cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imagining Circassia: David Urquhart and the Making of North Caucasus Nationalism

p A eripheral nations attract committed intercessors. Over the last two centuries, the cause of almost every sizeable cultural group from Central Europe to the Arabian Peninsula and beyond has been taken up by one or another traveler, journalist, adventurer, or ne'er-do well intent on finding in the often disorganized resistance to imperial rule a germ of national sentiment that might be put to some political use. T. E. Lawrence is the most famous of these, but there were many others: the eccentric painter Edith Durham, the chief spokeswoman of the Albanian national cause; her rival, the historian R. W. Seton-Watson, the champion of several European nationalities, from Romanians to Slovaks; the amateur linguist Oliver Wardrop, who became an advocate for Georgian independence from both Russians and Bolsheviks; and a bevy of archaeologists, Orientalists, and simple plunderers such as Sven Hedin and Aurel Stein, who helped focus European attention on the lost cultures and strategic significance of the "silk road." At once observers and advocates, these activist intellectuals were critical in providing information on otherwise unknown groups on the fringes of European and Eurasian empires. But they also brought with them a clear and often inflated sense of their own importance on the ground. Many considered themselves to be both interpreters of dispossessed nationalities for the outside world as well as the agents of these nationalities' cultural enlightenment. They looked on their adopted peoples with a double gaze: a romantic attachment to the simplicity and purity of the "East" and a sense of frustration when romance and reality collided. Some ascribed to themselves the role of nation-maker. They imagined themselves as not only advocates for dispossessed nationalities but also as the midwives of national rebirth, calling inchoate nations into existence. Some of these outsiders?such as Durham
Data Mining of Malaria Parasite Gene Expression for Possible Translational Research

Malaria is a caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium where the host is a vertebrate and the vector is a mosquito. Over 1 million deaths are attributed to malaria each year. Drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and the lack of an effective vaccine to protect the host are major impediments to the prevention and control of malaria. Genome-wide microarray experiments on malaria parasites have provided new insights into the transcription of genes and gene networks during parasite development stages. This overview article presents basic information on malaria parasites, their hosts and vectors; life cycle of human malaria parasites; and gene content of malaria parasites. Mathematical and statistical methods presented at conferences on Critical Assessment of Microarray Data Analysis (CAMDA) could be integrated into malaria parasite databases as tools for widespread use thereby accelerating the characterization of biological processes that are basis for better drugs, effective vaccines and easy-to-use diagnostics.
Understanding Mobile Banking Applications’ Security risks through Blog Mining and the Workflow Technology

This paper provides a review of the security aspect of mobile banking applications. We employed blog mining as a research method to analyze blog discussion on security of mobile banking applications. Furthermore, we used the workflow technology to simulate real-life scenarios related to attacks on mobile banking applications. Insights are summarized to help banks and consumers mitigate the security risks of mobile banking applications.
GDSS Parameters and Benefits

Group decision support system (GDSS) technology is designed to directly impact and change the behavior of groups to improve group effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, and has been studied for more than two decades by researchers. However, as a tool, it is appropriate for use in situations with certain characteristics and is not useful in others. This chapter delineates and discusses some of the key parameters of this approach based on a research model. Parameters are classified based on whether they are related to the technology, group, task, or context. Their benefits for GDSS outcomes are discussed to provide insight into the group decision-making process.
US–Mexico border tourism and day trips: an aberration in globalization?

We examine the influence of two distinct regime changes in US border security on the number of persons traveling from the US into Mexico on day trips. In contrast to increases in overall US tourism to Mexico and rapidly growing trade linkages, day trips to Mexico fell by over 20 % between 2000 and 2012. In the popular press, the reduction in short visits is widely attributed to a rising tide of violence in the Mexican border states, more specifically to a rise in the rate of homicides as a result of the emergence, or radical transformation, of a drug war in Mexico. We show that changes in the US border regime caused a large reduction of day trips and border tourism, and in doing so had a large negative effect on the Mexican border. We situate this result within the literature devoted to analyzing the effects of changes in international documents on tourist flows.
Health, Safety, and a Sustainable Environment Require Participatory Democracy and a Commitment to Social Justice and Equality

