cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A plasmid-encoded type IV fimbrial gene of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli associated with localized adherence.

Summary Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) form adherent microcolonies on the surface of tissue culture cells in a pattern termed localized adherence. Localized adherence requires the presence of a large EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. Recently a bundle-forming pilus has been described in EPEC possessing the EAF plasmid. An analysis of 22 non-invasive EPEC TnphoA mutants revealed that seven have insertions in the EAF plasmid and are incapable of localized adherence. We report here the mapping of the TnphoA insertions in these mutants. The nucleotide sequence of the gene interrupted in these TnphoA mutants (bfpA) was determined and found to correspond to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the major structural protein of the bundle-forming pilus. The bfpA gene bears sequence similarities to members of the type IV fimbrial gene family and encodes a potential site for processing by a prepilin peptidase. A plasmid containing bfpA as the only open reading frame directs the synthesis of a protein recognized by antiserum raised against the bundle-forming pilus. TnphoA mutants at this locus are unable to synthesize BfpA, but synthesis is restored by introduction of a plasmid containing the cloned gene. The minimum fragment of DNA required to restore localized adherence is considerably greater than that required to restore BfpA synthesis. BfpA expression, as assessed by alkaline phophatase activity in bfpA::TnphoA mutants, is affected by temperature and growth medium. These studies describe an EPEC plasmid-encoded fimbrial gene, a candidate for the elusive EPEC adherence factor responsible for localized adherence.
Extended-Interval Aminoglycoside Dosing for Treatment of Enterococcal and Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis

BACKGROUND:Gram-positive osteomyelitis requires long-term antibiotic therapy, much of which is often administered in the outpatient setting. Historically, synergistic aminoglycoside use in these infections requires multiple daily doses, which can be inconvenient. Data regarding extended-interval aminoglycoside dosing (EIAD), also known as once-daily dosing, in this setting are lacking.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of EIAD in the treatment of gram-positive osteomyelitis.METHODS:Retrospective chart review of adult patients treated for documented, gram-positive osteomyelitis with EIAD at the University of New Mexico Home IV Antibiotic Clinic was conducted. The patients' medical records were reviewed by an infectious diseases clinical pharmacist. Clinical and microbiologic outcomes and the incidence of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were the main outcome measures.RESULTS:Fifteen patients (16 events) were included. Enterococcus spp. was the most common organism isolated. Nine patients had infec...
The Effect of Sample Size on the Extended Self-Organizing Map Network for Market Segmentation

Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map (SOM) network maps input data to a lower dimensional output map. The extended SOM network further groups the nodes on the output map into a user specified number of clusters. Kiang, Hu and Fisher used the extended SOM network for market segmentation and showed that the extended SOM provides better results than the statistical approach that reduces the dimensionality of the problem via factor analysis and then forms segments with cluster analysis. In this study we examine the effect of sample size on the extended SOM compared to that on the factor/cluster approach. Comparisons will be made using the correct classification rates between the two approaches at various sample sizes. Unlike statistical models, neural networks are not dependent on statistical assumptions. Thus we expect the results for neural network models to be stable across sample sizes but may be sensitive to initial weights and model specifications.
I–K distribution as a universal propagation model of laser beams in atmospheric turbulence

A new propagation model is developed for the intensity fluctuations of a laser beam propagating through extended clear-air turbulence. The field of the optical wave is modeled as the sum of a coherent (deterministic) component and a random component, the intensity of which is assumed governed by the generalized n distribution of Nakagami. We further assume that the statistics are inherently nonstationary by treating the average intensity of the random portion of the field as a fluctuating quantity. The resulting unconditional I–K distribution for the intensity fluctuations is a generalized form of the K distribution that is applicable to all conditions of atmospheric turbulence for which data have been obtained, including weak turbulence for which the K distribution is not theoretically applicable.
Optimization of Criteria for Verification of Automated Platelet Counts Generated by the Sysmex XE-2100 Hematology Analyzer

Background Verification of automated platelet counts by blood smear examination is necessary but time consuming. This study was undertaken to optimize the criteria for performing platelet scans. Methods Platelet scans were performed on 796 blood smears made from specimens that were either flagged for (a) platelet abnormal distribution or PAD (group I), (b) platelet clumps or CLP (group II), (c) PAD + CLP (group III), or (d) had a platelet count below 100,000/μL (group IV). Based on the findings of the platelet scans, a percent positive yield was determined for each group of specimens. Results Percent positive yields of 8.9, 30.0, 35.3, and 1.9 were obtained from platelet scan findings for groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Conclusions Optimal criteria for performing platelet scans excluded the PAD flag and the follow-up platelet counts below 100,000/μL but included specimens flagged for CLP and the initial platelet counts below 100,000/μL.
Stability of Triamcinolone Acetonide Solutions as Determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A stability-indicating assay method based on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the quantitation of triamcinolone acetonide. The method was used to study the stability of triamcinolone acetonide in water--ethanol solutions of varying pH, buffer concentration, and ionic strength. The decomposition of triamcinolone followed pseudo-first-order law and was minimal at pH approximately 3.4. Above pH 5.5, the decomposition increased rapidly and was directly related to phosphate buffer concentration. The decomposition decreased with increasing ionic strength when the pH of the solution was greater than 7. Two new peaks corresponding to decomposition products were noted in the chromatogram; their ratio varied significantly with the composition of the vehicle.
Modeling Gross Damage in Tile-Based Nanomanufacturing by DNA Self-Assembly

