventions.
Exploring Two-Phase Flow Regime Transition Mechanisms Using High-Resolution Virtual Experiments

Recent advancements in computing power allow utilization of state-of-the-art direct numerical simulations (DNSs), coupled with interface tracking techniques, to perform fully resolved simulations o...
Outcomes related to intravenous fluid administration in sickle cell patients during vaso-occlusive crisis

While fluid replacement therapy is a primary treatment modality used in vaso-occlusive crises for sickle cell disease, data is limited on its safety, efficacy, and variability. We performed a retrospective analysis on 157 unique patient encounters from 49 sickle cell patients hospitalized with a vaso-occlusive episode at our institution from 2013 to 2017. The median length of hospital stay was 4 days (IQR 2–7). The mean total amount of intravenous fluid administered during the hospitalization was 7.4 L (Std 9.6). The mean total amount of fluid intake including intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, and oral fluids was 14.2 L (Std 18.2). Multivariate analyses revealed significant associations between the development of any adverse event (including a new oxygen requirement, acute chest syndrome, aspiration event, other hospital-acquired infection, acute kidney injury, and intensive care unit transfer) and the following variables: intravenous fluid administered in the first 24 h (p = 0.001, OR 1.899, 95% CI 1.319–2.733), total amount of intravenous fluid administered (p = 0.005, OR 1.081, 95% CI 1.023–1.141), and total amount of fluid intake including oral fluids, blood transfusions, and intravenous fluids (p = 0.009, OR 1.046, 95% CI 1.011–1.081). Other factors found to be significantly associated with any adverse event were dialysis dependence prior to admission (p < 0.001, OR 12.984, 95% CI 3.660–46.056) and admission to an inpatient service versus an emergency room or observation unit (p = 0.008, OR 3.201, 95% CI 1.346–7.612). While fluid administration may theoretically slow the sickling process, this data suggests that fluid administration during a vaso-occlusive episode, and especially total volume given in the first 24 h, may also lead to adverse events.
Legitimacy, Sociology of

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by B. Badie, volume 13, pp. 8706–8709, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Victimhood dissociation and conflict resolution: evidence from the Colombian peace plebiscite

How does violence shape citizens’ preferences for conflict termination? The existing literature has argued that violence either begets sympathy for more violence or drives support for making peace. Focusing on the 2016 Colombian Peace Agreement, this article finds that victimhood dissociation strongly shapes these preferences. With victimhood dissociation, a discrepancy exists between objective and subjective victimization, and the effect of violence on peace attitudes depends on citizens’ subjective interpretations of their personal experiences of violence. Citizens who do not experience violence often see themselves as victims of the conflict and vice versa. Victimhood dissociation is linked to cultural stereotypes of victimhood as portrayed in elite narratives concerning the conflict. In Colombia, political leaders framed victimhood around rurality, business entrepreneurship, kidnapping, extortion, and disappearance. In 2016, this widespread narrative was instrumental for politicians opposing the peace agreement. Citizens who disassociated their personal experiences of violence from their self-understanding as victims were instrumental to the failure of the peace plebiscite.
Impact of Sepsis Identification and Treatment Time on In-Hospital Mortality, Length of Stay, and Hours in the Intensive Care Unit

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to examine the impact of timely treatment and identification of sepsis on patient outcomes at Sutter Health, a mixed-payer healthcare system in northern California, US. Methods This observational, retrospective analysis considered electronic health record (EHR) data for individuals who presented with sepsis during 2016-17 at any of Sutter Health’s 22 emergency departments (ED). Impacts were assessed for the timing of broad-spectrum antibiotic and intravenous (IV) fluid initiation, first vital signs, sepsis screening, and lactate results. Outcomes were in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) hours for patients discharged alive. Results The final sample size was 35,847 (N=9,638 severe sepsis, N=5,309 septic shock). Early fluid initiation had the largest estimated impacts: a mortality reduction of 2.85%[2.03%,3.68%] overall and 2.94%[1.44%,4.48%] for severe sepsis (within 1 hour of sepsis presentation), and 14.66%[9.23%,20.07%] for septic shock (within 3 hours); reduced LOS (days) 1.39[1.08,1.71] overall, 2.30[1.31,3.21] severe sepsis, 3.07[1.21,4.94] septic shock; and fewer ICU hours 25.93[16.95,34.66] overall, 35.06[14.7,56.99] severe sepsis, 41.99[15.70,70.68] septic shock (within 3 hours). Sepsis screening within 30 minutes was also associated with mortality reductions (3.88%[2.96%,4.90%] overall, 1.74%[0.08%,3.50%] severe sepsis, 6.78%[3.12%,10.33%] septic shock). The greatest improvement opportunity was estimated for joint initiation of antibiotics and IV fluids, with a modest additional mortality reduction of 0.80%[0.47%,1.17%] overall, 0.77%[0.34%,1.19%] severe sepsis, 2.94%[1.83%,3.97%] septic shock; LOS reduction of 0.37[0.28,0.46] overall, 0.29[0.17,0.43] severe sepsis, 0.25[0.01,0.51] septic shock (within 1 hour); ICU hours reduction of 4.85[3.26,6.57] overall, 5.07[2.55,7.67] severe sepsis, 3.85[1.69,6.24] septic shock (within 3 hours).
An Aggressive CD4- CD8- T-cell Neoplasm in Young English Bulldogs.

