cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Children's use of sequence information in partially predictable reaction-time sequences☆

Abstract Second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children and adults performed a four-choice reaction time task with partially predictable sequences and 250-, 500-, and 750-msec response-to-stimulus intervals. The relative advantage for in-sequence as opposed to out-of-sequence events was independent of the response-to-stimulus interval for all ages. Children, but not adults, were slower for nonrepeated than repeated out-of sequence events and this advantage for repeated signals decreased as age increased. A second experiment extended the range of intervals tested to zero. Second graders and adults responded to four-choice partially predictable sequences with 0-, 250-, and 500-msec response-to-stimulus intervals. As in the first experiment, the difference between in-sequence and out-of-sequence events did not vary with the response-to-stimulus interval. The results suggest that both children and adults are able to process advance sequence probability information about a subsequent event in parallel with an ongoing response.
Cultural-Historical Activity Theory: Exploring a Theory to Inform Practice and Research

Cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) is one of several practice-based approaches that provide a robust framework for analyzing professional work practices, including social service provision (Julkunen, 2011, 2013). By offering a multi-dimensional, systemic approach that includes both psychological motives and all kinds of tools, as well as the always-present dynamics of power, money, culture, and history, CHAT enables researchers to analyze complex and evolving professional practices and practitioners to engage in reflective research. This article provides an overview of CHAT as a framework for practice-based research in social work.
Trisomy 8 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in a case of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that comprises about 3-10% of all sarcomas. Reports of cytogenetic studies of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma are limited and no consistent cytogenetic abnormality has surfaced. Some mesenchymal chondrosarcomas have a t(11;22) translocation suggesting a relationship with the PNET/Ewing tumor family. We report what to our knowledge is the first case of trisomy 8 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality in a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of Mo–W–S–Se Film Sliding Contact Obtained by Using Focused Ion Beam Microscope and In Situ Microtribometer

To better understand the fundamentals of solid lubrication, microstructural analyses on the wear scar surface and contact interface of Mo–W–S–Se composite films produced by pulsed laser deposition were completed. Focused ion beam (FIB), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to study the cross-sectional microstructure and chemistry of wear scars. In particular, a novel microtribometer was built for in situ tribological measurements within a FIB microscope. The sliding tip was welded in contact to the wear scar surface on the film under load by re-deposition of sputtering materials from the FIB cut of the tip. Using this technique, cross-sectional TEM specimens were prepared precisely at the contact point without tip/film separation. Here, the in situ FIB microtribometer is critically important for retaining the microstructure of lubricant films as formed at the sliding contact interface between the tip and film without separation. It provides the unique ability to stop sliding, section the contact, and reveal microstructural changes to that contact without disrupting the sliding interface. The cross-sectional TEM measurements were performed on the sliding contact interface for both the regions in contact and just past contact, and both the reorientation and recrystallization of lubricant films were revealed.
An analysis for the charge and point proton distribution of3He with minimal systematic error

The charge and point proton distribution for3He, ϱc(r) and ϱp(r), respectively, are analysed from the experimentally determined form factor for elastic electron scattering. In contrast to all previous analyses of ϱc(r) and ϱp(r) a quantitative estimate of the error introduced by the analysis itself is given and is shown to be small. No central depression in the point proton distribution is found.
The effect of gamma hydroxybutyrate on serum osmolality.

To the Editor:Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a central nervous system depressant found endogenously in the brain at micromolar concentrations [1]. It is also an increasingly popular drug of abuse. ...
Meson spectrum in the quark model with a phenomenological potential

The masses of mesons are calculated under the assumption that a meson is a bound state of a quark-antiquark pair interacting via a phenomenological potential. The form of the potential, which contains a Coulomb-type term, a linear confining term, plus spin-orbit, tensor, spin-spin, and other terms, is suggested by gauge field theory, but the magnitudes of the terms are determined by a phenomenological fit to the data. Predictions are given for the masses of as yet unseen mesons.
Effect of irradiation growth on the creep of uranium under a uniaxial load

Abstract Theories are developed from two different assumptions to calculate the effect of irradiation growth on the creep of uranium under a uniaxial applied stress when the temperature is sufficiently high for the internal stresses set up by the differential expansions of the individual crystals to be insufficient of themselves to cause plastic flow. It is shown that the greater the irradiation growth the greater is the creep rate for a given stress; the effect on creep rate is also greater at lower applied stresses for a given irradiation growth.
Direct versus terminal freight routing on a network with concave costs