This paper proposes a novel model for gross damage as occurring in tile-based nanomanufacturing by DNA self-assembly. Gross damage occurs due to exogenous agents (such as radiation and tip-sample interactions) and is modeled as a hole (with a large number of empty tile sites) in the aggregate of the self-assembly. A stochastic analysis based on Markov chains for the tile binding process is pursued for regrowth of the tiles. This analysis establishes resilience as the probability to regrow the target pattern in the area affected by the gross damage. The conditions by which regrowth of a hole is favorable (i.e., at high resilience) compared with normal growth are established by considering temperature of aggregation and bond energy. As examples, two patterns for nano interconnects are analyzed based on the proposed model.
Bullies Move Beyond the Schoolyard A Preliminary Look at Cyberbullying

Bullying in a school setting is an important social concern that has received increased scholarly attention in recent years. Specifically, its causes and effects have been under investigation by a number of researchers in the social and behavioral sciences. A new permutation of bullying, however, has recently arisen and become more common: Techsavvy students are turning to cyberspace to harass their peers. This exploratory article discusses the nature of bullying and its transmutation to the electronic world and the negative repercussions that can befall both its victims and instigators. In addition, findings are reported from a pilot study designed to empirically assess the nature and extent of online bullying. The overall goal of the current work is to illuminate this novel form of deviance stemming from the intersection of communications and computers and to provide a foundational backdrop on which future empirical research can be conducted.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia and sarcoidosis. Implications for pathogenesis

A disorder characterized by anemia and neutropenia due to impaired bone marrow function and a multisystem noncaseating granulomatous (NCG) disorder typical of sarcoidosis, culminated in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) in a patient after 6 years of observation. Linkage between the leukemia and sarcoidosis is suggested by a precedent case report, by the statistical remoteness of a fortuitous concurrence, by numerous reported instances of regional or systemic NCG accompanying a variety of malignancies, and by evidence of AML immunogenicity. It appears possible that the sarcoidosis in this patient represented a tissue reaction to the AML.
Treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Treatment options for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia have changed over the past two decades. This article reviews the experience accumulated with the use of alkylating agents alone and in combination; purine analogues alone and in combination and monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, and alemtuzumab alone and in combination. The results obtained with different treatment strategies are summarized, compared, and reviewed.
Maximum likelihood DOA estimation and detection without eigendecomposition

Most popular techniques for the narrowband direction of arrival (DOA) problem rely on an eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) computation to determine both the number of signals and their respective DOAs. An alternative algorithm is presented that solves both the DOA detection and estimation problems without resorting to an EVD. The algorithm is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the (stochastic) maximum likelihood method, and hence yields asymptotically minimum variance DOA estimates. In addition, the asymptotic distribution of the algorithm's cost function is derived and is shown to be composed of the sum of two differently scaled chi-squared random variables. A hypothesis test for determining the number of signals based on this result is presented. >
The Facilitation of Organizational Change: An Empirical Study of Factors Predicting Change Agents' Effectiveness

This article presents the results of an investigation of whether the personality characteristics and behavioral tendencies of effective organization development (OD) consultants differ significantly from those of less effective ones. From an extensive review of the literature by the author and a panel of three judges, three categories of characteristics were derived for testing: openness and responsiveness to others' needs and concerns, comfort with ambiguity and the ability to make sense of it, and comfort with oneself in relation to others. The study subjects, 105 OD consultants in the U.S. Navy, completed three personality instruments. Peers, fellow consulting team members, and superiors of these consultants (also OD consultants) also rated the subjects' consulting effectiveness. Multivariate analyses showed a strong, significant relationship between consultant effectiveness and the characteristics assigned to the three categories. The results strongly support the hypotheses that the personality charac...
Improved velocimetry in optical coherence tomography using Bayesian analysis

