cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elastic scattering of 80-180 MeV protons and the proton-nucleus optical potential

Accurate and extensive measurements have been made of the differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of protons from $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$, and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ targets over an energy range of 80-180 MeV, in the angular range from about 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to about 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (to 126\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$ at 135 MeV) in 0.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 2.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} steps. The most prominent general feature of the data, namely strong damping of the diffractive oscillations in the mid-angle region (roughly 30-60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}), was found to arise from the complex spin-orbit interaction which has a considerably greater influence on the differential cross section at these energies than at lower energies. These data, together with data of comparable quality from other sources in the energy range 60-180 MeV, were analyzed in terms of a 10-parameter phenomenological optical-model potential using relativistic kinematics and a relativistic extension of the Schr\"odinger equation. Analyses with various parameter constraints were performed. A logarithmic energy dependence was found for the strengths of the real potentials (central and spin-orbit terms); the corresponding imaginary potentials were found to be essentially independent of energy. While individual model parameters were generally not uniquely defined by the cross section data, volume integrals of the central potentials were well determined. The spin-orbit parameterization was found to be relatively more uncertain, despite the enhanced sensitivity of the cross section to spin dependent terms in the potential at these energies and the inclusion of some existing polarization data in the analysis. Some features of the phenomenological potentials were compared with the predictions of microscopic potential models, and certain aspects of the proton-nucleus interaction at the higher energies have been found to be describable in terms of the free nucleon-nucleon interaction.
Difference equations in a general setting

Abstract For a square matrix A, the difference equation y k+1 =y k A generates a sequence of vectors y 0 ,y 1 ,… The long run behavior of this sequence is described in terms of a group obtained from A,A 2 … . The results are given in a topological semigroup setting so they can also be applied to more general difference equations.
An XML-based methodology for parametric temporal database model implementation

Parametric data model is one of dimensional data models. It defines attributes as functions, modeling a real world object into a single tuple in a database. Such one-to-one correspondence between an object in the real world and a tuple provides various advantages in modeling dimensional data, avoiding self-joins which frequently appear in temporal data models which fragment an object into multiple tuples. Despite its modeling advantages, it is impractical to implement the parametric data model on top of conventional database systems because of the data model's variable attribute sizes. However, such implementation challenge can be resolved by XML because XML is flexible for data boundaries. In this paper, we present an XML-based implementation methodology for the parametric temporal data model. In our implementation, we develop our own XML storage called CanStoreX (Canonical Storage for XML) and build the temporal database system on top of the CanStoreX.
Accommodative spasm after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Purpose To report a case of accommodative spasm following laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Design Observational case report. Methods Ophthalmic examination including manifest and cycloplegic refraction to assist in diagnosis. Results Two months following LASIK surgery, a 41-year-old healthy woman complained of intolerable headaches that had interfered with her daily activities. The patient sought medical consultation, and an MRI of the brain was normal. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 and 20/25 with manifest refraction of −2.25 −0.50 × 170 and plano in the right and the left eye, respectively. Cycloplegic refraction was plano in the right and +0.75 sphere in the left eye, and she was corrected to 20/20 bilaterally. After being treated with cyclopentolate 1% one drop at bedtime to each eye for approximately six weeks, the headache completely resolved. Conclusions Accommodative spasm should be considered in patients undergoing LASIK surgery complicated with fluctuating refraction of uncertain causes.
Towards artificial molecular motor-based electroactive/photoactive biomimetic muscles

Artificial molecular motors have recently attracted considerable interest from the nanoscience and nanoengineering community. These molecular-scale systems utilize a 'bottom-up' technology centered around the design and manipulation of molecular assemblies, and are potentially capable of delivering efficient actuations at dramatically reduced length scales when compared to traditional microscale actuators. When stimulated by light, electricity, or chemical reagents, a group of artificial molecular motors called bistable rotaxanes - which are composed of mutually recognizable and intercommunicating ring and dumbbell-shaped components - experience relative internal motions of their components just like the moving parts of macroscopic machines. Bistable rotaxanes' ability to precisely and cooperatively control mechanical motions at the molecular level reveals the potential of engineering systems that operate with the same elegance, efficiency, and complexity as biological motors function within the human body. We are in a process of developing a new class of bistable rotaxane-based electroactive/photoactive biomimetic muscles with unprecedented performance (strain: 40-60%, operating frequency: up to 1 MHz, energy density: ~50 J/cm 3 , multi-stimuli: chemical, electricity, light). As a substantial step towards this longterm objective, we have proven, for the first time, that rotaxanes are mechanically switchable in condensed phases on solid substrates. We have further developed a rotaxane-powered microcantilever actuator utilizing an integrated approach that combines "bottom-up" assembly of molecular functionality with "top-down" micro/nano fabrication. By harnessing the nanoscale mechanical motion from artificial molecular machines and eliciting a nanomechanical response in a microscale device, this system mimics natural skeletal muscle and provides a key component for the development of nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS).
Effects of Whey Components and Methionine Analog on Bovine Milk Fat Production

