cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and clinical application of a low-pass input filter for the evaluation of intracardiac electrograms during radiofrequency catheter ablation

Successful ablation of an accessory pathway using radiofrequency current may be defined by the elimination of ventricular preexcitation or the loss of eccentric retrograde atrial activation.1 Because of the low voltages of intracardiac electrograms (0.1 to 5.0 mV) compared with the high voltages applied during radiofrequency ablation (30 to 50 V), monitoring of local electrograms during ablation may not be feasible with conventional biopotential amplification and filtering systems2. However, given the fundamental differences in signal frequencies between intracardiac electrograms (10 to 230 Hz) and radiofrequency current (550 to 750 KHz), selective attenuation of high-frequency radiofrequency signals and amplification of the lower frequency intracardiac electrograms may allow continuous monitoring of intracardiac electrograms during ablation.3 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and clinical use of an input bandpass filter, selective for frequencies < 1 KHz, which allowed continuous monitoring of intracardiac electrograms in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathways.
Behavioral and electrophysiological effects of phenylethanolamine and 2-phenylethylamine.

The electrophysiological and behavioral effects of phenylethanolamine (OHPEA) and of its precursor 2-phenylethylamine (PEA) were studied in mice and rabbits. In animals pretreated with MAOI, PEA was found to exert strong amphetamine-like effects, EEG alerting, reduction of visual evoked responses, increased locomotor activity, and blockade of tonic seizures induced by electroshock. OHPEA exerted weaker amphetamine-like effects. Inhibition of dopamine-Β-hydroxylase increased most of the effects of PEA. In non-pretreated animals, OHPEA was found to shorten electroshock latency and to prolong the duration of visual evoked responses. PEA (but not OHPEA) potentiated the excitement induced by δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in MAOI-pretreated mice. Reserpine pretreatment reduced but did not abolish the CNS effects of OHPEA and PEA. One may speculate that endogenous PEA is more likely to serve as a modulator for ergotropic functions than is endogenous OHPEA.
Discrete aerodynamic sensitivity analysis on decomposed computational domains

Abstract A new scheme is presented for solving the large sparse unsymmetric systems of linear equations which arise from the application of the aerodynamic sensitivity equation to large two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional design optimization problems. Performance comparisons between a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) method and a direct solution method are performed on a single computational domain. Results show that, due to the use of preconditioning, the GMRES method requires almost the same memory allocation as that required by the direct method. Moreover, it is found that for many right-hand sides of the above systems, the GMRES method is significantly less efficient than the direct method. Since large systems cannot be solved by direct methods on a single domain, due to the computer memory limitations, the computational domain in the new scheme is divided into small manageable ones and each one is solved separately. In addition to the savings in memory requirements, this scheme can be applied easily to complex-geometry problems which cannot be represented by single computational grids. The computational performance of this scheme is assessed by considering the flow over a transonic airfoil. The sensitivity equation is solved for three cases where the computational domains are represented by different numbers of subdomains. Identical results are obtained in all cases without any visible effect due to the subdivisions of the computational grids. This indicates the scheme's high accuracy in solving the above system on decomposed computational domains.
Decay of messenger ribonucleic acid from the lactose operon of Escherichia coli as a function of growth temperature.

The inactivation rates of the first, β-galactosidase, and last, transacetylase, messages of the lactose operon of Escherichia coli were measured at different growth temperatures. The inactivation rate of each message appears to increase exponentially with temperature. The rate constant for this increase is almost twice as high for transacetylase message as it is for β-galactosidase message. The inactivation rate is more a direct function of growth temperature than of growth rate. At 15 °C transacetylase message is inactivated about 2.5 times more slowly than is β-galactosidase message. This difference is not paralleled by a different rate of chemical loss of the β-galactosidase message compared to the distal lac mRNA; all parts of the molecule appear to be lost at the same rate. This same pattern is observed in decay of the total mRNA; loss of capacity to direct peptide synthesis (functional inactivation) occurs at variable rates whereas loss of mRNA mass (chemical degradation) seems to occur at a uniform rate. We conclude that each message has a unique target for inactivation with a specifie temperature coefficient of sensitivity, and the inactivation of a message need not be associated with chemical destruction of the molecule.
Weight Cycling Alters Muscular Strength and Endurance, Ratings of Perceived Exertion, and Total Body Water in College Wrestlers:

Weight cycling is the continued loss of body weight practiced by wrestlers to compete in a lower weight class. Effects of weight cycling on muscular strength, muscular endurance, total body water, and ratings of perceived exertion of the dominant hamstring-quadricep and shoulder girdle were examined in 19 wrestlers during a collegiate season. Over a 4.5-mo. period, total body water changes occurred only during acute dehydration. A decrease of ≥3% of body weight over a 24-hr. period was classified as acute dehydration. Large muscle groups changed little in muscular strength and endurance whereas the smaller shoulder abductors and adductors and hamstring muscles were differentially affected at times of testing. Ratings of perceived exertion declined after the 4.5-mo. wrestling season of weight cycling but not at times of acute dehydration.
Development of the specialized AMPA receptors of auditory neurons

