cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Many Orthopaedic Surgeons Does It Take to Write a Manuscript? A Vignette-Based Discussion of Authorship in Orthopaedic Surgery.

Abstract: The issue of appropriate authorship designation continues to be a topic of importance because authorship of scholarly work plays an important role in the academic community. It is a recognition of an individual’s scholarly work and a factor in academic promotion. The Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) sponsored a minisymposium in 2014 to encourage discussion of the issues that arise in authorship decisions. A residency program director/department chair, a journal editor, a clinical trials coordinator, and a promotions committee member provided viewpoints. In the pages that follow, vignettes are presented along with discussion points to encourage conversation on this topic. Authorship criteria are clearly defined. Authorship based simply on seniority or contribution of cases to clinical trials is inappropriate. Discussion of authorship criteria prior to the initiation of clinical research investigations is a standard that must be met. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines provide a framework for this discussion and should be reviewed by all authors prior to publication. Modifications to published authorship guidelines may be necessary to address some of the scenarios identified here that are not adequately addressed by the existing guidelines.
Growth process optimization of ZnO thin film using atomic layer deposition

The work reports experimental studies of ZnO thin films grown on Si(100) wafers using a customized thermal atomic layer deposition. The impact of growth parameters including H2O/DiethylZinc (DEZn) dose ratio, background pressure, and temperature are investigated. The imaging results of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy reveal that the dose ratio is critical to the surface morphology. To achieve high uniformity, the H2O dose amount needs to be at least twice that of DEZn per each cycle. If the background pressure drops below 400 mTorr, a large amount of nanoflower-like ZnO grains would emerge and increase surface roughness significantly. In addition, the growth temperature range between 200 °C and 250 °C is found to be the optimal growth window. And the crystal structures and orientations are also strongly correlated to the temperature as proved by electron back-scattering diffraction and x-ray diffraction results.
Recent Advances in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer, a term that encompasses ovarian, fallopian, and peritoneal cancers, is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality. To improve patient outcomes, the field is currently focused on defining the mechanisms of cancer formation and spread, early diagnosis and prevention, and developing novel therapeutic options. This review summarizes recent advances in these areas.
The global gag rule and what to do about it.

Since Ronald Reagan was president, banning and unbanning the use of US aid to support agencies that discuss abortion or refer patients to abortion services has been a partisan tradition. Republican presidents make a point of ordering the ban in their first days in office, and Democrats make a point of rescinding it. In this, as in many other ways, Donald Trump is an ordinary Republican. On his third day in office he signed his new version of the executive order.1 The order is known as the “Mexico City policy,” after its first enunciation in 1984 in Mexico City, or as the “global gag rule,” because it effectively blocks US support to any organisation that even discusses abortion as a form of family planning. US support for organisations that provide abortion has been illegal by statute since …
Automation and heat transfer characterization of immersion mode spectroscopy for analysis of ice nucleating particles

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) influence cloud properties and can affect the overall precipitation efficiency. Developing a parameterization of INPs in global climate models has proven challenging. More INP measurements – including studies of their spatial distribution, sources and sinks, and fundamental freezing mechanisms – must be conducted in order to further improve INP parameterizations. In this paper, an immersion mode INP measurement technique is modified and automated using a software-controlled, real-time image stream designed to leverage optical changes of water droplets to detect freezing events. For the first time, heat transfer properties of the INP measurement technique are characterized using a finite-element-analysis-based heat transfer simulation to improve accuracy of INP freezing temperature measurement. The heat transfer simulation is proposed as a tool that could be used to explain the sources of bias in temperature measurements in INP measurement techniques and ultimately explain the observed discrepancies in measured INP freezing temperatures between different instruments. The simulation results show that a difference of +8.4 °C between the well base temperature and the headspace gas results in an up to 0.6 °C stratification of the aliquot, whereas a difference of +4.2 °C or less results in a thermally homogenous water volume within the error of the thermal probe, ±0.2 °C. The results also show that there is a strong temperature gradient in the immediate vicinity of the aliquot, such that without careful placement of temperature probes, or characterization of heat transfer properties of the water and cooling environment, INP measurements can be biased toward colder temperatures. Based on a modified immersion mode technique, the Automated Ice Spectrometer (AIS), measurements of the standard test dust illite NX are reported and compared against six other immersion mode droplet assay techniques featured in Hiranuma et al. (2015) that used wet suspensions. AIS measurements of illite NX INP freezing temperatures compare reasonably with others, falling within the 5 °C spread in reported spectra. The AIS as well as its characterization of heat transfer properties allows higher confidence in accuracy of freezing temperature measurement, allows higher throughput of sample analysis, and enables disentanglement of the effects of heat transfer rates on sample volumes from time dependence of ice nucleation.
Face recognition using the principal components of the scatter matrix in the frequency domain

