cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TIME‐INTENSITY PROPERTIES OF SWEET AND BITTER STIMULI: IMPLICATIONS FOR SWEET AND BITTER TASTE CHEMORECEPTION

Interindividuaf differences in sweet and bitter taste sensitivity were investigated using time-intensity (TI) measurements and multivariate statistics. TI profifes were obtained in triplicate from 25 subjects for 23 sweet and/or bitter stimuli first matched to be approximately equi-intense to 200 mM NaCf. Sweet stimuli, except for the larger sweeteners, were lesspersistent, and required less time to reach maximum intensity than bitter stimuii. The results of principal component (PCA) and cluster (CA) analyses of the stimuli × subjects matrices for maximum intensity (Imax), time to maximum intensity (Tmax), total duration (Tdur), and area under the curve (Area) suggest that sweet and bitter stimuli do not share common receptors; and that there are at feast two receptor mechanisms each for sweet taste (one for sugars and other smaff compounds, and the other for farge sweeteners) and bitter taste (one for PTC/PROP and one for other bitter compounds)
Seminal characteristics and artificial insemination of Chinese pheasants, Tragopan temminckii, Lophophorus impeyanus, and Lophophorus lhuysii

Long-term conservation plans for endangered species of birds include the study of basic reproductive functions and the development of artificial reproductive techniques. This 6 year study of Chinese pheasants resulted in the description of seminal characteristics and the production of chicks from artificial insemination in each of three species. Semen was collected three times a week from February through June from two Temminck's tragopans (Tragopan temminckii), four Himalayan monals (Lophophorus impeyanus), and one Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii). Ejaculates were analyzed for volume, concentration, and motility; some were extended and used for artificial insemination (AI). A semen quality index (SQI) was calculated from all measured semen parameters to generate a single number to facilitate the comparison of males, years, and species. For all three species, insemination of fresh semen began the day a hen laid an egg and continued two or three times a week until the end of the study. Over all years, tragopan 2 produced semen with a higher SQI than tragopan 1. Variation within individual Himalayan monals was also recorded with SQIs ranging from a low of 10.8 for male 4 to a high of 25.8 for male 1. When all males were compared by species, the Chinese monal, collected only in 1 year, exhibited a higher SQI than the tragopans or the Himalayan monals. During one 54 day period, a single tragopan hen was inseminated twice, 28 days apart to assess the longevity of inseminated sperm in the female reproductive tract. Fertile eggs were laid for 21 days following the first insemination and for 26 days following the second insemination. AI of tragopans and Himalayan monals resulted in 100% hatchability; for Chinese monals, the figure was 57%. It is believed that this study represents the first report of successful artificial insemination in Himalayan and Chinese monals. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Studies of K line filtergrams

High resolution filtergrams made with a 0.3 A K line filter at Big Bear are discussed. The dark K3 clouds noted in spectra by Bappu and Sivaraman (1971) are confirmed; they cover about 1/3 of the inside of supergranule cells, and oscillate (mainly horizontally) with 3–4 min period. Their vertical extent of about 3000 km produces a sharp broadening of K3 at the extreme limb and obscuration of bright features.
Biosynthesis of phenolic antioxidants in carrot tissue increases with wounding intensity

Abstract Biosynthesis of phenolic antioxidants in three carrots cultivars (Navajo, Legend and Choctaw) were studied under different wounding intensities (A/W) during storage. Generated A/W of 4.2, 6.0 and 23.5 cm 2 /g, corresponded to slices, pies, and shreds, respectively. Soluble phenolics, antioxidant capacity (AOX), and PAL activity increased with A/W for all cultivars. Intense wounding (23.5 cm 2 /g) induced an ∼2.5- and ∼12.4-fold increase in soluble phenolics and AOX, respectively, after 4 days compared to whole carrots. Wounding induced the synthesis of mainly chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. A higher proportion of 5-CQA in the phenolic mixture was responsible for an increasing specific AOX (809 and 1619 μg Trolox/mg phenolics for whole carrots and shreds, respectively, for Choctaw cultivar). Wounded carrots can be promoted as an inexpensive rich source of phenolic antioxidants for the regular diet. By simply increasing wounding stress intensity it is possible to enhance the biosynthesis of phenolic antioxidants.
Boundary layer analysis of the wide capillary tube

LAPLACE in 1805 applied a boundary layer analysis to the wide capillary tube in order to approximate the capillary rise at the center of the tube and to approximate the capillary surface shape. This was apparently the first time that a boundary layer analysis had been applied to a singular perturbation problem. The purpose of this paper is to put Laplace's analysis on a rigorous mathematical basis, that is, to derive error estimates which establish that the relative error in the boundary layer approximation is uniformily small over the entire capillary surface. A mathematical description of the boundary value problem for the capillary surface in a vertical tube was given by LAPLACE in a form equivalent to the following, + d r rS'(,') 1 Lye/=rf(r), 0 < r < l (1)
Deep convective cloud-top heights and their thermodynamic control during CRYSTAL-FACE

