cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT ON BIOMASS AND CELL MORPHOLOGY OF CLADOPHORA GLOMERATA (CHLOROPHYTA) IN THE COLORADO RIVER, ARIZONA

This study assessed changes in biomass, filament length, and cell morphology in Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz. along a suspended sediment gradient in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Suspended sediments ranged from 2.0 mg·L−1 at Lees Ferry (Rkm 0.8) to 4.2 mg·L−1 at Gorilla Island (Rkm 352). There was a 74% decrease in Cladophora biomass along the river transect through Grand Canyon National Park and a significant decrease in filament and cell length, but cell width increased. Similar changes in cell morphology occurred after 19 days when C. glomerata was transplanted from a low suspended sediment site (2.0 mg·L−1) at Lees Ferry to a habitat with high suspended sediments (≥20.0 mg·L−1). Cell length increased and cell width decreased when plants were transplanted back to the low suspended sediment habitat for 24 days. In situ studies with reduced light in the absence of suspended sediments showed no change in cell morphology. These in situ experiments imply that changes in cell morphology by C. glomerata in waters with high suspended sediments are adjustments in structural integrity to accommodate the abrasive force of suspended particles. Our study suggests that cell dimensions in Cladophora might be too plastic under varying environmental conditions to be used in taxonomic determinations.
A statistical method to incorporate biological knowledge for generating testable novel gene regulatory interactions from microarray experiments

The incorporation of prior biological knowledge in the analysis of microarray data has become important in the reconstruction of transcription regulatory networks in a cell. Most of the current research has been focused on the integration of multiple sets of microarray data as well as curated databases for a genome scale reconstruction. However, individual researchers are more interested in the extraction of most useful information from the data of their hypothesis-driven microarray experiments. How to compile the prior biological knowledge from literature to facilitate new hypothesis generation from a microarray experiment is the focus of this work. We propose a novel method based on the statistical analysis of reported gene interactions in PubMed literature. Using Gene Ontology (GO) Molecular Function annotation for reported gene regulatory interactions in PubMed literature, a statistical analysis method was proposed for the derivation of a likelihood of interaction (LOI) score for a pair of genes. The LOI-score and the Pearson correlation coefficient of gene profiles were utilized to check if a pair of query genes would be in the above specified interaction. The method was validated in the analysis of two gene sets formed from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle microarray data. It was found that high percentage of identified interactions shares GO Biological Process annotations (39.5% for a 102 interaction enriched gene set and 23.0% for a larger 999 cyclically expressed gene set). This method can uncover novel biologically relevant gene interactions. With stringent confidence levels, small interaction networks can be identified for further establishment of a hypothesis testable by biological experiment. This procedure is computationally inexpensive and can be used as a preprocessing procedure for screening potential biologically relevant gene pairs subject to the analysis with sophisticated statistical methods.
Thermodynamics of an Ising model with random exchange interactions

An Ising model with an arbitrary distribution $P(J)$ of exchange interactions $J$ is solved exactly for the annealed case in which the system is allowed to reach complete thermal equilibrium at each temperature. The solution is expressed in terms of an Ising model on the same lattice with a single exchange parameter, allowing an exact solution to be obtained in one and two dimensions. Some feeling for the effect of annealing can be found by examining correlations between exchange interactions on neighboring bonds. Some special distributions $P(J)$ are examined in detail.
Jet formation in the transition from the asymptotic giant branch to planetary nebulae

The possibility is studied that during its transition from the AGB to the central star of a PN, a rotating star blows a collimated wind along the symmetry axis. The wind results from the deformation of the stellar surface due to fast rotation. Evolutionary calculations using a spherical stellar model are used to argue that an essential ingredient in the proposed scenario is that the evolving star is in a common envelope with a lower mass companion which spins up the envelope.
Morphological and genetic changes induced by excess Zn in roots of Medicago truncatula A17 and a Zn accumulating mutant

Nutrient fluxes associated with legume-rhizobia symbioses are poorly understood and little is known regarding the influence of abiotic stresses on development and maintenance of N-fixing nodules and root system architecture (RSA). We examined effects of Zn on nodule development and structure, root architecture, and expression of nodulation-related miRNAs in Medicago truncatula and the mutant, raz (requires additional Zn). Excess Zn increased root and shoot associated Zn in both genotypes, however, raz plants had lower root associated Zn than WT plants. Roots of raz plants exposed to excess Zn had less volume, surface area, and total length compared to WT plants. Raz plants had lower lateral root number than WT plants. Excess Zn was found to increase root diameter in both genotypes. The Mn Translocation Factor (TfMn) increased in response to Zn in both genotypes; this was more pronounced in raz plants. TfZn was higher in raz plants and reduced in both genotypes in response to Zn. Nodulation was not influenced by Zn treatment or plant genotype. MicroRNA166 was upregulated under excess Zn in WT plants. Neither the raz mutation nor Zn treatment affected nodulation, however, raz plants had altered RSA compared with WT and responded differently to Zn, implying the mutation potentially modulates RSA responses to Zn but doesn’t play a direct role in nodulation. MicroRNA166 was significantly induced in WT plants by excess Zn, warranting further investigation into the potential role it plays in controlling RSA.
Sosates the Jewish Homer

