cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preweanling behavioral development in spontaneously hypertensive, borderline hypertensive, and wistar‐kyoto normotensive rats

Preweanling physical and behavioral development was studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), borderline hypertensive (BHR), and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive (WKY) rat pups. Measures of physical development included body weight, onset of various morphological landmarks, and speed of surface righting. Behavioral tests assessed locomotor development, exploratory behavior, and cliff avoidance in pups of the 3 groups. On all measures employed, SHR pups exhibited a delay in physical maturation compared to age-matched BHR and WKY pups. Results from the locomotor development test revealed that young WKY pups (ages 1-7 days) spent more time locomoting than SHR pups, with BHR times being intermediate. In contrast, older SHR pups (ages 17-30 days) displayed greater activity in an exploratory maze than WKY pups, with BHR values again intermediate. Finally, SHR pups were more behaviorally reactive in the cliff avoidance task compared to BHR and WKY pups. These group differences may be useful in understanding the development of genetic hypertension and may serve as early behavioral markers of a predisposition to cardiovascular disease.
The Virulent Wolbachia Strain wMelPop Efficiently Establishes Somatic Infections in the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae

Wolbachia pipientis bacteria are maternally inherited endosymbionts that are of interest to control the Anopheles mosquito vectors of malaria. Wolbachia does not infect Anopheles mosquitoes in nature, although cultured Anopheles cells can be infected. Here, we show that the virulent Wolbachia strain wMelPop can survive and replicate when injected into female Anopheles gambiae adults, but the somatic infections established are avirulent. These in vivo data suggest that stable Wolbachia infections of Anopheles may be possible.
The effects of thermal treatment upon the structural and optical properties of the Na−Nd β″-aluminas

In this work the microstructural and optical properties of semples within the Na−Nd β″-alumina system (Na 5/3− x Nd x /3Mg 0.67 Al 10.33 O 17 ) have been investigated using TEM, single crystal X-ray diffraction and optical absorption spectroscopy. We have found that at low temperatures long-range ordered structures are formed throughout the Na−Nd β″-alumina system. In addition our results indicate that the structural and optical properties are extremely sensitive to thermal history. Despite the relatively high mobility of the cations, metastable high temperature structures can be at least partially quenched to room temperature.
CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR IN SPHAEROCARPOS TEXANUS

In a previous paper (Tinney, 1935) the structure and behavior of the chromosomes in Sphaerocarpos Donnellii have been described. At that time sufficient material was not available to permit a thorough study of S. texanus Aust. The present study deals particularly with the structure of the resting nuclei in respect to heteropycnosis in differently active cells, and the structure and behavior of the chromosomes during the prophases in the female gametophytes of S. texanus. The literature dealing with the occurrence of sex chromosomes and of heteropycnosis in bryophytes was discussed in the previous paper. Schacke (igiga) found in American material of S. texanus, 8 chromosomes in both male and female. One chromosome (X) in the female is much larger than the other 7 and corresponds to a small chromosome (Y) in the male. In a few preparations an unstained region appeared near the middle of the X-chromosome (Schacke, igigb, unpublished). Wolfson (I927) figured and described a similar clear region in the X-chromosome of European material of S. texanus "at a distance from one end equal to about 2/5 of the entire length." He postulated that the differentiated region with slight affinity for stains is always present, but that it is frequently unobservable because of the position or the curving of the chromosome. Material received from Prof. J. C. McKee, collected near the campus of the Mississippi State College, was planted on soil in the botanical greenhouses at the University of Wisconsin, and allowed to attain an active state of growth before it was fixed. The fixative was Karpechenko's solution; the stain Heidenhain's iron-alum haematoxylin.
Characterization of Inhalation Exposure to Jet Fuel among U.S. Air Force Personnel

BACKGROUND Jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8) is the primary jet fuel used by the US military, collectively consuming ~2.5 billion gallons annually. Previous reports suggest that JP-8 is potentially toxic to the immune, respiratory, and nervous systems. The objectives of this study were to evaluate inhalation exposure to JP-8 constituents among active duty United States Air Force (USAF) personnel while performing job-related tasks, identify significant predictors of inhalation exposure to JP-8, and evaluate the extent to which surrogate exposure classifications were predictive of measured JP-8 exposures. METHODS Seventy-three full-time USAF personnel from three different air force bases were monitored during four consecutive workdays where personal air samples were collected and analyzed for benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes, total hydrocarbons (THC), and naphthalene. The participants were categorized a priori into high- and low-exposure groups, based on their exposure to JP-8 during their typical workday. Additional JP-8 exposure categories included job title groups and self-reported exposure to JP-8. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate predictors of personal air concentrations. RESULTS The concentrations of THC in air were significantly different between a priori exposure groups (2.6 mg m(-3) in high group versus 0.5 mg m(-3) in low, P < 0.0001), with similar differences observed for other analytes in air. Naphthalene was strongly correlated with THC (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001) and both were positively correlated with the relative humidity of the work environment. Exposures to THC and naphthalene varied significantly by job categories based on USAF specialty codes and were highest among personnel working in fuel distribution/maintenance, though self-reported exposure to JP-8 was an even stronger predictor of measured exposure in models that explained 72% (THC) and 67% (naphthalene) of between-worker variability. In fact, both self-report JP-8 exposure and a priori exposure groups explained more between-worker variability than job categories. CONCLUSIONS Personal exposure to JP-8 varied by job and was positively associated with the relative humidity. However, self-reported exposure to JP-8 was an even stronger predictor of measured exposure than job title categories, suggesting that self-reported JP-8 exposure is a valid surrogate metric of exposure when personal air measurements are not available.
Resveratrol attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress in coronary arterial endothelial cells