Infrared (11 micron) radiances from GOES-8 and local radiosonde profiles, collected during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) in July 2002, are used to assess the vertical distribution of Florida-area deep convective cloud top height and test predictions as to its variation based on parcel theory. The highest infrared tops (Z(sub 11)) reached approximately to the cold point, though there is at least a 1-km uncertainty due to unknown cloud-environment temperature differences. Since lidar shows that visible 'tops' are 1 km or more above Z(sub 11), visible cloud tops frequently penetrated the lapse-rate tropopause (approx. 15 km). Further, since lofted ice content may be present up to approx. 1 km above the visible tops, lofting of moisture through the mean cold point (15.4 km) was probably common. Morning clouds, and those near Key West, rarely penetrated the tropopause. Non-entraining parcel theory (i.e., CAPE) does not successfully explain either of these results, but can explain some of the day-to-day variations in cloud top height over the peninsula. Further, moisture variations above the boundary layer account for most of the day-today variability not explained by CAPE, especially over the oceans. In all locations, a 20% increase in mean mixing ratio between 750 and 500 hPa was associated with about 1 km deeper maximum cloud penetration relative to the neutral level. These results suggest that parcel theory may be useful for predicting changes in cumulus cloud height over time, but that parcel entrainment must be taken into account even for the tallest clouds. Accordingly, relative humidity above the boundary layer may exert some control on the height of the tropical troposphere.
Induction of the differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in combination with low levels of vitamin D3

Previous experiments have shown that a variety of agents that interfere with the activity of the transcription factor NF-kB significantly enhanced the differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells when combined with low levels of the monocytic/macrophagic differentiating agent vitamin D3. These include an antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide to the Rel A subunit of NF-kB, vitamin E and other antioxidants, and curcumin. Acetylsalicylic acid and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents represent another group of agents that have been reported to inhibit NF-kB at serum levels approximating those obtained during long-term therapy of chronic inflammatory states. To determine whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents also were capable of enhancing the differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells produced by vitamin D3, we measured the effects of a variety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the maturation of HL-60 cells produced by low levels of vitamin D3. Acetylsalicylic acid by itself had no significant effect on the differentiation of HL-60 cells; however, this agent markedly increased the degree of differentiation produced by low levels of vitamin D3. Furthermore, a variety of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents of different chemical classes exhibited similar enhancements of the maturation of HL-60 cells when combined with vitamin D3. An analogous increase in the differentiation of HL-60 cells was also obtained by combination of several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents with the granulocytic inducing agent, retinoic acid, but not with dimethylsulfoxide. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents also enhanced the differentiation of HL-60 cells when combined with vitamin D analogs which share the receptor binding properties of vitamin D3; however, a vitamin D analog which caused significant calcium mobilization, but was less effective in receptor binding than vitamin D3, did not induce the differentiation of HL-60 cells in the presence or absence of anti-inflammatory agents. The findings suggest that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may have utility in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia when used with the D vitamins or retinoic acid.
Comparing the Performance of Expert User Heuristics and an Integer Linear Program in Aircraft Carrier Deck Operations

Planning operations across a number of domains can be considered as resource allocation problems with timing constraints. An unexplored instance of such a problem domain is the aircraft carrier flight deck, where, in current operations, replanning is done without the aid of any computerized decision support. Rather, veteran operators employ a set of experience-based heuristics to quickly generate new operating schedules. These expert user heuristics are neither codified nor evaluated by the United States Navy; they have grown solely from the convergent experiences of supervisory staff. As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are introduced in the aircraft carrier domain, these heuristics may require alterations due to differing capabilities. The inclusion of UAVs also allows for new opportunities for on-line planning and control, providing an alternative to the current heuristic-based replanning methodology. To investigate these issues formally, we have developed a decision support system for flight deck operations that utilizes a conventional integer linear program-based planning algorithm. In this system, a human operator sets both the goals and constraints for the algorithm, which then returns a proposed schedule for operator approval. As a part of validating this system, the performance of this collaborative human–automation planner was compared with that of the expert user heuristics over a set of test scenarios. The resulting analysis shows that human heuristics often outperform the plans produced by an optimization algorithm, but are also often more conservative.
Effectiveness of an artificial substrate for sampling macroinvertebrates in small streams

