cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Sentinel Lymph Node Concept and Novel Approaches in Detecting Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer.

Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) remains the best means for detecting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in prostate cancer (PCa). PLND yields valuable staging information thatmay help to guide future therapies and provides durable long-term cancer control in nearly 30% of men found to have LNM after radical prostatectomy [1]. The staging accuracy of PLND depends on the extent of the anatomical template used; the higher the number of lymph nodes retrieved, the greater is the likelihood of detecting metastatic nodes [2]. This finding represents a convincing argument for utilizing an extended anatomical template for PLND, particularly since the indications for radical prostatectomy have shifted from low-risk disease and increasingly include patients with high-risk PCa, who are likely to present with LNM. However, extended PLND is not fully adopted by all surgeons [3]. Possible reasons for underutilization of extended PLND include the potential risk of greater morbidity, the longer operating time [4], and the fact that the extended template may not encompass all the lymphatic drainage sites. In a study by Mattei et al [5], up to 35% of prostate lymphatic drainage sites remained outside the extended anatomical template, which includes the external iliac, hypogastric, and obturator fossa nodal packets. To circumvent these limitations, several investigators have explored the possibility of dissection based on a sentinel lymph node. These investigations include injection of radiotracers such as colloid-bound Tc directly into the prostate to detect the lymphatic drainage of the prostate preoperatively on single-photon emission computed
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indole Biphenylcarboxylic Acids as PPARγ Antagonists.

The thiazolidinediones (TZD) typified by rosiglitazone are the only approved therapeutics targeting PPARγ for the treatment of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Unfortunately, despite robust insulin sensitizing properties, they are accompanied by a number of severe side effects including congestive heart failure, edema, weight gain, and osteoporosis. We recently identified PPARγ antagonists that bind reversibly with high affinity but do not induce transactivation of the receptor, yet they act as insulin sensitizers in mouse models of diabetes (SR1664).1 This Letter details our synthetic exploration around this novel series of PPARγ antagonists based on an N-biphenylmethylindole scaffold. Structure–activity relationship studies led to the identification of compound 46 as a high affinity PPARγ antagonist that exhibits antidiabetic properties following oral administration in diet-induced obese mice.
Bioreactor Fluid Dynamics (invited)

Bioreactors are devices in which living cells or tissues are grown in a culture medium. In tissue-engineering applications, bioreactors provide an environment that serves three roles: i) provide nutrients to the tissue; ii) rid the vicinity of the tissue of metabolic wastes; and iii) provide a mechanical environment in which the three-dimensional tissue can thrive. Bioreactors perform these functions through a variety of means ranging from the use of rotating vessel walls, perfusion and compression/perfusion and mixing using a magnetic stirbar. A complete assessment of the outcomes of various tissue-growth strategies requires a detailed knowledge of the associated local flow fields within the bioreactors. This paper discusses several dynamic bioreactors used for the production of tissue-engineered cartilage.
Building Blocks for Sustainable Food Systems [review of Sustainable Food Systems: Building a New Paradigm, edited by Terry Marsden & Adrian Morley]

First paragraphs: This is an ambitious book; it is not a light undertaking to build a "new paradigm" for sustainable food systems. The authors and editors succeed in notable ways, although there are questions about the applicability of the framework and analysis they present outside Western Europe, where most of the contributors are based, and beyond the concerns and activities of relatively privileged people in that region. In the final chapter, Marsden describes this "new paradigm" as one of "social and economic creativity and care...that shines a strong light upon the existing unsustainable conditions... It needs to be a paradigm that starts as much with the critical social and public priorities as with the economic; and it needs to be able to shape the latter through imagining and designing more effective...state-based interventions and actions" (p. 206). Chapters in the book are conceived as "key building blocks" of this paradigm, such as regulation and governance mechanisms, public procurement, the design of urban food systems, sustainable supply chains, the rural-urban nexus, biosecurity risks, and animal welfare. Chapters describe work conducted over the past 10 years through Cardiff University's Centre for Business Relationships, Accountability, Sustainability & Society, which Marsden directs....
Molecular defects in the Bernard-Soulier syndrome: assessment of receptor genes, transcripts and proteins.