Abstract This paper develops a procedure for deciding whether to route a shipment through an intermediate transportation terminal or route it directly to its destination. The procedure applies to networks with many origins (e.g. 2000) and few destinations (e.g. 20, or vice versa), where each origin is served by exactly one terminal. This decision is difficult because of economies-to-scale in transportation, which cause the cost of routing a shipment through a terminal to depend on the routes chosen for other shipments. The optimization procedure developed here finds the optimal routes graphically with a one-dimensional search, and is sufficiently efficient to be programmed on a hand calculator or personal computer. The procedure also provides insights as to the sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in model parameters.
Morphologic Evaluation of Descemet's Membrane and Corneal Endothelium in Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormally thickened basement membranes throughout the body and the eye. In addition, abnormal corneal endothelial cell morphology has been found in eyes of diabetics. The authors examined Descemet's membrane (the basement of the corneal endothelium) and the endothelial cells in 19 diabetic corneas and 19 age-matched nondiabetic normal corneas in a masked fashion by transmission electron microscopy and specular microscopy. No statistically significant quantitative or qualitative differences were found between the two groups.
Sex differences in genetic mechanisms for mammalian brain and behavior

There are sex specific genetic mechanisms for mammalian brain and behavior. These are genes that act differently in each sex. They may underlie either similarities or differences in brain and behavior of males and females. Some of these genes are autosomal. Others are located on the non-recombining part of the Y chromosome. Genes on this region of the Y chromosome may contribute to sex differences in brain and behavior in three ways. First, a gene may be on the Y chromosome and not on any other chromosome. Thus, it acts only in males. Sex-determining region on the Y chromosome (Sry) is such a gene. Second, there may be different isoforms of proteins coded for by the gene on the Y chromosome and by its homologue located elsewhere in the genome. Such a gene is Smcy which codes for an H-Y antigen. Smcx is its X-chromosomal homologue. Third, there may be different protein levels in males and females for a gene located on the X and Y chromosomes. Zfy and Zfx, for the zinc finger proteins on the Y and on the X, are a pair of such genes. Due to X inactivation in females, one copy of Zfx is expressed in all tissues of female mice, whereas two copies, one of Zfx and one of Zfy, are expressed in many tissues of male mice. Biomedical Reviews 1997; 7: 85-90.
Graphical representation of redistribution equilibria

Abstract Computer calculated and computer plotted graphs are presented showing the distribution of all products in a redistribution equilibrium as a function of the over-all composition of the mixture for a wide range of equilibrium contstants. These curves permit a rapid estimation of the equilibrium concentration of redistribution products for any over-all compositon of the system when the equilibrium constantsl are given.
Osmoregulation in Cotton in Response to Water Stress : III. Effects of Phosphorus Fertility.

Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) (L.) was grown in a sand and nutrient solution system at two levels of phosphorus (0.5 and 5.0 millimolar). Within each phosphorus treatment, plants were either watered daily or acclimated to water stress by subjection to several water stress cycles. Stress acclimation increased leaf starch at the low phosphorus level, but not at the high phosphorus level. High phosphorus increased leaf sucrose and glucose concentration in both acclimated and nonacclimated plants, but had little effect on osmotic adjustment or the relationship between turgor and water potential. In nonacclimated plants, high phosphorus increased both leaf conductance and photosynthesis at high water potentials. In acclimated plants, high phosphorus increased photosynthesis but decreased conductance, thus increasing water use efficiency at the single leaf level.
Toward a Critical Perspective of Culture: Contrast or Compare Rhetorics:

Kaplan's framework of contrastive rhetoric has been widely accepted in the field of cross-cultural technical communication. However, in the last four decades, contextual factors such as economic gl...
A comparison of dorsal column nuclei and spinal afferents in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europeaus)

Abstract Lesions were made in the dorsal column nuclei of 19 hedgehogs, Erinaceus curopaeus . Lateral cervical hemisections (dorsal, lateral, and ventral funiculi on one side) were performed in an additional six. Nauta and Fink-Heimer staining techniques were utilized to follow fiber and terminal bouton degeneration. The dorsal column nuclei were found to have connections with the inferior olive, mesencephalic reticular formation, external nucleus of the inferior colliculus, medial pretectal nucleus, zona incerta, ventral nucleus of the lateral geniculate body, ventroposterior nucleus, and posterior complex of the thalamus. The spinal hemisections resulted in heavy degeneration in brain stem and mesencephalon but little in the thalamus. The impressively heavy termination of dorsal column fibers in PO, when contrasted with the meager projection of the rest of the cord, suggests that the VP-PO complex developed under the influence of the dorsal columns.
Vitalizing Dance Legacy Through the Use of Labanotation as a Staging Tool