SUMMARY. Factors affecting invertebrate colonization of samplers consisting of twenty-five 5-cm diameter porcelain balls were studied in small northern California streams. Peaks in diversity, in number of individuals and in taxa, occurred after 2—4 weeks in each of four 10-week colonization runs. Most variation in number of organisms was correlated with increases in organic detritus. Time was the second most important variable. The average coefficient of variation in total numbers collected from the artificial sampler was 0.40, slightly less than the average 0.56 for the Surber sampler. Published coefficients of variation for artificial substrates range from 0.109 to 0.849, which are similar to values reported from work with the Surber sampler. We had several practical difficulties with the artificial substrates. Samplers were lost, became clogged or buried, supported vertebrate predators and were costly. The samplers also collected some organisms in greater proportion than their occurrences in the natural substrate. In sampling small streams these disadvantages (compared to a Surber sampler) outweigh the slight reduction in sampling variability.
How much are patients willing to pay to avoid postoperative muscle pain associated with succinylcholine

Abstract Study Objective To determine how much money patients are willing to pay to avoid postoperative muscle pains associated with succinylcholine. Design Observational study with survey instrument. Setting University-affiliated metropolitan hospital. Patients Eighty-eight adult patients, 43 men and 45 women, who were scheduled to undergo surgery with general anesthesia and who completed a preoperative questionnaire (median age range, 41-50 y; median income, US$45,000-60,000). Interventions and Measurements Patients completed a computerized, interactive questionnaire preoperatively. They were asked about demographics and previous experiences with muscle pain and postoperative myalgia. With the use of the willingness-to-pay model, the value that they would be willing to pay for a hypothetical muscle relaxant that avoided postoperative myalgia was determined. Main Results Eighty-nine percent of patients considered avoiding postoperative myalgia as important. Patients were willing to pay a median (interquartile range) of $33 ($19-$50) out of pocket for a muscle relaxant that was not associated with postoperative myalgia, a figure that increased to $40 if the insurance company paid for the drug ( P Conclusion Patients consider avoidance of postoperative myalgia important and are willing to pay $33 out of pocket for a muscle relaxant that is not associated with this side effect.
Wear models and predictive equations: their form and content

Abstract Most wear models and equations in the literature were analyzed as to origin, content and applicability. No single predictive equation or group of limited equations could be found for general and practical use. The reasons include the perpetuation of erroneous and subjective expressions for the mechanisms of wear, the slow pace of translation of microscopic observations into macroscopic models of the wearing processes and the paucity of good experiments to verify proposed models.
The Coefficient of Determination—Some Limitations

(1974). The Coefficient of Determination—Some Limitations. The American Statistician: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 19-20.
Nutrition and Adults With Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities: Systematic Literature Review Results*

Abstract Approximately 4.5 million Americans have an intellectual or developmental disability. Concern is increasing about these individuals' nutrition-related behavior and its implications for the...
Time perspective as a potential tool for psychotherapeutic intervention

This pilot study shows (1) similarities among adults in the patterns of organization of the past, present, and future based upon individual imagery and spatial representation of their personal perspective of their lives and (2) a relationship between perceived health and future-orientation, i.e., how far into their future a person imagines self still to be alive. The data support the concept of a personal spatial representation of past, present, and future (a timeline) and sets the foundation for the development of psychological interventions based on this representation for 50 participants (23 men and 27 women). When asked to visualize their personal timelines, subjects indicated a general pattern of their future spatially located to the right and in front of themselves; their past was generally located to the left or behind. The distance into the future seen by participants initially (M +/- SE) were 8 +/- 2.3 yr., 16 +/- 2.8 yr., and 27 +/- 5.5 yr. for the self-reported health status of "poor", "good", and "excellent", respectively (p < .05). Research must firmly establish general patterns of spatial representations of time (timeliness) across cultures, age, race, and beliefs, and explore implications for treatment.
Ionic conductivities of hybrid inorganic sulfide–polyether electrolytes

Hybrid polymers combining P2S5 moieties with oligoether spacers have been prepared, and the conductivities and glass transition temperatures of their solutions of lithium salts have been examined. The materials are highly viscous but mostly not rubbery. A high ambient temperature conductivity of 10 " 3.9 S cm " 1 was obtained with LiTFSI dissolved in the sulfide! /PEO matrix. The decoupling of Li # motion from the polymer segmental motion is demonstrated, suggesting that, in certain cases, the transport number for Li # ion in the sulfide! /PEO matrix will be much higher than in a typical PEO-based salt-in-polymer system. # 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Impact of Cleft Width in Clefts of Secondary Palate on the Risk of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

