cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1. Interleukin-6 as a biomarker in major depressive disorder

Interleukin-6 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates the HPA-axis, sympathetic nervous system, and production of acute-phase reactants. Elevations of IL-6 have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Further studies have suggested that IL-6 is an indicator of the severity of symptoms, especially suicidality. Forty-eight MDD patients and 23 healthy subjects were analyzed from two consecutive studies of identical design. Subjects met DSM-IV criteria for primary MDD. Severity of depression was assessed using the HAMD-17 scale. Anxiety was assessed with the HAMA scale. Patients in the first study were treated for 12 weeks with escitalopram. In the second study, patients received quetiapine XR for 12 weeks with flexible dosing. The data for IL-6 were not normally distributed, so non-parametric tests were used for statistical analyses. Patients with MDD (n = 48) had significantly higher baseline serum IL-6 than healthy controls (n = 20) (p = 0.05). Serum IL-6 failed to normalize with either escitalopram or quetiapine after treatment. Treatment response (⩽50% reduction or ⩽7 in HAM-D17 score) did not correlate with baseline level of IL-6. There was a significant correlation between baseline IL-6 and depression severity as measured by HAMD-7 (p = 0.05). This significance was lost with the HAMD-17 scale. There were no correlations between baseline IL-6 and severity of anxiety. Age was the only confound as younger MDD patients (<39 yrs) had higher IL-6 than healthy controls (p = 0.01).
A Modified Voluntary Feed Intake Bioassay for Determination of Metabolizable Energy with Leghorn Roosters

Abstract A rapid voluntary feed intake bioassay for the determination of metabolizable energy with Single Comb White Leghorn roosters was evaluated. Roosters were trained to maintain their normal daily feed consumption within a 4-hr period. In Experiment 1, a 24-hr preexperimental fasting period was found to be sufficient for intestinal clearance of dietary residues from the roosters on this feeding regimen. The metabolizable energy (ME) and true metabolizable energy (TME) contents of ground yellow corn, dehulled soybean meal, menhaden fish meal, and corn fermentation solubles were determined by feeding roosters these ingredients alone for 6-hr in Experiments 2 through 5. Excreta were quantitatively collected at 30 and 54 hr after initiation of the feeding period. This method was also used in Experiment 6 to evaluate dehydrated alfalfa meal except that this ingredient was mixed with a stock layer ration to attain adequate intake. During the 30 to 54-hr collection period, energy output (kcal/hr) by roosters fed all ingredients used in Experiment 2 to 5 was greater than that of fasted roosters. Length of excreta collection had less effect on ME values corrected to nitrogen equilibrium than on uncorrected ME values. A reduction in determined true dry matter digestibility and TME values of all ingredients resulted when these values were corrected to nitrogen equilibrium (TMEn). The TME and TMEn values (kcal/g of dry matter) for the 54-hr collection period were 3.834 ± .018 and 3.683 ± .014 for ground yellow corn, 3.027 ± .037 and 2.804 ± .029 for dehulled soybean meal, 3.413 ± .035 and 2.993 ± .020 for menhaden fish meal, 2.752 ± .074 and 2.650 ± .066 for corn fermentation solubles, and 1.762 ± .143 and 1.710 ± .120 for dehydrated alfalfa meal, respectively. The results of this study indicated that both dry matter digestibility and TME values should be corrected to nitrogen equilibrium to obtain accurate and reproducible values with this type of bioassay.
Spaceborne radar measurement of wind velocity over the ocean-an overview of the NSCAT scatterometer system

Scatterometry and scatterometer design issues are reviewed. The design of the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) to be flown on the Japanese ADEOS mission is presented. Building on Seasat experience, the NSCAT system includes several enhancements, such as three antenna azimuths in each of two swaths, and an onboard digital Doppler processor to allow backscatter measurements to be colocated everywhere within the orbit. These enhancements will greatly increase the quality of the NSCAT wind data. The ground processing of data is discussed, and scatterometers of the next decade are briefly described. >
Evaluating low bitrate scalable audio quality using advanced version of PEAQ and energy equalization approach

ITU-R BS.1387-1 gives a method for objective measurement of perceived audio quality known as PEAQ (perceptual evaluation of audio quality). This algorithm has been developed for measuring the quality of mid and high quality audio. We show that the advanced version of PEAQ performs poorly when compared to the previously developed energy equalization approach (EEA) for evaluating the quality of low bitrate scalable audio. We also show that including an energy equalization parameter as one of the model output variables (MOVs) of the advanced version improves its performance significantly; the performance of this modified version is superior to that of EEA.
Recovering a stuck capsule . and discovering a rare small-intestinal adenocarcinoma