BACKGROUND T-cell leukemia/lymphoma accounts for roughly 30% of all types of lymphoproliferative neoplasia in dogs. Two forms of T-cell lymphoma (T-zone and peripheral T-cell lymphoma) exhibit breed-specific predilections. During the course of routine immunophenotyping, we observed a breed-specific presentation of a unique form of T-cell leukemia in young English bulldogs. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and outcome of a novel T-cell leukemia in English bulldogs and determine the frequency of this neoplasm in other breeds. METHODS The Clinical Hematopathology database, containing immunophenotyping data from peripheral blood of nearly 11,900 dogs, was queried for the phenotype observed in young English bulldogs: CD45+ CD4- CD8- CD5+ CD3+ class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)ᶫ° T-cell leukemia. Clinical presentation, treatment, and survival data were collected for a subset of cases. RESULTS Fifty-five English bulldog cases and 64 cases of other breeds were identified. No other breed was represented by >5 cases. Complete medical records were obtained for 50 bulldogs. Median age at diagnosis was 3 years and 76% of cases were male. Median lymphocyte count was 44,286 lymphocytes/ul (range, 1,800-317,684/ul) and lymphocytes were described as small to intermediate-sized. Many dogs were thrombocytopenic and had liver and spleen involvement, but not lymphadenopathy. Bulldogs that received multi-agent chemotherapy had longer median survival times (83 days) compared to dogs that received no treatment (6 days) or less aggressive therapy (15 days) (p=0.001). Non-bulldogs had similar outcomes. CONCLUSION CD4- CD8- class II MHCᶫ° T-cell leukemia has an aggressive clinical course and predilection for young English bulldogs. Breed-specific presentation suggests an underlying genetic cause. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Planar [00.1] Disorder in Sodium Beta Alumina

00.l lattice images are used to show the presence of [00.1] disorder in β alumina. It is shown that both stacking sequence faults and β″ intergrowth are present. The faults are believed to be introduced in the early stages of sintering when neighboring particles combine to form a larger crystallite, or when spinel block ledges are added out of sequence. The observation shows that the planar disorder observed by Bevan, et al. cannot be attributed solely to β″ or β″ ′ intergrowth.
OP67 – 2451: Antibodies against neuronal surface antigens in children with inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS

Objective To study if neuronal surface autoantibodies are present in children with a first demyelinating event. Methods Serum samples from 79 children with and without MOG antibodies were selected from an ongoing prospective study. All serum samples were evaluated for the presence of NMDAR-, GABA-A, B, Glycin-R, DR2 antibodies using cell-based assays and screened for the presence of cell surface and intracellular antibodies using different screening methods. Results Serum samples from 79 children with a complete data set, MRI, MOG, AQP4 antibody status were selected including 16 children with ADEM/MOGpos; 16 children with ADEM/MOGneg, 12 children with ON/MOGpos; 9 children with ON/MOGneg, 8 children with MS/MOGneg in addition to 8 children with acute cerebellits and 10 children with other inflammatory neurological disease (OIND). 4/79 children showed GlyR antibodies, 3/79 children had serum antibodies against DR2. No antibodies against GABA-A,B or NMDA-R were detected. Serum of 1/79 children revealed a neuropil staining pattern using rat hippocampal PFA-fixed section, but staining of rat hippocampal neuronal cell cultures did not reveal a single case with a moderate or intense positive staining pattern. Conclusion In children with a first demyelinating event with or without MOG antibodies only rarely autoantibodies against neuronal surface antigens are detected.
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis in the opossum: Earliest morphological changes involve acinar cells

