cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of a lying hip abduction system in children with bilateral cerebral palsy: a pilot study

Fourteen children aged 4 to 14 years with hip subluxation due to cerebral palsy (CP) were considered for a trial in a lying hip abduction system (Jenx Dreama, Jenx Limited, Sheffield, UK). Baseline data were recorded for 6 months, then assessments of the system were made for one year at 6 and 12 months. Assessments consisted of hip radiographs in the standard position, a parental questionnaire, and a sleep chart, which was completed by parents every Friday night during the trial. Three children could not enter the trial because of general sleep problems, and three could not complete it because they were unable to sleep with the system. One further child withdrew from the study just before the end because of unacceptable deterioration for which surgery was needed. The remaining seven children completed the trial and there was an overall improvement in rate of hip migration percentage on the right from 7% per annum in the baseline period to -4% with the system (p<0.05). On the left, changes were -3% and 0% respectively (ns). Average sleep at night changed from 9 to 9.4 hours (ns) and wakenings/night from 1 to 1.3 (ns). On the parental questionnaire, there were significant improvements noted with the system in position for seating and sleeping, ease of hip abduction for washing, and with pain reduction. This pilot study supports the use of this type of lying system but further studies are needed to establish the acceptability and efficacy of these systems, particularly in children aged 2 to 5 years when irreversible bony deformities of the hip tend to occur.
Software/Hardware Co-Scheduling for Reconfigurable Computing Systems

A formal methodology for automatic hardware-software partitioning and co-scheduling between the P and the FPGA has not yet been established. Current work in automatic task partitioning and scheduling for the reconfigurable systems strictly addresses the FPGA hardware, and does not take advantage of the synergy between the microprocessor and the FPGA. In this work, we consider the problem of co-scheduling task graphs on reconfigurable systems. The target systems have an execution model which allows any subtask that can run on the FPGA to also run on the microprocessor, and allows reconfigurability of the FPGA (subject to area, performance, resource, and timing constraints). In this paper, we introduce a new heuristic algorithm for such hardware/software co-scheduling, ReCoS. It will be shown that the proposed algorithm provides up to an order of magnitude improvement in scheduling and execution times when compared with hardware/software co-schedulers found in the embedded systems area, after adapting them for reconfigurable computing.
Is blunted cardiovascular reactivity in depression mood-state dependent? A comparison of major depressive disorder remitted depression and healthy controls

Prior work has repeatedly demonstrated that people who have current major depression exhibit blunted cardiovascular reactivity to acute stressors (e.g., Salomon et al., 2009). A key question regards the psychobiological basis for these deficits, including whether such deficits are depressed mood-state dependent or whether these effects are trait-like and are observed outside of depression episodes in vulnerable individuals. To examine this issue, we assessed cardiovascular reactivity to a speech stressor task and a forehead cold pressor in 50 individuals with current major depressive disorder (MDD), 25 with remitted major depression (RMD), and 45 healthy controls. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure and impedance cardiography were assessed and analyses controlled for BMI and sex. Significant group effects were found for SBP, HR, and PEP for the speech preparation period and HR, CO, and PEP during the speech. For each of these parameters, only the MDD group exhibited attenuated reactivity as well as impaired SBP recovery. Reactivity and recovery in the RMD group more closely resembled the healthy controls. Speeches given by the MDD group were rated as less persuasive than the RMD or healthy controls' speeches. No significant differences were found for the cold pressor. Blunted cardiovascular reactivity and impaired recovery in current major depression may be mood-state dependent phenomena and may be more reflective of motivational deficits than deficits in the physiological integrity of the cardiovascular system.
Perceived Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Artistic Preference An Unexplained Contradiction

Two earlier holocultural studies showed that institutionalized artistic traditions within societies worldwide tend to be complex to the degree that parents are harsh or rejecting toward their children. The present intracultural study within the United States of America, however, shows that preference for complex works of art is associated with parental warmth and acceptance. These two research strategics (holocultural research and intracultural research) yield diametrically opposing but nonetheless significant results. No adequate explanation has yet demonstrated the reasons for these contradictory results.
Children with congenital heart disease: a nutrition challenge.

