cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Intrinsic π-Operator on Domain Manifolds in \({\mathbb{C}^{n+1}}\)

The main aim of this article is to study the hypercomplex π-operator over \({\mathbb{C}^{n+1}}\) via real, compact, n + 1-dimensional manifolds called domain manifolds. We introduce an intrinsic Dirac operator for such types of domain manifolds and define an intrinsic π-operator, study its mapping properties and introduce a Clifford–Beltrami equation in this context.
Protein components of two strains of granulosis virus of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Abstract A synergistic Hawaiian (GVH) and a nonsynergistic Oregonian (GVO) strain of a granulosis virus (GV) infect the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta. The protein components of the enveloped virions and of the capsule (inclusion body) were compared between the two strains. When the enveloped virions of both strains were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protein patterns were similar except for minor peaks in the higher molecular weight region. On the other hand, the capsule proteins differed between the two strains when examined with immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The capsule proteins of GVH were composed of two major proteins, one a structural protein and the other the protein of the synergistic factor. The capsule protein of GVO, however, had only the structural protein. The rocket immunoelectrophoresis and affinity chromatography indicated that the structural proteins of the two strains were partially dissimilar. The molecular weight of the structural protein of GVO was 29,100 ± 500 and that of GVH was 28,700 ± 500. The amount of synergistic factor in a GVH capsule was about 5% of the dissolved capsule components.
Effects of climate on potential soil water gain from snowmelt in stubble and fallow fields

Abstract This study was conducted to learn more about the efficiency of stubble in augmenting soil water from snow on small grain farms in Montana under alternate fallow-strip cropping and located in contrasting climatic areas for frequency of warm winter winds (chinooks) that contribute to snow-free conditions. Snowmelt recharge efficiency (SRE) under fallow and small grain stubble was measured at 2–3-week intervals by installing and excavating mini-lysimeters containing oven-dried soil during three over-winter periods. SRE is here defined as the mini-lysimeter catch of water expressed as a percent of the total precipitation that fell during the winter. Data from an average of five sites in the two climatic areas each year indicated that differences in SRE were statistically significant at or near the 5% level for both climate (few vs. many chinooks) and treatments (fallow vs. stubble) only during the first and the third winters, and not during the second winter when the greatest amount of precipitation was recorded. On an average over the 3-year period, SRE was ∼ 12% greater in areas of fewer chinooks compared to areas of many chinooks and ∼ 20% greater in full standing stubble compared to fallow. A model was developed from the 3 years of mini-lysimeter data giving relative SRE values of stubble compared to fallow for winters of different precipitation amounts. Another model was developed giving relative SRE values for areas of low chinook frequency compared to areas of high chinook frequency for winters of different precipitation amounts.
Cognitive Development in Learning Disabled Boys.

To test the generalizability/specificity of a developmental lag in the learning disabled, measures of five cognitive processes — selective attention, verbal rehearsal, conceptual tempo, field articulation, and locus of control — were obtained for learning disabled boys at three age levels (8-, 11-, and 13-year-olds) and a normal control group at the oldest age level only. Trend analyses and correlational findings provided strong support for the developmental lag hypothesis for four of the variables, i.e., all except verbal rehearsal. Comparison of the oldest learning disabled boys with their normal control group revealed slight, but not significant, differences in favor of the normals on all variables. These findings provide evidence that the learning disabled develop most cognitive abilities in a manner similar to that of their non-learning disabled counterparts, though perhaps slightly delayed, and that by adolescence development in the learning disabled approaches that of normals.
MR recording media: microstructure and magnetic properties

To achieve high recording areal density, it is required that future MR media have high coercivity (H/sub c/), high coercive and remanent squareness (S/sup */ and S), low media noise and narrow track recording performance. The microstructure, which strongly affects magnetic properties, should be fully controlled in media fabrication process. The microstructural characteristics like grain size, grain separation, orientation, lattice mismatch, second phases, and stacking faults can affect intergranular magnetic coupling and media noise. The composition of ternary and quaternary cobalt alloy systems, e.g. CoCrTa, CoCrPt, and CoCrPtTa, has significant effects on magnetic performances. The underlayer design, e.g. Cr, CrV/sub x/, and CrTi/sub x/, can affect lattice mismatch, stacking fault density, and other microstructural features. Stress, shadowing, preferred orientation, and c-axis alignment are four mechanisms which control orientation ratio (OR). Oriented medium has more stress-induced noise than isotropic medium has. Thin film medium with bicrystal structure has 5 dB better SNR than non-bicrystal medium. Ultra clean sputtering process (UC-process) can enhance coercivity and reduce noise. For GMR recording media, it requires Hc>3000 Oe and M/sub r/t <0.5 memu/cm/sup 2/. Media with CoCrPtTa, and CoSm/Cr design will be compared for areal density upto 10 Gb/in/sup 2/. Mechanisms of high coercive force and low noise in MR media are reviewed in connection with microstructure and magnetic properties.
Contrasting Perspectives on Pain following Hand Injury