Abstract In three experiments, dietary whey products and methionine analog were evaluated for their effect on milk fat production, rumen fermentation, and lipid metabolism in the bovine. In Experiment I the effects of substituting either 10% partially delactosed whey, 10% hydrolyzed whey, 5% lactose, or 5% whey mineral-protein into a pelleted concentrate which supplied 86% of’ the total ration were compared in 20 lactating cows. In a second period of Experiment I variables were increased 1.5-fold in an unpelleted ration. Most effective recovery of milk fat was associated with the partially delactosed whey followed by whey mineral-protein feeding (P Experiment II in two parts compared the effects of partially delactosed whey and methionine analog with 24 lactating cows. A high concentrate ration was compared with the same concentrate containing 15% of the whey during treatment Period A. In Period B several cow groups of Period A were switched to a different treatment. Treatments were control, 15% partially delactosed whey and 40 g of methionine analog added per day. Milk fat percentage was enhanced (P In experiment III, two replications of a 3 × 3 Latin square arrangement were utillized. All cows received 85% intake as concentrate. Treatments were control, 15% partially delactosed whey in concentrate and40 g per day of methionine analog. Partially delactosed whey and methionine analog increased the relative amounts of ruminal acetate (P
Traps at the deposited insulator-InP interface— a discussion of a possible cause

Trapping of interface electrons in InP metal/insulator/semiconductor field effect transistors (MISFETs) has previously been reported. The rate of trapping appears to be strongly dependent on the fabrication process although the cause of the trap states is not presently known. In this paper a model for the cause of the traps is proposed based upon a review of the InP MIS literature and knowledge of the chemical composition of the InP native oxide. The model associates the traps with the presence of In2O3 near the insulator-InP interface. The In2O3 is formed either by oxidation of the InP surface or by a reaction between the InPO4 native oxide and the depositing insulator. A number of assumptions have been made in order to fit the In2O3 trap model to the reported MISFET measurements. Thus, at this point the model should not be considered complete but a basis for further experiments.
Toward a Theory of Organizational Implosion

The essay seeks to develop theory for a particular type of organizational disaster, “organizational implosion.” The organization implosion concept is developed in depth, but a key aspect of it is t...
A study of fracture and defects in single crystal YAG

Abstract Single crystals of Czochralski grown Nd:YAG have been observed to crack more frequently during growth as the bulk substitutional Nd concentration is increased. Examination of the fracture surfaces indicated that in some cases the cause of failure was microscopic voids acting as stress concentrators. In other cases, the origin of fracture could not be ascertained directly from observation of the fracture surfaces. High-resolution transmission electron microscope studies of samples taken from the core of boules containing 1.02% Nd suggested that spherical particles rich in Nd may act as sources of stress in these high-Nd-doped YAG crystals. The hydrostatic stress at the particle/matrix boundary has been determined from elasticity calculations to be 80 MPa. In boules containing 1.395% Nd, rod-shaped particles were observed throughout the crystal. From electron diffraction analysis these particles appeared to be regions of small misorientation,
Experimental methods for determination of transport properties of magma

Abstract The experimental techniques for measuring at high temperatures and pressures the transport properties of magma, a concentrated solution of silicates, are at a primitive stage. The fluxes of energy, mass, and momentum are usually interrelated in nature and are difficult to isolate in the laboratory. The measurement of thermal conductivity, a property of magma related to heat transport, is usually obtained by observing the temperature at two points in a cylindrical sample at different distances from a coaxial line heat source. There are no reported measurements of thermal conductivity in molten rocks under pressure. Electrical conductivity is obtained by measuring the flow of electricity between two conductors imbedded in the sample at various stages of melting under pressure. Elastic energy is transmitted and collected by means of transducers attached through suitable refractory extension rods to the ends of a cylindrical specimen held at specified pressures and temperatures to measure seismic wave velocities. The diffusion coefficient, the property of a chemical constituent of magma related to mass transport, has been measured for the self-diffusion of elements in multicomponent liquids, diffusion of elements between dissimilar liquids, diffusion of volatiles into or out of liquids, and isotopic exchange. At least five methods have been used at atmospheric pressure to obtain diffusion coefficients: (1) diffusion couple; (2) thin source; (3) thick source; (4) capillary-reservoir; and (5) bulk gain or loss. The results of only one method, involving a thin source, have been reported for an investigation carried out at a series of high pressures in the melt region. The variation of composition has been determined with measurements of index of refraction, autoradiography, ion and electron microprobe traverses, radioactivity of sections or their successive remainders, mass spectrometric analysis of sections, and weight gain or loss. Viscosity, the property of magma related to momentum transport, has been measured in magmas at high pressure with a sinking- or floating-sphere technique, rotating concentric cylinder, and capillary extrusion. Both viscosity and density, hence the kinematic viscosity, can be determined for the applied conditions from the Stokes relation by varying the density and size of the spheres in the sink-float technique. The Stokes-Einstein relationship between diffusivity and viscosity does not appear to hold for silicate magmas. Only one attempt has been made to study the flow of fluid through porous media, infiltration, at high pressures and temperatures. Convection, which appears to be the major transport process in magma, is amenable to laboratory investigation. Opportunities for research still lie in the investigation of the primary transport properties of magma at high pressures. The coupling of the fluxes will subsequently require evaluation.
A stochastic model of chromosome segregation errors with reference to cancer cells

