cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age associated changes in gene expression in the human prostate

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 2541 The adult human prostate is a complex, hormone sensitive organ that undergoes significant transformations over a person’s lifetime. First, there is initiation of function and enlargement of the gland that begins at puberty and plateaus around age 25 yrs. Subsequently, beginning in the mid-forties, a poorly understood second transformation occurs, resulting either in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or cancer in most men over the age of 80. Gene expression shifts associated with normal, disease-free aging have not been previously characterized. Whole genome expression data were obtained for 19 donors using Affymetrix GeneChip® arrays. Samples were grouped by age into pubertal (13-19 yrs; n= 5) vs. post-pubertal (20-39 yrs; n=7) vs adult (> 40 yrs; n=7), and global gene expression differences were measured using the pooled variance t-test. Seven genes exhibited significant difference in expression levels using the pooled variance t-test, p 60 yrs of age.
Information Convergence: At the Boundaries of Access: Introduction

According to Lawrence Weschler, in Everything That Rises: A Book of Convergences, convergence is a process of the familiar arising in unexpected situations, what he refers to as "bizarre associations, eerie rhymes, whispered connections -sometimes in the weirdest places." Convergence in the area of information protection and access in the Digital Age includes Weschler's eerie resonances, particularly where convergence has caused previously unrelated areas, such as copyright and privacy, to share their domains, and, in consequence, their public policy spaces in new and untested ways. But information convergence is moving beyond cross- pollination. Instead, it is creating a radical change in how we think about information - its public nature, its ownership, even its access boundaries. From battles over the “innovative” nature of copyrighted software, to ownership fights over indigenous knowledge and patented medicines, present information convergence has become the critical linchpin in today’s concerns over the extent to which any type of information can or should be subjected to restricted access. Old boundaries that defined protectable "property" rights in terms of the originality or novelty of one's creative contribution seem wholly inappropriate in the post-9-11 digital world, where even the boundaries for the scope of protection afforded such information converges with a broad array of security concerns. Yet as information access demands converge with social justice, access to information and rights protection concerns, the resulting debates not only diverge from what we have seen before, they have the potential for establishing new principles to be applied in resolving issues as complex as access to patented drugs. Such convergences do not admit of simple solutions. But they promise to provide new insights into how we can resolve these critical future normative issues.
Spectral Considerations for Transportation Lighting Systems

Transportation lighting specifications using photopic photometry are poorly correlated with many relevant visual responses such as peripheral detection, brightness perception and discomfort glare. Potential impacts on specifications are discussed.
Tag team: Roles of miRNAs and Proteolytic Regulators in Ensuring Robust Gene Expression Dynamics

Lack of prominent developmental defects arising from loss of many individual miRNAs is consistent with the observations of collaborative networks between miRNAs and roles for miRNAs in regulating stress responses. However, these characteristics may only partially explain the seemingly nonessential nature of many miRNAs. Non-miRNA gene expression regulatory mechanisms also collaborate with miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) to support robust gene expression dynamics. Genetic enhancer screens have revealed roles of miRNAs and other gene repressive mechanisms in development or other cellular processes that were masked by genetic redundancy. Besides discussing the breadth of the non-miRNA genes, we use LIN-28 as an example to illustrate how distinct regulatory systems, including miRNAs and multiple protein stability mechanisms, work at different levels to target expression of a given gene and provide tissue-specific and stage-specific regulation of gene expression.
The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort.

Background Obesity is known to be a major risk factor for diabetes, but the magnitude of risk and variation between blacks and whites are less well documented in populations heavily affected by obesity. Herein we assess rates and risks of incident diabetes in a diverse southern population where obesity is common. Methods A total of 24,000 black and 14,064 white adults aged 40–79 in the Southern Community Cohort Study with no self-reported diabetes at study enrollment during 2002–2009 was followed for up to 10 (median 4.5) years. Incidence rates, odds ratios (OR) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI) for medication-treated incident diabetes were determined according to body mass index (BMI) and other characteristics, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, healthy eating and physical activity indices, and socioeconomic status (SES). Results Risk of incident diabetes rose monotonically with increasing BMI, but the trends differed between blacks and whites (pinteraction < .0001). Adjusted ORs (CIs) for diabetes among those with BMI≥40 vs 20–25 kg/m2 were 11.9 (8.4–16.8) for whites and 4.0 (3.3–4.8) for blacks. Diabetes incidence was more than twice as high among blacks than whites of normal BMI, but the racial difference became attenuated as BMI rose, with estimated 5-year probabilities of developing diabetes approaching 20% for both blacks and whites with BMI≥40 kg/m2. Diabetes risk was also associated with low SES, significantly (pinteraction≤.02) more so for whites, current cigarette smoking, and lower healthy eating and physical activity indices, although high BMI remained the predominant risk factor among both blacks and whites. From baseline prevalence and 20-year projections of the incidence trends, we estimate that the large majority of surviving cohort participants with BMI≥40 kg/m2 will be diagnosed with diabetes. Conclusions Even using conservative criteria to ascertain diabetes incidence (i.e., requiring diabetes medication use and ignoring undiagnosed cases), rates of obesity-associated diabetes were exceptionally high in this low-income adult population. The findings indicate that effective strategies to halt the rising prevalence of obesity are needed to avoid substantial increases in diabetes in coming years.
Inhibition of hepatic-induced enzyme formation by 8-azaguanine.