This paper develops a Linear Discriminant Analysis based face recognition system in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain as a departure from the traditional analysis in the spatial domain. In the training mode, the truncated DCT coefficients are used to find discriminating features for all the subjects in the image database. The compact representation of the truncated DCT coefficients leads to notable reductions in data dimensionality and also bypasses the well-known Small Sample Size problem. The input data is projected on the dominant Eigenvectors of the scatter matrix capturing within-class and between-class information. To further enhance the system performance, a correction matrix computed in the training mode depending on a penalty function is used to adjust the Euclidean distances between the testing and the training poses. The final classification decision is based on the minimum distance. The ORL, YALE, FERET, and FEI databases are used to evaluate the system performance. The proposed system is shown to achieve higher recognition rates, reduced computational complexity and low storage requirements compared to its existing counterparts.
Assessing the Fragile X Syndrome Newborn Screening Landscape

BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common known inherited form of intellectual disability. Early identification is an important step in linking FXS individuals with appropriate and timely medical and social services. Newborn screening (NBS) is 1 approach that has been used for other conditions to facilitate early identification. METHODS: A literature review was conducted to identify issues, barriers, challenges, and approaches to addressing challenges related to NBS for FXS. Search terms included: fragile X syndrome, FMR1, newborn screening, screening, and genetic testing. To supplement the literature review, 9 key informant interviews were conducted. Information gathered through these interviews supplemented what was identified in the literature. Information from both the literature review and supplemental interviews was reviewed by 3 researchers who discussed and came to consensus on thematic areas and categorization of issues. RESULTS: The barriers and challenges related to NBS for FXS identified in the literature and by experts and stakeholders are categorized into 5 thematic areas: public health burden, treatment, timing, screening/testing methodologies, and translating results. Summaries of these issues and barriers are provided, along with potential approaches to addressing them. CONCLUSIONS: The issues and barriers described in this article highlight limited areas of knowledge that need be addressed to improve our understanding of FXS and the potential benefit of NBS. The landscape of NBS for FXS could be influenced by a series of research findings over time or a larger breakthrough that demonstrates an effective targeted treatment that has to be implemented early in life.
Chance constraint based design of controllers for linear uncertain systems

This paper considers the problem of state-to-state transition with state and control constraints, for a linear system with model parameter uncertainties. Polynomial chaos is used to transform the stochastic model to a deterministic surrogate model. This surrogate model is used to pose a chance constrained optimal control problem where the state constraints and the residual energy cost are represented in terms of the mean and variance of the stochastic states. The resulting convex optimization is illustrated on the problem of rest-to-rest maneuver of the benchmark floating oscillator.
Effect of a 12-Week Physical Activity Program on Gross Motor Skills in Children.

This study examined the effects of a 12-week Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on gross motor skill development in children from low-income families. Participants were 1,460 sc...
Adversarial attacks on computer vision algorithms using natural perturbations

Verifying the correctness of intelligent embedded systems is notoriously difficult due to the use of machine learning algorithms that cannot provide guarantees of deterministic correctness. In this paper, our validation efforts demonstrate that the OpenCV Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) implementation for human detection is susceptible to errors due to both malicious perturbations and naturally occurring fog phenomena. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to explicitly employ a natural perturbation (like fog) as an adversarial attack using methods from computer graphics. Our experimental results show that computer vision algorithms are susceptible to errors under a small set of naturally occurring perturbations even if they are robust to a majority of such perturbations. Our methods and results may be of interest to the designers, developers and validation teams of intelligent cyber-physical systems such as autonomous cars.
Probability and Statistics

Probability and statistical theory arose historically when it was noticed that certain regularities were observed in games of chance and in human mortality (Refs. 21-1, 21-2, and 21-3). The philosophical foundations of probability are a matter of debate to the present day. The “frequency” school holds that the probability of an event is the fraction of times the event would occur in indefinitely many independent trials repeating exactly the same situation. The “Bayesian” school holds that a probability is a subjective measurement of the strength of one’s belief that an event will occur. In addition, every position between the two views given above seems to be occupied.
Coupling matrix-assisted ionization with high resolution mass spectrometry and electron transfer dissociation to characterize intact proteins and post-translational modifications