A majority of tumor cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, and this number varies even among the cells of clonal origin. Recent publications suggest that the acquisition of chromosome numerical abnormalities is an early event in a carcinogenesis pathway. Chromosomal instability may also play an important role in tumor progression. However, the mechanisms that result in abnormal number of chromosomes are poorly understood. One of the possible sources of chromosomal instability is a failure of chromosomes to segregate to the proper cells during cell division. We now propose a stochastic model that describes the evolution of chromosome number in a population of dividing cells as a result of such chromosome segregation errors (CSE). Assuming the independence of life cycles for all chromosomes within a cell, our model describes a process of evolution of cell karyotypes as a random branching walk in a K-dimensional nonnegative integer space (K = 23 for human cells). The conditions of cell death define K absorption boundaries for this random walk. Our basic model of human cells has all absorption boundaries set to zero. In the model, we have introduced a single parameter, a probability of segregation errors, which reflects an average rate of segregation errors per cell division. Using this model, we have examined the possible impact of CSE on chromosome numerical changes in cell populations. The model was implemented in a C++ program based on a discrete event simulation algorithm. Using computer simulation experiments, we have tested the sensitivity of our model to the initial conditions and parameter values. We have examined the effects of CSE on survival of cells and clones as well as on the dynamics of population growth and chromosome number distributions. Our modeling results suggest that the long-term dynamics of cell population growth depends upon the rate of segregation errors. The fraction of clones surviving was estimated as a function of the probability of CSE, and critical values for the probability of CSE were approximated which separates qualitatively different patterns of model behavior. The model suggests a theoretical limit for the rate of CSE that would allow a diploid population to survive without a complete loss of any chromosome type. It also suggests a minimal interval of probability of CSE values for which 100% survival of clones is possible. Our modeling results allow comparisons to be
Measurement of velocity vectors with orthogonal and non-orthogonal triple-sensor probes

A new method of interpreting the signals from triple-sensor thermal anemometer probes has been developed based on fast solution for all the roots of the non-linear Jorgensen (1971) equations describing the directional response of each cylindrical sensor. The sensors can be oriented at arbitrary angles to each other, but always within a range of probe geometries that keep prong interference and thermal wake interference below acceptable levels. The properties of a class of non-orthogonal symmetric tetrahedral probe geometries are studied in relation to the range of flow vector angles that can be measured, the sensitivity of the probe with respect to changes in flow angle, and the sensitivity of the computed velocity components due to angular errors associated with the construction of the probe. The solutions of Jorgensen's equations are inherently multiple-valued, but if the velocity vector is restricted to be within a cone of angles, they are unique. It is shown that measurements with non-orthogonal triple sensor signals are sensitive to angular deviations of a few degrees of the sensor angles from the nominally orthogonal probe geometry, indicating the need of a non-orthogonal algorithm. The mean, rms, Reynolds stress, and power spectrum of the velocity in fully developed turbulent pipe flow were measured using a specially designed triple sensor probe and the proposed algorithm.
Manipulation of Strength During Sintering as a Basis for Obtaining Rapid Densification without Distortion

Sintering to full density enables powder metallurgy products to compete with castings and forgings. Subsieve powders with high inherent sinterability provide one means to attain densification, but at a substantial cost penalty when compared with readily available coarse compaction grade powders. Unfortunately, for large powders the sintering stress that causes densification is small and often insufficient to overcome the inherent compact strength that resists rapid densification. In such cases, only slow diffusion-controlled densification occurs. The current analysis identifies an option for sintering densification of large particles based on a comparison of the sintering stress and component strength during heating. Rapid densification occurs when the in situ strength is reduced to levels comparable to the sintering stress. On this basis, alloy systems are identified for full density sintering using thermal softening concepts.
Asian American Panethnicity: Bridging Institutions and Identities