A 74-year-old man with a 6-month history of worsening abdominal distension, decreased appetite, and anorexia had a videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) with failure of the capsule to pass. Before VCE, the patient had an extensive negative GI workup including, but not limited, to an EGD, colonoscopy, abdominal US study, ERCP, upper GI series, and CT scan. Of these studies, the only pertinent results included gastritis (EGD), diverticulosis, and a tubular adenoma at the hepatic flexure (colonoscopy). Repeat blood work during this evaluation was pertinent only for iron-deficient anemia and positive gliadin and endomysial antibody titers, although duodenal biopsies showed wellformed villi with no evidence of sprue. The patient then had a VCE, and the capsule was seen to be retained for 9 days within the proximal jejunum on abdominal imaging with plain films and CT scan. Upon double-balloon enteroscopy, the capsule was identified within an area of focal narrowing in the mid-jejunum (A) and was successfully retrieved with a Roth net. The endoscope was reinserted without difficulty, and the area of focal narrowing was again visualized (B). Multiple cold forceps biopsy specimens were taken of this area, which at pathology were seen as showed invasive adenocarcinoma. The patient was referred to surgery and had laparoscopic resection of the jejunal segmental that harbored the lesion. Since the operation, the patient has done well.
Surgical ventricular remodeling for severe left ventricular dysfunction (EF≤20%)

wall when the anteroseptal part of the left ventricle (LV) seemed to be more damaged than the posterolateral part of LV. We analyzed our surgical data. Result: Fourteen pts were female with average age of 53 and 22 pts underwent emergent procedure due to ongoing shock status. Preoperative NYHA class was III in 46 pts and IV in 57 pts including 38 inotropic dependent pts. Etiology was idiopathic DCM and other types of cardiomyopathy were excluded. PLV was performed in 69 pts and SAVE in 34 pts with concomitant procedures including mitral valve in all but one, tricuspid valve in 57 pts, and biventricular pacing in 15 pts. In-Hospital mortality was 6.2% (5/81) in elective operations. Early 17 pts who had undergone PLV exclusively noted 41.2% (7/17) of hospital mortality. After modification of our surgical strategy, 1, 3, and 6 year survival rate of elective 70 pts was 82.0, 69.2, and 58.8%, respectively. In 28 pts with inotropes dependent including ongoing shock status, presumably compatible with REMATCH study population, 1, 3, and 5 year survival rate was 48.1, 32.1, and 24.1%, respectively. Conclusion: A long term result of left ventricular restoration surgery for idiopathic DCM was good even in a poor prognostic population. Proper selection of surgical modality, PLV or SAVE, improved a long-term outcome. Left ventricular restoration surgery might be a surgical option to treat end-stage heart failure.
The Subchannel-Allocation for OFDMA Relaying Downlink Systems with Total Power Constraint

This paper considers the subchannel-allocation problem to maximize the sum-rate in orthogonal frequency- division multiple-access (OFDMA) regenerative relaying downlink systems with a total power constraint. Based on the Lagrange dual decomposition and the optimal condition of the problem, this paper proposes three heuristic algorithms: an extended modified inverse subchannel signal-to-noise ratio algorithm, a bit accumulation algorithm, and a bit ratio algorithm. Simulation results show that relaying systems with proposed algorithms outperform optimally resource-allocated OFDMA systems without relay stations by almost 100% ~ 270% depending on the system power, which confirms that subchannel-allocation is a key factor in obtaining a huge performance gain.
Gestational or acute restraint in adulthood reduces levels of 5α-reduced testosterone metabolites in the hippocampus and produces behavioral inhibition of adult male rats.

Stressors, during early life or adulthood, can alter steroid-sensitive behaviors, such as exploration, anxiety, and/or cognitive processes. We investigated if exposure to acute stressors in adulthood may alter behavioral and neuroendocrine responses of male rats that were exposed to gestational stress or not. We hypothesized that rats exposed to gestational and acute stress may show behavioral inhibition, increased corticosterone, and altered androgen levels in the hippocampus. Subjects were adult, male offspring of rat dams that were restrained daily on gestational days 14-20, or did not experience this manipulation. Immediately before testing, rats were restraint-stressed for 20 minutes or not. During week 1, rats were tested in a battery of tasks, including the open field, elevated plus maze, social interaction, tailflick, pawlick, and defensive burying tasks. During week 2, rats were trained and tested 24 hours later in the inhibitory avoidance task. Plasma corticosterone and androgen levels, and hippocampal androgen levels, were measured in all subjects. Gestational and acute restraint stress increased plasma levels of corticosterone, and reduced levels of testosterone’s 5α-reduced metabolites, dihydrotestosterone and 3α-androstanediol, but not the aromatized metabolite, estradiol, in plasma or the hippocampus. Gestational and acute restraint stress reduced central entries made in the open field, and latencies to enter the shock-associated side of the inhibitory avoidance chamber during testing. Gestational stress reduced time spent interacting with a conspecific. These data suggest that gestational and acute restraint stress can have actions to produce behavioral inhibition coincident with increased corticosterone and decreased 5α-reduced androgens of adult male rats. Thus, gestational stress altered neural circuits involved in the neuroendocrine response to acute stress in early adulthood.
Community-based peer-led diabetes self-management: a randomized trial.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a community-based diabetes self-management program comparing treatment participants to a randomized usual-care control group at 6 months.MethodsA total of 345 adults with type 2 diabetes but no criteria for high A1C were randomized to a usual-care control group or 6-week community-based, peer-led diabetes self-management program (DSMP). Randomized participants were compared at 6 months. The DSMP intervention participants were followed for an additional 6 months (12 months total). A1C and body mass index were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. All other data were collected by self-administered questionnaires.ResultsAt 6 months, DSMP participants did not demonstrate improvements in A1C as compared with controls. Baseline A1C was much lower than in similar trials. Participants did have significant improvements in depression, symptoms of hypoglycemia, communication with physicians, healthy eating, and reading food labels (P < .0...
A Case Study to Teach the Diagnostic Process: Determining the Cause of Chlorosis in a Crop of Cut Dicentra