Matrix-assisted ionization (MAI) is a recently developed ionization technique that produces multiply charged ions on either electrospray ionization (ESI) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) platform without the need of high voltage or laser ablation. In this study, MAI has been coupled to a high resolution accurate mass (HRAM) hybrid instrument, the Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer, with electron transfer dissociation (ETD) module for fast peptide and intact protein characterization. The softness of MAI process preserves labile post-translational modifications (PTM) and allows fragmentation and localization by ETD. Moreover, MAI on ESI platform allows rapid sample preparation and analysis (~ 1 min/sample) due to the easiness of sample introduction. It significantly improves the throughput compared to ESI direct infusion and MAI on MALDI platform, which usually takes more than 10 min/sample. Intact protein standards, protein mixtures, and neural tissue extracts have been characterized using this instrument platform with both full MS and MS/MS (CID, HCD, and ETD) analyses. Furthermore, the performances of ESI, MALDI, and MAI on both platforms have been tested to provide a systematic comparison among these techniques. With improved ETD performance and PTM analysis capabilities, we anticipate that the HRAM MAI-MS with ETD module will offer greater utilities in large molecule characterization with enhanced speed and coverage. These advancements will enable promising applications in bottom-up and top-down protein analyses.
Multi-receiver direct position estimation tested on a full-scale fixed-wing aircraft

In an environment surrounded by obstacles, such as a mountain valley, legacy GPS receiver architectures often experience degraded accuracy due to dense multipath and/or signal masking. To mitigate challenging effects, we propose Multi-Receiver Direct Position Estimation (MR-DPE). MR-DPE is based on existing works in Direct Position Estimation (DPE), which estimates the navigation solution in the position domain directly. This approach provides deep inter-channel couplings and information redundancy. In MR-DPE, multiple DPE receivers are organized into a receiver network with fixed antenna baselines. A unified position-velocity-time (PVT) solution is then synthesized by aggregating the measurements taken at the individual receivers. The robustness of MR-DPE is threefold: the measurement and the geometric redundancies originated from the multi-receiver framework, as well as the intrinsic robustness inherited from the individual DPE receivers. We implemented MR-DPE on our PyGNSS software-defined radio platform. The MR-DPE architecture was validated through a series of full-scale flight tests. We demonstrated the improved robustness of MR-DPE against multipath and terrain masking.
Neural Network Models and N-Queen Problems

Brief history of neural network parallel computing and four mathematical neural network models including a McCulloch-Pitts neuron, a sigmoid neuron, a hysteresis McCulloch-Pitts neuron, and a maximum neuron are introduced. “What is an N-queen problem?” and a neural network model of the N-queen problem are first presented to show how to use the neural network (sequential/parallel) model for solving general optimization problems. Two important issues are highlighted in Chapter 1:1) how to construct a neural representation from a given problem, and II) how to build the motion equation considering the necessary and sufficient constraints and/or the cost function from the problem. Three Pascal programs for N-queen problems are given for the reader to readily observe the neural network system which can run on virtually any computer.
A prospective study of nurse and patient education on compliance with sequential compression devices

Sequential compression devices (SCD) have become the most common form of prophylaxis against the formation of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) among surgical patients. However, compliance with SCD has traditionally been poor. The aim of this study was to assess the affect of patient and nurse education by surgeons on SCD compliance. This was a prospective study involving a single teaching hospital. Compliance was checked twice daily. The main outcomes were compliance rates with SCD use before and after nurse and patient education. Nurses were not aware of the study. Surgical floors had a history of resident and attending interactions regarding SCD, whereas nonsurgical floors did not. A handout that emphasized SCD importance was also given to patients on surgical units. Before education, surgical units had a compliance rate of 61.5 per cent, whereas nonsurgical units had a 48 per cent compliance rate. This difference was significant (P = 0.014). After nursing and patient education on the busiest surgical floor, compliance rates on the surgical ward increased to 65 per cent, a difference that was not of statistical significance (P = 0.515). A nursing unit's daily experience is the most important factor in their compliance rates with SCD use. Focused nursing lectures and patient education may have incremental value.
TRANSFORMING THE EXPONENTIAL FOR SPC APPLICATIONS

The long-tailed, positively skewed exponential distribution can be made into an almost symmetric distribution by taking the fourth root of the data. The transformed data can then be plotted conveniently on an individuals chart , an exponentially weighte..
Inducing Mutations with Chemicals in Habrobracon

The parasitic wasp habrobracon has long been recognized as a useful organism for mutational studies, especially since it is the only commonly used organism in which dominant lethality can be unequivocally and easily distinguished from cell inactivation. Through production of haploid males from unfertilized eggs, the entire genome is available for analysis. Further, habrobracon has a short life cycle (6–14 days, depending on the species and the temperature of rearing) and exhibits great changes in sensitivity at different stages of gametogenesis to mutagenic agents; thus it offers the advantages that an experiment may be carried out in a relatively short time and that a variety of cell types can be tested.
Carotid Aneurysm Review