Le syndrome de Bernard-Soulier resulte d'une anomalie d'un recepteur d'adhesion a la surface plaquettaire. Les patients affectes de cette pathologie presentent des saignements muqueux et cutanes ; ce syndrome hemorragique peut exceptionnellement etre fatal. A un niveau moleculaire, l'anomalie atteint la structure ou la fonction d'un recepteur qui est responsable de l'adhesion plaquettaire dans la circulation arterielle. Ce recepteur, denomme GP Ib-IX-V, est compose de 4 polypeptides distincts (GP Ibα-143 kDa ; Ibβ-22 kDa, IX-20 kDa, V-83 kDa) qui sont physiquement lies sous forme d'un complexe et qui partagent certaines proprietes structurales telles que la presence des motifs LRG. Les 4 genes et les ADNc correspondants sont maintenant cloues et caracterises, les genes sont localises sur des sites chromosomiques distincts. Un certain nombre de patients ont maintenant ete caracterises au niveau genetique. Dans la majorite des cas, le defaut s'est revele etre une mutation ponctuelle soit sur le gene codant pour la GP Ib soit sur celui de la GP IX. L'etude de ces mutations a permis une meilleure connaissance de l'expression et de la fonction du recepteur. L'expression du complexe necessite la synthese coordonnee des polypeptides Ib-IX avec la participation de la GPV. La fonction de ce recepteur depend de l'intensite des forces de cisaillement engendrees par le flux sanguin dans la circulation arterielle. Le defi majeur dans ce domaine est de comprendre les relations de structure-fonction entre ce recepteur et son ligand adhesif, le facteur von Willebrand (vWF).
Pathways from parental stimulation of children’s curiosity to high school science course accomplishments and science career interest and skill

ABSTRACTCuriosity is fundamental to scientific inquiry and pursuance. Parents are important in encouraging children’s involvement in science. This longitudinal study examined pathways from parental stimulation of children’s curiosity per se to their science acquisition (SA). A latent variable of SA was indicated by the inter-related variables of high school science course accomplishments, career interest, and skill. A conceptual model investigated parental stimulation of children’s curiosity as related to SA via science intrinsic motivation and science achievement. The Fullerton Longitudinal Study provided data spanning school entry through high school (N = 118). Parental stimulation of curiosity at age 8 years comprised exposing children to new experiences, promoting curiosity, encouraging asking questions, and taking children to a museum. Intrinsic motivation was measured at ages 9, 10, and 13 years, and achievement at ages 9, 10, and 11 years. Structural equation modelling was used for analyses. Contro...
A Call to Oppose the Child Nutrition and Education Act of 2016 (H.R. 5003)

In this article, the author examines their reasons to oppose the Child Nutrition and Education Act of 2016 in the U.S. (H.R. 5003). Topics discussed include how the legislation might threaten food security for nutrition assistance recipients, opposition to the act from the American Public Health Association (APHA), and requirements for school lunches including servings of fruit, vegetables and whole grains.
Heat Maps of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, and Smoking in the Continental United States.

Background—Geographic variations in cardiovascular mortality are substantial, but descriptions of geographic variations in major cardiovascular risk factors have relied on data aggregated to counti...
Sustained exergaming in adolescents

Introduction: Exergaming is increasingly popular among youth. However, the extent to which exergaming is sustained over time in a population-based sample of youth is not well documented. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency and correlates of sustained exergaming over 2-3 years in adolescents. Methods: Data were available in a prospective cohort investigation of 1,800 Grade 5 students recruited in a convenience sample of 30 elementary schools in Quebec, Canada in 2005. Data on past week exergaming were collected from 971 participants at age 14 years on average (in 2008â€“2009), and again when they were age 16 years on average (in 2010â€“2011), in mailed self-report questionnaires. Potential correlates of sustained exergaming were identified in separate multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Forty-three percent of 185 exergamers at age 14 reported exergaming 2-3 years later. Most sustained exergamers (88%) played up to twice a week at moderate to vigorous intensity. Sex (being female) and weight-related variables (trying to lose weight) were associated with sustained exergaming. Conclusions: Many adolescents who exergame report exergaming 2-3 years later, which suggests that in real life settings, exergaming may be a viable approach to help adolescents increase their physical activity, especially if they are female and actively trying to lose weight.Acknowledgments: EO is supported by the FRSQ
Abstract 12089: The Association Between Post-Operative Pulmonary Hypertension and Survival After Mitral Valve Surgery

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of mitral valve disease, but the prognostic significance of PH after mitral valve surgery (MVS) is unclear. Hypothesis: Post-operative PH after mitral valve repair or replacement is associated with worse survival. Methods: Retrospective study at a single, tertiary medical center (1995-2015) using echo database. Patients with moderate-severe or severe regurgitation and/or stenosis who had 1) preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) within 6 months of MVS; 2) post-operative TTE at least 30 days after MVS; 3) right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) measurement on both TTEs. The primary endpoint of the study was survival after post-op TTE. Non-parametric Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate distribution of time to death related to severity of pre-op and post-op RVSP. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to evaluate the relationship between post-op RVSP and survival with adjustment for co-variates including pre-op RVSP. Results: 259 patients met inclusion criteria. Median time to post-operative TTE from MVS was 244 (IQR 86, 421) days. The mean RVSP was 47.2 (16) mm Hg. Following MVS, a statistically significant decrease in the post-operative compared with pre-operative RVSP was observed for the overall cohort (mean RVSP 39.1 [14.0] mm Hg), specifically in patients with baseline RVSP ≥35 mm Hg, but 53 (20.5%) patients had post-op RVSP >50 mm Hg. PH after MVS was significantly associated with lower survival in follow-up in the unadjusted log-rank test for trend (Figure). Post-op RVSP, but not pre-op RVSP, was significantly associated with mortality in the Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for age, race, comorbidities, mitral stenosis, and if performed, mitral replacement size (RVSP >50mm Hg vs. RVSP ≥35 mm Hg: HR 2.214, 95% CI 1.316, 3.724, p=0.0027). Conclusion: Post-operative PH is significantly associated with lower survival after mitral valve surgery.
Clinical-Research Issues in the Treatment of Obesity in the Developmentally Disabled