The production of hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a key event in the development of diabetic complications. Because resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, has been reported to confer vasoprotection, improving endothelial function and preventing complications of diabetes, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on mtROS production in cultured human coronary arterial endothelial cells (CAECs). The measurement of MitoSox fluorescence showed that resveratrol attenuates both steady-state and high glucose (30 mM)-induced mtROS production in CAECs, an effect that was prevented by the knockdown of the protein deacetylase silent information regulator 2/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an intracellular target of resveratrol. An overexpression of SIRT1 mimicked the effects of resveratrol, attenuating mtROS production. Similar results were obtained in CAECs transfected with mitochondria-targeted H2O2-sensitive HyPer-Mito fluorescent sensor. Amplex red assay showed that resveratrol and SIRT1 overexpression significantly reduced cellular H2O2 levels as well. Resveratrol upregulated MnSOD expression and increased cellular GSH content in a concentration-dependent manner (measured by HPLC coulometric analysis). These effects were attenuated by SIRT1 knockdown and mimicked by SIRT1 overexpression. We propose that resveratrol, via a pathway that involves the activation of SIRT1 and the upregulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms, attenuates mtROS production, suggesting the potential for new treatment approaches targeting endothelial mitochondria in metabolic diseases.
Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Hospitalization and Death in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Individuals with multimorbidity may be at increased risk of hospitalization and death. Comorbidity indexes do not capture severity of illness or healthcare utilization; however, inflammation biomarkers that are not disease-specific may predict hospitalization and death in older adults. We sought to predict hospitalization and mortality of older adults using inflammation biomarkers. From a prospective, observational study, 370 community-dwelling adults 65 years or older from central Alabama participated in an in-home assessment and provided fasting blood samples for inflammation biomarker testing in 2004. We calculated an inflammation summary score (range 0-4), one point each for low albumin, high C-reactive protein, low cholesterol, and high interleukin-6. Utilizing Cox proportional hazards models, inflammation summary scores were used to predicted time to hospitalization and death during a 4-year follow up period. The mean age was 73.7 (±5.9 yrs), and 53 (14%) participants had summary scores of 3 or 4. The rates of dying were significantly increased for participants with inflammation summary scores of 2, 3, or 4 (hazard ratio (HR) 2.22, 2.78, and 7.55, respectively; p<0.05). An inflammation summary score of 4 significantly predicted hospitalization (HR 5.92, p<0.05). Community-dwelling older adults with biomarkers positive for inflammation had increased rates of being hospitalized or dying during the follow up period. Assessment of the individual contribution of particular inflammation biomarkers in the prediction of health outcomes in older populations and the development of validated summary scores to predict morbidity and mortality are needed.
Allan-Robinson reaction

Synthesis of flavones or isoflavones by the treatment of of o-hydroxyaryl ketones with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of a base. Cf. Kostanecki reaction.
Generating Hierarchical State Machines from Use Case Charts

There are many examples, in the literature, of algorithms for synthesizing state machines from scenario-based models. The motivation for these is to automate the transition from scenario-based requirements to early analysis and design models. A major challenge for such algorithms, however, is that the relationships between scenarios are usually not explicitly defined. This means that synthesis algorithms have to infer the relationships and this cannot generally be done without also inferring false positives. An alternative is to require users to explicitly give scenario relationships. The challenge here is that the additional burden placed on the user must be less than the effort saved by automatic synthesis. In this paper, we address this problem by defining a synthesis algorithm for use case charts, a language for precisely describing use cases and their relationships. Use case charts are sufficiently precise to allow the automatic generation of hierarchical state machines but retain the benefits of existing scenario-based notations by being based on UML. Use case charts provide an easy way of specifying scenario relationships but also have a formal semantics that can be used both in synthesis and to execute the use case charts. This paper presents the synthesis algorithm for use case charts and illustrates it on a significant example based on students' solutions to an analysis and design problem.
Population genetics of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)

