cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thrombolysis for Management of Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

Background Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state associated with a fivefold increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism. Thrombolysis is the preferred level of care for patients with acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT); however, most studies exclude pregnant patients, highlighting the lack of data regarding the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy for mother and fetus. Methods We describe the successful use of thrombolytic therapy in conjunction with ultrasound to remove a large ileofemoral DVT in a first-trimester patient with phlegmasia cerulea dolens. The procedure was performed safely for both mother and fetus. Results No radiation or contrast dye was used, and intravascular ultrasound confirmed patency of the entirety of the venous system. She delivered a healthy term baby after the procedure and had no further sequalae. Conclusion Thrombolysis with intravascular ultrasound may be considered in first-trimester pregnant patients with threatened limb due to DVT.
Five-cycle Number Patterns

I fO) thIrd ^'V/ sPace Do your students find arithmetic with fractions difficult and boring? Here is a set of activities you can use with middle-school students (grades 5 through 9) to have them discover intriguing number patterns and at the same time practice their arithmetic skills with fractions. In fact, these activities can provide your students with experience with decimals, negative numbers, and evaluation of formulas, as well as other more advanced mathematical topics.
Treatment and surgical factors associated with longer-term glioblastoma survival: a National Cancer Database study.

Background Insufficient data exist to characterize factors associated with longer-term survival of glioblastoma (GBM). A population-based analysis of GBM longer-term survivors (LTS) in the United States was conducted to investigate the association between treatment, demographic, surgical factors, and longer-term survival. Methods From the National Cancer Database, GBM patients were identified using ICD-O-3 histology codes 9440-9442/3, 2005-2015 and were divided into routine (≤3 years) and longer-term (>3 years) overall survival (OS) groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with longer-term survival. A subset analysis was performed to further investigate the association of extent of resection and treatment combinations on OS outcomes. Results A total of 93 036 patients with GBM met study criteria. Among these patients, 8484 were LTS and 84 552 were routine survivors (RS). When comparing LTS (OS of >3 years) with RS (OS of ≤3 years), younger age, insured status, metro/urban residence, treatment at academic facility, and fewer comorbidities were associated with longer-term survival. In addition, trimodality therapy (chemotherapy + radiation + surgery) was associated with having best odds of longer-term survival (odds ratio = 4.89, 95% confidence interval [3.58, 6.68]); 74% of LTS received such therapy compared with 51% of RS. Subset analysis revealed that total resection is only associated with longer-term survival status for those receiving trimodality therapy or surgery only. Conclusions In a population-based analysis, standard of care surgery and chemo radiation connote a survival advantage in GBM. Among those receiving standard of care, having a total resection is most beneficial for longer-term survival status.
La Crosse Virus Shows Strain-Specific Differences in Pathogenesis

La Crosse virus (LACV) is the leading cause of pediatric viral encephalitis in North America, and is an important public health pathogen. Historically, studies involving LACV pathogenesis have focused on lineage I strains, but no former work has explored the pathogenesis between or within lineages. Given the absence of LACV disease in endemic regions where a robust entomological risk exists, we hypothesize that some LACV strains are attenuated and demonstrate reduced neuroinvasiveness. Herein, we compared four viral strains representing all three lineages to determine differences in neurovirulence or neuroinvasiveness using three murine models. A representative strain from lineage I was shown to be the most lethal, causing >50% mortality in each of the three mouse studies. However, other strains only presented excessive mortality (>50%) within the suckling mouse neurovirulence model. Neurovirulence was comparable among strains, but viruses differed in their neuroinvasive capacities. Our studies also showed that viruses within lineage III vary in pathogenesis with contemporaneous strains, showing reduced neuroinvasiveness compared to an ancestral strain from the same U.S. state (i.e., Connecticut). These findings demonstrate that LACV strains differ markedly in pathogenesis, and that strain selection is important for assessing vaccine and therapeutic efficacies.
Measurement and prediction of work engagement under different indoor lighting conditions using physiological sensing

Abstract Employee productivity is of paramount importance to most organizations. Studies have shown that a suitable indoor lighting condition is key to help employees remain productive and comfortable in their office spaces. However, it is very difficult to monitor and quantify productivity, which limits our ability to select indoor conditions that maximize the performance of the building occupants. Instead, work engagement is a measurable parameter that is directly related to productivity. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to investigate the effect of lighting level on occupants’ work engagement by studying the frontal asymmetry index (FAI) measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Statistical analysis is performed to investigate the work engagement of the occupants under three typical lighting levels (i.e., 200 lux, 500 lux, and 1000 lux) while they are performing cognitive tasks. The results show that the effect of lighting level on work engagement varies across individuals, which highlights the necessity of developing personalized models. Therefore, this study also proposes a method to predict engagement level for different individuals based on the lighting level and their galvanic skin response (GSR), heart rate (HR), and skin temperature (ST) using the Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results show that RF outperforms ANN in most of the prediction cases, and the final classification accuracies are 83.3% for the 3-scale case and 62.2% for the 5-scale case. This opens the possibility of using easily measurable physiological parameters to estimate human brain activities and predict their work engagement under different lighting scenarios.
Microstructures with designable temperature-dependent thermal emission