A body of evidence has accumulated which indicates that the :purine analogue, 8-azaguanine, has an inhibitory action upon protein synthesis. It has been shown in several laboratories that the production of certain inducible bacterial enzymes may be inhibited by this agent (14). It has also been reported by Mandel (5) that utilization of methionine-Ss5 and cystine-S35 for protein synthesis was markedly depressed in cultures of Bacillus cereus exposed to 8-azaguanine. Antibody production in the mouse may be suppressed by the administration of 8-azaguanine (6), and an effect upon hemoglobin synthesis in the deembryonated chick blastoderm has been noted (7). Although these studies point to an inhibition of protein synthesis as a possible major site of 8-azaguanine action they do not explain the mechanism by which inhibitions occur. These effects could be the result of a direct action on one or more of the biochemical mechanisms intimately involved in protein synthesis, or they could be merely a secondary phenomenon resulting from a more distant biochemical action, e.g. interference with a fundamental process such as phosphorylation, electron transport, amine acid metabolism, etc. To lay a proper foundation for the investigation of the mechanism in a cell-free system from rat liver, the effect of %aaaguanine upon the synthesis of several inducible hepatic enzymes in the rat was investigated.
Ethnographic Analogy, Archaeology, and the African Diaspora: Perspectives from a Tenant Community

From its inception, archaeologists have been forced to rely on ethnographic analogies when attempting to make behavioral interpretations for past humans. In the study of the institution of slavery, archaeologists have drawn a vast majority of these analogies from modern cultures of West Africa—those cultures thought to have provided the largest number of enslaved peoples to North America. This paper will attempt to demonstrate that the Gullah and Geechee cultures of the Carolina Low-country may very well represent a far more important source for such analogies. These cultures have been overlooked as a result of the view among social scientists and historians that the Gullah/Geechee represent the “end result” of a unique set of evolutionary factors not found elsewhere within the South. Primary among these factors is their isolation from European Americans and other African Americans. However, the historic roots of the Gullah/Geechee are embedded within enslavement, Reconstruction, tenancy, sharecropping, and land holding—many of the same forces that helped to shape African American cultures throughout North America, unlike the cultures of West Africa. An example derived from the historical archaeological research conducted at the Levi Jordan Plantation, Brazoria County, Texas, will be employed to demonstrate the importance of the Gullah and Geechee analogies in understanding the lives of enslaved and freed African Americans.
lncDIFF: a novel distribution-free method for differential expression analysis of long non-coding RNA

Motivation: Long non-coding RNA expression data has been increasingly used in finding diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer studies. Existing differential analysis tools for RNA sequencing does not effectively accommodate low abundant genes, as commonly observed in lncRNA. We propose a novel and robust statistical method lncDIFF to detect differential expressed (DE) genes without assuming the true density on normalized counts. Results: lncDIFF adopts the generalized linear model with zero-inflated exponential quasi likelihood to estimate group effect on normalized counts, and employs the likelihood ratio test to detect differential expressed genes. The proposed method and tool is suitable for data processed with standard RNA-Seq preprocessing and normalization pipelines. Simulation results illustrate that lncDIFF detects DE genes with more power and lower false discovery rate regardless of the data pattern. The analysis on a head and neck squamous cell carcinomas study also confirms that lncDIFF has better sensitivity in identifying novel lncRNA genes with relatively large fold change and prognostic value. Availability and Implementation: lncDIFF is an R package available at https://github.com/qianli10000/lncDIFF.
Introduction: Barack Obama and the Transformational Impulse

When President Barack Hussein Obama left office on January 20, 2017, he left a fascinating legacy. The Obama presidency will remain an intriguing part of our nation’s political history, and we can now say that there were unexpected achievements and failures. His tenure was both historical and complex, and will inevitably be compared with his predecessors and successors. The chapters in this volume are a serious assessment of President Obama’s tenure written by a diverse team that includes political scientists, sociologists, historians, and economists. They provide critical insights into the man and his policies and, more importantly, are written in a manner that makes them available to laypersons, journalists, students, and scholars.
CapNet: Exploiting Wireless Sensor Networks for Data Center Power Capping

