cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: Shiga-like Toxins in Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

The majority of cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and a smaller proportion of cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura have recently been shown to result from a toxin produced by enteric bacteria, referred to as verotoxin, or Shiga-like toxin. The predominant toxin-producing bacterial strain in North America is E. coli O157:H7, which causes hemorrhagic colitis in humans after ingestion of contaminated meat. The toxin is believed to gain entry to the circulation from the bowel wall; it then binds to specific glycolipid receptors abundant on renal vascular endothelial cells. The toxin inactivates ribosomes inside the cells, thereby killing them and producing the clinical manifestations of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Recognition of the etiology of hemolytic-uremic syndrome may lead to better prospects for prevention and treatment.
Ironing Out a Midlife Crisis

There is a strong correlation between age, genomic instability, and the development of cancer. Working in yeast, Veatch et al. (2009) now propose that defects in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters arising as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the increase in genomic instability as cells age.
An MFC based multi-threaded test environment for the validation of an embedded automotive microcontroller

Embedded microcontrollers are used in a multitude of commercial applications such as modems, motor-control systems, air conditioner control systems, automotive engine and antilock braking systems among others. The high processing speed and enhanced peripheral set of these microcontrollers make them suitable for such high-speed event based applications. However, these critical application domains also require that these microcontrollers are highly reliable. The high reliability and low market risks can be ensured by a robust testing process and a proper tools environment for the validation of these microcontrollers both at the component and at the system level. Intel(R)'s Chandler Platform Engineering department developed an object oriented multi-threaded test environment for the validation of its 8XC196EA automotive microcontrollers. The goals of this environment was not only to provide a robust testing environment for the 8XC196EA automotive microcontrollers, but to develop an environment which can be easily extended and reused for the validation of several other future embedded microcontrollers. The environment was developed in conjunction with Microsoft(R) Foundation Classes (MFC). The paper describes the design and mechanism of this test environment, its interactions with various hardware/software environmental components, and the pros and cons of using MFC.
Assembly of non-unique insertion content using next-generation sequencing

Recent studies in genomics have highlighted the significance of sequence insertions in determining individual variation. Efforts to discover the content of these sequence insertions have been limited to short insertions and long unique insertions. Much of the inserted sequence in the typical human genome, however, is a mixture of repeated and unique sequence. Current methods are designed to assemble only unique sequence insertions, using reads that do not map to the reference. These methods are not able to assemble repeated sequence insertions, as the reads will map to the reference in a different locus. In this paper, we present a computational method for discovering the content of sequence insertions that are unique, repeated, or a combination of the two. Our method analyzes the read mappings and depth of coverage of paired-end reads to identify reads that originated from inserted sequence. We demonstrate the process of assembling these reads to characterize the insertion content. Our method is based on the idea of segment extension, which progressively extends segments of known content using paired-end reads. We apply our method in simulation to discover the content of inserted sequences in a modified mouse chromosome and show that our method produces reliable results at 40x coverage.
Vibration-based terrain classification for planetary exploration rovers

Safe, autonomous mobility in rough terrain is an important requirement for planetary exploration rovers. Knowledge of local terrain properties is critical to ensure a rover's safety on slopes and uneven surfaces. Visual features are often used to classify terrain; however, vision can be sensitive to lighting variations and other effects. This paper presents a method to classify terrain based on vibrations induced in the rover structure by wheel-terrain interaction during driving. This sensing mode is robust to lighting variations. Vibrations are measured using an accelerometer mounted on the rover structure. The classifier is trained using labeled vibration data during an offline learning phase. Linear discriminant analysis is used for online identification of terrain classes, such as sand, gravel, or clay. This approach has been experimentally validated on a laboratory testbed and on a four-wheeled rover in outdoor conditions.
Golgin-160 is required for the Golgi membrane sorting of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 in adipocytes.

The peripheral Golgi protein golgin-160 is induced during 3T3L1 adipogenesis and is primarily localized to the Golgi cisternae distinct from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in a general distribution similar to p115. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated reduction in golgin-160 protein resulted in an increase accumulation of the insulin-responsive amino peptidase (IRAP) and the insulin-regulated glucose transporter (GLUT4) at the plasma membrane concomitant with enhanced glucose uptake in the basal state. The redistribution of GLUT4 was rescued by expression of a siRNA-resistant golgin-160 cDNA. The basal state accumulation of plasma membrane GLUT4 occurred due to an increased rate of exocytosis without any significant effect on the rate of endocytosis. This GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane in the absence of golgin-160 was independent of TGN/Golgi sorting, because it was no longer inhibited by the expression of a dominant-interfering Golgi-localized, γ-ear–containing ARF-binding protein mutant and displayed reduced binding to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin. Moreover, expression of the amino terminal head domain (amino acids 1–393) had no significant effect on the distribution or insulin-regulated trafficking of GLUT4 or IRAP. In contrast, expression of carboxyl α helical region (393–1498) inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 and IRAP translocation, but it had no effect on the sorting of constitutive membrane trafficking proteins, the transferrin receptor, or vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. Together, these data demonstrate that golgin-160 plays an important role in directing insulin-regulated trafficking proteins toward the insulin-responsive compartment in adipocytes.
A differential equation for placement analysis

