cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental deformation of a synthetic dunite at high temperature and pressure. I. Mechanical behavior, optical microstructure and deformation mechanism

Abstract We have performed a series of 27 deformation experiments on a very dry synthetic dunite, using the Griggs solid medium apparatus. Strain rates ranged from 1 × 10 4 to 1 × 10 7 sec 1 , temperatures varied from 1100° to 1300 °C, and the confining pressure was maintained at 10 or (more usually) 15 kbar. MACOR IM , a commercially available, anhydrous, machinable glass ceramic with a low melting point, was used in many of the experiments. We find that strength measurements performed using macor as a confining medium are similar to results obtained using sodium chloride as the confining solid. Tests performed in undried sample assemblies using air-dried dunite specimens resulted in creep strengths greater than those found in any earlier studies except those of Post (1973. 1977). A single test on a sample for which both sample and assembly were dried at a temperature sufficiently high to drive off any adsorbed water resulted in a creep strength comparable to that determined by Post (1973, 1977) for very dry Mt. Burnett dunite. Despite our experimental difficulties, we are led to believe that our synthetic dunite exhibits mechanical behavior consistent with that determined in other experimental studies in which natural dunites and peridotites were used. Furthermore, we conclude that dry dunite is very probably as strong as the oft-disputed results of Post earlier indicated. Finally, we show that the optical textures of our highly recrystallized experimental specimens are essentially identical to naturally produced porphyroclastic textures and that the deformation mechanism in both the experimental and natural specimens is probably dislocation creep with recovery by dynamic recrystallization.
Mammalian Ribosomal Protein: Analysis by Electrophoresis on Polyacrylamide Gel

Ribosomal protein from five mammalian tissues when analyzed by discontinuous electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel at pH 4.5 yielded 24 bands. Densitometric tracings indicated that the patterns of the basic ribosomal proteins from the several tissues were qualitatively similar. Protein from Escherichia coli ribosomes analyzed at pH 4.5 gave 29 bands, and the pattern was different from that of mammalian ribosomal protein. No distinct band was found when mammalian ribosomal protein was analyzed at pH 8.3 (acidic proteins). Ribosomal protein from Escherichia coli gave eight bands at pH 8.3. Thus, the structure of the genes responsible for synthesis of ribosomal protein in several mammalian tissues is the same, and different genes direct synthesis of ribosomal protein in bacteria.
Solitary waves solutions for extended forms of quantum Zakharov–Kuznetsov equations

In this work, we investigate three extended forms of the quantum Zakharov–Kuznetsov (qZK) equations in (2 + 1) and (3 + 1) dimensions. The qZK equations describe the ion acoustic waves in a magnetized plasma composed of cold ions and hot isothermal electrons. The simplified forms of the bilinear method, the tanh method and the sech method are used to derive a variety of solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions. Multiple soliton solutions, under specific constraints, are obtained for some extended forms.
Emission model of. gamma. -ray bursts

The emission mechanisms of cosmic gamma-ray bursts are reviewed. In particular, the thermal synchrotron model is discussed as the most viable mechanism for the majority of the continuum emission. Within this framework various information about the source region can be extracted. The picture that emerges is that of a hot (kT = .2 - 1.0 sq mc), thin sheet of dense pair-dominated plasma emitting via cyclo-synchrotron radiation in a strong magnetic field (B approximately one-hundred billion to one trillion gauss). Speculations on the origin and structure of this sheet are attempted. The problem of high-energy photons above pair production threshold escaping from the source is also considered.
A genetic map of the lettuce downy mildew pathogen, Bremia lactucae, constructed from molecular markers and avirulence genes

The genetic map of Bremia lactucae was expanded utilizing 97 F(1) progeny derived from a cross between Finnish and Californian isolates (SF5xC82P24). Genetic maps were constructed for each parent utilizing 7 avirulence genes, 83 RFLP markers, and 347 AFLP markers, and a consensus map was constructed from the complete data set. The framework map for SF5 contained 24 linkage groups distributed over 835cM; the map for C82P24 contained 21 linkage groups distributed over 606cM. The consensus map contained 12 linkage groups with markers from both parents and 24 parent-specific groups. Six avirulence genes mapped to different linkage groups; four were located at the ends of linkage groups. The closest linkages between molecular markers and avirulence genes were 3cM to Avr4 and 1cM to Avr7. Mating type seemed to be determined by a single locus, where the heterozygote determined the B(2) type and the homozygous recessive genotype determined the B(1) type.
Pioneer Rocketry: 2014 WSGC Collegiate Rocket Competition

