cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing and apolipoprotein gene expression in the liver of hyperinsulinemic fatty Zucker rats: relationship to very low density lipoprotein composition.

We previously demonstrated increased apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing, elevated levels of mRNA for the catalytic component of the apoB mRNA editing complex, apobec-1, and increased secretion of the product of the edited mRNA, apoB48, in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in primary cultures of Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes following insulin treatment. In order to determine the effect of in vivo hyperinsulinemia on these processes, we determined apoB mRNA editing, apobec-1 expression, hepatic expression of mRNA for apoB and other VLDL apoproteins, and the quantity and composition of plasma VLDL in the hyperinsulinemic fatty Zucker rat. Total apoB mRNA content of the livers of the fatty rats and lean littermates did not differ, however, edited apoB message coding for hepatic apo B48, and abundance of mRNA for the catalytic subunit of the apoB mRNA editing complex, apobec-1, was increased by 1.7-and 3.3-fold, respectively, in fatty rats. ApoCIII mRNA abundance was increased in livers of fatty rats as well, but the abundance of hepatic apoE mRNA in the fatty animal was not different from that of the lean rat. Hepatic apoAI mRNA abundance was also increased in the fatty rats. Associated with increased apoB mRNA editing, was the 1.7-fold increase in the fraction of apoB in plasma as apoB48 in fatty rats. VLDL-triglyceride and-apoB in plasma were 15-and 3-fold higher, respectively, in fatty Zucker rats compared to lean littermates, indicating both enrichment of VLDL with triglycerides and increased accumulation of VLDL particles. Increased hepatic expression of mRNA for apoCIII and apoAI was associated with increased content of apoC (and relative depletion of apoE) in VLDL of fatty rats, and plasma apoAI was increased in fatty Zucker rats, primarily in the HDL fraction. The current study provides further evidence that chronic exposure to high levels of insulin influences both the quantity of and lipid/apoprotein composition of VLDL in plasma. The increased apoC and decreased apoE (as well as increased triglyceride) content of VLDL in the fatty Zucker rat observed in the current study may affect VLDL clearance and therefore may be a factor in the observed accumulation of VLDL in the plasma of the fatty hyperinsulinemic Zucker rats.
Residue Complex for Sklyanin Algebras of Dimension Three

We describe the residue complex for three-dimensional Sklyanin algebras, which are the interesting special cases of quantum polynomial rings in three variables. In particular, we show that the multiplicities of the point modules in the residue complex are all one, just as in the classical case of commutative polynomial rings in three variables. We explain why the residue complex in the quantum case has the same multiplicities of point modules as that in the commutative case (even if there are fewer point modules in the quantum case) by pointing out two quantum anomalies.
Evaluation of difloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated urethral gonorrhea in men.

Abstract Difloxacin is a new quinolone antimicrobial agent with in vitro activity against both Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis and a long (26-h) half-life. A single oral dose of 200 mg of difloxacin was used to treat 30 men with uncomplicated urethral gonorrhea in an open trial. Of the isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, three produced penicillinase and two were resistant to tetracycline. N. gonorrhoeae was eradicated from all 29 evaluable patients. The geometric mean MIC of difloxacin for 30 pretreatment N. gonorrhoeae isolates was 0.014 (range, less than or equal to 0.0039 to 0.03) microgram/ml. Four (13.3%) of the 30 subjects with gonococcal urethritis also had C. trachomatis recovered from their pretreatment cultures. Treatment with difloxacin was associated with the eradication of C. trachomatis from all four men. In addition, C. trachomatis was isolated from the posttreatment culture of only one man who had a negative culture before treatment. Nineteen patients (65.5%) reported adverse experiences, and 17 of them (58.6%) developed symptoms suggestive of central nervous system dysfunction. An oral dose of 200 mg of difloxacin is effective treatment for uncomplicated urethral gonorrhea and may also eliminate a coexisting infection with C. trachomatis. Side effects may limit the utility of this agent.
Experience report: modularization - the new paradigm for the information engineer

To improve the accuracy and consistency of customer and support documentation, corporations over the past two decades or more have made a concerted effort to make possible and improve the modularization of corporate source materials. With adequate and up-to-date training, a functional content-management system, and well-supported writing tools, significant cost-reductions can be achieved. The writer, in this new environment, must deal with a completely new mental model and work process to create their deliverable materials, and with a paradigm shift that directly affects their day-to-day work. The writer accustomed to full control and ownership of a document can look forward to a fully team-oriented approach that provides for the ultimate reader the full realization of the best of all possible worlds. Design of any communication is much more a collaborative process than an exercise in creating text to insert in an outline. This author has experienced this change in process at first hand in decades of writing experience in the computer industry.
Impurity control of tokamaks with in situ metal deposition