A first-order differential equation for placement analysis is derived by considering the competing processes that generate and terminate wires crossing a circuit partition. The solution of this equation provides an estimate for the number of wires needed by a circuit partition for external communication and corresponds to the information normally associated with Rent's rule. The rate model is shown to account not only for the simple power-law form of Rent's rule for small partition sizes but also for deviations from power-law behavior observed for larger partition sizes. The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing solutions of the differential equation with experimental data extracted from a variety of netlists. The netlists, ranging from 10000 to 68000 cells, were optimized using a commercial placement tool. The accurate modeling of terminal-cell data results in a more robust predictive model for the distribution of wire lengths. This improved model accurately captures the change in the distribution of wires as the level of circuit placement optimization ranges from random to highly optimized placement. In addition, the new model provides an explanation for the experimentally observed inflection point and local maximum in the wire length distribution of some netlists.
ClusPro: a fully automated algorithm for protein–protein docking

ClusPro (http://nrc.bu.edu/cluster) represents the first fully automated, web-based program for the computational docking of protein structures. Users may upload the coordinate files of two protein structures through ClusPro's web interface, or enter the PDB codes of the respective structures, which ClusPro will then download from the PDB server (http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/). The docking algorithms evaluate billions of putative complexes, retaining a preset number with favorable surface complementarities. A filtering method is then applied to this set of structures, selecting those with good electrostatic and desolvation free energies for further clustering. The program output is a short list of putative complexes ranked according to their clustering properties, which is automatically sent back to the user via email.
Lazarus and Group Psychotherapy: AIDS in the Era of Protease Inhibitors

A new class of medications, protease inhibitors, has dramatically improved the health of many people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This development has had a major impact on the lives of those affected by HIV/AIDS. This article considers how a group is affected by the larger systems of which it is a part. The article examines changes in the content, process, and salient leadership tasks of an ongoing therapy group for people with HIV and AIDS before and following the initial introduction of new medical treatments. It also considers how the group process continues to be affected by the more recent failure of these medications for many patients. Implications for research, practice, and training are discussed.
Human Visual System-Based Image Enhancement and Logarithmic Contrast Measure

Varying scene illumination poses many challenging problems for machine vision systems. One such issue is developing global enhancement methods that work effectively across the varying illumination. In this paper, we introduce two novel image enhancement algorithms: edge-preserving contrast enhancement, which is able to better preserve edge details while enhancing contrast in images with varying illumination, and a novel multihistogram equalization method which utilizes the human visual system (HVS) to segment the image, allowing a fast and efficient correction of nonuniform illumination. We then extend this HVS-based multihistogram equalization approach to create a general enhancement method that can utilize any combination of enhancement algorithms for an improved performance. Additionally, we propose new quantitative measures of image enhancement, called the logarithmic Michelson contrast measure (AME) and the logarithmic AME by entropy. Many image enhancement methods require selection of operating parameters, which are typically chosen using subjective methods, but these new measures allow for automated selection. We present experimental results for these methods and make a comparison against other leading algorithms.
Race, Religion, and Redistribution: The Differential Impact of Religiosity on Attitudes Towards Social Welfare Policies

Previous studies that have explored the influence of religiosity on public policy attitudes have typically relied on samples of white Americans. However, there is a growing literature that suggests the consequences of religious belief and practice should differ between devout whites and both blacks and Latinos. This project relies upon both pooled ANES data and experimental data to explore how religiosity influences attitudes on social welfare programs between whites, blacks, and Latinos. In particular, the experimental data explores whether underlying dimensions of religious belief shape distinct attitudes between each group. The expectation is that when considering social welfare policies, individualistic attitudes that underlie white Protestant beliefs are likely to illicit greater opposition to such policies. On the other hand, concerns for social justice underlying both black and Latino religious traditions motivate stronger support for social welfare programs.
The Structure of 12N using 11C + p resonance scattering

The level structure of {sup 12}N has been investigated from 2.2 to 11.0 MeV in excitation energy using a {sup 11}C + p resonance interaction with thick targets and inverse kinematics. Excitation functions were fitted using an R-matrix approach. Sixteen levels in {sup 12}N were included in the analysis, several of them are new. Spin-parity assignments, excitation energies and widths are proposed for these levels. To fit the high energy part of the excitation function, imaginary phase shifts had to be added to the phase shifts generated by the hard sphere scattering.
Fate of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in commercial, reduced-calorie mayonnaise