Tables and Figures Preface 1. Ethnicity and Panethnicity 2. Coming Together: The Asian American Movement 3. Electoral Politics 4. The Politics of Social Service Funding 5. Census Classification: The Politics of Ethnic Enumeration 6. Reactive Solidarity: Anti-Asian Violence 7. Pan-Asian American Ethnicity: Retrospect and Prospect Notes References Interviews Index
Increasing the precision of canopy closure estimates from hemispherical photography: Blue channel analysis and under-exposure

Abstract Accurate measurement of canopy structure is fundamental to the fields of ecological modeling and restoration. A large number of methods exist for estimating the structure of forest canopies, with widely varying costs and effectiveness. Hemispherical photography has been in use for several decades, and the rise of lower-cost consumer grade digital SLR cameras has expanded the availability of this technique. We examine two improvements to the hemispherical photography technique for estimating canopy closure: computer-based blue channel analysis and under-exposing images. Photographs taken in the field (without a filter) showed much lower variation in the blue channel than in red or green channel of the same images. We found a higher variance in canopy closure measurements due to over-exposure of images, while images with automatic light metering and under-exposed images remained consistent. We conclude that under- or normal exposure combined with blue channel analysis together minimize variability and maximize the precision of canopy closure estimates. Results from hemispherical photography were comparable to the widely used LAI-2200, supporting hemispherical photography as a viable, low-cost alternative.
Analysis of the Vacuum Drying Rate for Red Oak in a Hot Water Vacuum Drying System

Red oak boards of 76.2 cm (long) × 7.62 cm (wide) × 2.54 cm (thick) were dried from green moisture content (MC) to 7% MC in the hot water vacuum-drying system. These boards were dried at the pressure of 12 mm Hg and the temperatures ranging from 30 to 50°C within 25 to 70 h. Drying rates were measured and drying curves were calculated. The results showed that the drying rate was higher at higher temperatures. The vacuum drying was faster when wood MC was above 30% than when it was less than 30%. The individual samples did not dry at the same drying rates even at the same drying conditions because of anatomical variations between boards.
Instrumentation for Measuring Continuous Oxygen Consumption of Surgical Patients

A system has been developed for continuously monitoring the oxygen consumption (V02) of surgical patients. A replenishment technique is used whereby the oxygen removed by the patient from a closed rebreathing circuit is replaced. This is accomplished using a feedback-controlled pump to add oxygen at a rate necessary to maintain a constant inspired oxygen percent. A second feedback loop adds nitrous oxide to the circuit at a rate equal to the patient's nitrous oxide uptake rate, thus maintaining a constant circuit volume. These two feedback loops constitute a system to monitor oxygen and nitrous oxide uptake during nitrous oxide anesthesia. The instrument responds to a step change in V02 in 4 min. System accuracy has been shown to be ±6% in an in vivo comparison, the major error resulting from oxygen sensor or electronics dnift, leaks in the system, or changes in residual volume. The record of a surgical patient's VO2 while under balanced anesthesia shows a practical application of the system.
Specific antigen—la activation of transfected human T cells expressing murine Ti αβ —human T3 receptor complexes

The genes encoding the α and β chains of the T-cell receptor (Ti) of an antigen-specific, Ia-restricted murine T-cell hybridoma were introduced into T3-positive or T3-negative human T cells. The resultant transfectants express either mouse-human or mouse-mouse Ti αβ molecules functionally associated with the human T3 complex. Only the complete murine Ti aft dimer mediates specific functional corecognition of the appropriate antigen-la pair.
A Comprehensive Text on Cancer Pain

issues. The third section of the book nicely outlines several screening and assessment tools and questions that clinicians can select from to incorporate into their practice. Opioids are often underused to manage chronic pain because of physician discomfort rather than patient choice. This book attempts to provide abundant clinically useful information so as to alleviate physician hesitancy, and also to further evidence-based practices for those physicians already practicing pain management. For practitioners dealing with the special populations discussed in this bookdcancer, pediatric, geriatric, and palliativedas well as pain specialists, the book contains many useful sections with clinically applicable medications, dosages, psychological tools, and diagnostic measures. For care providers looking for a more general overview of various available opioids and their particular uses and side effects, the book includes valuable clinical data but this information is not consistently presented in a straightforward, accessible manner.
Use of Arterial Catheters in the Management of Acute Aortic Dissection