Growth in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is often compromised. For several decades, investigators have tried to identify the factors affecting growth in children with CHD. Cardiac malformations are undoubtedly responsible for malnutrition, which may range from mild undernutrition to severe failure to thrive (FTT). Malnutrition may then significantly undermine the outcome of corrective surgical operations and postoperative recovery. Mechanisms linking CHD to malnutrition may be related either to decreased energy intake and/or to increased energy requirements. Decreased energy intake can involve deficiencies of specific nutrients, or insufficient total caloric intake. Increased respiratory rate accompanying congestive heart failure may be responsible for increased energy requirements. Different types of cardiac malformations and consequent interventions may have different effects on growth and require diverse strategies. Most treatment strategies aim to facilitate “catch-up” growth, providing extra calories and protein that exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance for age. However, there is no generally accepted set of guidelines that define appropriate caloric intake for catch-up growth. We attempt to identify the most important causes of malnutrition and highlight the most effective nutrition strategies for children with CHD.
Clinical and Sensorimotor Gating Effects of Ketamine in Normals

The clinical similarities between PCP psychosis and schizophrenia have contributed importantly to the development of the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. Sensory gating, as measured by prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (PPI), is impaired in patients with schizophrenia. In animals, the noncompetitive NMDA antagonists PCP and ketamine disrupt PPI in a way that resembles the defect seen in schizophrenia. The purpose of this work is to investigate the modulation of sensory gating in humans by subanaesthetic doses of ketamine. 16 healthy male subjects received a 60-min infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or normal saline on two separate days in a randomized double-blind crossover design. Clinical ratings and PPI were done during the infusion on both days. Ketamine produced robust clinical effects. Dissociative symptoms as measured by the CADSS increased from 0 ± 0.0 to 29.3 ± 14.3; negative symptoms (Affect Rating Scale) increased from 17.2 ± 0.8 to 24.8 ± 3.1; and total BPRS scores increased from 18.3 ± 0.8 to 26.4 ± 5.1. ANOVAs for these ratings were all significant at the p < .000 level, although BPRS increases were not in the range seen in decompensated schizophrenic patients. The amplitudes of the startle responses to pulse-alone stimuli were not significantly different on ketamine and placebo days. Ketamine did not cause disruption in PPI as expected. On the contrary, in the first block of the PPI session ketamine significantly enhanced PPI (ANOVA; F=6.15, p = .026). These results indicate that the clinical effects of ketamine are not coupled with schizophrenic-like disruption of PPI in normal controls.
Solubility in Binary Solvent Mixtures: Anthracene Dissolved in Alcohol + Acetonitrile Mixtures at 298.2 K

Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in six binary alcohol + acetonitrile solvent mixtures at 25 °C. The alcohol cosolvents studied were methanol, ethanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, and 4-methyl-2-pentanol. Results of these measurements are used to test a mathematical representation based upon the combined nearly ideal binary solvent (NIBS)/Redlich−Kister equation. For the six systems studied, the combined NIBS/Redlich−Kister equation was found to mathematically describe the experimental data to within an overall average absolute deviation of approximately ±0.7%.
Structural Clarity of Interdisciplinary Teams: A Research Note:

Previous studies of scientists in formal organizations have stressed the conflict between the scientist's professional needfor autonomy and the organization's needfor an efficient-often bureaucratic-formal structure. In this paper the importance of a clearly articulated formal structure (that need not be bureaucratic) in interdisciplinary research teams is discussed as a necessary condition for the development of adequate communication among team members. The authors argue that without a basic formal structure that is clear to all members, effective interaction and communication will not take place. Findings from a study of one interdisciplinary team are presented as illustrative of the ideas linking clarity offormal team structure, status problems, and interaction and communication within the team.
DNA flow cytometric study of the hyperplastic and neoplastic canine prostate.

Flow cytometric DNA measurements were carried out on 45 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine prostate tissues. The tissues were categorized as normal, hyperplastic, or neoplastic on the basis of light microscopic examination, and DNA ploidy was compared with histologic classification. Ten normal prostate samples showed diploid DNA histograms, but with proliferation greater than that found in the normal human prostate. Thirteen specimens of benign prostate hyperplasia showed diploid or near-diploid DNA histograms. Of 22 prostatatic carcinomas, 12 were diploid and 10 were aneuploid, with the majority of the aneuploidy being near-triploid. The frequency of DNA aneuploidy recognized in canine prostatic carcinoma is similar to findings in human prostatic carcinoma if all their grades of malignancy are included.
Generation of silent synapses by acute in vivo expression of CaMKIV and CREB

The transcription factor CREB is critical for several forms of experience-dependent plasticity in a range of species and is commonly activated in neurons by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV). Surprisingly, little is known about the neural circuit adaptations caused by activation of CaMKIV and CREB. Here, we use viral-mediated gene transfer in vivo to examine the consequences of acute expression of constitutively active forms of CaMKIV and CREB on synaptic function in the rodent hippocampus. Acute expression of active CaMKIV or CREB caused an enhancement of both NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses and long-term potentiation (LTP). This was accompanied by electrophysiological and morphological changes consistent with the generation of "silent synapses," which provide an ideal substrate for further experience-dependent modifications of neural circuitry and which may also be important for the consolidation of long-term synaptic plasticity and memories.
Design and Analysis of MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Systems With Quantized Feedback