OCT is a popular cross-sectional microscale imaging modality in medicine and biology. While structural imaging using OCT is a mature technology in many respects, flow and motion estimation using OCT remains an intense area of research. In particular, there is keen interest in maximizing information extraction from the complex-valued OCT signal. Here, we introduce a Bayesian framework into the data workflow in OCT-based velocimetry. We demonstrate that using prior information in this Bayesian framework can significantly improve velocity estimate precision in a correlation-based, model-based framework for Doppler and transverse velocimetry. We show results in calibrated flow phantoms as well as in vivo in a Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) heart. Thus, our work improves upon the current approaches in terms of improved information extraction from the complex-valued OCT signal.
Frustrations Among Graduates of Athletic Training Education Programs

Context : Although previous researchers have begun to identify sources of athletic training student stress, the specific reasons for student frustrations are not yet fully understood. It is importa...
Early Use of Adjuvant Breast Radiation Therapy and the Recognition of Radiation Pneumonitis

Breast cancer was among the first malignancies to be treated by x-irradiation (1). Initially, radiation therapy was limited to palliation of unresectable or recurrent disease or for patients unwilling to undergo mastectomy (2). Postsurgical recurrences were so common, however, that by 1905, prophylactic “raying” was often applied both before and after surgery (3) (intraoperative irradiation was also used [4]). Preoperative treatment was
Glucksberg, Lawrence, and the Decline of Loving's Marriage Precedent

In the debate over the constitutionality of laws banning same-sex marriage, both sides look to Loving v. Virginia, the seminal 1967 Supreme Court case which struck down a Virginia statute banning interracial marriage. Proponents of same-sex marriage claim that a ban on same-sex marriage violates the fundamental right to marriage as acknowledged by Loving, and discriminates on the basis of sexual orientation. Opponents of same-sex marriage argue that race and sexual orientation are not legal equivalents in an attempt to distinguish Loving. Both sides, however, fail to recognize that Loving is distinguishable on the basis of what rights are at issue, rather than what parties are allowed to marry. Specifically, at the time of Loving, marriage was the only context in which there was a right to cohabit and a right to sexual intimacy. In contrast, those core rights of marriage that the Court found to be fundamental in 1967 have been recognized outside of the institution of marriage by legal developments in the intervening years. Consequently, changes in laws banning cohabitation and fornication affect any marriage precedent that assumes the existence of those laws. This note examines how those legal developments have affected the precedential value of Loving in particular, rather than marriage case law in general. It then applies the Supreme Court’s methodology for defining fundamental rights as outlined in Washington v. Glucksberg, which requires a court to consider the specific conduct prohibited by the statute in question before determining if it is a fundamental right. Developments in the law, culminating in Lawrence v. Texas, have recognized the right to cohabit and the right to consensual sexual intimacy, and in so doing have deprived marriage of its status as the exclusive domain where those rights can legally be exercised. The combination of Glucksberg’s methodology and the elimination of laws banning cohabitation and fornication renders Loving’s substantive due process holding irrelevant to the debate. In current same-sex marriage cases, both sides, as well as the courts, will be unable to rely on it as precedent.
Injuries to the Medial Ligaments of the Ankle: Result Study

A study of injuries of the deltoid ligament of the ankle in anatomical and clinical material indicates that solitary injury to this ligament is rare; it is more commonly found along with other injuries, including a fracture of the distal part of the fibula. A survey was made of patients treated at the Hitchcock Hospital for major injuries of the deltoid ligament (110 patients in a thirteen-year period). Almost all of these patients were treated by closed reduction and external splinting. In eighty-three patients treated conservatively and with follow-up data available, only eleven had any disability and this was mild. A small number treated by open surgery showed comparable results. On the basis of this study it would seem that the majority of ankles with a complex of injuries including rupture of the deltoid ligament can be treated well by closed reduction and external splinting.
A Field Insectary for Ground Beetles

The field insectary I designed and built to serve for long-term research on biology of ground beetles provides seasonal temperatures similar to those existing beneath the soil surface of a cornfield. Such a facility was needed to resolve the temperature-related rearing problems that have arisen during attempts to study the biology of these beetles in the field and in the laboratory as part of a program for use of carabids to control insect pests of corn and small grains. For example, starting with field-collected adults, I have reared several species of ground beetles through their life cycle in the laboratory at room temperature (20°C); however, these laboratory-reared adults seldom laid eggs. Temperature changes in the beetles' subterranean habitats occur less rapidly and are less extreme than those above ground, and the effects of the long-term (seasonal) variations may be significant to the rearing of successive generations. The variations also may affect hibernation and diapause and such activities as feeding, mating and oviposition, egg hatch, larval development, and pupation. Therefore, rearing temperatures similar to those found in the field should provide us with data closely correlated with field observations.
Retrieval-practice task affects relationship between working memory capacity and retrieval-induced forgetting