In the 21st century, carrying dance legacy forward and exploring it to provide depth and understanding of the continuum of dance helps ensure that our current and future practice has a scaffold on which to grow and thrive. This article begins by exploring the importance of staging dances from the past to keep dance legacy alive as well as the unique benefits of employing Labanotation as a tool. This discussion is followed by a description of the process of staging a dance from Labanotation from the director's perspective with the specific examples of the author's stagings of Donald McKayle's Games (1951) and Helen Tamiris's Negro Spirituals (1928–1942) at Montclair State University.
TIE1 and TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinases inversely regulate embryonic angiogenesis by the mechanism of intussusceptive microvascular growth

As shown previously, TIE1 and TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinases are specifically expressed in endothelial cells during embryonic angiogenesis. A detailed analysis of the vascular malformations of homozygous mice for a targeting mutation of both receptors was performed at the histological and cellular level. The data demonstrate that the TIE1 and TIE2 receptor inversely and concomitantly mediate interactions between endothelial cells with their extracellular matrix and with surrounding mesenchymal cells. These interactions are obviously crucial for normal endothelial cell motility and/or attachment and also for recruitment of periendothelial cells. The analysis of the TIE2-deficient embryos demonstrates how these cell/cell- and cell/matrix interactions subsequently influence the formation of normally structured tissue folds that divide the vessel lumen. They are also essential for the formation of vessel loops that compose a new vascular network and for the development of the ventricle in the heart. Fold and loop formation follow the principles of intussusceptive microvascular growth. The localization of the cardiovascular malformations corresponds to the temporal and spatial expression pattern of the TIE2 receptor. Angiopoietin-1, a ligand that activates the TIE2 receptor, is expressed in mesenchymal cells surrounding the endothelium. This local relationship is indicative of a paracrine regulation.
Analytical spectroscopic tools for high-throughput screening of combinatorial materials libraries

This paper summarizes our recent activities to develop analytical spectroscopic tools for high-throughput screening of combinatorial materials libraries and the adaptation of the developed techniques for measurements on more traditional scales. The development strategies are presented, followed by the review of requirements for monitoring of chemical reactions in combinatorial and scaled-up reactors. Examples are provided to detail development of multivariate data-analysis methods for prediction of properties of combinatorial materials, determination of contributing factors to combinatorial-scale chemical reactions, and high-throughput optimization of process parameters.
PREFERENCE AND SENSITIVITY TO SALT TASTE AS DETERMINANTS OF SALT-INTAKE

Total salt-intake was estimated in 33 normal subjects using urinary sodium excretion over 7 days, and table and cooking salt use were measured over the same period. Sensitivity to salt taste was measured for 31 of these subjects using a seven-category rating scale for intensity of saltiness with five concentrations of salt in water, bread and mashed potato. Preferences were assessed using a nine-category hedonic rating scale with the bread and mashed potato to determine the maximally-preferred concentration. No differences were found in the taste measures between subjects divided into high and low intake in terms of total salt-intake or total intake divided by body weight. However, differences were found in sensitivity and preferences between groups divided into high and low table salt use. This may be because the major proportion of total salt-intake arose from salt present in foods and this would not be so open to voluntary control as table salt use.
Generating better concept hierarchies using automatic document classification

This paper presents a hybrid concept hierarchy development technique for web returned documents retrieved by a meta-search engine. The aim of the technique is to separate the initial retrieved documents into topical oriented categories, prior to the actual concept hierarchy generation. The topical categories correspond to different semantic aspects of the query. This is done using a 1-of-n automatic document classification, on the initial set of returned documents. Then, an individual topical concept hierarchy is automatically generated inside each of the resulted categories. Both steps are executed on the fly at retrieval time. Due to the efficiency constraints imposed by the web retrieval context, the algorithm only uses document snippets (rather than full web pages) for both document classification and concept hierarchy generation. Experimental results show that the algorithm is able to improve the quality of the concept hierarchy presented to the searcher; at the same time, the efficiency parameters are kept within reasonable intervals.
New mechanistic insights from structural studies of the oxygen-sensing domain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum FixL.

The FixL heme domain serves as the dioxygen switch in the FixL/FixJ two-component system of Rhizobia. Recent structural studies of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum FixL heme domain (BjFixLH) have suggested an allosteric mechanism that is distinct from the classical hemoglobin model. To gain further insight into the FixL sensing mechanism, structures of BjFixLH bound to dioxygen, imidazole, and nitric oxide have been determined. These structures, particularly the structure of BjFixLH bound to its physiological ligand, dioxygen, have helped to address a number of important issues relevant to the BjFixLH sensing mechanism. On the basis of the oxy-BjFixLH structure, a conserved arginine is found to stabilize the dioxygen ligand in a mode reminiscent of the distal histidine in classical myoglobins and hemoglobins. The structure of BjFixLH bound to imidazole elucidates the structural requirements for accommodating sterically bulky ligands. Finally, the structure of BjFixLH bound to nitric oxide provides evidence fo...
Weapons used by juveniles and adult offenders in sexual homicides: An empirical analysis of 29 years of US data

