cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An unexpected paradox: wall shear stress in the aorta is less in patients with severe atherosclerosis regardless of obesity.

Abstract Background Obesity is a widespread condition that is more prevalent in Western countries compared to others. Aortic atherosclerosis (AA) is a condition that frequently has been associated with obesity. An obesity paradox, where morbidly obese decedents had either no or minimal AA compared to nonobese decedents, recently has been described by some of us. The explanation for this almost counterintuitive paradox has yet to be determined, but a number of hypotheses were advanced, including hemodynamic factors producing aortic wall shear stress (WSS). The purpose of the present study was to determine if there was a relationship between AA and WSS, as determined by postmortem measurement of aortic wall diameters. Methods Circumferences of the aorta at the levels of the ascending, thoracic and abdominal aorta were measured in 274 consecutive autopsies over 2-year period of time. AA was assessed using a previously described grading scale as either mild or severe. Circumferences were mathematically converted to diameters and WSS was calculated using the Hagen-Poiseuille formula. Two different methods to estimate cardiac output were used, both based on literature methods, one of which was body mass index (BMI) dependent, and the other BMI independent. Univariate and multivariable analyses of the relationship between WSS, age, BMI, gender, race and severity of AA were performed. Results Of the 274 decedents, 140 had mild and 134 had moderate to severe AA. BMI Conclusions Our data demonstrate that WSS was unexpectedly lower in decedents with moderate and severe AA as compared to those with mild AA. This observation, which requires further investigations, was seen in all BMI ranges and was confirmed by 2 methods to calculate WSS.
Enhanced epithelial sodium channel activity in neonatal Scnn1b mouse lung attenuates high oxygen-induced lung injury.

Prolonged oxygen therapy leads to oxidative stress, epithelial dysfunction, and acute lung injury in preterm infants and adults. Heterozygous Scnn1b mice, which overexpress lung epithelial sodium c...
TSABL: Trait Specific Annotation Based Locus Predictor

The majority of GWAS loci fall in the non-coding genome, making causal variants difficult to identify and study. We hypothesized that the regulatory features underlying causal variants are biologically specific, identifiable from data, and that the regulatory architecture that influences one trait is distinct compared to biologically unrelated traits. To better characterize and identify these variants, we used publicly available GWAS loci and genomic annotations to build 17 Trait Specific Annotation Based Locus (TSABL) predictors to identify differences between GWAS loci associated with different phenotypic trait groups. We used a penalized binomial logistic regression model to select trait relevant annotations and tested all models on a holdout set of loci not used for training in any trait. We were able to successfully build models for autoimmune, electrocardiogram, lipid, platelet, red blood cell, and white blood cell trait groups. We used these models both to prioritize variants in existing loci and to identify new genomic regions of interest. We found that TSABL models identified biologically relevant regulatory features, and anticipate their future use to enhance the design and interpretation of genetic studies.
FAITH IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: THE EMERGENCE OF RELIGION IN THE POLITICS OF AN INNER LONDON BOROUGH 1975-2006

This paper examines the impact religious affiliation and faith commitment exerts on the political life of one inner-London borough. It gives a historical sketch of the interaction of faith and politics in the period from about 1975-2006 and attempts some explanation of the patterns of voting in local elections and political involvement by members of the many faith communities which are found in the borough. The key to this is seen in the changing urban ecology of the area and the communal interests of particular ethno-religious groups who have striven and, to a measure, succeeded in gaining representation in local politics over this period. Drawing on many years participation observation, an analysis of the religious and community affiliations of elected members, and a series of interviews with Councillors and faith leaders, it reflects political issues and conflicts involving faith communities. Evidence will be presented which suggests that while many Christians involved in politics are primarily motivated individually by beliefs and values which centre on service to the whole community, politicians from other faith communities are more likely to be cast in a role as communal representatives and advocates of particular sections of the community.
Existential and Spiritual Issues in Death Attitudes

Contents: Preface. E. Spinelli, Foreword. R.A. Neimeyer, Introduction. Part I: Theoretical and Methodological Positions. A. Tomer, G. Eliason, Existentialism and Death Attitudes. M. Mikulincer, V. Florian, The Complex and Multifaceted Nature of the Fear of Personal Death: The Multidimensional Model of Victor Florian. P.T.P. Wong, Meaning Management Theory and Death Acceptance. Part II: Research. J. Hart, J.L. Goldenberg, A Terror Management Perspective on Spirituality and the Problem of the Body. V.G. Cicirelli, End-of-Life Decisions: Research Findings and Implications. M. Ardelt, Wisdom, Religiosity, Purpose in Life, and Death Attitudes of Aging Adults. A. Tomer, G. Eliason, Regret and Death Attitudes. W. Dobson, P.T.P. Wong, Women Living With HIV: The Role of Meaning and Spirituality. D. Ivoncavich, P.T.P. Wong, The Role of Existential & Spiritual Coping in Anticipatory Grief. G. Nouel, Construction of Meaning in the Face of Mortality. J.A. Thorson, A.M. Laughlin, The Dark Night of the Soul. Part III: Applications. I. Orbach, Existentialism and Suicide. M.B. Mannarino, G. Eliason, J. Rubin, Regret Therapy: Coping With Death and End of Life Issues. C. Morrant, J. Catlett, Separation Theory and Voice Therapy: Philosophical Underpinnings and Applications to Death Anxiety Across the Life Span. P.T.P. Wong, Transformation of Grief Through Meaning: Meaning-Centered Counseling for Bereavement. D.M. Gibson, Making Meaning of Infertility and Death Through the Use of Spirituality and Growth-Fostering Relationships in Counseling. G. Eliason, M. Lepore, R. Myer, The Evolution of Grief Counseling. A. Tomer, G. Eliason, P.T.P. Wong, Conclusion.
Nonrandom induction of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts in ultraviolet-irradiated human chromatin