Retrieving a subset of items from memory can cause forgetting of other items in memory, a phenomenon referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). Individuals who exhibit greater amounts of RIF have been shown to also exhibit superior working memory capacity (WMC) and faster stop-signal reaction times (SSRTs), results which have been interpreted as suggesting that RIF reflects an inhibitory process that is mediated by the processes of executive control. Across four experiments, we sought to further elucidate this issue by manipulating the way in which participants retrieved items during retrieval practice and examining how the resulting effects of forgetting correlated with WMC (Experiments 1-3) and SSRT (Experiment 4). Significant correlations were observed when participants retrieved items from an earlier study phase (within-list retrieval practice), but not when participants generated items from semantic memory (extra-list retrieval practice). These results provide important new insight into the role of executive-control processes in RIF.
Management of Iatrogenic Pseudoaneurysms in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Objective:A plethora of papers have been written regarding postcatheterization femoral pseudoaneurysms. However, literature is lacking on pseudoaneurysmal management in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Thus, we examined if pseudoaneurysms with subsequent CABG can be managed with the same strategies as those not exposed to the intense anticoagulation accompanying CABGs.Methods:During a 14-year study period, we retrospectively examined femoral iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms (IPSAs) diagnosed postheart catheterization in patients having a subsequent CABG. Patient information was obtained from electronic medical records and included pseudoaneurysm characteristics, treatment, and resolution. Outcomes of interest included the occurrence of IPSA treatment failures and complications.Results:In the 66 patients (mean age, 66 ± 11 years, 46% male) meeting inclusion criteria, mean dose of heparin received during the CABG procedure was 34 000 ± 23 000 units. The IPSA size distribution was the fo...
Effects of induced hyperprolactinemia on in vitro fertilization cycles

Objective To investigate the effect of induced endogenous hyperprolactinemia on the luteinization process, as expressed by the shift in the P:E 2 ratio after hCG injection in IVF cycles. Patients and Interventions Serum PRL, E 2 , and P levels were measured in 49 IVF patients (leuprolide acetate and hMG protocol) on the day of hCG injection. Estradiol and P also were measured on the day after hCG. Serum P:E 2 ratios were calculated for two groups of patients; group I (control): PRL ≤ 20 ng/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 1.00); group II (hyperprolactinemia): PRL > 20 ng/mL. Estradiol and P also were measured in follicular fluid (FF) and the gamete performance was compared between groups. Results Data analysis showed no significant differences in the mean ± SD serum peak E 2 (pg/mL; conversion factor to SI unit, 3.671) between groups: group I, 1,769 ± 843; group II, 2,333 ± 1,194; the mean FF E 2 (pg/mL) group I, 351 ± 221; group II, 370 ± 186; or the mean FF P (ng/mL; conversion factor to SI unit, 3.180) group I, 8,357 ± 3,127; group II, 11,354 ± 12,888. No significant differences were found between groups in the P:E 2 ratios on days 1 or 2: group I, 78 ± 48 and 209 ± 137; group II, 70 ± 47 and 224 ± 197, respectively. The magnitude of the P shift also showed no significant difference between the two groups; the mean ± SD shift in the P level was 2.9 ± 2.2 for group I, and 4.3 ±5.1 for group II. The serum PRL level had no effect on the fertilization rate (60% for group I and 70% for group II) or on the pregnancy rate (17% for group I and 23% for group II). Conclusion These findings suggest that mild endogenous hyperprolactinemia induced by ovarian stimulation does not affect granulosa cell luteinization and gamete performance in humans.
Biomechanical effects of maxillary expansion on a patient with cleft palate: A finite element analysis.

Introduction The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of rapid palatal expansion on the craniofacial skeleton of a patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to predict the points of force application for optimal expansion using a 3-dimensional finite element model. Methods A 3-dimensional finite element model of the craniofacial complex with UCLP was generated from spiral computed tomographic scans with imaging software (Mimics, version 13.1; Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). This model was imported into the finite element solver (version 12.0; ANSYS, Canonsburg, Pa) to evaluate transverse expansion forces from rapid palatal expansion. Finite element analysis was performed with transverse expansion to achieve 5 mm of anterolateral expansion of the collapsed minor segment to simulate correction of the anterior crossbite in a patient with UCLP. Results High-stress concentrations were observed at the body of the sphenoid, medial to the orbit, and at the inferior area of the zygomatic process of the maxilla. The craniofacial stress distribution was asymmetric, with higher stress levels on the cleft side. When forces were applied more anteriorly on the collapsed minor segment and more posteriorly on the major segment, there was greater expansion of the anterior region of the minor segment with minimal expansion of the major segment. Conclusions The transverse expansion forces from rapid palatal expansion are distributed to the 3 maxillary buttresses. Finite element analysis is an appropriate tool to study and predict the points of force application for better controlled expansion in patients with UCLP.
Change Management Tools for Systemic Results

This case study explores the tools used by a change agent within a public school system. Theoretical connections, results, and resistance are discussed in relation to the change. The author reinforces the practical application of theory during an episodic Lewinian change within a single organizational context.
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Overweight and Obesity in Children: Findings From the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey.