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. problem-based learning, teaching methodology, decision case, floriculture, diagnostic process, Dicentra spectabilis specialty cut flowers, virus, disease, plant nutrition SUMMARY. This universally accessible, Web-based decision case presents the challenge of determining the cause of foliar chlorosis in a crop of dicentra (Dicentra spectabilis) being forced as a cut flower for Valentine’s Day sales. The case study serves as a tool to promote the development of diagnostic skills for production dilemmas, including nutritional disorders, disease problems, and evaluation of the appropriateness of cultural practices. Cut dicentra is a minor crop and standard production practices are not well established. Solving this case requires that students research production protocol, as well as nutritional and pest problems, and determine whether they have enough information to recommend a solution. In this case study, a grower at Flint’s Flower Farm must determine the cause of foliar chlorosis that is slowly appearing on about half the plants of her cut dicentra crop. The condition could be related to a number of possible problems, including a nutritional disorder, disease infection, or production practices. Resources are provided to aid students in gathering background information. Data accumulated by the grower are presented to allow students to eliminate unlikely solutions logically. The solution, which is unique to this crop, is provided along with detailed objectives and discussion points in teaching notes. This case study is complex in nature and is intended for use with advanced students in upper-level undergraduate courses of floriculture production, nutrient management, and plant pathology who have been previously exposed to the diagnostic process.
Design of high performance RTI software

This paper describes the implementation of RTI-Kit, a modular software package to realize runtime infrastructure (RTI) software for distributed simulations such as those for the High Level Architecture. RTI-Kit software spans a wide variety of computing platforms, ranging from tightly coupled machines such as shared memory multiprocessors and cluster computers to distributed workstations connected via a local area or wide area network. The time management, data distribution management, and underlying algorithms and software are described.
Managing strategic change: The duality of CEO personality

Using the five factor model (FFM) of personality, we delineate two distinct roles of CEO personality in managing strategic change: initiating strategic change and determining the performance effects of strategic change implementation. Based on data from 120 small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ecuador, we found that some FFM traits of CEOs influenced initiation only (extraversion and openness), others similarly influenced initiation and performance effects of implementation (emotional stability and agreeableness), and still others had opposing effects on initiation and effective implementation (conscientiousness). These results point to a dual role of CEO FFM of personality in managing strategic change, and they indicate the differences in CEO FFM traits needed to initiate strategic change and those needed to improve the performance effects of strategic change implementation.
Controlled crystallization of vaterite from viscous solutions of organic colloids

Precipitation of calcium carbonate from hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) containing aqueous solutions of CaCl{sub 2} and Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} resulted in an uncommon polymorph, vaterite. In contrast to precipitations without HEC, crystallization in the presence of HEC led to a shell-shaped body consisting of organized vaterite platelets. The artificial shell is a composite of stacks of vaterite and about 2% HEC. In the experimental arrangement used, HEC controlled both nucleation and crystal growth of vaterite. Concentration of HEC also affected the platelet's thickness which in turn influenced the shell's morphology as well. These results demonstrate the importance of organic-inorganic interface in controlling crystallization.
Specificity is rarely absolute in coral–algal symbiosis: implications for coral response to climate change

