cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reading the entrails: A journey in horse pathology

at the biannual Mary Passenger Memorial Lecture, held at Spindletop Hall at the University of Kentucky in June of ! this year. Mary Passenger was a veterinarian in the employ of Hagyard, Davidson, McGee when she died of injuries inflicted by a horse. It is believed that Dr. Passenger was the first female equine practitioner in the Lexington area. Gifts and endowments by friends, relatives and Hagyard, Davidson, McGee fund the Lecture series which is presented to faculty and staff of the University and area veterinary practitioners. Lecturers are invited to speak on topical subjects relating to the horse.
Micropatterning of Polymer Thin Films with pH-Sensitive and Cross-linkable Hydrogen-Bonded Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

Polyelectrolyte multilayers of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) were prepared via hydrogen-bonding interactions. These multilayers as assembled were stable at low pH but dissolved quickly in neutral pH water. We developed methods for stabilizing these multilayers to high pH through cross-linking by heating or UV-irradiation. Thermal treatment of the multilayers, which resulted in a partial imidization between carboxylic acid and amide groups, gave the multilayer good stability at high pH. In addition, we introduced photoreactive groups in the multilayer, which rendered the film insoluble after UV irradiation. Using these selective stabilization approaches, we have succeeded in micropatterning these films by ink-jet printing and photolithography to create subtractive patterns.
Small and medium-size enterprises: Access to finance as a growth constraint

Abstract This paper presents recent research on access to finance by small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). SMEs form a large part of private sector in many developed and developing countries. While cross-country research sheds doubt on a causal link between SMEs and economic development, there is substantial evidence that small firms face larger growth constraints and have less access to formal sources of external finance, potentially explaining the lack of SMEs’ contribution to growth. Financial and institutional development helps alleviate SMEs’ growth constraints and increase their access to external finance and thus levels the playing field between firms of different sizes. Specific financing tools such as leasing and factoring can be useful in facilitating greater access to finance even in the absence of well-developed institutions, as can systems of credit information sharing and a more competitive banking structure.
The Structure of Free Vertical Shear Layers in a Rotating Fluid and the Motion Produced by a Slowly Rising Body

This paper considers axial motion in a rapidly rotating fluid of small viscosity. It is shown that solutions for the structure of vertical free shear layers must be allowed to be singular at the points where they receive fluid from a rising or spinning axisymmetric body. The possible types of singularities are elucidated by the use of similarity solutions and an hypothesis is introduced to limit their strength. Three particular cases of axially bounded motion are considered in detail; the split disk, the rising disk and the rising sphere. The hypothesis is shown to lead to a unique solution for the Stewartson layers. For the rising body, a Wiener-Hopf problem, which is independent of the body shape, must be solved for the central part of the Stewartson layers.
The structural, social, and strategic factors associated with successful business networks

Business networks, formal arrangements between independent businesses established to enhance member success, are generally accepted as an important strategy to help small businesses survive and prosper, and to promote regional economic development. However, knowledge about what contributes to the success of business networks themselves is less extensive and based primarily on case studies or reports of network directors. The purpose of this paper is to partially address this shortcoming. We consider the structural and social features identified in previous studies as likely correlates of business network success. Using a social constructionist definition of network success, we distinguish successful from less successful networks from among a sample of 29 industry and community business networks in the USA. Findings from interviews with 1122 members and 29 network leaders suggest that trust is central to understanding network success. Structural features have complex positive and negative indirect effects ...
Hume on qualities

There is another division of our perceptions, which it will be convenient to observe, and which extends itself both to our impressions and ideas. This division is into SIMPLE and COMPLEX. Simple perceptions or impressions and ideas are such as admit of no distinction nor separation. The complex are the contrary to these, and may be distinguished into parts. Tho' a particular colour, taste, and smell are qualities all united together in this apple, 'tis easy to perceive they are not the same, but are at least distinguishable from each other. (T 2)
Communication deficits in infants and toddlers with developmental disabilities.