We examined the population genetic structure of the diamondback terrapins ( Malaclemys terrapin ), within and among estuaries. Based on mark-recapture studies, these estuarine turtles have high site fidelity that is likely to make them vulnerable to local extinctions. We tested if observed site fidelity of adults would be reflected in intraestuarine population genetic structure of six highly polymorphic microsatellite loci (five tetranucleotide and one dinucleotide). No evidence was found for population structuring within the Charleston estuary nor among three different estuaries in South Carolina. We then examined four other terrapin populations from North Carolina to New York, as well as from the Florida Keys and from Texas. With increasing geographical distance, genetic differentiation increased from South Carolina through New York, but overall values were low. The dinucleotide locus contributed significantly more to the genetic differentiation of some population comparisons than any of the other loci. Interestingly, terrapins from South Carolina to New York were much more genetically similar to those from Texas ( ρ = 0.154) than to those from Florida ( ρ = 0.357). We attribute this pattern to extensive translocations of terrapins during the early 20th century to replenish diminished populations and to provide turtle farms with stocks. Terrapins collected in Texas were especially sought for shipment to the northeastern US because of their larger size. Our study indicates no population structure within or among adjacent estuaries. Thus, the mark-recapture information from adult and subadult feeding locations is a poor predictor of population genetic structure. Additionally, it appears that past human activities may have drastically altered the genetics of current populations. Finally, our data suggest that translocation of eggs or head starting of terrapins within estuaries or among adjacent estuaries is acceptable from a genetic standpoint.
Searching for backbones and fat: a limit-crossing approach with applications

Backbone variables are the elements that are common to all optimal solutions of a problem instance. We call variables that are absent from every optimal solution fat variables. Identification of backbone and fat variables is a valuable asset when attempting to solve complex problems. In this paper, we demonstrate a method for identifying backbones and fat. Our method is based on an intuitive concept, which we refer to as limit crossing. Limit crossing occurs when we force the lower bound of a graph problem to exceed the upper bound by applying the lower-bound function to a constrained version of the graph. A desirable feature of this procedure is that it uses approximation functions to derive exact information about optimal solutions. In this paper, we prove the validity of the limit-crossing concept as well as other related properties. Then we exploit limit crossing and devise a pre-processing tool for discovering backbone and fat arcs for various instances of the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (ATSP). Our experimental results demonstrate the power of the limit-crossing method. We compare our pre-processor with the Carpaneto, Dell'Amico, and Toth pre-processor for several different classes of ATSP instances and reveal dramatic performance improvements.
Causes of variation in fault-facing direction on the ocean floor

A marked variation in fault-facing direction with spreading rate is observed on the flanks of mid-ocean ridges. On slow- and intermediate-rate spreading centers inward-facing faults predominate, whereas at fast-spreading centers, large numbers of both inward- and outward facing faults are observed. The distribution and character of inward- and outward-dipping faults derived from SeaMARC II data from the flanks of the East Pacific Rise and Galapagos spreading center are compared with observations from previously published data. We suggest that the fault-facing direction variation observed may reflect relative differences in the mean stress on potential fault planes through the oceanic lithosphere which might favor inward- vs. outward-facing faults at different spreading rates. For example, due to the thermal structure of a slow-spreading ridge, a fault dipping toward the axis extends to shallower depths than one dipping away from the axis, thus favoring the occurrence of inward-dipping faults. On a fast-spreading ridge, the difference in fault length is less, so both inward- and outward-facing faults are likely to occur.
Skull in the Ashes: Murder, a Gold Rush Manhunt, and The Birth of Circumstantial Evidence In America. By Peter Kaufman. (Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 2013. Pp. 283. $19.95.)

A Walford, Iowa, dry goods store caught fire in the early morning of February 3, 1897, touching off enough drama for several novels. This study of circumstantial evidence involves a homicide, a man...
A Robust Null Space Method for Linear Equality Constrained State Estimation

We present a robust null space method for linear equality constrained state space estimation. Exploiting a degeneracy in the estimator statistics, an orthogonal factorization is used to decompose the problem into stochastic and deterministic components, which are then solved separately. The resulting dimension reduction algorithm has enhanced numerical stability, solves the constrained problem completely, and can reduce computational load by reducing the problem size. The new method addresses deficiencies in commonly used pseudo-observation or projection methods, which either do not solve the constrained problem completely or have unstable numerical implementations, due in part to the degeneracy in the estimator statistics. We present a numerical example demonstrating the effectiveness of the new method compared to other current methods.
Characterization of Sodium Transport in Gustatory Epithelia from the Hamster and Rat