The purposes of this article are 1) to compare contrasting ways of documenting pain, 2) to identify the usefulness of information each method provides, and 3) to examine implications for hand therapy. Participants are tracked for 12 months in an ongoing study of Adaptation to Hand Injury that incorporates quantitative measures of both intensity and functional impact of pain, as well as semistructured qualitative Adaptation Interviews that elicit and document patients' responses to pain and injury experience. Each method of documenting pain tells us something important. Numeric measures of pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale) allow us to document change over time and identify relationships between intensity and self-reported changes in daily life as documented in a structured questionnaire (Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand). Qualitative interviews provide an individual perspective on responses to pain and disability and the personal beliefs and experiences that influenced the responses of each unique individual. Findings support the importance of studying more about the clinical behaviors of our patients for better treatment outcomes and recommend the use of qualitative research in helping us to uncover this knowledge.
Numerical modeling of concrete under thermal loads

Abstract The formulation needed for the conductance of heat by means of explicit integration is presented. The implementation of these expressions into a transient structural code, which is also based on explicit temporal integration, is described. Comparisons of theoretical results with code predictions are given both for one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems. The coupled thermal and structural solution of a concrete crucible subjected to a sudden temperature increase predicts the history of cracking. The extent of cracking is compared with experimental data.
Effect of repeated Campylobacter jejuni infection on gut flora and mucosal defense in a rat model of post infectious functional and microbial bowel changes

Background Campylobacter jejuni infection is a leading cause of gastroenteritis and post infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Unanswered questions include the role of cytokines, effects on gut flora, and why IBS is not more prevalent in countries with higher gastroenteritis rates. Therefore, we determined the effects of early and repeat C. jejuni infections on post infectious phenotypes, gut flora, and cytokine levels in a rat model of functional bowel and microbial changes. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with 108 cfu C. jejuni as juveniles and again as adults (J+/A+), as adults only (J-/A+), or vehicle (controls). Stool consistency during acute colonization, post infectious stool wet weight, total bacteria and Methanobrevibacter smithii levels in bowel segments, and ileal cytokines were evaluated. Key Results C. jejuni colonization was longer for first exposures as juveniles (43.4 ± 1.7 days) vs. adults (30.4 ± 3.5 days) (P < 0.01) and shortest for second exposures (10.5 ± 1.7 days, P < 0.05). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) was more prevalent in J+/A+ (47%) than J-/A+ rats (26%) (P = 0.019), but J-/A+ rats had greater stool consistency alterations (P < 0.01). Ileal β-defensin 2, TLR-4, IL-8, and β-defensin 6 levels were increased in J-/A+ rats and further increased in J+/A+ rats; TNF-α was highest and IL6 lowest in J-/A+ rats. Total bacteria increased, and M. smithii decreased, with successive infections. Conclusions & Inferences We conclude that C. jejuni infection results in long-term alterations in small bowel flora, including methanogens. Mucosal defense mediators appear related to the number of infections, but not to SIBO development or the development of functional bowel phenotypes.
Prevalence of different double ionization pathways and traces of three-body interactions in strongly driven helium

We present a unified treatment of the prevalence of different nonsequential double ionization pathways in strongly driven helium as a function of the sum of the final electron energies and of the laser frequency and intensity. At high total energy the pathway that dominates is the one where one electron is ionized with a delay following recollision. At low total energy, a double ionization pathway dominates where recollision the two electrons and the nucleus form a bound compound for at least a quarter of a laser cycle. We also identify asymptotic observables that trace the prevalence of these pathways.
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PENICILLIN

A convenient, practical and effective procedure of administering penicillin by mouth consists of mixing the drug with one tablespoonful of aluminum hydroxide. Substantially higher blood levels are obtained following a 50,000 and a 100,000 unit dose of penicillin with this method than after administration of the drug dissolved in water, either with or without previous ingestion of a mild antacid, such as aluminum hydroxide. Adsorption of penicillin on aluminum hydroxide appears to exert a local protective effect against that portion of gastric acid with which it comes into contact.
Volcano growth and evolution of the island of Hawaii