Abstract Research that focuses on detecting and assessing the presence of communication impairments in children with developmental disabilities exists. However, more research is needed which compares these deficits across individuals with various developmental disabilities. This information could inform the assessment process and treatment programs. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine communication deficits in toddlers who were diagnosed with Down syndrome, Cerebral Palsy (CP), had a history of seizures or a seizure disorder, and who were born premature. A total of 140 toddlers 17–35 months of age met inclusion criteria for the study. Those diagnosed with CP evinced significantly fewer communication impairments on the Baby and Infant Screen for aUtIsm Traits-Part 1 ( BISCUIT-Part 1 ) than children with Down syndrome and children with a history of seizures or seizure disorder. No significant differences were found on the communication subscale for the comparison of those with CP and those born prematurely. Children diagnosed with CP had fewer endorsements, indicating less impairment, on all six items of the Communication subscale of the BISCUIT-Part 1 when compared to the three other diagnostic groups. Implications of these results are discussed for children with differing handicaps.
Modules over dedekind-like rings

Abstract All finitely generated modules are described over a class of rings that includes the integral group ring ZGn of the cyclic group of square-free order n, some rings of algebraic integers that are not integrally closed in their field of quotients, and many subrings of Z ⊕ Z ⊕ … ⊕ Z. Special attention is paid to behavior of these modules in direct sums.
Postpartum onset of panic disorder.

Purpose: To describe the experience of panic disorder in mothers during the postpartum period. The onset of panic disorder during the postpartum period has recently been reported. Clinicians are urged to differentiate between the more widely known presentation of postpartum depression and the newly reported postpartum panic disorder. Design: Phenomenology. The purposive sample consisted of six women with panic disorder during the postpartum period. Methods: In 1995, mothers were interviewed regarding their experiences with panic. The verbatim transcripts of these interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. In all, 214 statements regarding mothers' experiences of panic were extracted and clustered into six themes. Findings: Panic- during the postpartum period seriously comlicated mothers' lives as they struggled to maintain their composure during panic attacks. As a result of recurring panic attacks, negative changes in women's lifestyles ensued stripping them of their self-esteem and leaving them to bear the burden of disappointing not only themselves, but also their families. Clinical Implications: Implications for nursing practice with mothers suffering from postpartum onset of panic disorder can be derived from each one of the six themes. Nurses can help women identify panic triggers to help prevent further panic attacks. Also, nursing interventions can target the guilt mothers experience over repeatedly dissapointing themselves and their families.
THE FUTURE OF FEMINIST THEOLOGY IN THE ACADEMY

The title given this talk, "Theology and Feminism, A Future Together," is somewhat misleading. It seems to suppose that there is one fixed thought-world called "theology" and another called "feminism" and one can then ask whether they have a future together. Theology is seen as something which can be defined without reference to feminism and vice versa. But any theology which can be defined without reference to feminism is a particular kind of theology, namely, patriarchal theology. Patriarchal theology is the kind of theology we have had in the past, a theology defined not only without the participation of women, but to exclude the participation of women. What is emerging today is a feminist critique of patriarchal theology, or feminist theology. To ask whether patriarchal and feminist theology have a future together is, to say the least, grotesque; a bit like asking whether Judaism and anti-semitism have a future together or whether racist and Black theology have a future together. The question is not whether they have a future together, but which will prevail. Will feminist theology succeed in sufficiently transforming the definition of theology, as taught in the seminaries and preached in the churches; will we no longer have patriarchal theology, but an inclusive theology, a theology that affirms the full humanity of women and men and their mutuality with each other? Or will patriarchal theology succeed in confining feminist theology to the margins of the theological enterprise, ridiculing, vilifying, and finally silencing it so that the next generation of theological students will no longer even be able to raise the questions because they will be told that these questions are non-questions, questions already ruled out-of-bounds by the guardians of theological "orthodoxy"?
Control over Microporosity of Ordered Microporous−Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 Framework under Microwave-Hydrothermal Conditions: Effect of Salt Addition

The crystallization of ordered microporous−mesoporous silica, SBA-15, has been investigated in the presence of an ionic salt, such as sodium chloride, under microwave-hydrothermal conditions. The crystallization was performed by templating a silica precursor (tetraethyl orthosilicate or sodium silicate) with pluronic123 copolymer (EO20PO70EO20; MW 5800) with varied amounts of salt content at 373 K. The crystallized samples were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption−desorption measurements at 77 K. The textural properties of the SBA-15 samples, such as pore volume, pore size, and specific surface area, were found to decrease with an increase in salt concentration. Furthermore, the microporosity of the crystallized samples was found to be a function of the added salt concentration, that is, micropore volume has been found to decrease with an increase in salt concentration. Interestingly, SBA-15 samples crystallized in the presenc...
Evaluation of a Fresh Fruit Distribution Program in an Ethnically Diverse San Francisco High School