The transduction of sodium salts occurs through a variety of mechanisms, including sodium influx through amiloride-sensitive sodium channels, anion-dependent sodium movement through intercellular junctions and unidentified amiloride-insensitive mechanisms. Characterizations of sodium transport in lingual epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers have focused almost exclusively on epithelia containing only fungiform taste buds. In the present study we have investigated sodium transport by measuring NaCl-induced short-circuit current from lingual epithelia containing fungiform, foliate, vallate and palatine taste buds in the hamster and the rat. All areas show measurable sodium transport, yet significant differences were noted between the epithelia from the rat and the hamster and among the different epithelia within a single species in terms of current density, transepithelial resistance and mucosal amiloride sensitivity. In general, epithelia from the anterior tongue were of a lower resistance and transported sodium more effectively than from the posterior tongue. Moreover, fungiform- and vallate-containing epithelia in the rat had a greater current density than did the corresponding tissues in the hamster. Amiloride sensitivity also differed between the rat and the hamster. In the hamster all gustatory areas showed some amiloride sensitivity, while in the rat the vallate-containing epithelia were devoid of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport. The results are consistent with the interpretation that all chemosensitive areas may participate in the detection of salts but the degree of salt transport and the mechanism of transport is variable among different lingual epithelia and different species.
Plate tectonics, energy and mineral resources: Basic research leading to payoff

We like to believe that basic research ultimately pays off in practical benefits. Yet when the theory of plate tectonics was developed during the 1960's, the prognosis for its impact on mineral prospects was generally negative. The conceptual changes of plate tectonics from old to young ocean basins and from deterministic to indeterministic geotectonic cycles were initially considered to be unfavorable to the occurrence of energy and mineral resources, including hydrocarbons and metals. The prognosis has changed. The kinematic model provided by plate tectonics of the earth's outer layer or lithosphere, involving the interaction of a small number of large plates the boundaries of which are global seismic belts (Figures 1 and 2), not only is helping to explain the distribution and genesis of known mineral deposits, but also is revealing new prospects [Rona, 1973a].
Parametric uncertainty in nanoscale optical dimensional measurements

Image modeling establishes the relation between an object and its image when an optical microscope is used to measure the dimensions of an object of size comparable to the illumination wavelength. It accounts for the influence of all of the parameters that can affect the image and relates the apparent feature width (FW) in the image to the true FW of the object. The values of these parameters, however, have uncertainties, and these uncertainties propagate through the model and lead to parametric uncertainty in the FW measurement, a key component of the combined measurement uncertainty. The combined uncertainty is required in order to decide if the result is adequate for its intended purpose and to ascertain if it is consistent with other results. The parametric uncertainty for optical photomask measurements derived using an edge intensity threshold approach has been described previously; this paper describes an image library approach to this issue and shows results for optical photomask metrology over a FW range of 10 nm to 8 µm using light of wavelength 365 nm. The principles will be described; a one-dimensional image library will be used; the method of comparing images, along with a simple interpolation method, will be explained; and results will be presented. This method is easily extended to any kind of imaging microscope and to more dimensions in parameter space. It is more general than the edge threshold method and leads to markedly different uncertainties for features smaller than the wavelength.
Effects of Sodium Pentachlorophenate and 2,4-Dinitrophenol on Respiration in Crustaceans

The oxygen consumption of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, was determined at different stages of the molt cycle. At each stage of the molt cycle, the oxygen consumption varied in relation to periods of activity. In order to minimize the errors in establishing basal (control) rates of oxygen consumption, measurements were made over extended periods (18 to 24 hours). In contrast to the previous reports of progressive increases in oxygen consumption during proecdysial stages in other crustaceans, we noted significant increases in oxygen consumption just prior to and during the actual shedding of exoskeleton (ecdysis) in grass shrimp. The effects of sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP) on oxygen consumption varied depending on the stage of the molt cycle, concentration of Na-PCP and extent of pre-exposure of shrimp to Na-PCP. At concentrations of 1.5 and 5.0 ppm, Na-PCP did not alter the oxygen consumption of shrimp in intermolt and proecdysial stages of the molt cycle. Late proecdysial shrimp exposed to 5.0 ppm Na-PCP exhibited an increase in oxygen consumption in relation to ecdysis to the same level as that of control shrimp. However, following ecdysis, the shrimp exposed to 5.0 ppm Na-PCP exhibited a dramatic decline in oxygen consumption and died within three hours. This increased sensitivity during the early postecdysial period appeared to be related to an increase in the uptake of Na-PCP at this stage compared to intermolt and proecdysial stages. A decline in oxygen consumption as noted above could be induced in intermolt shrimp by using higher concentrations of Na-PCP. Exposure of shrimp to 10 or 20 ppm Na-PCP, or to 5 ppm followed by 20 ppm Na-PCP caused an initial increase in oxygen consumption and a subsequent decline leading to death. The survival time of intermolt shrimp pretreated with 5 ppm Na-PCP was longer than that of shrimp exposed directly to 10 or 20 ppm Na-PCP. Although 20 ppm 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) caused an initial increase in oxygen consumption in intermolt shrimp, this was not followed by any decline in oxygen consumption or death during a 24-hour exposure.
Physiological correlates of childhood abuse: chronic hyperarousal in PTSD, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract Objective: During the past 10 years, researchers have documented how trauma—especially severe trauma—can alter the functioning of the brain. In some cases, these alterations create a state of chronic hyperarousal. The present review serves as an introduction to this research. Findings: Persons who have experienced traumatic events are often “primed” to over-react to subsequent stressors, making them more vulnerable to these events. Conclusion: Chronic hyperarousal underlies three common and often co-occurring sequelae of childhood abuse: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and irritable bowel syndrome. Knowledge of these physiological correlates can affect treatment decisions as well as our theories about the mechanisms underlying the development of symptoms.
Re-Solidifying Racial Bloc Voting: Empirics and Legal Doctrine in the Melting Pot