Abstract Acute pancreatitis was induced by ligating the opossum common biliopancreatic duct immediately proximal to its entry into the duodenum, and macroscopic as well as microscopic changes were evaluated during the subsequent 24 hours. Transient pancreatic edema and progressive hyperamylasemia were noted within 6 hours of pancreatic and bile duct ligation. Light microscopic evidence of pancreatic injury including acinar cell necrosis, hemorrhage, fat necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration was noted within 12 hours of duct obstruction. Electron microscopic changes included massive dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and disruption of the apical plasmalemma of acinar cells during the initial 3 hours. These observations indicate that pancreatic and bile duct ligation in the opossum results in the rapid (
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-2, Spermatogenic

This article has no abstract. Keywords: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-2, spermatogenic
Polymorphism at the HLA-DQ locus determines susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis

Studies in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients demonstrate that polymorphism at the HLA-DQ locus influences the development of MG. Several studies using the mouse models also demonstrate the influence of class II molecules, especially the H2-A, which is the mouse homologue of HLA-DQ, in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). We used transgenic mice expressing two different DQ molecules, DQ8 (DQA1*0301/B1*0302) and DQ6 (DQA1*0103/B1*0601), to evaluate the role of HLA-DQ genes in MG. These mice do not express endogenous mouse class II molecules since they contain the mutant H2-Aβ 0 gene. The mice were immunized with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor, and EAMG was assessed by clinical evaluation and was confirmed by electrophysiology. Clinical scores for EAMG were highest in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice, whereas the scores of HLA-DQ6 mice rarely exceeded grade 1. There was no incidence of EAMG in class II-deficient (H2-Aβ 0 ) mice. These results demonstrate that polymorphism at the HLA-DQ locus affects the incidence and the severity of EAMG. The manifestation of susceptibility to EAMG in the context of human class II molecules underscores the important roles of these molecules in the initiation and perpetuation of EAMG.
The Politics of Citizenship in an Enlarged Europe

The Politics of Citizenship in Europe. By Howard Marc Morje. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 256 pp. $24.99 (ISBN-13: 978-0-521-69127-7). Marc Howard's The Politics of Citizenship in Europe makes a significant contribution to the literature on comparative citizenship. By breaking down citizenship legislation into component parts and measuring these empirically, Howard provides the framework for a systematic comparison of citizenship policies across Europe and beyond. Existing works have been largely structured around the close comparison of a small number of cases (Joppke 1999; Rubio-Marin 2000). The comparison of cases has also been stymied by an overreliance on strict ethnic vs. civic dichotomies. Even the citizenship laws of France and Germany, the paradigmatic cases of jus soli and jus sanguinis analyzed by Brubaker (1992), contain both civic and ethnic elements. Moreover, some countries with restrictive citizenship policies, including Germany, have liberalized their citizenship policies over the last decade owing to domestic and international pressures. Howard's comparative framework facilitates comparisons across both space and time. The main contribution of the book is the “empirical baseline” provided by Howard's Citizenship Policy Index (CPI). The CPI measures three important components of citizenship legislation: whether citizenship is awarded by birth, the length of residency necessary to naturalize, and whether those who naturalize can hold dual citizenship. CPI scores are calculated for the EU-15—the pre-2004 members of the European Union—at two points in time: the late 1980s and 2008. This allows Howard to study the origins …
Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France

Review of: "Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries in New France," by Brett Rushforth.
You Want Me to Predict What

Application of geomorphic landscape models to issues relevant to land management offers geomorphologists opportunities to do interesting, relevant science. But, this type of modeling presents some special concerns. Working in conjunction with managers and policy makers presents the risk of the modelers' expectations coming into conflict with those of managers and policy makers. Geomorphologists must effectively communicate the capabilities and limitations of geomorphic landscape modeling. And, expanding the capabilities of landscape modeling to deal with issues relevant to land management calls for a level of model complexity that landscape modelers have not often embraced. Embracing a certain amount of complexity does not, however, mean constructing a management tool. The primary goal of geomorphologists should always be to advance scientific understanding. A secondary goal should be to adequately communicate relevant results to interested managers and policy makers.
Status and Perspectives of MECO, the Muon to Electron COnversion Experiment

The article presents the MECO μ to e conversion experiment, including design features, expected sensitivity and backgrounds, and current status. MECO goals are presented in the context of existing limits on, and theoretical motivations for, high sensitivity searches for lepton flavor violation in the charged sector. Several recent and currently planned muon conversion experiments are also briefly discussed.
Toxicity of NO(2): Effect of Nitrite on Microbial Activity in an Acid Soil.

