cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of hormone and growth factor responsive and resistant human breast cancer cells by CeReS-18, a cell regulatory sialoglycopeptide

We have previously documented that CeReS-18, a cellregulatory sialoglycopeptide, inhibits the cellular proliferation of normaland transformed cell types from a diverse rangeof species. Most cell types studies exhibit asimilar sensitivity to the reversible but growth inhibitoryeffects of CeReS-18 at 7 × 10-8 Mconcentration, while at higher concentrations CeReS-18 can elicitcytotoxicity. The present study was conducted to examinethe effect of CeReS-18 on the proliferation ofhuman mammary epithelial carcinoma cells. MCF-7 cells, whichare estrogen receptor positive (ER+), and BT-20 cells,which are estrogen receptor negative (ER-), were utilized.Both cell lines show equal sensitivity to growthinhibition elicited by CeReS-18. Complete cessation of cellcycling was achieved with 7 × 10-8 MCeReS-18, and the arrest was shown to becompletely reversible. Flow cytometric analysis, performed on CeReS-18treated cells from both cell types, revealed thatthe majority of these cells were arrested inthe G1 phase of the cell cycle. Whencells were treated simultaneously with inhibitor and stimulatoryconcentrations of mitogens such as epidermal growth factor(EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), estrogen, insulin-likegrowth factors I and II (IGFI and IGFII),no alteration of the inhibitory activity of CeReS-18was observed. CeReS-18 clearly abrogated the mitogenic activitythat these growth factors elicited with human mammarycarcinoma cells.
Inducible Defense Mechanism against Nitric Oxide in Candida albicans

The yeast Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that threatens patients with compromised immune systems. Immune cell defenses against C. albicans are complex but typically involve the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) that damage the yeast or inhibit its growth. Whether Candida defends itself against NO and the molecules responsible for this defense have yet to be determined. The defense against NO in various bacteria and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves an NO-scavenging flavohemoglobin. The C. albicans genome contains three genes encoding flavohemoglobin-related proteins, CaYHB1, CaYHB4, and CaYHB5. To assess their roles in NO metabolism, we constructed strains lacking each of these genes and demonstrated that just one, CaYHB1, is responsible for NO consumption and detoxification. In C. albicans, NO metabolic activity and CaYHB1 mRNA levels are rapidly induced by NO and NO-generating agents. Loss of CaYHB1 increases the sensitivity of C. albicans to NO-mediated growth inhibition. In mice, infections with Candida strains lacking CaYHB1 still resulted in lethality, but virulence was decreased compared to that in wild-type strains. Thus, C. albicans possesses a rapid, specific, and highly inducible NO defense mechanism involving one of three putative flavohemoglobin genes.
Gamma-Ray Point-Source Detection in Unknown Background Using 3D-Position-Sensitive Semiconductor Detectors

Three-dimensional-position-sensitive semiconductor detectors provide both energy and locations of gamma-ray interactions in the detector. From these data, Compton-imaging methods can reconstruct the spatial source distribution around the detector as a function of energy. Here, the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and the source-intensity test (SIT) are applied to automate detection and identification of point sources of radiation in distributed background by using the combined energy and direction information from these detectors. Throughout, the model makes no assumptions of the background intensity or energy distribution. However, directional information enables detection and identification without prior knowledge of the background spectrum and the detection of isotopes also appearing in the background. Spatially, background is modeled as uniform, but only slight degradation in performance was observed when the background was twice as intense in one hemisphere. Experimental detection and identification performance as a function of false-alarm probability was measured for three weak isotopes using experimental data collected on a 20 mm × 20 mm × 15 mm CdZnTe detector. Both the GLRT and SIT performed better than the commercial software Genie 2000 (Canberra), which uses only spectral information, when the possible source direction was unknown. Prior knowledge of the possible source direction further improves both detection and identification.
Psychological and Neural Mechanisms of Trait Mindfulness in Reducing Depression Vulnerability

Mindfulness-based interventions are effective for reducing depressive symptoms. However, the psychological and neural mechanisms are unclear. This study examined which facets of trait mindfulness offer protection against negative bias and rumination, which are key risk factors for depression. Nineteen male volunteers completed a 2-day functional magnetic resonance imaging study. One day utilized a stress-induction task and the other day utilized a mindful breathing task. An emotional inhibition task was used to measure neural and behavioral changes related to state negative bias, defined by poorer performance in inhibiting negative relative to neutral stimuli. Associations among trait mindfulness [measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)], trait rumination, and negative bias were examined. Non-reactivity scores on the FFMQ correlated negatively with rumination and negative bias following the stress induction. Non-reactivity was inversely correlated with insula activation during inhibition to negative stimuli after the mindful breathing task. Our results suggest non-reactivity to inner experience is the key facet of mindfulness that protects individuals from psychological risk for depression. Based on these results, mindfulness could reduce vulnerability to depression in at least two ways: (i) by buffering against trait rumination and negative bias and (ii) by reducing automatic emotional responding via the insula.
Roles for UDP-GlcNAc 2-Epimerase/ManNAc 6-Kinase outside of Sialic Acid Biosynthesis MODULATION OF SIALYLTRANSFERASE AND BiP EXPRESSION, GM3 AND GD3 BIOSYNTHESIS, PROLIFERATION, AND APOPTOSIS, AND ERK1/2 PHOSPHORYLATION