Objective This study examined the relationship between childhood obesity and overweight and functional activity and its enjoyment. Method A cross-sectional design was used to analyze data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were used. Results Data for 1,640 children ages 3-15 yr were retrieved. Physical activity was negatively associated with risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.87, 0.98]). Although children who were obese and overweight were more likely to have functional limitations (ORs = 1.58-1.61), their enjoyment of physical activity participation was not significantly different from that of the healthy-weight group. Conclusion Physical activity lowered the risk of obesity. Children who were obese had functional limitations compared with healthy-weight children, but both groups enjoyed physical activity equally. Future studies are needed to determine barriers to participation among these children in recreation and sporting activities.
When the Grateful Dead joined the Columbia strike, Friday, May 3, 1968 – what some friends heard, saw, and said

Bob Merlis was part of the Board of Managers, sort of a collective that staged concerts by the Byrds, Martha & The Vandellas, and others on the Columbia campus. Merlis knew that the first Grateful ...
Blood pressure variability as an indicator of sepsis severity in adult emergency department patients.

Abstract Study objective Quantify the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV) and markers of illness severity: serum lactate (LAC) or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from a prospective, observational study evaluating fluid resuscitation on adult, septic, ED patients. Vital signs and fluid infusion volumes were recorded every 15 min during the 3 h following ED arrival. BPV was assessed via average real variability (ARV): the average of the absolute differences between consecutive BP measurements. ARV was calculated for the time periods before and after 3 fluid infusion milestones: 10-, 20-, and 30-mL/kg total body weight (TBW). Spearman's rho correlation coefficient analysis was utilized. A p-value Results Forty patients were included. Mean fluid infusion was 33.7 mL/kg TBW (SD 22.1). All patients received fluid infusion ≥ 10 mL/kg TBW, 25 patients received fluid infusion > 20 mL/kg TBW, and 16 patients received fluid infusion > 30 mL/kg TBW. Mean initial LAC was 4.0 mmol/L (SD 3.2). Mean repeat LAC was 3.1 mmol/L (SD 3.2), obtained an average of 6.6 h (SD 5.3) later. Mean SOFA score was 7.0 (SD 4.4). BPV correlated with both follow-up LAC (r = 0.564; p = 0.023) and SOFA score (r = 0.544; p = 0.024) among the cohort that received a fluid infusion > 20-mL/kg TBW. Conclusion With the finding of a positive correlation between BPV and markers of illness severity (LAC and SOFA scores), this pilot study introduces BPV analysis as a real-time, non-invasive tool for continuous sepsis monitoring in the ED.
Taking Asymmetry Seriously: Logical Parallels, Multifinality, and Counterfactuals of Sufficiency

In the philosophy of logic everything has an opposite. The opposite of necessity is sufficiency; the opposite of INUS (an insufficient but necessary part of a causal combination that is unnecessary but sufficient for an outcome) is SUIN (a sufficient but unnecessary element of a cause that is necessary but insufficient for an outcome). Some of these logical parallels have been well discussed in the literature, while others have not. This paper seeks to rectify this problem by discussing, and suggesting best practices for, two logical parallels that have thus far received little notice: multifinality and sufficient condition counterfactuals.
Protein Kinases in the Heart: Lessons Learned from Targeted Cancer Therapeutics

Targeted therapeutics that target protein kinases have dramatically changed the approach to patients with specific cancers. However, these advances have, in some cases, come at the cost of cardiotoxicity, typically manifest as heart failure. Although these adverse events are certainly unfortunate, it is our belief that much can be learned about the biology of the heart and the cardiomyocyte by understanding the mechanisms of the cardiotoxicity. Herein we will explain what is known about the mechanisms driving cardiotoxicity, and will provide examples of what can be learned from agents that cause cardiotoxicity. We will also provide examples of cardiovascular pathologies that might benefit from the use of kinase inhibitors that are already approved for non-cardiac disease states. Our goal is to increase interest in this chemical biology approach with the hope of increasing our understanding of how protein kinases drive heart disease, and the signaling pathways shared by cancer and heart disease.
Loss of the Nuclear Receptor Rev-erbα Results in Upregulation of Glycolysis in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Exposed to Hyperoxia