Abstract Metal coatings of titanium and chromium of different thickness were deposited in situ in microtor and macrotor tokamaks and tested for impurity control. To improve the microstructure of the metal deposit, Ti and Cr were evaporated at a slow rate of about 20 A/h during discharge cleaning. A 200 A fresh metal deposition is required to obtain oxygen free surface layers. The oxygen control by Cr deposits was comparable to the one with Ti coatings. The hydrogen recycling rate increased markedly for Cr deposits. Control measurements show that the problem of hydrogen and deuterium retention in the metal coating during a switchover from one gas to the other can be overcome by short time outgassing to 650 K.
Student behavioral engagement during mathematics educational video game instruction with 11-14 year olds

"Serious digital games" for education are presumed to be engaging, but little is known about whether engagement is ubiquitous, whether it persists over time, whether it is found for all students across the full range of prior gaming experience, and whether it is actually associated with game-based learning outcomes. To address these gaps, student behavioral engagement (i.e., sustained attention, persistence was examined during mathematics instruction using a mathematics serious digital game for the iPad?, in a study of 97 11-14 year olds (i.e., 6-8th grade students in the United States system). Consistent with the study hypotheses, observations revealed that most students were highly engaged, but engagement was lower for students who were observed later in the semester and who had the most prior gaming experience. In addition, observed engagement was associated with better performance on an assessment of the skills being taught in the game. In contrast, none of these effects was evident for self-reported student engagement. Time course, prior gaming experience, and method of assessing engagement are important modulators of student differential response to game-based instruction and should be considered when evaluating the influence of serious digital games on learning outcomes.
Institutionalist Economics and the Intellectual Origins of National Planning in the United States

The intellectual roots and theory of national economic planning as we know it in the United States today can be traced back to Institutionalist Economics The first part of this paper traces the intellectual geneology of Institutionalism from its first statement by Thorstein Veblen through subsequent formulations by disciples such as John M Clark, Wesley Mitchell, and Clarence Ayres The paper also explicates the theoretical framework of Institutionalist Economics The Institutionalists held that all economic development could be viewed in terms of the evolution of technology and insti tutions This led them to emphasize the role of management and organization in economic behavior and consequently the importance of planning at the level of the firm, the industry, and the economy as a whole The final sections of the paper explore their thoughts about implemen tation in economic planning, and the paper concludes with some implications for the current debate on "industrial policy"
Extracting _Carbon Copy_ Names and Organizations from a Heterogeneous Document Collection

We describe the development of a tool to identify the names of persons and their corresponding institutions as they appear in the "carbon copy" or "cc" lists of correspondence, memorandums, emails, and other types of documents.
The standardized vascular clinic: an alternative to the traditional ambulatory setting.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of a standardized vascular clinic (SVC) in teaching diagnostic and management skills for common vascular problems, as compared with that of the traditional ambulatory setting. Methods: Third-year medical students participating in the required surgical clerkship participated in this study. Students were randomly assigned to attend either a 4-hour SVC experience (group 1, n = 64) or a 4-hour traditional ambulatory experience (group 2, n = 60). Students completed a satisfaction rating scale and a preencounter and postencounter self-efficacy rating scale at the end of the experience. Student t tests were used to compare the groups in the areas of knowledge acquisition, problem solving, clinical skills and satisfaction with the encounter. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the change between pre and post self-efficacy ratings. Results: Students in group 1 performed significantly higher than students in group 2 in the areas of problem solving, clinical skills, and student satisfaction. They also demonstrated a higher level of confidence in their vascular skills than students assigned to the traditional setting. Conclusion: The SVC may be more effective in teaching problem-solving and clinical skills. It also may promote more student satisfaction with the experience and confidence in clinical skills than the traditional ambulatory setting.
Calcium-independent release of endothelial nitric oxide in the arteriolar network: onset during rapid juvenile growth.

Objective: In young rats, skeletal muscle arterioles respond to acetylcholine, which elicits Ca2+-dependent endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release, but not to shear stress, which does not require increased intracellular Ca2+ for endothelial NO release. The aim of this study was to determine if, in general, signaling pathways for endothelial NO release that differ in their reliance on Ca2+ may be developing at different times during normal arteriolar network growth in skeletal muscle.Methods: Arteriolar responses to intraluminal infusion of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, and the Ca2+-independent agonists vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and simvastatin, were studied before and during NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) in the exteriorized spinotrapezius muscle of weanling (age 4–5 wks) and juvenile (7–8 wks) rats.Results: There were no age-dependent differences in arteriolar responses to A23187 applied over a concentration range that dilated arterioles from 9 ± 2 to 74 ±...
Pre-eclampsia does not alter the response to endothelin-1 in human omental artery.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), known to be present in high concentrations in serum from pre-eclamptic compared with normotensive pregnant women, may contribute to the increased vascular reactivity seen in pre-eclampsia. Experiments were designed to compare the contractile activity of ET-1 in isolated omental arteries from menopausal women (n = 6), normotensive pregnant women (n = 7), and pre-eclamptic patients (n = 7). Intact rings (3-mm width) were suspended for isometric tension recording in organ chambers filled with modified Krebs/bicarbonate buffer aerated with 95% air and 5% CO 2 , 37°C, pH 7.35-7.4, under tension of 1 g. No significant differences were found in either the sensitivity to (concentration producing 50% of contraction) or efficacy of (maximal increase in tension, normalized to reference contraction to KCl) ET-1 in the vessels of all three groups of patients studied. These data argue against ET-1 as a primary factor in pre-eclampsia. The modulatory role of ET-1 on the effects of other contractile factors of human blood, as a possible cause of pre-eclamptic changes, remains to be elucidated.
Redox Reactions of and Transformation between Cysteine−Mercury Thiolate and Cystine in Metallothioneins Adsorbed at a Thin Mercury Film Electrode