Roles for UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc 6-kinase (GNE) beyond controlling flux into the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway by converting UDP-GlcNAc to N-acetylmannosamine are described in this report. Overexpression of recombinant GNE in human embryonic kidney (HEK AD293) cells led to an increase in mRNA levels for ST3Gal5 (GM3 synthase) and ST8Sia1 (GD3 synthase) as well as the biosynthetic products of these sialyltransferases, the GM3 and GD3 gangliosides. Conversely, down-regulation of GNE by RNA interference methods had the opposite, but consistent, effect of lowering ST3Gal5 and ST8Sia1 mRNAs and reducing GM3 and GD3 levels. Control experiments ensured that GNE-mediated changes in sialyltransferase expression and ganglioside biosynthesis were not the result of altered flux through the sialic acid pathway. Interestingly, exogenous GM3 and GD3 also changed the expression of GNE and led to reduced ST3Gal5 and ST8Sia1 mRNA levels, demonstrating a reciprocating feedback mechanism where gangliosides regulate upstream biosynthetic enzymes. Cellular responses to the GNE-mediated changes in ST3Gal5 and ST8Sia1 expression and GM3 and GD3 levels were investigated next. Conditions that led to reduced ganglioside production (e.g. short hairpin RNA exposure) stimulated proliferation, whereas conditions that resulted in increased ganglioside levels (e.g. recombinant GNE and exogenous gangliosides) led to reduced proliferation with a concomitant increase in apoptosis. Finally, changes to BiP expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation consistent with apoptosis and proliferation, respectively, were observed. These results provide examples of specific biochemical pathways, other than sialic acid metabolism, that are influenced by GNE.
An Integrated Approach to Psychotherapy Techniques for Patients with Personality Disorder

Personality disordered patients present with multiple problem areas and potential targets of change. This complex clinical situation can be addressed by an integrated approach to the treatment by using treatment strategies and techniques from the various schools of therapy, sequenced and adapted to the individual patient. An optimal choice and sequencing of treatment techniques is organized around general treatment strategies (assessment and case formulation, treatment structuring, observing the therapeutic relationship, addressing problematic personality organization, and addressing sequential goals) with the severity of the personality disturbance in mind. The biggest threat to successful integration of the treatment is the reaction of severe personality disordered patients who lack an integrated sense of self and suffer from intense, fluctuating emotions that challenge an inexperienced, reactive therapist.
Deep Peroneal Nerve Entrapment on the Dorsum of the Foot

The anatomic site of entrapment of the deep peroneal nerve's sensory branch over the dorsum of the foot is described. The clinical syndrome in 20 patients is reported. An operative approach to release the entrapment is illustrated. The results in twenty nerves in eighteen patients followed a mean of 25.9 months after surgery is excellent in 60%, good in 20%, and not improved in 20%.
New method for rapid determination of crystal orientation via Kikuchi patterns

Kikuchi electron diffraction patterns are used extensively to determine crystal orientations via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or in the electron backscattering pattern (EBSP) mode of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A new method is presented that is capable of finding crystal orientations, the camera length, and the projection center from only one pattern per grain using a least-squares technique. This method eliminates the need to perform an alignment with a reference crystal in the backscattering mode. Application to a Σ = 13a silicon bicrystal is presented for TEM patterns and EBSP’s. A complete analysis of the propagation of random measurement errors into the disorientation axis/angle pair is carried out. The root mean square deviation from the nominal disorientation angle is found to be 0.3°in the case of TEM and 0.5°in the case of EBSP. The root mean square inclination between the nominal and measured disorientation axis is found to be 1°in the case of TEM and 0.5°in the case of EBSP.
One Size Cannot Fit All: A Stage Model for Psychotherapy Manual Development

There has been controversy surrounding the roles and value of psychotherapy manuals in clinical practice since their inception. It has been underrecognized that the appropriate roles and content of manuals should evolve with the stage of development of a given treatment. This article proposes a stage model in which manuals are seen as evolving with the level of development of the treatment, from the basic outlines necessary for preliminary evaluation of the treatment in early pilot studies (stage I), to highly defined guidelines that demark the internal and external boundaries of treatment for efficacy studies (stage II), and finally to elaborated systems appropriate for use with diverse clinical populations (stage III). We propose guidelines for the content of manuals at the various stages, as well as strategies for developing “clinician-friendly” manuals to facilitate broader use of empirically supported treatments.
FORECASTING EXTINCTION RISK WITH NONSTATIONARY MATRIX MODELS