Premature neonates with immature lungs often require supplemental oxygen for survival. Hyperoxic exposure in neonates results in impaired formation of alveoli and lung vasculature that is characteristic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which can have long term consequences for the development of the respiratory and nervous systems. We have shown that hyperoxia reduces levels of Rev-erbα, a transcriptional repressor and circadian regulator of metabolism, in the mouse lung. We hypothesized that reduction of Rev-erbα expression would alter metabolism in a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) model of hyperoxic exposure. In order to determine changes in metabolic function and utilization of key substrates resulting from loss of Rev-erbα, we exposed WT and Rev-erbα KO MEFs to either air or hyperoxia (95% O2/5% CO2) for 24 hours. Control cells were exposed to air for 24 hours. Mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and substrate utilization were then determined using a Seahorse XF24 Bioanalyzer. Additionally, a 4 day growth curve was performed in air to determine differences in cell proliferation. Rev-erbα KO MEFs exposed to hyperoxia exhibited increased oxidative respiration and glycolysis compared to WT cells. Substrate utilization experiments showed that immediately following hyperoxic exposure, Rev-erbα KO MEFs were less dependent on glutamine and fatty acids, but had a higher capacity to metabolize glucose. Rev-erbα KO MEFs exhibit a higher basal rate of growth in air compared to WT. In conclusion, disruption of Rev-erbα in MEFs resulted in increased glycolysis and higher levels of proliferation. We speculate that these changes may render the cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress and less viable. We will test this using protein carbonyls as a measurement of oxidative stress levels and clonogenic assays as a measurement of cell survival.
Critical Evaluation of Literature

An effective scientist must develop a balance between the literature and the laboratory. A thorough knowledge of the literature is necessary to learn what research has been conducted in a certain area and identify future needs. Publication of our results must be placed in the context of previous work and point to future directions. This chapter focuses on what to look for and how to evaluate what we find. For details on finding the appropriate literature and how to organize it, see Chap. 14.
Money and psychodynamic group psychotherapy.

AbstractMoney may be the most upsetting and therefore the most avoided topic in group psychotherapy. To overcome this resistance, the leader must secure prospective members' willingness to speak openly about financial matters. Financial issues particular to group therapy emerge when money is normalized as a topic for discussion. These include lowering or not raising fees, rescheduling, leaves of absence, combined and conjoint therapy, and nonverbal behaviors. Several case examples are provided. Members' strong feelings toward the leader around financial transactions often find expression in angry accusations. Suggestions for dealing therapeutically with countertransference reactions to these accusations are offered.
Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 1.2 million new cases annually. Furthermore, it is the most lethal of all cancers. A major challenge in treating this deadliest form of malignancy is the intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies. It is believed that cancer stem/progenitor cells are responsible for the sustained growth, survival, and invasion of tumors. Therefore, identifying lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) and studying the biologic functions necessary for their existence within lung tumors will provide new clinical approaches with the goal of improving clinical outcomes of the disease. This chapter will summarize our understanding of the identification of cancer stem cells in lung tumors, molecular mechanisms, and associated pathways that operate within cancer stem cells of lung tumors, and potential applications in clinic settings. We will also discuss future perspectives in lung cancer stem cell research.
Keynote speakers: “Homo Hominus: Vitruvian and dependable cyber society”

Recently, Grand Challenges such as global water supply and global real time health monitoring are being addressed using state-of-the-art computer and communications technologies. These include such paradigms as: the Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet of Everything (IoE), fifth generation wireless networks (5G), robotics, artificial intelligence (AI) and alike. Following the definition of Christensen, they can individually be classified as disruptive innovation. However, this critical mass of innovations is collectively and synergistically impacting humanity and our behavior in an unprecedented fashion, and as such can be characterized as exponentially disruptive innovation. Homo Hominus© defined in this paper is a Homo Sapiens who possesses surviving and dominating intellectual skills adequate in the era of exponentially disruptive innovation.
The Role of Double and Triple Therapy with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Coronary Artery Disease, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Stroke.