Objective To investigate the association between velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), a common finding after cleft palate repair, and various risk factors, including cleft width.Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with isolated cleft palates repaired from 2003 to 2008 at a tertiary children's hospital. Patients were observed postoperatively for development of VPI and palatal fistula. The primary risk factor was cleft width. Covariates included cleft length, age at surgery, and presence of associated syndrome. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios (ORs).Results The cohort comprised 61 patients. Mean (SD) patient age at the time of cleft repair was 13 (3) months. Fistula rate was 3%. Overall rate of postoperative VPI was 32%. We found significant associations between VPI diagnosis and increasing age in months at the time of palate repair (OR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.2-1.7]) and between VPI and cleft width greater than 10 mm (OR, 5.3 [95% CI, 1.8-15.6]). The association between VPI and cleft width was similar after adjustment for cleft length, patient age, and syndrome presence (OR, 4.5 [95% CI, 1.1-18.7]).Conclusions Our results suggest that increased palatal cleft width is associated with a greater risk of postoperative VPI. Clinicians should consider this when counseling patient families for cleft palate repair.
Evolving Patterns of Sex Segregation

Men and women often work in different jobs. The differing distribution of men and women across positions within the occupational structure may be referred to as the “sex segregation” of occupations. Sex segregation remains a defining element of the American occupational structure. The composition of incumbents in a position, whether they are male or female, influences the notions men and women hold about their own opportunities. The concentration of women in low-paying, female-dominated occupations also contributes to the earnings gap between women and men.
Echocardiographic measures of acute haemodynamic response after cardiac resynchronization therapy predict long-term clinical outcome.

Aims Although acute haemodynamic improvement in response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is reflective of a favourable cardiac contractile response, there is limited information regarding not only its ability to predict long-term clinical outcome but also cardiac-substrate-specific differences in the prognostic value of this measure. Methods and results Fifty-three heart failure patients (69 ± 11 years) with low left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (22 ± 6%), wide QRS (169 ± 31 ms), and indications for CRT were included. There were no significant differences in age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, medications, QRS width, or LVEF between ischaemic ( n = 37) and non-ischaemic ( n = 16) groups. Echocardiograms were performed within 24 h of implantation with device OFF and ON. Acute haemodynamic response was measured as LV d P /d t derived from the CW Doppler of mitral regurgitation. Percentage change in d P /d t was used to classify patients: high- (HR: Δd P /d t > 25%) or poor-responders (PR: Δd P /d t ≤ 25%). Clinical response to CRT was defined by a combined endpoint of hospitalizations and all-cause mortality at 12 months. HR group had a significantly better outcome compared to the PR group ( P -value = 0.004) irrespective of the aetiology of the cardiomyopathy. Conclusion Echocardiographic assessment of the acute haemodynamic response to CRT predicts long-term clinical outcome in both ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Cadmium accumulation and antioxidative responses in the Sesbania drummondii callus.

The effect of cadmium (Cd) on growth, accumulation, and antioxidative response was studied in Sesbania drummondii callus, cultivated on different concentrations of Cd (0–250 μM) for four weeks. Callus growth was comparable to that of the control for concentrations up to 50 μM Cd; however, concentrations higher than 50 μM affected growth. A concentration of 100 μM Cd inhibited growth by 16%, with respect to control. Cd concentration in callus increased with increasing Cd concentrations in the growth medium. Callus accumulated 530 mg Cd kg−1 of their dry weight at 100 μM Cd concentration. Sesbania callus responded to Cd-induced oxidative stress by modulating antioxidants (glutathione and other non-protein thiols) level and antioxidative enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR). The content of the glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG ratio first increased up to a concentration of 50 μM Cd and then decreased. The content of other non-protein thiols significantly increased with increasing Cd concentrations in the growth medium. The activities of antioxidative enzymes, SOD, APX, and GR, followed the same trends as antioxidants first increasing up to a concentration of 50 μM Cd and then decreasing. These results suggest that antioxidative defense mechanisms play a significant role in Cd detoxification and accumulation in Sesbania drummondii.
Spatial variation of anthropometric traits in Ireland

To further elucidate the relationship between geography and genetics in Ireland, we considered variation in anthropometric traits of adult males by town using spatial autocorrelation methods. By describing and distinguishing significant patterns of anthropometric variation, we determined whether the anthropometric traits display a simple pattern of spatial variation, as predicted by the isolation by distance model, or other patterns of spatial variation. Several hypotheses were examined, including (1) whether there was spatial patterning of 20 anthropometric phenotypic distributions and 7 principal components of Irish males and (2) if there was, whether these phenotypic distributions could be explained by a simple isolation by distance model. The results of this study can be summarized by several key findings: (1) There is significant spatial patterning among towns, as detected in correlograms of 14 anthropometric traits and 2 principal component factor scores (values of Moran's I ranging from 0.7510 to -0.3616, p < or = 0.0071); (2) 4 spatial patterns were detected, including clinical patterns, long-distance differentiation, distance distinction, and regional patchiness. These results suggest several likely causes of the observed spatial patterns. First, in Ireland patterns of anthropometric variation could not be explained by a single spatial pattern (i.e., isolation by distance). Second, through an examination of the various combinations of statistical homogeneity or heterogeneity, spatial patterning or nonpatterning, and similarity or dissimilarity of spatial patterns, we conclude that several migrational events structured the genetic landscape of Ireland.
An Optimization Model for IO Jitter in Device-Level RTOS