This paper investigates the problem of transmit beamforming in multiple-antenna spatial multiplexing (SM) systems employing a finite-rate feedback channel. Assuming a fixed number of spatial channels and equal power allocation, we propose a new criterion for designing the codebook of beamforming matrices that is based on minimizing an approximation to the capacity loss resulting from the limited rate in the feedback channel. Using the criterion, we develop an iterative design algorithm that converges to a locally optimum codebook. Under the independent identically distributed channel and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) assumption, the effect on channel capacity of the finite-bit representation of the beamforming matrix is analyzed. Central to this analysis is the complex multivariate beta distribution and tractable approximations to the Voronoi regions associated with the code points. Furthermore, to compensate for the degradation due to the equal power allocation assumption, we propose a multimode SM transmission strategy wherein the number of data streams is determined based on the average SNR. This approach is shown to allow for effective utilization of the feedback bits resulting in a practical and efficient multiple-input multiple-output system design
ACCIDENTALLY TRUE BELIEF AND WARRANT

The Proper Functionist account of warrant - like many other externalist accounts - is vulnerable to certain Gettier-style counterexamples involving accidentally true beliefs. In this paper, I briefly survey the development of the account, noting the way it was altered in response to such counterexamples. I then argue that Alvin Plantinga's latest amendment to the account is flawed insofar as it rules out cases of true beliefs which do intuitively strike us as knowledge, and that a conjecture recently put forward by Thomas Crisp is also defective. I conclude by presenting my own suggestion as to how the account can be made less vulnerable to counterexamples involving accidentally true beliefs. Although I stay within the confines of Proper Functionism here, I think that my proposal (modulo a few details) could be attached to other externalist accounts of warrant as well. "Warrant" is Alvin Plantinga's term for the "elusive quality or quantity enough of which, together with true belief, is sufficient for knowledge" (Plantinga 1993b, v). According to Plantinga's Proper Functionist account of warrant, a belief B is warranted for a subject S if and only if the following conditions are met:
A new transthyretin mutation associated with leptomeningeal amyloidosis.

Abstract: Leptomeningeal amyloidosis associated with transthyretin mutations is an uncommon but fatal form of amyloidosis. Here we present a new mutation associated with hydrocephalus and dementia....
Dendritic Cell-Tumor Fusion Vaccines for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma is a malignant disease that demonstrates resistance to standard chemotherapeutic agents. A promising area of investigation is the use of cancer vaccines to educate host immunity to specifically target and eliminate malignant cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that are uniquely effective in generating primary immune responses. DCs that are manipulated to present tumor antigens induce antitumor immunity in animal models and preclinical human studies. A myriad of strategies have been developed to effectively load tumor antigen onto DCs, including the introduction of individual peptides, proteins, or tumor-specific genes, as well as the use of whole tumor cells as a source of antigen. A promising approach for the design of cancer vaccines involves the fusion of whole tumor cells with DCs. The DC-tumor fusion presents a spectrum of tumor-associated antigens to helper and cytotoxic T-cell populations in the context of DC-mediated costimulatory signals. In animal models, vaccination with DC-tumor fusions resulted in protection from tumor challenge and regression of established metastatic disease. We have conducted phase 1 dose escalation studies in which patients with metastatic breast and renal cancer underwent vaccination with DC-tumor fusions. Twenty-three patients underwent vaccination with autologous DC-tumor fusions. Vaccination was well tolerated without substantial treatment-related toxic effects. Immunologic responses and disease regression were observed in a subset of patients. Future studies will explore the effect of DC maturation and cytokine adjuvants on vaccine potency.
Business Communication: Present, Past, and Future.

Business communication has a long history, stretching back to the origins of rhetoric as a scholarly endeavor and, even further, back to the origins of business practice. Today, business communication exists in the United States as a university-level academic field that emphasizes writing instruction for undergraduate business students. For the future, business communication should continue to emphasize and to improve education in written composition while it strives to produce a larger quantity of excellent research.
The Impact of Sexual Assault, Sexual Assault Perpetrator Type, and Location of Sexual Assault on Ratings of Perceived Safety

The current study introduced the Safety Rating Scale and examined the influence of sexual assault, the location of assault, the relationship to perpetrator, and the impact of assault on perceived safety. Questionnaire packets, including the Safety Rating Scale, were completed by 314 female undergraduates (55% met assault criteria). Results indicated that sexually assaulted women felt less safe than those without an assault history. Women assaulted in their homes reported lower perceived home safety than women assaulted in another location. Furthermore, as the impact of the sexual assault increased, victims' feelings of perceived safety decreased. Finally, the prior relationship to the perpetrator was related to perceived safety.
Brood Rearing Associated with a Range of Worker-Larva Ratios in the Honeybee