Some reef-building corals have been shown to respond to environmental change by shifting the composition of their algal symbiont (genus Symbiodinium ) communities. These shifts have been proposed as a potential mechanism by which corals might survive climate stressors, such as increased temperatures. Conventional molecular methods suggest this adaptive capacity may not be widespread because few (∼25%) coral species have been found to associate with multiple Symbiodinium clades. However, these methods can fail to detect low abundance symbionts (typically less than 10–20% of the total algal symbiont community). To determine whether additional Symbiodinium clades are present, but are not detected using conventional techniques, we applied a high-resolution, real-time PCR assay to survey Symbiodinium (in clades A–D) from 39 species of phylogenetically and geographically diverse scleractinian corals. This survey included 26 coral species thought to be restricted to hosting a single Symbiodinium clade (‘symbiotic specialists’). We detected at least two Symbiodinium clades (C and D) in at least one sample of all 39 coral species tested; all four Symbiodinium clades were detected in over half (54%) of the 26 symbiotic specialist coral species. Furthermore, on average, 68 per cent of all sampled colonies within a given coral species hosted two or more symbiont clades. We conclude that the ability to associate with multiple symbiont clades is common in scleractinian (stony) corals, and that, in coral–algal symbiosis, ‘specificity’ and ‘flexibility’ are relative terms: specificity is rarely absolute. The potential for reef corals to adapt or acclimatize to environmental change via symbiont community shifts may therefore be more phylogenetically widespread than has previously been assumed.
Using photography as a method to explore adolescent challenges and resilience in type 1 diabetes.

Patient-centered approaches to disease management are consistently recognized as valuable tools for improving health outcomes, yet studies are rarely designed to elicit adolescent perspectives. This study sought to better understand the perspectives of youths with type 1 diabetes according to key demographic variables. We conducted an exploratory study through which 40 youths were provided with disposable cameras and prompted to take five photographs each that captured what diabetes meant to them and to provide narratives to accompany their photo choices. Demographic variables examined included sex, age, disease duration, socioeconomic status (SES), race, and glycemic control (A1C). Content analysis was used for photos and open-ended responses to assign photo index scores, which were then analyzed by demographic variables using Mann-Whitney U tests for statistical significance. Analysis of photos/narratives ( n = 202) revealed five main types of representations depicted by at least 50% of the young people. “Challenge” photos included diabetes supplies as tethering, food as a source of frustration, and the body as a territory for disease encroachment. “Resilience” photos included coping mechanisms and symbols of resistance. Overall, these representations were consistent across demographic categories with two exceptions. Males took more food depictions than females ( P <0.005) and had fewer coping depictions ( P <0.05). Youths from more affluent households were more likely to take photos of resistance ( P <0.05). The use of photo index scores expands previous studies using photography by comparing demographic variation within a sample. Our findings provide insight into coping strategies and indicate that SES may provide an advantage for affluent youths in meeting diabetes-specific challenges.
High performance testing on SIMD machines

The authors describe how software testing using mutation analysis can be performed efficiently on an SIMD machine. They develop a technique that permits unified scheduling of multiple mutant programs on a very large SIMD machine. They believe that supercomputers with novel architectures can be used to enhance software productivity by using techniques like the one proposed. >
The Organizational Effects of Workplace Family Policies Past Weaknesses and Recent Progress Toward Improved Research

In the absence of the national policies of Western Europe that facilitate the integration of family and work roles, workplace family policies and programs are important supports for some Americans. However, such employer initiatives depend on claims of organizational benefits. In this context, evaluation research on the organizational effects of policies is highly germane. This article discusses some past weaknesses of such research, recent methodological improvements, and conceptual refinements and research findings about important characteristics of work/family policies, varying organizational outcomes, and relationships between the two.
Perceptual and neural pliability of odor objects

A key function of the sense of smell is to guide organisms towards rewards and away from dangers. However, because relatively few volatile chemicals in the environment carry intrinsic biological value, the meaning of an odor often needs to be acquired through learning and experience. The tremendous perceptual and neural plasticity of the olfactory system provides a design that is ideal for the establishment of links between odor cues and behaviorally relevant events, promoting appropriate adaptive responses to foods, friends, foes, and mates. This article describes recent human neuroimaging data showing the dynamic effects of olfactory perceptual learning and aversive conditioning on the behavioral discrimination of odor objects, with parallel plasticity and reorganization in the posterior piriform and orbitofrontal cortices. The findings presented here highlight the important role of experience in shaping odor object perception and in ensuring the human sense of smell achieves its full perceptual potential.
Structural and Biological Identification of Residues on the Surface of NS3 Helicase Required for Optimal Replication of the Hepatitis C Virus

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is a multifunctional enzyme with serine protease and DEXH/D-box helicase domains. A crystal structure of the NS3 helicase domain (NS3h) was generated in the presence of a single-stranded oligonucleotide long enough to accommodate binding of two molecules of enzyme. Several amino acid residues at the interface of the two NS3h molecules were identified that appear to mediate a protein-protein interaction between domains 2 and 3 of adjacent molecules. Mutations were introduced into domain 3 to disrupt the putative interface and subsequently examined using an HCV subgenomic replicon, resulting in significant reduction in replication capacity. The mutations in domain 3 were then examined using recombinant NS3h in biochemical assays. The mutant enzyme showed RNA binding and RNA-stimulated ATPase activity that mirrored wild type NS3h. In DNA unwinding assays under single turnover conditions, the mutant NS3h exhibited a similar unwinding rate and only ∼2-fold lower processivity than wild type NS3h. Overall biochemical activities of the mutant NS3h were similar to the wild type enzyme, which was not reflective of the large reduction in HCV replicative capacity observed in the biological experiment. Hence, the biological results suggest that the known biochemical properties associated with the helicase activity of NS3h do not reveal all of the likely biological roles of NS3 during HCV replication. Domain 3 of NS3 is implicated in protein-protein interactions that are necessary for HCV replication.
Spectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Evidence for a Sequential Mechanism for the A-to-B Transition in DNA ☆