INTRODUCTION 448 I. RACIAL BLOC VOTING FROM GINGLES TO THE PRESENT: HOW THE EVOLUTION WAS PREMISED ON CHEAP, NEAR-PERFECT, BIRACIAL INFORMATION 452 A. GINGLES AND QUESTIONS 452 B. POST-GINGLES QUESTIONS AND TRENDS 454 II. THE EMPIRICS OF RACIAL BLOC VOTING 462 A. HOW ECOLOGICAL INFERENCE WORKS (INTUITIVELY) AND WHY IT IS INHERENTLY FRAGILE 463 B. WHY ADDITIONAL RACIAL GROUPS MAKE MATTERS DIFFICULT 465 C. A NON-SOLUTION: BIRACIALITY BY CONSTRUCTION 468 D. WHAT MODERN TECHNIQUES (INCLUDING THE GQ METHOD) CAN AND CANNOT DO 470 E. AN ADDITIONAL EMPIRICAL CHALLENGE NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO ECOLOGICAL INFERENCE 472 F. AN EXAMPLE 473 G. IS THIS UNUSUAL? 476 III. SOME RECOMMENDATIONS 477 A. A PROPOSED DEFINITION OF RACIAL BLOC VOTING 477 B. ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF EVIDENCE 481 IV. A SHORT CASE STUDY: THE BOSTON CITY COUNCIL 487 A. INFORMATION FROM ECOLOGICAL INFERENCE 488 B. SURVEYS 491 C. NONQUANTITATIVE INFORMATION 492 D. CONCLUSION REGARDING THE CITY OF BOSTON 495 CONCLUSION 496
Putting the Ninth Ward on the Map: Race, Place, and Transformation in Desire, New Orleans

In this article, we consider how long-term patterns of resistance to structural violence inform citizens' responses to displacement before and after Katrina. Drawing on Abdou Maliq Simone's (2004) conceptualization of people as infrastructure, we recenter the discussion about the rebuilding of New Orleans around displaced residents, taking the place-making practices of members of a social club as a lens through which to examine the predicament of the city as a whole. Members have been generating alternative ways of thinking about and dwelling together in a restructuring city. Their perspectives are articulated through in-depth interviews, focus groups, and the embodied practices of club members and their followers as they make claims to the city through massive, participatory street processions known as second lines. These distinctive ways of thinking and being in the city—the subaltern mainstream of the second-line tradition—are now being deployed by exiled New Orleanians reconsidering their relationship to home.
20-125Iodo-14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid: A high-affinity radioligand used to characterize the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid antagonist binding site

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endothelium-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid. They relax vascular smooth muscle by membrane hyperpolarization. These actions are inhibited by the EET antagonist, 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EE5ZE). We synthesized 20-(125)iodo-14,15-EE5ZE (20-(125)I-14,15-EE5ZE), a radiolabeled EET antagonist, and characterized its binding to cell membranes. 14,15-EET (10(-9)-10(-5)M) caused a concentration-related relaxation of the preconstricted bovine coronary artery and phosphorylation of p38 in U937 cells that were inhibited by 20-(125)I-14,15-EE5ZE. Specific 20-(125)I-14,15-EE5ZE binding to U937 cell membranes reached equilibrium within 5 min and remained unchanged for 30 min. The binding was saturable and reversible, and it exhibited K(D) and B(max) values of 1.11 +/- 0.13 nM and 1.13 +/- 0.04 pmol/mg protein, respectively. Guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (10 muM) did not change the binding, indicating antagonist binding of the ligand. Various EETs and EET analogs (10(-10)-10(-5)M) competed for 20-(125)I-14,15-EE5ZE binding with an order of potency of 11,12-EET = 14,15-EET > 8,9-EET = 14,15-EE5ZE > 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid = 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. 8,9-Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid and 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid did not compete for binding. The soluble and microsomal epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecyl-urea, elaidamide, and 12-hydroxyl-elaidamide) and cytochrome P450 inhibitors (sulfaphenazole and proadifen) did not compete for the binding. However, two cytochrome P450 inhibitors, N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide (MS-PPOH) and miconazole competed for binding with K(i) of 1558 and 315 nM, respectively. Miconazole and MS-PPOH, but not proadifen, inhibited 14,15-EET-induced relaxations. These findings define an EET antagonist's binding site and support the presence of an EET receptor. The inhibition of binding by some cytochrome P450 inhibitors suggests an alternative mechanism of action for these drugs and could lead to new drug candidates that target the EET binding sites.
DO THE BABY AND THE BATHWATER DESERVE THE SAME FATE? AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF COLLABORATIVE PRICING IN THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Alpha contracting is a collaborative effort between a buyer and supplier during contract formation to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. Collaborative efforts between the United States Department of Defense and its suppliers have recently been scrutinized. Although several benefits of Alpha contracting are identified within the literature, the phenomenon is not ubiquitous nor is it well understood. Using the case study methodology, this research explores Alpha Contracting to define success and to identify its contributing factors. Additionally, this research identifies antecedents for and consequences of use, variations of the processes employed, and some misuse. The study culminates in the development of a conceptual model of collaborative pricing, and provides five recommendations for enhanced use.
The AFKN nexus: US military broadcasting and New Korean Cinema