New Solutions has just completed twenty-five years of publication. It began in 1990, a time when neoliberalism (defined in New Solutions, volume 20) became dominant in the United States. This free-market fundamentalist ideology has driven privatization of the public sector, deregulation of industry and efforts to advance democracy and equality (labor, civil, human, and voting rights), and demanded that public service sectors such as education, healthcare, and government operate and be managed as though they were profit-making businesses. A frequently heard mantra these days is that every productive enterprise is a business with the mission to minimize costs, maximize efficiency, and demonstrate with quantifiable metrics its value and/or profit. Neoliberalism also returned the finance sector to a predominant economic and social position it had not held since the 1920s, reducing the importance and clout of the manufacturing sectors. The success of manufacturing requires a skilled work force and a working class that can afford to purchase manufactured goods. The finance sector needs only the ability to leverage money. Just look at how often stock markets soar when workers are laid off. The theories supporting neoliberalism hold that the market, if left to operate freely without external regulation, will create the equality, democracy, health, and environmental quality desired by the society in which the markets function. New Solutions has published articles that address the impacts that these practices have had on the working and living conditions of populations internationally. This editorial, NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 2016, Vol. 26(1) 4–10 ! The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1048291116638646 new.sagepub.com
The Perpetual Uncertainty of Civil Society: Case Study of an Anti-Hunger Organization in South Africa

South Africa has one of the most active civil societies in the world, with more than 85,000 registered civil society organizations (CSOs). However, the growth of CSOs in post-apartheid South Africa does not necessarily imply that the sector is strong. While it is true that the demise of the apartheid regime increased democratic representation within South Africa, CSOs have experienced a series of institutional challenges which have weakened their organizational stability. This has included increased oversight by the state, inefficient and inconsistent funding from government, fickle demands by private donors, and competition from other sectors. Through an in-depth case study of a historically prominent CSO in South Africa, this paper critically analyzes the institutional challenges faced by CSOs in South Africa. Data findings suggest that lack of long-term funding support, ineffective state funding mechanisms, and competition from state programs and new CSOs have resulted in perpetual uncertainty for some CSOs. In all, these institutional problems may have the potential to shrink, destabilize, and limit the viability of South African CSOs. Moreover, this suggests that South African democratization may have simultaneously produced new opportunities for some CSOs, yet reinforced unequal power relations for other CSOs and thus produced a highly polarized CSO landscape.
The Baroreflex as a Long-Term Controller of Arterial Pressure

Because of resetting, a role for baroreflexes in long-term control of arterial pressure has been commonly dismissed in the past. However, in recent years, this perspective has changed. Novel approaches for determining chronic neurohormonal and cardiovascular responses to natural variations in baroreceptor activity and to electrical stimulation of the carotid baroreflex indicate incomplete resetting and sustained responses that lead to long-term alterations in sympathetic activity and arterial pressure.
Long cycle life microporous spherical carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries derived from furfuryl alcohol

Spherical micron-sized carbon powders were synthesized from feedstock furfuryl alcohol and tested as anodes in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). A long cycle life of 1000 cycles is achievable with this carbon at C rate (3–4 mg cm−2 loading and i = 200 mA g−1) yielding a steady capacity of ca. 115 mA h g−1. The results from solid-state 23Na MAS NMR analyses of cycled electrodes indicate no correlation in voltage profiles with sodium site nature (graphene or nanopores), which is a new observation in SIB carbon anodes.
Sintering and mechanical properties of ZrC-ZrO2 composites

Zirconium carbide containing up to 40 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia was sintered at 1800 to 2200° C in argon and carbon monoxide atmospheres in a graphite tube furnace. Well-dispersed fine powders containing 20 wt% ZrO2 or more, when formed into compacts with green densities of 55% or above, could be sintered to theoretical density in 1 h at 2000° C. The resulting microstructure consisted of a dispersed ZrO2 phase in a continuous zirconium oxi-carbide matrix. The fracture toughness and four-point bend strength were a maximum at 40 wt% ZrO2 and were 5.8 MPa m1/2 and 320 MPa, respectively. The fracture surface was irregular and primarily intergranular.
Effect of Epinephrine on Adrenal Cholesterol and Ascorbic Acid.