Most studies of sexual murderers consist of small samples made up of primarily adult offenders. Accordingly, little is known about similarities and differences between juvenile (under 18) and adult (over 18) sexual murderers. This article is the first to utilise a large sample (n = 3845) that spans almost three decades (1976–2004) of Supplemental Homicide Reports data to analyse juvenile (n = 452) and adult (n = 3393) sexual murderers, particularly in terms of weapons used to kill different victim types. This study underscores the importance of analyses of specific types of murderers. In comparison with homicide arrestees, those arrested for sexual murder were more likely to be male, less likely to be black, and about as likely to be under 18. Consistent with previous literature, sexual murderers in this study were more likely to use personal and close contact weapons than firearms and other more distant methods of killing. Several significant differences emerged in weapons selected to kill different victim types between juvenile and adult offenders. Findings with respect to weapon selection by offender age groups are consistent with Heide's physical strength hypothesis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamical stability of untwisted scroll rings in excitable media

Abstract We report numerical simulations of the dynamical behavior of three-dimensional untwisted scroll rings, for three different models of excitable media. The computations reveal, for the first time, the existence of a stable, steadily rotating (non-drifting as well as non-expanding/shrinking) scroll wave near a wall. Expansion of the scroll ring is observed for different choices of kinetic models, along with contraction and drift. Numerical calculations also indicate aperiodic or meandering movement of the three-dimensional scroll ring near the wall. Contrary to earlier observations some scroll rings do not drift noticeably at any value of the diffusion coefficient of the recovery variable.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE MOLECULAR GENETICS LABORATORY TO THE EVALUATION OF THE PERSISTENTLY HYPOTONIC INFANT. † 872

Pediatricians may be requested to elucidate the cause of nonspecific persistent generalized infantile hypotonia. Among the many causes in the differential diagnosis of a floppy baby are several familiar genetic diseases that can present with generalized hypotonia in the newborn period. Testing for these disorders, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), myotonic dystrophy (DM) and Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), now requires only a small amount of peripheral blood, and positive results are diagnostic for that disease. The tests for SMA, DM, and recently PWS are done by DNA analysis to look for gene deletions(SMA), expansions (DM), or the absence of the paternal copy of chromosome 15(PWS). Previous analysis for PWS, including this study, has been done by chromosome fluorescence in-situ hybridization to look for deletions in the PWS region of chromosome 15. This technique can detect approximately 70% of those with PWS. Screening of 35 persistently hypotonic children for one or more of these three disorders revealed 7 positive results, 2 with DM, 1 with SMA and 4 with PWS, for a detection rate of 20%. In addition, in 8 of 8 cases in which a clinical diagnosis of SMA had been made, DNA analysis was used to confirm the diagnosis, aid in interpretation of prenatal results in subsequent pregnancies, or provide a conclusive diagnosis, without the need for a muscle biopsy. Positive findings for one of these genetic diseases can provide valuable information regarding clinical management and prognosis of the child, allow specific prenatal testing in future pregnancies and could lead to the identification of other at-risk relatives. Twenty per cent of hypotonic infants were found with one of these three genetic disorders, illustrating the significance of considering this panel of diseases in an infant presenting for genetic evaluation with nonspecific hypotonia.
PERSONS WHO MOST IMPRESS GIFTED YOUTH: A REPLICATION '

A replication of a study of the persons who most impressed gifted youth was conducted with 95 students enrolled in a summer residential program for the gifted. Students were asked to indicate the person who most impressed them and to include the reason(s) for choosing that person. The most frequently chosen category of individuals was family members (61.1%), then a tie between persons in the world of arts and culture and persons doing a specific job (8.4%), another tie between comrades and sports stars (6.3%), followed by political or historical figures (4.2%), themselves (3.2%), and moral and religious personalities (2.1%). Consistent with the 1982 study by Karnes and Lee, most impressive to these students were family members and least impressive moral and religious personalities.
Flow control in flexible manufacturing: minimization of stockout cost

SUMMARY A flow control method is presented for a flexible manufacturing cell where the performance criterion is to minimize stockout costs in meeting time-varying demands from downstream cells. The cell operation is constrained by limited buffer space, workstation failures, and varying input rates from upstream cells. An optimization model is solved periodically to determine the required workflow rate and associated flow-control directives. Some computational results are provided and further research issues are discussed.
Self-Management in Hospitality Organizations: a Conceptual Analysis

The concept of self-management and its potential for controlling behavior organization costs is discussed within the context of hospitality organizations. A model of the self-management process is ...
The One-Dimensional Optimum Hydrodynamic Gas Slider Bearing