Radioimmunoassays that detect pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts and cyclobutane dimers were used to determine the relative induction of these photoproducts in nucleosomal (core) and internucleosomal (linker) DNA in human cell chromatin irradiated with UV light. Cyclobutane dimers were formed in equal amounts/nucleotide in core and linker DNA, whereas (6-4) photoproducts occurred with 6-fold greater frequency/nucleotide in linker DNA.
Feasibility study of TOF-SIMS surface measurement for Aluminum bond pad fluorine contamination

This paper elucidates the importance of ion-yield enhancement through primary-ion bombardment in ultra-high surface sensitive Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) measurements of Aluminum bond pad fluorine contamination. A good correlation is achieved, R2 of 0.97, with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) that is commonly used for bond pad surface contamination quantification.
TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS BACTERIOPHAGE SP3. II. IN VIVO COMPLEMENTATION STUDIES.

Nishihara, Mutsuko (University of California, Los Angeles), and W. R. Romig. Temperature-sensitive mutants of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP3. II. In vivo complementation studies. J. Bacteriol. 88:1230–1239. 1964.—A plate-spotting procedure was used in initial attempts to group the temperature-sensitive Bacillus subtilis phage SP3 mutants by complementation. The results obtained did not show any clear patterns of reactions among the mutants. Crosses were, therefore, repeated in broth at a temperature of 49 C, which greatly reduced the extent of replication of each mutant type alone. The data on mixed infections indicated that there was a minimum of six complementation groups. Of the 12 isolates, 7 did not seem to complement with each other; the rest complemented with each other and with the seven noncomplementing mutants. There was a positive correlation between the complementation reaction of a pair and the recovery of wild-phenotype phages from a 49 C broth lysate. The relative proportion of phages capable of forming wild-phenotype plaques on plates incubated at 46 C to the total number of plaque-forming units was higher in a lysate of a mixed infection with two mutants than in lysates of each mutant alone. Moreover, this frequency was higher for a mixed lysate made at 49 C than for a lysate of the same two mutants made at 37 C. These observations suggested that genetic recombination might occur at 49 C, and that the increased recovery of wild-phenotype phages in lysates made at this temperature might be due to a selective advantage for these phages. Recombination experiments at 37 C with some complementing pairs gave frequencies of 2.0 to 4.8%. The ratio of wild-phenotype revertants to total phages in the stock lysates used for these crosses at 37 C was less than 10−6. The noncomplementing mutants were not conclusively shown to be nonidentical.
Isolation of novel microsatellites for the howler monkey bot fly

The bot fly Cuterebra baeri is a host-specific parasite of howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.). To explore relationships between populations of these taxa on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we developed 22 microsatellite loci for C. baeri. Twelve of these loci were polymorphic; the mean number of alleles per locus was 3.73 ± 0.3 (range = 2–5), with a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.428 ± 0.052 (range = 0.067–0.683). Overall, variability among the 61 larvae sampled was low, perhaps reflecting the isolation of this island population. Analyses of a subset of these individuals revealed that C. baeri larvae parasitizing the same howler monkey were more closely related to each other than were larvae from different monkeys. Future studies will use these loci to explore such host-parasite relationships in greater detail.
History of the Department of Surgery at Baylor University Medical Center.