SummarySmall colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera), each consisting of a caged queen to which bees had access and young workers ranging in number from 200 to 2800, were given 400 eggs to rear. Workers in small colonies ate more pollen and reared more brood per individual than did workers in large colonies. A positive correlation was found between pollen consumption by workers and number of progeny reared per worker. Progeny exhibited varying life-spans that were negatively correlated with pollen consumption and rearing efficiency of workers. Dry weight of progeny was also negatively correlated with these brood-rearing parameters. The results suggest that as workers rear increasing numbers of progeny, there is an associated decrease in progeny life-span and dry weight.
Relationship Between the Drinking Response to Angiotensin II and Induction of Fos in the Brain

One of the prominent actions of angiotensin (Ang) II in the central nervous system is the stimulation of water, and in some cases NaC1, intake (1, 2). Either peripheral or central administration of Ang II induces water intake in water-replete animals. The dipsogenic effect of peripheral Ang II is abolished by either lesions of, or Ang II receptor antagonism in, the subfornical organ (SFO). The SFO is a circumventricular organ, and the fenestrations between capillary endothelia allow leakage of circulating Ang II into the parenchyma in the core and posterior parts of the SFO. The SFO has a high density of Ang II receptors most or all of which are subtype 1 (AT-1R) in rats (3,4). The SFO has efferent connections to other forebrain areas known to be involved in either fluid intake or neuroendocrine action, including Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), supraoptic nucleus (SO) and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH). Some of these pathways are reciprocal, and some may use Ang II as a transmitter (5, 6).
Characteristics and Adaptive Significance of Latrines of Swamp Rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus)

Three different types of forests (mature, mixed upland, and cut-over) in central Arkansas were surveyed in June and October 1991 and February and May 1992 for latrines of swamp rabbits ( Sylvilagus aquaticus ). Swamp rabbits deposited >91% of their fecal pellets on logs. A greater density of pellets were found in February 1992 compared to other months. Length, height, diameter, decay class, and percent cover of moss on logs used as latrines by swamp rabbits were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict the likelihood that a log would be used as a latrine. Increasing decay class, percentage cover of moss, and diameter of logs were correlated with latrines of swamp rabbits. Height of logs did not distinguish between used and unused logs, but length and season were significant predictors of use of logs as latrines in forests of mature bottomland hardwood and cut-over bottomland. Spatial clumping of latrines and peak use during breeding were consistent with the hypothesis that latrines on logs serve as territorial markers. An alternative hypothesis that swamp rabbits elevated themselves on logs to increase their field of view and coincidentally deposited pellets on logs was tested experimentally with three obstruction treatments; visual + physical, only physical, and a control. Treatments were placed on 1-m sections of 54 logs that had been used as latrines in at least 2 of the 4 monthly surveys. Surveys conducted for 4 months after the installation of obstructions showed a significant interaction between use of a log as a latrine, treatment type, and month of survey.
Energy Transfer from Colloidal Quantum Dots to Near-Infrared-Absorbing Tetraazaporphyrins for Enhanced Light Harvesting

We investigate the mechanisms of energy transfer from CdSe quantum dots (QDs) to porphyrin derivatives as a potential antenna system with enhanced light-harvesting efficiency. Two ferrocenyl-containing tetraazaporphyrin derivatives, namely, magnesium 2(3),7(8),12(13),17(18)-tetraferrocenyl-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrin (TAPFcMg) and magnesium 2(3),7(8),12(13),17(18)-tetracyano-3(2),8(7),13(12),18(17)-tetraferrocenyl-5,10,15,20-tetraazaporphyrin (TAPFcCNMg), are used as energy acceptors in this proposed antenna system along with size-dependent QDs as donors. Our approach includes Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) calculations as well as photoluminescence (PL) intensity and lifetime quenching measurements. Our FRET calculations indicate that higher energy transfer efficiency can be achieved with smaller quantum dot size. However, PL intensity and lifetime measurements suggest that energy transfer efficiency in QD/tetraazaporphyrin complexes is regulated by a competing trap-assisted ultrafast quenching...
Morphogenesis in Yucca schidigera Roezl. Root Organ Cultures

Root development in suspension cultures of Yucca schidigera was light-mediated. The green cultures consisted of roots, small tissue aggregates and suspension cells. Roots possessed an apical meristem with a root cap, meristematic region and region of differentiating tissues. Phloem, xylem vessels and tracheids occurred in discrete polyarch vascular bundles. Xylary wall thickening was reticulate, and endodermis and pericycle were present. Roots of intact Y. schidigera plants had a similar distribution of vascular tissues. Dark-grown cultures were cream-coloured and contained only lobed tissue aggregates and suspension cells.
Exploration of some refinements to geometry optimization methods