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP) monitoring and reaching established aggressive medical management goals in acute aortic dissection. Methods Data were collected through a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with acute aortic syndromes of the thoracic cavity who required transport to tertiary care over a 28-month period. The 2010 American Heart Association medical management goals of thoracic aortic disease were used as hemodynamic end points. Results A total of 208 patients were included, with 113 (54%) diagnosed at least in part with acute Stanford Type A aortic dissections and the remaining 95 (46%) having isolated Stanford Type B dissections. Emergency departments made up 158 (76%) of transfer departments; 129 (62%) patients had IBP catheters placed. The highest mean systolic blood pressures (SBPs) recorded were 165 mm Hg in the IBP group versus 151 mm Hg when noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) cuffs were used ( P P P P Conclusion Patients with IBP catheters were noted to be more aggressively managed with antihypertensive medications, met hemodynamic goals more frequently, and had only 6 minutes longer bedside times. These findings support the placement of IBP catheters by emergency departments and critical care transport (CCT) teams in patients with acute aortic syndromes requiring interfacility transport to definitive care.
Collision-Induced Dissociation in Quadrupole Ion Traps: Application of a Thermal Model to Diatomic Ions

Dissociation of the tantalum oxide cation, a strongly bound diatomic, is simulated for the multiple-collision environment of a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer using a model based on thermal unimolecular reaction theory. The intact diatomic ion is assigned a specific internal temperature at which it undergoes collisional activation and deactivation during a random walk in energy space. Collisional energy transfer is assumed to proceed via independent vibrational and rotational processes, as described by the refined impulse approximation and exponential transition probability, with dissociation occurring when the vibrational energy exceeds the rotational-energy-dependent barrier for dissociation. Processing the data from many such random walks yields the simulated dissociation kinetics and time-dependent internal energy distribution of an ion population at the specified internal temperature. Comparison of experimental dissociation rates with those obtained via simulations performed over a series of temperatures enables prediction of internal temperatures and corresponding internal energy distributions for tantalum oxide ion populations undergoing resonance excitation. Although the simulations indicate that rotational-energy transfer can lead to significantly higher dissociation rates than those associated with purely vibrational-energy transfer, the results obtained in this study suggest that ion internal temperatures in the tens of thousands of degrees are required nonetheless to dissociate amore » strongly bound diatomic ion such as tantalum oxide, and the experimental data demonstrate that resonance excitation in a quadrupole ion trap can achieve the necessary temperatures.« less
Interpersonal Influences in Large Lecture-Based Classes: A Socioinstructional Perspective

Abstract. The present research examines whether an interpersonal environment may exist in classrooms that are notoriously impersonal: large lecture-based freshman-level general psychology classes. The artificial categorization of teaching and learning styles, and the limits of those categories, is also addressed. Students evaluated the style of teaching in the classroom, their individual style of learning, and their overall appraisal of the class. Students' perception of an interpersonal fit between themselves and the instructor seems to be most important for effectiveness in student learning. These results are discussed in the context of extending socioinstructional theories of instruction.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows Using Spectral Methods

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is the most accurate method of solving turbulence in ∞uids. In DNS the Navier-Stokes equations are solved on a flne mesh to resolve all the spatial and temporal scales present in the ∞ow. In order to ensure high accuracy of the discrete solution, schemes with low numerical errors are necessary. Spectral methods with their low dissipation and dispersion errors are very attractive in this regard. Since their inception in early 1970’s, spectral methods have been routinely applied towards direct simulation of turbulent ∞ows. Some of the earliest applications were in isotropic turbulence using Fourier series based methods. As the community turned its attention to solving practical ∞ows, the need for schemes that are e‐cient in handling complex geometries arose. This led to the development of spectral element methods. In this paper, we describe the application of a semi-structured spectral element method for direct simulation of compressible, wall bounded turbulent ∞ows. A brief outline of the method is flrst presented. Then we review some of the results for turbulent channel ∞ow and ∞ow over a backward-facing step. The accuracy of the technique is established by comparing our simulation results with experiment and a previous DNS study.
Epithelial cell shedding in acute renal injury.