In the preceding chapter Burkhart, Fox, and Rotatori have provided a comprehensive review of a number of aspects of obesity. Conclusions from a growing body of research and theory have been integrated into a concise, informative discussion, and the coverage of prevalence, health risks, etiology, and treatment options is impressive. As a result, the role of discussant is made more difficult: the areas in which one can expand on the work of Burkhart, Fox, and Rotatori are limited by the scope of their scholarly effort. Therefore, the focus of this article is twofold. The first intent is to comment briefly on the general conclusions of the preceding chapter. The second is to further highlight general clinical research strategies for assessment and treatment of obesity; this is accomplished through a discussion of problems associated with Prader-Willi syndrome.
Facilitating attitudinal learning in an animal behaviour and welfare MOOC

AbstractThis case study examines the design and facilitation of a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) that focused on attitudinal learning about the topic of animal behaviour and welfare. Findings showed that a team of instructors worked together collaboratively towards realising learning goals and found the experience rewarding. While learners had mixed perceptions of gains in cognitive, affective and behavioural learning, they reported high satisfaction with lecture videos and instructor course participation. Implications for the instructional design of MOOCs and attitudinal learning are discussed based on these findings, including a discussion of MOOCs as a unique platform for attitudinal learning, and recommendations for their successful use. The recommendations include the importance of creating a collaborative instructor team, establishing high instructor presence, using interactive and collaborative learning activities, and receiving support from platform providers and institutions.
Biological dinitrogen fixation in temperate zone forestry: current use and future potential

Biological dinitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs in most managed temperate forests, and thus is a part of the application of most silvicultural systems. Often, however, the presence of BNF is not explicitly recognized or used by foresters, even though several recent symposia and books indicate that their interest in BNF and its use is increasing, (e.g. Gordon et al. 1980, Dawson, in press, Gordon and Wheeler, 1983.) In the long view, in addition to recognizing the presence of BNF and being sensitive to it when making silvicultural prescriptions, the large- scale use of introduced nitrogen-fixers is a primary target for both basic and applied forestry research. The three primary reasons for this are economic. First, natural gas, the basis for industrially-fixed nitrogen, is new artificially lew in cost because of regulation, and Haber-process ammonia produced with underpriced natural gas is even lower because of current world overcapacity. Neither the lew gas prices nor the overcapacity can be expected to persist a long time relative to forest production cycles (Beuter 1980). Second, the use of industrially-fixed nitrogen can be expected, under conditions of future scarcity, to be allocated tofood, rather than forest production.
Collaboration and advocacy: A community-university partnership and the well-being of children

This paper examines a case study of a community-university collaboration in a Midwestern suburban community. In an effort to promote the well-being of students, a collaborative youth initiative partnership was created alongside a local university, public schools, and other community organizations. We reflect upon this collaboration and the need for a holistic approach to child development through community partnerships. We also address embedded tensions that call for a more transparent approach to challenges of cross-cultural work.
Bayesian Network Learning for Data-Driven Design

Bayesian networks (BNs) are being studied in recent years for system diagnosis, reliability analysis, and design of complex engineered systems. In several practical applications, BNs need to be lea...
The curse of relieving pain

A 39-year-old woman with a history of chronic back pain due to spinal haemangiomas, multiple malignancies and depression was brought by Emergency medical servicesS to the emergency centre (EC) after being found unresponsive on the bathroom floor. The patient had an exacerbation of her back pain the previous day for which she admitted to taking double her usual dose of oxycodone, in addition to alprazolam, lorazepam, diphenhydramine and a glass of wine. She reported that she lost consciousness and was down for over 8 hours. In the EC, she complained of right forearm pain which was accompanied by mild diffuse soft-tissue swelling and decreased sensation in the right hand. Radial pulse was intact. Creatine kinase was found to be at 4663 U/L. The patient was found to have acute compartment syndrome and underwent emergent forearm fasciotomy. She eventually regained full function of the right arm.
Comparison of complications in midlines versus central venous catheters: Are midlines safer than central venous lines?