The optimization of equilibrium geometries is a key first step in most investigations that utilize quantum chemistry calculations. We present three modifications to standard methods for geometry optimization: a flow chart approach to Hessian updating, a scaled RFO approach to controlling the step size and direction, and a quasi-rotation approach to handling the propagation of internal coordinate data over the course of the optimization. These modifications are compared against a standard optimization method. We provide a new test set for geometry optimization consisting of 20 structures which range from ca 20 atoms to ca 100 atoms.
The Adjustment of Desk Binding Machine

According to the experience of the adjustment of desk binding machine,this article elaborates on how to adjust desk binding machine in terms of machine,hydraulic pressure and electronic control in an effort to guide the upgrading of desk binding machine.
Who are the intended beneficiaries (targets) of employee health promotion and wellness programs

There is nearly no downside to clinically and economically effective health management programs since each stakeholder is a beneficiary: the family, the employee, the employer, the community, and the state. These programs drive both the cost and the revenue sides of the economic equation.
Temperature dependence of the single-particle spectrum in sodium clusters

We show that the electronic density of states of small sodium clusters is strongly affected by both thermal fluctuations about the ground state ionic configuration and transitions between different shape isomers as the temperature of the cluster is increased. Contrary to common expectations, the clusters undergo a sharp transition in the temperature range of 100K to 150 K, after which the single-particle level distributions become bimodal. At even higher temperatures the signature of the ground state configuration disappears, and the density of states is dominated by higher energy isomers. We also discuss the implications of these findings for the interpretation of the photoelectron spectra of these systems.
Melanocortin 1 Receptor: Structure, Function, and Regulation.

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a melanocytic Gs protein coupled receptor that regulates skin pigmentation, UV responses, and melanoma risk. It is a highly polymorphic gene, and loss of function correlates with a fair, UV-sensitive, and melanoma-prone phenotype due to defective epidermal melanization and sub-optimal DNA repair. MC1R signaling, achieved through adenylyl cyclase activation and generation of the second messenger cAMP, is hormonally controlled by the positive agonist melanocortin, the negative agonist agouti signaling protein, and the neutral antagonist β-defensin 3. Activation of cAMP signaling up-regulates melanin production and deposition in the epidermis which functions to limit UV penetration into the skin and enhances nucleotide excision repair, the genomic stability pathway responsible for clearing UV photolesions from DNA to avoid mutagenesis. Herein we review MC1R structure and function and summarize our laboratory’s findings on the molecular mechanisms by which MC1R signaling impacts nucleotide excision repair.
Colluder Detection for Nonlinear Collusion Attacks

We investigate the problem of colluder identification for digital fingerprinting systems under nonlinear collusion attacks. Formulating colluder detection as a binary hypothesis testing problem, we derive the log-likelihood ratio tests for various nonlinear collusion attacks. Utilizing the approximate distribution of the order statistics, we obtain suboptimal detecktion statistics with low complexity. Compared with the existing correlation-based detectors, these detectors provide substantial improvement in both detection performance and computational complexity.
Relaxor ferroelectric-based ceramics

: Ferroelectric relaxor characteristics are discussed in conjunction with the disordered arrangement of the constituent ions. Dielectric properties are characterized by giant and temperature-insensitive dielectric constants and large frequency dependence (referred to as dielectric relaxation). These properties are consistently explainable by the dynamic response of very small spindle-like domains. Superior characteristics in electrostriction and electrooptic effects are also discussed.
Patient-reported symptom frequency and distress after open and minimally invasive esophagectomy.

e17724 Background: We sought to describe and compare longitudinal treatment-related symptom frequency (Sym-F) and distress (Sym-D) after open esophagectomy (OE) or minimally invasive esophagectomy ...
Behavioral genetics and thumb sucking in adolescents

Thumb sucking is a common habit developed by children and begins as early as in utero. However, it becomes problematic when a child continues to suck their thumb past the age of 4 years, when their secondary dentition is developing and preparing to erupt. Prolonged thumb sucking into adolescence can have deleterious effects on dental and skeletal structures based on the duration and how frequent the child engages in this nonnutritive sucking habit. Thumb sucking can lead to various types of effects such as increased overjet, anterior open bite, posterior cross bite, maxillary arch constriction, high palatal vault, and Class II malocclusion. This paper presents a case study, which focuses on chronic thumb sucking in a family, the dental and skeletal changes that the family members experienced, and whether or not this prolonged behavior can be genetically influenced. Based on this case study and the field of behavioral genetics it is possible that there can be a genetic component to the duration of thumb sucking into adolescence.
Biosensors based on β-galactosidase enzyme: Recent advances and perspectives.