1. To address the postulate that sublethally injured tubular cells may be shed from renal epithelium while still viable, studies were undertaken in vivo in human ‘acute tubular necrosis’ and in rabbit models of renal tubular injury. 2. Substantial numbers of viable tubular cells were voided in the urine. When placed in culture, these cells gave rise to monolayers, confirming viability. The majority of intact cells demonstrated markers of proximal tubule. 3. In vitro studies of human renal proximal tubular cells exposed to hypoxia/anoxia showed rounding and retraction associated with disruption of actin microfilaments. Phalloidin stabilized the filaments and prevented the changes in cell shape indicative of altered adherence. Presented at the Experimental Biology Symposium on the Role of Integrins in Acute Renal Failure, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 1997.
ON DETECTION OF IMPROPER SOLUTIONS IN FACTOR ANALYSIS BY THE EM ALGORITHM

Adachi (2013) showed that the EM algorithm for maximum likelihood (ML) factor analysis always gives a proper solution if positive unique variances are used as the initial values. This means EM has an advantage of always avoiding any improper solutions. However, it also creates a potential problem of not being able to detect an improper solution. To mend this disadvantage, we monitored the convergence process of the EM algorithm. We found that (i) the convergence rates for improper solutions were much slower than for proper solutions; (ii) the reciprocal of unique variance estimate responsible for an improper solution showed nearly perfect linear relationship with iteration numbers; (iii) for improper solutions, the maximum absolute changes (MAC) of unique variances raised to the power of −0.5 showed nearly perfect linear relationship with iteration numbers; (iv) for proper solutions, MAC of unique variances raised to the power of −(0.5)6 showed nearly perfect linear relationship with iteration numbers; (v) when the solution was proper, the ratio of two adjacent MAC of unique variances reached some constant value, whereas when the solution was improper, we did not find such a constant.
Adult choice of toys affects children's prosocial and antisocial behavior

The effect of short‐term exposure of neutral, prosocial, and antisocial toys on the prosocial and antisocial behavior of preschool children was studied during free play. The results indicated that prosocial toys elicit prosocial behavior and antisocial toys stimulate antisocial behavior. In response to both prosocial and antisocial toys, boys displayed more physical than verbal behavior while girls displayed more verbal than physical behavior. The increase in prosocial and antisocial behavior diminished when respective prosocial and antisocial toys were withdrawn. When prosocial and antisocial toys were withdrawn and neutral toys were reintroduced, the prosocial and antisocial behavior returned to the baseline level that was recorded in the beginning of the experiment. The extent to which prosocial and antisocial behavior is retained over time needs further investigation.
Role of surface and base structure in the perception of sentences

The Ss in this study listened to groups of ten syntactically homogeneous sentences mixed with white noise. An anomalous test sentence followed each group of ten. Perception scores for the test sentences showed that changes in both surface structure and base structure can significantly disrupt perception. Changes in surface structure have the stronger effect. These findings provide evidence for the psychological reality of some abstract properties of stimuli.
Cumulative Childhood Adversity, Educational Attainment, and Active Life Expectancy Among U.S. Adults

Studies of the early-life origins of adult physical functioning and mortality have found that childhood health and socioeconomic context are important predictors, often irrespective of adult experiences. However, these studies have generally assessed functioning and mortality as distinct processes and used cross-sectional prevalence estimates that neglect the interplay of disability incidence, recovery, and mortality. Here, we examine whether early-life disadvantages both shorten lives and increase the number and fraction of years lived with functional impairment. We also examine the degree to which educational attainment mediates and moderates the health consequences of early-life disadvantages. Using the 1998–2008 Health and Retirement Study, we examine these questions for non-Hispanic whites and blacks aged 50–100 years using multistate life tables. Within levels of educational attainment, adults from disadvantaged childhoods lived fewer total and active years, and spent a greater portion of life impaired compared with adults from advantaged childhoods. Higher levels of education did not ameliorate the health consequences of disadvantaged childhoods. However, because education had a larger impact on health than did childhood socioeconomic context, adults from disadvantaged childhoods who achieved high education levels often had total and active life expectancies that were similar to or better than those of adults from advantaged childhoods who achieved low education levels.
Natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome discovered in infancy.

Abstract The prognosis of 20 infants with a diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome under 1 year of age is presented. Children were followed up from 1 to 19 years (mean 9 years). Seven patients had associated congenital heart disease. Analysis of the associated arrhythmias revealed episodes of supraventricular tachycardia in 18 (90 percent). During paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia the QRS complex was normal in seven and wide in nine children. Categorizing patients into groups according to the width of the QRS complex and the presence or absence of a delta wave during tachycardia helps in understanding and planning therapy. Eighteen patients had a stable or improved course with growth but two patients with tetralogy of Fallot died postoperatively with resistant supraventricular tachycardia. The high prevalence rate of supraventricular tachycardia during infancy which later decreases or disappears could be explained by the different electrophysiologic responses between normal and accessory pathways during the fast heart rate characteristic of this young age. Invasive electrophysiologic studies are indicated in children older than 1 year of age who remain symptomatic and in all children being conconsidered for cardiac surgery regardless of the effectiveness of the preoperatlve therapy.
Biophysical characterization of anionic lipoplexes