As the scale and density of data centers continue to grow, cost-effective data center management (DCM) is becoming a significant challenge for enterprises hosting large-scale online and cloud services. Machines need to be monitored, and the scale of operations mandates an automated management with high reliability and real-time performance. The limitations of today’s typical DCM network are many-fold. Primarily, it is a fixed wired network, and hence scaling it for a large number of servers increases its cost. In addition, with server densities increasing over recent years, this network also has to be cabled correctly and the management of this network parallels the complexity of managing a data network, since it needs to be networked with multiple switches and routers. In this article, we propose a wireless sensor network as a cost-effective networking solution for DCM while satisfying the reliability and latency performance requirements of DCM. We have developed CapNet, a real-time wireless sensor network for power capping, a time-critical DCM function for power management in a cluster of servers. CapNet employs an efficient event-driven protocol that triggers data collection only on the detection of a potential power capping event. We deploy and evaluate CapNet in a data center. Using server power traces, our experimental results on a cluster of 480 servers inside the data center show that CapNet can meet the real-time requirements of power capping. CapNet demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of wireless sensor networks for time-critical DCM applications.
Salivary pH and Taste Sensitivity among Geriatric and Non-Geriatric Patients in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate the association of salivary pH and taste sensitivity among geriatric and non-geriatric patients in an otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery out-patient clinic. Methods: Design: Cross-Sectional Study Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital Participants: 40 otorhinolaryngology out-patients Results: Of the 40 patients aged 24 to 92-years-old (mean age 59.8 years), 21 were geriatric and 19 were non-geriatric. The mean salivary pH was 6.66 (range 5 to 8) and 6.63 (range 5 to 7) for geriatric and non-geriatric groups; the difference in mean salivary pH was not statistically significant (p = .87). The salivary pH in the geriatric group showed a negative correlation with age (r=0.06), while the salivary pH in the non-geriatric group had a positive correlation with age (r=0.14). Overall, increases in age among the non-geriatric group were correlated with increase in salivary pH which were not observed in the geriatric patients. In the geriatric group, among the 4 tastants, the strongest correlation between taste sensitivity and salivary pH was observed for quinine followed by sucrose and NaCl, but no correlation for citric acid. In the non-geriatric group, the strongest correlation between taste sensitivity and salivary pH was observed for NaCl, followed by quinine, citric acid and sucrose. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the mean salivary pH of geriatric and non-geriatric patients, and both means were within normal. There was a negative correlation between age and salivary pH in the geriatric group, and a positive correlation in the non-geriatric group. Salivary pH had the strongest correlation with taste sensitivity for quinine and NaCl among geriatric and non-geriatric participants, respectively, but the reasons for, and significance of this cannot be inferred from the present study. Keywords: salivary pH; taste sensitivity; gustatory function; geriatric
Predictive Modeling for Geometric Rule-Based Methods

Previously, we proposed a method for incorporating molecular geometry in a biological rule-based model by encoding molecular curvature into the rules and associated binding rate constants. We combined this method with a 3D rigid-body Monte Carlo simulation to model antigen-antibody aggregation. In this work, we use our geometric rule-based method to develop a model for predicting the output of the full-resolution Monte Carlo simulation given the output of lower resolution simulations. The purpose of this predictive model is to reduce the computational cost of the Monte Carlo simulation. We develop this model by first choosing a rule set for each molecular geometry and varying only the binding rate constant for each Monte Carlo resolution, and then fitting the resulting data to a function. We examine the calculation time needed for each predictive model to demonstrate how this model is more efficient than running a full-resolution simulation. We find that this method can reduce the computational time of the Monte Carlo simulation by up to 20%.
Modified State Surface Approach to Study Unsaturated Soil Hysteresis Behavior

Unsaturated soils are often used as a construction material in transportation infrastructures. In this situation, unsaturated soils are subjected to cyclic mechanical loading from traffic loads or ...
Italian Prisons in the Age of Positivism, 1861–1914: Gibson, Mary, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 336 pp., $114.00, ISBN 978-1-3500-5532-2, Publication Date: July 2019

Although important work on Italian prisons has been done in Italian, the English-language literature on this topic is scarce. Mary Gibson, professor emerita of history at John Jay College and the G...
Abstract 5454: A data driven pipeline to detect somatic mutations in oncology