We propose gold – vanadium dioxide microstructures to achieve structurally tunable difference in thermal radiated power between low and high temperature states. We use our emitters to design metasurfaces for which the spatial emission pattern can be inverted with temperature.
The murine allantois.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the development of the mouse allantois. The murine allantois is the future umbilical component of the chorioallantoic placenta. Its primary function is to fuse with the chorion and vascularize, thereby serving as the vital connection between mother and fetus for the interchange of nutrients, gases, and metabolic wastes during much of mammalian gestation. Whereas, much effort has been devoted to investigating the role of the mature placenta, studies of the development of its component structures, the chorion and the allantois, have been minimal. In the development of any vertebrate embryo, only part of the egg's cleavage cell mass will form the actual embryo; the other part will elaborate the extraembryonic structures, referred to—especially in mammals—as “fetal membranes.” The set of fetal membranes comprises the yolk sac, amnion, chorion, and allantois. Fetal membranes are shed at birth by natural methods and discarded. The allantois may provide fresh approaches to old problems. Because the principal function of the allantois is to vascularize, the allantois is a very attractive organ for the study of vasculogenesis, especially as it can be isolated free of contamination from embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.
Denver MSM sociostructural factors: preliminary findings of perceived HIV risk.

This qualitative rapid ethnographic study identifies, describes and classifies the impact of sociostructural domains and their factors on men who have sex with men (MSM) HIV transmission risk. Included are the perceptions of HIV risk by four MSM subgroups: HIV positive, Latino, black, and young (aged 18 to 24). Results classify participant-perceived MSM transmission factors into sociostructural domains (e.g., social, health, economic, political, and mental health). Included in the article is a discussion of domain factors perceived as suitable for systemic intervention including addressing social stigma and discrimination, promoting MSM health and sexual health, and preventing and treating substance use. A review of study limitations and recommendations for future research conclude this article.
Gettering in Silicon

The sections in this article are 1 A Brief Overview of Gettering 2 Definition of Solubility 3 Relaxation Gettering 4 Segregation Gettering 5 Gettering by Implantation 6 Gettering Simulations
The next chapter in networking research: evolutionary or revolutionary?

Starting with the invention of packet switching in 1960s, the networking research community has made tremendous contributions towards creation of the Internet and its continued growth on various fronts. Clearly the Internet has emerged to be a very critical infrastructure for all aspects of our modern society. However, the Internet also suffers from serious limitations for its expanding role in the society. Success of the Internet and its continued limitations have been a double edged sword for the research community: it has led to numerous new research opportunities and challenges, and at the same time, the success has severely limited research community’s ability to influence Internet evolution during the past several years. NSF and members of the research community have been inventing ways to continue the pace of network innovation to ensure continued evolution of Internet as well as to develop disruptive new networking technologies and solutions that would take us beyond Internet and serve the society for the next several decades. In this talk, firstly a context for networking research will be provided and then several key NSF programs are outlined, that are aimed at keeping the pace of networking innovation high and enrich the next generation networking infrastructure.
Hydrologic and biogeochemical functioning of intensively managed catchments: A synthesis of top‐down analyses

[1] This paper synthesizes a 3-year collaborative effort to characterize the biogeochemical and hydrological features of intensively managed agricultural catchments by combining data analysis, modeling, and preliminary hypothesis testing. The specific focus was on the Midwestern region of the United States. The results suggest that: (1) water management, specifically the homogenization of evapotranspiration losses driven by mono-cultural vegetation cover, and the homogenization of runoff generation driven by artificial drainage, has created engineered, predictable hydrologic systems; (2) nutrient and pesticide management, specifically their regular applications have created two kinds of biogeochemical export regimes: chemostatic (low variability in concentration as exhibited by nitrate) and episodic (high variability in concentration as exhibited by pesticides); (3) coupled mass-balance models for water and solutes reproduce these two regimes as a function of chemical rate constants. Phosphorus transport regimes were found to be episodic at smaller spatial scales, but chemostatic at larger scales. Chemostatic response dominates in transport-limited catchments that have internal sources of the solute to buffer the periodicity in episodic inputs, while episodic response dominates in source-limited catchments. The shift from episodic nitrate export in pristine catchments to chemostatic regimes in managed watersheds was attributed to legacy stores of nitrogen (built from continued fertilizer applications) that buffer interannual variations in biogeochemical processing. Fast degradation kinetics of pesticides prevents the build-up of legacy sources, and leads to episodic export. Analytical expressions were derived for the probability density functions of solute delivery ratio as a function of the stochastics of rainfall-runoff events and biogeochemical controls.
Glucose Metabolism in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The metabolism of glucose was examined in several clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Radiorespirometric studies revealed that growing cells metabolized glucose by a combination on the Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways. A portion of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate formed via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway was recycled by conversion to glucose-6-phosphate. Subsequent catabolism of this glucose-6-phosphate by either the Entner-Doudoroff or pentose phosphate pathways yielded CO2 from the original C6 of glucose. Enzyme analyses confirmed the presence of all enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff, pentose phosphate, and Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathways. There was always a high specific activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) relative to that of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44). The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase utilized either nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as electron acceptor. Acetate was the only detectable nongaseous end product of glucose metabolism. Following the disappearance of glucose, acetate was metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle as evidenced by the preferential oxidation of [1-14C]acetate over that of [2-14C]acetate. When an aerobically grown log-phase culture was subjected to anaerobic conditions, lactate and acetate were formed from glucose. Radiorespirometric studies showed that under these conditions, glucose was dissimilated entirely by the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Further studies determined that this anaerobic dissimilation of glucose was not growth dependent.
Neuron-specific interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (AcPb) modulates sleep- and wake-like states in vivo and in vitro