The objective of the 2014 Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium (WSGC) Collegiate Rocket Competition was to design a one-stage high-powered rocket that could accurately reach an apogee of 3,000 feet and then be recovered timely and safely and in a flyable condition. The competition also required two methods of determining velocity through the use of onboard electronics. Overall, the performance in the 2014 WSGC Collegiate Rocketry Competition was a success. The rocket used for competition, Pioneer - I , reached an apogee of 3094 feet. The time took to recover the rocket was approximately ten minutes. The apogee reached and recovery time, combined with our presentation, design report, post-flight report, and educational outreach services put us into first place for this yearâ€™s competition 1 .
Four components of effective pricing

Abstract Industrial firms tend to manage prices in a fairly reactive and piecemeal fashion, with a heavy reliance on formula-based methods. This article introduces the concept of a strategic pricing program (SPP) to price determination. The program consists of four components: price objectives, strategy, structure, and levels. Each component is explained, relationships among them are established, and the program then is linked to corporate strategy.
Two- and three-dimensional views of biomagnetic imaging

Biomagnetic imaging is the estimation and display of current density distributions calculated from measurements of the magnetic fields they generate. The magnetic fields measurements alone, no matter how dense and extensive, are not sufficient for uniquely reconstructing the current densities. In this paper we concentrate on quantifying the limitations and on introducing constraints into the reconstruction techniques. We apply the technique of characteristic bodies as transplanted from the microwave and radar theory. This technique allows for simple calculations when introducing a particular class of constraints, i.e., limiting sources to surfaces. In particular, we look at surface current and surface monopole distributions that generate magnetic fields corresponding to the measured values. We also show how magnetic fields known on arbitrary closed surfaces may be projected to other surfaces and then the characteristic body technique used to calculate source distributions. In addition we consider differential and support constraints.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Experimental pyelonephritis and hypertension in rats.

SummaryUnilateral renal diseases resembling hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis, or pyelonephritis were induced in rats by partial ureteral constriction and intravenous injection of E. coli. Arterial hypertension developed when chronic unilateral renal infection was produced.
NOTES ON HAYEK--Miami, 15 February, 1979

This lecture, given by James Buchanan in February of 1979, examines the meaning of F.A.Hayek's career path in the context of the development of economics in the 20th century, and argues for the importance of financial support of scholars like Hayek, and their academic research into the values of a free society.
A Multiple Parallel Plate Wetted Screen Diffusion Denuder for High-Flow Air Sampling Applications

Diffusion denuders are commonly used today for air sampling applications where it is necessary to discriminate between gaseous- and aerosol-phase analytes. In some applications, such as isotopic analysis, it is necessary to collect a sufficient analyte mass necessitating high sampling rates. Wetted denuders are preferred in many applications because they can be readily coupled to automated continuous analysis systems. We describe here a compact (5 cm diameter, 30 cm length) diffusion denuder with 11 individually wetted parallel screens (with an wetted area in excess of 0.1 m2) that allow operation at high flow rates. The effluent liquid is collected at the bottom from two V-shaped grooves. With SO2 as the test gas, ∼95% is collected even at a flow rate of 50 L/min with very low particle losses.
A double-blind study of paroxetine, fluoxetine, and placebo in outpatients with major depression.

We report results from a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. Across five U.S. sites, 128 outpatients (mean age: 41.3 ± 12.6; 63 men and 65 women) with moderate to moderately severe major depression without a history of mania or hypomania were recruited between 1993 and 1994. All 128 patients completed a 1-week placebo washout period, and were then randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with paroxetine up to 50 mg/day (n = 55), fluoxetine up to 80 mg/day (n = 54), or placebo (n = 19). Subjects were evaluated weekly for the first 4 weeks, then at weeks 6, 9, and 12 with the 21-item HAMD and the Covi Anxiety Scale. There were no significant differences among the three treatment groups in baseline and endpoint depression and anxiety severity, as well as in the degree of depression and anxiety improvement. There were no statistically significant differences in rates or mean numbers of adverse events between paroxetine-treated patients and fluoxetine-treated patients. In summary, our results, although limited by the lack of a significant difference from placebo in treatment outcome, suggest that the SSRIs paroxetine and fluoxetine have comparable antidepressant and antianxiety efficacies among depressed outpatients, as well as similar safety and tolerability profiles.
Using a Required Research Project in a Dietetic Internship