Objectives. We evaluated the effects of a Department of Education Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) on food consumption habits in an inner-city, San Francisco high school. Methods. One intervention high school received a California state grant from the Department of Education to distribute fruit biweekly from fall 2008 to spring 2010 and coordinate associated nutrition education. Students completed 1793 surveys at the intervention school and 778 surveys at a comparison school that assessed fruit, vegetable, fast food and soda consumption habits. Pearson's chi-squared tests were used to compare consumption of foods. Results. At the end of the intervention period, the percentage of students consuming soft drinks once or more per day was significantly lower in the intervention versus comparison school (3.1% versus 8.9%, 𝑃=0.01). Consumption of candy once or more per week was also lower in the intervention versus the comparison school in fall 2009 (55.7% versus 64.0%, 𝑃=0.01). No significant changes in fruit and vegetable consumption were observed in the intervention or comparison schools. Conclusions. Fruit distribution programs in high schools may decrease high school students' consumption of soft drinks and candy.
Anonymous, Steubenville, and the Politics of Visibility: Questions of Virality and Exposure in the Case of #OPRollRedRoll and #OccupySteubenville

Should visibility be an objective of digital feminist interventions? If it is true, as media scholar danah boyd (2014, 160) notes, that “[t]he internet may not have the power to reverse long-standi...
Staff support services: Room by the side of the road

Staff Support Services, as done at Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, uses the neutrality of the Department of Pastoral Services to meet the support needs of its staff. This model has evolved out of the concern of many departments to centralize and symbolize the availability of these various support services to hospital employees. Using a "shepherding model", Emory's Staff Support Services works both within and outside of the "room by he side of the road".
A review of the status of the Illinois mud turtle Kinosternon flavescens spooneri Smith

Abstract The Illinois mud turtle Kinosternon flavescens spooneri is a relict subspecies confined to remnant sand prairies in the North American Midwest. The main threats to the turtle include habitat alteration, primarily from agriculture, winter kill, lowered water tables, and genetic problems due to low population size. This paper reviews the status and biology of the sub-species and concludes that the Illinois mud turtle is biologically endangered and will remain so unless its habitat is preserved and managed over a long time period.
Ciliary sulcus Ahmed Glaucoma Valve tube placement in neovascular glaucoma.

Abstract A 61-year-old woman presented with severe ocular pain 3 months after cataract extraction with intraocular lens placement. After performing a thorough ophthalmic examination, it was determined that neovascular glaucoma was present. The patient underwent implantation of an Ahmed valve (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) with tube placement into the ciliary sulcus and received 1.25 mg of bevacizumab intracamerally. The patient's iris neovascularization resolved and the patient maintained stable intraocular pressures without any major complications 6 months after surgery. Tube placement of an Ahmed valve into the ciliary sulcus can be a viable alternative for the maintenance of appropriate intraocular pressures in patients whose anatomy precludes standard anterior chamber or pars plana tube placement.
The neurotoxic action of dieldrin and its derivatives in the cockroach

Abstract The effects of dieldrin and its metabolites and derivatives on the nervous function of the cockroach have been studied by means of electrophysiological techniques. In the cockroach poisoned with topical application of dieldrin to the abdomen, the synaptic transmission across the metathoracic ganglion was greatly prolonged, whereas the transmission across the last abdominal ganglion was not appreciably affected. When applied directly onto the exposed metathoracic ganglion, dieldrin exerted its effect in prolonging the synaptic after-discharge only after a long latency (about 60 min). Photodieldrin, photoaldrin and a transdiol-like compound (a metabolite) exerted the same effect more rapidly. Trans-dihydroxydihydroaldrin (aldrin-transdiol, another metabolite) was most rapid and potent in exerting the effect, and stimulated the synapse within 5 to 10 min after application. All of these compounds also stimulated the sensory neurons in the leg to produce repetitive trains of impulses, and the potency as expressed by the reciprocal of the latency was lowest in dieldrin and highest in aldrin-transdiol. The possibility of aldrin-transdiol as one of the active forms of dieldrin in the cockroach is discussed.
Listening: The Key to Problem Solving with Angry Parents

School personnel must often deal with parents who appear angry and irrational. Dismissing them as such is easy. Listening to them and working together to improve the situation is harder, but potentially more rewarding. Before striving to rectify conflicts, school personnel must understand the real, often unstated problem, from the parents' perspective. This article helps school personnel identify what to listen for, and how to use the information gathered in problem solving.
Expression of the human germinal center–associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein identifies a subset of classic Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center derivation and improved survival