Interleukin-1 beta (IL1) signals via its type I receptor (IL1R)-accessory protein (AcP) complex. In brain, an alternatively spliced isoform of AcP, AcPb, occurs in neurons. AcPb mRNA increases with sleep loss. Mice lacking AcPb, sleep less after sleep deprivation. Mature neuronal/glial cultures have a default sleep-like state. The sleep-like state becomes more wake-like with electrical stimulation as determined from: (a) action potential burstiness (BI for burstiness index), (b) synchronization of electrical potentials (SYN) and (c) slow wave (0.5–3.5 Hz) (SW) power; these parameters also characterize animal sleep. We cultured cortical cells from WT mice and AcPb knockout mice. After 10–12 days, stable spontaneous values of the BI, SYN and SW power emerged from the WT cells. Electrical stimulation reduced the BI, SYN and SW power values during and after (30 min) stimulation; 24 h later, homeostasis was evidenced by a rebound in BI, SYN and SW power values to higher than pre-stimulation baseline values. Cortical cells from AcPb knockout mice behaved differently. The emergence of the spontaneous sleep-like state was delayed and BI, SYN and SW power values were substantially lower. Electrical stimulation of WT cells reduced BI, SYN and SW power values whereas it was without effect on cultured AcPb cells. We conclude that such cultures are useful to define the genetic and molecular conditions necessary for emergence of network properties such as sleep.
The biogeographic origin of a radiation of trees in Madagascar: implications for the assembly of a tropical forest biome

Madagascar’s rain forests are characterized by extreme and uneven patterns of species richness and endemicity, the biogeographic and evolutionary origins of which are poorly understood. Here we use a time-calibrated phylogeny of a dominant group of trees in Madagascar’s eastern rain forests, Canarium, and related Burseraceae (Canarieae), to test biogeographic hypotheses regarding the origin and radiation of the flora of this unique biome. Our findings strongly support the monophyly of Malagasy Canarium, suggesting that this clade represents a previously undocumented in situ radiation. Contrary to expectations of dispersal from Africa during the Oligocene, concurrent with the formation of Madagascar’s rain forest biome, our analyses support a late Miocene origin for Malagasy Canarium, probably by long distance dispersal from Southeast Asia. Our study illustrates the importance of considering long distance dispersal as a viable explanation for clades with pantropical distributions diversifying subsequent to the Oligocene, and it highlights the formation of the Indo-Australian Archipelago and associated fast-moving equatorial surface currents, suggesting an under-appreciated evolutionary link among tropical centers of endemism. We postulate that the relatively recent establishment and radiation of Canarium in Madagascar may have been facilitated by the highly stochastic climates associated with these forest ecosystems.
Digest: Munson v. Del Taco, Inc.

Issues (1) Does a plaintiff seeking damages, under California Civil Code section 52,1 claiming unequal treatment on the basis of disability in violation of California Civil Code section 51 (“Unruh Civil Rights Act”)2 and Americans with Disabilities Act of 19903 (“ADA”) need to prove intentional discrimination? (2) If plaintiff must prove intentional discrimination, what does “intentional discrimination” mean in this context?
Synthesis of an amide cyclophane building block of shape-persistent triangular molecular wedges

The synthesis of an amide cyclophane, which can be considered as the first generation of a family of triangular shape-persistent molecular wedges is described.
Dispersive Estimates for Wave Equations

ABSTRACT We obtain a multiscale wave packet representation for the fundamental solution of the wave equation whose coefficients satisfy ∂2 g ∈ . This leads to pointwise and weighted L p bounds for the fundamental solution and also to a proof of dispersive estimates for such operators.
Ascites following renal transplantation.