Voltammetric studies of rabbit liver metallothioneins (MTs) adsorbed onto thin mercury films preformed onto glassy carbon electrodes were carried out in MT-free phosphate buffers in an attempt to shed light on the possible redox-modulated MT metal-transfer processes. The redox behavior of the surface-confined MTs was studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, and the amount of MT adsorption was quantified by a flow-injection quartz crystal microbalance. Two reversible redox waves, with Ep values at −0.63 and −0.91 V, respectively, were observed for the first time. These values and the overall voltammetric characteristics were found to be remarkably analogous to those of cysteine adsorbates at thin mercury films. The peak at Ep = −0.63 V is attributable to the reduction of the Cys−mercury thiolates formed between the adsorbed MTs and the mercury electrode, whereas that at Epc = −0.91 V is assigned to the reduction of Cys-Cys (cystine analogue) present in the portion of the MT adsorba...
Central Nervous System Infections in the Critically Ill

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are frequently encountered in the intensive care unit setting and are a significant source of morbidity and mortality. The constantly changing trends in micr...
Beneficial Effects of Subcutaneous Fat Transplantation on Metabolism

Subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (VIS) obesity are associated with different risks of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. To elucidate whether these differences are due to anatomic location or intrinsic differences in adipose depots, we characterized mice after transplantation of SC or VIS fat from donor mice into either SC or VIS regions of recipient mice. The group with SC fat transplanted into the VIS cavity exhibited decreased body weight, total fat mass, and glucose and insulin levels. These mice also exhibited improved insulin sensitivity during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with increased whole-body glucose uptake, glucose uptake into endogenous fat, and insulin suppression of hepatic glucose production. These effects were observed to a lesser extent with SC fat transplanted to the SC area, whereas VIS fat transplanted to the VIS area was without effect. These data suggest that SC fat is intrinsically different from VIS fat and produces substances that can act systemically to improve glucose metabolism.
Social Support and Homicide

This article tests social support theory with a focus on the relationship between general relief payments to the poor and homicide. General relief, a new and untapped measure of social support, represents an improvement on earlier measures of social support, such as welfare spending, because it (a) reflects local priorities, (b) includes both cash grants and in-kind services, and (c) is sufficiently variable at the local level to make it statistically useful. Data from Worrall (2005) were reanalyzed, revealing that general relief was inversely related to homicide, even in the face of various robustness checks.
Leptospirosis: A childhood disease

A diagnosis of leptospirosis was confirmed in nine children who were admitted to St. Louis Children'sHospital during the past 54 months. Epidemiologic, clinical, cultural, and serologic data which were obtained emphasize (1) the high incidence of urban cases; (2) contact with dogs as the most likely source of infection; and (3) that serotypes other than Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae may produce severe clinical disease. Unusual or previously unreported manifestations of leptospirosis including acalculous cholecystitis, pancreatitis, abdominal causalgia, desquamating skin rashes, and infarction of the extremities which were noted in these children are discussed.
Model coupling intraparticle diffusion/sorption, nonlinear sorption, and biodegradation processes.

Diffusion, sorption and biodegradation are key processes impacting the efficiency of natural attenuation. While each process has been studied individually, limited information exists on the kinetic coupling of these processes. In this paper, a model is presented that couples nonlinear and nonequilibrium sorption (intraparticle diffusion) with biodegradation kinetics. Initially, these processes are studied independently (i.e., intraparticle diffusion, nonlinear sorption and biodegradation), with appropriate parameters determined from these independent studies. Then, the coupled processes are studied, with an initial data set used to determine biodegradation constants that were subsequently used to successfully predict the behavior of a second data set. The validated model is then used to conduct a sensitivity analysis, which reveals conditions where biodegradation becomes desorption rate-limited. If the chemical is not pre-equilibrated with the soil prior to the onset of biodegradation, then fast sorption will reduce aqueous concentrations and thus biodegradation rates. Another sensitivity analysis demonstrates the importance of including nonlinear sorption in a coupled diffusion/sorption and biodegradation model. While predictions based on linear sorption isotherms agree well with solution concentrations, for the conditions evaluated this approach overestimates the percentage of contaminant biodegraded by as much as 50%. This research demonstrates that nonlinear sorption should be coupled with diffusion/sorption and biodegradation models in order to accurately predict bioremediation and natural attenuation processes. To our knowledge this study is unique in studying nonlinear sorption coupled with intraparticle diffusion and biodegradation kinetics with natural media.
Perceived Overqualification, Emotional Support, and Health

