cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thyroid thermogenesis in adult rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. Direct action of thyroid hormone in vitro

We have studied the effect of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) on the respiration of adult rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture prepared from hypothyroid rat liver. After addition of T3 to the culture medium at a concentration of 2 x 10(-7) M, oxygen consumption of the cultured cells increased detectably at 24 h and was maximal at 72--96 h, relative to control cultures (38.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 25.0 +/- 1.5 microliter/h.mg protein). The thyroid-responsive enzymes, Na+ + K+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaK-ATPase) and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), each exhibited increased activity in response to T3, in parallel with the change in oxygen consumption, whereas the activity of Mg-dependent ATPase was unaffected. These responses to T3 were dose dependent over similar concentration ranges, the half-maximal response for each occurring at ca 8 x 10(-10) M. In thyroid-treated cells, the observed increase in respiration was almost completely (90%) inhibited after addition of ouabain (10(-3) M) to the culture medium. It was found also that a 4-h exposure of the cultured hepatocytes to T3 was sufficient to elicit a significant thermogenic response, measured at a time (48 h later) when T3 was no longer present in the medium. The response to T3 occurred in fully defined culture medium and was independent of the presence or absence of hypothyroid rat serum, corticosterone, or insulin, and cellular ATP was unaffected by T3 in concentrations up to 2 x 10(-7) M. The findings document that adult rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture respond directly to thyroid hormone; the increases in respiration and NaK-ATPase activity elicited by T3 were cotemporal and apparently coordinate.
Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Graphical Approach

This chapter addresses mass-separating agents, lean phases for selectively removing certain components from a rich phase. It also defines the problem of synthesizing mass-exchange networks (MENs), and provides a graphical approach for synthesizing MENs. The MEN-targeting approach is based on the identification of performance targets ahead of design and without prior commitment to the final network configuration.
Higher Order Effects in β − γ Correlations Involving Allowed β Transitions

Higher order effects in allowed $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transitions may be generated by the interference of the allowed Gamow-Teller components with second-forbidden components. In strongly hindered $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transitions, this interference effect is expected to give rise to $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ directional correlations with measurable anisotropies. The $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ directional correlations of the hindered allowed $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition ($log\mathrm{ft}g8$) in the deformed nuclei ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{152}$, ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{154}$, and ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{160}$ were studied. The $\ensuremath{\beta}$-correlation factor $A_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}$, which characterizes the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition in the expression for the $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ directional correlation $W(\ensuremath{\theta})=1+A_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}A_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}{P}_{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$, was found to be vanishingly small in all cases, except that of ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{160}$. The results are: $A_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}=\ensuremath{-}0.017\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012$ for the 0.70-MeV $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{152}(logft=10.6)$; $A_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}=+0.016\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$ for the 0.20-MeV $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{152}(logft=9.6)$; $A_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}=0.007\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006$ for the 0.58-MeV $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{154}(logft=10.0)$; and $A_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}=+0.041\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015$ for the 0.566-MeV $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition of ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{160}(logft=8.1)$. A summary of $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ directional correlation measurements on allowed $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transitions is presented and the implications of the results are discussed. In most cases the experimental results suggest that the effects that cause the reduction of the allowed matrix elements are also operative in reducing the second-forbidden matrix elements.
Re-Conceptualizing “Cooling-Off Periods” in Serial Homicide

Cooling-off periods have been described as the state of returning to the offender’s usual way of life between homicides (Burgess, 2006) and are a crucial factor in defining serial homicide (Douglas, Ressler, Burgess, & Hartman, 1986). If the clinical aspect referring to the offender’s emotional and motivational state is removed, these episodes can be aptly termed time intervals between homicides. Factors such as geography, victim selection, and the offender’s level of social involvement may instead serve as more appropriate starting points for studying this concept. In the present study, these factors were examined using 16 series containing 90 time intervals with a reported median interval length between events of 34.5 days.
The Inner Magnetosphere Imager mission

Scientists have assembled an incomplete picture of the global composition and dynamics of the Earth’s magnetosphere in spite of 30 years of in situ measurements. Imaging the magnetosphere from space will enable scientists to better understand the global shape of the inner magnetosphere, its components, and processes. The proposed Inner Magnetosphere Imager (IMI) mission will obtain the first simultaneous images of the component regions of the inner magnetosphere and will enable scientists to relate these global images to internal and external influences, as well as local observations. The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is performing a conccpt definition study of the proposed mission. An instrument complement of approximately seven imagers will fly in an elliptical Earth orbit with an apogee of seven Earth radii ( R E ) and a perigee of approximately 4,800 km. Several spacecraft concepts are being considered for the mission. The first concept utilizes a spinning spacecraft with a despun platform. The second concept splits the instruments onto two smaller satellites-a spinning spacecraft and a complementary three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Launch options being assessed for the spacecraft range from a Delta I1 for the single and dual spacecraft concepts to dual Taurus launches for the two smaller spacecraft. W
Investigate of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors( ACEI) and vasopeptidas inhibitors(VPI)