At maturity, the AMPA receptors of auditory neurons exhibit very rapid desensitization kinetics and high permeability to calcium, reflecting the predominance of GluR3 flop and GluR4 flop subunits and the paucity of GluR2. We used mRNA analysis and immunoblotting to contrast the development of AMPA receptor structure in the chick cochlear nucleus [nucleus magnocellularis (NM)] with that of the slowly desensitizing and calcium-impermeable AMPA receptors of brainstem motor neurons in the nucleus of the glossopharyngeal/vagal nerves. The relative abundance of transcripts for GluRs 1-4 changes substantially in auditory (but not motor) neurons after embryonic day (E)10, with large decreases in GluR2 and increases in GluR3 and GluR4. Relative to the motor neurons, NM neurons show a higher abundance of flop isoforms of GluRs 2-4 at E10, suggesting that auditory neurons are already biased toward expression of flop isoforms before the onset of synaptic function at E11. Immunoreactivities in NM show very distinct developmental patterns from E13 onward: GluR2 declines by >90%, GluR3 increases threefold, and GluR4 remains relatively constant. Our results show that there are a series of critical points during normal development, most occurring after the onset of function, when rapid changes in receptor structure (occurring via both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms) produce the specialized AMPA receptor functions that enable auditory neurons to accurately encode acoustic information.
Negotiating Professional Identities in Teacher Education: A Closer Look at the Language of One Preservice Teacher

The emotional and cognitive work of becoming a teacher is often unknown to preservice teachers, leaving many to negotiate professional identities without support from teacher educators. This article examines how one preservice teacher, Ava Mendon, used language to negotiate professional identities and to build professional confidence during her teacher-education experiences. Multiple in-depth interviews were analyzed using discourse analysis techniques to reveal three key experiences that propelled Ava to negotiate her professional identity. Findings indicate the need for teacher educators to deliberately provide opportunities for preservice teachers to negotiate identities in teacher-education experiences to develop professional confidence as beginning teachers.
Mesial temporal sclerosis after status epilepticus due to milk alkali syndrome

Seizures induced by hypercalcemia are rare. A few case reports of seizures associated with hypercalcemia have been published, but none due to the milk alkali syndrome. This is the first report regarding seizures associated with calcium carbonate overuse. The two patients described in this article, who had no risk factors for developing epilepsy, suffered from status epilepticus probably induced by hypercalcemia. Subsequently, they both developed complex partial seizures, and were later found to have mesial temporal sclerosis on MRI. There are no reports linking hypercalcemia to mesial temporal sclerosis. While this may be a coincidence, there is reason to suspect that the development of persistent epilepsy, possibly due to mesial temporal sclerosis, was caused by prolonged seizures induced by hypercalcemia.
Oral Vibrotactile Sensation: An Evaluation of Normal and Defective Speakers

This investigation was concerned with testing for threshold responses to oral and nonoral region vibrotactile stimulation between a group of normal-speaking adults and a group with “functional” art...
Effects of oestradiol-17β implantation on performance, carcass traits, meat sensory traits and endocrine aspects of bulls and steers.

Abstract Twenty-eight Simmental bull calves were randomly allotted to one of three treatments at birth. Ten bulls (IB) and nine steers (IS), castrated within 3 days of birth, were implanted with oestradiol (E 2 ). The remaining calves were non-implanted, control bulls (CB). Calves were implanted within 3 days of birth and at 200-day intervals until slaughter at 14·8 months of age and at a mean carcass weight of 381·6 kg. Blood samples were taken every 14 days from 9·8 through 14·8 months and serum was analyzed for E 2 and testosterone (T) levels. Carcasses were chilled in a 3 to 7°C cooler. Carcass data were obtained and aged longissimus dorsi steaks were evaluated by a trained sensory panel and a Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) device. Scrotal circumferences were smaller ( P P P P 2 increased ( P 2 levels and tended ( P 2 in IS and IB were drastically increased ( P P P P P P longissimus dorsi sensory traits was that steaks from IB were juicier than steaks from CB. Also, WBS values were lower ( P
Haloperidol Decanoate Pharmacokinetics in Red Blood Cells and Plasma

Red blood cell (RBC) and plasma concentrations of haloperidol (H) and reduced haloperidol (RH) were determined in nine patients (five men, four women) who had been receiving monthly injections of haloperidol decanoate (HD) for at least 3 months. A very sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method was used to measure H and RH, which could be detected at levels as low as 0.1 ng/ml. Blood samples for H and RH were drawn at the end of weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 of a 4-week cycle. Monthly HD dosages ranged from 50 mg to 200 mg. At each time point RBC H did not differ significantly from plasma H. RBC RH and plasma RH did not change significantly over time and were consistently lower than RBC H and plasma H. However, RBC RH levels were higher than plasma RH levels. Also, the ratios of RBC RH/H were higher than were the ratios of plasma RH/H, which reflect an accumulation of RH intracellularly. HD dosage was highly correlated with both RBC H and plasma H, but RBC RH and plasma RH were not significantly related to dosage at any time point. Significant correlations were observed between HD dosage and prolactin concentration at week 1 and between prolactin concentration and RBC H and plasma H at weeks 1 and 4. Blood concentrations of H and RH and the corresponding standardized areas under the curve were not significantly related to smoking.
1435 EFFECT OF VARYING HEAD POSITION ON CEREBRAL 31-P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) SPECTROSCOPY