Matrix population growth models are standard tools for forecasting popu- lation change and for managing rare species, but they are less useful for predicting extinction risk in the face of changing environmental conditions. Deterministic models provide point estimates of l, the finite rate of increase, as well as measures of matrix sensitivity and elasticity. Stationary matrix models can be used to estimate extinction risk in a variable environment, but they assume that the matrix elements are randomly sampled from a sta- tionary (i.e., non-changing) distribution. Here we outline a method for using nonstationary matrix models to construct realistic forecasts of population fluctuation in changing envi- ronments. Our method requires three pieces of data: (1) field estimates of transition matrix elements, (2) experimental data on the demographic responses of populations to altered environmental conditions, and (3) forecasting data on environmental drivers. These three pieces of data are combined to generate a series of sequential transition matrices that emulate a pattern of long-term change in environmental drivers. Realistic estimates of population persistence and extinction risk can be derived from stochastic permutations of such a model. We illustrate the steps of this analysis with data from two populations of Sarracenia pur- purea growing in northern New England. Sarracenia purpurea is a perennial carnivorous plant that is potentially at risk of local extinction because of increased nitrogen deposition. Long-term monitoring records or models of environmental change can be used to generate time series of driver variables under different scenarios of changing environments. Both manipulative and natural experiments can be used to construct a linking function that describes how matrix parameters change as a function of the environmental driver. This synthetic modeling approach provides quantitative estimates of extinction probability that have an explicit mechanistic basis.
A Natural Phosphate Source for Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, USA

A limestone outcrop along the north shore of Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina, is found to contain ca. 0.1 % phosphate by weight. Weathering processes have probably driven steady inputs of phosphate from this source throughout the lake's history, accounting for its near eutrophic state. The sediments of Lake Waccamaw are enriched with phosphate, particularly in the littoral zone near the outcrop. Chemical and biological processes apparently remove phosphate from solution rapidly, making detection of a soluble phosphate signal near the outcrop difficult. Management of nutrient inputs and water quality in Lake Waccamaw requires consideration of the effects of this in-lake source of phosphate. Other sources of phosphate, particularly in the lake's drainage basin, may be less important than previously thought.
An extracellular site on tetraspanin CD151 determines α3 and α6 integrin-dependent cellular morphology

The α3β1 integrin shows strong, stoichiometric, direct lateral association with the tetraspanin CD151. As shown here, an extracellular CD151 site (QRD194–196) is required for strong (i.e., Triton X-100–resistant) α3β1 association and for maintenance of a key CD151 epitope (defined by monoclonal antibody TS151r) that is blocked upon α3 integrin association. Strong CD151 association with integrin α6β1 also required the QRD194–196 site and masked the TS151r epitope. For both α3 and α6 integrins, strong QRD/TS151r-dependent CD151 association occurred early in biosynthesis and involved α subunit precursor forms. In contrast, weaker associations of CD151 with itself, integrins, or other tetraspanins (Triton X-100–sensitive but Brij 96–resistant) were independent of the QRD/TS151r site, occurred late in biosynthesis, and involved mature integrin subunits. Presence of the CD151–QRD194–196→INF mutant disrupted α3 and α6 integrin–dependent formation of a network of cellular cables by Cos7 or NIH3T3 cells on basement membrane Matrigel and markedly altered cell spreading. These results provide definitive evidence that strong lateral CD151–integrin association is functionally important, identify CD151 as a key player during α3 and α6 integrin–dependent matrix remodeling and cell spreading, and support a model of CD151 as a transmembrane linker between extracellular integrin domains and intracellular cytoskeleton/signaling molecules.
CRAY-1 Computer Technology

Hardware and packaging technology which provide the high performance of the CRAY-I computer are reviewed. A brief overview of the computer is given, followed by a description of the computer circuits, packaging, power distribution, and cooling system.
Comments on "An algorithm for a solution of a stochastic adaptive linear quadratic optimal control problem

It is shown that there is an inconsistency in the derivation of the adaptive estimation equations by R. Rishel and L. Harris (see ibid., vol.AC-31, p.1165-70, Dec. 1986). An extra condition that is required is noted. >
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the glucose stress of human lenses.

The sorbitol theory in diabetic cataractogenesis was based on sorbitol accumulation under glucose stress. Sorbitol accumulation was examined by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) for the first time in matched human lenses incubated in 5.5 mM and 35.5 mM C-1 13C-enriched glucose up to 28 hours. The results showed that sorbitol and lactate in human tens can be detected at 35.5 mM, but not in 5.5 mM glucose solution. The glycolysis metabolic pathway of human lenses may be quite different from that of animals. The accumulation of metabolites can be traced and quantified by the intensities of 13C NMR peaks. Therefore, 13C NMR spectroscopy can be used as a valuable tool to investigate human lens carbohydrate metabolism non-interventionally.
Un diálogo diaspórico - el lugar del Harlem Renaissance en el pensamiento racial e intelectual afrocolombiano (1920-1948)

Este articulo pretende analizar el uso que hicieron varios sectores afrocolombianos de las ideas raciales desarrolladas por activistas afroamericanos vinculados al movimiento cultural conocido como Harlem Renaissance. Se sugiere que entre 1920 y 1948 algunos trabajadores y estudiantes negros de las costas Pacifica y Caribe colombianas entraron en contacto con las propuestas raciales desarrolladas por varios lideres de este movimiento. Este contacto fue fundamental en la postura racial que asumieron varios escritores afrodescendientes en Colombia, y dio forma a un dialogo diasporico que les permitio participar en los debates y luchas que estaban adelantando otros sectores afrodescendientes en las Americas.
Improved Gilbert-Varshamov bound for constrained systems