The human germinal-center–associated lymphoma (HGAL) gene and its cognate protein are expressed in a germinal center (GC)–specific manner. Its expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) prompted us to address whether HGAL expression could distinguish biologically distinct subgroups of cHL. Tissue microarrays from 145 patients treated with curative intent showed HGAL staining in 75% and was closely correlated with MUM1/IRF4 (92%) expression. BCL6 (26%), CD10 (0%), BCL2 (31%), Blimp1 (0.02%), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (20%) showed no specific correlation; neither did phospho-STAT6, a key mediator of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling that induces HGAL and is implicated in cHL pathogenesis. In our study cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) correlated with young age (less than 45 years, P < .001), low stage (stage I and II, P = .04), and low International Prognostic Score (P = .002). In univariate analysis, HGAL expression was associated with improved OS (P = .01) and failure-free survival (FFS) (P = .05) but was not independent of other factors in multivariate analysis of OS or FFS. The expression of the GC-specific marker HGAL in a subset of cHL suggests that these cHLs retain characteristics of GC-derived lymphomas. The association with improved OS in univariate but not multivariate analysis suggests that HGAL expression is related to known clinical parameters of improved survival.
Drift reduction in predictive video transmission using a distributed source coded side-channel

Predictive video codecs such as MPEG and H.26x are very susceptible to prediction mismatch between encoder and decoder or "drift" when there are packet losses, leading to a significant reduction in the decoded quality. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce the drift in these codecs by sending extra information over a side-channel. Using principles from distributed source coding, we send another description of the video sequence (at a lower rate) over the side-channel which can correct for errors in the decoded frame and thereby mitigate the drift. Simulation results using our techniques show significant gains in performance over conventional error protection schemes such as Forward Error Correction codes under reasonable latency constraints.
Structural Dependence of the State on Capital

A central claim of both Marxist and neoclassical political theory is that under capitalism all governments must respect and protect the essential claims of those who own the productive wealth of society. This is the theory of “structural dependence of the state on capital.” Using a formal model, the internal logic and the robustness of the theory is examined. We conclude that in a static sense the theory is false: virtually any distribution of consumption between wage earners and owners of capital is compatible with continual private investment once an appropriate set of taxes and transfers is in place. Yet the state may be structurally dependent in a dynamic sense. Policies that, once in place, redistribute income without reducing investment do reduce investment during the period in which they are anticipated but not yet implemented.
Catalysis: triumph of a chemical underdog.

In the fable of the tortoise and the hare, the reptilian slowcoach beats its fleet-footed rival in a race. A zinc catalyst recreates this story by giving a less reactive chemical group a turn of speed over a rival group.
IGF-I and microglia/macrophage proliferation in the ischemic mouse brain

We have used a model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adult male C57BL/6 mice to study insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) expression in response to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (H/I) in the adult mouse. A period of 20 min of H/I that resulted in histopathology in cortex, striatum, and thalamus was correlated with induction of mRNA for IGF-I, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by 4 days of recovery. Increased IGF-I mRNA was located within damaged regions and was surrounded by IGFBP-2 mRNA expression. The results of combined immunostaining/in situ hybridzation showed that the cells expressing IGFBP-2 mRNA were also GFAP-positive and comprised a subset of activated astrocytes immediately surrounding areas of damage. In contrast, staining within damaged regions showed high numbers of cells immunopositive for F4/80 and lectin B(4) indicative of microglia and macrophages but no cells immunopositive for the astrocytic proteins GFAP or S-100beta. Microglia/macrophages within the damaged areas expressed IGF-I mRNA and were also immunopositive for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. To determine whether expression of IGF-I could contribute to proliferation of microglia, we treated purified cultures of adult brain microglia with IGF-I in the presence of (3)H-thymidine. IGF-I stimulated a twofold increase in DNA synthesis in cultures of adult brain microglia. Taken together with previous data demonstrating that IGF-I promotes proliferation of peripheral macrophages, these data support the hypothesis that IGF-I is an autocrine/paracrine mitogen for microglia/macrophages after H/I.
A framework for the experimental comparison of solar and skydome illumination

The illumination and appearance of the solar/skydome is critical for many applications in computer graphics, computer vision, and daylighting studies. Unfortunately, physically accurate measurements of this rapidly changing illumination source are difficult to achieve, but necessary for the development of accurate physically-based sky illumination models and comparison studies of existing simulation models.To obtain baseline data of this time-dependent anisotropic light source, we design a novel acquisition setup to simultaneously measure the comprehensive illumination properties. Our hardware design simultaneously acquires its spectral, spatial, and temporal information of the skydome. To achieve this goal, we use a custom built spectral radiance measurement scanner to measure the directional spectral radiance, a pyranometer to measure the irradiance of the entire hemisphere, and a camera to capture high-dynamic range imagery of the sky. The combination of these computer-controlled measurement devices provides a fast way to acquire accurate physical measurements of the solar/skydome. We use the results of our measurements to evaluate many of the strengths and weaknesses of several sun-sky simulation models. We also provide a measurement dataset of sky illumination data for various clear sky conditions and an interactive visualization tool for model comparison analysis available at http://www.graphics.cornell.edu/resources/clearsky/.
Surveillance colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease

Surveillance colonoscopy and systematic colonic biopsy in patients with ulcerative colitis of long duration appears to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer mortality. Patients with pan ulcerative colitis should undergo surveillance at one to 2 year intervals between 10 and 20 years of disease duration and annually thereafter. Biopsies should be taken from flat mucosa in all 4 colonic quadrants every 10 cm. Pseudopolyps need not be biopsied, but irregular mass legions and typical appearing adenomas should be biopsied or removed and the flat mucosa around them should be sampled separately. Sporadic tubular adenomas in older patients and adenomas proximal to the colitis do not mandate colectomy. High- or low-grade dysplasia in flat mucosa verified by an expert pathologist and dysplasia associated lesion or mass (DALM) are indications for colectomy. Patients should understand that surveillance colonoscopy in ulcerative colitis is not fully protective in preventing colorectal cancer mortality.
Rit promotes MEK-independent neurite branching in human neuroblastoma cells

Rit, by sequence homology, is a member of the Ras subfamily of small guanine triphosphatases (GTPases). In PC6 cells, Rit signals through pathways both common to and different from those activated by Ras to promote cell survival and neurite outgrowth. However, the specific morphological changes induced by Rit in human cells are not known. Here, we show in a human neuronal model that Rit increases neurite outgrowth and branching through MEK-dependent and MEK-independent signaling mechanisms, respectively. Adenoviral expression of wild-type or constitutively active Rit increased neurite initiation, elongation and branching on endogenous matrix or a purified laminin-1 substratum of SH-SY5Y cells as assessed using image analysis. This outgrowth was morphologically distinct from that promoted by constitutively active Ras or Raf (evidenced by increased branching and elongation). Constitutively active Rit increased phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, but not Akt, and the MEK inhibitor PD 098059 blocked constitutively active Rit-induced neurite initiation but not elongation or branching. These results suggest that Rit plays a key role in human neuronal development and regeneration through activating both known and as yet undefined signaling pathways.
The potential role of ILS schools in educating medical informationists1

Medical informationists can make significant contributions to the intersection of medicine and information and library science. Based on input from approximately 50 medical informationists, a checklist of needed knowledge/skills was compiled. The curricula of 19 schools of information and library science (ILS) were then evaluated, in terms of their coverage of the required knowledge/skills. Course offerings on topics related to technology and information content were abundant, while coverage of topics related to users/people, communication and interpersonal skills, and intellectual outlook/personal attributes was spotty. Based on this analysis, the potential of ILS schools to educate medical informationists is discussed.
The effects of fractionated doses of fast neutrons or photons on the canine brain: evaluation by computerized tomography and evoked response recording.

Abstract The use of fast neutrons in the treatment of cancer necessitates a knowledge of the normal tissue responses. This study was designed to compare the late effects of fractionated doses of fast neutrons with fractionated doses of photons on canine brains by evoked response recording and viewing computerized tomograms (CT). Adult male beagles were irradiated to the entire brain (four fractions per week) with fast neutrons to total doses of 13.33 Gy (1333 rad), 20 Gy (2000 rad), 30 Gy (3000 rad) or 45 Gy (4500 rad) or with photons (four fractions per week) to total doses of 40 Gy (4000 rad), 60 Gy (6000 rad) or 90 Gy (9000 rad). A relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 4 was obtained for normal brain tissue assessed by mortality and onset of neurologic symptoms. Every three months post-irradiation, visual and sensory evoked responses were recorded. Changes over time appeared to be minimal; however, computerized tomographs showed marked brain shrinkage. A method of quantitating cerebrospinal fluid and parenchyma) volumes from scans is described and future use of these CT ratios to generate dose response curves and RBE values is postulated.
Oblique slip and the geometry of normal-fault linkage: mechanics and a case study from the Basin and Range in Oregon

Abstract Map patterns of normal fault linkages near Summer Lake, Oregon, show a systematic relationship between echelon step-sense, oblique-slip sense, and the position of linking faults. Where the step sense is the same as the sense of oblique slip (e.g. left step and left-oblique slip), the faults are linked in the lower part of their relay ramp. Where the step-sense and slip-sense are opposite (e.g. left-step and right-oblique slip), the faults are linked in the upper part of the ramp. A boundary-element code is used to calculate the stress field around echelon normal faults during oblique slip, and the model results reveal a relationship similar to the field observations. If step sense and oblique-slip sense are the same, there is a greater potential for deformation ahead of the tip of the front fault and in the lower part of the ramp. If step sense and oblique-slip sense are opposite, there is a greater potential for deformation ahead of the tip of the rear fault and in the upper part of the ramp. The field-model comparison confirms that oblique slip modifies the mechanical interaction among fault segments and thus influences fault growth and the geometry of fault linkage.
Global stability of solutions of nonstationary monotone differential equations with impulsive action in the pseudolinear form