Abstract Purpose Combining antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy is often necessary in clinical practice. However, there is limited literature on tolerability and efficacy for triple therapy with the newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The objective of this study is to characterize the discharge prescribing practice of double versus triple antithrombotic therapy with a DOAC at a large, tertiary academic medical center. Methods In this retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study, patients were identified if they had received any combination of a DOAC, aspirin, and a P2Y12 inhibitor during an admission at our institution from June 1, 2015, to May 31, 2016. Patients were included in the analysis if they had any indication for anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies and were discharged from the hospital with prescriptions for a DOAC and single or dual antiplatelet agents (aspirin and/or P2Y12 inhibitor). Patients were excluded if they had an unclear indication for antiplatelet therapy. Patient characteristics and 6-month efficacy and tolerability outcomes were collected via review of the electronic medical record. Findings A total of 367 patients were included in this analysis. Most patients at our institution who required both antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents were discharged on a regimen of aspirin and a DOAC. Patients across all groups most commonly received antiplatelet therapy for coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome–related events, whereas they received anticoagulation for stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation. Within 6 months of discharge, there were 16 bleeding-related readmissions in the DOAC-aspirin group, 1 in the DOAC-P2Y12 group, and 0 in the triple therapy group. Implications This analysis found that varying combinations of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants are used, depending on clinical indications. Further studies are needed that focus on patients with indications for dual antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation to compare double and triple therapy strategies for efficacy and bleeding risk.
Bariatric surgery reduces incidence of atrial fibrillation: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Abstract Background Obesity is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Bariatric surgery results insubstantial long-term weight loss and the amelioration of several chronic comorbidities. We hypothesized that weightreduction with bariatric surgery would reduce the long-term incidence of AF. Objectives To assess the association between bariatric surgery and AF prevention. Setting University Hospital, United States. Methods All patients who underwent bariatric surgery at a single institution from 1985–2015 (n = 3,572) were propensity score matched 1:1 to a control population of obese patients with outpatient appointments (n = 45,750) in our clinical data repository. Patients with a prior diagnosis of AF were excluded. Demographics, relevant comorbidities, and insurance status were collected and a chart review was performed for all patients with AF. Paired univariate analyses were used to compare the two groups. Results After propensity score matching, 5,044 total patients were included (2,522 surgical, 2,522 non-surgical). There were no differences in preoperative body mass index (BMI) (47.1 vs 47.7 kg/m2, P = 0.76) or medical comorbidities between groups. The incidence of AF was lower among surgical patients (0.8% vs 2.9%, P = 0.0001). In patients ultimately diagnosed with AF, time from enrollment to development of AF did not differ between groups; however, surgical patients with AF experienced a significantly higher reduction in excess BMI compared to non-surgical patients with AF (57.9% vs −3.8%, P Conclusion The incidence of AF was lower among patients who underwent bariatric surgery compared to their medically managed counterparts. Weight reduction with bariatric surgery may reduce the long-term incidence of AF.
Air Pollution and Specific Meteorological Conditions at the Adjacent Areas of Sea Ports

Abstract Meteorological conditions and phenomena in coastal areas show specific peculiarities caused, or significantly affected, by sharp changes in heat, moisture, and momentum transfer due to the contrast in land-sea underlying surfaces. These conditions may be conducive to trap and retain pollutants in the lowest layer of the atmosphere or to assist in its cleaning. Sea transport is the cheapest one and ports are portals for world trade, often being a basic prerequisite for the development of various economic sectors in the coastal regions. Shipping vessels engines run on heavy fuel oil which has a high polluting impact, as the SO2 content of heavy fuel oil is 2700 times higher than in road fuel. Some aspects of the role of meteorological conditions on the dispersion of pollutants and the air quality in the biggest Bulgarian coastal cities of Varna and Burgas are subject of discussion in the present paper.
Suicide in cancer patients: An epidemiology study.

e20582 Background: Suicide risk among cancer patients is estimated to be twice the general U.S. population, however, there has been limited large-scale population based investigations. Our goal is ...
Transcranioplasty Ultrasound Through a Sonolucent Cranial Implant Made of Polymethyl Methacrylate: Phantom Study Comparing Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background Current methods of transcranial diagnostic ultrasound imaging are limited by the skull's acoustic properties. Craniotomy, craniectomy, and cranioplasty procedures present opportunities to circumvent these limitations by substituting autologous bone with synthetic cranial implants composed of sonolucent biomaterials. Objective This study examined the potential to image the brain using transcranioplasty ultrasound (TCU) through a sonolucent cranial implant. Materials and methods A validated adult brain phantom was imaged using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound without an implant. Next, for experimental comparison, TCU was performed through a sonolucent implant composed of clear polymethyl methacrylate. Results All imaging modalities successfully revealed elements of the brain phantom, including the bilateral ventricular system, the falx cerebri, and a deep hyperdense mass representing a brain tumor or hematoma. In addition, ultrasound images were captured which closely resembled axial images obtained with both CT and MRI. Conclusion The results obtained in this first-ever, preclinical, phantom study suggest TCU is now a viable immediate and long-term diagnostic imaging modality deserving of further clinical investigation.
Biopsy-free prediction of prostate cancer aggressiveness using deep learning and radiology imaging

Abstract Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is routinely used to visualize the prostate gland and manage prostate cancer. The Prostate Imaging Reporting And Data System (PI-RADS) is used to evaluate the clinical risk associated with a potential tumor. However the PI-RADS score is subjective and its assessment varies between physicians. As a result, a definite diagnosis of prostate cancer requires a biopsy to obtain tissue for pathologic analysis. A prostate biopsy is an invasive procedure and is associated with complications, including hematospermia, hematuria, and rectal bleeding. We hypothesized that an Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be trained on prostate cases where both imaging and biopsy are available to distinguish aggressive prostate cancer from non-aggressive lesions using MRI imaging only, that is, without the need for a biopsy. Our computational method, named AI-biopsy, can distinguish aggressive prostate cancer from non-aggressive disease with an AUC of 0.855 and a 79.02% accuracy. We used Class Activation Maps (CAM) to highlight which regions of MRI images are being used by our algorithm for classification, and found that AI-biopsy generally focuses on the same regions that trained uro-radiolosts focus on, with a few exceptions. In conclusion, AI-biopsy provides a data-driven and reproducible way to assess cancer aggressiveness from MRI images and a personalized strategy to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies.
Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells and Human Amniotic Membrane as a Vehicle for Islet Cell Transplantation.