Background With the rising use of midline catheters (MCs), validation of their safety is essential. Our study aimed to evaluate the incidence of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and other complications related to the use of MCs and central venous catheters (CVCs). Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary care hospital in Detroit, Michigan, from March-September 2016. Adult patients with either MC or CVC were included. Outcomes assessed were catheter-related BSI (CRBSI), mechanical complications, hospital length of stay, readmission within 90 days of discharge (RA), and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software. Results A total of 411 patients with MC and 282 patients with CVC were analyzed. More CRBSIs were seen in patients with CVC (10/282) than MC (1/411) (3.5% vs 0.2%, respectively; P = .0008). More mechanical complications were seen in patients with MC (2.6%) than CVC (0.3%; P = .03). Patients with CVC had a higher crude mortality (17.3% vs 5.3%; P Conclusions Our findings show use of MC is safer than CVC, but larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Response to Special Issue of Journal of World Literature on Literary Translingualism

The articles in this special issue on Literary Translingualism by Helgesson and Kullberg, Robinson, Boyden, and Bodin all insist on language as fluid and non-discrete. What Boyden calls “amphilingualism” is a useful way to describe the porousness of languages. These and other scholars of translingualism are at odds with the ascendant nativism that is enforcing boundaries between nations and languages. Translations further problematize the sovereignty of language and national culture, and they are crucial to the process of elevating a text in the global hypercanon. What Bodin calls “heterographics,” the coexistence of separate scripts within a single text, is a useful extension of literary translingualism.
Challenges During Surgery for Craniosynostosis and Craniofacial Surgery

The following complications are commonly associated with craniosynostosis repair: (1) difficult airway, (2) blood loss and blood transfusion, (3) venous air embolism, (4) increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
SAUSAGES, TYPES OF | Emulsion

Emulsion-type sausage products are technically not true emulsions but are made by producing a stable protein matrix in which water is bound and fat and other less functional meat ingredients are trapped during the cooking process to produce the bind and texture that are associated with finely chopped sausages. This article discusses methods for maximizing the stability of these products and potential causes for product failures. Types of emulsified sausage products are also discussed.
The Effect of AH 5183 (2-(4-Phenylpiperidino)-Cyclohexanol) on Acetylcholine Synthesis and Release in the Isolated Guinea Pig Ileum Longitudinal Muscle/Myenteric Plexus Preparation

AH 5183 (2-(4-phenylpiperidino)-cyclohexanol) has been shown by Anderson et al. (1983) to be a potent inhibitor of the active transport of ACh into synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo. Toll and Howard (1980) and Melega and Howard (1984) reported that AH 5183 inhibited the loading of ACh into storage vesicles in PC 12 cells without affecting the vesicular storage of preformed ACh. They found no effect on choline uptake or ACh synthesis. Studies on synaptosomes and slices from rat and mouse brain (Otero et al., 1985; Carroll, 1985; Jope and Johnson, 1986) and perfused superior cervical ganglion of the cat (Collier et al., in press) have also shown an inhibition of evoked ACh release, with associated changes in Ch transport, ACh synthesis and levels. A recent electrophysiological study (Vyskocil, 1985) concluded that non-quantal leakage of ACh in mouse diaphragm was also inhibited by AH 5183.
Lebesgue Measure and Integral in \(\mathbb{R}\)

In Chap. 7 we saw that the Riemann integral of a (bounded) function \(f: [a,b] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) can be obtained as a “limit” of integrals of step functions that approximate f. In fact, we have (cf. Exercise 7.4.8)
Macular Damage, as Determined by Structure-Function Staging, Is Associated With Worse Vision-related Quality of Life in Early Glaucoma

Purpose Macular damage is common early in glaucoma and has previously been identified as a significant factor affecting vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) across the spectrum of glaucomatous damage. This report uses structure-function correlation to identify early macular damage and assess its relationship with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). Design Cohort study. Methods Setting : Institutional. Study Population : Eighty-eight eyes of 44 participants with early open-angle glaucoma (24-2 mean deviation [MD] better than −6 dB). Observation Procedure : Focal and diffuse macular defects were identified based on corresponding abnormal regions on probability maps from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) optic disc and macular cube scans, and 10-2 and 24-2 visual fields (VF). Main Outcome Measure : VRQoL, as measured by the NEI VFQ-25. Results Twenty-five of 44 (57%) “worse” eyes (defined by 24-2 VF MD) and 13 of 44 (31%) “better” eyes had macular damage. Mean (±standard deviation) MD of worse and better eyes were −3.03 dB (±2.3) and −1.15 dB (±1.7), respectively. Compared to those without macular damage, lower NEI VFQ-25 scores were seen in patients with macular damage in the worse eye (85.4 [± 9.0] vs 94.6 [± 3.3]; P = .0001) and the better eye (84.8 [± 11.1] vs 91.3 [± 6.3]; P = .017). Arcuate damage outside the macula did not affect VRQoL (better eye, P = .40; worse eye, P = .87). Conclusions Early glaucomatous macular damage, as detected by abnormal topographic regions on measures of structure and function, is associated with decreased VRQoL. Arcuate damage outside the macula does not have an association with VRQoL in early glaucoma.
Enhancing Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Police Officers: A Test of High Performance Cycle Theory:

Although goal-setting theory is one of the most examined motivation theories, few studies examine a theoretical framework of the high performance cycle (HPC) offered by Locke and Latham. Thus, the ...
Molecular Analysis for Process Synthesis

Process synthesis is about finding the appropriate processing routes with selection of catalyst, reaction, and separation technologies followed by flowsheeting (connection of selected technologies) and equipment design at the least capital and operating cost. The common feature of the current process synthesis methods is that they are mainly based on macroscopic parameters but do not exploit microscopic effects at the molecular level. As a result, the fundamental aspects cannot be fully exploited to discover novel ideas. However, the essence of process synthesis is about maximizing the production of desirable chemical species via optimizing the routing of key species to their most appropriate destinations. To achieve this goal, a molecular analysis methodology for process synthesis is proposed in this article. Several industrial case studies are provided to prove the concept and demonstrate the value.
Language and the Many Histories of Brazilian Inequality

There are numerous historical critiques of elitist educational policies in Brazil, as well as studies of the racial and gender dynamics of education, and scholars have routinely lamented the historical lack of access to schooling among the Brazilian poor. But surprisingly few historians have taken on language and education as durable categories of inequality—created, recognized, legitimized, and acted upon over many generations, constitutive elements in Brazil’s constellation of social difference. This is especially remarkable given the rich and repeated emphasis on language, literacy, and education that characterized debates about Brazilian inequality in the century after independence.
Linking lignin source with structural and electrochemical properties of lignin-derived carbon materials

Valorization of lignin to high-value chemicals and products along with biofuel production is generally acknowledged as a technology platform that could significantly improve the economic viability of biorefinery operations. With a growing demand for electrical energy storage materials, lignin-derived activated carbon (AC) materials have received increasing attention in recent years. However, there is an apparent gap in our understanding of the impact of the lignin precursors (i.e., lignin structure, composition and inter-unit linkages) on the structural and electrochemical properties of the derived ACs. In the present study, lignin-derived ACs were prepared under identical conditions from two different lignin sources: alkaline pretreated poplar and pine. The lignin precursors were characterized using composition analysis, size exclusion chromatography, and 2D HSQC nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Distinctive distributions of numerous micro-, meso- and macro-porous channels were observed in the two lignin-derived ACs. Poplar lignin-derived ACs exhibited a larger BET surface area and total mesopore volume than pine lignin-derived AC, which contributed to a larger electrochemical capacitance over a range of scan rates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (XPS) results revealed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups in all lignin-derived ACs, which participated in redox reactions and thus contributed to an additional pseudo-capacitance. A possible process mechanism was proposed to explain the effects of lignin structure and composition on lignin-derived AC pore structure during thermochemical conversion. This study provides insight into how the lignin composition and structure affect the derived ACs for energy storage applications.
Wind erosion and dust from US drylands: a review of causes, consequences, and solutions in a changing world

Erosion by wind is one of the principal processes associated with land degradation in drylands and is a significant concern to land managers and policymakers globally. In the drylands of North America, millions of tons of soil are lost to wind erosion annually. Of the 60 million ha in the United States identified as most vulnerable to wind erosion (arid and dominated by fine sandy soils), 64% are managed by federal agencies (37 million ha). Here we review the drivers and consequences of wind erosion and dust emissions on drylands in the United States, with an emphasis on actionable responses available to policymakers and practitioners. We find that while dryland soils are often relatively stable when intact, disturbances including fire, domestic livestock grazing, and off‐highway vehicles can increase horizontal eolian flux by an order of magnitude, in some cases as much as 40‐fold. A growing body of literature documents the large‐scale impacts of deposited dust changing the albedo of mountain snow cover and in some cases reducing regional water supplies by ~5%. Predicted future increases in aridity and extreme weather events, including drought, will likely increase wind erosion and consequent dust generation. Under a drier and more variable future climate, new and existing soil‐ and vegetation‐disturbing practices may interact in synergistic ways, with dire consequences for environments and society that are unforeseen to many but fairly predictable given current scientific understanding. Conventional restoration and reclamation approaches, which often entail surface disturbance and rely on adequate moisture to prevent erosion, also carry considerable erosion risk especially under drought conditions. Innovative approaches to dryland restoration that minimize surface disturbance may accomplish restoration or reclamation goals while limiting wind erosion risk. Finally, multidisciplinary and multijurisdictional approaches and perspectives are necessary to understand the complex processes driving dust emissions and provide timely, context‐specific information for mitigating the drivers and impacts of wind erosion and dust.
Beyond Mandatory: Making Data Breach Notifications Useful for Consumers