In order to reduce the influence of the jitter of hard real-time task caused by scheduling to the stability and reliability of device-level operation system, a model with preemption segment threshold-RJPS is presented. According to the effect on jitter and latency brought by threshold and the analysis of the scheduling on this model, two minimum threshold assigned algorithms are designed. One of them is used for fixed-priority scheduling, and the other is for dynamic-priority scheduling. To test the performance of the threshold segmentation scheduling model, a simulation experiment is carried on. After comparing the simulation results with other three strategies which can reduce the IO jitter from many angles, it is found that the threshold segmentation scheduling model can effectively reduce the IO jitter of tasks caused by scheduler in the typical scheduling algorithm.
A multi-objective superstructure optimization approach to biofeedstocks-to-biofuels systems design

This paper describes a biofeedstock-to-biofuel superstructure (BBSS) and a multi-objective optimization scheme to suggest processing paths for a given biofeedstock. The BBSS uses feedstock compositional data to estimate the mass balance for each of the seventeen production paths in the four categories of transesterification to biodiesel, hydrolysis fermentation to ethanol, gasification to syngas, fast pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading to liquid hydrocarbons, and anaerobic digestion to biogas. An ideal biofuel production process would have low cost, low carbon emissions, and high energy recovery from the feedstock. These three objectives are used in a multi-objective network flow optimization of the BBSS. In order to make biofuels feasible, no part of an energy crop/plant should go to waste, so the optimization assigns a combination of processes to treat different fractions of the feedstock. The results of the optimization for three representative biofeedstocks, rapeseeds, corn, and switchgrass, are discussed in detail with emphasis on how the importance assigned to a given objective impacts the optimal solution. Optimization results indicate that switchgrass should be treated with gasification or anaerobic digestion rather than ethanol fermentation. Rapeseed should be processed using transesterification though the results were too sensitive to make a distinction between different transesterification methods. Results for corn grain confirm that fermentation is probably the best processing method and suggest using anaerobic digestion as treatment for the non-starch fraction.
The Effects of Imaginal and Verbal Strategies on Prose Comprehension by Adults

Adult subjects were given concrete and abstract textbook passages to study by using either an imaginai or verbal strategy. Two days later, they were given a multiple-choice test and a production test of comprehension. The verbal strategy pro- duced better comprehension than the imaginai strategy; concrete passages were com- prehended better than abstract passages, but only according to the production test; and strategy and concreteness did not interact. Differences between these results and results obtained in imagery research on word lists are discussed, and caution is advis- ed before generalizing the word research to meaningful prose learning by adults. The effectiveness of imagery for facilitating recall of word lists has been amply documented (e.g., Paivio, 1969, 1971). In general, concrete words are remembered .better than abstract, and when subjects are instructed to use imagery as a mnemonic strategy, they often remember more words than when they use other strategies, especially rote repetition. Moreover, these effects of concreteness and strategy have been shown to interact. Paivio and Foth (1970) showed that for concrete words, an imaginai strategy produces better recall than a verbal mediational strategy, whereas for abstract words, the verbal strategy is better than the imaginai. This interaction is important theoretically because it provides support for distinguishing between an im- aginai system of representatio n specialized for concrete materials and a verbal system specialized for abstract materials—a distinction compatible with Paivio's dual-coding view of memory (e.g., Kieras, 1978; Paivio, 1971). The dual-coding view has been questioned, however, and it has been contrasted with the view that all of long-term memory can be represented in terms of abstract propositions. The logic of these views has been explored in a number of recent discussions (Anderson, 1978; Kieras, 1978; Kosslyn & Pomerantz, 1977; Paivio, 1974; Pylyshyn, 1973).
Family background, cognitive ability, and personality as predictors of educational and occupational attainment

Abstract The addition of personality measures to measures of family background and of cognitive ability substantially increased prediction of the educational attainment of middle‐aged males and females. The addition of personality measures to measures of family background, cognitive ability, and own educational attainment substantially increased the prediction of the occupational attainment of middle‐aged males. Despite some differences, results generally were similar across sexes and ethnic groups.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous iron sucrose in restless legs syndrome