Abstract Transfection efficiency of liposomal gene delivery vectors depends on an optimal balance in the electro-chemical and structural properties of the transfection-capable complexes. We have recently reported a novel anionic lipoplex DNA delivery system composed of a ternary complex of endogenous occurring non-toxic anionic lipids, physiological Ca2+ cations, and plasmid DNA encoding a gene of interest with high transfection efficiency and low toxicity. In this work, we investigate the electro-chemical and structural properties anionic lipoplexes and compare them with those of Ca2+–DNA complexes. Biophysical characterization is used to explain the transfection efficiency of anionic lipoplexes in mammalian CHO-K1 cells. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the plasmid DNA underwent conformational transition from native B-DNA to Z-DNA due to compaction and condensation upon Ca2+-mediated complexation with anionic liposomes. Zeta potential measurements and gel electrophoresis studies demonstrated that Ca2+ interaction with plasmid DNA during the formation of lipoplexes also led to increased association of supercoiled plasmid DNA with the lipoplexes, leading to charge neutralization which is expected to facilitate transfection. However, even 10-fold higher concentrations of Ca2+ alone (in the absence of the anionic liposomes) were unable to induce these changes in plasmid DNA molecules. A model explaining the possible mechanism of anionic lipoplex formation and the correlation of high transfection efficiency to biophysical properties was proposed. These studies confirm the utility of biophysical studies to identify optimal formulation conditions to design efficient liposomal gene delivery vectors.
Observability methods and optimal meter placement

Abstract The paper presents observability methods and how to select measurements for electric power networks. The background to observability algorithms is discussed and observability concepts and definitions are given. Sections are devoted to a linearized network model, numerical observability determination, topological observability determination, pseudo-measurements and observable islands and optimal meter placement.
Diagnosis and Management of Sexually Transmitted Disease Pathogens Among Adolescents

1. Gale R. Burstein, MD, MPH* 2. Pamela J. Murray, MD, MPH† 1. *Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 2. †Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. List the possible clinical presentations and sequelae of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in males and females. 2. Describe the various types of licensed N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis laboratory tests as well as their advantages and disadvantages. 3. List the Amsel criteria and available laboratory tests for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. 4. Describe the various treatments for vulvovaginal candidiasis. 5. Describe patient, partner, and practitioner barriers to implementing effective partner notification. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have been labeled a “hidden epidemic” among adolescents, with adolescent females experiencing some of the highest rates of most STDs. Most adolescent STDs, regardless of pathogen, are asymptomatic. A primary care visit presents the perfect window of opportunity to screen for STDs. Clinical preventive care guidelines, such as the Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS), Bright Futures, and the American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care, recommend screening adolescents for sexual risk behaviors and offering STD diagnostic tests to all sexually active adolescents. The National Committee for Quality Assurance adopted chlamydia screening of sexually active females ages 15 to 25 years as a new Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measure for managed care organizations in 2000. New nucleic acid amplification diagnostic technology allows for a widening scope of STD screening without performing an invasive genital examination. This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical presentation of common curable STDs acquired by adolescents and provides information on new diagnostic technologies and treatments for these STDs. Screening and treating STDs can be offered readily as part of routine adolescent health services. ### Epidemiology Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the sexually transmitted genital pathogens reported most commonly among adolescents. Both infections frequently are asymptomatic in males and females. A large multisite, randomized, controlled trial found …
Efficient performance estimation for general real-time task systems

The paper presents a novel approach to compute tight upper bounds on the processor utilization independent of the implementation for general real-time systems where tasks are composed of subtasks and precedence constraints may exist among subtasks of the same task. We formulate the problem as a set of linear programming (LP) problems. Observations are made to reduce the number of LP problem instances required to be solved, which greatly improves the computation time of the utilization bounds. Furthermore, additional constraints are allowed to be included under certain circumstances to improve the quality of the bounds.
CD134-Allodepletion Allows Selective Elimination of Alloreactive Human T Cells without Loss of Virus-Specific and Leukemia-Specific Effectors

Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a frequent and severe complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). One approach to reducing alloreactivity is to deplete the graft of alloreactive T cells. Global T cell depletion results in poor immune reconstitution with high mortality from viral infections and disease relapse. Therefore, an approach to selectively deplete alloreactive T cells without compromising other responses would be highly beneficial. We undertook studies to identify an inducible activation marker expressed on alloreactive effector T cells following culture with HLA-mismatched allostimulators. Compared to other markers, CD134 was superior because of its negative baseline expression and rapid upregulation after activation. Depletion of CD134+ cells from responder populations dramatically reduced specific alloreactivity as determined by reduction of helper T cell precursor frequencies below the threshold predicting development of clinical GVHD while retaining responses to third-party alloantigens. CD134-allodepleted populations retained effectors specific for the Wilms' tumor (WT1) leukemia antigen as determined by WT1 specific pentamers, and CMV-specific effectors as determined by CMV-specific pentamers and CMV-specific ELISpot. Thus, use of CD134-allodepleted grafts may improve allogeneic SCT by reducing GVHD without loss of pathogen-specific and leukemia-specific immunity.
Isolation of monoclonal antibodies to phencyclidine from ascites fluid by preparative isoelectric focusing in the Rotofor