Idiopathic ascites has been described in patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. The mechanism responsible for ascites formation in these patients is inknown, and therapy has been generally unsuccessful. However, renal transplantation has been associated with resolution of this form of ascites. We describe a patient who was free of ascites during maintenance dialysis, in whom ascites developed following renal transplantation associated with transient impairment of renal function. No specific cause of the ascites was found. Resolution of ascites occurred as renal function improved. This experience extends the spectrum of idiopathic ascites in uremic patients to the transplant recipient.
Quantification of Nanoparticle Distribution in Tissue After Direct Injection Using MicroCT Imaging

Magnetic nanoparticles have been used in clinical and animal studies to generate localized heating for tumor treatments when the particles are subjected to an external alternating magnetic field. One approach to deliver the nanoparticles is via directly injecting the nanoparticles in the extracellular space of the tumor. Its advantage is that multiple-site injections can be exploited to cover the entire target region in the case of an irregularly shaped tumor. Currently since most tissue is opaque, the detailed information of the nanoparticle spreading after the injection can not be visualized directly and it is often quantified by indirect methods such as temperature measurements to inversely determine the distribution. In this study, we use a high-resolution microCT imaging system to investigate the nanoparticle concentration distribution in a tissue equivalent agarose gel. The preliminary results are promising to obtain a 3-D distribution of the ferrofluid in tissue. The local density variations induced by the nanoparticles in the vicinity of the injection site can be detected and analyzed by the microCT system. Experiments are performed to study how the injection amount, gel concentration, and nanoparticle concentration in the ferrofluid affect nanoparticle spreading in the gel. The obtained quantified information is important for future studies of temperature elevations in opaque tumor to design optimized treatment protocols.© 2010 ASME
Nonlinear transfer functions

This paper is concerned with nonlinear transfer function analysis. We propose a test statistic to detect nonlinearity of a transfer function. Simulation study shows that the test works reasonably well in finite samples for the nonlinear models commonly used in the literature. We then discuss nonlinear transfer function modeling and the contribution of nonlinear components in a given model. For illustration, we apply the test to several data sets and use a real example to show that Substantial gain may result from using simple nonlinear transfer Functions.
Detection of low levels of Escherichia coli in fresh spinach by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy with a TMB-based enzymatic signal enhancement method

Abstract The development of effective Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) sensors has been of great importance and urgent need to public health and safety in the wake of the spinach outbreak in California in 2006. We report here an enzymatic signal enhancement method for highly sensitive and fast detection of E. coli based on the generation of a mass-enhancing product at the sensing interface that is quantified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. The insoluble product is formed through the reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with a horse radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated antibody that attaches to the bacteria captured on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface. Results indicate a signal enhancement of E. coli cells on the order of 250% as compared to the control samples. In addition, this signal enhancement was consistent for over six orders of concentration range. The limit of detection for E. coli is determined to be 10 3 cfu/mL by this method, offering excellent detection sensitivity for probing actual E. coli levels in produce and other real world samples. The method was further demonstrated for E. coli measurement in the complex matrix of spinach leaves where a dynamic range over three orders of magnitude of concentrations was obtained with a limit of detection of 10 4 cfu/mL. This approach is simple, fast and sensitive; given the relative simple procedure of adding an HRP tag to an antibody, it opens new route for detection of low levels of biomolecules, in particular bacteria and viruses, in a complex matrix.
Is extinction the hallmark of operant discrimination?: Reinforcement and SΔ effects

Using a successive discrimination procedure with rats, three experiments investigated the contribution of reinforcement rate and amount of SΔ exposure on the acquisition of an operant discrimination. SD components and were always 2 min in length, while SΔ (extinction) components were either 1 min or 4 min in length; responses in SD were reinforced on one of four schedules. In Experiment 1, each of eight groups were exposed to one possible combination of rate of reinforcement and SΔ component length. At every level of reinforcement, the 4 min SΔ groups acquired the discrimination more quickly. However, within each level of reinforcement, the proportions of responding in SD as a function cumulative SΔ exposure were equivalent, regardless of the number of reinforcers earned in SD, suggesting that extinction is the “hallmark” of discrimination. Experiment 2 sought to replicate these results in a within-subjects design, and although the 4 min SΔ conditions always produced superior discriminations, the lack of discriminated responding in some conditions suggested that stimulus disparity was reduced. Experiment 3 clarified those results and extended the finding that the acquisition of operant discrimination closely parallels extinction of responding in SΔ. In sum, it appears that higher reinforcement rates and longer SΔ exposure facilitate the acquisition of discriminated operant responding.
Emissions profile from new and in-use handheld, 2-stroke engines