1435 EFFECT OF VARYING HEAD POSITION ON CEREBRAL 31-P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) SPECTROSCOPY
A faint discrete source origin for the highly ionized iron emission from the Galactic Centre region.

The origin of the X-ray emission for the central region of our Galaxy has remained a mystery1,2,3,4. In particular, the relative spectral contributions of the diffuse emission and discrete sources, which are critical to understanding the high-energy phenomena in this environment, have been unclear because of the lack of sufficient spatial resolution. Here we report the results of a large-scale imaging survey of the Galactic Centre that resolves these components. We find that the Kα emission from iron that has been highly ionized (so that it has only two electrons left), which has previously been attributed to the diffuse component1, actually arises mainly from discrete sources. This suggests that the presence of a large amount of hot gas (T ≈ 108 K) is no longer required to explain the iron line emission. The spectra of the discrete sources indicate the presence of numerous accreting white dwarfs, neutron stars, and/or black holes in the region. The diffuse emission dominates over the contribution from the faint point sources, and is shown to be associated globally with interstellar features that have been observed at radio and mid-infrared wavelengths, suggesting that it is the product of recent massive star formation.
Impact of Pager Notification on Report Verification Times

Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the impact on times of verification (TOVs) by a pager notification system (PNS) that informs physicians when reports are available for signature.
Commentary: New Option for Facial Volume: Volumizing with a 20‐mg/mL Smooth, Highly Cohesive, Viscous Hyaluronic Acid Filler and Its Role in Facial Rejuvenation Therapy

Derek Jones, MD, serves as an investigator, consultant, and speaker to Allergan and Merz/Bioform.
Emergency department medication lists are not accurate.

Abstract Background: Medication errors are a common source of adverse events. Errors in the home medication list may impact care in the Emergency Department (ED), the hospital, and the home. Medication reconciliation, a Joint Commission requirement, begins with an accurate home medication list. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the ED home medication list. Methods: Prospective, observational study of patients aged > 64 years admitted to the hospital. After obtaining informed consent, a home medication list was compiled by research staff after consultation with the patient, their family and, when appropriate, their pharmacy and primary care doctor. This home medication list was not available to ED staff and was not placed in the ED chart. ED records were then reviewed by a physician, blinded to the research-generated home medication list, using a standardized data sheet to record the ED list of medications. The research-generated home medication list was compared to the standard medication list and the number of omissions, duplications, and dosing errors was determined. Results: There were 98 patients enrolled in the study; 56% (55/98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 46–66%) of the medication lists for these patients had an omission and 80% (78/98, 95% CI 70–87%) had a dosing or frequency error; 87% of ED medication lists had at least one error (85/98, 95% CI 78–93%). Conclusion: Our findings now add the ED to the list of other areas within health care with inaccurate medication lists. Strategies are needed that support ED providers in obtaining and communicating accurate and complete medication histories.
Color Characteristics and Stability of Nonbleeding Cocktail Cherries Dyed with Carotenoid Pigments

Experimental cocktail cherries dyed with carotenoids and commercial cherries were compared by spectrocolorimetry to determine color characteristics and stability. Cherries dyed with canthaxanthin, apocarotenal and oleoresin paprika were more tomato- or orange-red than cherries dyed with Red No. 40, Red No. 3, or carmine. No color bleeding was observed with carotenoid-dyed cherries. The color of cherries dyed with canthaxanthin was stable for 1 year at 4 o C. Color stability was not as good in cherries dyed with apo-carotenal but could be improved greatly by addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetric acid (EDTA) and ascorbic acid to preservative solutions in which cherries were stored
The Social Calculus of Voting: Interpersonal, Media, and Organizational Influences on Presidential Choices

Voting choices are a product of both personal attitudes and social contexts, of a personal and a social calculus. Research has illuminated the personal calculus of voting, but the social calculus has received little attention since the 1940s. This study expands our understanding of the social influences on individual choice by examining the relationship of partisan biases in media, organizational, and interpersonal intermediaries to the voting choices of Americans. Its results show that the traditional sources of social influence still dominate: Interpersonal discussion outweighs the media in affecting the vote. Media effects appear to be the product of newspaper editorial pages rather than television or newspaper reporting, which contain so little perceptible bias that they often are misperceived as hostile. Parties and secondary organizations also are influential, but only for less interested voters—who are more affected by social contexts in general. Overall, this study demonstrates that democratic citizens are embedded in social contexts that join with personal traits in shaping their voting decisions.
The Contemporary Security Dilemma: Deterring a Taiwan Conflict