It has previously been shown that the injection of pure adrenotrophic hormone into rats is followed by a rapid fall in adrenal ascorbic acid, a slower fall in adrenal cholesterol, and an increase in liver glycogen.1,2,3 It has been found (unpublished experiments) that exposure of rats to such conditions as cold, scalds, or hemorrhage is also followed by a depletion of adrenal cholesterol and ascorbic acid. However, since the above stresses are without any effect on the adrenal cholesterol and ascorbic acid of hypophysectomized rats, it is evident that a release of adrenotrophic hormone from the anterior pituitary is a preliminary and necessary step in the adrenal cortical response to an increased need for cortical hormone.The factors, humeral or nervous, that are associated with stress and which lead to an increased secretion of adrenotrophic hormone are not known, but it would appear that one common denominator is an increased degree of activity of the sympathetic nervous system, with a consequent releas...
Awareness of Health Knowledge and Health Related Behaviors Among Residents in Qingyang District of Chengdu

Objective To understand the awareness of health knowledge and the health related behaviors among the residents in Qingyang district.Methods A total of 1 020 residents received the questionnaire survey.Results The awareness rate of health knowledge was 62.8%,and the formation rate of health related behavior was 58.3%.Conclusion In order to improve the residents'health knowledge awareness and the formation of health related behaviors,it is necessary to conduct health education and intervention among them.
Simultaneous revascularization of coronary and vertebral arteries

Simultaneous vertebral artery and coronary artery bypass are reported in a patient with unstable angina who exhibited signs and symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency while awaiting myocardial revascularization. The indications and various technical options for vertebral artery bypass are reviewed, and the techniques applied in this case are described. Observations on coronary and vertebral vein graft flow, with and without intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, are presented. Late patency of the aortovertebral vein graft has been documented, and the patient has been free from symptoms of vertebrobasilar and coronary insufficiency for 5 years.
The Effect of a High Upper Input Limiting Level on Word Recognition in Noise, Sound Quality Preferences, and Subjective Ratings of Real-World Performance.

BACKGROUND One important factor that plays a role in front-end processing is the analog-to-digital converter within current hearing aids. The average input dynamic range of hearing aids is 96 dB SPL with an upper input limiting level (UILL) of 95-105 dB SPL. The UILL of standard hearing aids could distort loud signals, such as loud speech or music, which have root-mean-square values of 90 and 105 dB SPL with crest factors of 12 dB SPL to 14-20 dB SPL, respectively. This indicates that these loud sounds could create a distorted signal for patients when the input limiting level is reached. PURPOSE To examine if significant differences in word recognition in noise, sound quality preferences, and subjective ratings of real-world performance exist between conventional and high UILL hearing aids. RESEARCH DESIGN Words in noise and sound quality preferences were assessed using recordings on a Knowles Electronic Manikin for Acoustic Research with conventional and high UILL hearing aids, different microphone modes, and listening conditions. Participants wore the hearing aids for 2 mo and completed questionnaires on subjective performance. STUDY SAMPLE Ten adults with bilateral slight to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss were recruited. RESULTS A four-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between the conventional and high UILL across microphone modes and listening conditions for words in noise [F(2, 18) = 6.0; p < 0.05]. A three-factor repeated-measures ANOVA for sound quality preferences revealed a significant difference only for presentation level [F(1, 9) = 81.0; p < 0.001]. A one-factor ANOVA did not reveal significant differences between the conventional and high UILL on subjective ratings of real-world performance. CONCLUSIONS Word recognition and sound quality preferences revealed significant differences between the conventional and high UILL; however, there were no differences in subjective ratings of real-world performance. One participant preferred the conventional UILL, two the high UILL, and seven thought performance was equal, which may be due to the listening environments participants encountered, as evidenced by datalogging.
LOCALIZATION OF THE ENZYMES THAT CATALYZE HYDROGEN AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN HEMOPHILUS PARAINFLUENZAE AND THE NATURE OF THE RESPIRATORY CHAIN SYSTEM.

Hemophilus parainjuenzae possess a respiratory chain system with many characteristics similar to those of the mammalian system (1) and of a number of other bacteria (2): it is composed of typical flavoprotein dehydrogenases and six cytochrome pigments, three of which appear to be oxidases (3-5). These pigments are bound to particles which presumably are derived from the cytoplasmic membrane. Unusual aspects of the respiratory chain of H. parainjluenxae are the accumulation, under some conditions of growth, of large amounts of one cytochrome that is not reducible in the presence of substrates (4,6,7), and the variability of the proportions of the different pigments observed under different growth conditions and in different phases of growth (57). Further studies, reported here, show that bacteria having widely varying proportions of the different cytochromes can have respiration rates that are similar with a number of substrates. These bacteria are readily permeable to substrates and pyridine nucleotides (8). Thus it is possible to compare the reactions of the membrane-bound system in intact bacteria and in the small membrane fragments derived from it upon rupture of the cells. Such studies show little modification of the reactivity immediately after preparation of the membrane fragments, but upon standing some pigments become dissociated from the membrane. As long as the pigments are associated with the membrane in proper orientation, electron transport can proceed rapidly, and the cytochromes and flavoproteins can be seen to undergo oxidation and reduction during electron transport. In either intact cells or particles, the over-all rate of electron transport is always limited by the reaction of the membrane-bound flavoprotein dehydrogenases with the appropriate substrate. Pyridine nucleotide is reduced by dehydrogenases which are not membrane-bound, and the rates of reduction of diphosphopyridine nucleotide are low. Taken together, all of the studies on the respiratory chain system of H. parainj~nzae show that its properties resemble those of mammalian mitochondria in most aspects. However, there is compelling evidence that in these bacteria the system is not composed of fixed units of pigments with a definite “stoichiometry” of the components.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder Associated with Cyclophosphamide Therapy for Wegener’s Granulomatosis: A Report of 2 Cases