The seven volcanoes comprising the island of Hawaii and its submarine base are, in order of growth, Mahukona, Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, Kilauea, and Loihi. The first four have completed their shield-building stage, and the timing of this event can be determined from the depth of the slope break associated with the end of shield building, calibrated using the ages and depths of a series of dated submerged coral reefs off northwest Hawaii. The composition of lavas collected adjacent to these reefs helps to define the eruptive history of the various volcanic centers. The island of Hawaii has grown at an average rate of about 0.02 km 2 /yr for the past 600 k.y. and presently is close to its maximum size. Mahukona completed shield building about 465 ka; Kohala, 245 ka; Mauna Kea, 130 ka; and Hualalai, 130 ka. On each volcano, the transition from eruption of tholeiitic to alkalic lava occurs near the end of shield building. The larger volcanic systems (which stood more than 4 km above their shoreline at the end of shield building) change in composition before the end of shield building, and the smaller volcanoes change near or after the end of shield building, or never make the change to eruption of alkalic lava. The rate of southeastern (south 40° east) progression of the end of shield building (and hence the postulated movement rate of the Pacific plate over the Hawaiian hotspot) in the interval from Haleakala to Hualalai is about 13 cm/yr. Based on this rate and an average spacing of volcanoes on each loci line of 40-60 km, the volcanoes require about 600 thousand years to grow from the ocean floor (generally from a point on the southeastern submarine flank of the next older volcano of the same loci line) to the time of the end of shield building. They arrive at the ocean surface about midway through this period.
ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN CRUDE OILS, HEATING OILS, AND MARINE TISSUES*

ABSTRACT This paper primarily covers the first phase of a project to demonstrate analytical methods in their ability to measure individual polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in typical petroleum oils and marine animal tissues. The study of petroleum oils is complete as described herein. Work on marine tissues is in its initial stage as an analytical method is shown to be capable of measuring benz(a)-anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene when added to clams at the 5 parts per billion (ppb) level. Evaluation of results indicate a detectability of 1 ppb. Eleven to sixteen individual hydrocarbons were measured in samples of a South Louisiana crude, Kuwait crude, a No. 2 heating oil, and a Bunker C fuel. These compounds included the principal 3-to 5-ring aromatics found in petroleum and one 6-ring (benzo(ghi)-perylene). The tricyclics (phenanthrene, methylphenanthrenes) were generally present in the highest concentration and covered the range 26–7677 ppm by weight. Four- and five-ring aromatics occurred in the range <0...
Band Gaps of Semiconductor Alloys

It is shown, on the basis of perturbation theory and a simple assumption about the matrix elements of the random scattering potential, that the effect of alloy disorder is inevitably to reduce the band gap of a semiconductor alloy below its virtual-crystal value. The conclusion, which was previously suggested by Van Vechten and Bergstresser (VB) on the basis of a more intuitive argument, is in agreement with existing theory and calculation. In contrast to VB, however, the present treatment predicts that the magnitude of the disorder-induced shift will vary from one direct gap to another in the same alloy, and that the uppermost gaps may be larger than a straight-line interpolation of the gaps of the constituents. This prediction appears to be corroborated by the electroreflectance studies of Thompson et al. on $\mathrm{Ga}({\mathrm{As}}_{x}{\mathrm{P}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})$.
Spectroscopic ellipsometric characterization of Si/Si1−xGex strained-layer supperlattices

Abstract Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was employed to characterize Si/Si 1− x Ge x strained-layer superlattices. An algorithm was developed, using the available optical constants measured at a number of fixed x values of Ge composition, to compute the dielectric function spectrum of Si 1− x Ge x at an arbitrary x value in the spectral range 1.7 to 5.6 eV. The ellipsometrically determined superlattice thicknesses and alloy compositional fractions were in excellent agreement with results from high-resolution X-ray diffraction studies. The silicon surfaces of the superlattices were subjected to a 9 : 1 HF cleaning prior to the SE measurements. The HF solution removed silicon oxides on the semiconductor surface, and terminated the Si surface with hydrogen-silicon bonds, which were monitored over a period of several weeks, after the HF cleaning, by SE measurements. An equivalent dielectric layer model was established to describe the hydrogen-terminated Si surface layer. The passivated Si surface remained unchanged for > 2 h, and very little surface oxidation took place even over 3 to 4 days.
Phylogenetic analyses among octocorals (Cnidaria): mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (lsu-rRNA, 16S and ssu-rRNA, 18S) support two convergent clades of branching gorgonians.

Abstract Gorgonian octocorals lack corroborated hypotheses of phylogeny. This study reconstructs genealogical relationships among some octocoral species based on published DNA sequences from the large ribosomal subunit of the mitochondrial RNA (lsu-rRNA, 16S: 524 bp and 21 species) and the small subunit of the nuclear RNA (ssu-rRNA, 18S: 1815 bp and 13 spp) using information from insertions–deletions (INDELS) and the predicted secondary structure of the lsu-rRNA (16S). There were seven short (3–10 bp) INDELS in the 18S with consistent phylogenetic information. The INDELS in the 16S corresponded to informative signature sequences homologous to the G13 helix found in Escherichia coli. We found two main groups of gorgonian octocorals using a maximum parsimony analysis of the two genes. One group corresponds to deep-water taxa including species from the suborders Calcaxonia and Scleraxonia characterized by an enlargement of the G13 helix. The second group has species from Alcyoniina, Holaxonia and again Scleraxonia characterized by insertions in the 18S. Gorgonian corals, branching colonies with a gorgonin-containing flexible multilayered axis (Holaxonia and Calcaxonia), do not form a monophyletic group. These corroborated results from maternally inherited (16S) and biparentally inherited (18S) genes support a hypothesis of independent evolution of branching in the two octocoral clades.
OH and CH luminescence in opposed flow methane oxy-flames