Objective To introduce new method for treatment hypertension and heart failure . The research and development of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors( ACEI )was compared with World and Chain. In order to be impersonality realized development of relevant ACEI drugs in Chain pharmacy company. Methods The research and development of ACEI and vasopeptidas inhibitors( VPI) were reviewed. Result VPI simulta- neously inhibits ACE and neutral endopeptidase(NEP). Conclusion VPI may be more effective than A ACEI in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.
Clinical diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia of children

Objective To study the clinical diagnosis and drug treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) of children.Methods To review relative literature. Result The clinical diagnosis of MP in children have three criterias:1,the symptom and physical sign of MP.2,check of chest X-ray.3,laboratory examinations: blood serum cold agglutination test; detective blood serum MP antibody (main IgM); polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detective MP .macrolides antibacterials are used to treament.Conclusion Serolog examinations are essential and certain. Erythromycin is still first selective drug,because it is more effective and cheap cost. But Erythromycin 's adverse drug reactions 's incident rate are high,specially gastrointestinal tract reaction .Azithromycin should be used easily , because it have long the serum half life and administration daily and good compliance and lower incident rate of adverse drug reactions.
Searching for a Better Bias

The problem of searching for a better bias, described in Chapter 1, is not yet well enough understood to be addressed comprehensively. To isolate a manageable research problem, it is necessary to make specific design choices and simplifications. Section 3.1 presents major design decisions, specifies the choices that were made, and discusses the reasons for those choices. Section 3.2 presents the RTA Method (Recommend, Translate, Assimilate) for shifting bias, which depends on the design choices outlined in section 3.1. The research is exploratory and can be characterized as an existence proof for demonstrating the thesis (page 9) subject to the specified simplifications.
Salvageability of renal function following renal revascularisation in children with Takayasu’s arteritis-induced renal artery stenosis

Background . Renal artery revascularisation procedures are usually carried out on children with renal artery stenosis from varied causes, including Takayasu’s arteritis. Reports on the outcome of such procedures in children usually refer to the improvement in blood pressure, with only minimal mention of effects on renal function. Objective . Salvageability renal function in children who underw ent renal revascularisation for Takayasu’s arteritis-induced renal artery stenosis (TARAS) was the focus of this study. Methods . We undertook a retrospective analysis of children aged ≤16 years with angiographically confirmed TARAS who underwent renal artery revascularisation procedures between 1990 and 2010. Outcomes of renal function were studied over a period of 2 years and were defined as: (i) improvement: >20% increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) from presurgery value; (ii) stabilisation: e-GFR within 20% of presurgery value; and (iii) failure: >20% deterioration in e-GFR from presurgery value. The GFR was estimated using the Schwartz formula. Results . Twenty children (9 males and 11 females, age range 2 - 14 years) had 27 renal artery revascularisation procedures. Thirteen of the patients (65.0%) had bilateral renal artery stenosis. The baseline mean e-GFR was 88.6 (standard deviation (SD) 25.4) mL/min/1.73 m 2 and the mean duration of follow-up was 28.80 (SD 25.62) months. All the patients had stable or improved renal function until the 2-year follow-up, when the proportion decreased to 92.3% (12/13), as failure was recorded in one child. Bilateral revascularisation was found to be significantly associated with improvement in renal function in the early postoperative period (p=0.04). Conclusion . Renal artery revascularisation procedures are successful in salvaging renal function in children with TARAS
Interactive information visualization for exploratory intelligence data analysis

This paper describes an experimental exploratory information visualization system under development at PNNL for integrating multimedia data and visualizing the contents of large multimedia databases. Our system prototype, named Starlight, represents multimedia corpora graphically as collections of icons in 3-space. Each icon in the information display represents an individual element of a multimedia database. The proximity of any two icons in the display is an indication of their general similarity, providing fast access to thematically related information. We extend the effectiveness of this approach by coupling it with a linkage display system to enable the simultaneous visualization of database structure and contents at multiple levels of abstraction. The utility of the system is further extended by enabling a variety of graphical and text-based interactions with the information display. The system enables the interactive generation of multiple simultaneous "views" into multimedia databases, providing intelligence analysts with the potential to process large multimedia data volumes quickly and effectively.
Cerebral Asymmetry and Aesthetic Experience