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to ascertain whether high-dose intravenous (IV) iron sucrose could improve symptoms and change brain iron concentrations in idiopathic RLS. Methods The study was a randomized, parallel-group double-blind study of 1000 mg iron sucrose given IV versus placebo. Primary measures of the clinical status were global rating scale (GRS) and periodic leg movements of sleep (PLMS). Primary measures of brain iron status were CSF ferritin and MRI-determined iron in the substantia nigra. Results At the time of the interim analysis there were 7 placebo and 11 iron-treated subjects. At 2-weeks post-treatment, iron treatment resulted in a small but significant increase in CSF ferritin and a decrease in RLS severity (GRS) but did not change PLMS or MRI iron index. None of the secondary outcomes changed with treatment. There was no single case of clear treatment benefit in any of the patients. This interim analysis revealed an effect size that was too small to allow for adequate power to find significant differences with the planed 36-subject enrollment for either the primary objective outcome of PLMS or any of the secondary outcomes. The study was stopped at this planned break-point given the lack of both adequate power and any indication for clinically significant benefit. Conclusions High-dose IV iron failed to demonstrate the robust changes reported in three prior open-label studies. Differences in iron formulation, dosing regiment, and peripheral iron status may explain some of the discrepancies between this and previous IV iron treatment studies.
Phosphorylation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21Cip1/WAF1 by Pim-1 kinase

The serine/threonine kinase, Pim-1, appears to be involved in regulating proliferation, differentiation and cell survival of lymphoid and myeloid cells. In this study, we have found that amino acid residues 140-147 (RKRRQTSM) at the C-terminal end of p21(Cip1/WAF1), a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, constitute an ideal phosphorylation consensus sequence for Pim-1. We demonstrate that Pim-1 efficiently phosphorylates this peptide sequence as well as the p21 protein in vitro. We also demonstrate by pull-down assay and by immunoprecipitation that Pim-1 associates with p21. During phorbol ester-induced differentiation of U937 cells, both Pim-1 and p21 expression levels increase with Pim-1 levels increasing in both the nucleus and cytoplasm while p21 remains primarily cytoplasmic. Co-transfection of wild type p21 with wild type Pim-1 results in cytoplasmic localization of p21 while co-transfection of wild type p21 with kinase dead Pim-1 results in nuclear localization of p21. Consistent with the results from the phosphoamino acid assay, Pim-1 phosphorylates transfected p21 only on Thr(145) in p21-deficient human fibroblasts and this phosphorylation event results in the cytoplasmic localization of p21. These findings demonstrate that Pim-1 associates with and phosphorylates p21 in vivo, which influences the subcellular localization of p21.
Owner Tenancy as Credible Commitment under Uncertainty

How do landlords provide credible signals to tenants that they will maintainthe building when the needed upkeep over the contract period is uncertain at the time that rental decisions are made? In this paper, we develop a model of credible commitment under uncertainty wherein owner tenancy serves as the commitment signal to the market. In comparing completely tenant-occupied (absentee landlord) to partially owner-occupied buildings, the model predicts that in the latter case, the equilibrium rent is higher. We test this prediction using rental data for a sample of office buildings, some of which are completely tenant-occupied while others are partially owner-occupied. The results indicate that, as predicted by the model, rents are significantly higher when landlords can signal a commitment to high-performance standards. Copyright American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association.
A Turning Point for Planning Theory?: Overcoming Dividing Discourses

After communicative planning theory (CPT) emerged in the 1980’s, challenging assumptions and prevailing theories of planning, debates ensued among planning theorists that led to apparently opposing groups with little space for mutual learning. The most difficult obstacle is that critiques of CPT framed several dichotomies making different perspectives appear incompatible. This article seeks to advance the dialogue of planning theory perspectives by acknowledging the key tensions embedded in this framing, but arguing that they can be viewed as reflecting contradictions to be embraced as an opportunity for a more robust planning theory. Drawing on Manuel Castells’ (2009) theory of communication power the article explores four of these contradictions and shows how in each case embracing the contradictions as aspects of our complex world can lead to insights and a richer planning theory. The article concludes with suggestions for improved dialogue among theorists and identifies research that can advance our understanding of communication power.
Temperature measurement in a single patterned gold nanorod cluster using laser-induced fluorescence

The ability of photon to thermal conversion on wet chemically synthesized gold nanorods (GNRs) is a unique advantage to explore specific local heating. In this study, we demonstrate the thermal response of a single patterned GNR cluster in aqueous solution under near infrared irradiation. To improve the properties of GNRs, such as solubility, we describe the initiated chemical vapor deposition method by the interaction of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). A laser-induced fluorescence technique was utilized as a potential and non-intrusive way to measure the temperature field in and around the highly localized GNR cluster. The correlation between fluorescence intensities and temperature was investigated with two dyes by controlling the near infrared laser intensities to heat up the GNRs. Using this technique, we observed highly localized temperature rise in the GNR cluster and heat transfer to the surrounding medium during the laser irradiation.
Web Enabled Service Implementation - Telephone Directory Prototype

Software development using the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) model can be an effective commercial solution in regards to simplicity and flexibility. Using the XML format, specifically Web Services Description Language (WSDL), a single structure is used for all communication between the client and server software. This single communication method, then allows for platform and language independence between the client and the server applications. In this paper, we present an open source Service Oriented Architecture implementation. The reader will be presented with a prototype web service to use as a basis to provide performance testing results for this Service Oriented Architecture solution developed from open source tools.
Structure of the human gene (COX6A2) for the heart/muscle isoform of cytochrome c oxidase subunit via and its chromosomal location in humans, mice, and cattle