Two new varieties of commercial low-calorie mayonnaise, i.e., cholesterol-free, reduced-calorie (CFM) and reduced-calorie (RCM), made with different levels of acetic acid, were evaluated to determine the survival characteristics of Salmonella or Listeria monocytogenes . Two formulations of CFM, made with 0.3 or 0.7% acetic acid in the aqueous phase, and four formulations of RCM, made with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7% acetic acid in the aqueous phase, were evaluated. The initial pH of the products after equilibration ranged from 3.9 to 4.3, which was adjusted by addition of HCl. Products were inoculated with an eight- or six-strain mixture of Salmonella sp. or L. monocytogenes , respectively, at ca. 106 CFU per gram and held at 23.9°C for up to 2 weeks. L. monocytogenes survived longer than Salmonella in equivalent preparations of mayonnaise. No Salmonella (per 100 g) was detected at 48 h in either variety of mayonnaise made with 0.7% acetic acid in the aqueous phase. Salmonella levels in mayonnaise made with lower levels of acetic acid decreased during storage, and at 2 weeks the organism was not detectable in samples containing 0.3% acetic acid in the aqueous phase. No L. monocytogenes (per 100 g) was detected at 14 or 10 d postinoculation in CFM or RCM, respectively, made with 0.7% acetic acid in the aqueous phase. Results indicate these new varieties of mayonnaise, when formulated with 0.7% acetic acid in the aqueous phase, will inactivate >107 Salmonella and >104 L. monocytogenes per gram within the 72-h holding time required for regular mayonnaise made with unpasteurized eggs. Hence, properly acidified (pH <4.1) reduced-calorie mayonnaise containing 0.7% acetic acid in the aqueous phase is a microbiologically safe product.
Measurement of the intrinsic direct modulation response of a semiconductor laser by photomixing

The direct modulation response of a semiconductor laser is of great importance to optical fiber communication systems employing these devices as sources. It has been studied extensively and is determined by two mechanisms. The first is simply device parasitics, e.g., resistance and capacitance associated with the laser packaging, sub-mount, and the device itself. The second is the interaction of carriers and lasing mode photons in the active layer of the device. We demonstrate a technique that is able to measure the response associated with the latter, the intrinsic response function, independently of parasitic effects. In it, a semiconductor laser having a transparent contact layer is modulated by photomixing two optical frequencies in the device active layer. This technique has been used in the past to calibrate photo-detectors over large-frequency bandwidths.1,2 In those cases, however, both the intrinsic device response and the parasitic response are measured simultaneously, since the photomix-generated signal is dependent on the current transport out of the detector. With the semiconductor laser the photo-mixing process delivers gain modulation precisely where it is needed, inducing modulation of the emitted Iasing light without the deleterious effects of parasitics associated with carrier transport. We believe for this reason that the modulation response curves presented here are the first measurements of the intrinsic response of a semiconductor laser.
Synthesis of mono- and bimetallic ruthenium carbonyl compounds from ring-coupled bis(cyclopentadienyl thallium) reagents. The molecular structures of [Ru(CO)2][Ru(CO)2Cl][η5, η5:η1-C5H4(CH2)2CC5H3], Ru2(CO)4[η5, η5-C5H4(CH3)2SiC5H4] and [Ru(CO)2Br][Ru(CO)2Cl][η5, η5-C5H4C2H4C5H4]☆

Abstract Reaction of ring-coupled bis(cyclopentadienylthallum) compounds of the general form Tl 2 [C 5 H 4 LC 5 H 4 ], where L = CH 2 − , (CH 3 ) 2 C−, (CH 3 ) 2 Si−, C 2 H 4 −, with [Cl 2 Ru(CO) 3 ] 2 was found to form a family of mono- and bimetallic complexes including compounds of the form: Ru 2 (CO) 4 (η 5 ,η 5 C 5 H 4 LC 5 H 4 ), Ru(CO) 2 (η 5 ,η 5 : 1 C 5 H 4 LC 5 H 4 ), [Ru(CO) 2 ][(CO) 2 Cl](η 5 ,η 5 :η 1 C 5 H 4 LC 5 H 3 ), and [Ru(CO) 2 Cl] 2 (η 5 ,η 5 C 5 H 4 LC 5 H 4 ). These compounds have been completely characterized by IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of several compounds in this series have been determined: β = 75.26(3)°, γ = 80.93(3)°, V = 857.3(6) A 3 , Z = 2, R(F) = 3.52% . Ru 2 (CO) 4 [η 5 ,η 5 C 5 H 4 (CH 3 ) 2 SiC 5 H 4 ]; monoclinic, P2 1 n , a = 11.036(2) A , b = 13.660(2) A , c = 11.621(2) A , β = 105.83(2)°, V = 1688.6(5) A 3 , Z = 4, R(F) = 2.68% ; [Ru(CO) 2 Cl][Ru(CO) 2 )Br][η 5 ,η 5 C 5 H 4 C 2 H 4 C 5 H 4 ): monoclinic, C 2 c , a = 25.237(3) A , b = 6.049(1) A , c = 12.646(2) A , β= 109.73(1)°, V = 1817(2) A 3 , Z = 4, R(F) = 4.37% .
The Role of Cocoa As a Cigarette Additive: Opportunities for Product Regulation