Data breaches pose significant security and privacy risks to affected consumers. However, it is doubtful whether data breach notifications mandated by respective laws effectively inform consumers of risks stemming from a data breach and motivate them to take protective actions.5,8,12 We analyze potential reasons for consumers' inaction after a data breach and discuss how data breach notifications and respective requirements should be improved.
The evolution of European Union law: A new data set on the Acquis Communautaire:

The European Union legal system is one of the most complex and sophisticated in the world. This article models the Acquis Communautaire (i.e. the corpus of European Union law) as a network and intr...
Power system spatial analysis and visualization using geographic information system (GIS)

Power system conditions need to be monitored continuously to detect and control any abnormal condition in the system. Geographic information system (GIS) is considered an essential part of situational awareness that is recommended by the blackout-2003 report for power system reliability. In this paper, the potential of using GIS for power system spatial analysis is investigated using ArcGIS software. Several digital maps and networks are created from excel sheets using the synthetic test systems including Tennessee, Texas, and the entire synthetic network of the US test system. Inverse density weight technique, slope analysis, and contour lines are employed for the situational analysis. The study includes both steady-state and dynamic analysis, and the systems are simulated using a MATLAB-based package developed for the work in this paper. The obtained numerical results are converted to geo database for more spatial analysis, and several videos are created. The study demonstrates the capability of GIS for analyzing and visualizing the system geographically and in multi-layer, multi-view, and dynamic display.
Molecular dynamics simulations of water structure and diffusion in silica nanopores

We present molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of water-filled silica nanopores such as those that occur in ordered oxide ceramics (MCM-41, SBA-15), controlled pore glasses (such as Vycor glass), mesoporous silica, bioglasses, and hydrous silica gel coatings of weathered minerals and glasses. Our simulations overlap the range of pore diameters (1–4 nm) where confinement causes the disappearance of bulk-liquid-like water. In ≥2 nm diameter pores, the silica surface carries three statistical monolayers of density-layered water, interfacial water structure is independent of confinement or surface curvature, and bulk-liquid-like water exists at the center of the pore (this last finding contradicts assumptions used in most previous neutron diffraction studies and in several MD simulation studies of silica nanopores). In 1 nm diameter pores, bulk-liquid-like water does not exist and the structural properties of interfacial water are influenced by confinement. Predicted water diffusion coefficients in 1–4 nm dia...
An induced pluripotent stem cell line (SDQLCHi006-A) derived from a patient with maple syrup urine disease type Ib carrying compound heterozygous mutations of p.R168C and p.T322I in BCKDHB gene.

Abstract Maple syrup urine disease type Ib (MSUD Ib) is an autosomal recessive genetic metabolic disease caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in BCKDHB on chromosome 6q14. We generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of a 5-day-old boy with MSUD Ib carrying compound heterozygous mutations of c.502C > T/p.R168C and c.965C > T/p.T322I in BCKDHB. The iPSCs had normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers, free of genomically integrated episomal plasmids and demonstrated trilineage differentiation potential in vitro.
Predicting strength distributions of MEMS structures using flaw size and spatial density

The populations of flaws in individual layers of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures are determined and verified using a combination of specialized specimen geometry, recent probabilistic analysis, and topographic mapping. Strength distributions of notched and tensile bar specimens are analyzed assuming a single flaw population set by fabrication and common to both specimen geometries. Both the average spatial density of flaws and the flaw size distribution are determined and used to generate quantitative visualizations of specimens. Scanning probe-based topographic measurements are used to verify the flaw spacings determined from strength tests and support the idea that grain boundary grooves on sidewalls control MEMS failure. The findings here suggest that strength controlling features in MEMS devices increase in separation, i.e., become less spatially dense, and decrease in size, i.e., become less potent flaws, as processing proceeds up through the layer stack. The method demonstrated for flaw population determination is directly applicable to strength prediction for MEMS reliability and design.
Estimating Rates of HIV/AIDS in India

India has the world’s 2nd largest population and is the 7th largest country geographically, sharing land borders with Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. In recent years India has seen significant advancements in its economy and the health and well-being of its people; however poverty remains widespread and India’s gross national product (GNP) is still one of the lowest in the world. Seventy five percent of the Indian population currently resides in rural areas.
Nurse workarounds in the electronic health record: An integrative review.