Abstract We have mapped the gene for the heart/muscle isoform of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit VIa in three mammalian species and isolated the humanCOX6AHgene (HGMW-approved symbolCOX6A2). The bovine gene was mapped by somatic cell hybrid mapping panels to bovine chromosome BTA 25 with 94–95% concordance. The mouse gene (Cox6ah) was mapped using an interspecific backcross panel from the cross (C57BL/6J ×Mus spretus)F1× Mus spretusprobed with the mouse COX VIa-H cDNA.Cox6ahwas located on distal chromosome 7, betweenD7Mit8andD7Mit13.From the regions of known gene conservation among these three species, we predicted that humanCOX6AHwould be located on chromosome 16p. We hybridized a human × rodent mapping panel of somatic cell hybrids with the human cDNA to confirm this assignment. These data taken together indicated that the humanCOX6AHgene is located on the short arm of chromosome 16 and facilitated the isolation of the human gene from a chromosome 16-enriched library. The humanCOX6AHgene spans about 1 kb and contains three exons and two small introns. The sequences of the proximal 5′ flanking regions ofCOX6AHgenes are highly conserved between human, bovine, and rodent.
Parsing the public domain

This article explores the use of the term public domain in the American context and finds that the symbol is subject to multiple meanings. Using historical and content analysis, the analysis explores the various uses of the term and provides a preliminary taxonomy for subsequent analysis and theory building. In conclusion, it suggests that more coherent information policies regarding national and international information access, creativity, governance, and private property rights will require a better understanding and delineation of the use of public domain in legislative and common practice.
Role of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide in Gastric Motility Function: Animal and Human Studies

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of gastroparesis. Gastroparesis is a state of partial gastric paralysis where gastric emptying is delayed due to slower or faster gastric motility. Over the years, many other distinct causes of gastroparesis have emerged, including collagen-related vascular diseases and Parkinson’s disease. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, or CGRP, a potent smooth muscle relaxant, is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide found in the gastrointestinal system that has been shown to slow gastric emptying in healthy rodents. Regulation of its synthesis and release from neurons is achieved in part by activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1). Regulation of its function is achieved by binding to its own receptor, a complex of the Calcitonin Receptorlike Receptor (CRLR) and Receptor Activity Modifying Protein 1 (RAMP1). In the gastrointestinal system, CGRP regulates the release of somatostatin, also known as Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone, or GHIH. Somatostatin functions to inhibit the release of gastric acid thus, demonstrating a possible indirect role of CGRP in the pathogenesis of gastroparesis. Cells present in the gastrointestinal system include mucosal cells, submucosal cells, myenteric neuronal cells, and others. CGRP is localized in the gastric mucosa and the myenteric plexus. The neurons present in the enteric or myenteric nervous system play a vital role in gastric motility functions. CGRP is released from the inhibitory neurons in the enteric or myenteric nervous system. Both serum and gastric CGRP have been found to be decreased in diabetes, but it is not known whether these decreases play a role in the pathogenesis of gastroparesis in diabetic/idiopathic patients. The present review provides information about CGRP, its functions, and its possible roles in gastroparesis. The findings presented can be a great asset to the medical community in directing future research for possible causes and developing treatments for gastroparesis.
Formation of Polymer–Ionic Liquid Gels Using Vapor Phase Precursors

We studied a new method for preparing polymer–ionic liquid (IL) gels via deposition of vapor phase precursors onto thin layers of IL. The solubility of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate enabled polymerization at both the IL–vapor interface and within the IL layer. We observed a transition from a viscous liquid to a gel with increasing polymer concentration. At short deposition times, there were two distinct molecular weights reflecting polymerization at the IL–vapor interface and within the IL layer, while at longer deposition times the molecular weight distribution within the IL layer broadened. The polymer chains within the IL were orders of magnitude larger than the polymer chains at the IL–vapor interface, and increasing the reactor pressure was shown to increase the molecular weight. Our ability to form high molecular weight polymer chains allows for the formation of gels for utilization as fuel-cell membranes and thin-film transistors.
Defending dissensus: participatory governance and the politics of water measurement in Montana’s Yellowstone River Basin