The analysis of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data relies on workflows that integrate different bioinformatics tools. Designing workflows that are assay agnostic and have a robust computational framework for result generation in a timely manner is particularly important for clinical applications of NGS. These technologies play an important role in classifying a patient9s tumor at a molecular level however, there is still a need to develop workflows that generate consistent mutation profiles for oncology. We developed a bioinformatics tool to analyze DNA and RNA sequencing data in a single pipeline and to specifically detect somatic mutations in oncology clinical workflows. Our automated pipeline report contains extensive quality metrics for each sample and generates a robust mutation annotation and filtration module vital for clinical use. We use data driven filters and algorithms that predict the effectiveness of mutations to filter out mutations of poor quality or mutations without clinical significance. We applied our pipeline to standard cell lines and various cancer FFPE samples acquired from the Intermountain Healthcare Biorepository. Our pipeline successfully processes different mutation classes including Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), small ( 21 bp) insertions and deletions (InDels), gene fusions, and exon skipping mutations. In addition, we established a reference set that allows us to call Copy Number Variants (CNVs) in a gene panel designed to detect clinically relevant mutations in lung cancers. Comparison of this pipeline to a validated external workflow yield high concordance of clinically significant mutations. We conclude that our pipeline offers a sensitive and specific methodology to analyze DNA and RNA sequencing data to clinically relevant results from low input amplicon-based assays for various solid tumor cancer types. Citation Format: Katherine Shortt, Christopher Johnson, Archana Ramesh, Tom Neuwerth, Chris Giauque, Sharanya Raghunath. A data driven pipeline to detect somatic mutations in oncology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5454.
Degree requirements of physiology undergraduate programs in the Physiology Majors Interest Group.

Physiology undergraduate degree programs operate in isolation relative to other biological science programs, with little to no understanding of how other institutions structure their course require...
Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Treatment Times for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Multicenter Collaboration.

Background and Purpose: The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to an unprecedented paradigm shift in medical care. We sought to evaluate whether the COVID-19 p...
Efficacy of Extended Adjuvant Temozolomide Cycle Duration in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Four-year experience of a single major tertiary care institution (P2.6-035)

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine the benefit of extending adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) duration beyond six cycles in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) measured by progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Background: Standard post-surgical GBM treatment, per the Stupp protocol, dictates six-weeks of TMZ chemoradiation followed by six cycles of adjuvant TMZ. Clinical practice often involves extending adjuvant TMZ duration beyond six cycles at the discretion of the clinician in the absence of tumoral progression. Previous analysis has shown that extended adjuvant TMZ improves PFS but not OS outcomes, however, there is a paucity of research and consensus on clinical practice regarding this topic. Design/Methods: Data from 465 patients who underwent surgical intervention for GBM at a major tertiary care institution between July 2012 and September 2016 were analyzed. Only patients who underwent six-weeks of concurrent TMZ chemoradiation followed by at least six cycles (≥6) of adjuvant TMZ and were progression free 28-days after cycle-six were included. Data was compared between patients who underwent six cycles (=6) versus those who received more than six cycles (>6). PFS and OS were compared using a multivariate proportional hazard Cox model including age, sex, extent of surgery, number of adjuvant TMZ cycles, and molecular marker status (MGMT, EGFR, IDH1). Results: 167 newly diagnosed GBM patients who received both chemoradiation and adjuvant TMZ were included in final analysis. Of these, 60 patients received ≥6 cycles adjuvant TMZ and were progression free 28-days post cycle-six. Median OS for patients receiving =6 and >6 cycles was 22.47 and 25.76 months (p=0.61), respectively. Patients who received >6 cycles had a PFS hazard ratio, HR=0.80, (confidence interval, CI=(0.37–1.73), p=0.57); and an OS HR=1.62, (CI=(0.72–3.66), p=0.24). Conclusions: Extending adjuvant TMZ beyond six cycles was shown to not significantly impact either PFS or OS in newly diagnosed GBM patients. Disclosure: Dr. Barnett holds stock and/or stock options in Monteris Medical Inc. which sponsored research in which Dr. Barnett was involved as an investigator. Dr. Barnett holds stock and/or stock options in Monteris Medical Inc. Dr. Knusel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ali has nothing to disclose. Dr. Saeed Bamashmos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sagar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahluwalia has nothing to disclose.
The experience of type 2 diabetes: Application of the Model of Human Occupation

IntroductionIntegrating type 2 diabetes (T2DM) self-care behaviors into daily life is complex and poorly understood. Occupational therapists, as experts in life context, habits, roles, and routines...
Comparison of cost-effectiveness and postoperative outcomes following integration of a stiff shaft glidewire into percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.