The world is shadowed plays of light, Modelled, stripped, reformed, and lined, Bounded, bordered by the mind, Redone into an inner sight, Created worlds of shape and hue, Music, meaning, rhythm, time, Configurations made sublime, Constructions of an inner view.
Dual host specificity of phage SP6 is facilitated by tailspike rotation

Bacteriophage SP6 exhibits dual-host adsorption specificity. The SP6 tailspikes are recognized as important in host range determination but the mechanisms underlying dual host specificity are unknown. Cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram classification were used to analyze the SP6 virion with a particular focus on the interaction of tailspikes with host membranes. The SP6 tail is surrounded by six V-shaped structures that interconnect in forming a hand-over-hand hexameric garland. Each V-shaped structure consists of two trimeric tailspike proteins: gp46 and gp47, connected through the adaptor protein gp37. SP6 infection of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Newport results in distinguishable changes in tailspike orientation, providing the first direct demonstration how tailspikes can confer dual host adsorption specificity. SP6 also infects S. Typhimurium strains lacking O antigen; in these infections tailspikes have no apparent specific role and the phage tail must therefore interact with a distinct host receptor to allow infection.
Effect of localization on the sustainable development in Iran's car industry

Iran's economy has always been under severe sanctions. These sanctions were almost tolerable for Iran since they did not affect Iran's oil industry which is the main source of foreign currency for the country. The recent sanctions on Iran's oil-dependent economy starting from 2012, put a lot of pressure on the country and the overall country experienced very volatile conditions. As the result, the government started to negotiate with the world that led to the agreement between P5+1 and Iran that is generally referred to as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Although this agreement released some of the pressures on Iran's economy, Iran's experience during the sanction period and the time that the oil price was low, convinced the government to start investing on localization of the industry. The term localization here refers to the activities that try to produce needed materials of the industry inside the country instead of importing them. The government's attempt in the past years for localization especially in the car industry, caused a sustainable development in this area. This sustainability was shown in the recent drop off of the oil price in 2016 which did not affect the car market like the past similar events. In this paper, we will try to model the effective parameters in Iran's car industry including the localization and also propose a model relating localization, car industry and sustainability to describe the effect of localization on creating a sustainable development in the car industry.
Intermittent Punishment of Key-Press Responding: Effectiveness During Application and Extinction

The present experiment examined the resistance of touch-key responses in severely disturbed children to the effects of fixed-ratio one and variable-ratio punishment. Subsequent to response suppression, resistance to extinction was examined for the various punishment schedules. A multiple-stimulus design was employed in the three studies comprising the experiment. The touch-key response was maintained on a variable-ratio reinforcement schedule, and the punishing stimulus was a loud (105 db) tone. Results of the three studies indicated that for the punishment schedules chosen, no difference was seen between the suppressive effects of fixed-ratio one and variable-ratio punishment. Subsequent study of resistance to extinction proved impossible, as all subjects ceased responding during punishment application and did not recover the response. It is suggested that responding maintained on a variable-ratio schedule is inappropriate for investigating ratio punishment schedules because of its great susceptibility to disruption.
Graffiti: a Nonreactive Measure?

The purposes of this research were to test whether wall writing (which has been proposed as a nonreactive measure) would be influenced by the presence of a model, to determine the rate of people who would make inscriptions, and to add to the literature on the effects of another person’s behavior as a model, with particular reference to a socially frowned upon behavior. Stalls were checked after the departure of each S, 45 males in a no-model condition, 49 in a model-present condition. In scription rates were 8.2% in the model-present and 6.7% in the no-model present conditions. Within the limits of the present work, graffiti did appear to be a nonreactive measure.
Massive optical interconnections for computer applications

The performance of advanced multiprocessor architectures of the future will be governed by the bandwidth and configuration of the communication channels. This is especially true for systems that must handle knowledge processing and high-level image processing tasks where massive numbers of global interconnections can lead to greatly enhanced performance. Optics and optoelectronics have an important role to play in alleviating the communication bottleneck in these systems. This paper describes concepts for massively parallel optically interconnected computers.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Influence of gap height and flow field on global stoichiometry and heat losses during opposed flow flame spread over thin fuels in simulated microgravity