Abstract Emission spectroscopy is a 2-D nonintrusive diagnostic technique that offers spatially resolved data for combustion optimization and control. The UV and visible chemiluminescence of the excited radicals CH( A 2 Δ , B 2 Σ − ) and OH( A 2 Σ + ) is studied experimentally and numerically in opposed-flow diffusion flames of methane and oxygen-enriched air. The oxidized oxygen content is varied from 21 to 100% while the range of the studied strain rates spans from 20 to 40 s−1. The spectrally resolved imaging is obtained by two different methods: scattering through a grating monochromator and interposition of interference filters along the optical path. Absolute measured chemiluminescence intensities, coupled with a numerical model based on the opposed flow flame code, are used to evaluate the chemical kinetics of the excited species. The predictions of the selected model are in good agreement with the experimental data over the range of the studied flame conditions.
Ultra-low-power parametric frequency conversion of high data rates on-chip

We demonstrate ultra-low-power parametric frequency conversion of 5-Gbit/s data in a silicon photonic structure via microcavity-enhanced four-wave mixing. Our modeling predicts high conversion efficiency up to 0-dB is possible through GVD-engineering and free-carrier lifetime reduction.
The neurotopography of written word production: An fmri investigation of the distribution of sensitivity to length and frequency

This research is directed at charting the neurotopography of the component processes of the spelling system by using fMRI to identify the neural substrates that are sensitive to the factors of lexical frequency and word length. In spelling, word frequency effects index orthographic long-term memory whereas length effects, as measured by the number of letters, index orthographic working memory (grapheme buffering). Using the task of spelling to dictation in the scanner, we found a highly differentiated neural distribution of sensitivity to the factors of length and lexical frequency, with areas exhibiting sensitivity to length but not frequency and vice versa. In addition, a direct comparison with the results of a previous study [Rapp, B., & Lipka, K. The literate brain: The relationship between spelling and reading. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,23, 1180-1197, 2011] that used a very different spelling task yielded a converging pattern of findings regarding the neural substrates of the central components of spelling. Also, with regard to relationship between reading and spelling, we replicated previous functional neuroimaging studies that have shown overlapping regions of activation in the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus and midfusiform gyrus for word reading and spelling.
Investigations Into the Relationship Between Science and Language Abilities of Students with Mild Disabilities

This paper presents three studies of learning in science using language-based measures. In study 1, students with disabilities read at approximately half the rate of students without disabilities on third-grade level story and science passages. Reading fluency in science lagged far behind story reading. Study 2 consisted of presenting students with disabilities with four increasingly difficult passages on matter followed by comprehension questions. There was no relationship between reading fluency and comprehension. Students did not differ in ability to answer factual and inferential questions. In study 3, a significant difference was found between students with and without disabilities in listening and reading formats of a vocabulary measure. For the former, listening scores were significantly higher than reading. Together, the studies indicate that students with disabilities will not learn effectively in science if instruction is primarily language based.
Sandor Rado and the Fate of the Berlin Model in New York

This paper examines the influence of the Berlin model on psychoanalytic education in New York through the person of Sandor Rado, who was recruited from Berlin to become the first Education Director at the New York Psychoanalytic Institute in 1931, and later went on to found the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research. While the basic elements of the so-called tripartite model of psychoanalytic education were adopted in principle in New York prior to Rado's arrival, he had an enormous impact on the development and implementation of that curriculum, while attempting to modify it both theoretically and clinically, and became one of the focal points of the controversies that led to the break-up of that institute. He also sought to expand ties to American medicine and psychiatry and to research in general.
Minority Underrepresentation in Academia: Factors Impacting Careers of Surgery Residents.

Background Underrepresentation of minorities within academic surgery is an ever present problem with a profound impact on healthcare. The factors influencing surgery residents to pursue an academic career have yet to be formally investigated. We sought to elucidate these factors, with a focus on minority status.
Interdisciplinary management of congenital infiltrating lipomatosis

Congenital infiltrating lipomatosis is a benign yet locally invasive lipomatous tumor. Current treatment involves surgical excision and reconstruction of craniofacial deformity. Invasion of vital structures often makes complete resection problematic and recurrence is common. We present the case of a 15-year-old female patient with extensive congenital infiltrating lipomatosis involving the left face. A broad treatment algorithm was devised involving surgical resection as well as targeted chemotherapy. At 18 month follow-up the patient demonstrated improved facial symmetry without evidence of disease progression. Combining surgical and medical intervention may allow for a synergistic approach to controlling this rare disease.
4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal Mediates Genotoxicity and Bystander Effects Caused by Enterococcus faecalis–Infected Macrophages