Abstract The changing Healthcare environment is challenging old assumptions about the best methods of educating practitioners. In today's market, the measurement and justification of outcomes in dietetic practice will become increasingly important in the next few years as nutrition services departments are required to document the effectiveness of their services. The purpose of including a required research project in a dietetic internship was to assist interns in becoming familiar with the process of conducting research, during the current year, interns were encouraged to do a project related to outcomes assessment, and were asked to decide on a suitable project during their first two months of the internship. Internship preceptors were advised of this requirement during a preceptor training session held the previous summer. Preceptors were encouraged to think of measurements or projects which would benefit them and their institution. A two-hour session on how to conduct research was held as part of a two-week orientation held at the beginning of the internship. Interns were acquainted with the protocol for human subjects clearance for their research. Suitable topics were suggested in a variety of internship rotations. A timeline was proposed for the submission of each portion of the research paper, to allow the project to proceed in an orderly fashion. Having the project completed before the end of the internship allowed enough time so that interns could submit an abstract of their project for the ADA Annual Meeting. The benefits of requiring interns to conduct an original research project on outcomes assessment has potential benefits for everyone, including interns, preceptors and program faculty. In the Healthcare environment of the coming decade, practitioners will be expected to be able to document the benefits of their services. An ideal way to ensure that future practitioners will have the necessary research skills is to include it as a required component of an educational program.
Experimental methods for laboratory-scale ensilage of lignocellulosic biomass

Abstract Anaerobic fermentation is a potential storage method for lignocellulosic biomass in biofuel production processes. Since biomass is seasonally harvested, stocks are often dried or frozen at laboratory scale prior to fermentation experiments. Such treatments prior to fermentation studies cause irreversible changes in the plant cells, influencing the initial state of biomass and thereby the progression of the fermentation processes itself. This study investigated the effects of drying, refrigeration, and freezing relative to freshly harvested corn stover in lab-scale ensilage studies. Particle sizes, as well as post-ensilage drying temperatures for compositional analysis, were tested to identify the appropriate sample processing methods. After 21 days of ensilage the lowest pH value (3.73 ± 0.03), lowest dry matter loss (4.28 ± 0.26 g. 100 g-1DM), and highest water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations (7.73 ± 0.26 g. 100 g-1DM) were observed in control biomass (stover ensiled within 12 h of harvest without any treatments). WSC concentration was significantly reduced in samples refrigerated for 7 days prior to ensilage (3.86 ± 0.49 g. 100 g−1 DM). However, biomass frozen prior to ensilage produced statistically similar results to the fresh biomass control, especially in treatments with cell wall degrading enzymes. Grinding to decrease particle size reduced the variance amongst replicates for pH values of individual reactors to a minor extent. Drying biomass prior to extraction of WSCs resulted in degradation of the carbohydrates and a reduced estimate of their concentrations. The methods developed in this study can be used to improve ensilage experiments and thereby help in developing ensilage as a storage method for biofuel production.
Fertilizing Capacity of Turkey Semen Stored in Carbonated and Non-carbonated Extenders

Abstract HYPERTONIC carbonated and non-carbonated citrate extenders have given highest fertility in storage experiments with semen of the chicken (Hobbs and Harris, 1963 a,b) and turkey (Harris et al., 1963). Turkey semen stored in a CO2 citrate extender with a freezing point depression of −0.91°C. gave highest fertility. The average fertility for semen stored for 6 hours at 2°C. in this extender was 86%, 72%, 71%, and 44% for weeks 1 to 4 after a single insemination, respectively. Bajpai and Brown (1963 a) noted that turkey semen contains a high level of glutamic acid. In studies on stored semen these investigators replaced sodium citrate with monosodium glutamate in the carbonated Illinois Variable Temperature (I.V.T.) extender for bull semen. This extender was compared with Lake's solution and the original I.V.T. extender. The lowest incidence of bent or dead spermatozoa and highest motility were obtained with the glutamate I.V.T. extender. However, fertility was . . .
The Business Profession A Mandatory, Noncredit, Cocurricular Career Preparation Program for Undergraduate Business Majors

Designed to guide those who want to replicate a similar program at their institutions, this article examines Xavier University’s experience with The Business Profession, a required, noncredit series of career-related events that business majors take over a 4-year period. This program was developed in response to research indicating that early career decision making and excellent career communication skills lead to better student employment choices. The Business Profession differs from traditional university career education programs in several ways. It is (a) developmental: It offers learner-centered programming over a 4-year period covering topics that match students’ growing career maturity; (b) cocurricular: It is offered as a cocurricular supplement to the academic business program; (c) mandatory: Business majors are required to complete this program as a graduation prerequisite; and (d) faculty directed: A tenured business communication faculty serves as director. Evaluations indicate students find t...
The meaning and role of ideology in system justification and resistance for high- and low-status people.