A monoclonal antibody to phencyclidine was developed, produced in mouse ascites fluid, and purified. The purification used only preparative-scale isoelectric focusing in the Rotofor and dialysis. In 4 h, 25% (4 mg) of the antibody from 10 ml of ascites fluid was purified to homogeneity while 63% of the total antibody was recovered.
Strontium:calcium concentration ratios in otoliths of herring larvae as indicators of environmental histories

Elemental analyses, using wave-length dispersive electron microprobe techniques on otoliths from reared Atlantic herring larvae, Clupea harengus, showed trace quantities of strontium relative to that of calcium, and an inverse relationship between Sr/Ca concentration ratios and rearing temperature. These data are consistent with those for coral aragonite, in that there appears to be an inverse temperature effect on physiological incorporation of strontium in the otolith aragonite. Our determinations of Sr/Ca concentration ratios of lab-reared herring larvae showed that the deposition of strontium relative to calcium and the rearing temperature were related, where: T (° C) = −2.955 [Sr/Ca] × 1000 ± 19.172. This principle thus makes it possible to use Sr/Ca concentration ratios in fish otoliths to delineate past temperatures experienced by an individual. Further, combining electron microprobe analyses with scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations of daily increments in the same otolith makes it possible to reconstruct the temperature history for an individual fish on a time scale of days. An example of the application of the technique to an approximately six-month-old field-caught herring larva is given, and the limitations of the technique are discussed.
New Directions in English for Specific Purposes Research edited by BELCHER, DIANE, ANN M. JOHNS, & BRIAN PALTRIDGE

The article reviews the book "New Directions in English for Specific Purposes Research," edited by Diane Belcher, Ann M. Johns, and Brian Paltridge.
Responses of Somatotropin, Insulin, Prolactin, and Thyroxine to Selection for Milk Yield in Holsteins,

Abstract The objective was to determine the effects of selection for milk yield in Holsteins on blood plasma concentrations of somatotropin, prolactin, insulin, and thyroxine. Two genetic groups, one selected since 1964 for milk yield and one an unselected control, were used for this purpose and averaged 9878 and 7402kg milk, respectively. All cows initiating normal lactations between August 1983 and August 1984 (29 selection and 23 control) were blood sampled at 42 and 161 d postpartum. On these days, three blood samples were taken at 3.5-h intervals from each cow via jugular venipuncture for radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed as split-plots with repeated measures. Whole plot effects included genetic group, season of sampling, and parity. Subplot effects included stage of lactation and sample number within day. Somatotropin concentration increased, insulin concentration decreased, and prolactin and thyroxine concentrations remained unchanged with selection for milk yield. Thyroxine and insulin concentrations tended to decrease with age. Somatotropin concentrations decreased from peak to midlactation, whereas insulin and thyroxine concentrations increased.
Lymphocyte Count Above 300 X 106/Ml 90 Days Post Transplant Predicts Better Overall Survival After Alemtuzumab for Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 19 (2013) S194eS210 S199 impact of ALC 30 on the incidence of transplant outcomes listed in the table below. All analyses were adjusted for donor/recipient age, sex, CMV status, HLA mismatch, CD34+ cells, regimen intensity and relapse risk. There were 191 pts in the sibling donor (SD) group and 190 pts in the unrelated donor (UD) group respectively. The median age of pts and donors in the SD group was older (P 400x 106 (75 vs. 65% P 1⁄4 .025) and more pts survived (47 vs.36%P 1⁄4 .038) in the SD group. Factors associated with lower ALC 30 were: higher donor age, HLA mismatch, lower recipient age, and lower CD34 cell dose. Lower ALC 30 ( 400x 106/L) was associated with lower OS, and increased non relapse mortality (NRM) for the whole cohort as well as for the SD and UD groups separately. Lower ALC 30 was associated with more severe aGVHD (III-IV) in the UD group. Lower ALC 30 was associated with more CMV reactivation and a trend towards more aGVHD in the SD group. Conclusion: In this large retrospective study using Tac/MMF for GVHD prophylaxis ALC 30 400 x 106/L was associated with worse OS, increased NRM and aGVHD. Hazard Ratios of ALC 30 with various event outcomes Combined Related Unrelated