Abstract This study characterizes thin fuel opposed flow flame spread in simulated microgravity for a range of gap heights and airflow velocities in a Narrow Channel Apparatus (NCA). One objective was to estimate gap heights that suppress buoyancy without promoting excessive heat losses to the channel walls. A corollary of this objective was to assess the dependence of heat losses on the channel height. A second objective was to determine the influence of global combustion stoichiometry on simulated microgravity flame spread in the NCA. Whatman 44 filter paper was used for NCA gap heights ranging from 6–20 mm (half-gap below and above sample) and average opposed flow velocities 1–40 cm/s. Flames at low flows were fuel rich when the forced flows were of the same magnitude as the diffusive flow. For thin fuels, a full gap of 10 mm (5 mm half-gap) provided a compromise between buoyancy suppression and heat loss. Calculations were made of flame stoichiometry and of the influence of the velocity profile on flame spread rates (comparing it with previous theory). This part of the analysis provided support for the velocity gradient theory of flame spread. The information provided in this work on the theoretical nature of opposed flow flame spread over thin fuels is based on experimental measurements in simulated microgravity conditions.
Democracy, Free Markets, and the Rightist Dilemma in Latin America

During the first decade of the 21st century, the political Right was on the defensive in much of Latin America. This was an unexpected turn of events, given the alignment of political forces in the region at the end of the Cold War. Although the region’s political shift to the left after the late 1990s became a focal point of scholarly attention, its flip side — the decline of the Right — has too often been neglected. What explains this decline, and why did it follow so quickly on the heels of the Right’s advantageous position at the beginning of the 1990s? This paper explores the political challenges encountered by the Latin American Right during the unique historical juncture of the 1990s and early 2000s, a period with three distinctive political markers: it was post-Cold War, post-democratic transition, and post-economic adjustment. The confluence of these three factors buttressed the political position of the Right in the short-term, but over the longer term they weakened the institutionalized (i.e., partisan) political representation of conservative forces in much of the region, while creating new opportunities for a variety of leftist contenders.
Line cell saga - an argument in favor of production of biologics in cancer cells.

William Shakespeare observed that “All the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely players’.” This is no less true for those who act out the events of science than for thespians who pursue a career in the theater. It is amply illustrated in the drama that has attended the evolution of the dogma for acceptability or nonacceptability of particular kinds of cell cultures for preparing biologic products for use in man. Even cursory review leads to the conclusion that ill-conceived fears, preconceived notions, and personalities have contributed as much, perhaps, to decisionmaking as has science itself in this area of activity in which the scientific fact base is less than definitive.
Research Status/Requirements and NASA Applications for Wall Layer Transition

In aeronautical and aerospace applications boundary layer and shear layer transition is of interest and importance for small-tomoderate Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds number range of interest spans from, at the low end, the order of 104 for low speed free shear layers to, at the high end, order of 108 for hypersonic boundary layers. Such Reynolds numbers typically occur on either small bodies (i.e., RPV’s), at high altitude/low density (HALE, NASP) or for forebody regions on conventional transports (inlet, empannage, wing and even fuselage). Transition can also be of interest, via laminar flow control, for much of the wing acreage depending upon the type and extent of control utilized. Transition issues of interest include the location of significant wall transport increase (nominal “transition point”), the extent of the transitional flow region and both transition tripping and laminar flow control.
Pickled Fish Anyone

Naturally acidic freshwaters are found worldwide, yet the fishes of these habitats have been infrequently studied. Systems that formed during the Holocene tend to be depauperate of fishes, yet older, tropical acidic waters are among the most diverse fish habitats. Occupants of naturally acidic waters come from a diverse array of piscine taxa, but geographic location appears to be more important than taxon in driving final fish assemblage structure. Based on studies from relatively rapid exposure, environmental acid is predicted to challenge physiological regulation of many systems across multiple life-history stages of fish. The study of how fish deal with acidity in nature began almost a century ago, and flourished in the last third of the twentieth century as concerns over anthropogenic acidification of freshwaters grew, but has recently diminished, possibly because concerns over anthropogenic ocean acidification have taken priority. Relative to comparison species and conspecific populations, animals indigenous to acidic habitats have less disruption of monovalent ion balance under acid exposure, bind Ca++ more tightly at their gills or have Ca++-insensitive monovalent ion efflux, exhibit greater blood oxygen transport capacity, and have exercise metabolism and performance metrics that are less affected by low pH. With the exception of ion regulation, these conclusions are based on only a handful of studies; many other potentially interesting facets of fish biology have yet to be investigated. Considering the continued acidification of freshwater and marine environments by man, further study of how fishes adapted to natural acidity will certainly bear fruit.
Tracing the origin of retroviruses.