In this article we explore how beliefs about system ideals and the achievement of those ideals differentially predict system justification among low- and high-status groups. Our goal was to reconcile how people can promote system ideals such as equal opportunities for all and at the same time recognize that group-based disparities are, in part, due to these unfulfilled ideals. Three studies examined whether people perceived a discrepancy between a system's ideal goals and its achievement of those goals. Everyone endorsed these goal ideals more than they believed that the goals were being achieved; however, this discrepancy was larger for low-status people. The larger the perceived discrepancy, the more dissatisfied people were with the system and the more likely they were to support hierarchy-attenuating policies. Studies 2 and 3 also examined people's motivation for endorsing goal ideals. People of all statuses endorsed system ideals to promote an ideal system more than to legitimize the actual system (Study 2); however, high-status people were slightly more likely to endorse system ideals to legitimize the actual system than low-status people (Study 3). In summary, low-status people were more likely than high-status people to recognize discrepancies between system goals and system outcomes, show dissatisfaction with the American system, and prefer policies that would attenuate extant hierarchies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
β‐ENDORPHIN: Circular Dichroism of Synthetic Human Analogs with Various Chain Lengths in Methanol Solutions

The alpha-helix content of human beta-endorphin (beta h-EP) has been determined by circular dichroism (CD) in solutions ranging from 0 to 95% methanol in water. In addition, the CD spectra of beta h-EP-(1-30),-(1-29),-(1-28),-(1-27),-(1-26),-(1-21) and -(1-15) have been examined in 90% methanol, and their alpha-helix contents estimated using parameters determined for this solvent. Addition of methanol to beta h-EP solutions brings about a noncooperative formation of alpha-helix. An attempt to correlate secondary structure in methanol with biological and immunological activities showed limited direct correspondence, but may indicate the involvement of the tertiary interactions.
DO WE REALLY WISH TO LIVE IN A COMMUNITARIAN CITY?: Communitarian Thinking and the Redevelopment of Chicago's Cabrini-Green Public Housing Complex

Communitarianism is a movement of academic intellectuals, policy experts, and public figures seeking to redefine the relations among individuals, communities, and governments. This article examines...
Just Enough of a Good Thing: Indications of Long-Term Efficacy in One-Shot Library Instruction

Abstract Website attributions were measured as one way of evaluating the efficacy of the “one-shot” library session. Survey results indicated support for single session information literacy instruction in that participants exposed to a librarian classroom visit reported that they would be significantly more likely to have used library databases, checked out a book, asked a librarian for help, and to predict that they would ask a librarian for help at a later time. Results also indicated that students who reported a classroom librarian visit may have engaged in more systematic or complex processing to evaluate websites in that they considered more attributes and took less time to make better judgments about the quality of sources.
Small-scale polarization noise in a relaxor ferroelectric

The polarization noise of small samples of the relaxor ferroelectric ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{y}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ was studied both in thermal quasiequilibrium and while the applied field was swept. The quasiequilibrium noise obeyed the fluctuation-dissipation relation. This noise was Gaussian and lacked random features, within experimental resolution. No Barkhausen noise was detected during field sweeps at near-saturating fields. Both those facts point to small coherence volumes for the polarization dynamics.
T-cell epitopes of aeroallergens.

Objective To describe the current knowledge of the T-cell epitopes of common aeroallergens, how they were discovered, and implications for future therapy. Data Sources PubMed search of English-language articles without date limits pertaining to T-cell epitopes of aeroallergens included on a standard skin test panel. Study Selection A total of 127 articles were screened based on the results of the PubMed search and cross-indexed as needed. The highest quality and most clinically relevant articles were included for discussion. Results Of the 47 allergen extracts included on the standard skin test panel at our institution, T-cell epitopes have been described for 13. Immunodominant epitopes have been used for peptide immunotherapy trials. Conclusions T-cell epitopes have been characterized for a minority of common aeroallergens. However, knowledge is rapidly expanding and can lay the groundwork for therapies that specifically target T cells.
Weak localization in superconductors: A study of radiation-damaged Nb_3Ir

We have studied the critical temperature T_c, upper critical field, and magnetotransport variation as a function of radiation damage in the low-T_c A15 superconductor Nb_3Ir. We find a nonmonotonic variation in Tc with disorder and analyze these results in terms of the competition between density-of-states effects and weak localization. Magnetoresistance measurements confirm the presence of electron interaction effects associated with weak localization.
Source of the Post-Pharyngeal Gland Contents in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta

The lumina of the post-pharyngeal glands of all castes of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, appeared empty at the time of emergence. After 7 days exposure of newly emerged ants to sugar water, the gland lumina remained empty even though the crop was filled with sugar water. Only foods containing lipids caused the lumina to enlarge and acquire the characteristic yellow color typical of glands from older workers and reproductives. The post-pharyngeal glands selectively acquired lipids from ingested foods and the lipids remained in the gland lumina for long periods of time. The post-pharyngeal glands of queens did not sequester radiolabeled triglycerides or fatty acids injected into the haemolymph. The results suggest that these 2 major lipid components of the post-pharyngeal glands are acquired from the food of the adult ant.
Septic shock and multiple organ failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: treatment with recombinant human activated protein C