INTRODUCTION The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act prohibited the use of characterizing flavors in cigarettes; however, some of these flavors are still used in cigarettes at varying levels. We reviewed tobacco industry internal documents to investigate the role of one of these flavors, cocoa, with the objective of understanding its relationship to sensory and risk perception, promotion of dependence, and enhancement of attractiveness and acceptability. METHODS We used the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library to identify documents relevant to our research questions. Initial search terms were generated following an examination of published literature on cocoa, other cigarette additives, and sensory and risk perception. Further research questions and search terms were generated based on review of documents generated from the initial search terms. RESULTS Cocoa is widely applied to cigarettes and has been used by the tobacco industry as an additive since the early 20th century. Cocoa can alter the sensory properties of cigarette smoke, including by providing a more appealing taste and decreasing its harshness. The tobacco industry has experimented with manipulating cocoa levels as a means of achieving sensory properties that appeal to women and youth. CONCLUSIONS Although cocoa is identified as a flavor on tobacco industry Web sites, it may serve other sensory purposes in cigarettes as well. Eliminating cocoa as an additive from tobacco products may affect tobacco product abuse liability by altering smokers' perceptions of product risk, and decreasing product appeal, especially among vulnerable populations.
Variant Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated From Indiana Chickens

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) associated with a catarrhal tracheitis, sudden decline in egg production, and reduced shell quality was isolated from an Indiana White Leghorn breeder flock. It was found to be serologically different from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Iowa 97, Iowa 609, Florida, Arkansas 99, JMK, Holte, Gray and SE 17 IBV serotypes. Two different Massachusetts vaccine strains protected chickens from respiratory signs but not against virus infection using the isolant for challenge in laboratory trials. The isolant was passed through a 0.22 mu. filter. It was heat (56 C), acid pH (3.0), ether and chloroform labile. In embryos it produced deaths or lesions of infectious bronchitis in one to five days after inoculation. It is suggested that this IBV isolant be designated Indiana-type.
Pracniques: Meansort

This paper presents an efficient algorithm based on Quicksort. The Quicksort algorithm is known to be one of the most efficient sorting techniques; however, one of the drawbacks of this method is its worst case situation of 0 (n2) comparisons. The algorithm presented here improves the average behavior of Quicksort and reduces the occurrence of worst case situations.
Effects of A-site nonstoichiometry on oxide ion conduction in 0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 ceramics

Lead free 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state mixed oxide route with the A-site stoichiometry modified to incorporate donor-doping (through Bi-excess) and acceptor-doping (through Na-excess). Both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric ceramics exhibited a single perovskite phase with pseudo-cubic symmetry. A significant improvement in the dielectric properties was observed in Bi-excess compositions and a deterioration in the dielectric properties was observed in Na-excess compositions. Impedance spectroscopy was utilized to analyze the effects of A-site nonstoichiometry on conduction mechanisms. Compositions with Bi-excess resulted in an electrically homogeneous microstructure with an increase in resistivity by ∼3–4 orders of magnitude and an associated activation energy of 1.57eV which was close to half of the optical bandgap. In contrast, an electrically heterogeneous microstructure was observed in both the stoichiometric and Na-excess compositions. In addition, the Na-excess compositions exhibited low resistivities (ρ∼103Ω-cm) with characteristic peaks in the impedance data comparable to the recent observations of oxide ion conduction in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3. Long term annealing studies were also conducted at 800∘C to identify changes in crystal structure and electrical properties. The results of this study demonstrates that the dielectric and electrical properties of 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 ceramics are very sensitive to Bi/Na stoichiometry.
Mutations of Cellular Oncogenes as a Basis for Neoplastic Change

All RNA tumor viruses (retroviruses) replicate through a DNA intermediate, called a provirus, and many induce tumors swiftly through the action of oncogenes (v-onc’s) that are the transduced versions of normal cellular genes (c-onc’s). There are at present at least 18 distinguishable v-onc genes, several of which encode protein kinases specific for tyrosine residues.
Electron collisions with laser-excited atoms: a sensitive probe of radial atomic structure