Abstract Immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms contribute to islet loss on transplantation in the liver. A site outside of the vascular bed may act as a sanctuary site avoiding immediate inflammatory response. We developed a unique approach by using a human amniotic membrane (HAM) for islet transplant onto the liver surface by combining it with human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs). Decellularized 1.0 × 1.0-cm HAM was placed on the surface of the liver; 2000 islet equivalent of human islets mixed with 0.4 × 106 HAECs were infused into the space between the membrane and surface. Two pieces of the decellularized HAM were placed under the subcutaneous space to study the angiogenic potential. After cotransplant 57.1% of recipient mice became normoglycemic by the third day after transplant, and 100% attained euglycemia 2 weeks post-transplant. Bodyweight of 85.7% of mice gradually increased over time. The HAM and islets were identified in histologic section in all. Neovascularization was observed to be dramatically increased. In conclusion, HAM is a very versatile biological membrane; HAECs help angiogenesis and better engraftment of islets on the liver surface, eliminating the need for vascular deployment of islet cells and avoiding the risk of portal vein thrombosis and instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction–related islet loss in the liver.
Depletion of senescent-like neuronal cells alleviates cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is among the most common dose-limiting adverse effects of cancer treatment, leading to dose reduction and discontinuation of life-saving chemotherapy and a permanently impaired quality of life for patients. Currently, no effective treatment or prevention is available. Senescence induced during cancer treatment has been shown to promote the adverse effects. Here, we show that cisplatin induces senescent-like neuronal cells in primary culture and in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG), as determined by the characteristic senescence markers including senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, accumulation of cytosolic p16INK4A and HMGB1, as well as increased expression of p16Ink4a, p21, and MMP-9. The accumulation of senescent-like neuronal cells in DRG is associated with cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in mice. To determine if depletion of senescent-like neuronal cells may effectively mitigate CIPN, we used a pharmacological 'senolytic' agent, ABT263, which inhibits the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2 and BCL-xL and selectively kills senescent cells. Our results demonstrated that clearance of DRG senescent neuronal cells reverses CIPN, suggesting that senescent-like neurons play a role in CIPN pathogenesis. This finding was further validated using transgenic p16-3MR mice, which permit ganciclovir (GCV) to selectively kill senescent cells expressing herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). We showed that CIPN was alleviated upon GCV administration to p16-3MR mice. Together, the results suggest that clearance of senescent DRG neuronal cells following platinum-based cancer treatment might be an effective therapy for the debilitating side effect of CIPN.
The ECB's Instruments for Crises and Normal Times: Considerations for the Policy Strategy Review

The ongoing policy strategy review presents a unique opportunity for the ECB to examine how to best employ its immense power to fulfil its mandate. Two challenges require urgent attention. First, the “lowflation” problem – the outcome of overly tight policies that allowed inflation to drift considerably below 2% over the past several years. Second, the impairment of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the euro area – a key factor behind the divergence of economic performance of different Member States that threatens the viability of the EMU. The ECB has the authority and tools to address these challenges, within its mandate, with suitable corrections in its monetary policy strategy.
Spatiotemporal analysis of seismic velocity changes at Okmok volcano, Alaska and implications from deformation source modeling

Abstract In this study, we use ambient noise interferometry to determine temporal changes in seismic velocity at Okmok volcano, Alaska, during the inter-eruptive period between the 1997 and 2008 eruptions. Specifically, we examine seismic velocity changes between 2005 and 2007. We further calculate seismic velocity changes in the frequency and depth domains. Examination of depth-constrained changes in seismic velocity allow us to distinguish between volcanic and non-volcanic processes occurring at Okmok. We show evidence that the presence of overlying lava flows may result in long term increases in the seismic velocity of the subsurface. Using the software package Coulomb 3.3, complementary theoretical volumetric strain modeling of volcanic deformation at Okmok is also carried out. These strain models are interpreted in tandem with our depth-constrained changes in seismic velocity. This joint analysis technique allows us to determine the location of the volcanic deformation at Okmok during the 1997-2008 inter-eruptive period. The location technique that we develop requires the use of only three seismic stations or station pairs in order to locate the center of volcanic deformation. Thus, this technique is a potentially valuable tool for monitoring the location of active magma storage at sparsely instrumented volcanoes worldwide.