The A-to-B form transition has been examined in three DNA duplexes, d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGCGAATTGCGC), and d(CGCAAATTTCGC), using circular dichroism spectroscopy, ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Circular dichroism spectra confirm that these molecules adopt the A form under conditions of reduced water activity. UVRR results, obtained under similar conditions, suggest that the transition involves a series of inter- mediate forms between A and B. Cooperative and distinct transitions were observed for the bases and the sugars. Independent MD simulations on d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 show a spontaneous change from the A to B form in aqueous solution and describe a kinetic model that agrees well with UVRR results. Based on these observations, we predict that the mechanism of the transition involves a series of A/B hybrid forms and is sequential in nature, similar to previous crystallographic studies of derivatized duplexes. A simulation in which waters were restrained in the major groove of B DNA shows a rapid, spontaneous change from B to A at reduced water activity. These results indicate that a quasiergodic sampling of the solvent distribution may be a problem in going from B to A at reduced water activity in the course of an MD simulation.
Enzymatic regeneration of ATP: II. Equilibrium studies with acetate kinase and adenylate kinase

Equilibria of reactions catalyzed by acetate kinase and adenylate kinase were studied experimentally and theoretically. Nucleotide conversions in excess of 90% were obtained with reactants (acetyl phosphate and one nucleotide) in stoichiometric proportion for ATP regeneration from either ADP via acetate kinase or AMP via the coupled enzyme system. Observed equilibrium constants, measured as a function of [Mg2+] at pH 7.4, ranged from about 1 to 9 for the reaction catalyzed by adenylate kinase and from about 50 to 400 for the reaction catalyzed by acetate kinase. These results agreed well with prediction of a theoretical model for the multiple equilibria between all species present in solution. Theoretical calculations showed that magnesium ion complexes and totally dissociated anions are the predominant species in solution at .
Use of Anesthetic-Based and Interventional Pain Management Techniques for Intractable Pain in Pediatric Cancer Patients (524)

Objectives 1. Identify common barriers and challenges in assessing dyspnea. 2. Critique available diagnostic and therapeutic options for malignant pleural effusions. 3. Review the available evidence for medical management of dyspnea. Dyspnea is a highly prevalent and distressing symptom for many patients with advanced illness. Without careful assessment, dyspnea may go unrecognized and untreated even in patients at the end-of-life. Thorough assessment of dyspnea includes attention to the impact of dyspnea on daily activities. We will review several validated scales for assessing dyspnea and their relative strengths and weaknesses in assessing dyspnea for clinical or research purposes. We will highlight some of the challenges of assessing dyspnea, including lack of objective measures and the numerous contributing factors. Pleural effusions are an especially common cause of dyspnea in a palliative care population and often recur despite initial treatment. We will highlight the available interventional options for treating pleural effusions, including thoracentesis, pleurodesis, and indwelling pleural catheters. The appropriate indications, the potential risks, and the benefits of each modality will be discussed in detail. The available evidence for the medical management of dyspnea will be reviewed, focusing on the use of oxygen, anxiolytics, and opioids. We will analyze the literature on the use of supplemental oxygen in COPD as well as comparative data on oxygen and medical air. The limited data supporting the use of anxiolytics, such as phenothiazines and benzodiazepines, will be critiqued and distilled. We will appraise the value of newer, less established, or potentially promising treatment modalities, such as nebulized opioids, steroids, nutrition, exercise, pulmonary rehabilitation, behavioral interventions, and complementary therapies (eg, massage). The evidence basis for the use of opioids in the management of dyspnea will also be reviewed with an emphasis on trials that help dispel common myths about the dangers of using opioids for alleviating shortness of breath. Finally a step-by-step strategy for assessing and managing dyspnea will be proposed.
Plasmid-Encoded Regulator of Extracellular Proteases in Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis Sterne cured of the pXO1 plasmid had enhanced secreted protease activity during the postexponential phase but no change in hemolytic or lecithinase activities. A zymogen profile revealed at least six proteases, including serine, metal, and perhaps cysteine types. There were similar amounts of protease secreted by the closely related species Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis, but the patterns differed. Among the pXO1 plasmid-encoded proteins, there is a tetratricopeptide protein designated Cot43 that is related to the Rap proteins of Bacillus subtilis and the PlcR pleiotropic regulator of secreted enzymes and toxins in B. thuringiensis. A disruption of the cot43 gene resulted in overproduction of several proteases to a somewhat greater extent than in the plasmid-cured strain. Transformation of either of these strains with a clone of the cot43 gene resulted in the inhibition of accumulation of some of the proteases and induction of at least one. On the basis of lacZ fusions, transcription of the cot43 gene increased in late exponential cells at the time of protease accumulation. The expression of lacZ fusions to the upstream regions of two B. anthracis extracellular protease genes was greater in the strain with the disruption of cot43 than in the Sterne strain, indicating regulation at the level of transcription. In B. anthracis, a pXO1 plasmid-encoded protein directly modulates or indirectly regulates the transcription of genes for several chromosomally encoded extracellular proteases.
Do We Need Competition Policy in an Integrated World Economy