Successful deterrence requires both threats and assurances about the conditionality of those threats. The real security dilemma is how to be tough enough without being overly provocative. Deterrence across the Taiwan Strait is possible, but not simple. Here's how.
Impact of Chronic Renal Insufficiency on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Bare Metal Stents

Patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) have higher rates of target vessel revascularization and mortality. The efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) to improve the clinical outcomes of these patients is unknown. We investigated the effect of SESs versus bare metal stents (BMSs) on outcomes of patients with CRI. Among the first 1,522 patients treated with SESs, 76 were identified with CRI and 1,446 without CRI. In-hospital and 1- and 6-month clinical outcomes were compared with 153 patients with CRI who were treated with BMSs. Patients with CRI were older, hypertensive, and diabetic and had more previous myocardial infarctions, revascularizations, and decreased left ventricular function (p
Scheduling Non-Preemptive Deferrable Loads

Accurate control of deferrable electrical loads results in an aggregate load profile more desirable to the system operator. This in turn could lead to reduced peak consumption of power, less ramping of generators and lower emissions of greenhouse gases. In this paper, we describe an algorithm which automatically schedules deferrable loads. The scheduling is carried out by a greedy algorithm which attempts to reduce the error between the scheduled load profile and a predefined “target” load profile. We develop scheduling algorithms for two scenarios: a notified system where load demands are known in advance and a stochastic system, where load demands are random. The algorithms rely on appropriate approximation methods and are evaluated in a dataset collected from a large number of households. We show the algorithms can be used for reducing peak consumption and describe a correspondence between deferrability and storage devices.
Cocaine self-administration under variable-dose schedules in squirrel monkeys

Squirrel monkeys self-administered cocaine under a variable-dose schedule, with the dose varied from injection to injection. As in earlier studies with rats, post-injection pauses varied as a monotonic function of dose, allowing a cocaine dose-effect curve to be obtained during each session. These curves were shifted by pretreatment with dopamine antagonists, demonstrating that this procedure may provide an efficient means of evaluating treatments that affect drug self-administration. However, drug intake eventually became "dysregulated" after extensive training (100-300 sessions), with relatively short pauses following all doses. Dose-sensitivity was restored by adding a 60-s timeout period after each injection, suggesting that dysregulation occurred because the monkeys developed a tendency to self-administer another injection before the previous injection had been adequately distributed. Finally, when the response requirement under the variable-dose schedule was increased from 1 to 10, both the post-injection pause and the rate of responding following the pause ("run rates") were found to vary with dose. The dose-dependency of run rates suggests that post-injection pauses reflect not only motivational factors, such as satiety, but also the direct effects of cocaine on leverpressing.
Mammography screen-film selection: individual facility testing technique.

Variations in tube output, film processing, and radiologist’s preferences affect the screen–film combination that is appropriate for any particular mammographic facility. A technique to test a variety of screen–film combinations for screening mammography is described. Films are selected for testing because of their sensitometric characteristics. Dose and clinical reliability are established with phantoms before the screen–film combinations are used to image consecutive patients having bilateral examinations. The mammograms selected for evaluation are those with similar optical density ranges, and which also may be compared to available previous mammograms or which have unusual mammographic findings. All radiologists reading mammograms at a facility independently score the selected cases. Scores of ‘‘unacceptable,’’ ‘‘acceptable,’’ or ‘‘outstanding’’ are assigned to four basic imaging characteristics: sharpness, contrast, visibility of skin line, and noise. Interobserver variations by this method require normalization, unlike ROC analysis which is not applicable for this data because of the absence of proved pathologic diagnoses. The testing of 5 films and two screens using 42 patient examinations required 2 h of time from each radiologist. It took 7 h of the physicist’s time to pretest the 5 films, select the 42 acceptable examinations for testing by the radiologists, and summarize the data.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF HYPERPHALANGISM ASSOCIATED WITH FOREARM AND ELBOW ANOMALIES

Hyperphalangism is characterized by an extra phalanx between the phalanges of a finger, usually excluding the thumb. This abnormality is distinguished from polydactyly and polyphalangism in that the hand has more phalanges in the fingers and no extra fingers. Because the digits are small and short, a better term to describe this abnormality would be "brachyhyperphalangism",7 but the term is cumbersome and unpopular. We have reviewed the world literature up to the present time and have never seen reported elbow abnormalities associated with hyperphalangism.
Lipocortin 1 Binding to Human Leukocytes Correlates with Its Ability to Inhibit IgG Interactions with Fcγ Receptors