Aneurysms of the carotid artery are rare with multiple underlying etiologies. Treatment is largely open surgery but medical and endovascular therapies have been used based on presentation, anatomy, and etiology. There is a moderate amount of retrospective case series data on surgical results but no prospective data or data comparing open versus endovascular therapy exists. Much research is still needed but difficult to obtain in this rare disease process.
Genome Sequencing and Individual Responses to Results

Abstract Genome sequencing expands the reach of genetic testing by interrogating the entire genome. This new technology has facilitated the diagnosis of rare and undiagnosed conditions, identified genes that contribute to complex autism, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, identified pharmaceutical effectiveness and adverse reactions, and allowed tumor profiling for treatment selection. It also unveils rare secondary findings for medically actionable results among those undergoing sequencing for another reason. Sequencing has been used to identify carrier status and other results deemed valuable by research participants that may have more personal than clinical utility. This chapter reviews genetic sequencing and its capabilities and reports on the peer-reviewed literature that has explored clinical and psychological responses from those undergoing sequencing.
Removal of Iodide from LiF-BeF 2 Melts by HF-H 2 Sparging—An Application to Iodine Removal from Molten Salt Breeder Reactor Fuel

The results of experiments in which iodine, dissolved as I- in LiF-BeF2 melts, was stripped as HI by sparging with HF-H2 mixtures have indicated that it may be possible to use such treatment to rem...
Range reduction of the Oblong Rocksnail, Leptoxis compacta, shapes riverscape genetic patterns

Many freshwater gastropod species face extinction, including 79% of species in the family Pleuroceridae. The Oblong Rocksnail, Leptoxis compacta, is a narrow range endemic pleurocerid from the Cahaba River basin in central Alabama that has seen rapid range contraction in the last 100 years. Such a decline is expected to negatively affect genetic diversity in the species. However, precise patterns of genetic variation and gene flow across the restricted range of L. compacta are unknown. This lack of information limits our understanding of human impacts on the Cahaba River system and Pleuroceridae. Here, we show that L. compacta has likely seen a species-wide decline in genetic diversity, but remaining populations have relatively high genetic diversity. We also report a contemporary range extension compared to the last published survey. Leptoxis compacta does not display an isolation by distance pattern, contrasting patterns seen in many riverine taxa. Our findings also indicate that historical range contraction has resulted in the absence of common genetic patterns seen in many riverine taxa like isolation by distance as the small distribution of L. compacta allows for relatively unrestricted gene flow across its remaining range despite limited dispersal abilities. Two collection sites had higher genetic diversity than others, and broodstock sites for future captive propagation and reintroduction efforts should utilize sites identified here as having the highest genetic diversity. Broadly, our results support the hypothesis that range contraction will result in the reduction of species-wide genetic diversity, and common riverscape genetic patterns cannot be assumed to be present in species facing extinction risk.
A Bayesian Surrogate Constitutive Model to Estimate Failure Probability of Rubber-Like Materials

In this study, a stochastic constitutive modeling approach for elastomeric materials is developed to consider uncertainty in material behavior and its prediction. This effort leads to a demonstration of the deterministic approaches error compared to probabilistic approaches in order to calculate the probability of failure. First, the Bayesian linear regression model calibration approach is employed for the Carroll model representing a hyperelastic constitutive model. The developed model is calibrated based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Maximum a Priori (MAP) estimation. Next, a Gaussian process (GP) as a non-parametric approach is utilized to estimate the probabilistic behavior of elastomeric materials. In this approach, hyper-parameters of the radial basis kernel in GP are calculated using L-BFGS method. To demonstrate model calibration and uncertainty propagation, these approaches are conducted on two experimental data sets for silicon-based and polyurethane-based adhesives, with four samples from each material. These uncertainties stem from model, measurement, to name but a few. Finally, failure probability calculation analysis is conducted with First Order Reliability Method (FORM) analysis and Crude Monte Carlo (CMC) simulation for these data sets by creating a limit state function based on the stochastic constitutive model at failure stretch. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is used to show the importance of each parameter in the probability of failure. Results show the performance of the proposed approach not only for uncertainty quantification and model calibration but also for failure probability calculation of hyperelastic materials.
Distance from Typical Scan Path When Viewing Complex Stimuli in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Association with Behavior