ABSTRACTThe role of a particular aspect of collaboration, dissensus, in stimulating critical reconsideration of ‘prior appropriation’, a historically hegemonic condition related to water rights in the western United States, is examined via a collaborative planning effort in Montana. Consensual support for a water-use measuring proposal was undermined by strong libertarian resistance to governmental regulation, and an unwavering embrace of the status quo. However, based on insights from scholars engaged in the ‘post-political’ dimensions of contemporary forms of rule – dissensus – understood as the manifestation of consensus-forestalling disagreement articulated between oppositional voices – is revealed as a condition to be actively nurtured, rather than purged. This case reveals how dissensus can open discursive spaces for hegemony-disrupting modes of inquiry, alternative perspectives, and innovative possibilities, even among sanctioned participant voices operating within otherwise established, depolitici...
Optimization of a Distributed Small Scale Biodiesel Production System in Greater London

Abstract In this paper, we explore the economic feasibility of a distributed network of biodiesel production facilities installed in Greater London area of the UK, in order to take advantage of the availability of waste cooking oil, concentrated demand for biodiesel and economies of “mass” produced capital equipment. The biodiesel facility location problem was formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) with the objective to maximize system-wide net present value. Total capital investment was described as a function of installed capacity using a general piecewise linear function, allowing for the effect of capital cost reductions of mass produced capital to be addressed. This system of small scale distributed biodiesel production is shown to be economically feasible and could be seen as a possible step towards a more locally focused fuels and energy supply network.
A Novel Method of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Isolation with Resultant Increased Cell Yield.

Background:The authors have developed a novel protocol for isolating adipose-derived stem cells from human lipoaspirate. In this study, they compare their new method to a previously published standard protocol.Methods:Human adipose-derived stem cell isolation was performed using two methods to compa
Dielectric processes in heavy oils — III. Evidence for cooperative behavior among polar species

Dielectric spectroscopy was used as a technique for charting the course of the nature and/or number density of polar molecules resulting from physical or chemical changes in heavy hydrocarbon fluids. This effort was based on the use of an oscillating electric field to impose a time-varying macroscopic polarization on a system by attempting to force the alignment of the permanent dipoles associated with the molecules under investigation. The real part of the dielectric permittivity e' is proportional to the nature (i.e., physical size) and number density of the permanent dipoles responding in the system. Theoretical and experimental aspects of the technique are well understood in the case of simple molecules (1).
Effects of Enhanced Physical Activity on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging in PEPCK-Cmus Transgenic Mice

Abstract 1297 Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are self-renewing multipotent precursor cells that give rise to all blood cell lineages. As HSCs age, expansion of the pool of HSCs and abnormal production of blood cells occur, resulting in a loss of immune function and an increased incidence of myeloid leukemia. Exercise has been associated with an extended lifespan, yet the connection between HSC fitness and enhanced physical exercise is currently unclear. Transgenic mice that over-express the gene for the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) in their skeletal muscle (PEPCK-C mus mice) have remarkable endurance, can run five to six kilometers at a speed of 20 meters per minute without stopping, and have a markedly longer lifespan. We thus determined the effects of enhanced physical activity on HSC aging by measuring the pool size and functional ability of HSCs in both aged PEPCK-C mus transgenic and control mice. Cell surface immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis were performed to determine the total quantity of HSCs within the bone marrow cell population of both groups of animals. Preliminary studies showed that age-associated expansion of the HSC pool was absent in PEPCK-C mus mice. However, the efficiency of HSCs to produce B lymphoid progenitors in PEPCK-C mus mice was surprisingly 11-fold higher than that in control mice while the age-associated skewness of HSC differentiation toward the myeloid lineage was diminished in PEPCK-C mus mice. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), known to be associated with aging when at high levels, were lower in the HSCs of PEPCK-C mus mice than was noted in the HSCs of control animals. Together, these preliminary data imply that the functional capacity of HSCs is maintained in old PEPCK-C mus mice when compared to that of the HSCs in control animals of the same age. This suggests that enhanced physical activity may slow HSC aging, possibly attributed in part to decreased ROS levels. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Low ADAMTS13 Activity in Clinical Remission Predicts the Risk of TTP Relapses.

Abstract Idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a devastating disorder characterized by frequent recurrences. A predictive biomarker that allows for the early identification and intervention prior to the overt relapse of disease is needed. In the present study, the assay for ADAMTS13 activity was modified to adequately detect ADAMTS13 activity as low as 0.5%. Serial samples (n=157) collected from 24 TTP patients during periods of sustained clinical remission were then studied. These patients were followed up quarterly for an average of 23 months, during which time 9 episodes of TTP relapses from 6 patients occurred. We measured ADAMTS13 activity in these samples and then employed logistic regression modeling to evaluate the relationship between ADAMTS13 activity levels and the risk of TTP relapses. Our data demonstrated that lower ADAMTS13 activity and younger age are significantly associated with a higher probability of relapse in the 3 months following the date the specimens were taken. In contrast, ADAMTS13 antibody IgG levels are not predictive of TTP relapses. Identification of low ADAMTS13 activity during remission as a key risk factor for TTP relapses provides a new screening strategy to identify patients who may benefit from prophylactic therapy prior to disease relapses.