Retroviruses are so named because of their ability to transcribe their RNA genome into DNA by reverse transcription. The resulting double-stranded DNA is integrated into the nuclear DNA of the host cell, and host cell enzymes subsequently transcribe the integrated DNA back to RNA, either as transcripts that can be translated into precursors of the viral component proteins, or full-length transcripts destined to be the genetic material for newly assembled viruses. For the most part, this unusual life cycle is made possible by four virusencoded enzymes and a few structural proteins. The enzymes are (a) the reverse transcriptase, (b) a ribonuclease H for the digestion of the RNA portion of the DNA-RNA heteroduplex so that the DNA second strand can be made, (c) an endonuclease (integrase) for cutting the host DNA as a part of the integration process, and (d) a protease for processing newly made polyprotein precursors. The structural proteins include an RNA-binding protein, capsid proteins, and envelope proteins. Ordinarily, all of the genetic information for these proteins is encompassed in less than 8 kilobases (kb) of RNA (Fig. 1). Retroviruses also have untranslated RNA sequences at their 5′ and 3′ extremities, which in their DNA versions are reciprocally extended to yield perfectly repeated sequences—long terminal repeats (LTRs). The repeats are formed during the reverse transcription process and are an integral part of the mechanism that insures the entire genome is copied.
Synthesis of a novel bicyclic scaffold inspired by the antifungal natural product sordarin

Abstract A simplified bicyclic scaffold inspired by the antifungal natural product sordarin was designed and synthesized which maintains the carboxylic acid/aldehyde (or nitrile) pharmacophore. Docking studies with the target for sordarin, the fungal protein eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), suggested that the novel scaffolds may bind productively. A densely functionalized chiral cyclopentadiene was constructed in 8 steps and utilized in a Diels-Alder reaction with acrylonitrile. The resulting [2.2.1] cycloheptene was transformed into a scaffold possessing vicinal carboxylic acid and nitrile groups, with orientations predicted to provide high affinity for eEF2. The synthetic approach disclosed here sets the stage for a renewed medicinal chemistry campaign against eEF2.
Removal and insertion of central venous catheters in cancer patients is associated with high symptom burden

ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess the symptom burden associated with CVC removal and insertion in cancer patients.Methods: We collected patient-reported symptom-burden outcomes for 60 consecutive cancer patients: 30 undergoing CVC removal and 30 undergoing CVC insertion. Cancer patients self-administered the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory to rate the severity of 21 different symptoms immediately after the procedureResults: Symptoms were present in up to 57% to 67% of patients undergoing CVC insertion and removal respectively. Nineteen patients (32%) were moderately symptomatic with a symptom burden of four or more: ten insertion and nine removal patients. Symptoms with a score of 4 or more clustered around physical symptoms (pain, pressure or burning) or more generalized symptoms (fatigue, sleep, distress, dry mouth, and drowsiness). Nine (15%) patients rated at least one symptom as eight or more, five (17%) being insertion patients.Conclusions: CVCs are essential for the management of cancer patients. However...
Effect of a Scheduled Nurse Intervention on Thirst and Dry Mouth in Intensive Care Patients.

Background Thirst is a common, intense symptom reported by hospitalized patients. No studies indicate frequency of use of ice water and lip moisturizer with menthol to ameliorate thirst and dry mouth. In an audit of 30 intensive care unit patients at a 580-bed community teaching hospital, 66% reported dry mouth with higher thirst distress and intensity scores than in published studies. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of scheduled use of ice water oral swabs and lip moisturizer with menthol compared with unscheduled use in relieving thirst and dry mouth for intensive care unit patients. Methods In a quasi-experimental design, adult patients admitted to 2 intensive care units at a community hospital were provided with ice water oral swabs and lip moisturizer with menthol upon request. The intervention was unscheduled in 1 unit and scheduled in the other unit. The scheduled intervention was provided hourly during a 7-hour period (n = 62 participants). The unscheduled intervention consisted of usual care (n = 41 participants). A numeric rating scale (0-10) was used to measure thirst intensity, thirst distress, and dry mouth before and after 7 hours in both groups. Results The scheduled-use group had significant lessening of thirst intensity (P = .02) and dry mouth (P = .008). Thirst distress in the scheduled-use group did not differ from that in the unscheduled-use group (P = .07). Conclusion Scheduled use of ice water oral swabs and lip moisturizer with menthol may lessen thirst intensity and dry mouth in critical care patients.
Baby boomer retirement: Are you up to the challenge?

The start of the millennium brought with it a rising concern that the United States would soon be facing a large shortage of RNs beyond any that had been previously experienced.1 This shortage was projected based on dropping enrollment of post baby boomer generations into the nursing profession. Due
Difficult Vascular Access Anatomy Associated with Decreased Success of Revascularization in Emergent Thrombectomy.