Severe sepsis with multiple organ failure after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) results in extremely high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of sepsis-induced activation of the coagulation system in the pathophysiology of severe sepsis. Activated protein C is an important modulator of coagulation and inflammatory derangements during severe sepsis. Low levels of protein C occur in severe sepsis and are predictive of poor outcome. Recombinant human activated protein C (drotrecogin alfa (activated)) was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for severe sepsis. The phase III trial that resulted in the approval of this agent, however, enrolled a general sepsis population and excluded patients undergoing HSCT. We report a case of fulminant septic shock and multiple organ failure after HSCT that was treated with drotrecogin alfa (activated) in addition to standard therapy, and recovered. The high mortality rates of patients who develop severe sepsis after HSCT demand that new avenues of treatment be considered for this very high-risk patient population. This case illustrates the potential application of a novel therapeutic approach. Clinical trials are warranted to further investigate the safety and efficacy of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in patients with severe sepsis after HSCT.
Retroreflectors for remote readout of colorimetric sensors

Abstract We have developed a remote detection system consisting of commercially available retroreflective material coated with an analyte-specific colorimetric dye. Quantitative performance modeling predicts that, given the appropriate indicator dye, a system with a 10 cm optic and eye-safe illumination should be capable of detecting small droplets of contamination at kilometer ranges. We have synthesized new colorimetric dyes specific to organophosphate contamination and, with these dyes, demonstrated detection of 1 μl of liquid malathion at over 150 m with less than 20 mW of laser illumination.
Implementation of a group decision support system utilizing collective memory

Collective memory has been characterized as a socially articulated and maintained reality of the past--one form being organizational memory. The collective memory concept can also be specialized to a group level and used to support work groups engaged in repetitive decision-making activities. The advantages of capturing collective memory are many, including simplification of the process, codification of decision strategies, carryover of knowledge when group composition changes, etc. While there has been substantial research in group decision-making, the explicit use of collective memory to support repetitive decision-making has received less attention. This paper describes the development and implementation of a collective memory based enviromnent for support of a multi-attribute, iterative decision process. The environment utilized hypermedia, groupware, and Intranet technologies. Results of its use are encouraging.
Medial, intralaminar, and lateral terminations of lumbar spinothalamic tract neurons: a fluorescent double-label study.

A dorsolateral spinothalamic tract (DSTT), consisting primarily of lamina I neurons, was confirmed in the cat lumbar spinal cord by the use of thalamic injections of fluorescent dyes combined with selective thoracic spinal cord lesions. In addition, collateralization of spinothalamic tract (STT) terminations to medial, lateral, and intralaminar thalamic regions was investigated by injections of two different fluorescent dyes into pairs of these regions. The results of this study indicate that less than 15% of cat lumbar STT neurons collateralize to more than one of the thalamic regions evaluated. Lumbar lamina I cells project to the lateral and to the medial thalamus (13% collateralize to these two regions) and have only a scant projection to the intralaminar thalamus. Lumbar laminae IV-VI STT cells are very few in cat and demonstrate almost no collateralization to multiple thalamic areas. Neurons of laminae VII-X project equally to the three thalamic regions evaluated, and approximately 10-14% of cells f...
A robust confidence interval for location

Robust estimation procedures have been the subject of a large number of comparative studies. Less attention has been paid to confidence intervals and tests based on these procedures and to cases in which the underlying distribution is nonsymmetric. This article investigates the properties of just one interval M estimator of location. The estimator is quite easy to compute, and the associated point estimator of location has proven to be quite efficient in comparative studies. The results indicate that in most cases (including some skewed distributions) the confidence coefficient of the estimator holds quite close to its specified value.
The positive-parity states of 11B

Abstract The positive-parity states of A = 11 are calculated in a complete iħω representation free of spurious states. Strengths for E1 transitions and for β-decay are examined in a weak coupling representation and found to have strong interference effects. The small 0s hole components are calculated to be extremely important for E1 transitions. The degree of agreement with observed properties indicates a good first-order approximation.
Voltage-gated calcium channel γ2 subunit gene is not deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome

Voltage-gated calcium channel γ2 subunit gene is not deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome
Cancer mortality among shoe and leather workers in Massachusetts.