Abstract The anti-inflammatory protein lipocortin 1 has been proposed as a mediator of some of the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoid hormones. In view of reported glucocorticoid effects on leukocyte Fcγ receptors, the effect of short-term lipocortin 1 pre-incubation on expression and IgG binding capacity of human Fcγ receptors was examined in vitro . The formation of erythrocyte-antibody rosettes, binding of fluoresceinated IgG ligand and the expression of three defined types of Fcγ receptors were observed following lipocortin 1 treatment. Maximal inhibition of EA rosettlng (70%) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a 30-50% inhibition of binding of fluoresceinated human IgG1 to purified human monocytes occurred in the presence of 400 nM lipocortin 1 (p
Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers for the Pond Production of Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum

ABSTRACT Walleye were stocked at 20 fry/m3 and raised for 45-47 days in earthen ponds that were fertilized with organic or inorganic fertilizers. Organically fertilized ponds received periodic doses of alfalfa meal and torrula yeast. Nitrogen and phosphorus levels of 600 ug/L and 30 ug/L, respectively, were maintained by twice-weekly additions of liquid fertilizers in ponds of the inorganic treatment. Growth, survival, and production offish were not affected by the fertilizer treatment. The use of inorganic fertilizers is recommended for the pond production of walleye because it is easier and less costly than traditional methods involving the use of organic fertilizers.
Autologous Blood Transfusion in a Pediatric Population Safety and Efficacy

A program for both preoperative collection and intraoperative salvage of autologous blood was established for a pediatric population. Eighty two patients, 16 years old or younger, participated during a 2-year period. Thirty four had blood collected preoperatively and 48 utilized salvaged blood only. Only 5 percent of preoperative donations were associated with any adverse reaction and all reactions were mild. Salvaged blood provided an average of 48 percent of all blood needs in those patients in whom it was used alone; in only 10 percent of cases did it provide for all of the patient's blood needs. Preoperatively collected blood met an average of 74 percent of blood needs when it was used alone; in half of the cases it was the only blood the patient required. The combination of preoperatively collected and intraoperative salvaged blood was highly successful, meeting an average of 94 percent of blood needs and supplying all blood needs in 77 percent of these patients.
Dronedarone: an alternate choice to sotalol and amiodarone in the treatment of atrial fibrillation/flutter in patients who have coronary heart disease.

A large number of patients with atrialfibrillation (AF) have coronary heart disease (CHD) or concomitant risk factors. In ATHENA (Aplacebocontrolled,doubleblindTrialtoassesstheefficacyofdronedarone for the prevention of cardiovascular Hospitalization or death from any cause in patiENts with Atrial fibrillation and flutter), 30%ofthepatientshadCHD. 1 TheresultsoftheCAST(CardiacArrhythmiaSuppressionTrial) 2 led physicianstocarefullyselectantiarrhythmic drugs that can be used safely in the CHD population. The clinical trials have demonstrated neutral mortality risk in CHD patients treated with sotalol, amiodarone, dofetilide, and most recently dronedarone. 1,3‐6 Based on these data, these drugs have been recommended by the guidelines for use in the CHD population. 7‐9 Dofetilide is only available in the USA and not included in the ESC guidelines. Thus, physicians in most countries only have sotalol, amiodarone, and dronedarone as therapeutic options for the treatment of AF in patients with CHD. Owing to the over prescribing of amiodarone and its potential adverse effects, the revised guidelines downgraded amiodarone as a second choice in many patientsubgroupswithAF. 7,8 TheresultsofthePALLAS(Permanent Atrial fibriLLAtion outcome Study using dronedarone on top of standardtherapy) 9 raisedconcernsofadverseoutcomeswithdronedaroneinpatientswithpermanentAF 10 andthisconcerndiminished someoftheenthusiasmforusingdronedaroneasafront-linealterna
Partially blind identification of FIR channels for QAM signals

For reliable communication equalization is necessary at the receiver. Conventional adaptive schemes rely on a known training signal to probe the unknown channel. In contrast, blind identification/equalization techniques do not require a training sequence, using instead the known statistical properties of the transmitted signal and observed statistics of the received data to estimate the channel response and/or the necessary equalizer. Our goal is to try to improve the conventional adaptive identifier by combining these approaches. Since, the resulting adaptive identifier uses both, a short training sequence and the properties of the transmitted signal to estimate the channel response, it is called a semiblind or a partially blind technique. This can also be looked at from the adaptive system identification point of view where both the direct (training signal) and indirect (data statistics) knowledge about the system are used for better system identification.
A Novel Engineered anti-CD20 Tracer Enables Early Time PET Imaging in a Humanized Transgenic Mouse Model of B-cell Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma

Purpose: The aim of this article was to evaluate the use of a novel engineered anti-CD20 protein based on the 10 kDa human fibronectin type 3 domain (FN3) and subsequently compare with 64 Cu-rituximab for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of CD20. Experimental Design: The engineered FN3 CD20 and FN3 WT were produced in Escherichia coli cells at 2 to 5 mg/L, conjugated to DOTA, labeled with 64 Cu, and used for PET imaging of huCD20 expression in B cells. Humanized transgenic mice and subcutaneously xenografted mice each received intravenous 64 Cu-FN3 CD20 or FN3 WT (3.7 MBq/4 μg Do-FN3 in 200 μL PBS). Control group received a blocking dose (50-fold excess) of unconjugated FN3 CD20 two hours before radiotracer injection. PET imaging was carried out at 1 to 24 hours postinjections. Results: In vitro assay demonstrated FN3 binds CD20 with 20 nmol/L affinity on CD20-expressing cells. 64 Cu-FN3 CD20 showed clear, high-contrast visualization of huCD20-expressing B cells in the spleen of transgenic mice as early as 1 hour postinjection [38 ± 3% injected dose (ID)/g] and exhibited a spleen-to-blood ratio of 13 by 4 hours. This is higher uptake ( P = 0.04) and 10-fold greater signal-to-background ( P = 0.04) than the 64 Cu-rituximab antibody radiotracer. Tumor uptake (16.8 ± 1.6 vs. 5.6 ± 1.4%ID/g) and tumor:background ratios were superior for FN3 CD20 relative to rituximab in xenograft studies as well. Conclusions: The 64 Cu-Do-FN3 CD20 radiotracer represents a novel small, high-affinity binder for imaging human CD20, which may be well suited for B-cell non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma imaging in patients at early time points. Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6820–9. ©2013 AACR .
GIFFORDIA ONSLOWENSIS SP. NOV. (PHAEOPHYCEAE) FROM THE NORTH CAROLINA CONTINENTAL SHELF AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GIFFORDIA AND ACINETOSPORA1

Giffordia onslowensis sp. nov. is described from the North Carolina continental shelf. This alga is distinct in having upper filaments which are profusely branched, with branches borne at the tops of cells at narrow angles, and lower filaments which are sparsely branched, with branches borne at the middle of cells at wide angles. It is somewhat intermediate between Acinetospora and Giffordia because of the morphology of the lower branches. Morphological variability of Giffordia in culture is numerically documented and similarities between Giffordia spp. and Acinetospora in culture are interpreted as artifacts of altered or incomplete development. It is concluded that Acinetospora, Giffordia, and Ectocarpus should be retained as separate genera.
Understanding and optimizing delamination/recycling of printed circuit boards using a supercritical carbon dioxide process

Abstract A printed circuit board (PCB) is an integral component of any electronic product and is among the most challenging components to recycle. While PCB manufacturing processes undergo generations of innovation and advancement with 21st century technologies, the recycling of PCBs primarily employs 1920's shredding and separation technologies. There is a critical need for alternative PCB recycling routes to satisfy the increasing environmental demands. Previous work has developed an environmentally benign supercritical fluid process that successfully delaminated the PCB substrates and separated the PCB layers. While this work was successful in delamination of the PCB substrates, further understanding is needed to maximize the interactions between the supercritical fluid and PCB for an optimal processing scenario. As such, this research presents an exploratory study to further investigate the supercritical fluid PCB recycling process by using supercritical carbon dioxide and an additional amount of water to delaminate PCB substrates. The focus of this study is to test delamination success at low temperature and pressure supercritical conditions in comparison to the previous studies. Furthermore, material characterization methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, are included to study the delaminating mechanisms. Results from the recycling process testing showed that the PCB substrates delaminated easily and could be further separated into copper foils, glass fibers and polymers. Surprisingly, the material characterization suggested that there were no significant changes in glass transition temperature, crosslink density, and FTIR spectra of the PCBs before and after the supercritical fluid process.
Regulation of prolactin synthesis in vitro by estrogenic and antiestrogenic derivatives of estradiol and estrone.

The estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of derivatives of estradiol and estrone were determined in vitro using the ability of primary cultures of immature rat pituitary cells to synthesize PRL. Estradiol derivatives were the most potent estrogens in the assay. Large ethinyl substitutions in the 17α position generally caused a decrease in estrogenic potency (up to 1000-fold). The 3 phenolic hydroxyl was important, but not essential, for the estrogenic activity of the estradiol molecule. Estratriene was approximately 1000 times less potent than estradiol. However, significant estrogenic activity was observed with the compound anordin (EC508X10-9M), which could potentially be converted to a dihydroxylated derivative but without an aromatic A ring. Similarly, the steroid androst-5-ene- 3,17-diol was weakly estrogenic (EC508X10-9M). Steroids with a ketone in the A and D rings were generally inactive as estrogens and antiestrogens. Estradiol derivatives with 17β amines were only weak estrogens. Estrone der...
Immunodominance Changes as a Function of the Infecting Dengue Virus Serotype and Primary versus Secondary Infection