Thrombectomy has become established as a successful treatment strategy for ischemic stroke and consequently, more patients are undergoing this procedure. Due to comorbid conditions, chronic disease states, and advanced age, many patients have anatomy which complicates revascularization, specifically difficult aortic arch anatomy, or tortuous common and internal artery anatomy, or both. In the present study, these unfavorable anatomic parameters were analyzed for 53 patients undergoing acute thrombectomy for ischemic stroke. Statistical analysis was performed and outcome TICI scores were compared. 26 of the patients analyzed had features of difficult femoral access. Difficult arch anatomy was associated with unsuccessful revascularization (p = 0.03, Fisher’s exact) with only 53% of patients with this feature having favorable TICI scores. Difficult common carotid access was also associated with unsuccessful revascularization (p = 0.004, Fisher’s exact) with 38% success. There was a trend towards significance for unsuccessful revascularization for difficult internal carotid artery access (p = 0.06, Fisher’s exact). Any combination of the aforementioned anatomic parameters was associated with decreased success of treatment which was an independent predictor in multivariate analysis (p=0.009). As difficult access anatomy is commonly encountered in patients undergoing emergent thrombectomy, it is important for the treating physician to be prepared and to adapt access strategies to increase the likelihood of successful revascularization.
Basics of Health Care Team Relationships and Interprofessional Practice

Relationship-based care is a philosophy, an operational plan for excellence and a way of being. It is essential that the transformation of a health care organization be a team effort based on a common vision, values ​​and anticipated results. Keywords: Relationships, Health Care Team, Interprofessional Practice
Effectiveness of digital games in producing environmentally friendly attitudes and behaviors: A mixed methods study

Abstract Awareness of environmental sustainability issues alone is not enough. Environmental Sustainability Education (ESE) should produce changes in attitude and encourage lifelong behaviors. However, behavioral changes are curtailed by constraints and negative perceptions, necessitating the use of persuasive pedagogical tools in ESE. Digital game-based learning (DGBL) environments can provide cognitive knowledge, besides emotionally engaging learners by letting them test new behaviors and seeing the consequences instantly. This study examined the effectiveness of DGBL in producing attitudinal and behavioral changes regarding environmental sustainability and about learning experiences from a game, through a mixed methods study. One group of undergraduate students in an educational technology course played EnerCities, an ESE game. Another group played a Science game that was not connected to ESE. The Attitudinal Learning Instrument was administered to collect quantitative data pertaining to attitudinal and behavioral learning after one week and after five weeks of game play. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to develop a model to measure learning. PLS-SEM helps analyze relationships simultaneously in complex models. Quantitative data analysis using PLS-SEM showed that EnerCities was effective in producing attitudinal and behavioral changes that were retained until one week of game play. Thematic analysis of qualitative data, collected through interviews after five weeks of game play, helped interpret why and how attitudinal changes were produced by the game. This provided insights into what game features facilitated cognitive, affective, behavioral and social learning and learning retention, that could be used in future game design. Future research could apply the measurement model to measure long-term retention of attitudinal and behavioral learning using games and other interventions on socio-scientific topics.
Chromatin accessibility dynamics of neurogenic niche cells reveal a reversible decline in neural stem cell migration during aging

Abstract Aging is accompanied by a deterioration in the regenerative and repair potential of stem cell regions in the brain. However, the mechanisms underlying this decline are largely unknown. Here we profile the chromatin landscape of five different cell types freshly isolated from the subventricular zone neurogenic niche of young and old mice. We find that chromatin states exhibit distinct changes with aging in different cell types. Notably, the chromatin of quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) becomes more repressed with age whereas that of proliferative, activated NSCs becomes more open. Surprisingly, these opposing age-related chromatin changes involve cell adhesion and migration pathways. We experimentally validate that quiescent and activated NSCs exhibit opposite migratory deficits during aging. Quiescent NSCs become more migratory during aging, whereas activated NSCs and progeny become less migratory and less able to mobilize out of the niche in vivo during aging. The cellular mechanism by which aging impairs the migration of activated NSCs and progeny involves increased occurrence of force-producing focal adhesions. Inhibiting the cytoskeletal-regulating kinase ROCK in old activated NSCs and progenitors eliminates cell adhesive forces and boosts migration speed, reverting these cells to a more youthful migratory state. Our work has important implications for restoring the migratory potential of NSCs during aging and brain injury.
Repetitive seasonal drought causes substantial species-specific shifts in fine-root longevity and spatio-temporal production patterns in mature temperate forest trees.