In the present study, we examined the effects of perceived overqualification on health and the moderating effect of emotional support. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses found 2 indicators of perceived overqualification: “mismatch” and “no-grow.” Perceived mismatch had a significant negative effect on health but perceived no-grow did not. The main effect revealed that the greater the perceived emotional support, the greater the health. The significant interaction of perceived emotional support and mismatch, and perceived emotional support and no-grow on health indicates that the negative effects of overqualification on health was greater for those perceiving low emotional support than for those perceiving high emotional support. The significance of social support in illuminating the relationship between perceived overqualification and health are discussed.
Nitrile, Aldehyde, and Halonitroalkane Formation during Chlorination/Chloramination of Primary Amines

The decreasing availability of pristine water supplies is prompting drinking water utilities to exploit waters impacted by wastewater effluents and agricultural runoff. As these waters feature elevated organic nitrogen concentrations, the pathways responsible for transformation of organic nitrogen into toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts during chlorine and chloramine disinfection are of current concern. Partially degraded biomolecules likely constitute a significant fraction of organic nitrogen in these waters. As primary amines occur in important biomolecules, we investigated formation pathways for nitrile, aldehyde, and halonitroalkane byproducts during chlorination and chloramination of model primary amines. Chlorine and chloramines transformed primary amines to nitriles and aldehydes in significant yields overtime scales relevant to drinking water distribution systems. Yields of halonitroalkanes were less significant yet may be important because of the high toxicity associated with these compounds. Our results indicate that chloramination should reduce nitrile concentrations compared to chlorination but may increase the formation of aldehydes and halonitroalkanes at high oxidant doses.
Adenosylhopane: The first intermediate in hopanoid side chain biosynthesis

The hopanoid products synthesized by two mutant strains of Methylobacterium together suggest a biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the hopanoid side chain. Mutants deficient in the gene hpnH lack side chains entirely, while those deficient in hpnG accumulate adenosylhopane. These results are in accordance with adenosylhopane as a precursor to extended hopanoids and suggest that adenine is subsequently cleaved, possibly forming phosphoribohopane. We propose that the great diversity of microbial bacteriohopanepolyols and composite hopanoids reflects processes occurring downstream of this intermediate.
Towards gamma-ray lasers

We suggest that two types of γ-ray laser are possible : a gently pumped variety utilising isomer separation and the Mossbauer effect, and a vigorously pumped kind using fast neutron excitation of compressed matter.
Comment on “Nonlinear studies of coronal heating by the resonant absorption of Alfvén waves” by Ofman et al.

Ofman et al. [1994] claim to have simulated the nonlinear development of the resonant absorption of Alfven waves. We argue that linear resonant absorption does not occur in the configuration they studied and we suggest that phase mixing (refraction) is the dominant linear effect in their simulations. We point out, however, that their demonstrtion of the Kelvin-Helmholz instability of refracting Alfven waves may have important implications for solar coronal heating.
Visible Fluorescence Chemosensor for Saxitoxin

Absorption spectra of a number of shellfish extracts have been obtained and reveal prominent absorptions in all samples at 210 and 260 nm and at 325 nm in some of them. These absorptions preclude the use of chromophores with similar absorptions in testing of shellfish samples for paralytic shellfish toxins. Two crown ether chemosensors featuring a boron azadipyrrin chromophore have been synthesized; both have absorption maxima at 650 nm, where all the shellfish extracts are transparent. The synthetic sensors feature either 18- or 27-membered crown ether rings and have been evaluated as visible sensors for the paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin. The binding constant for one of them is in the range of 3−9 × 105 M-1 and exhibits a fluorescence enhancement of over 100% at 680 nm in the presence of 40 μM saxitoxin.
IS PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE RIGHT VENTRICULAR REMODELING IN WOMEN WITH REPAIRED TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Improved survival of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is coupled with the rise in pregnancy and related hospitalizations in women with ACHD. The physiologic loading of pregnancy may be associated with a longitudinal, persistent increase in right ventricular (RV) volumes in women with
Pineal antigonadotrophic substances: polypeptides and indoles.