Aims:To analyze the cost effectiveness of integrating a stiff shaft glidewire (SSGW) in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) relative to standard technique (ST). This is prudent because healthcare...
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department substance use screens and overdose presentations.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate underlying substance use disorder and has impacted this vulnerable population in a variety of ways. There are limited data regarding how this pandemic has impacted emergency department (ED) patient presentations. Methods We extracted data on ED visits from the electronic health record (EHR) of a large healthcare system in the Washington, DC/Baltimore, MD metropolitan area. The dataset includes data from 7 hospitals on ED visits between 11/1/2019–6/30/2020. The health system utilizes a validated screening program for substance use, Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), for ED patients who are clinically stable and willing to complete screening. We evaluated trends in patients with a positive SBIRT screen and those presenting with a clinical diagnosis of acute alcohol or substance intoxication/overdose before (11/1/19–2/29/2020-pre) and during the first wave of the COVID pandemic (3/1/2020–6/30/2020-post). Data were described using descriptive statistics. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-square test and two-sample t-tests. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate the changes in the weekly trends with the start of the pandemic. Results There were 107,930 screens performed in the EDs during the study period (61,961 pre, 45,969 post). The population was primarily African American (64.7%) and female (57.1%). Positive SBIRT screens increased from 12.5% to 15.8% during COVID (p Discussion There was an increase in the proportion of positive SBIRT screens and visits for acute overdoses and intoxication during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional research should focus on mitigation strategies to address substance use during this vulnerable time.
Using Eye-Tracking Procedures to Evaluate Generalization Effects: Practicing Target Words during Repeated Readings within versus across Texts

Repeated readings is a frequently studied and recommended intervention for improving reading fluency. Typically, researchers investigate generalization of repeated readings interventions by assessi...
Adam Smith's marketplace of life

Adam Smith wrote two books, one about economics and the other about morality. His Wealth of Nations argues for a largely free-market economy, while his Theory of Moral Sentiments argues that human morality develops out of a mutual sympathy that people seek with one another. How do these books go together? How do markets and morality mix? James Otteson's 2002 book provides a comprehensive examination and interpretation of Smith's moral theory and shows how his conception of the nature of morality applies to his understanding of markets, language and other social institutions. Considering Smith's notions of natural sympathy, the impartial spectator, human nature, and human conscience the author also addresses the issue of whether Smith thinks that moral judgments enjoy a transcendent sanction. James Otteson sees Smith's theory of morality as an institution that develops unintentionally but nevertheless in an orderly way according to a market model.
Capital structure: an overview

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Despiteextensiveresearch,ﬁnancialeconomistsstillviewcapitalstructureasapuz-zle in which all the pieces do not ﬁt perfectly into place. Surveys by Graham andHarvey (2001); Bancel and Mittoo (2004); and Brounen, Dirk, de Jong, and Koedijk(2004, 2006) report gaps between theory and practice involving capital structuredecisions. Although understanding in this area is incomplete and questions stillremain on how ﬁrms should determine their ﬁnancing mix, much theoretical andempirical evidence is available to provide guidance in unraveling the capital struc-ture puzzle. The following chapters offer a wealth of useful information about thefactors that inﬂuence capital structure and corporate ﬁnancing decisions in the realworld. Let’s now begin our journey into one of the most controversial and highlyresearched topics in corporate ﬁnance. REFERENCES Baker, H. Kent, and Gary E. Powell. 2005. Understanding Financial Management—A PracticalGuide . Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Baker, Malcolm, and Jeffrey Wurgler. 2002. “Market Timing and Capital Structure.”
Rethinking ‘Don't Blame the Victim’

SUMMARY The psychology of victims and the dynamics of victimhood have been largely ignored by scholars and clinicians. While in past years the tendency has been to blame victims, more recently the tide has turned. It is now politically incorrect to explore the role of victims in violent systems, as exploring the psychology of victims has become synonymous with blaming the victim. While shying away from blame, this article will explore the familial and cultural origins of victimhood, victims' characteristics, their relationships with the perpetrators, and it will offer a victim typology. As we move from btame to a more complex understanding of violent systems, the perpetuation of these systems in our culture, and the role victims play in these systems, we provide ourselves with better tools to predict and prevent further victimization.
The yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase specificity factor, MTF1, is similar to bacterial sigma factors.

Abstract We have purified the protein that confers selective promoter recognition on the core subunit of the yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase. The N-terminal sequence of the 43-kDa specificity factor identified it as the product of the MTF1 gene described by Lisowsky and Michaelis (1988). We confirmed that MTF1 encoded the specificity factor by analyzing extracts from a yeast strain bearing a disruption of the gene. The extracts contained normal levels of core RNA polymerase but lacked selective transcription activity; adding the purified 43-kDa protein restored selective transcription. Comparison of the MTF1 protein sequence to the family of bacterial sigma factors has revealed striking similarity to domains identified with--10 promoter recognition, promoter melting, and holoenzyme stability.
Closing the Loop: Review Process Factors Affecting Audit Staff Follow-Through