Bounded variable methods of the calculus of variations are used to determine the optimum or maximum load capacity hydrodynamic one-dimensional gas slider bearing. A lower bound is placed on the minimum film thickness in order to keep the load finite, and also to satisfy the boundary conditions. Using the Weierstrass-Erdmann corner conditions and the Weierstrass E-function it is found that the optimum gas slider bearing is stepped with a convergent leading section and a uniform thickness trailing section. The step location and the leading section film thickness depend upon the bearing number and compression process considered. It is also shown that the bearing contains one and only one step. The difference in the load capacity and maximum film pressure between the isothermal and adiabatic cases increases with increasing bearing number.
Ab initio potential energy curves and binding energies of Ar2 and Mg2

The van der Waals interaction potentials of the argon and magnesium dimers are calculated by the complete fourth-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP4) with a large basis set incorporated with midbond functions. Preliminary calculations are carried out to test the saturation and stability of the midbond functions with respect to the change in size and position of the midbond function set. It is found that as midbond functions are gradually added to a moderately polarized basis set the calculated interaction energy converges quickly and is highly insensitive to the displacement of midbond functions. Midbond functions are confirmed to reproduce the intersystem correlation energy achieved traditionally by nucleus-centred polarization functions, especially by diffuse polarization functions. The calculated interaction potentials of the two dimers are in good agreement with experiment. For Ar2 the calculation recovers over 92% of the experimental well depth and predicts an equilibrium internuclear dista...
The properties of mammalian striated myofibrils isolated by an enzymatic method.

A new method for the isolation of large numbers of individual myofibrils from fresh mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscle has been described. Purification of isolated myofibrils was accomplished by differential centrifugation of fresh frozen sections of muscle which had been mechanically agitated after exposure for 30 to 45 minutes at 0°C. to the action of a dilute solution of trypsin in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 7.0 and an ionic strength of 0.25. Isolated skeletal myofibrils of the rabbit and man have similar constant solubility properties. They dissolve in an aqueous mixture of 0.5 N potassium chloride and 0.03 N sodium bicarbonate, giving viscous solutions which exhibit conspicuous birefringence of flow. They are soluble in buffer solutions (ionic strength 0.15) on the acid side of pH 4 and alkaline side of pH 10. If the ionic strength of potassium phosphate buffer solutions is increased to 0.5 or if the ionic strength of phosphate-borate buffer solutions is increased to a similar value by addition of potassium chloride, the isolated myofibrils become soluble at neutrality. Hence, it is possible, first to isolate the myofibrils and then dissolve them without deviating appreciably from physiologic ranges of pH. The extent to which myofibrils are modified by the conditions imposed by the method of isolation is unknown. There is no significant change in microscopic structure or optical birefringence. Furthermore, there is retention of a form of physiological reactivity, for when the isolated skeletal myofibrils are immersed in solutions of adenosinetriphosphate, they promptly and irreversibly change from elongated fibrils with distinct structural detail into dense spherical masses without recognizable microscopic structure.
PHYSICAL ACCESSIBILITY AS A SOCIAL INDICATOR

Abstract A discussion is presented of the ways in which accessibility to employment and urban services constitute an important measure of the quality of urban living, and how accessibility might, therefore, be included as an important component of a “social report” for a city or region. A conceptual framework is introduced for measuring accessibility in terms of the ease with which citizens may reach a variety of opportunities for employment and services. This framework is interpreted as an approach to evaluating transportation and regional plans which differs from approaches based upon travel volumes and travel times which are currently employed in urban transportation planning and evaluation. The use of the proposed measures of accessibility is illustrated with data on accessibility to employment and health care facilities in Los Angeles, and these data are interpreted to illustrate differences in accessibility as a function of spatial location of residence, and socio-economic status.
GC-MS IDENTIFICATION OF THE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS EXTRACTED FROM ROASTED TURKEYS FED A BASAL DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH TUNA OIL: SOME COMMENTS ON FISHY FLAVOR

This paper reports the GC-MS identification of many of the compounds found in the volatiles of roasted turkeys that had been fed a basal diet supplemented with beef fat or tuna oil (TO) or with TO plus alpha-tocopherol acetate and presents a case for which of these 41 compounds are likely to play a role in fishy flavor.
Sharing the Road [AP-S Turnstile]

Storrs, where the main campus of the University of Connecticut is located, is a small rural community. Yet, as I walk to work from my home, I rarely see bicyclists on the road. I recall once asking a northern-European graduate student why he did not ride his bike to work, and he told me that the bicyclists around here did not feel safe sharing the road with cars (except where there are physically separate bike lanes). Unlike Europe, drivers here often do not “look out” for or slow down for bicyclists. Now, at least, one car company with roots in northern Europe is doing something to address this problem [1].
Tyrosine and serine phosphorylation regulate the conformation and subsequent threonine phosphorylation of the L1 cytoplasmic domain