Background & Aims Enterococcus faecalis is a human intestinal commensal that produces extracellular superoxide and promotes chromosome instability via macrophage-induced bystander effects. We investigated the ability of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a diffusible breakdown product of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, to mediate these effects. Methods 4-HNE was purified from E faecalis –infected macrophages; its genotoxicity was assessed in human colon cancer (HCT116) and primary murine colon epithelial (YAMC) cell lines. Results 4-HNE induced G 2 –M cell cycle arrest, led to formation γH2AX foci, and disrupted the mitotic spindle in both cell lines. Binucleate tetraploid cells that formed after incubation with 4-HNE were associated with the activation of stathmin and microtubule catastrophe. Silencing glutathione S -transferase α4, a scavenger of 4-HNE, increased the susceptibility of epithelial cells to 4-HNE–induced genotoxicity. Interleukin-10 knockout mice colonized with superoxide-producing E faecalis developed inflammation and colorectal cancer, whereas colonization with a superoxide-deficient strain resulted in inflammation but not cancer. 4-HNE–protein adducts were found in the lamina propria and macrophages in areas of colorectal inflammation. Conclusions 4-HNE can act as an autochthonous mitotic spindle poison in normal colonic epithelial and colon cancer cells. This finding links the macrophage-induced bystander effects to colorectal carcinogenesis.
VOLVER A INTENTARLO: PROYECTO EDUCATIVO-LABORAL DE JOVENES ADULTOS SOCIALES

En su aspecto medular, el articulo pretende recoger e interpretar las principales representaciones del mundo del trabajo y el proyecto educativo-laboral que realizan jovenes adultos sociales que se encuentran actualmente cursando su ensenanza media en el sistema de educacion de adultos. En este texto se pretende entregar antecedentes empiricos de un segmento social juvenil que, habiendo abandonado la educacion formal, despues de algunos anos, intenta terminar sus estudios secundarios en un sistema alternativo en busqueda de mejores posibilidades de insercion social. El articulo sintetiza algunas hipotesis conclusivas que remiten al perfil general de estos jovenes, su experiencia educativa y laboral, las representaciones generales que realizan de su entorno y su proyeccion de futuro personal. En terminos generales se senala que estos jovenes expresan una nueva forma de moratoria y son portadores de un proyecto educativo no exento de desajuste en sus expectativas. Carentes de redes sociales significativas, participando en un modelo de formacion precario y con bajos niveles de innovacion, en su discurso, con todo, prevalece un vision optimista de futuro y de confianza en su propio esfuerzo para salir adelante. Tales consideraciones parecen relevantes en una discusion amplia sobre el futuro del sistema de educacion de adultos, en perspectiva de favorecer propuestas formativas mas adecuadas para hacer frente a las transformaciones del mundo del trabajo, diversificando un modelo extremadamente rigido de formacion academica pro-univer-sitaria y poco funcional al perfil del joven que motiva el interes de este estudio.
National responses to energy vulnerability

Energy availability has again become an important and polarizing issue. Different countries have made distinctive choices affecting the importance of energy as a determinant of economic growth. Analysis of these varying choices helps put the current debate over oil imports in historical context, and illuminates the relative merits of supply-side and demand-side solutions. Some nations have achieved a more effective policy synthesis than others. The objective of energy security is to assure adequate, reliable supplies of energy at reasonable prices and in ways that do not jeopardize major national values and objectives. Energy vulnerability is a state of energy insecurity, typically due to insufficient or inadequately protected domestic supplies. The countries reviewed in this paper illustrate a variety of responses to energy vulnerability. A "best" response would be hard to define given the vastly different policy contexts. It is nonetheless clear that every country combines supply- and demand-side initiatives into an integrated portfolio that addresses price, availability, environmental impact, and other broad public values
Feasibility of Therapy With Hypomethylating Agents in Patients With Renal Insufficiency

Abstract Background To our knowledge, the feasibility of therapy with hypomethylating agents (HAs) in patients with renal insufficiency (RI) has not been examined. Patients and Methods We reviewed 41 patients with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (n = 17), myelodysplastic syndromes (n = 15), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 9) who had RI and were receiving therapy with azacitidine or decitabine. The median number of administered cycles was 3. Most patients (39; 95%) received a standard dose of the drugs at the initiation of therapy. Nine patients (22%) required treatment interruptions or discontinuation, and 10 patients (24%) required dose reductions. Results: The overall response rate was 63%, and 4 patients (10%) achieved a complete response. Twenty patients (51%) experienced grade 3 or 4 myelosuppression-related toxicities. Hospitalization was required in 68% of the patients. Among 12 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 29 mL per minute or less, 6 required dose reductions attributable to myelosuppression (n = 3) or to worsening renal function (n = 3). The overall survival (OS) at 18 months was 12%, and the median OS was 8.6 months. Conclusion The use of HA in patients with RI is feasible, but is associated with a higher incidence of toxicity. Dose adjustments and the use of growth factor may be necessary for some patients.
Aberration Analysis From Diffraction Patterns Produced By Annular Apertures