Abstract Two categories of compounds, polypeptides and indoles, are discussed in terms of their potential importance as pineal antigonadotrophic substances. One of the polypeptides has been structurally identified as arginine vasotocin. Arginine vasotocin and other peptides of unknown structural identity have been found to be strongly antigonadotrophic in experimental animals. Besides melatonin, the gonad-inhibiting ability of several other pineal indoles including serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophol, 5-methoxytryptophol and N-acetylserotonin was considered. In addition to its gonad suppressing ability, in three species of rodents melatonin has been shown to negate the antigonadotrophic effects of the pineal gland, i.e., it acts as a counter antigonadotrophic factor. A theory is presented in which the indoles may interact with the polypeptides in the control and/or the synthesis of the latter compounds. A mechanism for the secretion of pineal polypeptides is also considered. It is concluded that it is premature to classify any pineal constituent, be it a polypeptide or an indole, as the antigonadotrophic factor of the mammalian pineal gland.
Computations of aerodynamic drag for spinning transonic projectiles using an implicit TVD scheme

The performance of a spinning secant‐ogive‐cylinder‐boattail projectile in the transonic regime in terms of aerodynamic drag has been analyzed numerically in this study. To obtain an accurate prediction of the spinning effect on individual drag components and total drag of a projectile for the shell design, the implicit, diagonalied, symmetric Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) scheme, accompanied by a suitable grid, is employed to solve the thin‐layer axisymmetric Navier‐Stokes equations associated with the Baldwin‐Lomax turbulence model. The computed results show that, in comparison with the non‐spinning case, to increase the spin rate can result in increases in viscous drag and nose pressure drag, but can cause decreases in boattail drag and base drag. The variations of these drag components result in only a small (less than 5%) increase in total drag; thus the performance of the transonic projectiles is found to be insensitive to the spin rate.
Cell-free and cell-based approaches for bone regeneration

The clinical augmentation of bone currently involves the use of autogenous or allogeneic bone grafts and synthetic materials, all of which are associated with limitations. Research on the safe enhancement of bone formation concerns the potential value of scaffolds, stem cells, gene therapy, and chemical and mechanical signals. Optimal scaffolds are engineered to provide mechanical stability while supporting osteogenesis, osteoconduction and/or osteoinduction. Scaffold materials include natural or synthetic polymers, ceramics, and composites. The resorption, mechanical strength and efficacy of these materials can be manipulated through structural and chemical design parameters. Cell-seeded scaffolds contain stem cells or progenitor cells, such as culture-expanded marrow stromal cells and multipotent skeletal progenitor cells sourced from other tissues. Despite extensive evidence from proof-of-principle studies, bone tissue engineering has not translated to clinical practice. Much of the research involves in vitro and animal models that do not replicate potential clinical applications. Problem areas include cell sources and numbers, over-reliance on existing scaffold materials, optimum delivery of factors, control of transgene expression, vascularization, integration with host bone, and the capacity to form bone and marrow structures in vivo. Current thinking re-emphasizes the potential of biomimetic materials to stimulate, enhance, or control bone's innate regenerative capacity at the implantation site.
Quantitative trait loci mapping reveals candidate pathways regulating cell cycle duration in Plasmodium falciparum

Elevated parasite biomass in the human red blood cells can lead to increased malaria morbidity. The genes and mechanisms regulating growth and development of Plasmodium falciparum through its erythrocytic cycle are not well understood. We previously showed that strains HB3 and Dd2 diverge in their proliferation rates, and here use quantitative trait loci mapping in 34 progeny from a cross between these parent clones along with integrative bioinformatics to identify genetic loci and candidate genes that control divergences in cell cycle duration. Genetic mapping of cell cycle duration revealed a four-locus genetic model, including a major genetic effect on chromosome 12, which accounts for 75% of the inherited phenotype variation. These QTL span 165 genes, the majority of which have no predicted function based on homology. We present a method to systematically prioritize candidate genes using the extensive sequence and transcriptional information available for the parent lines. Putative functions were assigned to the prioritized genes based on protein interaction networks and expression eQTL from our earlier study. DNA metabolism or antigenic variation functional categories were enriched among our prioritized candidate genes. Genes were then analyzed to determine if they interact with cyclins or other proteins known to be involved in the regulation of cell cycle. We show that the divergent proliferation rate between a drug resistant and drug sensitive parent clone is under genetic regulation and is segregating as a complex trait in 34 progeny. We map a major locus along with additional secondary effects, and use the wealth of genome data to identify key candidate genes. Of particular interest are a nucleosome assembly protein (PFL0185c), a Zinc finger transcription factor (PFL0465c) both on chromosome 12 and a ribosomal protein L7Ae-related on chromosome 4 (PFD0960c).
Vector performance analysis of the NEC SX-2

This paper presents the results of a series of experiments to study the vector performance of the NEC SX-2. The main object of this study is to understand the architecture and identify its bottlenecks and limiting factors. A simple performance model is used to examine the impact of certain architectural features on the performance of a set of basic operations. The results of implementing this set on the machine for four vector lengths and three memory strides are presented and compared. These results show that the vector length and the ratio of floating point operations to memory references have a great impact on the performance of the machine. Two numerical algorithms are also employed and the results of these algorithms and the basic operations are compared to early results on one processor of the Cray-2 and Cray Y-MP. These comparisons show that the SX-2 is faster than the Cray Y-MP by up to 86% for short vectors and by 2 to 4 times for long vectors. Also, it outperformed the Cray-2 by even bigger factors. Finally, the architecture of the SX-X is presented, and some predictions about its performance are given.
Source parameters of small earthquakes recorded at 2.5 km depth, Cajon Pass, southern California: Implications for earthquake scaling