ABSTRACTThis article explores the unintended cinematic consequences of America's military presence in South Korea. It traces the history and programming of Armed Forces Korea Network-TV (AFKN-TV), the US military television network, and shows how the network functioned as a major channel for the flow of Hollywood and other commercial genre films into Korea during the 1970s and 1980s. AFKN had a large ‘shadow audience’ of young Koreans during these years for whom it offered an alternative media culture to that of the repressive Park and Chun regimes. This article argues that AFKN may have helped shape the development decades later of the genre-centred New Korean Cinema by providing its viewers—among them future directors Bong Joon-ho and Kim Jee-woon—with lessons in the language and logic of genre film-making.
AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF ANTERIOR ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION AFTER REMOTE HEART TRANSPLANT

Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a highly morbid diagnosis if not promptly treated. However the differential diagnosis of ST-segment elevation is not limited to MI. A 68-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 1 week history of intermittent, non-
Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in the senility of Shanghai from 1996 to 2000

To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment and management measures of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly. A comparison of clinical characteristics, treatment, effect and compliance activities of management quality in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among senility (≥80 years) and elderly (60-79 years) cases was performed. The new registration rate of senility PTB increased in recent 3 years. The complications in two groups were different. The common complications were pulmonary and extra-pulmonary cancer, circulatory diseases in senility cases, however, there were diabetes, pneumoconiosis and psychosis in elderly cases. The short-course regimen was used for only 30% cases in both senility and elderly. There were more cases refused to take drug in senility than those in elderly. The cure rate in senility was lower than that in elderly, the percentage of cases died in tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis is higher in senility than that in elderly. [Conclusion] Senility pulmonary tuberculosis had an effect on the epidemiologic situation of tuberculosis in Shanghai. It is necessary to pay more attention to the senility with pulmonary tuberculosis and explore more effective treatment regimen and management methods for them.
Experimental and theoretical studies of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy emission from iron oxide: Studies of atmospheric effects

Abstract We report on a comprehensive study of the emission spectra from laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements on iron oxide. Measurements have been made of the emission from Fe 2 O 3 under atmospheres of air, He, and Ar, and at different atmospheric pressures. The effect of varying the time delay of the measurement is also explored. Theoretical calculations were performed to analyze the plasma conditions and find that a reasonably consistent picture of the change in plasma temperature and density for different atmospheric conditions can be reached. We also investigate the sensitivity of the OI 777 nm emission lines to the plasma conditions, something that has not been explored in detail in the previous work. Finally, we also show that LIBS can be used to differentiate between FeO and Fe 2 O 3 by examining the ratio of the intensities of selected Fe emission to O emission lines.
One-Minute Video Resumes as an Applicant Screening Tool: Addressing the Legal Concerns of the Human Resource Professiional

Because of legal risks, human resource managers are cautious about selection processes thatinvolve subjective criteria. The video resume is one tool in the applicant screening process thatis often questioned. This article considers and seeks to allay some of the legal concerns thatmight arise in human resource education related to subjective criteria in the selection process.The benefits of video resumes are considered and followed by an examination of employers’legal concerns associated with their use in the applicant screening process. Also included is adiscussion of the issues involved in proving an employment discrimination case stemming froman employer’s use of a video resume submitted by an applicant. Finally, best practices for HRrecruiters are suggested.
The “Personal” Power of Iowa Governors Since 1969

This chapter provides an overview of existing research on gubernatorial popularity and how this framework applies to recent governors in Iowa. Iowa governors faced declining economic conditions, shared party affiliation with unpopular presidents and, at times, had unified control of state government. Yet, when applied to the case of Iowa, these factors, while significant, do not fully explain the strong incumbency bias observed in the state. Considerable attention is given to expanding Beyle’s notion of the “personal” power of governors as well as consideration of the strength of the challenger when examining gubernatorial popularity. This chapter concludes by asking what explains the discrepancy between observed electoral outcomes in Iowa and what existing research says should happen.
Sustaining treatment of coccidioidal meningitis by extending the stability of amphotericin B