Dallas, Texas, was founded in 1841 by John Neely Bryan on the east bank of the Trinity River (1). In 1842 he married Margaret Bryan (Figure ​(Figure11). He was 33 years old and she was 18. Mr. Bryan had earlier been in Arkansas and wandered into Texas as early as 1839. It was not until 1844 that a surveyor laid out lots of one-half mile by one-half mile. He advertised the town but after 7 years had sold only 86 lots. Mr. Bryan left for the California gold fields in 1849. He returned to Dallas in 1851 and in 1852 sold his townsite real estate to Alexander Cockrell for $7000 (2). During his lifetime he sold most of his land at relatively cheap prices and thus did not profit from his real estate. Figure 1 John Neely Bryan, founder of the city of Dallas, with wife, Margaret. From the collections of the Texas/Dal las History and Archives Division, Dallas Public Library. In 1842, Dr. Calder became the area's first physician. He settled at Cedar Springs and was killed by Indians the following year in Collin County. In May 1843, Dr. John Cole, originally from Virginia, moved to Dallas from Fayetteville, Arkansas. Cole Avenue, the street where he practiced, was named for him in 1882 following his death in 1850. Early physicians often had other jobs, mostly as farmers, as Dr. Cole had been. There was no surgical specialty since all physicians were known as physicians and surgeons. There were no hospitals, and physicians might ride a horse several miles to get to their patients. The Republic of Texas had already passed a law creating a Board of Medical Censors on December 14, 1837. The board met annually to evaluate credentials and reputations of physicians (3). Four years after Dallas was founded, Texas became the 28th state under the governorship of Sam Houston. The following year, 1846, Dallas was named temporary seat of Dallas County, which was named for Vice President George Mifflin Dallas. The city was not officially incorporated until 1856.
Shifting epistemologies: examining student understanding of new models of knowledge and learning

New models of teaching and learning designed to address the demands of 21st century education require shifts in classroom norms and practices. This paper examines a group of students and teachers who implemented the Knowledge Forum model (Scardamalia, 2004) over the course of two years. Interviews with the students are used to assess three epistemological changes identified as critical in the Knowledge Forum model: a shift from teacher-directed activities to student epistemic agency, a shift from right and wrong answers to the notion of improvable ideas, and a shift from individual to community knowledge and collective responsibility. There are indications that shifts are indeed taking place in students' views toward their own agency in the learning process, the dynamic nature of knowledge, and the importance of community. The work also identifies challenges faced by teachers in implementing new models of learning that can inform teacher pedagogy.
Commissioning strategies and methods

Accelerator beam commissioning is a challenging and exciting period. It is generally the first integrated operation of the many systems in an accelerator and, most importantly, of the beam. First, general preparation is discussed. Then general methods for initial beam commissioning are described, including methods for transverse and longitudinal beam set-up. The particular emphasis here is on tuning methods for linear accelerators.
Messiah College's Mobile Mentor: energizing pre-college students

Messiah's Mobile Mentor [MMM] is an educational program designed to generate student interest in the mathematical, engineering, and scientific fields of studies. Specifically, this program contains a number of experiments and demonstrations presented to younger students (kindergarten through 12th grade) in their schools. The program is divided into five categories; mechanical, electrical, thermodynamic, chemical and environmental experiments/demonstrations. Three senior engineering students developed the format, designed the experiments and demonstrations, presented the program to three distinct age groups, and have provided feedback from both the students and teachers. The paper provides an overview of the program and the results of its first year of operation. Recommendations for improvements in the future are also made.
Potassium and Thallium Uptake in Dog Myocardium

We sought to ascertain the rates and mechanisms of uptake of markers for regional myocardial blood flows. Methods: The rates of exchange of potassium and thallium across capillary walls and cell membranes in isolated blood-perfused dog hearts were estimated from multiple indicator dilution curves recorded for 131 I-albumin, 42 K and 201 Tl from the coronary sinus outflow following injection into arterial inflow. Analysis involved fitting the observed dilution curves with a model composed of a capillary-interstitial fluid-cell exchange region and nonexchanging larger vessels. Results: Capillary permeability surface products (PS c ) for potassium and thallium were similar, 0.82 ± 0.33 (mean ± s.d., n = 19) and 0.87 ± 0.32 ml min -1 g -1 (n = 24) with a ratio for simultaneous pairs of 1.02 ± 0.27 (n = 19). For the myocardial cells, PS pc averaged 3.7 ± 3.1 ml min -1 g -1 (n = 19) for K + and 9.5 ± 3.9 (n = 24) for Tl + ; the ratio of potassium to thallium averaged 0.40 ± 0.19 (n = 18), thereby omitting a single high value for potassium. This high cellular influx for thallium is interpreted as due to its passage through ionic channels for both Na + and K + . Conclusion: The high permeabilities and large volumes of distribution make thallium and potassium among the best ionic deposition markers for regional flow. Their utility for this purpose is compromised by significant capillary barrier limitation retarding uptake; so regional flow is underestimated modestly in high-flow regions particularly.
Host Adaptability of Treponema Pallidum

ConclusionsA comparative study has been made between the infectivity of 2 groups of Treponema pallidum, 9 new and 4 older strains. The mean of incubation of the newer group varied from 30 to 44 days, while that of the older group varied from 24.75 to 33.85 days. Statistically, both groups appeared to be homogeneous in themselves and the incidence of takes for the newer strains was 64.9%, while that of the older strains 90.6%, a difference of 25.7%. These findings indicate adaptation of the organism to its new host and should be considered in all work in experimental syphilis.
Use of acridinium-ester-labeled DNA probes for identification of mycobacteria in Bactec 13A blood cultures