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize exhaust emissions from a series of handheld, 2-stroke small engines. A total of 23 new and used engines from model years 1981–2003 were studied; these engines spanned three phases of emission control (pre-control, phase-1, phase-2). Measured emissions included carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Emissions reductions in CO (78%) and HC (52%) were significant between pre-control and phase-2 engines. These reductions can be attributed to improvements in engine design, reduced scavenging losses, and implementation of catalytic exhaust control. Total hydrocarbon emissions were strongly correlated with fuel consumption rates, indicating varying degrees of scavenging losses during the intake/exhaust stroke. The use of a reformulated gasoline containing 10% ethanol resulted in a 15% decrease in HC and a 29% decrease in CO emissions, on average. Increasing oil content of 2-stroke engine fuels results in a substantial increase of PM2.5 emissions as well as smaller increases in HC and CO emissions. Results from this study enhance existing emission inventories and appear to validate predicted improvements to ambient air quality through implementation of new phase-2 handheld emission standards.
Structure-Based Mechanism for Retroviral Primer Annealing

In order to prime reverse transcription, retroviruses require annealing of a tRNA molecule to the U5-primer binding site (U5-PBS) region of the viral genome. The residues essential for primer annealing are initially locked in intramolecular interactions, and hence, annealing requires the chaperone activity of the retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) protein to facilitate structural rearrangements. Understanding the mechanism of primer annealing has been a challenging problem, both due to the relatively low probability of these domains crystallizing and the complexity of studying them by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In my talk, I will detail the NMR experiments that led to the discovery of the mechanism used by the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) NC protein. I will show that unlike classical chaperones, the MLV-NC uses a unique mechanism, in which it specifically targets multiple structured regions in both the U5-PBS and tRNAPro primer that otherwise sequester residues necessary for annealing. This high-specificity and high-affinity binding by NC consequently liberates these sequestered residues_which are exactly complementary_for intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, I will show that NC utilizes a step-wise, entropy-driven mechanism to trigger both residue-specific destabilization and residue-specific release.
Reaction of electron-transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase with the mitochondrial respiratory chain

Abstract Submitochondrial particles catalyze the reduction of electron-transfer flavorprotein (ETF) by NADH and succinate under anaerobic conditions in reactions that are totally inhibited by rotenone and thenoyl trifluoroacetone, respectively. The particles also catalyze the ATP-dependent reduction of NAD + by enzymatically reduced ETF. The latter reaction is inhibited by rotenone and carbonyl cyanide chlorophenyl-hydrazone and all three reactions are inhibited by antibody to electrontransfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). These observations indicated that ETF-QO reacts with the pool of ubiquinone that is reduced by NADH and succinic dehydrogenases. Consistent with this hypothesis, NADH- and succinic-ETF reductase activities are inhibited 99% in ubiquinone-depleted particles, and reincorporation of exogenous ubiquinone restores at least 90% of these activities. Reduction of the bc 1 complex by ETF and acyl CoA oxidase activity are also inhibited by antibody to ETF-QO. Myxothiazole and antimycin which inhibit the quinonol oxidation and quinone reduction sites, respectively, in the bc 1 complex also inhibit electron transport from ETF-QO through the complex according to current models of the Q-cycle (Rich, P.R. (1986) J. Bioenerg. Biomembranes 18, 145–156). The results show that ETF-QO is an obligatory component of the electron transport pathway between ETF and the ubiquinone pool and suggest a mechanism for the steady-state turnover of ETF-QO.
Task-Related Differences in Children's Performance on Three Verbal Mediation Problems

The present study was an investigation of the generalizability of the theoretical construct verbal mediation. Sixty third-grade male and female Ss performed three tasks: category clustering, paired-associates (A-B, B-C, A-C paradigm), and intermediate-size transposition. These tasks have been theoretically related to mediational processes, since verbal mediation has been hypothesized to facilitate performance at each of the tasks. The performance data across the three tasks and intelligence test scores were submitted to a correlational analysis. None of the correlations were significantly different from zero. It was concluded that theoretical explanations derived from performance on one type of task may not generalize to describe performance on other related types of tasks.
Processes of identification on the U.S.-Mexico border

Abstract This article reviews relevant literature on border identity issues written on both sides of the border in the past 15 years. First, approaches taken by theorists like Gloria Anzaldua, Renato Rosaldo, and others who advanced important ideas such as hybridity and “border crossing,” are criticized. Second, the work of empirically oriented U.S. and Mexican scholars, such as Oscar Martinez, Carlos Velez-Ibanez, Jorge Bustamante, is examined critically. Finally, the author, relying on more than 6 years of ethnographic research in the border area, advances his own understanding of how best to conduct research on identity construction issues on the U.S.-Mexico border. The author discusses the importance of the narrative plots of border inhabitants, the role played by certain Master Signifiers and hegemonic narrative plots in the “quilting” of coherent identity discourses, and the like. The author concludes by calling for research on how different locally available discursive formations on the border are introduces into narratives through the actions (as accounted by the plot) of particular characters.
English, Spanish and ethno-racial receptivity in a new destination: A case study of Dominican immigrants in Reading, PA