The recent emergence worldwide of pro-market regimes and the subsequent adoption of competition policies and enforcement agencies by nations worldwide have renewed interest in the harmonization of competition policy between the world's various antitrust agencies. Proposals by noted scholars and practitioners argue that since increased levels of international trade increase the likelihood of anticompetitive behavior, traditional approaches to antitrust are incapable of supporting an open and free international trading system. Accordingly, a supranational antitrust enforcement agency may be able to deter cartelization more effectively than individual agencies. A second related rationale offered in support of harmonization initiatives is that the often anticompetitive effects of the distinct and disparate national industrial policy objectives can only be restrained by standardization of international competition practices. In this paper, we closely examine the arguments offered in support of harmonization of competition policy and find them unpersuasive. First, numerous empirical studies suggest that trade and the concurrent expansion of geographic markets do not augment the possibility of anticompetitive practices but rather reduce them. Second, it is questionable that the efficiencies associated with the internationalization of antitrust enforcement are significant.
Imagery versus Propositional Reasoning

Thought cannot consist solely of either words or mental images (perceptual representations that arise from information stored in memory); both representations are potentially ambiguous, and people never report having genuinely ambiguous thoughts (being unsure, for example, whether they are thinking of a wine or harbor when considering a ‘port’). Rather, thought apparently arises from more abstract ‘propositional’ representations, which are unambiguous language-like assertions. Nevertheless, mental imagery plays a role in thought as a kind of ‘mental notepad,’ analogous to the role of an actual notepad when one does arithmetic. Images can store information simultaneously, organize it spatially, and can serve as a vehicle for computing the consequences of specific actions. The remarkable flexibility of the human information processing system arises in part because we not only can make use of different types of representations, but can use them in different ways. Some reasoning may be most effectively accomplished using only propositional representations, and other reasoning may be most effective using a combination of types of representations.
Leukemia with Multiple Phenotypic Expressions

A patient is described who, during a three-year illness, exhibited multiple phenotypic expressions of leukemia. She was diagnosed initially as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) followed by chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) one and a half years later. Subsequent blast transformations were lymphoblastic, but preterminally, a myeloblastic transformation occurred. These later leukemias probably were not chemotherapy induced, because a review of her initial work-up revealed the presence of a smaller G group chromosome in 1 of 20 metaphases examined. Her clinical course also differs from the CML that presents in lymphoid blast crisis because the Philadelphia chromosome only was emerging at that point. This case illustrates the interrelationships of the various leukemias and supports the hypothesis that a totipotent stem cell may undergo leukemic transformation resulting in variable and simultaneous expressions.
Flight System Options for a Long-Duration Mars Airplane

The goal of this study was to explore the flight system options for the design of a long endurance Mars airplane mission. The mission model was built in the design framework ModelCenter and a combination of a hybrid and user-driven fixed point iteration optimization method was used to determine the maximum endurance solution of each configuration. Five different propulsion systems were examined: a bipropellant rocket, a battery powered propeller, a direct methanol fuel cell powered propeller, and beamed solar and microwave powered propeller systems. Five airplane configurations were also studied. The best configuration has a straight wing with two vertical tails. The direct methanol fuel cell proved to be the best onboard power system for a long endurance airplane and the solar beamed power system showed potential for indefinite flight. The combination of the best configuration and the methanol fuel cell resulted in an airplane capable of cruising for 17.8 hours on Mars.
Neuritis or Paralysis of Fowls

Abstract The importance of the disease which has come to be known as paralysis of fowls is now quite generally recognized. The pathology of this disease has already been quite adequately described. It suffices to say that the disease produces very definite gross and microscopic changes in the nervous system. The close association of iritis or iridocyclitis and the more strictly neuropathic conditions make it appear highly probable that the eye symptoms and paralysis are due to the same cause. The striking gross and microscopic pathology of the disease and the persistence with which it propagates itself in flocks of fowls indicate that it is a distinct infectious disease. There are several important phases of paralysis which might be discussed. This paper, however, will be limited to a presentation of evidence indicating that the disease is frequently transmitted from parent to offspring through the egg. It is not meant to imply . . .
Single-Molecule Studies in Live Cells