Previously we identified threonine-1172 (T1172) in the cytoplasmic domain of the cell adhesion molecule L1 as phosphorylated in pancreatic cancer cells. Although both CKII- and PKC-blockade suppressed this modification, only CKII was capable of phosphorylating T1172 of a recombinant L1 cytoplasmic domain, suggesting the requirement for additional events to facilitate availability of T1172 to PKC. In this study, we demonstrate that the region around T1172 exists in distinct conformations based on both T1172 phosphorylation and the integrity of surrounding residues. We further demonstrate the role of membrane-proximal and membrane-distal residues in regulating cytoplasmic domain conformation, and that modification of 3 of the 4 tyrosines in the L1 cytoplasmic domain promote conformational changes that facilitate other events. In particular, phenylalanine-substitution of tyrosine-1151 or tyrosine-1229 promote opening up of the cytoplasmic domain in a manner that facilitates phosphorylation of the other 3 tyrosines, as well as phosphorylation of T1172 by PKCalpha. Importantly, we show that phosphorylation of serine-1181 is required for T1172 phosphorylation by CKII. These data define a specific role for secondary structure in regulating the availability of T1172 that facilitates phosphorylation by PKC.
Emotion classification via utterance-level dynamics: A pattern-based approach to characterizing affective expressions

Human emotion changes continuously and sequentially. This results in dynamics intrinsic to affective communication. One of the goals of automatic emotion recognition research is to computationally represent and analyze these dynamic patterns. In this work, we focus on the global utterance-level dynamics. We are motivated by the hypothesis that global dynamics have emotion-specific variations that can be used to differentiate between emotion classes. Consequently, classification systems that focus on these patterns will be able to make accurate emotional assessments. We quantitatively represent emotion flow within an utterance by estimating short-time affective characteristics. We compare time-series estimates of these characteristics using Dynamic Time Warping, a time-series similarity measure. We demonstrate that this similarity can effectively recognize the affective label of the utterance. The similarity-based pattern modeling outperforms both a feature-based baseline and static modeling. It also provides insight into typical high-level patterns of emotion. We visualize these dynamic patterns and the similarities between the patterns to gain insight into the nature of emotion expression.
Fabrication and characterization of high-efficiency CdTe-based thin-film solar cells on commercial SnO2:F-coated soda-lime glass substrates

Abstract Superstrate CdTe-based thin-film solar cells with conversion efficiencies higher than 15% have been synthesized on commercial SnO 2 :F/SnO 2 -coated soda-lime glass substrates without anti-reflection coating. The n -type CdS window layers were prepared by R.F. sputtering in an ambient containing a small amount of oxygen concentration. CdTe absorber layers were obtained by close-spaced sublimation (CSS). The post deposition CdCl 2 activation was conducted in a dry air ambient. With the application of elemental Cu/Au back contacts, the best small-area CdTe cells (0.08 cm 2 ) have shown an efficiency of 15.5% with an open-circuit voltage of 844 mV, a short-circuit current of 24.0 mA/cm 2 , and a fill-factor of 76.6% measured under an AM1.5 illumination. This efficiency was achieved when a 1% O 2 concentration was used in sputtering ambient during CdS deposition.
Fast packet switching architecture based on time-division multiplexing a photonic space-division fabric

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a fast packet switching architecture based on time-division multiplexing a photonic space-division fabric. Asynchronous time-division multiplexing is applied to a wideband strictly-nonblocking fabric toresolve destination conflicts and queue packets on outputs. High performance is achieved in terms of delay-throughputcharacteristics, packet loss probability and switching overhead parameters. Performance and complexity are evaluatedand results are analyzed. 1. INTRODUCTION Fast switching systems and interconnection networks play a major role in determining the performance of sophisti-cated high-speed distributed systems. Examples are parallel computers, local area networks and broadband telecom- munication networks [1j-[4] .Conventional electrical interconnects and electronic switching systems are being recog-nized as communication bottlenecks resulting in performance limitations. Photonic switching architectures are beingdeveloped to circumvent these limitations[5]-[9].In particular, this paper proposes the application of asynchronous time-division multiplexing (ATDM) to a strictly-nonblocking photonic space-division (SD) fabric. In the proposed switching architecture, denoted as TDM-SD, theswitch fabric operates at a higher bit rate than the I/O ports. The normalized switching bandwidth is defined bythe bit rate ratio of the fabric to that of the line. ATDM effectively utilizes the large available bandwidth throughthe dynamic assignment of the fabric's mini-time slots to the contending source nodes. This is a means to resolvedestination conflicts and queue packets on outputs. The I/O ports employ electro-optic mux/demux packages thatwere demonstrated to support serial bit rates of up to 3.2 Gbps [10]. The knockout principle of [11] is applied to thephotonic space fabric in the time domain, implying feasible line rates of up to 1.6 Gbps.To achieve fast packet switching (JPS), both packet delay and switching overhead must be minimized. Packetdelay is minimized by queueing packets on outputs to avoid head-of-line blocking. A real-time hardware controlalgorithm is given to be used in conjunction with the tree subnetwork-based photonic topologies of {12] and theresulting overhead is evaluated. The performance analysis examines the behavior of buffers at the input and outputstages ofthe switch.Section 2 of this paper provides a description of the TDM-SD FPS architecture and its complexity evaluation.Switching overhead dependence on the offered load and the switch dimension is considered in Section 3. Section 4analyzes the switch performance in terms of its throughput, packet latency and loss probability as functions of theoffered load and the normalized switching bandwidth. Section 5 concludes the paper by a comprehensive discussionof the obtained results.
Direct Fluorescent-Antibody Testing Followed by Culture for Diagnosis of 2009 H1N1 Influenza A