A 2.5 km deep triaxial seismometer at Cajon Pass in southern California has recorded several hundred earthquakes <ML4.0 occurring within the San Andreas fault system. At 2.5 km seismic background noise is below amplifier sensitivity and the 2–250 Hz spectral range of recorded seismic motion is wider and higher than that of most natural event catalogs. Compared with downhole recorded motion, seismic amplitudes at the surface are amplified below 10 Hz and severely attenuated above 30 Hz. We estimate that QS is at least 1000 for wave motion at 2.5 km and below and QP is over 2000. The range of source dimensions in the downhole recorded catalog is ∼10 m to ∼70 m (ML∼−2.0, Mo∼108 Nm to ML∼2.7, Mo∼1013 Nm). The plot of log(source-radius) vs log(moment) has a straight line trend compatible with earthquake scaling at constant stress drop; inferred stress drops are scattered between 1 and 500 bars. There is no evidence in the catalog for the proposed minimum source dimension at ∼100 m. When the Cajon Pass borehole catalog, containing some of the smallest recorded natural earthquakes, is combined with 800 larger events from previous studies, the moment-radius trend suggests that natural earthquakes are self-similar over a magnitude range M∼−2 to ∼8. We suggest that inferences of minimum source dimension are more likely due to bias in bandlimited individual catalogs than to properties of the seismic crust.
The series elastic component in muscle.

Abstract Electron microscopic pictures of the muscle show that the protofibrils of the cross striated muscle are built alternatingly of contractile and elastic segments. The division lies in histological dimensions. In its middle every sarcomer contains such an elastic segment.
Talking the Talk: Library Classroom Communication and International Students

Language is a primary barrier for international students in library instruction classes. This article reviews the literature on classroom communication from both the second language acquisition and library fields, and suggests ways in which second language acquisition research can be applied to communication with international students in library classrooms.
Heteroatom activated β-lactam antibiotics: Synthesis of biologically active substituted N-oxy-3-amino-2-azetidinones (oxamazins)

Abstract Representatives of a new class of oxygen activated β-lactams (oxamazins) have been synthesized from N-hydroxy-3-amino-2-azetidinones. The oxamazins show significant activity predominantly against Gram negative bacteria.
Changing concepts in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion: vascularized bone graft based on the 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery

Abstract Scaphoid fractures are a common injury encountered by hand surgeons. Fracture union can generally be achieved with cast immobilization or open reduction and internal fixation. Occasionally, these fractures fail to heal despite proper treatment or a nonunion may result from an unrecognized fracture. Traditionally, scaphoid nonunions have been treated with autologous bone grafts from the iliac crest; however, if the proximal pole is poorly vascularized, union may be difficult to achieved. Vascularized bone grafts are an alternate technique for difficult scaphoid nonunions, particularly those with avascular necrosis of the proximal segment. A graft from the distal radius based on the 1,2-intercompartmental supraretinacular artery is an excellent option for scaphoid nonunions. This article describes the anatomy of the 1,2-ICSRA and the surgical technique of harvesting a graft based on this pedicle. Vascularized bone grafts represent a changing concept in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions and provide a powerful tool for a difficult problem. The indications for this procedure continue to increase.
Experimental dynamic metamorphism of mineral single crystals

Abstract This paper is a review of some of the rich and varied interactions between non-hydrostatic stress and phase transformations or mineral reactions, drawn mainly from results of experiments done on mineral single crystals in our laboratory or our co-authors. The state of stress and inelastic deformation can enter explicitly into the equilibrium phase relations and kinetics of mineral reactions. Alternatively, phase transformations can have prominent effects on theology and on the nature of inelastic deformation. Our examples represent five types of structural phase changes, each of which is distinguished by particular mechanical effects. In increasing structural complexity, these include: (1) displacive phase transformations involving no bond-breaking, which may produce anomalous brittle behavior. A primary example is the a - β quartz transition which shows anomalously low fracture strength and tertiary creep behavior near the transition temperature; (2) martensitic-like transformations involving transformation strains dominated by shear deformation. Examples include the orthoenstatite → clinoenstatite and w u rtzite → sphalerite transformations; (3) coherent exsolution or precipitation of a mineral solute from a supersaturated solid-solution, with anisotropy of precipitation and creep rates produced under nonhydrostatic stress. Examples include exsolution of corundum from MgO · n Al 2 O 3 spinels and Ca-clinopyroxene from orthopyroxene; (4) order-disorder transformations that are believed to cause anomalous plastic yield strengthening, such as MgO - nAl 2 O 3 spinels; and (5) near-surface devolatilization of hydrous silicate single-crystals that produces a fundamental brittleness thought to be connected with dehydration at microcracks at temperatures well below nominal macroscopic dehydration temperatures. As none of these interactions between single-crystal phase transformations and non-hydrostatic stress is understood in detail, this paper serves as a challenge to field structural geologists to test whether interactions of these types occur in nature, and to theoreticians to reach a deeper understanding of the complex relations between phase transformations, the local state of stress and associated deformation and deformation rates.
Treatment Options for Stage I Nonseminoma