Les Excerpta Latina Barbari, traduction latine (VII-VIII siecle ap. J.-C.) d'une chronique grecque perdue, datant du V siecle, mentionnent un poete juif, Sosate, par ailleurs totalement inconnu, ayant vecu a Alexandrie sous les Ptolemees.
Offering the Option of Randomized Clinical Trials to Cancer Patients Who Overestimate Their Prognoses with Standard Therapies

We have shown that cancer patients' routine (and understandable) overestimations of their prognoses with standard therapy may inhibit their accrual to randomized clinical trials for which standard therapies are the alternative. Patients' appreciation of the rationale for a trial, and the potential benefit of trial participation, can only be enhanced if they understand their prognoses with standard therapy. However, clinical investigators may be reluctant to provide specific information that deflates patients' estimates of their prognoses. The routine withholding of information regarding the modest benefits of standard therapies may avoid patient distress, but such physician behavior is paternalistic and may deleteriously affect trial accrual. On the other hand, the routine communication of prognostic information will cause significant distress among patients and will perhaps be destabilizing to that minority of patients who would otherwise shun this information or truly cannot psychologically tolerate it. A middle ground between these extremes is the stepwise disclosure of potentially distressing information, wherein specific prognostical information is offered by physicians to patients and actually provided or communicated only after patients first understand the nature of it and then indicate their interest in receiving it. A practical disadvantage of this approach is its additional demand on physicians' time. Therefore, if impracticality is to be avoided and yet the approach fostered, clinical investigators might consider developing trial-specific, written or audiovisual materials for patient education about general background information. These could be employed prior to patient-physician dialogue and so enable physicians to focus on more sensitive subjects, such as prognosis with standard therapy.
Demethylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor as a biomarker for nascent smokers.

Epigenetic modifications to peripheral white blood cell DNA occur in response to a wide variety of exposures. In prior work, we and others have shown that broad changes in DNA methylation, particularly at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) locus, occur in samples from subjects with long histories of smoking. However, given the large number of epigenetic changes that occur in response to prolonged smoking, the primacy of the response at AHRR and the sensitivity of these changes to low levels of smoking are not known. Therefore, we examined the association of smoking to genome lymphocyte DNA methylation status in a representative sample of 399 African American youths living in the rural South that includes 72 subjects with less than one half-pack year of exposure. Consistent with our prior findings, we found a stepwise effect of smoking on DNA methylation among youth with relatively brief exposure histories at a CpG residue in AHRR (cg05575921) (FDR corrected p values; 3 × 10−7 and 0.09 in the m...
Chemotactic factor-induced release of membrane calcium in rabbit neutrophils

The interaction of chemotactic factors (fMet-Leu-Phe and C5a) with rabbit neutrophils leads to rapid and specific release of membrane calcium, as evidenced by changes in the fluorescence of cell-associated chlorotetracycline. These two structurally different stimuli appear to interact with the same pool of membrane calcium.
Complement regulatory proteins and selective vulnerability of neurons to lysis on exposure to acetylcholinesterase antibody.

Abstract Systemic injection of antibodies against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) induces complement-mediated destruction of preganglionic nerve terminals in paravertebral sympathetic ganglia, but spares other AChE-rich structures, such as nerve terminals in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia, parasympathetic ganglia, and the neuromuscular junction. This pattern of differing sensitivity to “AChE immunolesion” might be explained by a differing expression of proteins that serve to protect host cells from complement activation. Two major complement regulatory proteins in rats are Crry, which interferes with the assembly of C3 convertase, and CD59, which blocks formation of the terminal cytolytic membrane attack complex. The present study used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate an inverse relation between levels of CD59 and Crry expression and sensitivity to AChE immunolesion in several AChE-rich targets. Thus, the most sensitive structures, i.e., preganglionic nerve terminals in the adrenal gland and superior cervical ganglion (SCG), expressed undetectable levels of CD59 and Crry immunoreactivities. By contrast, AChE-rich, but antibody-resistant, cholinergic nerve terminals in the inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG) and diaphragm muscle expressed significant amounts of CD59 and Crry. Such expression was functionally important because, after membrane-anchored CD59 was removed from explanted IMG with phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, exposure to AChE antibody and complement caused greater immunolesion. It was concluded that differential expression of regulatory proteins in different parts of the nervous system influences regional vulnerability to complement mediated damage.
Effects of gating and contact geometry on current through conjugated molecules covalently bonded to electrodes