We consider a generalization of the principle of comparison for pseudolinear differential equations with impulsive perturbations in a Banach space. On the basis of these results, we establish the conditions for the global stability in a cone of the trivial solution for the analyzed class of equations. The obtained results are used for the investigation of stability in the Takagi–Sugeno models.
Recurrent Life-Threatening Deep Tissue Hematomas After Switching to Generic Enoxaparin: A Report and Perspective on the Approval Process for Biological Compounds:

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has allowed makers of biologic therapies to use the abbreviated new drug application, which does not require safety and efficacy studies. Instead this relies on proving equivalency with the original compound and demonstrating in vitro activity and similar pharmacodynamics. In the United States, a low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, was recently approved in a generic format through the abbreviated new drug application. We present a patient treated with branded enoxaparin for 4 years with no complications. After the switch to the generic enoxaparin, the patient developed 2 life-threatening hemorrhages within 4 months of the initiation of the compound. This case suggests that the FDA should follow the European Medicine Administration (EMA) guidance by tightening its approval process for generic bioequivalents and requiring studies demonstrating similar safety and efficacy as the parent compound, prior to approval of a generic biologically active compound.
Friction drilling of cast metals

This study investigates the friction drilling process, a nontraditional hole-making technique, for cast metals. In friction drilling, a rotating conical tool is applied to penetrate work-material and create a bushing in a single step without generating chip. The cast aluminum and magnesium alloys, two materials studied, are brittle compared to the ductile metal workpiece material used in previous friction drilling research. The technical challenge is to generate a cylindrical shaped bushing without significant radial fracture or petal formation. Two ideas of pre-heating the workpiece and high speed friction drilling are proposed. Effects of workpiece temperature, spindle speed, and feed rate on experimentally measured thrust force, torque, and bushing shape were analyzed. The thrust force and torque decreased and the bushing shape was improved with increased workpiece temperature. Varying spindle speed shows mixed results in bushing formation of two different work-materials. The energy, average power, and peak power required for friction drilling were calculated and analyzed to demonstrate quantitatively the benefits of workpiece pre-heating and high spindle speed in friction drilling.
Giant cell reparative granuloma of the orbit.

PURPOSE: To report a case of giant cell reparative granuloma occurring in the orbit and to discuss its clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic characteristics in contrast with other similar lesions. METHODS: A 38-year-old man developed pain and mild proptosis of the left eye. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an intraosseous cystic orbital mass. Excisional biopsy disclosed giant cell reparative granuloma of the orbit. RESULT: At 11 months' follow-up, the patient had normal vision, with no tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Giant cell reparative granuloma of the orbit is a rare benign fibro-osseous proliferation that is generally seen in young adulthood. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital fibro-osseous proliferation. Surgical excision and curettage is the therapeutic method of choice.
Trust in the workplace: Factors affecting trust formation between team members

The authors used survey data from 127 professional-level employees working in 8 industries to assess the effects of respondent's trusting stance and (a) the trustee's organization membership (internal or external), (b) the hierarchical relationship (supervisor or peer), and (c) the gender of the trustee, on initial trust level for a new project team member. The authors found that trusting stance was positively related to initial trust level. The authors also found an interaction effect between respondent gender and trustee gender on initial trust. Specifically, male initial trust level was higher for a new male team member and lower for a new female team member. The present study provided additional understanding of the formation of initial trust levels and its importance for team functioning.
Methods for characterizing the mar resistance

Abstract In this paper, several methods—currently being discussed in the automotive and paint industry—to determine the mar (scratch) resistance of clearcoats are presented. Especially procedures that create a single scratch have recently been developed (micro- or nano-scratch method). These methods are different from more practically oriented procedures that are based on relatively simple methods to try to test or even come close to reality (e.g. car wash brush method). The methods were compared based on measurements of different clearcoats considering other physical parameters (micro-hardness, cross-linking density).
Building Reading Fluency in Elementary Science through Readers' Theatre.