Scant information is available on experiences with language among immigrant populations in new destinations. This study provides a multi-dimensional portrait of the linguistic incorporation of Dominican immigrants in the "majority-minority" city of Reading, Pennsylvania. The results show that daily life for most largely occurs in a Spanish-language milieu, but English proficiency and use in social networks is primarily a function of exposure to the United States. This is consistent with the standard narrative of assimilation models. At the same time, negative experiences with the use of both English and Spanish suggest that the linguistic context of reception is inhospitable for a substantial share of this population. Negative experiences with English are particularly likely to be mentioned by those with dark skin and greater cumulative exposure. Lastly, language plays an important role in experiences with ethno-racial enmity more broadly. Nonetheless, the persistent effect of skin tone indicates that such experiences are not reducible to language per se.
Characterization of (3H)-Spiperone Binding to Alpha1 - Adrenergic Receptors in a Smooth Muscle Cell Line

AbstractAlthough (3H)-spiperone has been demonstrated to interact at both dopamine (D2) and serotonin (S2) receptors, it remains a popular choice for characterization of the D2-receptor using both in vitro and in vivo assay techniques. Using a clonal smooth muscle cell culture line (DDT1 MF-2), which has previously viously been characterized as possessing α1- and β2-adrenergic receptors, we have found that (3H)-spiperone also has a significant affinity for α1-adrenergic receptors. Our results are consistent with other literature reports which have suggested that spiperone may interact at α1-receptors and we have characterized this interaction. We have also found an additional, high affinity binding site for spiperone on these cells which may represent a D2 - receptor. Characterization of this high-affinity site has been difficult since it is present in very low density. We conclude that (3H)-spiperone binds with high affinity to at least three known neurotransmitter receptor sites: D2-dopamine, S2-seroton...
Gas chromatographic analysis of gases in crystal inclusions

Abstract A technique is presented for analyzing gases trapped in inclusions in crystals. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of gases trapped in BeO crystals grown by the flux-method is presented.
Futurity Now: An Introduction

Futurity is pressing. This applies, first, because proliferating risks of nuclear danger, global warming, and the distant but scientifically predictable extinction of planet Earth will increasingly...
Activity of both mouse and Chinese hamster ribosomal RNA genes in somatic cell hybrids.

Abstract Nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) are actively expressed on both sets of parental chromosomes in mouse-Chines hamster hybrid cells retaining 85–95% of each parental complement. A hamster NOR, which is active in primary fetal hamster cells, but suppressed in the established AK412 line, is reactivated in these hybrids, demonstrating control of NOR expression.
The role of cortisol in stress-induced metabolic changes in Fundulus heteroclitus

Abstract Adult male Fundulus heteroclitus were found to respond to a number of nonspecific stress stimuli with transient elevations in serum cortisol levels. Metyrapone treatment suppressed stress-stimulated peaks but did not alter resting cortisol levels. Metyrapone elevated serum “11-deoxycortisol” levels. In a 30-hr stress experiment, fasted fish exposed to restraint stress exhibited marked hyperglycemia. Metyrapone-treated fish exposed to the same stress responded with an initial hyperglycemia but did not exhibit the sustained peak seen in untreated fish. Liver glycogen concentrations in stressed fish were somewhat higher than in metyrapone-treated, stressed fish. No significant changes occurred in muscle glycogen, serum protein, or amino acid content of serum, liver, or muscle in stressed fish. Cortisol appears to function during stress in this species to sustain the elevation in serum glucose.
Short-term recall as a function of covert rehearsal and of intervening task

Experiment I found that memory for trigrams was better if the intervening task was counting backward by 3's rather than by 7's. On the assumption that varying difficulty in the intervening task affects rehearsal ease, Ss in Experiment II were instructed to report rehearsals via button pressing. Intervening tasks consisted of counting backward by 3's or by 7's after auditory trigram presentation, and of shadowing after visual or auditory trigram presentation. The results indicated that: (a) More rehearsals occurred during shadowing than during counting backward. Within shadowing, more rehearsals occurred after visual than auditory presentation. Within counting backward, more rehearsals occurred while counting by 3's than by 7's. (b) Rehearsals were least effective while shadowing after auditory trigram presentation, while rehearsals were equally effective during the other three conditions. (c) On trials where no rehearsals were reported, recall following visual presentation was best.
Reevaluation of the Volume-Outcome Relationship for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