AbstractCyclophosphamide has been used to treat a variety of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. The association of this agent with the development of urothelial tumors has been well documented. Although most bladder cancers associated with prior cyclophosphamide therapy are transitional cell carcinoma, to our knowledge there have been 6 reports of cyclophosphamide-induced squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. We report 2 additional cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder that occurred in patients after cyclophosphamide treatment for Wegener’s granulomatosis. Any patient with a history of prolonged cyclophosphamide ingestion needs careful long-term monitoring of the lower urinary tract, since there is at least a 9-fold increase in the incidence of lower urinary tract malignancy in such patients.
Global Observability Indices: A Provisional Study

A provisional definition is given for an observability filtration, or descending chain of subspaces, on the global pole space of a general transfer function, and global observability indices are defined in terms of this filtration. By construction, these indices coincide with the row degrees of a matrix describing a special left matrix factorization of the transfer function. Conjecturally, the observability filtration can also be defined directly by methods of geometric control theory.
Investigation of the Biological Impact of Charge Distribution on a NTR1-Targeted Peptide

The neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) has been shown to be a promising target, due to its increased level of expression relative to normal tissue, for pancreatic and colon cancers. This has prompted the development of a variety of NTR1-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, based on the neurotensin (NT) peptide, for diagnostic and radiotherapeutic applications. A major obstacle for the clinical translation of NTR1-targeted radiotherapeutics would likely be nephrotoxicity due to the high levels of kidney retention. It is well-known that for many peptide-based agents, renal uptake is influenced by the overall molecular charge. Herein, we investigated the effect of charge distribution on receptor binding and kidney retention. Using the [(N-α-Me)Arg8,Dmt11,Tle12]NT(6–13) targeting vector, three peptides (177Lu–K2, 177Lu–K4, and 177Lu–K6), with the Lys moved closer (K6) or further away (K2) from the pharmacophore, were synthesized. In vitro competitive binding, internalization and efflux, and confocal microscopy studies w...
STUDIES ON TUBERCULOSIS CHAPTER III. THE DERIVATION OF GIANT CELLS WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE OF TUBERCULOSIS

1. There are two types of giant cells discriminated by their method of formation; one is derived from a single monocyte or epithelioid cell and the other by the fusion of cells. 2. The epithelioid giant cell is formed by amitotic nuclear division; it tends to be small, simple, and relatively uniform in structure; its essential structure is a rosette of fine vacuoles which in the living state are stainable with neutral red. 3. The foreign body types show extreme variation in size and structure, according to the nature and the number of the cells out of which they are made. They lack any constant cytoplasmic pattern. 4. Both of these types of giant cells are probably formed in response to the need for phagocytosis of foreign material. 5. In tuberculosis it is probably only certain specific portions of the lipoids that induce the production of mono- and multinucleated epithelioid cells. 6. The stimuli for the formation of giant cells of the foreign body type are much more varied than those which produce epithelioid giant cells.
Carbapenemase-Producing Aeromonas veronii Disseminated in the Environment of an Equine Specialty Hospital

The emergence of bacterial resistance to carbapenem antibiotics is an urgent public health threat. Carbapenem drugs are a last resort treatment option for life-threatening infections. The frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to treat hospitalized patients provides significant selection pressure favoring the emergence and dissemination of resistant organisms, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). CREs have been reported in animal populations, but only rarely in horses. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of CRE in the environment of a referral equine specialty hospital. Environmental samples were collected on seven different sampling dates. Four clonal carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas veronii were recovered from 315 sampled surfaces (1.3%). All four isolates harbored the carbapenemase-producing, metallo-β-lactamase gene blacphA, although corresponding minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the susceptible range for imipenem and meropenem. All had an identical multilocus sequence type with a previously unreported allelic profile and contained multiple plasmids. To our knowledge, this recovery of blacphA-harboring A. veronii is the first report of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in the environment of an equine veterinary hospital. However, the low recovery rate suggests that environmental contamination is uncommon. Appropriate hospital cleaning and disinfection protocols are necessary to maintain a low risk of contamination for patients and personnel.
Afectividad y autoría femenina. La construcción estratégica de la subjetividad en las escritoras del siglo XIX