AccuProbe tests for mycobacteria (Gen-Probe) cannot be performed directly on Bactec 13A cultures because of interfering substances. This problem can be circumvented by subculturing to Bactec 12B media. Artifactual chemiluminescence greater than the positive cutoff was seen in 15 of 19 13A cultures containing Mycobacterium avium complex compared with 0 of 19 in 12B subcultures. Of the subcultures, 89% were tested after overnight incubation.
Interest Group Influence in Authoritarian States The Political Determinants of Chinese Exchange Rate Policy

Why do countries keep their exchange rates weak and undervalued? This article argues that domestic politics is more important than systemic factors, but existing domestic political explanations do ...
Frame dependence of parton cascade results

Frame dependence of parton cascade results is studied for different schemes of performing cascade simulations. We show that different schemes do not always agree and results may have strong frame dependence. When the interaction range is on the order of mean free path and the collisions are done in the two parton center-of-mass frame, the results are not sensitive to the global frame in which the collisions are ordered. Effects of different differential cross sections are also discussed. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
A rapid 2D time-resolved variable-rate k-space sampling MR technique for passive catheter tracking during endovascular procedures

A new, fast, 2D MR imaging technique allowing passive catheter visualization adequate for use as a tool for guiding the movement of a catheter during endovascular procedures is described. This imaging technique samples low spatial frequencies more often than high spatial frequencies; it also uses both k-space view sharing and temporal interpolation. Unlike other techniques for passive visualization that exploit magnetic-susceptibility-induced artifacts, we have adopted a strategy that takes advantage of the T1-shortening effect of paramagnetic contrast agents, such as Gd-DTPA and a projection dephaser. This not only permits visualization of the entire catheter length but also minimizes the risk of intravascular heating. Using this method, a temporal frame rate of up to eight images per second and a tip localization accuracy of +/- 1mm (root mean square difference) can be achieved.
Use of A Getter-Ion Type Pump with A Mass Spectrometer

A General Electric analytical mass spectrometer has been in use in this laboratory for the past eight years. During this period, most of the down-time experienced with the spectrometer has resulted from failure of the mercury diffusion pump. Such mishaps as burst water lines, broken glass boilers, and broken pump belts have caused the pump to fail often resulting in other damage to the spectrometer. The accumulative effect of pump failures together with associated mishaps have accounted for about 75% of the total down-time.
Comparison of Channel and Hyporheic Invertebrate Communities in a Southwestern USA Desert Stream

ABSTRACT We collected invertebrates seasonally from the channel surface and hyporheic zone of a perennial desert stream in central Arizona, U.S.A. Channel collections were made with a Hess sampler and hyporheic collections were taken with a vacuum bilge pump and sand-point probe. Diptera, Plecoptera, Nematoda and Cyclopoida comprised 86% of total annual abundance in the hyporheic zone, while Diptera and Trichoptera made up 85% of the total annual abundance in the channel. Pot samplers with two substratum sizes and chamber depths were also buried in the channel during the summer for comparison with Hess and sand-point probe collections. Densities of invertebrates in the channel surface were higher (3,400 animals/m2) than those of subchannel pots (528 animals/m2); however, pots collected 71 animals/L compared to 1.3 animals/L for sand-point probe collections with no significant difference (p >0.20) in selection for substratum size and depth. Hyporheic communities may be restricted in arid biomes and/or in r...
Pessimism in the profile : Estimating explanatory style from the MMPI

Regression equations are presented for converting the non-K-corrected raw scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) basic scales to an estimated optimism-pessimism score. This score describes an individual's explanatory style on a continuum from optimistic to pessimistic. These equations will enable clinicians and researchers to estimate an optimism-pessimism score if the MMPI item responses are not accessible or if computer scoring facilities for individual items are unavailable.
Anatomic Basis for Lymph Node Counts as Measure of Lymph Node Dissection Extent: A Cadaveric Study

Objective To determine the number, variability, and distribution of pelvic lymph nodes to better understand the utility of the node count as a surrogate for the dissection extent. Although pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer is critical for disease control and staging, debate regarding the measurement of dissection adequacy remains. Many have proposed minimum node counts, yet an anatomic study assessing the number and variability of lymph nodes in the PLND templates is lacking. Materials and Methods Super-extended PLND was performed on 26 human cadavers, and the lymph nodes within each of 12 dissection zones were enumerated by a single pathologist. We calculated the mean, standard deviation, and range of nodal yield within each dissection region. The super-extended and standard dissection templates were compared using the paired t test. Results Super-extended PLND yielded a mean of 28.5 ± 11.5 lymph nodes, with a total node count range of 10-53 nodes. In contrast, the nodal yield within the standard template was 18.3 ± 6.3 nodes, with a range of 8-28 nodes (P Conclusion Using a cadaveric model and a single pathologist to eliminate many of the factors affecting the nodal yield in surgical series, we found substantial interindividual differences, with counts ranging from 10 to 53 nodes. These results have demonstrated the limited utility of lymph node count as a surrogate for the dissection extent and illustrated the challenges associated with implementing a surgical standard for minimum lymph node counts.
Accelerator Beam Dosimetry