Live-cell single-molecule experiments are now widely used to study complex biological processes such as signal transduction, self-assembly, active trafficking, and gene regulation. These experiments' increased popularity results in part from rapid methodological developments that have significantly lowered the technical barriers to performing them. Another important advance is the development of novel statistical algorithms, which, by modeling the stochastic behaviors of single molecules, can be used to extract systemic parameters describing the in vivo biochemistry or super-resolution localization of biological molecules within their physiological environment. This review discusses recent advances in experimental and computational strategies for live-cell single-molecule studies, as well as a selected subset of biological studies that have utilized these new technologies.
Design and Realization of a Kind of Acquisition Terminal Field Test Equipment

In the electricity information collection system construction which has become the scale,collection terminal in laboratory testing,when in operation,often the copy pass rate is not ideal,and has the impassability phenomenon, the main reason is that the laboratory cannot fully simulate the real scene of various running condition,and the test equipment is less,it is difficult to carry out field test. This paper introduces a data acquisition terminal field test equipment,and expounds main function,the equipment of the technical indicators,implementation method and key technology,the device can effectively determine the low-voltage carrier communication of the actual communication ability,fast test communication can be effective on terminals of special transformer,low voltage the acquisition terminal and electric energy meter,can monitor the power line noise effectively,in order to solve the acquisition terminal site of installation,debugging and operation and maintenance link problems.
Investigation on health service demands and utilization of elderly aged 60 and over in WuHan

Objective To provide guidance for health-policy making by investigating health service needs and utilization for elderly aged 60 and over in WuHan.Methods With stratified group randomly sampling,2 171 Wuhan residents,aged over 60 years and living in Wuhan for at least 1 year,were interviewed person to person by trained public health surveyors.Results Prevalence of chronic diseases in elderly aged 60 and over reached as high as 65.00%.The top three leading chronic diseases were hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease;24.60% of which were ill without consulting doctor in the past month,and 30% of which never had a physical examination.As for health knowledge,they need knowledge of common diseases most,and for health service,they need regular physical examination most.Conclusions Health service needs of the elderly are increasing,but the utilization of health services is not optimistic.Public health services should be provided with appropriate modes,which are:acceptable for the seniors,the services should based on the needs of the elderly,and can be adjusted according to their demand.
Holomorphic maps of discs into F-spaces

At the Conference on In f in i te Dimensional Ho lomorphy held at the Univers i ty o f Ken tucky in 1973, D. J. Patil asked whether there exist ho lomorph ic maps f o f the open unit disc U into the open uni t ball B o f any separable complex 'Banach space, such that the convex hull o f f (U) is dense in B. The fo l lowing theorem shows that one can actual ly do much better (or worse, depending on one's a t t i tude toward pathology) ; in part icular, convex i ty plays no role.
Using “Symbolic” SWAT Raids as a Crime Reduction Strategy: Are Their Effects “Instrumental” in Nature?

This study explores the instrumental function of hot spot policing. Although prior research has examined deterrent effects in crime hot spots, less is known about its citywide effects and varying effects across different types of crime and disorder. Also, there still exist gaps in the literature about what strategies are most likely to deter crime and disorder. Using data on crime and law enforcement in Buffalo, this study uses interrupted time-series models to determine whether symbolic Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) raids have any citywide impacts on drug arrests, calls for service, and different types of crimes. There is no evidence of a deterrent effect on drug arrests and calls for service. However, the SWAT intervention resulted in significant decreases in street crimes involving property (robberies and larcenies). Its crime control effects are mostly abrupt and temporary, but there are lingering effects of the intervention. Finally, implications of the results are discussed.
Namor's Odyssey: Mythical, Metaphors and History in Siassi

THE STORY OF Manup and Kilibob from the Rai Coast is the first of six episodes of the Legend of Namor as it occurs in the Siassi small islands off the northeast coast of New Guinea (see Introduction, Map 1). Elsewhere I have analyzed how this legend expresses Mandok Islanders’ cultural identity as they conceive it, by presenting them with models of and models for behavior (Pomponio 1992; cf. Geertz 1966). Inspired by Peter Lawrence (1964), I emphasized the inherent religiosity of this story for the people who tell it. I examined the manner in which it explains how the Siassi environment was created, why it is barren compared to other areas in the trade system, and why Siassi Islanders (the Aromot and the Mandok in particular) were given the right and knowledge to connect the intricate interethnic network known as the Vitiaz trade system (Harding 1967b). Mandok choices favoring certain development projects over others reflected their identity as mobile, maritime, middleman traders, in contrast to their sedentary, horticulturalist neighbors. This article departs from that approach and focuses on the story’s historical value, in both the Mandok and the Western senses of the term. That history elucidates larger principles of cosmogony, cosmology, and epistemological style that were the focus of Lawrence’s work. Gabriel Aipake, a member of one of Mandok’s higher lineages (see Pomponio 1992:96-98), who later became the church deacon on Mandok, introduced me to this legend and to its religious/sacred character by use of an analogy with the Christian Bible. He explained, “Today we have the explana-
The Role of Juvenile Hormone in Mosquito Development and Reproduction