Nonconstructive existence results are obtained for block error-correcting codes whose codewords lie in a given constrained system. Each such system is defined as a set of words obtained by reading the labels of a finite directed labeled graph. For a prescribed constrained system and relative minimum distance delta , the new lower bounds on the rate of such codes improve on those derived recently by V.D. Kolesnik and V.Y. Krachkovsky (1991). The better bounds are achieved by considering a special subclass of sequences in the constrained system, namely, those having certain empirical statistics determined by delta . >
Improving insulin sensitivity with HDAC inhibitor.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) has emerged as a new molecular target in the control of obesity and type 2 diabetes. HDAC is an enzyme with well-known functions in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene transcription in the nucleus, where HDAC interacts with corepressor proteins such as NcoR and SMRT to form active corepressor complexes. In the corepressor complex, HDAC catalyzes removal of acetyl groups from histone proteins to inhibit gene expression. Recent studies have consistently suggested that HDAC also exhibits activity in the cytosol and mitochondria to regulate acetylation of metabolic enzymes (1). More than 20% of mitochondria proteins are regulated by acetylation (2,3). Regulation of HDAC activity is a new approach to modify glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In HDAC, HDAC3 and sirtuin (SIRT)1 are well-known players in regulation of fatty acid and glucose metabolism. In mammals, HDACs are divided into three classes: class I HDACs (1–3,8,10), class II HDACs (4–7,9,11), and class III HDACs (SIRTs 1–7 and NAD-dependent histone deacetylases). Class I HDACs have strong catalytic activities, and they are targets of most HDAC inhibitors, such as trichostatin A (TSA), sodium butyrate, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. HDAC3 regulates metabolism in genetic and pharmacological studies. NcoR is required by HDAC3 in the regulation of transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)γ. NcoR knockout in fat tissue led to enhanced PPARγ function in adipose tissue, increased insulin sensitivity, …
Accumulated effect parameter tuning method for geometrical path tracking of wheeled mobile robots

This paper proposes a novel method for parameter tuning in geometrical path tracking algorithms for wheeled mobile robots. Geometrical path tracking has the advantage in its ease of implementation. However, before using such an algorithm, several critical parameters need to be found experimentally. Such a procedure is quite time consuming and unreliable. Moreover, there is no certainty that the parameters found using this method will hold for different kinds of paths. The research presented in this paper addresses this particular issue. A tuning method called Accumulated Effect (AE) parameter tuning method is proposed for determining the appropriate parameter values which will hold for different paths under different conditions. This method is based on the steady state of a mobile robot, tracking a circular path. The effectiveness of this method has been demonstrated using simulation results for three different path tracking algorithms.
GPC data interpretation

A rigorous procedure for reducing gel permeation chromatography elution data to differential molecular weight distribution curves is discussed and demonstrated by two sample calculations. The errors introduced by failure to correct the ordinates of the elution curve by means of a differential calibration curve are identified, and a simple graphical conversion procedure is illustrated.
A novel design approach of ATM switches for VLSI implementations

A novel design approach of combined input/output buffered ATM switches, is presented. The switch design problem is formulated as a non-linear discrete optimization problem: given the system requirements such as packet delay, loss probability, and switch throughput, find the input buffer size Bi, output buffer size Bo, and speed-up factor L, of a N by N such switch such that the switch implementation cost, the number of pin-limited chips, is minimized. This approach uses a simple and accurate Markov chain performance analysis which can deal with arbitrary switch size and buffer sizes. Different switch and FIFO architectures are compared from VLSI implementation aspects to show design trade-offs and necessity of the proposed design approach. >
Important Differences Exist in Posterior Condylar Offsets in an Osteological Collection of 1,058 Femurs.

Abstract Posterior condylar offset (PCO) has important implications in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) function and design. In an osteological study of 1,058 femurs, we measured PCO using two separate techniques with a 3D digitizer. Measurements were standardized for the size of the femur. The medial PCO was greater than lateral PCO (32.6mm vs. 31.2mm, P P =0.006) and lateral (1.1mm vs. 1.0mm, P =0.004) PCOs. The standardized medial (1.2mm vs. 1.3mm, P =0.073), and lateral (1.1mm vs. 1.1mm, P =0.098), PCO did not differ between men and women, respectively.
Periodontal Pathogens and Risk of Incident Cancer in Postmenopausal Females: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study

Background: Extraoral translocation of oral bacteria may contribute to associations between periodontal disease and cancer. The associations among the presence of three orange-complex periodontal pathogens (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Campylobacter rectus), two red-complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia), and cancer risk were investigated.Methods: A total of 1,252 postmenopausal females enrolled in the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease Study were followed prospectively. Baseline subgingival plaque samples were assessed for the presence of periodontal pathogens using indirect immunofluorescence. Incident cancer cases were adjudicated by staff physicians via review of medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of periodontal pathogens with total cancer and site-specific cancer risk in unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted mod...
Discriminative unsupervised dimensionality reduction