We study the effects of gating and contact geometry on current through self-assembled monolayers of conjugated molecules strongly coupled to gold electrodes by sulfur ``anchor groups.'' The current changes by more than an order of magnitude depending on the angle between the axis of the benzene-dithiolate molecules and the normal to the electrode on the less coordinated ``top site'' position. The effect of gating is also much stronger in this case compared to higher coordinated ``hollow site'' binding of the molecule on a Au(111) surface. The large hybridization of the molecular states with electrode states for the hollow site leads to practically ohmic current-voltage characteristics. Changes in molecule-electrode geometry accompanying the gating of the self-assembled monolayer may be the reason for strong changes of the conductance.
A 5-20 GHz, low power FPGA implemented by SiGe HBT BiCMOS technology

A high speed, low power FPGA design is presented in this paper. This gigahertz FPGA design has an improved XC6200 structure. Redundant multiplexers are eliminated from critical signal path to enhance the performance of the previous design. By balancing between the power consumption and performance, the simulated clock rate is from 5 GHz to 20 GHz and the power consumption is from 4 mW to 12 mW per single cell in the IBM 7HP SiGe HBT BiCMOS process.
Winter Storm and Tropical Cyclone Impacts on the Short-Term Evolution of Beaches and Barriers along the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico

Here we present data indicating the complexity and highly variable response of barrier islands and beaches to the impacts of tropical cyclones and winter storms along the northern Gulf of Mexico. Data indicate that (1) barrier islands can conserve mass during catastrophic hurricanes; (2) less severe hurricanes and tropical storms can promote rapid dune aggradation and contribute sediment to the entire barrier system; (3) cold fronts play a critical role in the post-storm adjustment of the barrier by deflating the subaerial portion of the overwash terrace and eroding its marginal lobe along the bayside beach through locally generated, high frequency, steep waves; and (4) barrier systems along the northern Gulf do not necessarily enter an immediate post-storm recovery phase, although nested in sediment-rich nearshore environments. The fluid mud environment off west Louisiana coast plays a significant role in damping wave energy associated with tropical cyclones. However, no significant surge attenuation appears apparent. It is anticipated that these findings will have important implications for the longer-term evolution of coastal systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Photoabsorption cross section of CH3CN: Photodissociation rates by solar flux and interstellar radiation

The photoabsorption cross section of CH2CN vapor was measured in the 106-180 nm region using synchrotron radiation as a light source. The cross section and the quantum yield for the production of CN (A, B-X) fluorescence were measured and were used to infer the photodissociation cross section of CH3CN. The cross sections were used to calculate the photodissociation rates of CH3CN by the solar flux and by the interstellar radiation. In both the stratosphere and the troposphere, the solar photodissociation of CH3CN is negligible in comparison with chemical degradation.
Efficient program execution indexing

Execution indexing uniquely identifies a point in an execution. Desirable execution indices reveal correlations between points in an execution and establish correspondence between points across multiple executions. Therefore, execution indexing is essential for a wide variety of dynamic program analyses, for example, it can be used to organize program profiles; it can precisely identify the point in a re-execution that corresponds to a given point in an original execution and thus facilitate debugging or dynamic instrumentation. In this paper, we formally define the concept of execution index and propose an indexing scheme based on execution structure and program state. We present a highly optimized online implementation of the technique. We also perform a client study, which targets producing a failure inducing schedule for a data race by verifying the two alternative happens-before orderings of a racing pair. Indexing is used to precisely locate corresponding points across multiple executions in the presence of non-determinism so that no heavyweight tracing/replay system is needed.
Dynamic response of human foot and ankle system to vertical vibration

The transmissibility and the phase shift of the foot and ankle system (FAS) under the vertical sinusoidal vibration were studied as a function of the applied load. It was found that the increase of the applied load leads to the increase of the observed resonant frequency and stiffness of the system case.
Multichip thin-film technology for low temperature packaging (CCD image sensors)

An advanced astrometric sensor array (AASA) of charge coupled device (CCD) chips has been constructed using hybrid multichip packaging technology for operation at -140 degrees C. Precise alignment of the CCD chips, long-term thermal cycling between 25 degrees C and -140 degrees C, and electrical signal coupling were challenges in the construction of the AASA. A series of AASA prototypes was fabricated with various epoxies, circuitry layouts, and substrate thicknesses in order to obtain materials, fabrication processes, and a structure suitable for construction of the AASA. A silicon template was fabricated by anisotropic etching and used to align the CCD sensors. The AASA samples were evaluated by thermal cycling (27 degrees C to -138 degrees C) and die shear tests. Computer modeling was used for thermal stress analysis of the mechanical behavior of the AASA as a function of temperature. The coupled noise between long parallel lines (1.5 cm) on the AASA was investigated by circuit simulation and experimental measurements. The experimental and modeling results are presented. >
Effect of Microstructure in Cellular Solids: Bending vs. Stretch Dominated Topologies