Temperate forest ecosystems are exposed to a higher frequency, duration and severity of drought. To promote forest longevity in a changing climate, we require a better understanding of the long-term impacts of repetitive drought events on fine-root dynamics in mature forests. Using minirhizotron methods, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on fine-root dynamics in single-species and mixed-species arrangements of Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) by means of a 4-yr-long throughfall-exclusion experiment. Fine-root production of both species decreased under drought. However, this reduction was not evident for P. abies when grown intermixed with F. sylvatica. Throughfall-exclusion prolonged the lifespan of P. abies roots but did not change the lifespan of F. sylvatica roots, except in 2016. Fagus sylvatica responded to drought by reducing fine-root production at specific depths and during roof closure. This is the first study to examine long-term trends in mature forest fine-root dynamics under repetitive drought events. Species-specific fine-root responses to drought have implications for the rate and depth of root-derived organic matter supply to soil. From a root dynamics perspective, intermixing tree species is not beneficial to all species but dampens drought impacts on the belowground productivity of P. abies.
Stochastic Differential Equations for Turbulent Diffusion

We begin with the model proposed by Wilson et al. (1983) and rigorously derived by Thomson (1984, 1987): (6.1a)
Business-to-Business (B2B) Internet Business Models

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce refers to transactions between business entities conducted electronically via Internet, extranet, intranet, and/or private networks. B2B commerce existed before, with private telecommunication networks. These networks require costly investments in infrastructure and operation. With the advent of Web-based technologies, data communication over the Internet has become affordable for many businesses, maximizing the efficiency of their business communication internally as well externally. Together with business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce, one observes booming B2B e-commerce in the e-marketplace. It has been asserted that both buyers and suppliers benefit from transactions over the Internet. B2B e-commerce models address effectively issues in supply chain management and customer relationship management. Companies have reached a larger pool of buyers/suppliers, making better deals in purchases/sales. B2B e-commerce has reduced related administrative/logistic costs and simplified paperwork. It has also reduced human error and expedited the purchase/sale cycle. This article reviews major B2B e-commerce business models, their merits and limitations, critical success factors for implementation, and enabling technologies and services. Keywords: B2B implementation; dot com; E-collaboration; E-commerce strategies; electronic procurement; E-market; Internet business model
An exploratory study of student confidence in using electronic books as learning tools

This paper examines differences in college student confidence towards using electronic books between 2007 and 2009 based on parental income. This study was done in response to the growing concern over the cost of textbooks and the increase in the use of e-textbooks to counteract that cost. This study shows that despite a lack of a gap between comfort of use of computers, students whose parents income is above the national median income are more confident in learning from electronic books than students whose parents income is not. Not only is this gap existent but it widened between 2007 and 2009 despite the growing confidence in the use of electronic books by both groups.
Physical and Chemical Properties of an Oncornavirus Associated with a Murine Adrenal Carcinoma Cell Line

Abstract A type C oncornavirus has been isolated from a continuous cell line of murine adrenal carcinoma in culture. The particles have a buoyant density of 1.165 g/cm3, exhibit typical type C morphology by electron microscopy, possess an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, and have a high molecular weight RNA (6.1 × 106) which can be denatured to a homogeneous lower molecular weight species (3.2 × 106) when extracted from rapidly harvested “immature” virions. The virus is related antigenically to other mammalian oncornaviruses and exhibits a similar, although much more complex, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic profile of virion proteins when compared to the profiles of other type C RNA tumor viruses.
The Contribution of Engine Oil to Particulate Exhaust Emissions from Light-Duty, Diesel-Powered Vehicles

An apparatus was developed for the determination of the engine oil contribution to both total and extractable particulate exhaust emissions from diesel-powered vehicles during cyclic operation on a chassis dynamometer. For the five vehicles tested, the percentage of the total particulate material that was derived from engine oil ranged from 7 to 14%. Between 14 and 26% of the total particulate material was extractable with benzene-ethanol (80-20) solvent. Oil contributed from 30 to 55% of the extractables in most cases. Engine design and oil formulation generally appeared to have only small effects on the oil contribution to the particulate emissions. A 1982 model-year vehicle with a 1.8L engine was an exception, since its oil contribution to the total and especially to the extractable particulate emissions (14 and 95%, respectively) was significantly greater than for any of the other vehicles.
Smoothing and Ill-Posed Problems

The method of weighted cross-validation is applied to the problem of solving linear integral equations of the first kind with noisy data. Numerical results illustrating its efficacy are given for estimating derivatives and for solving Fujita’s equation.
Crystal structure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of La-doped BaTiO3 semiconducting ceramics