Coccidioides immitis is an endemic fungus in California's San Joaquin Valley. The most debilitating and life-threatening manifestation is meningitis. The administration of intrathecal amphotericin B is an effective treatment, without which mortality is almost certain within 1 year. Kern Medical Center currently prepares 600 intrathecal doses annually for patients who have failed treatment with high-dose oral fluconazole. The recent national amphotericin B shortage severely compromised this life-saving therapeutic modality. Although a vial of amphotericin B reconstituted with sterile water for injection is stable in the refrigerator for 7 days, this extended period of use could subject a single vial to as many as 15 entries. To prevent contamination, our practice has been to discard the remaining amphotericin B after 24 hours. However, if the stability of admixed amphotericin B could be extended and its sterility ensured, our institution would be able to provide care during drug shortages. After reconstitution of a 50 mg amphotericin B vial with 10 mL of sterile water, a 1 mL aliquot was added to each of seven 50 mL bags of 5% dextrose in water, resulting in a concentration of 100 mcg/mL. Five 2 mL samples were obtained from each bag on days 0 and 15. Visual stability, concentration, pH, and sterility were measured. Our results indicate that an amphotericin B concentration of 100 mcg/mL is stable in 5% dextrose for 15 days when stored at 4° Celsius and protected from light.
Mechanism of injury is not a predictor of trauma center admission

Most trauma systems use mechanism of injury (MOI) as an indicator for trauma center transport, often overburdening the system as a result of significant overtriage. Before 2005 our trauma center accepted all MOI. After 2005 we accepted only those patients meeting anatomic and physiologic (A&P) triage criteria. Patients entered into the trauma center database were divided into two groups: 2001 to 2005 (Group 1) and 2007 to 2010 (Group 2) and also categorized based on trauma team activation for either A&P or MOI criteria. Overtriage was defined as patient discharge from the emergency department within 6 hours of trauma activation. A total of 9899 patients were reviewed. Group 1 had 6584 patients with 3613 (55%) activated for A&P criteria and 2971 (45%) for MOI. Group 2 had 3315 patients with 3149 (95%) activated for A&P criteria and 166 (5%) for MOI. Accepting only those patients meeting A&P criteria resulted in a decrease in the overtriage rate from 66 to 9 per cent. By accepting only those patients meeting A&P criteria, we significantly reduced our overtriage rate. Patients meeting MOI criteria were transported to community hospitals and transferred to the trauma center if major injuries were identified. Trauma center transport for MOI results in significant overtriage and may not be justified.
Interventions for Posttraumatic Brain Injury Fatigue: An Updated Review

To provide an updated review of empirical evidence in support of interventions for posttraumatic fatigue. A total of 360 articles were published between January 22, 2014 and September 23, 2016 with nine meeting inclusion criteria. Articles included in this review provided further support for behavioral, pharmacological, and physical activity interventions for fatigue. Behavioral interventions remain popular, but studies directly targeting fatigue have not yet been undertaken. Pharmacological agents, particularly those using dopaminergic agents, showed potential but had mixed results. Interventions incorporating physical activity were promising but require more rigorous investigation. Despite promising results, there remains a need to replicate and further refine treatments using rigorous research designs and larger samples. Future studies should continue to more clearly define fatigue and use consistent subjective and objective endpoints that better capture this construct. Including imaging techniques would establish the effectiveness and mechanisms of interventions.
Demo: Riding the Non-linearities to Record Ultrasound with Smartphones

We demonstrate that high frequency ultrasonic sounds can be designed to become recordable by unmodified smartphone microphones, while remaining inaudible to humans. The core idea lies in exploiting nonlinearities in microphone hardware with a combination of ultrasound frequencies. These frequencies can be regulated to carry data bits, thereby enabling an acoustic (but inaudible) communication channel to today's microphones. Other applications include jamming spy microphones in the environment, live watermarking of music in a concert, and even acoustic Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks.
Associations Between County Wealth, Health and Social Services Spending, and Health Outcomes.

Introduction Each year, the County Health Rankings rate the health outcomes of each county in the U.S. A common refrain is that poor counties perform worse than wealthier ones. This article examines that assumption and specifically analyzes characteristics of counties that have performed better in terms of health outcomes than their wealth alone would suggest. Methods Data from the 2013 County Health Rankings were used, as were 2012 financial and demographic information collected by the U.S. Census Bureau. A logistic model was constructed to examine the odds of a county “overperforming” in the rankings relative to community wealth. Analyses were performed in 2016. Results Communities that were wealthier performed better on the rankings. However, more than 800 of 3,141 counties overperformed by ranking in a better health outcomes quartile than their county’s wealth alone would suggest. Regression analyses found that for each additional percentage point of total public spending that was allocated toward community health care and public health, the odds of being an overperformer increased by 3.7%. Conclusions Community wealth correlates with health, but not always. Population health outcomes in hundreds of counties overperform what would be expected given community wealth alone. These counties tend to invest more in community health care and public health spending and other social services. Although the level of a community’s wealth is outside the control of practitioners, shifting the proportion of spending to certain social services may positively impact population health.
Designing a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a community-based narrative intervention for improving colorectal cancer screening for African Americans.