Rapid advance in additive manufacturing techniques promises that, in the near future, the fabrication of functional cellular structures will be achieved with desired cellular microstructures tailored to specific application in mind. In this perspective, it is essential to develop a detailed understanding of the relationship between mechanical response and cellular microstructure. The present study reports on the results of a series of computational experiments that explore the effect cellular topology and microstructural irregularity (or non-periodicity) on overall mechanical response of cellular solids. Compressive response of various 2D topologies such as honeycombs, stochastic Voronoi foams as well as tetragonal and triangular lattice structures have been investigated as functions of quantitative irregularity parameters.
Integrating Robustness Into ST-5 Nano-Satellite Development For Inexpensive Space Missions

This paper presents an initial investigation into the cost reduction for multiple production runs of nano-satellites while maintaining high-quality standards. The objective is to reduce the recurring costs significantly. Nano-satellite design and manufacturing is an important issue in less expensive space missions. NASA has set strategic plans for technological development of small satellites, of which the Space Technology 5 nano-satellites development is one. It involves developing 10 to 20 kg-class spacecraft and operating them in multi-spacecraft science missions. The vision is to fly tens to hundreds of nano-satellites in a constellation to make multiple remote and in-situ measurements simultaneously in space. Thus, we can revolutionize the scientific investigations of key physical processes explored by NASA Space Science and Earth Science Enterprises.
ΔNp63α Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Motility through the Selective Activation of Components of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Program

Cell identity signals influence the invasive capability of tumor cells, as demonstrated by the selection for programs of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during malignant progression. Breast cancer cells retain canonical epithelial traits and invade collectively as cohesive groups of cells, but the signaling pathways critical to their invasive capabilities are still incompletely understood. Here we report that the transcription factor ΔNp63α drives the migration of basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells by inducing a hybrid mesenchymal/epithelial state. Through a combination of expression analysis and functional testing across multiple BLBC cell populations, we determined that ΔNp63α induces migration by elevating the expression of the EMT program components Slug and Axl. Interestingly, ΔNp63α also increased the expression of miR-205, which can silence ZEB1/2 to prevent the loss of epithelial character caused by EMT induction. In clinical specimens, co-expression of various elements of the ΔNp63α pathway confirmed its implication in motility signaling in BLBC. We observed that activation of the ΔNp63α pathway occurred during the transition from noninvasive ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer. Notably, in an orthotopic tumor model, Slug expression was sufficient to induce collective invasion of E-cadherin-expressing BLBC cells. Together, our results illustrate how ΔNp63α can drive breast cancer cell invasion by selectively engaging promigratory components of the EMT program while, in parallel, still promoting the retention of epithelial character.
Reduced occurrence of tumor flare with flavopiridol followed by combined flavopiridol and lenalidomide in patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Flavopiridol and lenalidomide have activity in refractory CLL without immunosuppression or opportunistic infections seen with other therapies. We hypothesized that flavopiridol treatment could adequately de-bulk disease prior to lenalidomide therapy, decreasing the incidence of tumor flare with higher doses of lenalidomide. In this Phase I study, the maximum tolerated dose was not reached with treatment consisting of flavopiridol 30 mg m(-2) intravenous bolus (IVB) + 30 mg m(-2) continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) cycle (C) 1 day (D) 1 and 30 mg m(-2) IVB + 50 mg m(-2) CIVI C1 D8,15 and C2-8 D3,10,17 with lenalidomide 15 mg orally daily C2-8 D1-21. There was no unexpected toxicity seen, including no increased tumor lysis, tumor flare (even at higher doses of lenalidomide) or opportunistic infection. Significant clinical activity was demonstrated, with a 51% response rate in this group of heavily pretreated patients. Biomarker testing confirmed association of mitochondrial priming of the BH3 only peptide Puma with response.
How artificial intelligence has helped and hindered calibration

Calibration is one area of technology that shows early application of rudimentary artificial intelligence. Most applications are found in work called "Automation". Presented is an example from the early 1960s showing the steps then necessary to accomplish the result. The Automatic Standard Cell Comparator described achieved measurements with both resolution and repeatability of one part in 10/sup 7/. Unavailability of desktop computers or modern integrated circuits required building the needed functions into hardware and somewhat limited the results. Modern measuring instruments and calibrators' benefit from artificial intelligence algorithms that are used to optimize the measurement function internally and the external interface properties. Calibration of instruments or devices that use artificial intelligence requires evaluating the behavior over the full range of possible functions and needs full knowledge of device operation and capability.
The (Relative and Absolute) Subjective Value of Money