The PCAOB recently expressed concern regarding the sufficiency and effectiveness of review and supervision of audit field work. For the audit review process to succeed as a quality control mechanism, any issues or questions identified by a reviewer must be adequately resolved and documented in the workpapers. If audit review fails to correct for errors/biases in the work of reviewees, there can be serious detrimental effects on audit quality and, in turn, financial statement quality. Our study extends the literature by examining the phase of the review process in which reviewees respond to (or “close”) notes/comments provided by their reviewers. Utilizing an experiment, we find that certain contextual factors (review timeliness and review note frame) influence reviewee follow-through during this critical phase. Specifically, we find that a delayed review elicits significantly lower effort levels than a timely review. Review note frame (i.e., how the reviewer phrases the rationale given for the underlying directive of a review note) significantly affects reviewee effort and performance when the review is timely. Through mediation analyses, we explore the mediating effect of effort on performance. In addition, we find that reviewer delay leads to greater over-documentation.
Pediatric transplantation: managing bleeding

Summary There has been extraordinary progress over the last half-century in the field of medical transplantation in which tissue, organs, or body parts from one human are placed into another. Solid organ transplants have allowed thousands of children with otherwise devastating inherited or acquired disorders to survive. Depending upon the clinical situation, there are many specific peri-transplant issues that must be carefully addressed to optimize outcomes. Although surgical, immunologic, and infectious concerns are usually in the forefront, important aspects regarding hemostasis frequently arise. The number of solid organs that can be successfully transplanted in children has expanded over the last decades and includes kidney, liver, heart, lung, intestine, pancreas, and thymus. Bleeding complications may occur in the setting of organ failure prior to transplantation, during the surgical procedure, or in the post-transplant setting, and can results in significant morbidity. This report will focus on preventing and managing non-surgical-related bleeding complications in children undergoing liver, heart, kidney transplantation, in whom there are often unique aspects of coagulation to be considered.
Self-trapped exciton defects in a charge density wave: Electronic excitations of BaBiO 3

In Paper I, it was shown that holes doped into ${\mathrm{BaBiO}}_{3}$ self-trap as small polarons and bipolarons. These point defects are energetically favorable partly because they undo locally the strain in the charge density wave (Peierls insulator) ground state. In this paper the neutral excitations of the same model are discussed. The lowest electronic excitation is predicted to be a self-trapped exciton, consisting of an electron and a hole located on adjacent Bi atoms. This excitation has been seen experimentally (but not identified as such) via the Urbach tail in optical absorption, and the multiphonon spectrum of the ``breathing mode'' seen in Raman scattering. These two phenomena occur because of the Franck-Condon effect associated with oxygen displacement in the excited state.
Soil heating during burning of forest slash piles and wood piles

Pile burning of conifer slash is a common fuel reduction practice in forests of the western United States that has a direct, yet poorly quantified effect on soil heating. To address this knowledge gap, we measured the heat pulse beneath hand-built piles ranging widely in fuel composition and pile size in sandy-textured soils of the Lake Tahoe Basin. The soil heat pulse depended primarily on fuel composition, not on pile size. Burn piles dominated by large wood produced extreme temperatures in soil profile, with lethal heating lasting up to 3 days. In contrast, the heat pulse was moderate beneath piles containing a mixture of fuel sizes. Considerable spatial variability was noted, as soil temperatures were generally greatest near pile centres and decline sharply toward the pile edges. Also, saturating pile burns with water 8 h after ignition (‘mopping up’) effectively quenched the soil heat pulse while allowing near-complete fuel consumption. The findings suggest that burning of hand piles will not result in extreme or extensive soil heating except for uncommon conditions when piles are dominated by large wood and occupy a high percentage of the ground surface.
ACTIVATION AND INACTIVATION OF P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE HYDROXYLASE.

Abstract 1. 1. p -Hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase (EC 1.99.1.14) is reversible inactivated by dialysis, storage, purification involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, and treatment with oxidizing agents. The inactive enzyme is reactivated by various reducing agents. 2. 2. Metal-chelating agents inhibited enzyme activity. 1,10-Phenanthroline and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Fe 2+ sensitive) strongly inhibted, but 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Cu + specific) did not. 1,10-Phenathroline-treated p -hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase was reactivated specifically by Fe 2+ in the presence of a reducing agent, indiciating a role for Fe 2+ in enzyme activity. 3. 3. Nonoxidative sulfhydryl reagents did not materially inhibit the enzyme 4. activity under various conditions.
Laryngeal Electromyographic Activity in Adductor and Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia

Vocal symptoms in spasmodic dysphonia (SD) range from strain-strangle phonation and glottal-stop phonatory breaks of adductor SD to breathy phonation and aspirate phonatory breaks of abductor SD. Many SD subjects show both symptom types. Heterogeneity in vocal symptoms contributes to controversy surrounding the etiology(s) of SD. Acoustic/perceptual analyses of vocal symptoms are inconclusive in resolving this controversy. This investigation moves the search for distinguishing features of adductor and abductor SD to the level of neuromuscular control and analysis of intrinsic laryngeal muscle (adductor and abductor) activity. Subjects rated perceptually as primarily adductor or abductor SD sustained production of vegetative gestures and isolated speech sounds (/i/ and /s/). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of electromyographic signals recorded from thyroarytenoid (TA) failed to differentiate SD subjects by symptom type. Analysis of TA and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) activity in one abductor SD revealed high levels in both muscles during production of the voiced vowel. Data suggest that a possible explanation for symptom heterogeneity in SD is the relation between disrupted neuromotor input to laryngeal muscles and reflexive or conscious compensations constrained by laryngeal biomechanics.
A robustized vector recursive stabilizer algorithm for image restoration