During the 2009 H1N1 influenza A outbreak, 773 children were tested for influenza by direct fluorescent-antibody testing with PCR confirmation. Direct fluorescent-antibody testing has a specificity of 99.6% but a sensitivity of only 65.0%. Physicians should recognize diagnostic limitations of direct fluorescent-antibody testing, which missed one-third of infected individuals.
Bioengineering Methods for Analysis of Cells In Vitro

Efforts in the interdisciplinary field of bioengineering have led to in- novative methods for investigating the complexities of cell responses in vitro. These approaches have emphasized the reduction of complex mul- ticomponent cellular microenvironments into distinct individual signals as a means to both (a) better construct mimics of in vivo microenviron- ments and (b) better deconstruct microenvironments to study them. Microtechnology tools, together with advances in biomaterials, have been fundamental to this progress by enabling the tightly controlled presentation of environmental cues and the improved systematic analy- sis of cellular perturbations. In this review, we describe bioengineering approaches for controlling and measuring cell-environmental interac- tions in vitro, including strategies for high-throughput analysis. We also describe the mechanistic insights gained by the use of these novel tools, with associated applications ranging from fundamental biological studies, in vitro modeling of in vivo processes, and cell-based therapies.
Descriptive characteristics as potential predictors of outcomes following constraint-induced movement therapy for people after stroke

Background and Purpose. Limited evidence exists regarding the characteristics of people who benefit most from constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). This study’s purpose was to investigate 6 potential descriptors in predicting CIMT outcomes. Subjects. The participants were a convenience sample (N=55) of people who were more than 6 months poststroke. Methods. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and the Motor Activity Log amount scale (MALa) were used to assess outcomes for CIMT. The potential predictors (side of stroke, time since stroke, hand dominance, age, sex, and ambulatory status) were entered into a linear regression model using stepwise entry, with simultaneous entry of the dependent variables’ pretest scores as the covariate. Results. Age was the only significant predictor of the 6 potential predictors in the model and was predictive only of MALa scores. None of the independent variables showed a predictive relationship with the WMFT. Discussion and Conclusion. Although age was the only significant predictor, an equally strong finding in this study was that side of stroke, chronicity, hand dominance, sex, and ambulatory status were not found to be predictors at the follow-up session. This finding emphasizes the importance of not excluding people from CIMT based on these predictors. [Fritz SL, Light KE, Clifford SN, et al. Descriptive characteristics as potential predictors of outcomes following constraint-induced movement therapy for people after stroke.
Effects of mating status and age on dispersal behavior in the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae in response to fenvalerate‐treated leaf surfaces

Effects of variation in age and mating status on dispersal of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), from fenvalerate-treated leaf surfaces were investigated. Unmated and mated female mites, 1 to 6 days in age, were scored for walkoff and spindown dispersal response on bean leaves treated with a sub-lethal, residual dose of fenvalerate. Variation in mite age did not have a pronounced effect on dispersal response. Significant differences in dispersal response due to mating type were observed, yet the mean differences in dispersal response between unmated and mated females was generally small. Our data suggest that the current practice of using mated female mites of unknown age when testing for among-population differences in dispersal response, in most cases, provides an adequate estimate of population response when differences among treatments in dispersal response are large. However, when testing for within-population differences in dispersal response, small treatment effects may be more easily measured using a single age class of mites, because this could decrease within-treatment variance.
Real Estate Continuing Education: Rent Seeking or Improvement in Service Quality?