Money is often used as a proxy for utility in economic and psychological research. Monetary sums are easily calculated and compared, and money is a stimulus with which almost all people are familiar. Even so, hedonic responses to monetary gains and losses are relatively insensitive to the absolute size of those gains and losses, and the subjective utility of gains and losses is surprisingly labile. We propose that the difficulty of evaluating the value of money stems from the abstract nature of its value and nearly infinite range. As a result, money is not evaluated on a single monetary scale, but instead on subscales composed of comparison standards that are selected at the time of judgment. Using a dual-process account, we describe how such monetary subscales are generated and when they result in more or less sensitivity to its absolute value. We identify factors that influence sensitivity to the value of money and bias its evaluation. We close with a discussion of implications for science and practice.
Combining geometry and domain knowledge to interpret hand-drawn diagrams

One main challenge in building interpreters for hand-drawn sketches is the task of parsing a sketch to locate the individual symbols. Many existing pen-based systems avoid this problem by requiring the user to explicitly indicate the partitioning of the sketch with button clicks or pauses in drawing. We have created a parser that automatically locates symbols by looking for areas of high ink density, and for points at which the characteristics of the pen strokes change. To demonstrate our techniques, we have developed AC-SPARC, a sketch-based interface for the SPICE electric circuit analysis program. An evaluation of our interface has indicated that, even for novice users, our system can successfully locate and identify most of the circuit components in hand-drawn circuit diagrams.
Reph, a Regulator of Eph Receptor Expression in the Drosophila melanogaster Optic Lobe

Receptors of the Eph family of tyrosine kinases and their Ephrin ligands are involved in developmental processes as diverse as angiogenesis, axon guidance and cell migration. However, our understanding of the Eph signaling pathway is incomplete, and could benefit from an analysis by genetic methods. To this end, we performed a genetic modifier screen for mutations that affect Eph signaling in Drosophila melanogaster. Several dozen loci were identified on the basis of their suppression or enhancement of an eye defect induced by the ectopic expression of Ephrin during development; many of these mutant loci were found to disrupt visual system development. One modifier locus, reph (regulator of eph expression), was characterized in molecular detail and found to encode a putative nuclear protein that interacts genetically with Eph signaling pathway mutations. Reph is an autonomous regulator of Eph receptor expression, required for the graded expression of Eph protein and the establishment of an optic lobe axonal topographic map. These results reveal a novel component of the regulatory pathway controlling expression of eph and identify reph as a novel factor in the developing visual system.
〈110〉 symmetric tilt grain-boundary structures in fcc metals with low stacking-fault energies

Twenty-one {l_angle}110{r_angle} symmetric tilt grain boundaries (GB{close_quote}s) are investigated with atomistic simulations, using an embedded-atom method (EAM) potential for a low stacking-fault energy fcc metal. Lattice statics simulations with a large number of initial configurations are used to identify both the equilibrium and metastable structures at 0 K. The level of difficulty in finding the equilibrium structures is quantitatively assessed. The stability of the structures at an elevated temperature is investigated by Monte Carlo annealing. A form of GB dissociation is identified in a number of the boundaries. These structures are used to develop a dislocation model of GB dissociation by stacking-fault emission. Also, an attempt is made to apply the structural unit model (SUM) to the simulated boundaries and problems that are encountered for GB structures in low stacking-fault energy metals are enumerated and discussed. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
POS Tagging versus Classes in Language Modeling

Language models for speech recognition concentrate solely on recognizing the words that were spoken. In this paper, we advocate redefining the speech recognition problem so that its goal is to find both the best sequence of words and their POS tags, and thus incorporate POS tagging. The use of POS tags allows more sophisticated generalizations than are afforded by using a class-based approach. Furthermore, if we want to incorporate speech repair and intonational phrase modeling into the language model, using POS tags rather than classes gives better performance in this task.
Automatic calibration of modulated frequency synthesizers

This paper describes a new approach to the automatic calibration of modulated phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers. The new calibration approach tunes the response of the PLL while the synthesizer is in service and compensates for process and temperature variation. The availability of this new calibration method allows the use of precompensation techniques to achieve high data rate modulation of sigma-delta (/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) frequency synthesizers. The calibration method can be applied to Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK), Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation, and also M-ary FSK modulation. A low-frequency board level prototype has been constructed to validate the calibration approach.
Projected pathways and environmental impact of China's electrified passenger vehicles