Three weeks ago, a healthy 29-year-old man underwent a left orchiectomy for a left testis mass revealing a 3-cmmixednonseminomatousgermcelltumorcomposedofembryonalcarcinomaandteratoma.Lymphovascular invasion was identified (Fig 1), but there was no invasion into the rete testis or other structures. Preoperative -fetoprotein was elevated at 42 ng/mL but normalized to 3.5 ng/mL postoperatively. Human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase were normal both before and after orchiectomy. A computedtomographyscanofthechest,abdomen,andpelviswithcontrastobtained1weekagorevealedno evidence of retroperitoneal adenopathy or other sites of metastatic disease. The patient presents to see his physician, eager to discuss his treatment options and make a decision between adjuvant treatment and surveillance.
The Idea of Economics in a University

Relying on John Henry Newman's Idea of a University, this paper explores the relation between economics and other disciplines. Newman had high regard for disciplinary specialization, which he thought would teach students and scholars how to think and would keep them intellectually honest. At the same time, he insisted that the learning and exploring of a science had to take place within a university, that is, with proper regard to the science's place among other disciplines. This paper contributes to the debate on the proper way to do economics by applying to it Newman's ideas, arguing that it is at its best when faithful to its own character, as long as it seeks out the contributions and the corrections of other disciplines. Indeed, because economics focuses on order, principle, and method, and because it provides a "connected view or grasp of things," it can contribute to the cultivation of the philosophical habit of mind. JEL: A11, A20, B40. Key words: John Henry Newman, university curriculum, integration. (Economics is) a science simply lawful and useful … at the same time dangerous and leading to occasions of sin … and in consequence, if studied by itself, and apart from the control of Revealed Truth, sure to conduct a speculator to unchristian conclusions. - John Henry Newman, The Idea of a University (Newman, 1982 (1873), p. 64)
Cultural competence--marginal or mainstream movement?

Culture plays a large role in shaping health-related values, beliefs, and behavior. Dr. Joseph R. Betancourt argues that cultural competence is not a panacea, but a necessary set of skills for physicians who wish to deliver high-quality care to all patients.
Exact and approximate solutions to the one‐center McMurchie–Davidson tree‐search problem

We have attempted to optimize the cost (the total number of floating-point operations required) of using the McMurchie-Davidson RNLM, recurrence relation. Rigorous solutions of the tree-search problem inherent in the cost minimization are given for total angular momentum L 5 7. For L 2 8, the rigorous search algorithm is prohibitively expensive, and we propose an approximate algorithm that generates highly optimized trees. Cost comparisons demonstrate that the present scheme is consistently superior to two others currently in use. Many popular methods [l-71 for computation of two-electron repulsion integrals (ERIS) over Gaussian basis functions [8] are based upon the use of recurrence relations to construct the needed ERIS recursively from easily computed quantities involving the incomplete gamma function. The familiar scheme [l] due to McMurchie and Davidson (MD) involves certain one-center integrals related by a two-term recurrence relation, and some of the more recent algorithms for computing ERIS and their derivatives, such as the PRISM method of Gill and Pople [7], also make use of these one-center integrals and the associated recurrence relation. Optimization of the use of the recurrence relation has been addressed by Gill, Head-Gordon, and Pople [4], as well as by Saunders [9], but prior to these, the topic had received little attention because the cost generally did not represent a major portion of the total cost of ERI evaluation by MD-based methods. However, in the PRISM algorithm of Gill and Pople, the cost of the MD recursion is significant in certain cases. For example, computing an entire class of (d, spld, sp) with degree of contraction equal to two using the PRISM CCTTT pathway [7] requires 57,766 floating-point operations (FLOPS), of which 28,189 or 48.8% correspond to the MD work. It is therefore of critical importance to optimize this transformation step. In this paper, we consider the problem of optimizing the cost, in terms of the number of FLOPS (adds, subtracts, multiplies, and divides), of producing the onecenter integrals by examining the tree-search problem that is inherent in the application of the MD recurrence relation. We describe search algorithms that were
Control Message Reduction Techniques in Backward Learning Ad Hoc Routing Protocols