The ill-posed problem of object reconstruction (or band-limited extrapolation) is reformulated in the framework of the general linear model in new recursive parametric forms. The resultant algorithms are shown to be natural stabilizers of the inherent instabilities of both the iterative and noniterative reconstruction/band-limited extrapolation methods. Both robustized and unrobustized versions of the algorithms are given. The recursive algorithms provide immunity to measurement noise outliers in burst noise of high variance. Unlike procedures suggested previously, these methods eliminate the need for stopping rule constraints and ensure convergence of the algorithms. The recursive formulation of the noniterative method of band-limited extrapolation is also found to be adaptable to multidimensional image restoration. Computer simulations verify the theory and demonstrate the computational efficiency of the method.
Dynamic modelling of a heterogeneously catalysed system with stiff Hopf bifurcations

Abstract We report the results of a detailed dynamic modelling of CO oxidation on a platinum catalytic wire, carried out via an iterative parameter estimation scheme which employs both experimental bifurcation-to-oscillation data as well as the actual oscillatory data. By exploiting the stiffness of the system's model equations, some algebraic equations that describe the oscillatory boundaries in the feed temperature/partial pressure parameter space are extracted. The resulting model is shown to fit quantitatively these boundaries and the dynamic oscillographs of the wire temperature and simulate, with satisfactory accuracy, the unfitted dynamic data. Following an extension of the independent parameters space of the model beyond the reported experimental one, interesting bifurcation sequences (including multiple steady states) obtained via a computational study are predicted. The utility of both the resulting model in catalytic reactor design and the novel iteration scheme in general parameter estimation work on catalytic models is discussed.
Prior-information-driven multiple contrast projection of T2 weighted magnetic resonance images

Despite the tremendous improvements in MR imaging, the optimization of fast imaging techniques for display of T2 contrast has not yet been accomplished. Existing methods that make use of prior-information (feature-recognizing MRI, constrained reconstruction techniques, dynamic imaging etc) are sub-optimal. In this paper, we present a fast, robust method to enhance the T2 related contrast in an MRI image acquired at, but not restricted to, "just-enough-to-highlight-T2" repetition time so as to produce a computed mosaic of the same image at different repetition (TR) and echo (TE) times. This leads to substantial reduction in scan time and simultaneous provision of multiple snapshots of the same image at different TR and TE time settings. The enhanced mapping is performed using a feature-guided, non-linear equalization technique based on prior knowledge. The proposed methodology could be synergistically cascaded with other fast imaging techniques to further improve the acquisition rate. The clinical applications of the proposed contrast enhancement technique include: a pre-scan application in which projected images assist in prescribing a subsequent image acquisition; a real-time application in which images are acquired quickly with a short TR from which projected images at long TR are produced in near real-time; and post processing applications where enhanced images are produce to assist in diagnosis.
BINARY COLLISION EXPANSION OF THE CLASSICAL N-BODY GREEN'S FUNCTION

The explicit time integrations in the formal binary collision expansion of the classical $N$-body Green's function are performed to obtain a product of binary collision operators which bears a strong resemblance to the Mayer product of ${f}_{\mathrm{ij}}'\mathrm{s}$. These integrations are exact for hard-sphere interactions and are expected to be a good approximation for finite but short-range pair interactions. The resulting expansion can be averaged over configuration space to obtain a transport equation for a dense gas in analogy with the cluster expansion of the classical partition function.
Real-time 3D part metrology using polarization rotation

This paper describes a real time, low cost part metrology method for capturing and extracting 3D part data using a single camera and no moving elements. 3D capture in machine vision is typically done using stereo photogrammetry, phase shifting using structured light, or autofocus mechanism for depth capture. These methods rely on expensive and often slow components such as multiple cameras, specialized lighting, or motion components such as motors or piezoelectric actuators. We demonstrated a method for 3D capture using only a single camera, birefringent lenses and ultra-fast electronic polarization switches. Using multiple images acquired at different polarization states and thus different focal distances, a high-resolution 3D point cloud of a test part was extracted with a good match to the ground truth data. This paper will describe the operation of the method and discuss the practical limitations.
Complexes of molybdenum(III) and -(IV) with chloride and tertiary phosphine ligands; an omniumgatherum of new and old results