Abstract China’s rapidly rising number of light-duty vehicles (LDVs) on the road is resulting in serious environmental, energy security, and health problems. This paper examines how electrified vehicles (EVs) can help reduce China’s energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the future. Here EVs include hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and battery electric vehicle (BEV). First, this study uses an Electricity Supply and Emissions Model to forecast the GHG emissions intensity factors of China’s electric grid under three renewable generation adoption scenarios. Then, it uses a China FLEET model to project the stock, energy demand, and GHG emissions of the LDV fleet for different scenarios out to 2050. Results show that there is significant potential for electrification to reduce the energy demand, oil dependence, and GHG emissions of the LDV fleet, because of the high efficiency of EVs, and especially BEVs. Compared to growing the renewable energy contribution to the electricity supply system, expanding EVs in the fleet can occur faster, provided that they become more attractive relative to conventional gasoline vehicles. To help China reverse the rising trajectory of CO2 emissions by 2030, the aggressive EV scenario and the more-renewables electricity scenario will likely be needed.
Coming Out to Family and Friends as Bisexually Identified Young Adult Women: A Discussion of Homophobia, Biphobia, and Heteronormativity

Although coming out is considered a crucial part of minority sexual identity development, research concerning bisexual women's coming out experiences is limited. Nevertheless, bisexual women encounter unique stigma and challenges that warrant specific attention. Seventeen young adult women participated in individual, open-ended qualitative interviews about their bisexual identity development. Our inductive thematic analysis of participants' coming out experiences and perspectives revealed important themes related to the unique aspects of coming out as young bisexual women. Themes included 1) the presence of both homophobia and biphobia, 2) the use of alternate identity terms to combat biphobia, 3) the preference to approach coming out in a casual manner, 4) the ability to pass as heterosexual or lesbian when it fits the situation, and 5) the resolute rejection of the disclosure imperative, among others. We discuss these findings in the context of gender, homophobia, biphobia, and heteronormativity.
Temperature and Humidity Effects on Ovipositional Rates, Fecundity, and Longevity of Adult Female Banks Grass Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Relationships between Banks grass mite (BGM), Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), population dynamics and temperature and humidity were studied at constant conditions of 25, 33, 36, and 39°C and high, medium, and low vapor pressure deficits (VPD). Preoviposition developmental rates were temperature-dependent but did not appear to be influenced by humidity. Developmental rate was predicted to be maximal near 37°C. Temperature also had the greatest influence on longevity. BGM lived longer at cooler temperatures. Life span was slightly affected by humidity only at high temperatures. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was influenced by temperature and humidity. At lower temperatures, rm was similar for the three VPD. However, at high temperatures, high VPD was optimal for population increase. At high temperatures, low VPD caused reduced survival rates as well as reduced ovipositional rates. The highest rm occurred at 36°C, high VPD. These data provide a possible explanation for the occurrence of BGM in areas that are characterized by warm, dry weather conditions
Ceramics and Polity in the Casas Grandes Area, Chihuahua, Mexico

The Medio period (ca. A.D. 1150–1475) at the primate center of Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, Mexico, is characterized by polychrome pottery with elaborate, finely painted designs. This originally was presumed to be the peak of an evolutionary sequence that began with coarse, simple decoration. New research and dating show that this was not the case. Instead, fine painting and an elaborate set of design motifs are added to the older, simpler style at about A.D. 1300. Both types of decoration are produced through the fourteenth century. The addition of the new style is coincident with the rise of Casas Grandes and was one part of a symbolic package that emphasized the prestige of the center. It is further argued that the collapse of the primate center in the fifteenth century saw the demise of its symbolism. The older and simpler part of the Medio period tradition, however, likely continued to be made at small, scattered post-Casas Grandes communities. These have been unrecognizable in surface surveys, as their sparse surface ceramic assemblages contain Medio period utilitarian wares. This has led to the supposition that the Casas Grandes area was abandoned after the fall of the primate center. This long-popular belief may be incorrect.
Recent advances in the treatment of sarcomas in gynecology

Uterine sarcomas are a heterologous group of rare malignancies accounting for 8-10% of all uterine malignancies, but are significantly more aggressive and have worse prognoses. Management of uterine sarcomas including leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma are reviewed here, with additional discussions regarding high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma and adenosarcoma. Uterine carcinosarcomas are currently staged and treated similar to high-grade epithelial endometrial carcinomas, thus will not be discussed in this review. Gemcitabine/docetaxel with adriamycin holds promise for the treatment of leiomyosarcoma, but currently, limited advancements have been made in discovering targeted therapies to these tumors. Continued translational research in both medical oncology and gynecologic oncology is necessary to forward the development of novel and targeted therapeutic agents in the treatment of sarcoma. Enrollment of these patients in clinical trials is encouraged, and will allow for the development of safer and more effective therapies.
Incorporating Fleet Assignment with Aircraft Allocation to Measure Fleet-Level Metrics