The phrase radiation dosimetry implies, from an etymological point of view, the measurement of radiation dose. In the broader sense of the phrase, radiation dosimetry also concerns itself with the estimation of energy deposited in an irradiated medium by the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. Both theoretical and applied radiation dosimetry have been treated adequately. A comprehensive knowledge of the physical interactions leading to excitation, ionization, and the production of delta-rays greatly aids in the understanding of radiation dosimetry. Secondary beams of charged particles are very common around high energy accelerators and each beam is generally well understood. An example might be a 10 GeV/c (+- 4 percent) beam of pions with a flux density of 10 particles/cm/sup 2/-sec and with a beam spot size of about 1 cm/sup 2/ that falls off radially in a Gaussian fashion. The contamination of the pion beam by electrons, muons, etc., might also be known. With all this information it is rather straightforward to evaluate the dose rate in the beam. Dose rate measurements using ion chambers, for example, might yield results in disagreement with these calculations, and many times it is due to the fact that the energy escaping the detectormore » is not correctly accounted for. The problem of charged particles losing energy by collision (i.e., excitation and ionization) is considered.« less
Geometric modeling of space-optimal unit-cell-based tissue engineering scaffolds

Tissue engineering involves regenerating damaged or malfunctioning organs using cells, biomolecules, and synthetic or natural scaffolds. Based on their intended roles, scaffolds can be injected as space-fillers or be preformed and implanted to provide mechanical support. Preformed scaffolds are biomimetic "trellis-like" structures which, on implantation and integration, act as tissue/organ surrogates. Customized, computer controlled, and reproducible preformed scaffolds can be fabricated using Computer Aided Design (CAD) techniques and rapid prototyping devices. A curved, monolithic construct with minimal surface area constitutes an efficient substrate geometry that promotes cell attachment, migration and proliferation. However, current CAD approaches do not provide such a biomorphic construct. We address this critical issue by presenting one of the very first physical realizations of minimal surfaces towards the construction of efficient unit-cell based tissue engineering scaffolds. Mask programmability, and optimal packing density of triply periodic minimal surfaces are used to construct the optimal pore geometry. Budgeted polygonization, and progressive minimal surface refinement facilitate the machinability of these surfaces. The efficient stress distributions, as deduced from the Finite Element simulations, favor the use of these scaffolds for orthopedic applications.
VCP and UGR Glare Evaluation Systems: A Look Back and a Way Forward

AbstractWe review the discomfort glare evaluation systems of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), Visual Comfort Probability (VCP), and that of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), Unified Glare Rating (UGR), as they apply to interior electric lighting. We provide an overview of the history and research behind them and an extensive bibliography.The current IESNA Handbook states that the VCP is very limited in applicability to modern lighting systems, and was validated for lensed fluorescent systems only. The CIE's UGR system has been shown to be a good predictor of human responses for lensed fluorescent systems. Recently, the CIE has proposed extensions to the UGR discomfort glare model, which are applicable to most modern lighting systems, including small, large, and complex systems. We provide a review of these extensions and the research behind them. There are many similarities between VCP and UGR and only minor differences, and so we recommend that research be ...
Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) reduces the dose to the contralateral breast when compared to conventional tangential fields for primary breast irradiation.

Purpose To determine the dose received by the contralateral breast during primary breast irradiation using IMRT compared to conventional tangential field techniques.
Mood congruent and incongruent psychotic depressions: Are they the same?

DSM-III and DSM-III-R instruct the clinician, if possible, to classify major depression with psychotic features into either the mood congruent (MC) or mood incongruent (MI) subtype. Patients hospitalized on a psychiatric unit for major depression with psychotic features were classified as predominantly MC or MI. The MC and MI groups did not differ significantly on a number of demographic or symptom severity variables. Thirteen (50%) MI patients experienced at least one MC symptom and 10 (71%) MC patients experienced at least one MI symptom. Overall, 25 (58%) of these patients experienced both MC and MI symptoms. This study demonstrates that subtyping psychotic depression into MC and MI subtypes is seldom an 'either-or' decision. Indeed, these results combined with findings from previous research suggests that there is no compelling scientific evidence for subclassifying psychotic depression into subtypes.
Effect of Frontal Gusts on Forward Flapping Flight