Over the last 3 decades, a growing body of work has demonstrated a relationship between volume and outcome for a variety of complex surgical procedures and medical conditions. Two large-scale reviews have systemically evaluated the methodology and results of many of these studies across a broad range of conditions.1,2 In 2000, Dudley et al1 found that, among 128 studies examining 40 different procedures or conditions, 80% reported a statistically significant relationship between higher institutional case volume and better clinical outcomes; none of the published studies reported an association between higher volume and worse outcomes. In 2002, Halm et al2 evaluated 135 studies for 27 procedures or conditions, many of which were included in the previous review; a preliminary version of this report served as the focus of an Institute of Medicine workshop examining the volume-outcome relationship in the context of healthcare quality.3 The authors concluded that 70% of comparisons examining either institutional or physician case volume noted a statistically significant relationship between higher volume and better outcomes. Once again, none of the reports found the opposite to be true. Article p 2652 Pediatric cardiac surgery is the only surgical procedure performed in children for which a volume-outcome relationship has been documented. In 4 large studies conducted in the United States (2 studies4,5 included in the review by Dudley et al,1 3 studies4–6 in the Halm et al2 review, and 1 study7 published subsequent to these reviews), larger annual surgical case volumes were associated with substantial reductions in in-hospital mortality. These results were quite consistent despite the fact that the studies used different data sources, different patient selection, different risk adjustment methods, and different definitions of volume. Jenkins et al4 used aggregated hospital discharge data from California (1988) and Massachusetts (1989) …
Comparison of the roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis using transgenic mice.

Abstract Objective: To study the role of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) in host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Design: M. tuberculosis infection (i.v.) was compared in B6 control and two strains of knockout (KO) mice. X-CGD mice with a nonfunctional allele for the gp91phox subunit of the phagocyte oxidase cytochrome b are unable to produce ROI whereas iNOS KO mice lack a functional inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and fail to make RNI. Results: M. tuberculosis growth was markedly enhanced in the lungs of X-CGD mice compared to B6 mice, but was controlled in the spleen and liver. In iNOS KO mice, M. tuberculosis growth was exacerbated in the spleen, but was unremarkable in the lungs compared to B6 mice until later (Day 60) in the infection. In vitro, X-CGD alveolar and peritoneal macrophages (MΦ) produced no ROI, but did produce RNI and inhibited growth of M. tuberculosis when activated with interferon gamma. iNOS KO MΦ produced ROI, but failed to produce RNI and could not cope with M. tuberculosis in vitro when activated. The inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth observed in activated B6 and X-CGD MΦ) was reversed in the presence of aminoguanidine. Conclusion: These KO mouse strains demonstrate the relative potent effects of ROI and RNI in resistance to M. tuberculosis and should prove useful for the study of regulatory and compensatory mechanisms of immunity.
Maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and parenting: A conceptual framework

PURPOSE: Emerging evidence suggests that maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities are critical to the development and maintenance of parenting practices and may be related to parents' ability to seek and use parenting help. The purpose of this paper is to present a cohesive conceptual framework on the intersection of maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and parenting based on a review of literature. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of articles published between 2000 and February 2014 that addressed maternal emotion and cognitive control and parenting. The 35 articles identified were assigned a methodological quality score. RESULTS: Low maternal emotion and cognitive control capacity is associated with increased risk of engaging in child maltreatment, whereas higher maternal emotion and cognitive regulation is associated with sensitive, involved parenting. Contextual factors, such as SES and household organization, play a complex and not clearly understood role on the association between maternal cognitive control and parenting. A conceptual framework was developed based on the results of the literature review. CONCLUSIONS: The conceptual framework developed can be used to inform future research and practice. Longitudinal studies that assess the temporal relationship of maternal emotion and cognitive control and parenting are necessary to establish causality. Research that addresses how maternal emotion regulation and cognitive control capacities are related to mothers' enrollment and participation in parenting and early intervention programs is an important next step to strengthening policy and intervention work. Language: en
The Cold War at Home: The Red Scare in Pennsylvania, 1945-1960

One of the most significant industrial states in the country, with a powerful radical tradition, Pennsylvania was, by the early 1950s, the scene of some of the fiercest anti-Communist activism in the United States. Philip Jenkins examines the political and social impact of the Cold War across the state, tracing the Red Scare's reverberations in party politics, the labor movement, ethnic organizations, schools and universities, and religious organizations. Among Jenkins's most provocative findings is the revelation that, although their absolute numbers were not large, Communists were very well positioned in crucial Pennsylvania regions and constituencies, particularly in labor unions, the educational system, and major ethnic organizations. Instead of focusing on Pennsylvania's right-wing politicians (the sort represented nationally by Senator Joseph McCarthy), Jenkins emphasizes the anti-Communist activities of liberal politicians, labor leaders, and ethnic community figures who were terrified of Communist encroachments on their respective power bases. He also stresses the deep roots of the state's militant anti-Communism, which can be traced back at least into the 1930s. |Examines the full range of anti-Communist activities during the Cold War period in Pennslvania, a state where Communists were well positioned in crucial regions and constituencies.
Erratum to: The organization of room geometry and object layout geometry in human memory