Eye-tracking is often used to study attention in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous research has identified multiple atypical patterns of attention in children with ASD based on areas-of-interest analysis. Fewer studies have investigated gaze path, a measure which is dependent on the dynamic content of the stimulus presented. Here, rather than looking at proportions of looking time to areas of interest, we calculated mean fixations frame-by-frame in a group of typically developing children (36 to 72 months) and determined the distance from those typical fixations for 155 children with ASD (27–95 months). Findings revealed that distance from the typical scan path among the children with ASD was associated with lower communication abilities and greater ASD symptomatology.
Classification of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders

There are several conditions which fall under the umbrella of sleep-related breathing disorders per the International Classifications of Sleep Disorders Third Edition. Though obstructive sleep apnea is the most commonly encountered clinically, other sleep-related breathing disorders such as central sleep apnea, sleep-related hypoventilation, treatment emergent central sleep apnea, and many other abnormal patterns of respiration can be noted during sleep. A single patient may have numerous sleep-related breathing disorders, including both obstructive and central sleep apnea. This is important when deciding proper management and treatment for these patients, as many traditional treatments for obstructive sleep apnea may not be effective for other sleep-related breathing disorders. They may require treatment such as more advanced noninvasive ventilation or supplemental oxygen. Many times further evaluation and treatment of an underlying condition may be necessary (i.e., heart failure, intrinsic lung disease). Severity of sleep apnea is typically determined on the number of abnormal breathing events per hour of sleep as noted on a sleep study. The severity of sleep apnea can also be helpful in determining appropriate management and treatment options.
The 2018 American Steel Tariffs: Incidence, Pass-Through, and Price Coordination

We examine the impact of the steel tariffs imposed by the United States in 2018. The tariffs were unusual in their size – 25% – and comprehensive coverage. These characteristics, as well as the concentrated nature of the U.S. industry, make the tariffs a useful instrument for measuring pass-through both in border prices and in prices charged by domestic industry. We find that the tariffs were fully absorbed by importers and led to price increases, roughly equal to the tariffs, in the American steel industry. The large domestic price increases, which began in advance of the imposition of the tariffs, are most parsimoniously explained as an instance of price coordination. The effects included large transfers from steel consumers to domestic steel producers and significant dead-weight losses. The increase in capacity utilization in the steel industry, the leading stated goal of the tariffs, came at a cost in transfers to steel producers of about $3.4 billion per percentage point of capacity utilization and a dead-weight loss of $1.1 billion per percentage point for our 15-month study period. These are not one-time costs but represent the continuing impact of the tariffs. Our results demonstrate the damage that tariffs can create even if they are temporary and are employed as a negotiating tactic.
Obituary, James O. Marshall III (1934–2021)

With the death on March 4, 2021, of James O. Marshall III, Kansas and Central Plains archaeology lost a dedicated student. He was 86 years old. Jim’s death followed that of his wife of 64 years, Sa...
Mobile Device Threat: Malware

Mobile devices have exploded in popularity in the past decades due to their ability to function in both people’s personal lives as well as the business world. Having a computer in your pocket that can let you connect with people around the world and give you access to any information with a few taps presents both good and bad possibilities. While people are more accustomed to facing computer viruses, mobile devices are not immune to the everlooming threat of hackers and in some cases may be even more vulernable. Given how common "Bring Your Own Device" policies are becoming in the business worlds, one simple user clicking a phising link in an email they think is legitimate can lead to massive network hacks. Devices can only have so much security built into them, which means that the user must be knowledgeable of what usage habits will allow for not only them but others who may be on the same network to have secure usage.
Proximity interactome analysis of Lassa polymerase reveals eRF3a/GSPT1 as a druggable target for host directed antivirals.

Completion of the Lassa virus (LASV) life cycle critically depends on the activities of the virally encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in replication and transcription of the negative-sense RNA viral genome in the cytoplasm of infected cells. We hypothesized that interactions with an array of cellular proteins may enable LASV polymerase to execute distinct viral RNA biosynthetic processes. To investigate this hypothesis, we applied proximity proteomics to define the interactome of LASV polymerase in cells, under conditions that recreate viral transcription and replication. We engineered a LASV polymerase-biotin ligase TurboID fusion protein that retained polymerase activity and successfully biotinylated the proximal proteome, which allowed us to identify 42 high-confidence hits that interact with LASV polymerase. We performed an siRNA screen to evaluate the role of the identified interactors in LASV infection, which uncovered six host factors for which their depletion affected LASV infection. We found that one polymerase interactor, eukaryotic peptide chain release factor subunit 3a (eRF3a/GSPT1), physically and functionally associated with LASV polymerase, exhibiting proviral activity. Accordingly, pharmacological targeting of GSPT1 resulted in strong inhibition of LASV infection. In summary, our work demonstrates the feasibility of using proximity proteomics to illuminate and characterize yet to be defined, host-pathogen interactomes, which can reveal new biology and uncover novel targets for the development of antivirals against LASV. Significance StatementLassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), poses an important public health problem in Western Africa, and current therapeutic interventions are very limited. Due to its limited genome coding capacity, LASV proteins are often multifunctional and orchestrate complex interactions with cellular factors to execute the steps required to complete its viral life cycle. LASV polymerase is essential for the replication and expression of the viral genome, and it is consequently an attractive target for antiviral intervention. Here we present the first host interactome of LASV polymerase, which can guide the identification of novel druggable host cellular targets for the development of cost-effective antiviral therapies against LF.
Changes in body weight and metabolic risk during time restricted feeding in premenopausal versus postmenopausal women.