For points on and near the optical axis, asymptotic solutions to the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral are possible for annular apertures illuminated by plane waves of uniform intensity distribution containing rotationally symmetric Seidel aberrations (defocus and spherical aberration). Computer studies of these cases show excellent agreement with experiment. The amount of defocus and spherical aberration can be determined from shifts in positions of on-axis intensity extrema. An empirical study of the non-rotationally symmetric Seidel aberration astigmatism reveals a predictable change in the diffraction pattern allowing for the verification of the aberration to within .05 wavelengths.
Back-scattering cross section of a center-loaded cylindrical antenna

A solution of the broadside back-scattering cross section, \sigma , of a center-loaded cylindrical antenna with any load impedance, Z_{L} , is obtained by a variational method through a four-terminal network approach. A simple formula for \sigma , in terms of Z_{L} and the parameters Z_{11}, Z_{12} , and Z_{22} associated with the antenna has been derived. The impedances Z_{11}, Z_{12} , and Z_{22} are independent of the load and they are determined by using the variational principle. Numerical results of the first order approximation are presented, and they are in good agreement with some measured results available in the literature.
Diabetic Patients Experience Delayed Improvement in Renal Function Post CF-LVAD Implantation

Background: Renal dysfunction is common among patients with either Diabetes Mellitus or end-stage heart failure. It has been established that renal function improves after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation. However, it is unknown if this improvement is also observed in diabetic patients who are at risk of renal disease at baseline. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine if patients with diabetes experienced the same improvement in renal function after CF-LVAD as non-diabetics. Method: A retrospective chart review of pts implanted with a CF-LVAD at Columbia University Medical Center from Jan 2007-December 2014 was completed. Calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was used to assess renal function, and was measured on admission 1, 3 and 6 months after CF-LVAD implantation. Renal dysfunction at baseline was defined as a GFR ! 60 ml/min/ m. Diabetic status was assessed at the time of CF-LVAD evaluation. Results: During the study period, 178 patients were implanted with a CF-LVAD (148 Heartmate II, 30 Heartware). Fifteen patients were on dialysis at the time of implant and were excluded from the analysis. Of the remaining 163 patients, 81(49.7%) were diabetic and 83 (51.4%) were non-diabetic. Patients with diabetes were more likely to be older and have a history of hypertension, but were otherwise comparable at baseline. The median GFR at the time of CF-LVAD implant was not significantly different in diabetics and non-diabetics, at 46.8 ml/min/ m2 (IQR 5 39.1-70.3) and 53.9
Der Vorschlag Einer Verordnung Über Ein Gemeinsames Europaeisches Kaufrecht (The Proposal of a Common European Sales Law)

The European Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law (CESL), published in October 2011, aims for an optional instrument of European Contract Law. The objectives of the Commission are twofold, namely to reduce transaction costs for businesses operating in the internal market and to provide for a high level of consumer protection. The present paper calls into doubt whether the proposal will reach the goal of reducing transaction costs as the choice-of-law rules leading the way into the CESL are complicated and fragmented. There is the real possibility that transaction costs will rise rather than decrease if the proposed regulation enters the competition between legal systems. On the second count of consumer protection the proposal heavily relies on mandatory rules which, it is argued, is an inadequate mode of legislation in the area of contract law. The paper is written in German and formed the basis for a presentation to the Committee on Legal Affairs of the German parliament (Deutscher Bundestag) in its hearing on the proposed regulation in Berlin, November 21st, 2011.
C-Terminal DxD-Containing Sequences within Paramyxovirus Nucleocapsid Proteins Determine Matrix Protein Compatibility and Can Direct Foreign Proteins into Budding Particles

UNLABELLED Paramyxovirus particles are formed by a budding process coordinated by viral matrix (M) proteins. M proteins coalesce at sites underlying infected cell membranes and induce other viral components, including viral glycoproteins and viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs), to assemble at these locations from which particles bud. M proteins interact with the nucleocapsid (NP or N) components of vRNPs, and these interactions enable production of infectious, genome-containing virions. For the paramyxoviruses parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) and mumps virus, M-NP interaction also contributes to efficient production of virus-like particles (VLPs) in transfected cells. A DLD sequence near the C-terminal end of PIV5 NP protein was previously found to be necessary for M-NP interaction and efficient VLP production. Here, we demonstrate that 15-residue-long, DLD-containing sequences derived from either the PIV5 or Nipah virus nucleocapsid protein C-terminal ends are sufficient to direct packaging of a foreign protein, Renilla luciferase, into budding VLPs. Mumps virus NP protein harbors DWD in place of the DLD sequence found in PIV5 NP protein, and consequently, PIV5 NP protein is incompatible with mumps virus M protein. A single amino acid change converting DLD to DWD within PIV5 NP protein induced compatibility between these proteins and allowed efficient production of mumps VLPs. Our data suggest a model in which paramyxoviruses share an overall common strategy for directing M-NP interactions but with important variations contained within DLD-like sequences that play key roles in defining M/NP protein compatibilities. IMPORTANCE Paramyxoviruses are responsible for a wide range of diseases that affect both humans and animals. Paramyxovirus pathogens include measles virus, mumps virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, and the zoonotic paramyxoviruses Nipah virus and Hendra virus. Infectivity of paramyxovirus particles depends on matrix-nucleocapsid protein interactions which enable efficient packaging of encapsidated viral RNA genomes into budding virions. In this study, we have defined regions near the C-terminal ends of paramyxovirus nucleocapsid proteins that are important for matrix protein interaction and that are sufficient to direct a foreign protein into budding particles. These results advance our basic understanding of paramyxovirus genome packaging interactions and also have implications for the potential use of virus-like particles as protein delivery tools.
More Uncertainty After Daimler AG v. Bauman: A Response to Professors Cornett and Hoffheimer