Research with humans and with nonhuman species has suggested a special role of room geometry in spatial memory functioning. In two experiments, participants learned the configuration of a room with four corners, along with the configuration of four objects within the room, while standing in a fixed position at the room’s periphery. The configurations were either rectangular (Experiment 1) or irregular (Experiment 2). Room geometry was not recalled better than object layout geometry, and memories for both configurations were orientation dependent. These results suggest that room geometry and object layout geometry are represented similarly in human memory, at least in situations that promote long-term learning of object locations. There were also some differences between corners and objects in orientation dependence, suggesting that the two sources of information are represented in similar but separate spatial reference systems.
Interaction of ethacrynic acid with bovine brain tubulin.

Abstract Ethacrynic acid is a diuretic agent that reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins, and which shows promise of effectiveness in the treatment of glaucoma. Ethacrynic acid is a known inhibitor of microtubule assembly in vitro (Xu et al., Arch Biochem Biophys296: 462-67, 1992). We have used N,N′-ethylenebis (iodoacetamide) (EBI) as a probe to examine the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin; EBI can form two intra-chain cross-links in β-tubulin. One of these, β ∗ , connects Cys239 with Cys354; the other, βs, joins Cys12 with either Cys201 or Cys211 (Little and Luduena, EMBO J4: 51–56, 1985; Biochim Biophys Acta912: 28–33, 1987). Formation of β ∗ inhibits microtubule assembly in vitro, consistent with the hypothesis that Cys239 has an assembly-critical sulfhydryl (Bai et al., Biochemistry28: 5606–5612, 1989). We have examined the interaction of ethacrynic acid with the sulfhydryl groups of bovine brain tubulin. We found that 130 μM ethacrynic acid gave half-maximal inhibition of assembly, but had no effect on the formation of the β ∗ cross-link by EBI. Ethacrynic acid, however, did inhibit substantially formation of the βs cross-link at this concentration and half-maximally inhibited it at approximately 185 μM. Half-maximal inhibition of the alkylation of tubulin sulfhydryls by iodo [14C]acetamide was obtained at an ethacrynic acid concentration in the range of 190–325 μM. These results indicate that ethacrynic acid can inhibit microtubule assembly by reacting with sulfhydryl groups other than those of Cys239 and Cys354 and suggest that other sulfhydryl groups in tubulin could be assembly-critical. These results also raise the possibility that these other assembly-critical sulfhydryls may be those of Cys12, Cys201 or Cys211.
TAKE SOME-A FORMAT AND FAMILY OF GAMES

“Take Some” is a very simple kind of game with probabilistic outcomes. The expected payoffs can be adjusted to conform to some but not all matrix games. Both Prisoner’s dilemma and chicken can be played in Take Some format. The format closely parallels certain aspects of real world situations. p*J XPERIMENTAL games are typically preE sented to subjects in matrix format. In this paper we shall describe a different format, called Take Some, which closely parallels significant aspects of real world situations. Prisoner’s dilemma can be played in both matrix and Take Some formats and Guyer, Fox, and Hamburger (1974) have found that cooperation levels are substantially higher with Take Some. The well known game of chicken can also be put into Take Some format, but some other games which havc attracted experimental work cannot be reformulated in this way and thus are not membcrs of the Take Some family. In this paper we shall examine the constraints imposed by the Take Some format. INTRODUCTORY EXAMPLE
Effect of Lecithin Addition and Homogenization of Bulk Starter on Agglutination

Abstract Effect of lecithin addition and homogenization of bulk culture on agglutination was studied. Proteinase-negative Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris UC310 was grown in internal pH control medium containing 0, .5, 1.0, and 2.0% deoiled lecithin. After incubation, one-half of each medium was homogenized at 176 kg/cm 2 , dual stage. Skim milk was pasteurized (63°C for 30min), homogenized (176 kg/cm 2 ), and inoculated (10%) with bulk starters. The pH was measured at 5-cm increments (5 to 40cm) through the depth of the skim milk at 2-h intervals to determine agglutination. Homogenization of bulk culture prevented agglutination and increased colony-forming units per milliliter by approximately .9 log 10 . Bulk culture containing lecithin reduced agglutination and increased colony-forming units per milliliter greater than .3 log 10 ; however, with homogenization and lecithin the increase in colony-forming units per milliliter was over 1 log 10 . In other experiments, where bulk starters were homogenized at 0, 35, 106, 176, 246, and 317 kg/cm 2 , a pressure of 176 kg/cm 2 or greater was most effective in increasing colony-forming units. Bulk culture homogenized at 176 kg/cm 2 three and six times was equally effective in reducing agglutination, but the 6× treatment resulted in a decreased rate of acid production suggesting some cellular destruction. Increase in colony-forming units per milliliter was due to decreased chain length of the lactic culture.