Abstract Background Time restricted feeding (TRF) involves confining the eating window to a specific number of hours, and fasting for the remaining hours of the day. Objective This study examined if changes in body weight and metabolic risk factors during TRF, differ between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Methods This is a secondary analysis of an 8-week TRF study (4–6 h eating window, 18–20 h fasting window daily) conducted in adults with obesity. Male participants were excluded, and female subjects were classified in two groups based on menstrual status: premenopausal (n = 13), or postmenopausal (n = 19). Perimenopausal women were excluded from the original study. Results Body weight decreased by week 8 in premenopausal women (−3.3 ± 0.4%) and postmenopausal women (−3.3 ± 0.5%) (main effect of time, P Conclusion These findings suggest that the weight loss and metabolic benefits of TRF do not differ between premenopausal and postmenopausal women with obesity.
Relationship of embodied nursing knowledge and client outcomes in home health.

ABSTRACTEmbodied nursing knowledge and its effects on patient outcomes are understudied in home health. The researchers performed a descriptive correlational study, in nine home health agencies in Ohio, to consider the effects of embodied nursing knowledge in expert practice in 107 registered nurses working in Medicare certified home health agencies. While statistical significance was not noted, findings of this study add to the understanding or research and the outcome improvement scores in home health. Findings also pose the question that the concepts used in acute care to improve mortality rates and patient outcome improvements may be different in home health.
Intellectual disability is “a condition, not a number”: Ethics of IQ cut-offs in psychiatry, human services and law

Summary Diagnosis in psychiatry and related fields is complicated by the fact that symptoms overlap across categories, comorbidity of diagnoses is commonplace, and information about a specific physical etiology (critical for diagnosis in medicine) is typically lacking. The field of intellectual disabilities/intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) differs from other psychiatric categories in the historically heavy reliance on IQ cut-offs to create the expectation of a clear demarcation between people who have IDD and those who do not. There is increasing dissatisfaction with this practice, however, as reflected in the move by DSM-5 away from a “disability” and towards a “disorder” emphasis. The May 2014 US Supreme Court majority decision in Hall v Florida which outlawed the use in death penalty cases of a “bright line” (IQ of 70) arbitrary IQ ceiling that ignores the standard error of five points exemplifies this evolving perspective, as reflected in the opinion delivered by Justice Kennedy that “intellectual disability is a condition, not a number”. In this paper, we trace the evolving history of our understanding of intelligence (and the increasingly outmoded nature of the entrenched concept of full-scale IQ) and describe the various efforts in three fields—human services, psychiatry, and law—that have been made to go beyond reliance on IQ ceilings and to reestablish a more scientifically accurate as well as clinically appropriate approach to IDD. Three ethical principles—beneficence/non-maleficence, consistency and rationality—are used to indicate why continued reliance on IQ ceilings in diagnosing IDD is a morally questionable practice.
The development of supportive-care agents for patients with cancer.

Abstract As the population ages, a dramatic increase in the number of cases of cancer is expected and the need for supportive-care agents, those used to ameliorate some of the side effects of cancer or its treatment, becomes more urgent. At present, supportive-care products are available and new agents are being developed with novel mechanisms of action or modifications of existing agents that improve performance. Because of the urgent need for such products, efficient development is required to deliver useful products to patients as rapidly as possible. This chapter uses actual examples to illustrate the stages of drug development, phase 1 through phase 3.
Collateral Approach for Biventricular Pacing of Coronary Sinus Ostium Obstruction

A 71-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy and complete atrioventricular block underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) due to chronic heart failure that was not improved by conventional medical treatment. But we found the coronary vein ostium was completely obstructed by coronary venography. The contrast medium flowed out from the right atrium via a collateral pathway. Thus a left ventricular lead was placed via a collateral pathway and was successfully implanted without complications. The postoperative threshold was 2.7 V at 0.4 ms. The subjective symptom improved after CRT. The safety of this procedure was not clear.
From sequence to consequence

A report from the "Quantitative challenges in the post-genomic sequence era" workshop and symposium, San Diego, January 11-15, 2000 Conference website: http://ljis.ucsd.edu/ljis2000_announce.html
Identification and characterization of B cell precursors in rat lymphoid tissues. I. Adoptive transfer assays for precursors of TI-1, TI-2, and TD antigen-reactive B cells.