First Born approximation cross sections for excitation of magnetic substates from the atomic ground State are known to have little dependence on the principal quantum number n of the excited State. This is the case because in the first Born approximation the differential cross section for excitation of a magnetic substate is simply the differential cross section summed over magnetic substates times a geometrical factor that is a function. of momentum. transfer only and does not depend on the principal quantum number of the excited State.1
Generation of paternal dihaploids in tall fescue

Within the Lolium-Festuca genome complex there is a need for modern breeding approaches that can facilitate the rapid development of improved germplasm or cultivars. Traditional recurrent or mass-selection methods for population or synthetic development are labor intensive and time consuming. The recent development of dihaploid (DH) inducer lines of annual ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot [syn. Lolium multiflorum Lam.]) that exhibit genome loss when hybridized with tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. [syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.]) can provide an alternative breeding approach. Hybridizations between the inducer lines and tall fescue result in F1 hybrids that can lose either their ryegrass or tall fescue genomes. This behavior results in the occasional generation of both ryegrass and tall fescue DH lines through parthenogenic embryo formation within the F1 inflorescence.
Investigating Transfer Learners for Robustness to Domain Class Imbalance

A transfer learning environment is characterized by a machine learning algorithm being trained with data from one domain (the source domain) and being tested on data from a different domain (the target domain). In a transfer learning scenario, the class probability of the source domain may be different from the class probability of the target domain, which is referred to as "domain class imbalance". Domain class imbalance is different from "class imbalance". Class imbalance refers to the condition of a single domain having unequal class probabilities. In traditional machine learning, the training and testing data are drawn from a single domain. The effects of class imbalance in traditional machine learning are well studied, however, the issue of domain class imbalance in the field of transfer learning has received little research attention. This paper provides a comparative performance test of state-of-the-art transfer learning algorithms, using a wide-range of domain class imbalance combinations. A detailed discussion on the relative performances of the different algorithms, with statistical validation, is presented for the different domain class imbalance scenarios.
Error analysis about on-line icing-monitoring device based on weighing method

Icing disaster about transmission line has affected the safety of power network. At present, weighing method is an important method and technology for on-line icing-monitoring system, which uses the force transducer to monitor the change of pulling force about the insulator string in order to reflect the wire icing status. However, calculation formula of ice thickness used by many companies not only neglects the important parameters of the line icing characteristics, but also gets nothing about some other useful parameter, so the results of the calculation have great errors, and the engineering application is poor. This paper analyzes some error facts about icing-monitoring device, and provides some advices for formula correction and data analysis.
Non-standard interactions of solar neutrinos in dark matter experiments

Abstract We show that non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) can be probed in future direct dark matter detection experiments through both elastic neutrino-electron scattering and coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. We show NSI can increase the event rate due to solar neutrinos, with a sharp increase for lower nuclear recoil energy thresholds. We also identify an interference range of NSI parameters for which the rate is reduced by approximately 40%. Finally, we show that the “dark side” solution for the solar neutrino mixing angle may be discovered at forthcoming experiments.
Finite Element Modeling and Analysis: Introduction

You need to understand terminologies and two basic principles of FEM analysis: mesh generation and mathematical analysis.
Dropouts speak out: qualitative data on early school departures

From interviews conducted in the home, qualitative data were obtained from 374 urban high school dropouts concerning their primary reason for leaving school early. Female and male respondents of five ethnic groups answered closed- and open-ended questions concerning their (1) dropout history, (2) reasons for leaving school, (3) feelings about various aspects of the high school experience, (4) past and present activities, (5) academic and general future plans, (6) reflections about school, and (7) recommendations for school improvement.
Getting What You Pay For: Children's Use of Market Norms to Regulate Exchanges

Children are sensitive to a number of considerations influencing distributions of resources, including equality, equity, and reciprocity. We tested whether children use a specific type of reciprocity norm-market norms-in which resources are distributed differentially based strictly on amount offered in return. In two studies, 195 children 5-10 years and 60 adults distributed stickers to friends offering same or different amounts of money. Overall, participants distributed more equally when offers were the same and more unequally when offers were different. Although sensitive to why friends offered different amounts of money, children increasingly incorporated market norms into their distributions with age, as the oldest children and adults distributed more to those offering more, irrespective of the reasons provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The Classification of Aggressive Dialogue in Social Media Platforms