Objective The study sought to synthesize published literature on direct care nurses' use of workarounds related to the electronic health record. Materials and methods We conducted an integrative review of qualitative and quantitative peer-reviewed research through a structured search of Academic Search Complete, EBSCO Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Engineering Village, Ovid Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. We systematically applied exclusion rules at the title, abstract, and full article stages and extracted and synthesized their research methods, workaround classifications, and probable causes from articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results Our search yielded 5221 results. After removing duplicates and applying rules, 33 results met inclusion criteria. A total of 22 articles used qualitative approaches, 10 used mixed methods, and 1 used quantitative methods. While researchers may classify workarounds differently, they generally fit 1 of 3 broad categories: omission of process steps, steps performed out of sequence, and unauthorized process steps. Each study identified probable causes, which included technology, task, organizational, patient, environmental, and usability factors. Conclusions Extensive study of nurse workarounds in acute settings highlights the gap in ambulatory care research. Despite decades of electronic health record development, poor usability remains a key concern for nurses and other members of care team. The widespread use of workarounds by the largest group of healthcare providers subverts quality health care at every level of the healthcare system. Research is needed to explore the gaps in our understanding of and identify strategies to reduce workaround behaviors.
Stress and Coping Among Caregivers of Patients with A Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Multi-center Mixed Methods Study

Introduction : Family caregivers of patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) play a central and formalized role in post-implant care. Little research has focused on caregivers’ lived experience, including stress and coping. Therefore, we characterized longitudinal stress, correlates of stress, and coping processes among LVAD caregivers. Methods Using data from the 6-site DECIDE-LVAD trial, a sequential exploratory mixed methods study was performed. For the quantitative portion, the primary outcome was the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10, score 0-40) at 6 months. Caregivers were included in quantitative analysis if they completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and their patient-dyad had received an LVAD by 6 months. A sub-set of caregivers were purposively sampled for qualitative interviews. Predictive modeling employed multiple linear regression. Based on the quantitative findings and guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, semi-structured interviews explored causes of stress and coping processes. Integration was performed during the qualitative and interpretation phases. Results A total of 96 caregivers met inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Caregivers were mostly female, white, spouses of the patient, and cohabitated with the patient. Mean (SD) PSS pre-implant was 14.3 (5.5), and at 6 months was 11.8 (6.9). Pre-implant, only decreased preparedness for caregiving was associated with higher PSS at 6 months. At 6 months, increased caregiver depressive symptoms, decreased caregiver preparedness for caregiving, and lower patient quality of life were associated with higher PSS. Qualitative analysis of 25 caregivers revealed the causes of stress coalesced around three themes: 1) lack of preparedness to be a caregiver, 2) uniqueness of stress for the caregiver and patient situation, and 3) caregiving responsibilities physically and emotionally impacting caregivers. In order to cope with stress, most caregivers employed emotion-focused coping. Conclusions Family caregivers are more likely to experience stress if they are unprepared, have depressive symptoms, and are caring for a patient with a decreased quality of life. Emotion-focused coping strategies were common for caregivers. Future work should better prepare caregivers for this role and support them through the caregiving experience.
Malestares sexuales en la ciudad letrada Sexual

This article reviews polemics engaged in by the writers Reinaldo Arenas, Fernando Vallejo, Porfirio Barba Jacob, and Salvador Novo, specifically the ways that these gay artists, who today exert notable influence on the national literatures, confront the most powerful intellectuals of the lettered city -Angel Rama, Jose Vasconcelos, and Pedro Henriquez Urena- to demand a place in a cultural field controlled by sexual hegemony. I propose that these polemics, beyond simply highlighting isolated problems, as critics and even the protagonists themselves have read them, try to re-map and call attention to the influence and novelty of these artists at the margin of power at the same time that they seize power for them. These vulgar and bitter polemics do not only queer intellectualism, but they also testify to the plasticity of a novel body that requires a name to materialize itself once and for all.
Very High-Q photonic microdisk resonator in an air-clad, thin-film SiN at near-visible wavelengths

Very high-Q photonic microdisk resonators in an air-clad thin-film SiN platform at near-visible wavelengths is demonstrated. The high Qs enabled by fabrication optimization result in the increased coherence time of the intracavity photon and provides better coherent interaction with atoms.
Pair Trading with Machine Learning Strategy in China Stock Market

Pair trading is a valuable market-neutral strategy used by many hedge funds. Instead of focusing on prices, pair trading values reliabilities by analyzing relative prices of two securities. Two problems are faced by most pair trading strategies, how to find profitable pairs and how to trade them for better performance. In this work, the focus is on how to improve the performance of pair trading strategy. A novel framework is proposed to deal with these two problems. With Test cointegration and Hurst exponent of price spreads to select stock pairs that can possibly be implemented pair trading strategy. Long short-term memory network model is applied to predict price spread on the next day. Based on one-step-ahead prediction, the simple strategy is modified to a more profitable one.
Uninterested and unequal?: examining SES-based gaps in youth political behavior on social media