The preparations and structures of four new mixed chloro-tertiary phosphine complexes {Bd1, 3–5} of molybdenum(III) are reported, as well as the structure of two previously known MoIII complexes {Bd2,6} and the structure of an [MoCl6]2− compound {Bd7}. These results are discussed along with data for other such compounds.
Deuterium quadrupole echo NMR spectroscopy II. Artifact suppression

Abstract Artifacts which cannot be removed from quadrupole echo spectra by phase cycling can be distinguished from the desired echo on the basis of their response, or lack thereof, to the refocusing pulse. In particular, the phase of the virtual FID or feedthrough signal is determined exclusively by the phase of the first 90° pulse in the 90x-τ-90y sequence. At the peak of the echo, therefore, the phase of the virtual FID varies with r, while that of the echo does not. Two procedures are described which make use of this phenomenon to eliminate contributions of the virtual FID to the echo lineshape. In addition an interpolation procedure is described which in effect permits a data set to be left-shifted by fractions of a dwell time, so that the first data point can be placed exactly at the top of the echo.
Starch characteristics of selected grain sorghums as related to human foods

SUMMARY Seventeen varieties and hybrids of grain sorghum were analyzed for content of total starch, amylose, amylopectin, starch density, and starch granule diameter. Correlations among these attributes and organoleptic quality were made. Starches of regular-starch type varieties had higher densities than waxy starch varieties. Starch density was related directly to amylose content and inversely to total starch and amylopectin content. Amylose content was directly related to total starch content, starch density, and inversely related to amylopectin content. The varieties with high amylopectin content were preferred for sorghum bread. Organoleptic quality was directly related to amylopectin content and inversely related to total starch and amylose content.
Elastohydrodynamics of the rotary lip seal

An elastohydrodynamic model of the non-leaking equilibrium behaviour of the rotary lip seal has been developed. It consists of a fluid mechanics analysis of the lubricating film, a structural analysis of the lip, an analysis of the meniscus on the air side of the seal, and an iterative computation procedure. A uniform distribution of microasperities on the lip surface is assumed. The model predicts the location of the meniscus, the film thickness and pressure distributions, and the locations of cavitation regions. It also predicts the maximum pressure that can be sealed with zero leakage, and the maximum speed above which the meniscus is ingested into the sealing zone.
The Design and Development of Pistons for Automobile Engines

The amount of research carried out on piston assemblies of engines is a good indication of the problems which have been encountered. Fortunately this is one branch of engineering where research is usually well ahead of production failures. The stresses in the various components during actual operation are not perhaps as yet fully understood and recent experimental work has revealed some further information. The optimum design of pistons taking into account crown thicknesses, clearances, skirt thicknesses and thermal effects is considered in detail. The stresses with gudgeon pin and boss are calculated and the advantages of various materials are discussed. The importance of manufacturing tolerances is underlined and the paper concludes with some notes about the more exacting design requirements which can be expected following the trend towards higher compression ratios.
Differential prognostic significance of extralobar and intralobar nodal metastases in patients with surgically resected stage II non-small cell lung cancer.

Objectives We sought to determine the prognostic significance of extralobar nodal metastases versus intralobar nodal metastases in patients with lung cancer and pathologic stage N1 disease. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained lung resection database identified 230 patients with pathologic stage II, N1 non–small cell lung cancer from 1997 to 2011. The surgical pathology reports were reviewed to identify the involved N1 stations. The outcome variables included recurrence and death. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the R statistical software package. Results A total of 122 patients had extralobar nodal metastases (level 10 or 11); 108 patients were identified with intralobar nodal disease (levels 12-14). The median follow-up was 111 months. The baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. No significant differences were noted in the surgical approach, anatomic resections performed, or adjuvant therapy rates between the 2 groups. Overall, 80 patients developed recurrence during follow-up: 33 (30%) of 108 in the intralobar and 47 (38%) of 122 in the extralobar cohort. The median overall survival was 46.9 months for the intralobar cohort and 24.4 months for the extralobar cohort ( P P = .001). Conclusions In patients who underwent surgical resection for stage II non–small cell lung cancer, the presence of extralobar nodal metastases at level 10 or 11 predicted significantly poorer outcomes than did nodal metastases at stations 12 to 14. This finding has prognostic importance and implications for adjuvant therapy and surveillance strategies for patients within the heterogeneous stage II (N1) category.
Auden's View of History in For the Time Being

PROPOSE to ask and answer a single question about W. H. Auden's For the Time Being: A Christmas Oratorio: What is its interpretation of time and history ? The work was published at the end of World War II (1945) together with The Sea and the Mirror, and these two are Auden's most successful long poems. The Sea and the Mirror is a poetic essay on the meaning and value of the human imagination. It is based upon The Tempest. For the Time Being is a study of the meaning and relevance of the Incarnation and is grounded in the biblical stories of the birth of Christ. If the former addresses itself to a timeless sub-