The response of a rigid flapping wing in forward flight, at Re = 10,000, subjected to frontal gusts has been investigated. The phasing and duration of the gusts and their impact on the various unsteady mechanisms are analyzed within a single flapping cycle. The gust is characterized by a step function with integral length scale much larger than that of the physical dimension of the micro air vehicle and with time scale much smaller than the flapping time period. The instantaneous lift and thrust profiles were observed to be influenced by a combination of the effective angle of attack, wing rotation, and the leading-edge vortex structures existing in the flow at any given time, with the leading-edge vortices themselves being influenced by the duration and magnitude of the change in effective angle of attack. Frontal gusts applied during the downstroke accelerated the development of the flow, resulting in the formation and detachment of multiple leading-edge vortices on the wing surface that increased the lift and thrust, illustrating the importance of the leading-edge vortex dynamics to force production. The effect of the gust is observed to be diminished when it occurs during rapid supination of the wing. The lift and thrust profiles are found to react in a similar fashion for gusts applied during the downstroke, whereas they experienced opposite effects during the upstroke. During the upstroke, force characteristics are shown to primarily react to effective angle-of-attack changes more than to changes in flow structures.
Automated peak alignment for nucleic acid capillary electrophoresis data by dynamic programming

Automated capillary electrophoresis represents a powerful approach for high-throughput analysis of nucleic acid chemical probing experiments. Correcting time variation and measuring similarity of time-series data are major challenges in the automated analysis, however. Here we describe an automated peak alignment algorithm that incorporates a dynamic programming approach to align multiple-peak time series profiles. A new peak similarity function and other algorithmic features make possible rapid peak alignment and highly accurate comparisons of complex time-series datasets.
Prognostic value of the computerized ECG in Hispanics

Background The prevalence and prognostic values of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in Hispanics have not been compared to other ethnicities in a large population. Despite a worse cardiovascular risk profile, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is lower in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics. Hypothesis We hypothesized that ECG abnormalities were less common in Hispanics and were not as strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality. Methods 45,563 ECGs ordered for usual clinical indications in a Veteran's hospital were available for analysis. 1,392 patients who died within one week of the ECG were excluded. Demographic characteristics were recorded and the population was followed for an average of 7.5 years using the California Death Index. The presence of baseline ECG characteristics were recorded and analyzed using the GE/Marquette computerized ECG system. Age, sex and heart rate adjusted Cox hazard ratio analyses were performed. Results Being Hispanic was associated with lower cardiovascular death, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.65–0.89). Findings such as atrial fibrillation, presence of Q-waves, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), upright T-waves in aortic valve replacement (aVR) and cardiac Infarction Injury Scores > 6 were significantly less prevalent in Hispanics than in non-Hispanics. These findings were similarly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in both groups, each with a HR of approximately 2. Conclusion The lower prevalence of ECG characteristics associated with coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy support prior observations that cardiovascular disease is less prevalent in the Hispanic population. These findings, however, are similarly associated with increased mortality compared to non-Hispanics. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LiCl-induced aversions to audiovisual cues as a function of response measure and CS—US interval

In four experiments using 312 adult albino rats, locomotor avoidance and suppression of drinking were used to monitor learned associations between spatial cues and injections of poison or saline. Rats injected with hypertonic LiCl or hypertonic NaCl immediately upon removal from one side of a two-compartment shuttlebox free of ingestible substances later showed locomotor avoidance of that side. Other animals that were identically trained and later offered novel fluids in either the compartment paired with injection or the compartment paired with noninjection did not differentially suppress drinking. When injections were isotonic, the NaCl-injected animals displayed neither ingestive nor locomotor aversions while the LiCl-injected animals showed a place-specific reluctance to drink before any locomotor avoidance appeared. When injections were administered 4 min after removal from the treatment-paired compartment, LiCl-injected rats developed discriminated suppression of drinking more rapidly than locomotor position preferences whereas NaCl-injected rats displayed no acquisition. Animals injected with LiCl or NaCl 4 min before being placed into the treatment-paired compartment showed no significant acquisition by either ingestive or locomotor measure. These interactions between type of test, nature and concentration of injected agent, and time of injection, not explicable in terms of different response thresholds for a single association, are interpreted as the consequence of hypertonically induced somatic pain associations formed at short CS—US intervals being prepotent to affect locomotor activity, and toxin-induced visceral pain associations formed at short or long CS—US intervals being prepotent to affect ingestive behavior. When both were potentially present with short interstimulus intervals, acute somatic pain apparently overshadowed visceral pain. Some implications of prepotent response systems for the manifestation of information about specific USs are considered in the light of recent failures of the stimulus equivalence hypothesis.
Occupational prestige from preference orientations via the Markov Chain: An alternative to respondent ranking techniques

Abstract This paper suggests a method of determining occupational prestige structures through simulation of transfer of credit processes involving the Markov Chain. The method required recording present and preferred occupations of a representative sample of employed persons. Following the example of Blau (1956) and Empey (1956) the concept “preferred occupation” is suggested as clearly distinct from occupational choice which has been treated by other researchers ( Musgrave 1967 ; Carol and Parry 1968 ; Kuvlesky and Bealer 1966 ; Haller and Sewell 1967 ; Solcum 1956 ; and Philband and Gregory 1956) . A series of Markov Chain interactions transforms the present-preferred occupation matrix, “controls” for structure limitations on ambitions and social distance, and generates a hierarchical model of occupational prestige structures. This paper examines the methodological and theoretical issues implicit in the measurement of prestige and the establishment of prestige hierarchies, and describes the procedures of the application of the Markov Chain to occupational preference responses. It reports the results of the application of this technique to a pilot sample and compares the resulting hierarchy with those derived from NORC measures and the Duncan socioeconomic index.
Distillation with nanoporous or coated hollow fibers