Because of difficult academic vocabulary and ambiguous explanations of many concepts, science texts are hard for students to read and understand. To become skilled readers of content material, students need to learn the meanings of the academic science vocabulary. They must also be able to understand the concepts presented in the textbook. Readers' Theatre is a strategy that can assist students with the difficulty of the vocabulary and concepts and help them become fluent readers of science content material.
A Procedure for NEPA Assessment of Selenium Hazards Associated With Mining

This paper gives step-by-step instructions for assessing aquatic selenium hazards associated with mining. The procedure was developed to provide the U.S. Forest Service with a proactive capability for determining the risk of selenium pollution when it reviews mine permit applications in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The procedural framework is constructed in a decision-tree format in order to guide users through the various steps, provide a logical sequence for completing individual tasks, and identify key decision points. There are five major components designed to gather information on operational parameters of the proposed mine as well as key aspects of the physical, chemical, and biological environment surrounding it--geological assessment, mine operation assessment, hydrological assessment, biological assessment, and hazard assessment. Validation tests conducted at three mines where selenium pollution has occurred confirmed that the procedure will accurately predict ecological risks. In each case, it correctly identified and quantified selenium hazard, and indicated the steps needed to reduce this hazard to an acceptable level. By utilizing the procedure, NEPA workers can be confident in their ability to understand the risk of aquatic selenium pollution and take appropriate action. Although the procedure was developed for the Forest Service it should also be useful to other federal land management agencies that conduct NEPA assessments, as well as regulatory agencies responsible for issuing coal mining permits under the authority of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) and associated Section 401 water quality certification under the Clean Water Act. Mining companies will also benefit from the application of this procedure because priority selenium sources can be identified in relation to specific mine operating parameters. The procedure will reveal the point(s) at which there is a need to modify operating conditions to meet environmental quality goals. By recognizing concerns early in the NEPA process, it may be possible for a mining company to match operational parameters with environmental requirements, thereby increasing the likelihood that the permit application will be approved.
Multi-scale image compressed sensing with optimized transmission

Existing works in image compressed sensing (CS) often focus on improving the rate-distortion sensing performance but have less consideration of the effect of channel errors on the transmission of CS measurements. This paper explores how the transmission channel errors affect the PSNR performance of the quantized sensing measurements and then increases the resistance of the transmitted data to the noisy channel. We show that the multi-scale block based compressed sensing (MSBCS) using quantization with differential phase code modulation (DPCM), though achieves compression efficiency higher than the regular scalar quantization-based CS, is more vulnerable to channel errors. To improve the error resistance, a method of optimized energy allocation across bit-layers in quantized measurements is presented, which leads to a large PSNR performance improvement for CS data transmission in wireless environment.
Linearized-augmented-plane-wave method with Car-Parrinello scaling.

Results from a projector-basis implementation of the linearized-augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) method for calculating electronic structure are presented. The implementation employs projector-basis functions to couple the plane-wave and augmentation components of the wave function. The resulting method has the same favorable scaling with system size as plane-wave-based methods such as the Car-Parrinello method, but it retains the flexibility of the LAPW basis set. Total-energy calculations for Cu, O, and Mo are used to demonstrate the accuracy of the projector-basis scheme. In addition, timings for supercells containing up to 64 Mo atoms show that the computational efficiency of the method exceeds that of the conventional LAPW method for large systems.
Neuroimaging findings in children with Keutel syndrome

Keutel syndrome is a rare autosomal-recessive condition characterized by abnormal cartilage calcification. Neuroimaging findings associated with this condition have been randomly described in the literature. To systematically evaluate the neuroimaging findings in a series of children with Keutel syndrome to broaden our base of knowledge. Four children with confirmed Keutel syndrome were reviewed for the brain, head and neck imaging findings. Three of the four children, all siblings, showed evidence of moyamoya syndrome. All four siblings had pinna cartilage calcification. We propose that Keutel syndrome be considered and included among the secondary causes of moyamoya syndrome. In children with petrified auricle and neurological symptoms, Keutel syndrome should be considered and brain MRI with MRA is required.
The Influence of Humor Strength and Humor—Message Relatedness on Ad Memorability: A Dual Process Model

This research examines contingencies that shape the effects of humorous appeals on consumers' recall of ads, as well as the processes underlying such effects. Results of experimentation show that ads are more memorable when humor is both strong and related to the message, and this interaction is mediated by attention and mood. Stronger humor appeals also induce higher recall among individuals with a high "need for humor" (NFH).
Functional trajectory models for assessment of transplanted eelgrass,Zostera marina L., in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire

Functional trajectory models were used to assess the restoration of ecological functions in two transplanted eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) beds compared to three natural, reference beds in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire. Functional trajectory models describe the development of ecological functions over time in restored habitats relative to levels of function in natural habitats. We present the first application of trajectory models to transplanted seagrass and evaluate the utility of these models as a tool for assessing seagrass restoration. The project was an analysis of 9 yr of monitoring data, the longest monitoring of transplanted eelgrass to date. We used trajectory models to assess the time course of development of functions in transplanted beds by evaluating statistical trends, and to determine functional equivalence, defined as the time when functions in a transplanted bed reach an asymptote and are no more than 1 standard deviation below the reference mean. The functions modeled included primary production, 3-dimensional habitat structure, faunal use, and sediment filtering and trapping. Measured proxies for primary production and habitat structure increased logistically (sigmoidally) with time, reaching functional equivalence after 3 yr. In transplanted beds, trends in habitat use by infaunal invertebrates and fish were logarithmic, and values were functionally equivalent 2-4 yr after transplanting. We saw no trend in sediment filtering and trapping capacity of transplanted eelgrass over the 9 yr. Measures of function in both reference and transplanted beds fluctuated due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. After reaching equivalence, measures of function in transplanted beds tracked those in reference beds, exhibiting long-term persistence and rebounding from disturbances similarly to reference beds. Trajectory models can illustrate the time course of eelgrass bed development, aiding the design of monitoring programs and the evaluation of ecological functional equivalence in seagrass restoration projects.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON CERTAIN FEATURES OF EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS AND YAWS IN THE RABBIT

1. Lesions of the testicle and scrotum of the rabbit produced by the treponema of syphilis and of yaws afford material for the study of chemotherapy, of serum reactions, and of immunity. 2. On experimental and clinical grounds, it appears that yaws can be cured with a smaller dose of salvarsan than is necessary to cure syphilis. 3. The spirochaetae of syphilis do not become resistant after repeated treatments with salvarsan. 4. Sodium cacodylate has little effect on the treponema of either disease. 5. Mercury, in a single intravenous dose, has a spirillicidal effect, but the necessary dose usually causes the death of the animal later from nephritis. 6. Potassium iodid, in a single intravenous dose, has no spirillicidal effect. 7. The complement fixation reaction is closely correlated with the course of an infection, as is shown by its onset and its disappearance after castration or treatment. 8. Reinfection during the course of a testicular lesion does not occur, but it occurs after regression, treatment, or extirpation. 9. Specific differences between Treponema pallidum and Trepanema pertenue can be demonstrated in infected animals treated with salvarsan and reinoculated.
The Effects of Continuity of Care on the Missed Appointment Rate in a Prenatal Clinic

A study conducted in a busy prenatal clinic in an effort to prove that continuity of nursing care will decrease the missed appointment rate of prenatal patients is reported. While the missed appointment rate does not directly measure the quality of care, it may be a rough indicator of whether the needs of these patients are being met. In this instance, patients who saw the same nurse at each appointment missed fewer appointments than those who were seen by different nurses.
Semidefiniteness without real symmetry

Abstract Let A be an n-by-n matrix with real entries. We show that a necessary and sufficient condition for A to have positive semidefinite or negative semidefinite symmetric part H(A)= 1 2 (A+A T ) is that rank [H(A)X]⩽ rank [X T AX] for all X∈M n ( R ) . Further, if A has positive semidefinite or negative semidefinite symmetric part, and A 2 has positive semidefinite symmetric part, then rank [AX]= rank [X T AX] for all X∈M n ( R ) . This result implies the usual row and column inclusion property for positive semidefinite matrices. Finally, we show that if A,A 2 ,…,A k (k⩾2) all have positive semidefinite symmetric part, then rank [AX]= rank [X T AX]=⋯= rank [X T A k−1 X] for all X∈M n ( R ) .
Increased consistency and efficiency in routine potency testing by bioassay with direct use of cryopreserved (ready-to-plate) cells

The use of cells as a cryopreserved, readily available reagent has facilitated high-throughput screening of new drug candidates by bioassay. This practice is considerably less labor intensive and allows more flexibility in laboratory testing than traditional continuous cell culture. We have shown that this practice can be adapted to cell proliferation and reporter gene assay formats used in routine sample testing for determination of relative potency of commercial product in a Quality Control Laboratory. The ability to use the same, optimized population of cells provides consistency in an assay over time. Measures of assay performance to indicate maintenance of the validated state of a method and to determine benefit on variation in potency results were compared between cultured and cryopreserved (frozen ready-to-plate) cells. Control of the cellular component, which is the most variable aspect of most cell based potency assays, allowed detection of more minor contributors to variability. In a cell proliferation assay format, the final result was a highly precise bioassay (repeatability CV of 2%). An improvement in process capability (Cp) was noted when ready-to-plate cells were used in the studies completed over long periods of time.