Abstract Many industries are striving for the development of more reliable and robust β-galactosidase biosensors that exhibit high response rate, increased detection limit and enriched useful lifetime. In a newfangled technological atmosphere, a trivial advantage or disadvantage of the developed biosensor may escort to the survival and extinction of the industry. Several alternative strategies to immobilize β-galactosidase enzyme for their utilization in biosensors have been developed in recent years in the quest of maximum utility by controlling the defects seen in the previous biosensors. The overwhelming call for on-line measurement of different sample constituents has directed science and industry to search for best practical solutions and biosensors are witnessed as the best prospect. The main objective of this paper is to serve as a narrow footbridge by comparing the literary works on the β-galactosidase biosensors, critically analyze their use in the construction of best biosensor by showing the pros and cons of the predicted methods for the practical use of biosensors.
Queer in translation; Translating the queer: body politics and transnational conversations

Queer in Translation and Translating the Queer examine, in different ways, how translation studies and queer theory can inform one another when analyzing cultural representations of queerness in ma...
ARACHIDONIC ACID IN THE DIET OF CAPTIVE CALIFORNIA YELLOWTAIL Seriola dorsalis AND ITS EFFECTS ON EGG QUALITY

AbstractMarine finfish require long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) for normal physiological function, and because these LC-PUFAs cannot be synthesized by the fish they must be obtained from the diet. Three LC-PUFAs—arachidonic acid (ARA; c20:4 n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (c20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (c22:6 n-3) are especially important for growth and development of marine fish embryos and larvae. Here we supplemented ARA in the diet of California yellowtail (CYT; Seriola dorsalis), to determine whether ARA levels have an effect on egg and larval quality.Two experimental diets were offered to replicate groups of CYT held in 10 m3 tanks under ambient water temperature and photoperiod conditions. The reference diet (REF-D; 1.4 g ARA 100 g−1 total fatty acids) was a commercial premix (Bio Vita Starter Mash; Bio-Oregon) without ARA supplementation, the ARA diet (ARA-D; 4.7 g 100 g−1 total fatty acids) was the commercial premix with 1.0% concentrated ARA oil (40% ARA, w/w) added.Fish in th...
Exploring Instructors’ Practices in Student Engagement: A Collective Case Study

Instructors use various strategies to improve learning. To explore what instructors perceived as critical aspects of engaging instruction, we conducted a qualitative case study with seven instructors in the United States. Data was collected through individual face-to-face interviews. The conversations were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The analyses of the transcriptions were conducted using the constant comparative method. Findings from the study varied. Yet, participants agreed that an engaging instructor must focus on learning; consider various aspects of students’ personal development including their cognitive, social, and emotional development; and take care of different student learning styles, for example, visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Participants stressed the importance of student engagement. Body language, verbal and non-verbal cues, and eye contact were the main parameters used by the participants to evaluate student engagement. Participants also emphasized the importance of asking questions and assessing instructional effectiveness by evaluating the questions asked by students.
TWO TEMPORALITIES, TWO RATIONALITIES: A NEW LOOK AT NEWCOMB'S PARADOX

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the rationality and reversibility of time. Intuitively, it seems that economists operate with a type of time that flows in the opposite direction from that in which phenomena actually occur. The chapter also discusses the extent to which this intuition can be given a precise formulation and a sound foundation. The rational actor of economic theory is guided by his ends and reasons in regressive fashion, from the future toward the present. Estimating the impact that the consequences of his actions will have on the ends that he is pursuing, he works backward from the desired consequences to the actions that produce them. This temporality, the temporality of projects and of rational decisions, does indeed seem to run against the current when compared to the flow of phenomena. One manifestation of this reverse motion is the temporally retrograde character of much of the reasoning employed in rational choice theory, strategic or not.
Refixation von SLAP-läsionen

Die chirurgische Refixation von SLAP-Lasionen hat zuletzt durch eine Verbesserung der Operationstechniken und des Instrumentariums eine Zunahme erfahren. Nur wenige Studien untersuchen jedoch die Ergebnisse nach der Refixation von SLAP-Lasionen. Diese Arbeit fasst Therapieempfehlungen fur SLAP-Lasionen zusammen und gibt einen Uberblick uber die Ergebnisse nach SLAP-Refixation.
Persistence: Defining the multidimensional construct and creating a measure