Abstract Distillation of methanol–ethanol solutions in a small column containing hollow fibers is independent of whether the fibers are nanoporous or covered with a thin, highly permeable coating. The hollow fibers do not provide selectivity but serve as a form of structured packing, so that the fluid mechanics in the column is not constrained by loading and flooding. The overall mass transfer coefficient based on a vapor side driving force and measured across the fibers is around 0.03 cm/s, the result of roughly equal mass transfer resistances in the condensate, the membrane, and the vapor. Further improvements in this form of distillation will require significant changes in module design, which reduce each of these three resistances.
Thalidomide: present and future in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma continues to be an incurable disease. The understanding of the disease's pathophysiology has significantly improved over the past few years, partly due to the discovery of the role of immunomodulatory agents and the study of their mechanism of action. Thalidomide, the first of the immunomodulatory family to be used in the management of multiple myeloma, proved not only to be effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma, but also instigated a wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies to define the pathophysiology of the plasma cell dyscrasia. The attention thalidomide has received in the past and recent history has not been without a price. The drug has a side-effect profile that, if managed appropriately, provides the most unique active molecule in the management of the disease, where it maintains the same response rate in newly diagnosed patients as in advanced relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients.
Diminished carbonyl reactivity, a biochemical abnormality in aminonucleoside-nephrotic rat skin α- and ß-collagen

Abstract Comparative study of chromatographically purified α- and s-collagen fractions of normal and aminonucleoside-nephrotic rat skin collagen reveals that both the rate and extent of reactivity of such fractions with the highly specific and sensitive carbonyl reagent, N-methyl-benzothiazolone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH), are diminished in skin collagen from the aminonucleoside-treated rats. Mechanistically this might be explained either by (a) an inhibitory effect of aminonucleoside on the initial step in the formation of a type of collagen cross-linking, involving enzymatically catalyzed oxidative deamination of the ϵ-amino group of lysyl and/or hydroxylysyl residues in the collagen chains to their respective semi-aldehyde residues; or (b) by direct interaction of aminonucleoside with the semi-aldehyde groups, thus effectively reducing their reactivity with MBTH. Elimination of the latter from consideration would seem to be indicated, however, by the absence of any of the identifying spectral characteristics of the aminonucleoside in skin α- and s-collagen of aminonucleoside-treated rats, as well as in spectra of exhaustively dialyzed normal rat skin α-collagen which had been incubated for several hours with aminonucleoside. Correlation of the diminished carbonyl reactivity with possible inhibitory effects of aminonucleoside on a specific skin lysyl oxidase activity has not yet been accomplished. Evidence suggesting in vitro inhibitory effects of aminonucleoside on thick embryo cartilage lysyl oxidase activity has been obtained, however, by a modified monoamine oxidase assay. Incubation of cartilage extracts, which contain lysyl oxidase activity (demonstrated by tritium release from [6- 3 H]-elastin substrate), with 10 −3 M aminonucleoside prior to assay, in a system utilizing lysine-vasopressin as a substrate, resulted in a considerable reduction in the production of hydrogen peroxide, measured by a sensitive fluorometric procedure.
Efficiency Of Information Transfer In Diagnostic Radiology

Pictorial information theory is restated in a form that predicts, with fair precision, the minimum radiation required to detect a given feature size in diagnostic radiology. In contrast to conventional approaches, the probability of detection is made a visible variable in the calculation--an aspect of prime importance for diagnostic interpretation. An accurate knowledge of the absorption coefficients of the tissue concerned and the sizes one wishes to detect is required, but the calculation is relatively easy to carry out with a programmable calculator or microcomputer. The concept of "viewing efficiency" is introduced to compare the performance of a real radiographic system with that of a perfect radiographic system. The theory is applied to mammography, where the viewing efficiencies of film, film/ screen combinations, and xeroradiography are compared. It is shown that a more efficient method for detecting the latent charge image in xeroradiography, coupled with digital data storage and appropriate viewing methods, should result in substantial reductions in exposure compared to the present toning methods.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An Evaluation of Dried Distillers Feedstuffs Fed to Chickens Throughout Their Life Cycle II. During the Early Reproduction Period

Abstract SYNOLD, Carrick, Roberts and Hauge (1943) and Schlamb and Winter (1948) and others have reviewed the literature on the feeding value of dried distillers feedstuffs in poultry rations. They reported that dried distillers solubles and distillers dried grains with solubles were good sources of water soluble vitamins, as well as supplying other nutrients and were of considerable economic importance as feedstuffs for poultry and livestock. Most of the feeding tests with dried distillers feedstuffs for poultry have been made with chick rations and covering only the first six to eight weeks of the growth period. A review of the literature has revealed only a few references in which dried distillers feedstuffs have been used in rations for egg production and hatchability. Sloan (1941) reported as good egg production and hatchability with a mash feed containing ten percent alfalfa leaf meal, 12.5 percent meat scraps and eight percent distillers dried grains . . .
CONDENSATION OF THE ROTATING TWO-DIMENSIONAL IDEAL BOSE GAS.