A proportional mortality analysis of death certificates of 2,798 shoe and leather workers demonstrated a statistically significant excess of bladder cancer among female shoe workers (PMR + 2.51, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 5.12). A case-referent analysis of 289 leather workers, on whom detailed occupational information was available, demonstrated an association of lung cancer with work in leather-tanning jobs (odds ratio + 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 16.2).
Barriers to Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Asian Americans

Background Routine screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can identify individuals who need vaccination or treatment, as vaccination can prevent HBV infection. Although the overall prevalence of HBV infection in the United States is low (<1%), it is high (~10%) in Asian Americans. However, HBV screening rates in this population have been reported to be low.
Doing the right thing: Systems support for decision quality in cancer care

Background: There is considerable evidence of problems with the quality of cancer care. Wide variation in rates of interventions suggests that cancer care decisions may not reflect the preferences of informed patients.Purpose: To present a framework for systems support for improving the quality of decisions in cancer.Methods: We outlined the types of decisions faced by cancer patients and categorized them based on the level of evidence available about effectiveness of choices and the amount of variation in patients’ preferences for the key outcomes. Then we describe appropriate strategies to systematically improve the quality of decision making for each category.Results: The types of decisions faced by cancer patients and providers are varied. The appropriate strategy to drive improvements differs for different decisions. For complex, preference-sensitive decisions, improvements in decision quality require increasing patients’ knowledge and the match between patients’ preferences and treatments.Conclusions: Decision making in cancer care is complex. Neither patients nor providers can make treatment decisions alone. System support is needed to improve the quality of decisions.
Surface heterogeneity of six commercial brands of end-capped C18-bonded silica. RPLC separations.

Single component adsorption isotherms of phenol and caffeine were measured on six different commercial brands of end-capped C18-bonded silica columns (five monomeric bonded phases: Kromasil, Waters Symmetry, Phenomenex, Hypersil, and Chromolith from Merck; one polymeric bonded phase, Vydac) with the same methanol/water solution (30/70, v/v) as the mobile phase. Adsorption data were acquired by frontal analysis (FA) for all these columns in the same way. Depending on their solubility in the mobile phase, the concentrations used ranged between 1 and 100 g/L and between 0.35 and 35 g/L for phenol and caffeine, respectively. Twenty-two adsorption data points were recorded over these ranges. In each case, the best isotherm model accounting for all sets of adsorption data is the bi-Langmuir model, all columns behaving as heterogeneous adsorbents despite the endcapping. Depending on the column, the high-energy sites accounts for between 30 and 40% and between 4 and 7% of the total saturation capacity for phenol...
New concepts in chronic urticaria

Chronic urticaria is a common skin disease without a clear etiology in the vast majority of cases. The similarity of symptoms and lesion pathology to allergen-induced skin reactions supports the idea that skin mast cell and blood basophil IgE receptor activation is involved; however, no exogenous allergen trigger has been identified. The presence of serum IgG autoantibodies targeting IgE or the IgE receptor in ∼40% of CIU cases supports the theory of an autoimmune basis for the disease. However, issues remain with the assays to detect autoantibodies among other serum factors, the relationship of autoantibodies to CIU disease activity, and the occurrence of autoantibodies in healthy subjects. Other studies have identified altered IgE receptor degranulation that reverts in disease remission and is accompanied by changes in signaling molecule expression and function in mast cells and basophils in active CIU subjects. The arrival of therapies targeting IgE and the IgE receptor pathway elements has potential use in CIU.
Future Treatment of Stroke

The breakthroughs in visualization technology and the intensive research endeavors in molecular biology, hematology, and angiology are gradually disenteangling the complex matter of stroke. Taking into account the fact that by 2020, stroke mortality will have almost doubled, mainly as a result of an increase in the proportion of older people (Ch. Warlow, et al., Lancet, 362, 1211-1224, 2003), emphasis should be placed on the importance of laboratory training and experience to learn microneurosurgical skills and microsurgical techniques, particularly in the field of re-constructive neurovascular surgery. In the future, the indications for reconstructive vascular surgery will become clearer, and the number of cases will increase accordingly. The synchronic expansion of advances in diagnostic techniques with the remarkable evolution in treatment modalities, including the broad spectrum of pharmacologic therapies as well as refined microsurgical techniques, will be outlined.
Mobility degradation and transferred electron effect in gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide

The effect of mobility degradation on the intervalley transfer of electrons in gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide is studied. A considerable degradation of the mobility at high electric fields takes place for valleys with high low-field ohmic mobility. The momentum relaxation time τ = m*µ/e is found to degrade with high electric field, giving the impression of high collision broadening at high electric fields. Similar degradation is expected for the mean free path. The relationship of the high-field transport in terms of ohmic transport parameters is elaborated to explain the transferred electron effect.
Moving target inference with bayesian models in SAR imagery