Abstract Persistence is often viewed as a behavioral event, whereby a person works through obstacles in the pursuit of a goal. This operationalization does not speak to persistence as an individual difference, but many researchers have observed people for which persistence appears habitual and is applied in the pursuit of all goals broadly. We suggest that several closely related constructs, such as grit and perseverance, may partially capture multiple dimensions of the overall construct of persistence. These dimensions are Persistence Despite Difficulties (PDD), Persistence Despite Fear (PDF), and Inappropriate Persistence (IP). In an initial study, we show that these three dimensions emerge in multiple measures for these closely related constructs, along with the construct of Goal Time Preference (GTP). Then, we create the Multidimensional Persistence Scale through a three-study process, showing that the scale has satisfactory psychometric properties and validity, and we support our three-dimensional conceptualization of persistence. Lastly, in two studies, we demonstrate that the three dimensions of persistence have notable and distinct relationships with personal well-being; however, only PDD appears to significantly influence organizational outcomes, supported through its significant relationship with organizational citizenship behaviors.
Evidence-based Care of the Human Trafficking Patient

Human trafficking is the intentional exploitation of vulnerable individuals for the personal gain of the exploiter and is now recognized as an emerging public health care priority. Health care providers are well positioned to identify and assist trafficked individuals as well as those who may be at risk for exploitation. Trauma informed care is essential to identify victims and evaluate the impact of traumatic stress while highlighting survivors' strengths and supporting their resiliency. Human trafficking demographics, including mental and physical health problems, health considerations, risk factors, screening, implications for practice, and national resources, are reviewed.
Right/Left Thoracotomy/Thoracoscopy, Resection of Paraspinal Thoracic Neuroblastoma

This chapter describes the surgical procedure. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: identification of the tumor, safe dissection of the tumor from neighboring vascular and pulmonary parenchymal structures, and identification and preservation of nervous and lymphatic anatomy.
Postpartum Transient Hypervagotonic Sinus Node Dysfunction Leading to Sinus Bradycardia: A Case Report.

Sinus bradycardia is common in children and adults, especially during sleep. The heart rate can drop below 30 beats per minute. Up to 35% of healthy individuals below 25 years of age, trained athletes, and those with a rare form of the familial syndrome with potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HCN4) mutation may have asymptomatic sinus bradycardia without any heart diseases. The increased vagal tone has been associated with profound bradycardia in various pathophysiologic settings including pain. Herein, we report the first case of a young Caucasian female with transient symptomatic bradycardia due to postpartum hypervagotonic sinus node dysfunction (SND).
Introduced predator elicits population-specific responses from prey

Predator induced responses by prey can reduce risk, however, newly introduced predators may not elicit the same predator responses, thus making prey more vulnerable to these new predators. Therefore, examining responses of different prey populations of the same species to a non-native predator may provide novel insights for the evolution of predator recognition. Here, we tested the response of three populations of a low-dispersing marine gastropod (Littorina saxatilis) to chemical cues from a native crab predator (Dyspanopeus sayi) and a newly introduced crab predator (Hemigrapsus sanguineus). Using geometric morphometrics to study shell shape changes, we found that snails from all populations responded similarly to the native predator but differed in their response to the non-native predator. Snails from two of the three populations elicited no response to H. sanguineus, while the other population produced a more rotund shell, similar to their response to the native predator. Shell shape response in snails exposed to the native predator was different from those fed a reduced diet, suggesting that these anti-predator responses are active changes to shell morphology and not a by-product of reduced feeding in the presence of predators as suggested by other studies. Lastly, there were innate population shell shape differences, suggesting possible distinct ecotypes for Littorina saxatilis in North America as seen in European populations. Overall, populations differed in their response to an invasive predator indicating that evolution of predator recognition can differ between populations of the same species with similar co-existent history with the invader.
Conflict in the Modern Middle East: An Encyclopedia of Civil War, Revolutions and Regime Change: edited by Jonathan K. Zartman, Santa Barbara, CA, ABC-CLIO, 2020, 409 pp., $97.00, £75.00, €85.00 (hardback), ISBN 9781440865022

This collection of entries dealing with conflict and violence in the Middle East and North Africa will prove to be a very useful volume that serves as an update for recent events in the region. The...
Intrinsic, Transitional, and Extrinsic Morphological Factors Associated With Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms.