As an important machine learning topic, dimensionality reduction has been widely studied and utilized in various kinds of areas. A multitude of dimensionality reduction methods have been developed, among which unsupervised dimensionality reduction is more desirable when obtaining label information requires onerous work. However, most previous unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods call for an affinity graph constructed beforehand, with which the following dimensionality reduction steps can be then performed. Separation of graph construction and dimensionality reduction leads the dimensionality reduction process highly dependent on quality of the input graph. In this paper, we propose a novel graph embedding method for unsupervised dimensionality reduction. We simultaneously conduct dimensionality reduction along with graph construction by assigning adaptive and optimal neighbors according to the projected local distances. Our method doesn't need an affinity graph constructed in advance, but instead learns the graph concurrently with dimensionality reduction. Thus, the learned graph is optimal for dimensionality reduction. Meanwhile, our learned graph has an explicit block diagonal structure, from which the clustering results could be directly revealed without any postprocessing steps. Extensive empirical results on dimensionality reduction as well as clustering are presented to corroborate the performance of our method.
A brief history of prions

Proteins were described as distinct biological molecules and their significance in cellular processes was recognized as early as the 18th century. At the same time, Spanish shepherds observed a disease that compelled their Merino sheep to pathologically scrape against fences, a defining clinical sign that led to the disease being named scrapie. In the late 19th century, Robert Koch published his postulates for defining causative agents of disease. In the early 20th century, pathologists Creutzfeldt and Jakob described a neurodegenerative disease that would later be included with scrapie into a group of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Later that century, mounting evidence compelled a handful of scientists to betray the prevailing biological dogma governing pathogen replication that Watson and Crick so convincingly explained by cracking the genetic code just two decades earlier. Because TSEs seemed to defy these new rules, J.S. Griffith theorized mechanisms by which a pathogenic protein could encipher its own replication blueprint without a genetic code. Stanley Prusiner called this proteinaceous infectious pathogen a prion. Here we offer a concise account of the discovery of prions, the causative agent of TSEs, in the wider context of protein biochemistry and infectious disease. We highlight the discovery of prions in yeast and discuss the implication of prions as epigenomic carriers of biological and pathological information. We also consider expanding the prion hypothesis to include other proteins whose alternate isoforms confer new biological or pathological properties.
Comparative Therapeutic Effects of Sulfapyridine in Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Mice.

It has been shown that sulfanilamide has a slight therapeutic effect in the treatment of experimental staphylococcal infections in mice.1, 2, 3 However, its efficacy has not been great and the drug has been of little value in the treatment of staphylococcal infections in man, in which the tissues or blood stream have been seriously invaded by these organisms. Recently Whitby4 without giving details of his experiments has shown that sulfapyridine has a definite chemotherapeutic effect in experimental staphylococcal infections in mice.We have been testing the comparative therapeutic effects of sulfapyridine and sulfanilamide in experimental staphylococcus aureus infections produced in mice by the intravenous injections of varying numbers of organisms. The technic of producing such infections and the time and method of treatment have been described previously by us.3It is to be noted that in each experiment, the untreated control mice were dead by the sixth day, and at the end of the first week of treatment ...
Collision detection among moving objects in simulation

本論文は複数台のロボット間の衝突チェックのアルゴリズムを提案する. 複数台のロボットの動きをオフラインでプログラムする場合, 安全の確認のために単にグラフィックスを用いてシミュレーションをして表示するだけでなく, ロボットが互いに衝突しないことを確かめなければならない. グラフィックスを使った目視チェックだけでは信頼性が劣るので, コンピュータに衝突チェックを行わせたい. 本論文ではまずロボット同士の衝突検出アルゴリズムに必要とされる性質を明らかにする. そしてその性質を満たすアルゴリズムを提案する. このアルゴリズムは, 時間の関数として運動が表されている物体間の衝突が起きる時の条件式を導いて解くという方法をとる. 衝突が起きるのは, 頂点が面に衝突するときと, 辺が辺に衝突するときであり, 本論文においてこれらの条件式を導出する. そして計算量を見積もり, 計算の誤差について考察する. 最後にインプリメンテーション上の問題点と実験結果を示す.
Altered Contractile Machinery in Airway Epithelial Cells in Response to Cigarette Smoke