The two-dimensional ideal Bose gas in a circular container rotating at fixed rim velocity has some unexpected and instructive properties. In the thermodynamic limit, the system undergoes a phase transition, as argued by Widom. We find that the transition is a type of Bose-Einstein condensation, in which, however, infinitely many one-particle states are macroscopically occupied. The system evades general theorems forbidding Bose-Einstein condensation in two dimensions, not merely because it is inhomogeneous, as Widom suggests, but because the equilibrium density is unbounded near the circumference in the thermodynamic limit. We point out that, independently of the particular model, Bose-Einstein condensation into any single-particle state (or states), spatially uniform or nonuniform, is forbidden in one and two dimensions provided only that (a) the Hamiltonian is real, and (b) the equilibrium density is everywhere bounded in the thermodynamic limit.
Association of artery wall hypoxia and cellular proliferation at a vascular anastomosis.

Abstract Background. We hypothesize that arterial wall hypoxia incites the pathologic formation of intimal hyperplasia at an artery anastomosis. We have determined from previous studies performed in our laboratory, the oxygen tension profiles of the artery wall at various times after vascular anastomosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of cellular proliferation at an artery anastomosis when the artery wall is most hypoxic. Materials and methods. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts were placed end to end in the infrarenal aorta of 27 New Zealand white rabbits. The anastomotic aortic wall oxygen (O2) tensions were measured with an O2 microelectrode in rabbits 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after surgery. O2 tensions were also measured in 4 control rabbits for comparison. 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrDU) was injected intraperitoneally 24 h prior to rabbit sacrifice. After O2 tension measurements, the rabbits were sacrificed and the aortic grafts were harvested. Bioquant morphometrics was used to measure cells with BrDU counterstaining and intimal thickness in 17 rabbits: in control (n = 4), Day 0 (n = 4), 7 (n = 5), and 42 (n = 4). Student's t test was used to compare O2 tensions, cellular proliferation, and intimal hyperplasia between days. Results. The pO2 levels at the outer layers of the aorta, 1 mm distal to the distal aortic graft anastomosis, were 61.0 ± 2 (±SE) mm Hg for controls, 19.8 ± 1 mm Hg for Day 7 (P Conclusions. Cellular proliferation is highest at Day 7 when the artery wall is most hypoxic and returns to baseline as O2 tensions normalize.
Discrimination between Enantiomers of Structurally Related Molecules: Separation of Benzodiazepines by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

Molecular imprinting has been used to create synthetic receptor sites for a series of chiral benzodiazepines. A detailed HPLC analysis of binding properties using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as the stationary phase showed that binding, as measured by chromatographic retention, shows significant dependence on the chiral match or mismatch. In addition, the shape and spatial orientation of functionality of the imprinted binding site is also critical for recognition. Imprinted polymers, therefore, are not only able to discriminate between enantiomers of the imprinted molecule, they also demonstrate an ability to discriminate between a wide range of enantiomers of structurally related molecules that have not been imprinted. The ability of MIPs to discriminate between enantiomers of molecules in favor of the imprinted absolute configuration, even as the structural homology between the enantiomers and the original template decreases, indicates that the synthetic benzodiazepine receptors may serve as cr...
Is it quinine TTP/HUS or quinine TMA? ADAMTS13 levels and implications for therapy

Thrombocytopenia with or without microangiopathy following quinine is often referred to as quinine “hypersensitivity.” When schistocytes are present it is frequently termed “quinine-associated TTP/HUS.” A severe deficiency of the vWF-cleaving protease, ADAMTS13, is associated with idiopathic TTP. A previous study of patients with “quinine-associated TTP/HUS” found that ADAMTS13 activities were not abnormal in 12/12 patients. A retrospective review of TTP patients with quinine-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) for whom ADAMTS13 was measured before plasma exchange was performed. Six patients were identified. All were females (age range: 43 to 73, mean = 61.7 years) and had taken quinine for leg cramps. Four of the six experienced renal failure requiring dialysis. Five of the patients had D-Dimers levels measured, all were elevated. In four patients the levels were ≥18 times the upper limit of normal. ADAMTS13 was normal in four patients and mildly decreased in two patients. We conclude that while thrombocytopenia and schistocytosis can be seen in quinine-associated TTP/HUS, the pathophysiology seems to be distinct from that seen in most cases of idiopathic TTP (i.e., severely decreased ADAMTS13 with an inhibitor). We recommend that a TMA in association with quinine be consistently referred to as quinine-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (quinine-TMA) to better distinguish this entity from idiopathic TTP. The use of plasma exchange in quinine-TMA is called into question. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.