The significance of aggression for the understanding of human behavior cannot be over amplified. It associates the individual, behavior, habits, environment, and health (mental). Understanding specificity when it comes to types of aggression and aggressive behavior can help with implementing appropriate countermeasures to those who demonstrate aggressive behavior within their speech and behavior on social media platforms. Through a research synthesis utilizing different search engines to find work on hate speech detection, hate, anger, aggressive behavior in social media, and the consequences associated with these terms, it can be concluded that previous work on hate speech detection have developed methods that ignore the variety in speech, possible other categories of hate speech, the correlation of speech to human behavior, and demonstrate minimal to no empathy toward the users from which this data was extracted from. Categorizations of hate speech currently only include hate and offensive language. Another category that should be added is anger. Future studies should specify their searches to including aggressive behavior since it is the connection when analyzing human behavior and hate speech.
Tax planning strategies for corporate inversion

This article investigates the problem of corporate inversion. It describes how international transactions are taxed in the United States and points out the possible tax loopholes. This paper shows that the tax rate in the United States is one of the highest in the industrialised countries and imposes tax on the basis of worldwide income, rather than domestic income only. This paper then explains how the corporate inversion was employed to take advantage of the pitfalls in the tax law. It uses four cases for demonstration - McDermott, Helen of Troy, Burger King, and Medtronic. This paper illustrates one example to determine the amount of tax savings using corporate inversion. It further looks into the anti-corporate inversion regulations under IRC §7874, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Notices 2014-52 and 2015-79, and the Treasury Regulations TD 9761. This paper also offers some strategies to maximise the benefits of corporate inversion.
The Dolbeault Isomorphism

In proving Mittag-Leffler’s theorem \(\left( {{H^1}\left( {U,O} \right) = 0,U \subset {\Bbb C}} \right)\), we reduced the result to solving the equation \(\frac{{\partial u}}{{\partial \bar z}} = f.\) The method given there, when formalised, leads to an important interpretation of H 1 (X, E) [E being a holomorphic vector bundle on the Riemann surface X] called the Dolbeault isomorphism.
Long-term regulation and promoter analysis of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

The mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) plays a key role in the irreversible decarboxylation of pyruvate derived from glucose and amino acids to form acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria. Acetyl-CoA is then utilized for either energy production by the tricarboxylic acid cycle or energy storage by the lipogenic pathway. This enzyme complex contains multiple copies of three catalytic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetytransferase (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), two regulatory components (E1-kinase, phospho-E1 phosphatase) and one non-catalytic protein X (also referred to as E3-binding protein) (for review see: Reed, 1974; Patel and Roche, 1990; Behal et al., 1993).
The Association of leptin with severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS Leptin is associated with metabolic disorders, which predispose one to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The role of leptin in NAFLD pathogenesis is not fully understood. We aim to investigate the association between serum leptin level and severity of NAFLD using U.S. nationally representative data. METHODS Data were obtained from the United States Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD was defined by ultrasound detection and severity of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other liver diseases. The severity of hepatic fibrosis was determined by NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). We used multivariate survey-weighted generalized logistic regression to evaluate the association between leptin level and the degree of NAFLD. We also performed subgroup analyses by body mass index (lean vs. classic NAFLD). RESULTS Among 4,571 people, 1,610 (35%) had NAFLD. By ultrasound findings, there were 621 people with mild, 664 with moderate, and 325 with severe steatosis. There were 885 people with low NFS ( 0.676, advanced fibrosis). Leptin levels for normal, mild, moderate and severe steatosis were 10.7±0.3 ng/mL, 12.1±0.7 ng/mL, 15.6±0.8 ng/mL, 16±1.0 ng/mL, respectively (trend P-value<0.001). Leptin levels for low, intermediate, and high NFS were 11.8±0.5 ng/mL, 15.6±0.8 ng/mL, 28.5±3.5ng/mL, respectively (trend P-value<0.001). This association remained significant even after adjusting for known demographic and metabolic risk factors. In the subgroup analysis, this association was only prominent in classic NAFLD, but not in lean NAFLD. CONCLUSION Serum leptin level is associated with the severity of NAFLD, especially in classic NAFLD patients.
Subclinical Antibody-mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation: Treatment Outcomes.

Background.Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation. Early diagnosis and treatment of subclinical AMR based on the donor-specific antibody (DSA) testing may result in better outcomes.Methods.We tested this hypothesis in 220 kidney t
Age matters: differences in correlates of self-reported HIV antiretroviral treatment adherence between older and younger Black men who have sex with men living with HIV.

Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) show lower levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV medications than other racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Yet, little is known about age ...
Making Meaning of Media Development Today

This article aims to fill a gap in the academic literature on how employees at a media development intermediary construct meaning of their work. Based on in-depth interviews with 18 employees of Internews , this research shows that employees believe the organization has “evolved” from the past to include the entire “information ecosystem” today. Themes that emerged include a focus on information as a solution, an emphasis on local communities, the desire to give voice to marginalized communities, and a practice of listening. Interviewees strictly adhered to official narratives of their work and to contemporary development orthodoxy, perhaps because of group think and participant bias. Despite these narratives, we have to consider the ulterior motives of media development as a neocolonial project. Although some of the results may seem obvious, there is merit in documenting these findings to demystify media development work today.
Pott’s puffy abscess: Moniker change from historical misnomer of Pott’s puffy tumor

Abstract Frontal bone infection with osteomyelitis and subperiosteal abscess causing local forehead swelling has historically carried the moniker of Pott’s puffy “tumor”, in reference to the original description by Percivall Pott in 1760. In the modern era, the “tumor” component of the term causes confusion, since semantic evolution of this term in common parlance is mistakenly interpreted as neoplastic pathology rather than generalized tissue swelling of infectious etiology. The pathology is subperiosteal abscess with frontal sinusitis, which can typically be treated with small focal surgeries involving abscess drainage, osteomyelitis debridement, and endoscopic endonasal frontal sinus surgery, along with course of antibiotics as infectious pathology. Although if the posterior wall of the frontal sinus is significantly compromised, more extensive frontal sinus obliteration surgery may be required. We present a case report of Pott's puffy tumor with frontal sinus and epidural abscess, diagnosed with CT and MRI, treated with frontal burr hole and endoscopic endonasal surgeries plus antibiotics, and review the literature with proposal of simple terminology change to an updated description as Pott’s puffy “abscess”.
The Integration of Muslim Maghrebis into Quebec: France as the Model Not to Follow

Since the early 1990s, Maghrebis began immigrating to Quebec in large numbers, attracted by Quebec’s interculturalism, and hoping to avoid the tense French-Maghrebi postcolonial paradigm. Unfortunately, the latter remains an issue for Muslim Maghrebis in Quebec. From province-wide political debates about secularism to high unemployment rates, the ghost-like presence of France’s own problematic relation with Muslim Maghrebis is plain to see. This French “ghost” is such a part of the socio-economic and political reality of Maghrebis in Quebec that it is becoming a topos in the emerging literature written by Maghrebis in the province. After presenting this French specter in the political and socio-economic realms in Quebec, this chapter further analyzes the complexity of this phenomenon in Bachir Bensaddek’s play Montreal la Blanche (Theâtre Porte Parole, unpublished, Montreal, 2004).
Wellbeing at older ages: Towards an inclusive and multidimensional measure.

Abstract Background With population aging, there is a growing need to measure and monitor the wellbeing of older people, including older people with disabilities. Objective To estimate the extent of wellbeing for individuals age 60+ in the U.S. overall and across disability status, this paper develops a measure of wellbeing at older ages that is multidimensional and disability inclusive. Methods Rates of multidimensional wellbeing among American older adults overall and among older adults with disabilities were estimated using multivariate regression analysis and data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics matched with the 2013 Disability and Use of Time Supplement. Multidimensional wellbeing was defined as the simultaneous achievement of outcomes in five dimensions: material wellbeing, health status, personal activities, social connections/relationships, and economic security. Results Among all older adults, 33% experience multidimensional wellbeing. However, only 4–18% of older adults with disabilities experience wellbeing. Wellbeing varies across the dimensions of wellbeing for this subpopulation. Persons with disabilities experience as much wellbeing as persons without disabilities in terms of health insurance status and social connections/relationships. In contrast, for material wellbeing, health status and personal activities, older persons with disabilities less often experience wellbeing. Discussion This paper brings to light a disability gap in the experience of wellbeing among older adults in the U.S. There is a need for research which can inform the development of policies and practices that will enhance wellbeing for older people with disabilities, including material wellbeing, health and personal activities.
SBRT versus nephrectomy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

5059Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is being increasingly used for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment in non-surgical candidates. However, no studies have compared survival betw...
Low Rates of Advance Care Planning (ACP) Discussions Despite Readiness to Engage in ACP Among Liver Transplant Candidates

Patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplantation (LT) are seriously ill and experience fluctuating periods of clinical decompensation. Discussion of a patient’s advance care planning (ACP) wishes early in their dynamic disease course is critical to providing value-aligned care while awaiting LT. We aimed to evaluate current ACP documentation and assess readiness to engage in ACP in this population. We conducted a retrospective study of adults undergoing LT evaluation from January 2017 to June 2017 and assessed characteristics associated with documentation using logistic regression. We then administered a survey to LT candidates from March 2018 to May 2018 to determine self-reported readiness to engage in ACP (range 1 = not at all ready to 5 = very ready). Among 170 LT candidates, median (interquartile range) age was 58 (53–65), 65% were men, MELDNa was 15 (11–21), and Child–Pugh A/B/C were 33/38/29%. Nine percent reported completing ACP prior to LT evaluation, but 0% had legal ACP forms or end-of-life wishes documented in the medical record. A durable power of attorney (DPOA) was discussed with 10%. In univariable analysis, white race (OR 4.16, p = 0.03) and female sex (OR 3.06, p = 0.04) were associated with ACP documentation, but Child–Pugh score and MELDNa were not. Of the 41 LT candidates who completed the ACP survey, 93% were ready to appoint a DPOA and 85% were ready to discuss end-of-life care. There is a paucity of ACP documentation and identification of DPOA among LT candidates, despite patients reporting readiness to complete ACP and appoint a DPOA. These results reveal an opportunity for tools to facilitate discussions around ACP between clinicians, patients, and their caregivers.
Nonlinear Array Processing via a Nested Array: Theory and Experimental Evaluation