ABSTRACT Dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of dengue fever (DF). This disease can be caused by any of four DENV serotypes (DENV1 to -4) which share 67 to 75% sequence homology with one another. The effect of subsequent infections with different serotypes on the T cell repertoire is not fully understood. We utilized mice transgenic for human leukocyte antigens (HLA) lacking the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor to study responses to heterologous DENV infection. First, we defined the primary T cell response to DENV3 in the context of a wide range of HLA molecules. The primary DENV3 immune response recognized epitopes derived from all 10 DENV proteins, with a significant fraction of the response specific for structural proteins. This is in contrast to primary DENV2 infection, in which structural proteins are a minor component of the response, suggesting differential antigen immunodominance as a function of the infecting serotype. We next investigated the effect of secondary heterologous DENV infection on the T cell repertoire. In the case of both DENV2/3 and DENV3/2 heterologous infections, recognition of conserved/cross-reactive epitopes was either constant or expanded compared to that in homologous infection. Furthermore, in heterologous infection, previous infection with a different serotype impaired the development of responses directed to serotype-specific but not conserved epitopes. Thus, a detrimental effect of previous heterotypic responses might not be due to dysfunctional and weakly cross-reactive epitopes dominating the response. Rather, responses to the original serotype might limit the magnitude of responses directed against epitopes that are either cross-reactive to or specific for the most recently infecting serotype. IMPORTANCE DENV transmission occurs in more than 100 countries and is an increasing public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. At present, no effective antiviral therapy or licensed vaccine exists, and treatment is largely supportive in nature. Disease can be caused by any of the four DENV serotypes (DENV1 to -4), which share a high degree of sequence homology with one another. In this study, we have addressed the question of how the T cell repertoire changes as a function of infections with different serotypes and of subsequent heterologous secondary infections. This is of particular interest in the field of dengue viruses, in which secondary infections with different DENV serotypes increase the risk of severe disease. Our results on the evolution of the immune response after primary and secondary infections provide new insights into HLA-restricted T cell responses against DENV relevant for the design of a vaccine against DENV.
Probability of error analysis of digital partial response continuous phase modulation with discrimination detection in land mobile radio channels

Summary form only given. Future mobile radio systems are expected to provide high-quality voice and high-speed data transmission and to be integrated into the digital communication networks in several countries. The performance of some digital modulation techniques that are relevant for future mobile radio systems is studied. These techniques are characterized by having a constant envelope signal to reduce the effect of nonlinearity and fading and a compact RF power spectrum to reduce adjacent channel interference. Most digital partial-response continuous-phase modulation (PRCPM) techniques such as 2 RC, 2 SRC, 2 RC, 3 SRC, GMSK, and GTFM have the above properties. Discriminator detection of these techniques is analyzed in fast Rayleigh fading characterizing land mobile radio channels. Approximate closed-form expressions for the probability of error are derived and numerical results are presented for land mobile radio systems. >
Evaluation of clinic attendance schedules for LAAM and methadone: A controlled study

The authors randomly assigned 95 male narcotic addicts to one of four treatment conditions: either methadone or LAAM maintenance and one of two drug-appropriate clinic attendance schedules. Although no differences were observed among treatment conditions on any of the outcome measures employed, the conclusion that the drugs and attendance regimens were equally efficacious and acceptable was made cautiously due to the relatively small sample size and to the observed trend (p =. 10) in favor of methadone maintenance combined with the 3-day (LAMM-appropriate) attendance schedule. There was no evidence of untoward physical effects associated with any of the treatment approaches.
Crossing the uncrossable: novel trans‐valley biogeographic patterns revealed in the genetic history of low‐dispersal mygalomorph spiders (Antrodiaetidae, Antrodiaetus) from California

Antrodiaetus riversi is a dispersal-limited, habitat-specialized mygalomorph spider species endemic to mesic woodlands of northern and central California. Here, we build upon prior phylogeographic research using a much larger geographic sample and include additional nuclear genes, providing more detailed biogeographic insights throughout the range of this complex. Of particular interest is the uncovering of unexpected and replicated trans-valley biogeographic patterns, where in two separate genetic clades western haplotypes in the California south Coast Ranges are phylogenetically closely related to eastern haplotypes from central and northern Sierran foothills. In both instances, these trans-valley phylogenetic patterns are strongly supported by multiple genes. These western and eastern populations are currently separated by the Central Valley, a well-recognized modern-day and historical biogeographic barrier in California. For one clade, the directionality is clearly northeast to southwest, and all available evidence is consistent with a jump dispersal event estimated at 1.2-1.3 Ma. During this time period, paleogeographic data indicate that northern Sierran rivers emptied to the ocean in the south Coast Ranges, rather than at the San Francisco Bay. For the other trans-valley clade genetic evidence is less conclusive regarding the mechanism and directionality of biogeographic exchange, although the estimated timeframe is similar (approximately 1.8 Ma). Despite the large number of biogeographic studies previously conducted in central California, to the best of our knowledge no prior studies have discussed or revealed a northern Sierran to south Coast Range biogeographic connection. This uniqueness may reflect the low-dispersal biology of mygalomorph spiders, where 'post-event' gene exchange rarely erases historical biogeographic signal.
A REVIEW OF PRIMARY TUMORS OF THE HEART.