This work combines the physical, kinematic, and statistical properties of targets, clutter, and sensor calibration as manifested in multi-channel SAR imagery into a unified Bayesian structure that simultaneously estimates (a) clutter distributions and nuisance parameters and (b) target signatures required for detection/inference. A Monte Carlo estimate of the posterior distribution is provided that infers the model parameters directly from the data with little tuning of algorithm parameters. Per- formance is demonstrated on both measured/synthetic wide-area datasets. Index Terms—synthetic aperture radar, moving target detec- tion, low-rank, hierarchical Bayesian models I. I NTRODUCTION This work provides an algorithm for inference in multi- antenna and multi-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) im- agery. Inference can mean many different things in this frame- work, including detection of moving targets, estimation of the underlying clutter distribution, estimation of the target radial velocity, and classification of pixels. To this end, the output of the proposed algorithm is an estimated posterior distribution over the variables in our model. This posterior distribution is estimated through Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Subsequently, the inference tasks listed above are performed by appropriately using the posterior distribution. For example, detection can be done by thresholding the posterior probability that a target exists at any given location. Recently, there has been great interest by Wright et al. (1), Lin et al. (2), Candes et al. (3) and Ding et al. (4) in the so- called robust principal component analysis (RPCA) problem that decomposes high-dimensional signals as
From soybeans to lectins: a trail of research revisited.

In the spring of 1942 I was inducted into the U.S. Army after having received a BS degree in Food Technology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a degree which, in the eyes of the army, preeminently qualified me for an assignment as an instructor in the Cooks and Bakers School of the Quartermaster Carp at Fort Knox Kentucky. Most of the rest of my career in the army was spent as a mess officer in European Theater of Operations. Following my discharge from the army in 1946, I entered the Ph.D. program in Biochemistry and Nutrition at the University of Southern California. After devoting one year to intensive course work to get back on track with respect to chemistry, which by this time had become but a very hazy memory, I was afforded the opportunity of returning to active duty, the carrot on the stick being that I would be free to complete the research I needed for my Ph.D. degree. To this end, I was assigned to the Quartermaster Food and Container Institute, then located in Chicago. One of the projects the army was interested in at that time was the increased utilization of soybeans as a possible substitute for meat protein in the army ration program. Thus began my involvement with soybeans. Based on the early observation by Osborne and Mendel’, it was well known that the nutritive value of soybean protein did not support the growth of rats unless it had been subjected to heat treatment. It was generally believed at that time that the beneficial effect of heat was due to the inactivation of a trypsin inhibitor which had been previously isolated by Kunitzr from raw soybeans. The main objective of my thesis research was to elucidate the mechanism whereby the trypsin inhibitor exerted its deleterious effect on animal growth. Based on experiments in which the purified Kunitz inhibitor had been added to the diets fed to rats, it became apparent that the trypsin inhibitor did not fully account for the poor growth seen with raw soybeans3. Adding the trypsin inhibitor to heated soybeans failed to lower the growth rate of rats to the same extent as a diet containing unheated soybeans. Thus began my search for the presence of some other component in soybeans which might be responsible, at least in part, for its poor nutritive value. After receiving my Ph.D. degree and my release from the Army in 1949, I joined the staff of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Minnesota. As is the case with most fresh Ph.D.s who assume a new academic position and are pressured into showing some evidence of productivity as rapidly as possible, I chose an area of research
Gender differences in mate selection preferences: A test of the parental investment model.

Evolutionary-related hypotheses about gender differences in mate selection preferences were derived from Triver's parental investment model, which contends that women are more likely than men to seek a mate who possesses nonphysical characteristics that maximize the survival or reproductive prospects of their offspring, and were examined in a meta-analysis of mate selection research (questionnaire studies, analyses of personal advertisements). As predicted, women accorded more weight than men to socioeconomic status, ambitiousness, character, and intelligence, and the largest gender differences were observed for cues to resource acquisition (status, ambitiousness). Also as predicted, gender differences were not found in preferences for characteristics unrelated to progeny survival (sense of humor, "personality"). Where valid comparisons could be made, the findings were generally invariant across generations, cultures, and research paradigms.
William F. Buckley, Jr., on firing line: A case study in confrontational dialogue

Maligned by some as a rhetorical trickster and acknowledged by many as conservatism's most skillful advocate, William F. Buckley, Jr., adapted his discourse to his guest and to his mode of communication in his televised discussion with Madalyn Murray O'Hair on Firing Line. He insidiously developed the personae of the participants and adroitly met challenges posed by the malleable organizational structure and spontaneous interaction of an unrehearsed talk show. His conception of the function of rhetorical discourse may help to explain his selection of ethically questionable techniques of persuasion in dialogue. His exchange with O'Hair indicates that the format of talk‐show discussion invites the use of rhetorical strategies particularly suitable for that form of public address.
Habitat selection by the aphid parasite Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and hyperparasite Charips brassicae (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae).