In response to Judy M. Cornett & Michael H. Hoffheimer, Good-Bye Significant Contacts: General Personal Jurisdiction After Daimler AG v. Bauman, 76 Ohio St. L.J. 101 (2015).
Abstract LB-354: Dysregulation of microRNA-34a expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma promotes tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Objectives of the study: Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) results from deregulation of multiple signaling pathways leading to tumor cells acquiring proliferative, invasive, angiogenic and metastatic properties. Interactions between neoplastic cells and the surrounding microenvironment also play a major role in tumor progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNA's (miRs) play a critical role in cancer development where they can act as oncogenes or as onco-suppressors. A microRNA array analysis of a panel often HNSCC cell lines reveled that miR-34a is significantly downregulated in all these cell lines as compared to normal human oral keratinocyes (HOK). In addition, miR-34a expression was also downregulated in highly angiogenic endothelial cells (endothelial cells overexpressing Bcl-2; EC-Bcl-2) as compared to normal human endothelial cells. However, little is known about the role of miR-34a in HNSCC tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we examined if dysregulation of miR-34a in HNSCC promotes tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. Methodology: The study was performed using a panel of established human head & neck cancer cell lines. miRs expression in tumor and endothelial cells was examined by miR-arrays and further validated by real time PCR. Lipofectamine-2000 was used to transfect miR-34a in 2 HNSCC cell lines (UM-SCC-74A and UM-SCC-47) and human endothelial cells. Cell-proliferation assay was performed by MTT and colony formation assay. Tumor cell and endothelial cell motility was assessed by scratch assay. Expression of miR-34a downstream mediators was measured by Western blot. Results: Ectopic expression of miR34a significantly inhibited cell proliferation of UM-SCC-74A cells (52% and 58% on days 2 and 4) and UM-SCC-47 cells (43% and 47% on days 2 and 4). In addition, enhanced expression of miR34a in UM-SCC-74A and UM-SCC-47 cells significantly inhibited tumor cell colony formation and tumor cell migration. Similar to tumor cells, miR-34a significantly inhibited EC-Bcl-2 proliferation and migration by down regulating c-met, Bcl-2 expression and upregulating phospho p38 MAPK expression. Conclusion: These findings indicate that dysregulation of miR-34a expression is common in HNSCC and modulation of miR34a activity might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of head and neck cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-354.
Adaptive Decision Support Systems via Problem Processor Learning

In this chapter, we describe the potential advantages of developing adaptive decision support systems (adaptive DSSs) for the efficient and/or effective solution of problems in complex domains. The problem processing components of DSSs that subscribe to existing DSS paradigms typically utilize supervised learning strategies to acquire problem processing knowledge (PPK). On the other hand, the problem processor of an adaptive DSS utilizes unsupervised inductive learning, perhaps in addition to other forms of learning, to acquire some of the necessary PPK. Thus, adaptive DSSs are, to some extent, self-teaching systems with less reliance on external agents for PPK acquisition. To illustrate these notions, we examine an application in the domain concerned with the scheduling of jobs in flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). We provide an architectural description for an adaptive DSS for supporting static scheduling decisions in FMSs and illustrate key problem processing features of the system using an example.
Decodable text: A review of what we know