Abstract Quantitative adoptive transfer assays were developed to detect the precursors or TI-1, TI-2, and TD antigen-reactive B cells in rat lymphoid tissues. Studies on the immune responses in normal and athymic nude rats validate the use of TNP-lipopolysaccharide as a TI-1 antigen, TNP-Ficoll as a TI-2 antigen, and SRBC as a TD antigen in rats. The precursors to these immunologically competent B cells are detected, following transfer into irradiated histocompatible recipients, by their ability to generate expanded populations of antigen-reactive B cells capable of mounting antibody responses (splenic IgM plaque-forming cells) to these antigens. Maximal numbers of antigen-reactive B cells emerge in antigenically naive rats after an interval of 7-12 days following transfer of donor lymphoid cells and decline rapidly thereafter. The delayed responses in adoptive recipients reconstituted with spleen cells are proportional to the numbers of spleen cells transferred and are shown to be primarily donor derived using histocompatible Ig κ chain alloantigen disparate rat strain combinations. The precursors of TI-1, TI-2, and TD antigenreactive B cells are present in both donor spleen and bone marrow. However, precursor cells to TI-1 and TD antigens are largely absent from donor lymph node cells, whereas precursors to the TI-2 antigen are as prevalent in donor lymph node as in donor spleen. These results support the hypothesis that newly formed virginal B cells represent transient populations of precursor cells that undergo further proliferation and differentiation in the spleen before acquiring immunological competence. The results also suggest that the precursors of TI-2 antigen-reactive B cells differ developmentally from those of TI-1 and TD antigen-reactive B cells and that the antigen-reactive progeny of these precursors require additional stimulation in order to join the pool of long-lived peripheral B cells.
Hybrid Recommender Systems with Case-Based Components

Hybrid recommender systems combine recommendation components of different types to achieve improved performance. Many such hybrids have been built but recent studies show that hybrids using case- based recommendation are rare. This paper shows how a range of different hybrids can be constructed using a case-based recommender as one component, and describes a series of experiments in which 20 different hybrids are built and evaluated. Cascade and feature augmentation hybrids are shown to have the highest accuracy over a range of different profile sizes.
The isolated perfused rat brain preparation in the study of monoamine oxidase and benzylamine oxidase. Lack of selective brain perfusion.

Abstract Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is present in brain blood vessels, and a different amine oxidase, benzylamine oxidase (BzAO), is claimed to exist in porcine cerebral vessels. The object of the present investigation was to evaluate these deaminating activities in the structurally intact brain, utilizing the isolated perfused rat brain preparation (IPRB). [ 14 C]Benzylamine (10 μM), a substrate for both BzAO and MAO, was perfused via the internal carotid arteries for 5 min, and deaminated metabolites were measured. BzAO and MAO activities were distinguished by the use of the selective inhibitors semi-carbazide and pargyline. Both BzAO and MAO deaminated benzylamine (10 μm), but over 90 per cent of the total deaminated products resulted from BzAO. This was due to the much lower K m , value of benzylamine for BzAO (2.8μM) than for MAO (169 μM). In vitro assays, however, revealed that the brain contained no measurable BzAO activity, whereas all other head structures (skull, mandible, skin, skeletal muscle, eyes, periocular tissues and tongue) contained BzAO activity. MAO was present both within and outside the brain. These results suggest that the IPRB preparation is not specific for brain perfusion. Experiments with technetium-labeled microspheres showed that, although the brain is preferentially perfused on a per gram basis, 52 per cent of the total perfusate passed through the skull and 13 per cent through extracranial structures. Only 35 per cent was specific for the brain. Other experiments showed that perfusion of the intact rat head produced greater deamination of benzylamine than when the skin and 70 per cent of the muscle were removed. Additionally, perfusion via the pterygopalatine arteries, to bypass the brain, resulted in increased deamination. It is concluded that the IPRB preparation is not specific for brain perfusion and that BzAO activity is present in all head structures other than the brain. The presence of BzAO in bone, skin, and muscle is consistent with suggestions for a physiological function of the enzyme in connective tissue.
Concordance Between Parent Reports of Children's Mental Health Services and Service Records: The Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA)