Abstract Objective To describe the methodology of a 2-arm randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of a narrative and didactic version of the Witness CARES (Community Awareness, Reach, & Empowerment for Screening) intervention on colorectal cancer screening behavior among African Americans, as well as the cognitive and affective determinants of screening. Methods Witness CARES targeted cognitive and affective predictors of screening using a culturally competent, community-based, narrative or didactic communication approach. New and existing community partners were recruited in two New York sites. Group randomization allocated programs to the narrative or didactic arm. Five phases of data collection were conducted: baseline, post-intervention, three-month, six-month, and qualitative interviews. The primary outcome was screening behavior; secondary outcomes included cognitive and affective determinants of screening. Results A total of 183 programs were conducted for 2655 attendees. Of these attendees, 19.4% (N = 516) across 158 programs (50% narrative; 50% didactic) were study-eligible and consented to participate. Half (45.6%) of the programs were delivered to new community partners and 34.8% were delivered at faith-based organizations. Mean age of the total sample was 64.7 years and 75.4% were female. Conclusion The planned number of programs was delivered, but the proportion of study-eligible attendees was lower than predicted. This community-based participatory research approach was largely successful in involving the community served in the development and implementation of the intervention and study.
Genetic Counseling and Genomic Sequencing

Abstract Leaders in the field have called on the profession to carefully examine extant approaches to genetic counseling to make careful and deliberate adaptations to enable sound pre- and post-test “genomic counseling”. Such evaluations must include identifying evidence-based benchmarks to ensure that patients are making informed decisions, have realistic expectations of findings they might receive, understand the findings they do receive, and manage their results appropriately. The challenges of genomic counseling and the processes needed to address these will be discussed in this chapter.
Improving Emotion Classification through Variational Inference of Latent Variables

Conventional models for emotion recognition from speech signal are trained in supervised fashion using speech utterances with emotion labels. In this study we hypothesize that speech signal depends on multiple latent variables including the emotional state, age, gender, and speech content. We propose an Adversarial Autoencoder (AAE) to perform variational inference over the latent variables and reconstruct the input feature representations. Reconstruction of feature representations is used as an auxiliary task to aid the primary emotion recognition task. Experiments on the IEMOCAP dataset demonstrate that the auxiliary learning tasks improve emotion classification accuracy compared to a baseline supervised classifier. Further, we demonstrate that the proposed learning approach can be used for the end-to-end speech emotion recognition, as its applicable for models that operate on frame-level inputs.
Regional media framing of the Confederate flag debate in South Carolina

Content analysis of 400 news stories in three South Carolina newspapers examines the frames used about the Confederate flag debate in the first 25 days after the 2015 Charleston church massacre. St...
Mandibular dysmorphology due to abnormal embryonic osteogenesis in FGFR2-related craniosynostosis mice

One diagnostic feature of craniosynostosis syndromes is mandibular dysgenesis. Using three mouse models of Apert, Crouzon and Pfeiffer craniosynostosis syndromes, we investigated how embryonic development of the mandible is affected by fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) mutations. Quantitative analysis of skeletal form at birth revealed differences in mandibular morphology between mice carrying Fgfr2 mutations and their littermates that do not carry the mutations. Murine embryos with the mutations associated with Apert syndrome in humans (Fgfr2+/S252W and Fgfr2+/P253R ) showed an increase in the size of the osteogenic anlagen and Meckel's cartilage (MC). Changes in the microarchitecture and mineralization of the developing mandible were visualized using histological staining. The mechanism for mandibular dysgenesis in the Apert Fgfr2+/S252W mouse resulting in the most severe phenotypic effects was further analyzed in detail and found to occur to a lesser degree in the other craniosynostosis mouse models. Laser capture microdissection and RNA-seq analysis revealed transcriptomic changes in mandibular bone at embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5), highlighting increased expression of genes related to osteoclast differentiation and dysregulated genes active in bone mineralization. Increased osteoclastic activity was corroborated by TRAP assay and in situ hybridization of Csf1r and Itgb3 Upregulated expression of Enpp1 and Ank was validated in the mandible of Fgfr2+/S252W embryos, and found to result in elevated inorganic pyrophosphate concentration. Increased proliferation of osteoblasts in the mandible and chondrocytes forming MC was identified in Fgfr2+/S252W embryos at E12.5. These findings provide evidence that FGFR2 gain-of-function mutations differentially affect cartilage formation and intramembranous ossification of dermal bone, contributing to mandibular dysmorphogenesis in craniosynostosis syndromes.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.