Summary A review is made of the main features of primary tumors of the heart. Of the 500 such tumors reported up to 1957, 80 per cent were benign, consisting of myxomas (50 per cent) and rhabdomyomas (20 per cent), the remaining 20 per cent being malignant; the sarcomas. Attention is mainly directed to the myxomas, as the increasing success of their removal by heart surgery apparently produces complete cure. The extreme difficulty of diagnosis is recognized, especially in differentiating myxomas from mitral valve disease. The high incidence of features of a constitutional or systemic reaction in myxomas has recently been suggested as being the most reliable means of differentiation. This reaction consists of fever, leukocytosis, a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, loss of weight and sometimes hyperglobulinemia. The value of the postural factor in differentiation is still debatable, but it is suggested that careful investigation into the finer points of the pattern may help to provide further evidence on which the wider use of angiocardiography, the most reliable method of diagnosis, could be instituted at an early a stage as possible, as a preoperative diagnosis is desirable. Included in the general description, particular attention is paid to the mechanism of the obstructive effects, particularly of the valves and the pulmonary veins and among the radiologic features close resemblance to common heart conditions, such as mitral valve disease is stressed. Keeping the possibility of a primary heart tumor fresh in the clinicians' mind is the most important objective, and detailed reporting of all cases will not only help to achieve this but also will present a clearer picture of the differences between primary heart tumors and common heart conditions.
Peripheral artery disease and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease: insights from the Heart and Soul Study.

Among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), those with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have a greater vulnerability to cardiovascular (CV) events than those with CAD alone. In a prospective cohort study of patients with CAD, we evaluated potential mechanisms that might explain the adverse CV outcomes associated with PAD. We performed a prospective cohort study of 1018 patients with stable CAD who were recruited from 2000 to 2002. Incident symptomatic PAD events were adjudicated during a follow-up period of 7.2 ± 2.6 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between incident symptomatic PAD events and subsequent risk of CV events or death. Models were adjusted for demographics, traditional risk factors, inflammation, insulin resistance and health behaviors. Among the 1018 patients, 50 patients who did not report a history of PAD at baseline suffered incident symptomatic PAD events during the follow-up period. Those patients had a higher risk of subsequent CV events a...
A Semi-supervised Framework for Simultaneous Classification and Regression of Zero-Inflated Time Series Data with Application to Precipitation Prediction

Time series data with abundant number of zeros are common in many applications, including climate and ecological modeling, disease monitoring, manufacturing defect detection, and traffic accident monitoring. Classical regression models are inappropriate to handle data with such skewed distribution because they tend to underestimate the frequency of zeros and the magnitude of non-zero values in the data. This paper presents a hybrid framework that simultaneously perform classification and regression to accurately predict future values of a zero-inflated time series. A classifier is initially used to determine whether the value at a given time step is zero while a regression model is invoked to estimate its magnitude only if the predicted value has been classified as nonzero. The proposed framework is extended to a semi-supervised learning setting via graph regularization. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated via its application to the precipitation prediction problem for climate impact assessment studies.
Collection of Hypophysial Stalk Blood in Rats

A method for collecting all the effluent blood of the hypophysial stalk in rats is described. This blood is believed to be free of contamination with extraneous blood and with cerebrospinal fluid. The average duration of the collection periods in a group of 40 adult male rats was 4.6 hr. The range of the collection periods extended from 2.75 to 6 hr. The use of this method as a preliminary procedure in the determination of secretory rates of the hypothalamic releasing factors is discussed. (Endocrinology 81: 1182, 1967)
A highly sensitive and versatile virus titration assay in the 96-well microplate format

This report describes a fast, reproducible, inexpensive and convenient assay system for virus titration in the 96-well format. The micromethod substantially increases assay throughput and improves the data reproducibility. A highly simplified variant of virus quantification is based on immunohistochemical detection of virus amplification foci obtained without use of agarose or semisolid overlays. It can be incorporated into several types of routine virological assays successfully replacing the laborious and time-consuming conventional methods based on plaque formation under semisolid overlays. The method does not depend on the development of CPE and can be accommodated to assay viruses with substantial differences in growth properties. The use of enhanced immunohistochemical detection enabled a five- to six-fold reduction of the total assay time. The micromethod was specifically developed to take advantage of multichannel pipettor use to simplify handling of a large number of samples. The method performs well with an inexpensive low-power binocular, thus offering a routine assay system usable outside of specialized laboratory setting, such as for testing of clinical or field samples. When used in focus reduction-neutralization tests (FRNT), the method accommodates very small volumes of immune serum, which is often a decisive factor in experiments involving small rodent models.
Function as a Preferred Dimension among Children and Adults

Subjects' preferences for function vs form or for function vs color were tested using a method of triads. Children (16 girls, 24 boys) and adults (65 women, 17 men) showed a strong preference for function over color and adults also for function over form. Color-function concept identification was better when function was the relevant dimension. These data indicate that function can be assessed like physical dimensions, that function is more preferred than or as preferred as other dimensions by children and adults and that responses to preference tests are applicable over a wide range of dimensions and ages.