Most existing wireless ad hoc routing protocols rely upon the use of backward learning technique with explicit control messages to route packets. In this paper we propose a set of techniques that can be applied in a backward learning routing algorithm in order to minimize or even eliminate explicit control messages for route discovery, setup, and maintenance, while minimally using implicit data-like control messages that need no special processing. We also show that such an algorithm does not need to prevent routing loops at all costs, such as by means of extensive network-wide spanning trees in traditional LAN bridges, or destination sequence numbers in AODV, or source- routing in DSR. In fact, we prove that transient loops can be safely allowed to occur when a simple route refresh mechanism is coupled with the use of packet identification field to effectively bound the lifetime of such transient loops without negatively impacting the network performance. Results demonstrate that even a routing algorithm without explicit control messages can perform competitively in comparison to AODV and DSR protocols while significantly reducing the protocol complexity.
Crystal structures of wild-type and mutated cyclophilin B that causes hyperelastosis cutis in the American quarter horse

Background: Hyperelastosis cutis is an inherited autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder. Affected horses are characterized by hyperextensible skin, scarring, and severe lesions along the back. The disorder is caused by a mutation in cyclophilin B. Results: The crystal structures of both wild-type and mutated (Gly6->Arg) horse cyclophilin B are presented. The mutation neither affects the overall fold of the enzyme nor impairs the catalytic site structure. Instead, it locally rearranges the flexible N-terminal end of the polypeptide chain and also makes it more rigid. Conclusions: Interactions of the mutated cyclophilin B with a set of endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteins must be affected.
Bumetanide blocks CFTR GCl in the native sweat duct.

Bumetanide is well known for its ability to inhibit the nonconductive Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransporter. We were surprised in preliminary studies to find that bumetanide in the contraluminal bath also inhib...
Magnetic resonance elastography of brain tumors: preliminary results

Purpose: To investigate the potential value of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in evaluating the consistency of brain tumors.Material and Methods: Six patients with known solid brain tumor underwent brain MRE studies. Consistency of brain tumors was evaluated at surgery. Correspondence of MRE evaluation with operative result was studied.Results: The elasticity of tumors in six patients evaluated by MRE agreed with the tumor consistency given by the operative results.Conclusion: MRE could be used as an imaging technique for noninvasive assessment of the consistency of brain tumor in vivo.
TM scattering from a conducting strip loaded by a dielectric cylinder

The problem considered is that of determining the induced current on, and field scattered by, a two-dimensional, flat, perfectly electrically conducting strip, which is edge loaded by a dielectric cylinder of circular cross-section. The strip is orientated radially with respect to the centre of the cylinder, and can be located outside, inside, or partially inside and partially outside the cylinder. The structure is excited by a plane-wave polarised transverse magnetic to the cylinder axis. A system of two coupled integral equations is derived for the current density on the strip in the presence of the cylinder, and is solved numerically by the method of moments. A series acceleration technique is devised to improve the convergence of the series incorporated in the kernels of the integral equations. Sample results are presented which illustrate how the current induced on the strip, the far field, and the radar cross-section are affected by the presence of the dielectric cylinder.
Responses to Drug-Induced Myocardial Necrosis in Rats with Various Degrees of Arteriosclerosis

Severe myocardial necrosis was produced in virgin Sprague-Dawley rats without preexisting arteriosclerosis and in breeder Sprague-Dawley rats with various degrees of arteriosclerosis by giving two subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol; the virgin rats received 50 mg/100 g and the breeder rats 25 mg/100 g body weight. Breeder rats withstood the stress and shock of myocardial necrosis with fewer untoward effects than the virgin animals. Changes in the thymus and adrenal glands also indicated that the arteriosclerotic breeder rats responded with a different pattern of adrenocortical activity. There were marked differences between the nonarteriosclerotic and arteriosclerotic rats in the fluctuation of serum transaminases and lactic dehydrogenase levels during the stress of myocardial necrosis. During the acute stages of myocardial necrosis there was intense activation of lipid metabolism with gross and microscopic evidence of intense fatty infiltration of the liver; during myocardial repair this lipid was removed concomitantly with reduction of hypercholesteremia. The dichotomy of response has been ascribed to the possibility that the preexisting arteriosclerosis in the breeder rats led to the development of increased collateral coronary artery circulation which afforded some degree of protection to the myocardium.
An exploratory study of postpartum depression and vitamin d.

BACKGROUND: Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), a reliable measurement of vitamin D, have been implicated in several mood disorders. To date, studies exploring the relationship between vitamin D and postpartum depression are absent from the literature. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a relationship exists between symptoms associated with postpartum depression and vitamin D levels and to determine if serum 25(OH) D levels can predict the incidence of symptoms associated with postpartum depression. STUDY DESIGN: An exploratory, descriptive study using a convenience sample of 97 postpartum women attending seven monthly visits. Women provided serum 25(OH)D samples and completed the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at each visit. RESULTS: A significant relationship over time was found between low 25(OH)D levels and high EPDS scores, indicative of postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS: Future rigorous studies investigating vitamin D and postpartum depression are warranted with larger sa...