Studies of the environmental and economic impact of new aircraft requires both predictions of the new aircraft’s performance and a representation of how airlines will use the new aircraft as part of their fleets. Aircraft allocation and fleet assignment allow the study of fleet-level metrics given new aircraft technologies or concepts, because these problems incorporate the new aircraft / technology into the existing fleet and find the optimal use of all available aircraft, which represents the decision making of the airline. However, to run meaningful studies that require varying different parameters and examining different scenarios, the allocation or assignment problem must be solved quickly and also represent real-world airline behavior as well as possible. Furthermore, work done to date has used various assumptions and abstractions to simplify the problem. Examining different ways to formulate this problem as an aircraft allocation problem, a fleet assignment problem, an airline scheduling problem, or possibly a hybrid formulation of all three, will lead to a formulation to best mimic the airline decision making process. The formulation and decision making model will find the optimal use of new and old aircraft to assess the fleet-level impact of new aircraft concepts and technologies and allow meaningful fleet-level studies and analyses to properly measure and assess the full environmental and economic impact of new aircraft concepts and technologies.
The Effects of Linoleate and Acetate on the Growth and Lipid Composition of Mycelium of Agaricus bisporus

The growth and lipid metabolism of the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus was investigated. A 30% stimulation of mycelial growth was observed upon the addition of very small amounts of sodium acetate or...
Monitoring on Drinking Water in Guangyuan City from 2007 to 2011

Objective To analyze and grasp the current hygienic condition of drinking water in Guangyuan city from 2007 to 2011,so as to provide scientific basis for supervision.Methods The drinking water samples were collected,detected and evaluated according to national standard and the data from 2007 to 2011 were analyzed.Results From 2007 to 2011,the qualified rates were yearly 87.06 %,81.94 %,60.00 %,37.35 % and 47.46 % respectively,with an average qualified rate of 63.51%.The indexes which were not compliant to the standard limit were E.coli,total coli-group,turbidity,manganese,iron,total number of colonies and total hardness.The qualified rate of centralized water supply,small centralized water supply,non-centralized water supply was 80.36%,73.33% and 23.73% respectively.Statistical difference was found between the qualified rate of water supply modes(χ2=63.594,P0.01).No statistical difference was found between the qualified rate of dry season(69.62%) and rate of rainy season(60.43%)(χ2=2.756,P0.05).Conclusion The total qualified rate of drinking water in Guangyuan city stay at low level,both pertinent supervision and communication among departments should be intensified to elevate the qualified rate of drinking water.The water quality of centralized water supply and small centralized water supply are both better than that of non-centralized water supply.
Design of Reverse Device of Manual Operation Based on Self-locking Worm Drive

Because of the high transmission ratio,smooth,low noise,compact structure and a unique self-locking performance of the worm drive,it is widely used in all kinds of one-way transmission mechanism in the research and development and design of electromechanical device. But the electromechanical device unable resetting was made by its self-locking performance through manual reverse operation in de-energized state at the same time,which result the temporary"paralysis"of the machine. The efficiency of the machine was greatly reduced in the use of the equipment. Therefore,aiming at the irreversibility of the self-locking performance on the basis of the worm drive,relative research has been carried out to develop a friction drive device which can be operated by manual return trace in de-energized state.
Inference in the Hierarchical Credibility Model

The problem of credibility estimation can be approached from a number of different directions (Gerber, 1982), but in most cases the authors stop with the determination of point estimators. Yet an investigator would also want some information about the error structure of these estimators. Variances of the estimators in an empirical Bayes setting for the basic model (Buhlmann and Straub, 1972) when the model variance is known are developed by Morris (1983a,b). Similar results with all variances unknown are developed by Klugman (1985b). Distributions for use in hypothesis tests are given in most linear models texts (e.g., Graybill, 1961). They are summarized for credibility models by Klugman (1985a).
“Like Rum in the Punch”: The Quest for Cultural Democracy

The aim of this chapter is to offer a critically insightful examination of the lecture series as it relates to Locke’s overall philosophy. Four crucial aspects of Locke’s philosophy are considered: critical pragmatism, Inter-American philosophy, philosophy of race, and cultural democracy. It is argued that in many respects the lecture series represents the culmination of Locke’s philosophy, and in others they demonstrate the maturation and refinement of his views. Various elements of Locke’s philosophy are synthesized in an effort to explain how he understands the notion of racial contributions to American cultures. In the end it is argued that the overall trajectory of Locke’s philosophy is toward an integrated view of American cultures one that incorporates various racial and ethnic elements into a pluralistic and cosmopolitan democratic culture.
A importação de maquinário de açúcar para debelar a crise do açúcar na Bahia no período de 1875 - 1914

A construcao de fabricas centrais de acucar na Bahia (1880-1914) utilizando-se da importacao do maquinario de processamento foi uma medida tomada para resolver a crise do acucar na Provincia, pela troca de um sistema do engenho com trabalho escravo para a fabrica com trabalho assalariado. A iniciativa foi bem sucedida em criar uma cadeia de commodities ligando os trabalhadores empobrecidos das usinas da Bahia com a classe trabalhadora tradicional em Paris, Lille, Glasgow e Liverpool. A producao de acucar da Bahia aumentou marcadamente, fosse vendida nos mercados protegidos do Centro-Sul do Brasil.
Mindfulness and Meditation Training