In an acid forest soil of pH 4.0 to 4.2 amended with glucose, 1.0 μg of nitrite-N per g of soil inhibited the rate of O2 utilization and CO2 evolution. The inhibition was evident only for several hours after nitrite addition, and the subsequent rate of glucose mineralization was the same as in soil not receiving nitrite. The decomposition of protein hydrolysate was reduced by 10 μg of nitrite-N per g of soil but not lower concentrations, and the inhibition of this process by 20 μg of nitrite-N per g had dissipated after 24 h. Nitrite disappeared readily from this soil. More than 20 μg of bisulfite-S per g of soil was required to inhibit glucose decomposition. The data suggest that the possible antimicrobial effects of low levels of NO2, which give rise to nitrite in soil, require further evaluation.
Fatigue Analysis of Multiple Site Damage in Lap Joint Specimens

This paper describes research to determine the influence of multiple-site damage on the fatigue life of lap joint specimens. Multiple-site damage is an important concern in aging aircraft and deals with determining failure conditions for multiple crack configurations. The goal of this paper is to determine the fatigue life for a mechanically fastened joint with multiple fatigue cracks located along one row of rivet holes. A predictive model for the fatigue life is evaluated with the results of several precracked specimens tested to failure under constant amplitude loading. Predictions for the growth and coalescence of individual cracks in specimens with various initial crack configurations and applied stress levels agree well with the experimental results.
Chinese Historiography in the Last Fifty Years

Chinese Historiography has a brilliant past. Both in quantity and in quality, only modern European historiography can be compared with it, while that of other old countries, such as India, is far inferior. Other peoples may boast of their philosophy, science, and art, but in the field of historiography no country can claim such a long and glorious tradition as can China.
Expression of an apoplast-directed, T-phylloplanin-GFP fusion gene confers resistance against Peronospora tabacina disease in a susceptible tobacco.

Phylloplanins are plant-derived, antifungal glycoproteins produced by leaf trichomes. Expression of phylloplanin-GFP fusion gene to the apoplast of a blue mold susceptible tobacco resulted in increased resistance to this pathogen. Tobaccos and certain other plants secrete phylloplanin glycoproteins to aerial surfaces where they appear to provide first-point-of-contact resistance against fungi/fungi-like pathogens. These proteins can be collected by water washing of aerial plant surfaces, and as shown for tobacco and a sunflower phylloplanins, spraying concentrated washes onto, e.g., turf grass aerial surfaces can provide resistance against various fungi/fungi-like pathogens, in the laboratory. These results suggest that natural-product, phylloplanins may be useful as broad-selectivity fungicides. An obvious question now is can a tobacco phylloplanin gene be introduced into a disease-susceptible plant to confer endogenous resistance. Here we demonstrate that introduction of a tobacco phylloplanin gene—as a fusion with the GFP gene—targeted to the apoplasm can increase resistance to blue mold disease in a susceptible host tobacco.
Structural basis of the mutagenicity of heterocyclic amines formed during the cooking processes

A data base consisting of 61 heterocyclic amines formed during food preparation and their desamino analogs were subjected to structure-activity analysis using the CASE method, a structural activity relational expert system. The program identified the major structural determinants associated with mutagenic activity or lack thereof. The structures identified as contributing to the probability of activity as well as those associated with mutagenic potency were highly predictive of molecules not in the learning set. The major structural determinant, the aromatic amino moiety, and quantum mechanical calculations revealed that the mutagenic potency associated with this functionality derived from their contribution to the energy of the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO.) © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Thermoelastic stress analysis of a pultruded composite double lap joint