Polycrystalline La-doped BaTiO3 (Ba(1-x)Lax TiO3) [x=0,0.0005,0.001,0.003] ceramics (denoted as BTO,BLT1,BLT2,BLT3) were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. XRD and Raman spectra revealed single-phase tetragonal perovskite crystalline structure. Well-saturated polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loops were observed with the measurement frequency of 50 Hz at room temperature and confirmed ferroelectric nature of these ceramics and a high recoverable electrical energy storage density of 0.350 J/cm3 with energy efficiency (n)∼9%, which is useful in energy storage capacitor applications. Dielectric studies revealed anomalies around 415–420 K and near the Curie temperature. The latter is attributed to the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition. Better dielectric performances were obtained for La-doped samples sintered at 1350°C for 4 h. Grain growth is inhibited with lanthanum (La) incorporation into the BTO lattice. Room temperature semiconducting behavior with positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) behavior at TC is attributed to electron compensation mechanism.
Semiconductor intellectual property and system-on-chip for communications the future for small companies

The use of predesigned blocks usually called semiconductor intellectual property (SIP) has been widely accepted as an approach to design system-on-chip (SOC) product to shorten time-to-market. As semiconductor IP has rapidly become the cornerstone of the SOC industry, it has created unprecedented market demand for reliable SIPs and companies that are able to deliver them. In this article we are analyzing challenges and opportunities for new design teams entering into this lucrative market niche.
The Performance of Schizophrenics on Three Cognitive Tests of Malingering, Rey 15-Item Memory Test, Rey Dot Counting, and Hiscock Forced-Choice Method.

The performance of individuals with severe psychiatric disturbance such as schizophrenia on tests designed to detect malingering of cognitive symptoms (e.g., Rey 15-Item Memory Test, RMT; Rey Dot C...
Oil-Filled Silica Nanocapsules for Lipophilic Drug Uptake: Implications for Drug Detoxification Therapy

Oil-filled nanocapsules were synthesized using the oil droplets of an O/W microemulsion as templates. A polysiloxane/silicate shell was formed at the surface of the oil droplet by cross-linking n-o...
The social significance of routine health behavior in Tamang daily life

Abstract Programs to promote behavioral change among non-Western people sometimes emphasize individual cognitive processes at the expense of social practices. While health beliefs are important, it is equally important to understand the language and the pattern of relationships that affect routine health behaviors. In rural central Nepal we conducted a health survey of 265 Tamang people, followed by a series of 22 in-depth interviews focused on diarrhea and related illnesses. This paper describes the nomenclature used and automatic health behaviors enacted, in response to diarrheal illnesses in Tamang villages. We draw on the work of Anthony Giddens to show that routine health behavior is embedded in specific social relationships that in turn help to structure many aspects of Tamang daily life. We discuss the significance of routine Tamang health behavior in light of oral rehydration therapy programs.
Coping strategies and their associations with levels of disability or pain, among older veterans receiving primary care

Abstract Little information is available regarding the types of coping strategies used by older persons with chronic non-cancer pain, or whether specific methods of coping are associated with reduced levels of disability or pain. Our objectives were to (1) identify the types of strategies used by older persons to cope with chronic pain, and (2) determine whether specific strategies are associated with lower levels of disability or pain. Potential participants were drawn from a random (20%) sample of all patients aged 65 years or above receiving primary care at the West Haven VA, and were screened via telephone to determine eligibility status (i.e., pain for ⩾3 consecutive months due to a non-cancer cause). We conducted telephone interviews using an open-ended question to ascertain the types of coping strategies used by participants and inquired about the effectiveness of each method (0 to 5 Likert scale with responses ranging from not at all to extremely effective). We obtained data on participants' levels of disability (days of activity restriction due to pain in past month) and pain (0–10 numeric rating scale), as well as sociodemographics, comorbid conditions, and psychological status using validated instruments. Two reviewers independently coded all open-ended responses and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Similar coping strategies were assembled into discrete categories (e.g., “prays” and “attends church, etc.” for religious activities). Of 938 patients screened for chronic pain, 258 met eligibility criteria, and 210 (81%) participated. Respondents had a mean age of 75 (standard deviation = 5.1) years; most were Caucasian (96%), and male (99%). Commonly reported coping strategies used in the month prior to the interview included medication use in 153/210 (73%), exercise (33%), cognitive strategies such as distraction (31%), religious activities (18%), pacing, i.e., alternating periods of activity with rest (15%), and hot/cold modalities (13%). None of these six coping strategies was associated with lower levels of disability or pain intensity in either bivariate or multivariate analyses. Self-reported effectiveness of the six coping strategies was relatively high, however, with 57% using religious activities and 46% of those using medications rating them as “quite a bit” or “extremely” effective. We identified a broad spectrum of coping strategies used by older veterans with chronic non-cancer pain. Although positive associations were not observed between specific coping strategies and decreased levels of disability or pain, self-reported effectiveness of the coping strategies was high. Future research is planned to determine whether the coping strategies identified in this study are associated with beneficial outcomes in specific domains of health (e.g., emotional well-being) among older persons with chronic pain.