A suspected chemical means of habitat selection by Diaeretiella rapae, a primary parasite of aphids on crucifer plants, was investigated in the laboratory with the aid of an olfactometer. Females (and, to a lesser extent, males) were found to be attracted by odor to leaves and leaf juices of a crucifer host plant and to dilute solutions of the mustard oil allyl isothiocyanate. Given a choice of aphid colonies (Myzus persicae) on leaves of beet (Chenopodiaceae — mustard oils not present) and collard (Cruciferae — mustard oils present), female D. rapae displayed a marked preference to oviposit in aphids feeding on collard. It is concluded that female D. rapae parasites locate their hosts initially by a response to an odor emanating from the aphid host-plant, followed by visual searching. Male D. rapae were attracted by odor from female D. rapae, suggesting the existence of a sex pheromone in this species.Neither males nor females of Charips brassicae, a hyperparasite of D. rapae, were attracted to collard leaves, though females showed apparent attraction to female D. rapae. As with D. rapae, males of C. brassicae are attracted by odor to females of the same species.The host finding behavior of D. rapae is discussed in relation to that of other insect species belonging to the fauna associated with the plant family Cruciferae.
The Treatment of Pulmonary Blastomycosis

From this study, one can only conclude that a completely satisfactory form of treatment for pulmonary blastomycosis has not yet been found. Pulmonary resection for localized, stable lesions after immunological balance is obtained may be an important therapeutic aid. The use of undecylenic acid orally and of stilbamidine or 2-hydroxystilbamidine intravenously are useful measures. Combined therapy with undecylenic acid and one of the diamidines may be the best method of drug treatment available.
Distillation with intermediate heat pumps and optimal sidestream return

The technique of distillation with intermediate heat pumps and optimal sidestream return—IHOSR distillation—is presented. IHOSR distillation allows heat to be moved between points in a distillation column with greater efficiency than several other methods of using heat pumps for distillation.
Four-Month-Old Infants Prefer to Listen to Motherese"

The speech register used by adults with infants and young children, known as motherese, is linguistically simplified and characterized by high pitch and exaggerated intonation. This study investigated infant selective listening to motherese speech. The hypothesis tested was that infants would choose to listen more often to motherese when given the choice between a variety of natural infant-directed and adult-directed speech samples spoken by four women unfamiliar to the subjects. Forty-eight 4-month-old infants were tested in an operant auditory preference procedure. Infants showed a significant listening preference for the motherese speech register.
Psychache, depression, and personality.

In a sample of 51 students, worst ever psychache was associated with current depression and a history of suicidal ideation.
Single Port Donor Nephrectomy

In 2007, Rane presented the first single port nephrectomy for a small non-functioning kidney at the World Congress of Endourology. Since that time, the use of single port surgery for nephrectomy has expanded to include donor nephrectomy. Over the next two years the technique was adopted for many others types of nephrectomies to include donor nephrectomy. We present our technique for single port donor nephrectomy using the Gelpoint device. We have successfully performed this surgery in over 100 patients and add this experience to our experience of over 1000 laparoscopic nephrectomies. With the proper equipment and technique, single port donor nephrectomy can be performed safely and effectively in the majority of live donors. We have found that our operative times and most importantly our transplant outcomes have not changed significantly with the adoption of the single port donor nephrectomy. We believe that single port donor nephrectomy represents a step forward in the care of living donors.
Current production targets and strategic decisions by corporate managers

Abstract This article considers the potential role of current production targets in providing corporate managers with incentives for allocating their efforts toward operational and strategic decisions. Operational decisions relate to current production, while strategic decisions affect both current production and future profitability. A moral hazard exists to the extent that manager effort allocations are not observable. Of interest is the design of compensation contracts which efficiently resolve that hazard. Attention is mainly focused on distortions in current production away from targets which would be optimal if manager effort allocations were observable. The principal insight is that an increase in current production targets may, paradoxically, be motivated by a desire to induce a greater allocation of effort to strategic decisions.
Interference between optical transitions

We report observations of an interference between optical transition amplitudes for linear and nonlinear excitation of the mercury 6s $^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6p $^{1}\mathrm{P}_{1}$ transition. The transition probability is varied sinusoidally by changing the relative phase of the two fields inducing these distinct processes.
Income and Quality of Life: Does the Love of Money Make a Difference?

This paper examines a model of income and quality of life that controls the love of money, job satisfaction, gender, and marital status and treats employment status (full-time versus part-time), income level, and gender as moderators. For the whole sample, income was not significantly related to quality of life when this path was examined alone. When all variables were controlled, income was negatively related to quality of life. When (1) the love of money was negatively correlated to job satisfaction and (2) job satisfaction was positively related to both income and quality of life, income was negatively related to quality of life for full-time, high-income, and male employees. When these two conditions failed to exist, income was not related to quality of life for part-time, median- or low-income, and female employees. This model provides new insights regarding the impact of the love of money and job satisfaction on the income–quality of life relationship.