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 3rd leading cause of death in the US with cigarette smoke being the primary insult leading to disease progression. While the lung epithelium is the site that makes initial and primary contact with the inhaled cigarette smoke, we do not understand the role of cytoskeleton and cell mechanics in the airway response to cigarette smoke. We know that cytoskeletal proteins, such as myosin II, actin, alpha-actinin, the catenins, and E-cadherin, are involved in cell-cell adhesion formation and barrier function of the lung. Furthermore, E-cadherin levels decrease in primary epithelial cells from COPD patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that cigarette smoke drives key cytoskeletal protein changes that lead to alterations in barrier function and thereby influence the development of chronic lung disease. To test this, we studied major cytoskeletal (actin and nonmuscle myosin II isoforms) and cell adhesion proteins (E-cadherin) in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE, collected directly from human patients) or 16HBE cells (primary human bronchial epithelial cell line) grown on an air-liquid interface. Using a Vitrocell smoke chamber, we found that in response to acute smoke exposure (four cigarettes in 24 hrs), myosin IIB and actin assembled into apical stress fibers, which are not normally found in airway epithelial cells. Cigarette smoke exposure also resulted in decreased total E-cadherin levels as well as decreased E-cadherin at the basolateral surface. Thus, cigarette smoke promotes dramatic acute cytoskeletal changes that likely lead to altered cell mechanical properties (tension, elasticity), which in turn lead to reduced epithelial barrier function and our data suggest that epithelial barrier function is critical in dictating chronic tissue responses that contributes to COPD development and progression.
Does immediate tissue expander placement increase immediate postoperative complications in patients with breast cancer

Abstract The objectives of this study were to evaluate 1) the rate of immediate breast reconstruction; 2) the frequency of immediate tissue expander placement; and 3) to compare perioperative outcomes in patients who underwent breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer with immediate tissue expander placement (TE) with those with no reconstruction (NR). Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, we examined the clinical data of patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy with or without immediate TE from 2006 to 2010 in the United States. A total of 344,253 patients with breast cancer underwent mastectomy in this period in the United States. Of these patients, 31 per cent had immediate breast reconstruction. We only included patients with mastectomy and no reconstruction (NR: 237,825 patients) and patients who underwent only TE placement with no other reconstruction combination (TE: 61,178 patients) to this study. Patients in the TE group had a lower overall postoperative complication rate (2.6 vs 5.5%; P < 0.01) and lower in-hospital mortality rate (0.01 vs 0.09%; P < 0.01) compared with the NR group. Fifty-three per cent of patients in the NR group were discharged the day of surgery compared with 36 per cent of patients in the TE group. Using multivariate regression analyses and adjusting patient characteristics and comorbidities, patients in the TE group had a significantly lower overall complication rate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.6) and lower in-hospital mortality (AOR, 0.2) compared with the NR group. The rate of immediate reconstruction is 31 per cent. TE alone is the most common type of immediate reconstruction (57%). There is a lower complication rate for the patients who underwent immediate TE versus the no-reconstruction cohort.
Case: small bump at edge of scar where lesion removed.

Consider recurrent basal cell carcinoma if a lesion recurs at the margin of the original scar.
8 – SAMPLE PREPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR LIQUID SCINTILLATION ANALYSIS

It is a sad but very true observation that sample preparation is considered an inconvenient step on the way to obtaining results. Consequently, it is only when the results obtained are different to those expected that the cry “There's something wrong with the cocktail” is heard. While this may or may not be true, the technique of sample preparation in general is only rarely considered responsible for the unexpected results. Correct sample preparation in liquid scintillation analysis (LSA) is essential for both accurate and reproducible analysis, and no amount of instrumental sophistication can ever fully compensate for the problems attendant to a badly prepared sample. Good sample preparation guarantees that the sample will be stable during the analysis, and therefore provides a solid foundation for accurate results. Sample preparation encompasses a wide variety of methods and techniques, and includes dissolution, distillation, extraction, solubilization, digestion, suspension, and combustion. All of these methods of sample preparation hold pitfalls for the unwary and some expertise is generally required. Common to all sample preparation methods is the liquid scintillation counting (LSC) cocktail, and this is the medium that holds the sample during the analysis process. The LSC cocktail is both fundamental to and necessary for the analysis; therefore correct cocktail selection is a critical step in sample preparation.
Abstract # 1832 Caregiving distress and childhood trauma associate with decline in cortisol over time among mothers of children newly diagnosed with cancer

Hypocortisolism associates with chronic stress and prior stressful experiences, including childhood trauma (CT). Caring for a child with cancer is a provocative stressor. Although most mothers cope well, 25–30% show prolonged distress that may impact HPA-axis functioning. We followed 120 mothers for one year after their child’s diagnosis. Monthly assessments of psychological distress showed 11.7% with stable high or increasing levels of distress over time (HR:high risk). Hair cortisol (HCORT) levels were assessed at 10 time points across this period. When compared with mothers who showed decreasing distress (88.3%; LR:low risk), the HR group endorsed more CT (F = 9.89, p = .002), including emotional abuse (EmAb; F = 9.83, p = .002), and emotional (F = 9.70, p = .003) and physical neglect (F = 6.78, p = .011), and declining levels of HCORT (B = −.05, p .05) and group differences were independent of these factors. CT and EmAb predicted decreasing HCORT over time (B = −.0006 and −.003, p .05). CT may partially account for the group difference in HCORT trajectory, with individuals with a history of CT at increased risk for decreases in cortisol in response to life stress, possibly placing them at increased health risk.
Riverine Bacterial Communities Reveal Environmental Disturbance Signatures within the Betaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia

Riverine bacterial communities play an essential role in the biogeochemical coupling of terrestrial and marine environments, transforming elements and organic matter in their journey from land to sea. However, precisely due to the fact that rivers receive significant terrestrial input, the distinction between resident freshwater taxa versus land-derived microbes can often become ambiguous. Furthermore, ecosystem perturbations could introduce allochthonous microbial groups and reshape riverine bacterial communities. Using full- and partial-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, we analyzed the composition of bacterial communities in the Tar River of North Carolina from November 2010 to November 2010, during which a natural perturbation occurred: the inundation of the lower reaches of an otherwise drought-stricken river associated with Hurricane Irene, which passed over eastern North Carolina in late August 2011. This event provided the opportunity to examine the microbiological, hydrological and geochemical impacts of a disturbance, defined here as the large freshwater influx into the Tar River, superimposed on seasonal changes or other ecosystem variability independent of the hurricane. Our findings demonstrate that downstream communities are more taxonomically diverse and temporally variable than their upstream counterparts. More importantly, pre- versus post-disturbance taxonomic comparison of the freshwater-dominant Betaproteobacteria class and the phylum Verrucomicrobia reveal a disturbance signature of previously undetected taxa of diverse origins. We use known traits of closely-related taxa to interpret the ecological function of disturbance-associated bacteria, and hypothesize that carbon cycling was enhanced post-disturbance in the Tar River, likely due to the flux of organic carbon into the system associated with the large freshwater pulse. Our analyses demonstrate the importance of geochemical and hydrological alterations in structuring bacterial communities, and illustrate the response of temperate riverine bacteria on fine taxonomic scales to a disturbance.
Changes of Megakaryocyte Gene Expression When Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Transform Into Myelofibrosis (Post-ET MF) by Microarray Analysis,

Abstract 3845 Patients with ET eventually transform into Post- ET MF. The underlying mechanism of the transformation is still unknown. Megakaryocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of bone marrow fibrosis in MF; ET and Post-ET MF also are characterized by abnormal megakaryocytic proliferation. Therefore we have performed microarray analysis of gene expression profiles to compare megakaryocytes derived from patients with Post-ET MF to ET. CD 34+ cells were obtained from peripheral blood, then cultured with Serum-Free Medium of stem cell factor (100 ng/mL) and thrombopoietin (TPO 100 ng/mL). Megakaryocytes (MK) were obtained by MACS selection of CD 61+ cells after 10 days culture. MK from two pooled ET-MF and a pooled from eight ET patients were extracted into RNA then converted to cDNA and amplified by PCR, followed by hybridization to an oligonucleotide microchip in PhalanxBio Inc. (Palo Alto, Ca). Gene expression levels in MK cells from ET-MF patients expressed in threshold cycle (CT) values were validated by statistical analysis of replicates and normalized to that from pooled ET patients to generate fold-change and statistical relevance. The resulting signal log ratios (SLRs) were used to classify the expressed genes into various groups according to its graded values. The results of post-ET MF compared with ET were as follows: 1) with analysis of 4544 genes, SLR 1, 2) in apoptosis genes, over expressed genes were IGF-1R, CFLAR, NFKBA,(GLR between 1–1.5) down-regulated genes were BAX, LGALSI, PPPIR 15A, CASP3 (GLR between -0.5 to -0.1), 3) in cell cycle controlling genes, over expressed were IL8, INSIG1, IGF-1R, BCL3(GLR between 1 to 1.5), down-regulated were PPPIR15A (GLR= -0.7). 4) in megakaryocyte-important development genes, growth factor genes including PDGF A, C were up-regulated (GLR=1.8), and VEG B was down-regulated (GLR= -1. 4):; growth factor receptor genes including IL1R 1and 2, CXCR4, IL8, PF4 were up-regulated (GLR between 1–2), IL3RA, KIT were down-regulated (GLR between -1.6 to -3); cell cycle regulator genes including CCND1, 3, RASGRP3 were up-regulated (GLR between 1 to 2.5), CDK4 was down-regulated (GLR = -1); transcription regulators including CEBPE, CEBPG were up-regulated (GLR-1.5); all Signal transducers including all STAT 1–5, MAK14 were up-regulated (GLR between 1.5 to 2.4). There are 20 up-regulated genes and 20 down-regulated genes which need further analysis for their function. These analyses of MK genes comparison between Post ET-MF and ET suggest that many anti-apoptosis, cell cycle regulator genes, growth factor genes, growth factor receptor genes and all of the signal transducer genes for the MK development genes were up-regulated while many of the pro-apoptosis genes were down-regulated. These gene changes found in the present study, when transformation of ET into post-ET MF occurs will be important for understanding this disease process and target therapy may be emerged. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Gender differences in chronic constipation on anorectal motility.