Array processing by means of using the difference coarray as a virtual uniform linear array (VULA) has become a popular approach, mainly due to the claim of obtaining $\mathcal{O}(N^{2})$ degrees of freedom (DOF) from a $N$ element sparse array. In this work we seek to understand if and how this type of nonlinear array processing (NAP) approach could be used for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and adaptive beamforming from the perspective of a pulsed radar system. More specifically, our study seeks to validate some of the theoretical aspects and challenges of NAP through an experimental emulation of the receive side of a monostatic 6 element nested array radar.
Evaluation of core concepts of physiology in undergraduate physiology curricula: results from faculty and student surveys.

Unlike other STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) disciplines, program guidelines for undergraduate physiology degree programs have yet to be firmly established. The purpose of this...
The cell membrane repair protein MG53 modulates transcription factor NF-κB signaling to control kidney fibrosis.

Kidney fibrosis is associated with the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease. MG53, a cell membrane repair protein, has been shown to protect against injury to kidney epithelial cells and acute kidney injury. Here, we evaluated the role of MG53 in modulation of kidney fibrosis in aging mice and in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) a known model of progressive kidney fibrosis. Mice with ablation of MG53 developed more interstitial fibrosis with age than MG53-intact mice of the same age. Similarly, in the absence of MG53, kidney fibrosis was exaggerated compared to mice with intact MG53 in the obstructed kidney compared to the contralateral unobstructed kidney or the kidneys of sham operated mice. The ureteral obstructed kidneys from MG53 deficient mice also showed significantly more inflammation than ureteral obstructed kidneys from MG53 intact mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that MG53 could enter the nuclei of proximal tubular epithelial cells and directly interact with the p65 component of transcription factor NF-κB, providing a possible explanation of enhanced inflammation in the absence of MG53. To test this, enhanced MG53 expression through engineered cells or direct recombinant protein delivery was given to mice subject to UUO. This reduced NF-κB activation and inflammation and attenuated kidney fibrosis. Thus, MG53 may have a therapeutic role in treating chronic kidney inflammation and thereby provide protection against fibrosis that leads to the chronic kidney disease phenotype.
Setting Body Mass Index Criteria for Obese Obstetric Patients to Reduce Nurse Injury and Improve Patient Safety

Paper Presentation Purpose for the Program A high body mass index (BMI) in women during pregnancy poses safety threats for the nurses who care for them related to moving, transferring, repositioning, and airway management. There are also increased risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes for morbidly obese women. In June 2013, an obstetric nurse injured her shoulder while assisting a morbidly obese woman. This incident sparked a response to investigate possible practice changes to ensure the safety of nurses who care for this patient population. Proposed Change To implement body mass index criteria in obstetric patients to reduce nurse injury and improve patient safety. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation The Perinatal Quality and Patient Safety Collaborative is an interprofessional committee consisting of leaders from nursing, medicine, and anesthesiology. The committee reviewed opinions that were issued in January 2013 regarding obesity in pregnancy. The team set BMI limits for patients to ensure the safety of the patient and nursing staff during the birth process. The Roper St. Francis Healthcare Obesity in Pregnancy Guidelines state that assessment and counseling should be initiated early and when indicated, a multidisciplinary approach, including anaesthesia consultant, should be utilized. Anesthesia consults should be obtained for women with BMIs of 45–54.9. Women with BMIs of 55 or greater should give birth at a tertiary care center. Additional lift equipment was purchased to help nurses transfer and position women without harming themselves. Because the first injury occurred during the transfer of a morbidly obese patient from a bed to the operating room table, a Maxi Air Mattress with air supply was ordered in December 2013 to help reduce injuries. Implications for Nursing Practice The committee continues to monitor the BMI of women who give birth at Bon Secours St. Francis Hospital to ensure that the guidelines are being followed. Since 2014, an average of seven women per month are seen prenatally for anesthesia consults to discuss patient safety issues and maternal and neonatal risks. In addition to the reduction in injuries, 10 morbidly obese women were transferred to the tertiary care center from November 18, 2013 to July 23, 2014. This provides safer deliveries and recoveries for these women and helps to prevent possible staff injuries.