Massachusetts adopted a continuing education component to its licensing requirements for real estate agents in 1999. The Massachusetts Association of Realtors lobbied for this change claiming it would enhance the quality of service for the public. Our regression analysis fails to find any improvement in the quality of service as measured by complaints to the real estate licensing board. We do find that the adoption of continuing education reduced the number of licensed active agents by 39 to 58 percent and increased the income of those who remained by 11 to 17 percent.
Dürer's rhinoceros and what he or she was wearing: Carnations, luxury gardens, identity formation, and urban splendor, 1460-1550

This article examines how images of carnations in the page borders and calendar miniatures of the late medieval devotional books locally produced for Netherlandish civic elites provide an opportunity to examine identity formation and concepts of urban magnificence and splendor. It also considers the role of carnations in discussions and depictions of gardens in a popular medieval Italian estate creation and management book, Piero Crescenzi’s Ruralium Commodorum, that, especially in French translation in Netherlandish illuminated manuscript copies, was a how-to-do-it manual for those seeking to build manor and town houses with gardens befitting their status. Thus, both depictions of the potted plant in art and scenes of the carnation in a garden setting were intended to project the owners’ flower connoisseurship and their splendor and civic magnificence. Further, the makers (in most cases artisan fellow townsmen of the commissioners) of these miniatures and borders projected for the books’ patrons luxury a...
The effects of finite sampling in spin-echo or field-echo magnetic resonance imaging.

The artifacts associated with finite sampling in magnetic resonance imaging are shown to be significant when the ratio of half the sampling time, Ts/2, to transverse relaxation time, T2 is on the order of unity or greater. For both symmetric and asymmetric sampling, these artifacts include enhanced high spatial frequency image intensity (bright edges), induced systematic noise, loss of resolution, and changes in phase. Simple filtering of the raw data does not remove the problem in tissues with positiondependent T2 values. An exact deconvolution method is described to remove these problems associated with finite position-dependent T2 values. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc.
The effects of scale on tests for disease clustering.

Surveillance of a large geographic region for ‘clusters’ of adverse health events, particularly cancers, often involves searching for raised incidence in the vicinity of prespecified putative sources of hazard. For reasons of practicality or of confidentiality, incidence and population data are usually only available aggregated over subregions or ‘cells’. The performance of statistical procedures designed to detect the presence of clusters can be highly sensitive to the level of aggregation, that is to the choice of partition of the region into the cells. We investigate this sensitivity in the cases of three recently proposed procedures, namely those of Besag and Newell, Stone, and Waller et al. For illustration, we use leukaemia incidence data for 1978–82 in a region of upstate New York, with inactive hazardous waste sites containing trichloroethylene acting as suspected sources.
Tools for building image processing and graphics applications in a workstation environment

A workstation-based environment for the development of image processing and graphics applications is described. The focus is on two graphical tools provided by the environment. The first tool is a graphical user interface based on the concept of a software control panel. Through a control panel, the user may interactively modify application program parameters and exercise fine-grain control over program execution. The second tool is a graphical block diagram constructor, which allows the user to build executable block diagrams based on standard application programs. Both of the graphical tools are integrated into the framework of an interactive programming environment that provides overall support for applications development. >
An improved estimate of the oceanic lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br

Previous estimates of the partial atmospheric lifetime of CH3Br with respect to degradation in the ocean have not fully accounted for co-variation of sea-surface and boundary layer properties. Here we substantially reduce uncertainty in this calculation by using a coupled, ocean-atmosphere box model and a tightly gridded data set of oceanic and atmospheric properties. The best estimate of the partial atmospheric lifetime of CH3Br with respect to the ocean is 2.7 y with a possible range, due mainly to the choice of computational procedures for critical terms, of 2.4 to 6.5 y. This range is about one-third of that estimated previously. The total atmospheric lifetime, based upon oceanic, atmospheric, and proposed soil losses with all of their uncertainties, is 0.8 (0.6 to 1.4) y. Only 28% of this total uncertainty is attributable to the uncertainty in oceanic loss.
Ionizing Radiation and Kidney Cancer among Japanese Atomic Bomb Survivors

Abstract Understanding of the role of radiation as a cause of kidney cancer remains limited. The most common types of kidney cancer are renal cell carcinoma and renal pelvis carcinoma. It has been posited that these entities differ in their degree of radiogenicity. Recent analyses of cancer incidence and mortality in the Life Span Study (LSS) of Japanese atomic bomb survivors have examined associations between ionizing radiation and renal cell carcinoma, but these analyses have not reported results for cancer of the renal pelvis and ureters. This paper reports the results of analyses of kidney cancer incidence during the period 1958–1998 among 105,427 atomic bomb survivors. Poisson regression methods were used to derive estimates of associations between radiation dose (in sievert, Sv) and cancer of the renal parenchyma (n = 167), and cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter (n = 80). Heterogeneity by cancer site was tested by joint modeling of cancer risks. Radiation dose was positively associated with c...