BACKGROUND As diagnosis and treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms continues to increase, management principles remain largely based on size. This is despite mounting evidence that aneurysm location and other morphologic variables could play a role in predicting overall risk of rupture. Morphological parameters can be divided into 3 main groups, those that are intrinsic to the aneurysm, those that are extrinsic to the aneurysm, and those that involve both the aneurysm and surrounding vasculature (transitional). OBJECTIVE We present an evaluation of intrinsic, transitional, and extrinsic factors and their association with ruptured aneurysms. METHODS Using preoperative computed tomographic angiography, we generated 3-dimensional models of aneurysms and their surrounding vasculature with Slicer software. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we examined the association of intrinsic, transitional, and extrinsic aspects of aneurysm morphology with rupture. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2013, 227 cerebral aneurysms in 4 locations were evaluated/treated at a single institution, and computed tomographic angiographies of 218 patients (97 unruptured and 130 ruptured) were analyzed. Ruptured aneurysms analyzed were associated with clinical factors of absence of multiple aneurysms and history of no prior rupture, and morphologic factors of greater aspect ratio. On multivariate analysis, aneurysm rupture remained associated with history of no prior rupture, greater flow angle, greater daughter-daughter vessel angle, and smaller parent-daughter vessel angle. CONCLUSION By studying the morphology of aneurysms and their surrounding vasculature, we identified several parameters associated with ruptured aneurysms that include intrinsic, transitional, and extrinsic factors of cerebral aneurysms and their surrounding vasculature.
Robust kernel methods for sparse MR image reconstruction

A major challenge in contemporary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lies in providing the highest resolution exam possible in the shortest acquisition period. Recently, several authors have proposed the use of L1-norm minimization for the reconstruction of sparse MR images fromhighly-undersampled k-space data. Despite promising results demonstrating the ability to accurately reconstruct images sampled at rates significantly below the Nyquist criterion, the extensive computational complexity associated with the existing framework limits its clinical practicality. In this work, we propose an alternative recovery framework based on homotopic approximation of the L0-norm and extend the reconstruction problemto a multiscale formulation. In addition to several interesting theoretical properties, practical implementation of this technique effectively resorts to a simple iterative alternation between bilteral filtering and projection of themeasured k-space sample set that can be computed in a matter of seconds on a standard PC.
Some Practical Ways to Determine Coastal Current&#8217;s Vertical Structure

Remote sensing technology has made it possible to rapidly observe wide areas of the ocean surface. To determine subsurface conditions from these observations requires the application of hydrodynamic principles. For coastal currents, the viscous dynamics can be applied to efficiently project surface data downward to obtain the current's vertical structure in real time. This method has been developed for use with remotely sensed surface current data obtained from HF radars, and now is being extended to use remote sensing images. In this case, the surface currents are determined together with subsurface currents from the dynamic and conservation equations, as opposed to tracking or correlating image patterns in time. Alternatively, the surface data can be assimilated into a numerical coastal ocean model that solves for depth-dependent currents. But, presently, efficient assimilative computation appears to be feasible only with depth-integrated ocean models. In this case, a method can be developed to obtain current structure from the depth-integrated solution via the use of surface and bottom boundary stresses and associated shear equations. This method of determination can be practical as it requires only the depth-integrated solution and surface and bottom boundary conditions at the location of interest as input, in contrast to conventional modeling approach of determining currents over the whole model domain. Demonstration of the use of the various methods noted here will be given by means of numerical examples and comparisons with some field experimental data
Philosophy and psychotherapy : razing the troubles of the brain

PART ONE: FOUNDATIONAL QUESTIONS Autonomy, Free Choice and the Possibility of a Psychotherapeutic Science Values and Morals The Self in Psychotherapy Postmodernist Clinical Epistemology A Critique PART TWO: PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC PARADIGMS Behavior Modification and the New Behaviorism Cognitive Therapy and Behavior Therapy Psychoanalysis and the Psychodynamic Therapies EPILOGUE The Crisis in Psychotherapy
On the possible origin ofCP violation in neutral-kaon decay

The author's research program on elementary-particle physics from general relativity is applied to explain the violation ofCP symmetry in KL0 decay. Because the theory implies that all reflection symmetries are rejected in the irreducible (two-component spinor) form of the matter field equations, it follows that all bosons, including the pions and kaons, must be composites of spinor components. It is concluded from the analysis that the generalized interactions must contain odd as well as even terms under (all) reflections, and one of these is responsible for the 3π decay and the other is responsible for the 2π decay. But the pions themselves are composites of protons and antiprotons and the π0 of the 3π decay is the antisymmetric state of the composite (p+p−) that binds with two other pseudoscalar composites in the original KL0. In the 2π decay, the (p+p−) pair is still present, but in terms of a symmetric composite, rather than in terms of the π0 (antisymmetric) form. The latter (symmetric) state of the particle pair was derived in earlier studies from an exact solution of the nonlinear coupled spinor field equations for the particle-antiparticle pair in which it was found to correspond to an «unobserved» state—thus accounting for the disappearance of the π0 component, looking like a 2π decay. The ratio of theCP-violating part to theCP-conserving part of the decay rate of the long-lived neutral kaon is calculated within the context of this field theory in a semi-phenomenological way, and found to yield the same order of magnitude, ∼10−3, as the ratio that was observed by Cronin and Fitch.