Despite evidence that social media are transforming American political life, fundamental questions remain about their influence on political inequality among the next generation of citizens. This s...
Der Ursprung und Einfluß des evolutionären Gedankens

Zu dieser Schlusfolgerung kam der Philosoph John Dewey in seinem Essay «The Influence of Darwin an Philosophy» (1910). Ein Jahrhundert nach der Veroffentlichung von Darwins Buch sehen Philosophen noch immer «keine lebendigen Wissenschaften, menschlichen Haltungen oder institutionellen Machte, die unbeeinflust sind von den durch Darwins Werk katalytisch freigesetzten Ideen» (Collins 1959).
Act Your Age

With the aim of contributing to a sociology of age, this essay develops a framework for understanding age as accomplished, i.e., as something that is both a process and the outcome of ongoing interactional work. The common expression “act your age” provides the useful metaphor of performance. We perform our own age constantly, but we also give meaning to other ages and to age more generally in our actions and interactions, our beliefs and words and feelings, our social policies. This essay offers two routes to the conclusion that age is accomplished. The first involves drawing parallels between the study of age and the study of gender. The second route uses existing scholarship, which recognizes that age is far more social than chronological. I draw on work in the social constructionist, symbolic interactionist, and life course traditions to develop the framework of age-as-accomplished and to show its potential to organize much of what we already have learned about age and aging.
High-Energy Physics

High-energy physics (HEP) applications represent a cutting-edge field for signal processing systems. HEP applications require sophisticated hardware-based systems to process the massive amounts of data that they generate. Scientists use these systems to identify and isolate the fundamental particles produced during collisions in particle accelerators. This chapter examines the fundamental characteristics of HEP applications and the technical and developmental challenges that shape the design of signal processing systems for HEP. These challenges include huge data rates, low latencies, evolving specifications, and long design times. We cover techniques for HEP system design, including scalable designs, testing and verification, dataflow-based modeling, and design partitioning. Throughout, we provide concrete examples from the design of the Level-1 Trigger System for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We also discuss some of the new physics algorithms to be included in the upcoming LHCś high luminosity upgrade.
Computer simulation analysis of electricity rationing effects on steel mill rolling operations

This paper presents an application of computer simulation as a policy analysis tool for the electric utility industry. In the last decade, the amount of electricity generation capacity has remained constant while demand for electricity has been increasing. This situation puts industrial electricity users, those who use large highly varying quantities of electricity in potentially risky production and financial situations. In this paper, we describe a computer simulation model that examines the electricity requirements of a steel mill in a constrained electricity supply environment. By using simulation, we develop and analyze policies that quantify the costs and benefits of collaborative strategies for efficient electricity usage from both perspectives.
Robust, efficient evaluation of EM Green's tensors in generally anisotropic, planar-stratified media via complex-plane Gauss-Laguerre Quadrature

We propose a direct numerical integration-based eigenfunction expansion method to address long-standing computational efficiency, robustness, accuracy, and compute speed-related challenges concerning the full-wave evaluation of time-harmonic electromagnetic (EM) fields radiated by Hertzian (point) dipole antennas embedded in planar-stratified media of general anisotropy and loss. Robust and accurate, yet also rapid and computationally efficient, EM field evaluation in layered, anisotropic media is required both for validating faster, but more approximative methods (e.g., Closed Form Green's Function methods), as well as for conducting simulations in support of myriad applications either requiring a numerical forward modeler (e.g., microwave circuit and antenna radiation analysis) or to catalyze the inversion of environmental parameters (common in remote sensing applications, for example). However, numerous practical evaluation challenges impede the more routine, widespread exploitation of the eigenfunction expansion method's potent attributes (robustness, etc.) in said applications. Primarily, we refer to oscillatory behavior (limiting accuracy and computational efficiency), slow convergence, integral truncation error, and the need for rigorous error-controllability. Solution of these problems, on the other hand, would facilitate far greater forward and inverse-modeling flexibility with regard to the range of problems that can be simulated. We demonstrate that through employing a multi-level p refinement scheme paired with numerical evaluation, via Gauss-Laguerre quadrature, of the Fourier-like integrals upon a robust, judiciously-chosen integration path deformation, our proposed evaluation methodology summarily resolves said issues of convergence, truncation error, oscillatory behavior, and need for error-controllability in one coherent, streamlined formulation. Numerical results demonstrate the method's efficacy as compared to previous eigenfunction evaluation techniques.