The concordance between parent reports of children's mental health services and medical and administrative service records were assessed in a field test of the Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA) interview instrument. Service use reports from primary caregivers, usually mothers, for their child's emotional or behavioral problems were compared against inpatient, outpatient, and school records in St. Louis, one of the pilot sites for the Multi-Site Study of Service Use, Need, Outcomes and Costs in Child and Adolescent Populations (UNOCCAP). A global “any use” service variable, comprised of inpatient, outpatient, and school reports, yielded an overall service use concordance kappa of .76 between parent reports and records. Parent reports of inpatient hospitalization services using the SACA yielded the highest agreement with medical records, with kappa statistics of 1.00 for use of any inpatient hospital care and for medication use. Parent reports of specific inpatient services concurred with medical records more moderately, yielding kappas from .50 to .66. Reports of any outpatient mental health services yielded variable rates of agreement, with kappas ranging from .67 for any use of outpatient care, to .66 for medication use, to negligible kappas for specific treatments. Parent reports of school services were weakly related to records for most services, except for moderate agreement (.48) on placement in special classrooms for emotional or behavioral problems. Family burden or impact discriminated more powerfully than other variables between respondents who concurred with records and those who did not.
Cytochrome c release precedes mitochondrial membrane potential loss in cerebellar granule neuron apoptosis: lack of mitochondrial swelling

It has been suggested that release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) from mitochondria during apoptotic death is through opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore followed by swelling-induced rupture of the mitochondrial outer membrane. However, this remains controversial and may vary with cell type and model system. We determined that in mouse cerebellar granule neurons, Cyt c redistribution preceded the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential during the apoptotic process, suggesting that the pore did not open prior to release. Furthermore, when mitochondria were morphologically assessed by electron microscopy, they were not obviously swollen during the period of Cyt c release. This indicates that the pore mechanism of action, if any, is not through mitochondrial outer membrane rupture. While bongkrekic acid, an inhibitor of pore opening, modestly delayed apoptotic death, it also caused a significant (p < 0.05) suppression of protein synthesis. An equivalent suppression of protein synthesis by cycloheximide had a similar delaying effect, suggesting that bongkrekic acid was acting non-specifically. These findings suggest that mitochondrial permeability transition pore is not involved in Cyt c release from mitochondria during the apoptotic death of cerebellar granule neurons.
High Performance Elastomers

The term “high performance elastomers” can, of course, be rather broadly defined. This is because of the unusual situation which prevails in the field of elastomers, and which is not really paralleled in any other area of polymer science. It arises from the fact that the use of rubber in industry and commerce began over 150 years ago, and is still greatly concerned today with natural rubber. Hence the development of the synthetic rubbers, which only date back about 50 years, depended strongly on their “high performance”, compared with the natural product. Of course, since those early beginnings, synthetic rubber has also filled part of the need for “general purpose” rubber. However, in selecting the particular synthetic rubbers for discussion at this symposium, I defined “high performance” as the ability of the material to withstand rather extreme ambient conditions, involving heat, chemicals, solvents, etc. Hence the fact that any given elastomer could do “as good a job as”, or even slightly better than, natural rubber, or at lower cost, should not, in my opinion, put it in the class of high performance.
The Operational Mesogamma-Scale Analysis and Forecast System of the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command. Part II: Interrange Comparison of the Accuracy of Model Analyses and Forecasts

This study builds upon previous efforts to document the performance of the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command’s Four-Dimensional Weather Modeling System using conventional metrics. Winds, temperature, and specific humidity were verified for almost 15 000 forecasts at five U.S. Army test ranges using near-surface mesonet data. The primary objective was to use conventional metrics to characterize the degree to which forecast accuracy varies from range to range, within the diurnal cycle, with elapsed forecast time, and among the seasons. It was found that there are large interrange differences in forecast error, with larger errors typically associated with the ranges located near complex orography. Similarly, significant variations in accuracy were noted for different times in the diurnal cycle, but the diurnal dependency varied greatly among the ranges. Factor of 2 differences in accuracy were also found across the seasons.
Diatomic substitutionals in superconducting Nb(1−x)B2

Abstract Using first-principles, density functional theory calculations, we have shown that the increase in superconducting critical temperature to above 9 K experimentally observed for B-rich, off-stoichiometry NbB 2 material is associated with the formation of B-dimers on Nb sites rather than with the formation of Nb vacancies, as previously proposed. Our calculations show that certain of these B-dimer configurations have lower binding energies than do the vacancy structures. This result is pressure independent in the range between 0 and 10 GPa, and above. Further, the dimer-containing materials have a higher electronic density of states at the Fermi level than do the vacancy structures. Finally, the presence of B-dimers results in the splitting off of phonon normal modes. These last two factors are relevant to the improved superconducting properties.