The use of composite materials, in particular glass/epoxy systems for structural applications has seen widespread growth. Recent examples include a bridge in Butler County, Ohio and a covered pedestrian bridge that is scheduled to be installed in Akron, Ohio. Both of these structures employ pultruded composites for the main structural members due to their high strength, light weight and the ease of manufacture into common structural shapes such as wide flanges, I-beams and box sections. The use of these shapes gives the designer the ability to use many of the same types of structural details that are common to steel design. This paper will examine the most common method of joining structural members, bolted connections. The analysis of bolted connections in composite materials has been widely reported in the literature. Analysis methods have ranged from two and three dimensional finite element analysis to more empirical methods of calculating the stress concentration factors based on experimental data. This paper will focus on the use of the thermoelastic stress analysis method to determine the stress concentration around a steel pin loaded in double shear by a pultruded glass fiber composite. Further studies were conducted to determine the time dependent material behavior on the thermoelastic stress analysis signal output. The following is a description of the theory, experimental setup, and a summary of results.
ASM: application security monitor

Our Application Security Monitor (ASM) is a run-time monitor that dynamically collects execution-related data. ASM is part of a security framework that will allow us to explore different security policies aimed at identifying malicious behavior such as Trojan horses and backdoors.In this paper, we show what type of data ASM can collect and illustrate how this data can be used to enforce a security policy. Using ASM we are able to explore different tradeoffs between security and performance.
MCCA: Multihop Clear Channel Assessment In 802.11 DCF

We present a discussion and study of the RTS/CTS channel clearing mechanism used in the 802.11 DCF and propose a possible improvement. We focus on why the current mechanism is only a single hop process, what disadvantages this presents and what advantages a multihop version of RTS/CTS would bring. We describe why the proposed multihop approach, called Multihop Clear Channel Assessment (MCCA), brings various improvements and how it can be used in isolation in ad hoc or infrastructure mode networks and with or without additional layer 2 (L2) or layer 3 (L3) routing protocols present, depending on the purpose and performance goals of the network. MCCA should not be construed as a L2 ad hoc routing protocol but an enhanced version of RTS/CTS. MCCA is well suited to wireless home networks where it has been shown [1] that even in modest residences, full wireless connectivity is not guaranteed and using additional routing protocols at L2 or L3 may add latency and reduce throughput which could jeopardize the high bandwidth, rich media applications typical of the home network environment. We therefore ask and attempt to answer the question, what can we do to improve 802.11 based wireless networks at the fundamental MAC layer with respect to ensuring as close to full connectivity as possible before resorting to L2 or L3 routing?.
Structure-Controlled Reactions in Kaolinite-Diaspore-Boehmite Clays

Clays containing kaolinite, diaspore, and boehmite are analyzed chemically and mineralogically and their high-temperature reactions in the range 1000° to 1500°C are followed quantitatively by X-ray diffraction measurements. It is shown that the development of mullite progresses toward the equilibrium value as the temperature approaches 1500°C. When considered in detail, the reactions reflect the source of the alumina. Diaspore and boehmite first form corundum at widely different temperatures which results in the reactivity of the corundum from boehmite being greater than that from diaspore, and, in consequence, mullite develops more readily from the boehmite-containing clays. Relative expansions of clays rich in diaspore or boehmite when fired in the range 1200° to 1400°C are correlated with the manner in which mullite forms in this temperature range.
A new boundary condition for computer simulations of interfacial systems

A new boundary condition for computer simulations of interfacial systems is presented. The simulation box used in this boundary condition is the asymmetric unit of space group Pb, and it contains only one interface. Compared to the simulation box using common periodic boundary conditions which contains two interfaces, the number of particles in the simulation is reduced by half. This boundary condition was tested against common periodic boundary conditions in molecular dynamic simulations of liquid water interacting with hydroxylated silica surfaces. It yielded results essentially identical to periodic boundary condition and consumed less CPU time for comparable statistics.
A Fast Settling HBT Reference Amplifier for High Speed Digital-to-Analog Converters

This paper proposes a fast settling reference amplifier for use with a current-steering Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). The reference amplifier utilizes an open loop architecture, resulting in a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz, small chip area and low power. The wide bandwidth of the reference amplifier is shown to be important for fast settling of DAC current output. The reference amplifier is also able to generate a reference current that tracks fast changes of reference voltage, thus is useful in applications such as multiplying DACs and transversal filters. The proposed design was fabricated using a 1 ?m GaAs HBT process. The prototype reference amplifier achieves a temperature coefficient of 92 ppm/°C over a temperature range of 0--100°C and the reference current changes only ±2.14% when the power supply varies ±0.2 V.