Abstract Juvenile hormone (JH) is a key regulator of development and reproduction in mosquitoes. JH delays metamorphosis until larvae have attained an appropriate stage and size. At that point, a drop in JH titre permits a metamorphic moult. As the antimetamorphic role of JH comes to an end, the late pupa becomes again “competent” to synthesize JH, which plays an essential role orchestrating reproductive maturation. JH synthesis is controlled by the rate of flux of isoprenoid precursors, with a complex interplay of changes in precursor pools, enzyme levels and nutritional and developmental modulators, such as 20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysis-triggering hormone, insulin and allatostatin-C. JH uses multiple molecular mechanisms to exert its pleiotropic functions at different stages of the mosquito life cycle. JH acts via an unidentified membrane receptor and an intracellular receptor, methoprene-tolerant protein. The latter functions as a transcription factor and directly regulates the expression of JH target genes.
Highly reliable silicone TIM for CPU package - Silicone curable grease -

Power consumption of CPU was getting higher, and die size is larger during this decade. This trend affected what thermal interface material (TIM) should be chosen. For instance higher thermally conductive TIM grease was placed into CPU package in mid dasia90s. But this was not perfect solution. Because of pumping out issue happened with big packaging warpage with thermal cycle. Against this issue Cross-linking technology works very well. Especially low modulus (Gel phase) material shows the best performance for both thermal performance and reliability.
Feminizing Aureation in Lydgate’s Life of Our Lady and Life of Saint Margaret

Although the fifteenth-century English poet John Lydgate frequently references Chaucer as the model for his ornate aureate style, recent scholarship has argued that Lydgate’s poetic style is more ambivalent towards Chaucer and more innovative than was previously acknowledged. This paper examines Lydgate’s Life of Our Lady and Life of Saint Margaret, two poems in which Lydgate’s aureate discourse of poetic inspiration is centered upon the image of a sanctified female body that is simultaneously virginal and fecund, and upon the corresponding figurative language of liquid abundance and gems. Lydgate uses this paradoxical image to develop multiple registers of poetic and spiritual meaning around his aureate language, distancing himself from the patriarchal Chaucerian poetic model and emphasizing that his decorative poetic style is not merely ornamental but instead is integral to his poetic matter.
No Longer Trapped

To my innocent youth, I thank you for falling in love with words. With books. To my rebellious teenage years, I thank you for drowning my sorrows with hopeless remedies. To my immature adulthood, I thank you for the beautiful baby that I absolutely adore. To the present me, I thank you for never giving up on me and believing in me. To the future me, you did it and I am so incredibly proud of you.
Legal Issues in Geriatric Surgery

The practice of surgery involving older patients is extensively regulated in the United States in a variety of ways. Besides direct government command and control (“Thou shalt” and “Thou shalt not”) regulation and indirect regulation through Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rules, a number of private entities contribute to the oversight of surgery practice through their standard-setting and disciplinary activities. A further source of regulation is the American judicial system, under which the courts may be used by individual patients who bring private civil malpractice lawsuits to seek financial compensation from particular surgeons and other health care professionals and institutions for harms that the defendants have wrongfully caused. Particularly egregious behavior, such as patient abuse, may even subject a health care professional to the possibility of criminal law prosecution. This chapter examines three specific areas of legal regulation affecting the practice of surgery for older patients. These foci are medical malpractice litigation, informed decision making requirements and exceptions, and confidentiality protections. Additionally, general risk management considerations for the surgeon treating geriatric patients are outlined.
Double emulsion electrospun nanofibers as a growth factor delivery vehicle for salivary gland regeneration

Sustained delivery of growth factors, proteins, drugs and other biologically active molecules is necessary for tissue engineering applications. Electrospun fibers are attractive tissue engineering scaffolds as they partially mimic the topography of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, they do not provide continuous nourishment to the tissue. In search of a biomimetic scaffold for salivary gland tissue regeneration, we previously developed a blend nanofiber scaffold composed of the protein elastin and the synthetic polymer polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). The nanofiber scaffold promoted in vivo-like salivary epithelial cell tissue organization and apicobasal polarization. However, in order to enhance the salivary cell proliferation and biomimetic character of the scaffold, sustained growth factor delivery is needed. The composite nanofiber scaffold was optimized to act as a growth factor delivery system using epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a model protein. The nanofiber/EGF hybrid nanofibers were synthesized by double emulsion electrospinning where EGF is emulsified within a water/oil/water (w/o/w) double emulsion system. Successful incorporation of EGF was confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. EGF release profile was characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) of the EGF content. Double emulsion electrospinning resulted in slower release of EGF. We demonstrated the potential of the proposed double emulsion electrospun nanofiber scaffold for the delivery of growth factors and/or drugs for tissue engineering and pharmaceutical applications.