This chapter reviews evidence that practicing meditation positively impacts attention. Functional and structural enhancements in parts of the salience and executive networks are described. At the behavioral level, the effect of meditation on tasks of controlled attention (such as Stroop and go/no-go tasks) is found to be about 0.4 SD; a similar effect is noted on sustained attention; there are also consistent effects on different aspects of nonjudgmental alerting (such as attentional blink and error processing), with an effect size of 0.65 SD for attentional blink studies. Meditation also lowers perceptual thresholds. Dose–response relationship studies underscore the importance of frequency or amount of recent meditation practice rather than accumulated hours of practice.
Prospects of A and Z identification experiments at LBNL

The identification of six new elements within the last 15 years and with proton numbers, Z = 113–118 has transformed the heavy element field. However, one key piece of information on these nuclei remains unmeasured: their proton and mass numbers, A . At Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the heavy element group has undertaken a program to study these new elements to perform experiments aimed at measuring the Z and A .Here, an overview of recent experiments aimed towards identifying the Z of SHE, and the prospects for Z and A identification experiments at LBNL are presented.
Epidemiology of Endometrial Carcinoma: Etiologic Importance of Hormonal and Metabolic Influences

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed nations, and the annual incidence is projected to increase, secondary to the high prevalence of obesity, a strong endometrial carcinoma risk factor. Although endometrial carcinomas are etiologically, biologically, and clinically diverse, hormonal and metabolic mechanisms are particularly strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of endometrioid carcinoma, the numerically predominant subtype. The centrality of hormonal and metabolic disturbances in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, combined with its slow development from well-characterized precursors in most cases, offers a substantial opportunity to reduce endometrial carcinoma mortality through early detection, lifestyle modification, and chemoprevention. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology of endometrial carcinoma, emphasizing theories that link risk factors for these tumors to hormonal and metabolic mechanisms. Future translational research opportunities related to prevention are discussed.
Effect of waveguide impedance and sidelobe suppression on radiation beampatterns in underwater acoustic leaky wave antennas

Acoustic leaky wave antennas are analog devices that allow for a single transducer to radiate a directional acoustic field, where the transmission direction is frequency-dependent. This paper discusses how to adapt previously studied in-air acoustic leaky wave antenna designs for use underwater, where there is a lower impedance contrast between the antenna and the surrounding medium. We also show how changing the radiation impedance of the leaky waveguide affects the resulting beampattern of the radiated pressure field, allowing for precise tuning of the beampattern.
Democracy, Political Markets, Socio-Political Responsibility and Accountability

We now turn our attention to examine social responsibility and accountability of the decision-making core by relating rent-seeking and resource seeking in the democratic decision-making system. To relate the rent-seeking phenomenon to domestic socio-political accountability, we may explore some essential characteristics of the political process under two social regimes in a democratic decision-choice system: one with a political market and the other without for which accountability is to be examined. We shall also examine the resource seeking phenomenon to international socio-political accountability and responsibility in the global socio-political system of nations.
[64Cu]CuS nanoparticles as a dual PET/CT and photoacoustic imaging agent for sentinel lymph nodes mapping

1506 Objectives Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy plays an important role in the management of cancers patients. With the increasing use of PET/CT, developing a specific lymph node imaging agent for PET would be advantageous. The chelator-free [64Cu]CuS nanoparticles ([64Cu]CuS NPs) is a new class of nanomaterials with small size (~11 nm), high stability, low toxicity, and unique optical property with tunable and strong absorption in the near-infrared region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate [64Cu]CuS NPs as a potential dual modality imaging agent for SLN mapping with PET and photoacoustic tomography (PAT). Methods [64Cu]CuS NPs were synthesis as described previously (Zhou et al., JACS, 2010). Fourteen Sprague Dawley rats each received subcutaneous injection of [64Cu]CuS NPs ( 200~250 µCi/rat) through the right front paw. µPET/CT images were acquired 24 hrs after nanoparticles injection. Rats were killed immediately after µPET/CT imaging, SLNs and organs were removed for biodistribution, autoradiograph, histology, and copper stain. Both sides of axilla from 6 rats were also used for ex vivo PAT imaging study. Results SLNs in the right axilla were accurate imaged by µPET and PAT. No signals were detected for lymph nodes on the left side. Imaging results were consistent with the distribution of [64Cu]CuS NPs to the sentinel lymph nodes as confirmed by copper staining, autoradiography, and microscopic examinations. Conclusions [64Cu]CuS NPs is a promising SLN imaging agent for both PET/CT and PAT