Abstract This article reviews the literature on decodable text, instructional material containing words with phonically regular relationships that the reader has been taught. In doing so the work establishes a definition for decodability by consolidating previous quantitative and qualitative analyses of words in text and by examining other word features. In addition, the theoretical purposes of decodable text are inspected, as are the very few studies that specifically examine the effects of text decodability on readers. The findings of this review are synthesized into a theoretical model that suggests a specific developmental juncture in which decodable text may be useful. In suggesting future research the work concludes that additional analyses of words in text are not necessary. Instead research should focus on the following: 1) experimental examinations of readers’ interactions with decodable text; 2) inspection of readers’ behavior as they read text with varying degrees of decodability; and 3) operat...
Evaluation of Cognitive Control and Distraction Using Event-Related Potentials in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis MS is a disorder of the central nervous system that can result in cognitive dysfunction. Despite the prevalence of cognitive impairments in MS, few studies have directly examined dysfunction in the domain of cognitive control, which involves the monitoring of conflicting stimulus input and response options and the subsequent selection of an appropriate response and inhibition of inappropriate responses. The present study examined event-related potential ERP indices of brain function in MS patients and healthy controls HCs for a Go/Nogo Flanker task of cognitive control. The task required participants to respond appropriately to a central target arrow stimulus that was flanked by non-target stimuli that were congruent, incongruent, or neutral with respect to the target. On some trials, a two-sided target arrow was presented, which required the inhibition of a response Nogo. The Nogo stimulus also was surrounded by flankers arrow primes or neutral. MS patients had slower reaction times during Go trials compared to HCs. Patients exhibited prolonged latencies for P1, frontal P2, N2, and P3 components compared to HCs. MS patients, compared to HCs, also had a more pronounced anteriorization for P3 amplitude during Nogo compared to Go trials, possibly indicating inhibitory dysfunction. Finally, decreased amplitude was also observed in MS patients compared to HCs for a positive-negative complex with very early latency onset, which may reflect dysfunction in early processing of the flanker stimuli. The findings indicate dysfunction at multiple stages of processing in MS patients during cognitive control.
Cigarette Smoke-Related Hydroquinone Induces Filamentous Actin Reorganization and Heat Shock Protein 27 Phosphorylation through p38 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-derived membranous debris named blebs, may accumulate and contribute to sub-RPE deposit formation, which is the earliest sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidative injury to the RPE might play a significant role in AMD. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We previously reported that hydroquinone (HQ), a major pro-oxidant in cigarette smoke, foodstuff, and atmospheric pollutants, induces actin rearrangement and membrane blebbing in RPE cells as well as sub-RPE deposits in mice. Here, we show for the first time that phosphorylated Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), a key regulator of actin filaments dynamics, is up-regulated in RPE from patients with AMD. Also, HQ-induced nonlethal oxidative injury led to Hsp27mRNA up-regulation, dimer formation, and Hsp27 phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, we found that a cross talk between p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mediates HQ-induced Hsp27 phosphorylation and actin aggregate formation, revealing ERK as a novel upstream mediator of Hsp27 phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated that Hsp25, p38, and ERK phosphorylation are increased in aging C57BL/6 mice chronically exposed to HQ, whereas Hsp25 expression is decreased. Our data suggest that phosphorylated Hsp27 might be a key mediator in AMD and HQ-induced oxidative injury to the RPE, which may provide helpful insights into the early cellular events associated with actin reorganization and bleb formation involved in sub-RPE deposits formation relevant to the pathogenesis of AMD.
A Rumor of Noir: Calvin Trillin around town(s)

Rumor is customarily considered a taboo element in contemporary journalism; its use is roundly condemned in many official quarters. And yet, its actual persistence in everyday journalistic practice also suggests a need to reexamine its various functions. This essay considers the manifold uses of rumor in the journalism of The New Yorker author Calvin Trillin – specifically, his Noir essays on accidental death and murder in mid-size American towns and cities collected in Killings (1984) and American Stories (1991). Originally published as part of his ‘US Journal’ and ‘American Chronicles’ series for The New Yorker, these essays use rumor to reconstruct the private doubts and public opinions of its profiled towns – and as such, reveal Trillin’s debts to a Noir critique of the public sphere. Moreover, both as fieldwork and rhetorical tool, the marshaling of rumor plays a role both in Trillin’s own self-fashioning as a mid-American everyman and in The New Yorker’s larger claim to speak not only about such tow...
Chiropractic Management of a Patient With Chronic Fatigue: A Case Report.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this case report was to describe the examination and management of a patient with chronic fatigue. Clinical Features A 34-year-old woman presented to a chiropractic clinic with complaints of fatigue and inability to lose weight for 2 years. When tested, she was found to have high serum thyroglobulin antibodies, low serum vitamin D 3 , low saliva dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and low saliva total and diurnal cortisol. Intervention and Outcome The patient was placed on an anti-inflammatory ancestral diet and given recommendations to decrease the aerobic intensity of her exercise routine. On the basis of the result of conventional and functional laboratory tests, she was prescribed a treatment plan of targeted supplementation. After 12 weeks of application of dietary, lifestyle, and supplementation recommendations, the patient reported experiencing increased energy and weight loss of 15 pounds. Her thyroglobulin antibodies returned within reference range, salivary cortisol increased and closely followed the proper circadian rhythm, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate increased. Conclusions This report describes improvement in a patient with chronic fatigue with the use of nonpharmaceutical polytherapy involving dietary changes, lifestyle modification, and supplementation.