BACKGROUND The epidemiology of chronic constipation (CC) skews toward female predominance, yet men make up an important component of those suffering from CC. We sought to determine whether there are sex-specific differences in symptoms and physiologic parameters on anorectal manometry (ARM). METHODS We performed a case-control analysis of sequential men and age-matched women (2:1 ratio) presenting for ARM as part of the evaluation of CC. We collected physiologic parameters derived from 3D high-resolution ARM in addition to the ROME III constipation module and the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory 20 (PFDI-20) questionnaires. We analyzed univariate, sex-specific differences in ARM physiologic parameters and PFDI-20 parameters and adjusted for putative confounders using multivariate logistic regression. KEY RESULTS Our study enrolled 80 men and 165 age-matched women. Men had a higher median sphincter resting pressure (81.2 vs 75.2 mm Hg, P=.01) and mean squeeze pressure (257.0 vs 170.5 mm Hg, P<.0001) than women. Although men reported significantly less severe straining and incomplete evacuation, they had greater mean rectoanal pressure differential (-106.7 vs -71.1 mm Hg, P<.0001), smaller mean defecation index (0.17 vs 0.27, P=.03) and higher volume threshold for urgency (115.2 v. 103.4 mL, P=.03). However, women were more likely to have abnormal balloon expulsion time (BET) than men (52.7% vs 35.0%, P=.01). After multivariate analysis, male gender was the only independent predictor of a normal BET (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.86, P=.01). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Men and women with CC differ with regard to symptom severity and physiologic parameters derived from ARM suggesting differences in their pathophysiology.
Best Practices in Multicultural Assessment of Cognition

In this chapter, the author emphasizes that the continuing demographic shift in the United States has created an increasing need for assessment procedures that accurately reflect the abilities and skills of individuals who are culturally and linguistically diverse. Assessment of these individuals presents a variety of challenges, including but not limited to availability of tests that include nonnative English speakers and bilingual individuals in the standardization sample, knowledge about the cultural and language loading of assessment items, examiners with proficiency in understanding the issues related to culture and language acquisition, and with the ability to determine the potentially negative impact of cultural and linguistic loading of particular tests on examinee performance. By considering the factors presented above, as well as careful selection of instruments, examiners can work toward more accurate evaluation of an individual’s abilities and skills.
Geographic variation in Risso's dolphin echolocation click spectra

Discrimination of bioacoustic signals to the species or population level is critical for using passive acoustic monitoring to study cetacean ecology. Risso's dolphins off southern California have distinctive peaks and notches in their echolocation clicks, but it was unknown whether Risso's dolphins from other geographic areas have similarly distinctive click spectra and whether populations are acoustically distinct. This study investigates using clicks for species and population identification by characterizing the spectral structure of Risso's dolphin echolocation clicks recorded over wide-ranging geographic regions including the U.S. waters of the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and North Pacific Ocean; and international waters of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. All recordings with Risso's dolphin clicks exhibited the spectral peak and notch pattern described off southern California, indicating the presence of peak banding patterns is useful for species discrimination. Geographic regions were a significant explanatory factor for variability in the frequencies of click spectral peaks, with relatively higher frequency peaks and notches found off Hawaii compared to California waters and off the southeast U.S. compared to the Gulf of Mexico. In the North Atlantic Ocean, a latitudinal cline in frequencies was evident. Potential causes of acoustic variation within and among acoustic encounters are evaluated.
Free extracellular enzymes dominate initial peptide hydrolysis in coastal seawater

Abstract Extracellular hydrolysis cleaves large compounds into small molecules to be available to bacteria, which is a key step in decomposition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean. To decipher factors controlling initial peptide hydrolysis, tetrapeptide ala-val-phe-ala (AVFA) was incubated for 2 h in coastal seawater treated as unfiltered, 0.2 μm-filtered, mercury chloride (HgCl 2)-added, autoclaved, and 0.2 μm-filtered autoclaved. Similar hydrolysis patterns were observed between unfiltered and 0.2 μm-filtered treatments, indicating initial peptide hydrolysis was due to free rather than attached enzymes. Hydrolysis was negligible in autoclaved treatments but significant in the HgCl2 treatment, suggesting that the hydrolytic enzymes were denatured by the high temperature during autoclaving but not affected by HgCl2 . Initial AVFA hydrolysis by free enzymes was dominated by aminopeptidases, derived from the hydrolyzed fragments. This study demonstrates the important role of free enzymes in initial peptide hydrolysis in coastal seawater, acting as the immediate responders to labile substrates in the DOM cycling.
Introduction: On James, Mastery, and Transgression

This book represents a close conversation between two traditions in James studies: feminist and queer theoretical readings of his work, life, and/or influence. James’s relationship to what his contemporaries called “the woman question” both is and is not consistent with his era’s conventions. His focus often is on feminine viewpoints, but this doesn’t necessarily make him a feminist (or, indeed, not feminist)—reading him in either way may actually blind us to his negotiations with ideals of masculinity and femininity. His letters to Annie Fields, a Boston women’s rights activist, have never fully been considered by scholars. Emily Dickinson’s reading of James’s The Europeans suggests grounds for a fuller comparison. Marguerite Duras’s theatrical adaptations of James suggest his resonances with her postwar French feminist perspective.
Socio Economic Patterns of Outdoor Recreation Use Near Urban Areas — A Comment

(1972). Socio Economic Patterns of Outdoor Recreation Use Near Urban Areas — A Comment. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 218-219.