El ensayo pretende trazar la compleja evolucion emocional de la subjetividad femenina a lo largo del siglo XIX, a traves del analisis de las sucesivas generaciones de escritoras que surgieron a partir de la decada de los 40. Insistiremos en la no linealidad de este proceso, cuyos vaivenes se relacionan de una manera compleja con las tensiones cambiantes entre las diversas culturas politicas del momento. Tambien insistiremos en la inevitable incoherencia de unas subjetividades cuya construccion responde al intento estrategico de reconciliar lo posible con lo aceptable. Abstract The article aims to trace the complex emotional evolution of female subjectivity over the course of the nineteenth century, through analysis of the successive generations of women writers who emerged from the 1840s on. It will stress the non-linearity of this process whose oscillations respond in complex ways to the changing tensions between the various political cultures of the day. It will also insist on the inevitable incoherence of subjectivities whose construction responds to the strategic attempt to reconcile what is possible with what is acceptable.
Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models

Abstract We perform a systematic study of models involving leptoquarks and diquarks with masses well below the grand unification scale and demonstrate that a large class of them is excluded due to rapid proton decay. After singling out the few phenomenologically viable color triplet and sextet scenarios, we show that there exist only two leptoquark models which do not suffer from tree-level proton decay and which have the potential for explaining the recently discovered anomalies in B meson decays. Both of those models, however, contain dimension five operators contributing to proton decay and require a new symmetry forbidding them to emerge at a higher scale. This has a particularly nice realization for the model with the vector leptoquark ( 3 , 1 ) 2 / 3 , which points to a specific extension of the Standard Model, namely the Pati–Salam unification model, where this leptoquark naturally arises as the new gauge boson. We explore this possibility in light of recent B physics measurements. Finally, we analyze also a vector diquark model, discussing its LHC phenomenology and showing that it has nontrivial predictions for neutron–antineutron oscillation experiments.
Does Rhetoric Have a Place in Wohlrapp’s Theory of Argument?

When a new theory of argumentation becomes available on the English-speaking market, such as it is happening now through the translation of Harald Wohlrapp’s The Concept of Argument, it is always interesting to work out how the new input will interact with the work that has otherwise been done in the field. (Wohlrapp, 2014) This comment aims to determine whether rhetoric has a place in Wohlrapp’s account of argumentation.
Detecting Dentinal Microcracks Using Different Preparation Techniques: An In Situ Study with Cadaver Mandibles.

Abstract Introduction This study assessed the frequency of dentinal microcracks using a cadaver mandible model in teeth instrumented with TRUShape (TS; Dentsply Sirona, York, PA), WaveOne Gold (WO, Dentsply Sirona), or K-files (KF) compared with an uninstrumented control group (CG). Methods Fifteen human mandibles with 95 single-rooted teeth were randomly distributed into the following groups: CG (no preparation, n = 11), TS (n = 28), WO (n = 28), and KF (step-back preparation with K-Flex-o-files [Dentsply Sirona], n = 28). Teeth were prepared to apical sizes of #25/.06 or #25/.07; overlying bone was removed, and then teeth were lifted out of the socket and sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex using a low-speed saw. Resulting slices were photographed at 20× and 25× magnification. Three independent and blinded evaluators assessed the images for the presence of dentinal microcracks and their extension, direction, and location. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis (P Results In the final sample of 83 teeth for the 4 groups, microcracks were found in 10 of 33, 13 of 66, 16 of 69, and 21 of 81 sections for CG, TS, WO, and KF, respectively. There were no significant differences in the frequency of microcracks among the CG, TS, WO, or KF instruments overall or when comparing section levels (3 mm [P = .9], 6 mm [P = .18], or 9 mm [P = .69], respectively, from the apex). There were also no significant differences in the extension, direction, or location of the dentinal microcracks among all groups (P > .05). Conclusions There was no difference in the frequency of microcracks among the experimental groups instrumented with TS, WO, and KF or uninstrumented controls.
Laser-Based Ultrasonics on Gr/Epoxy Composite a Systems Analysis

Critical issues are examined in the application of laser generation and detection of ultrasound to the inspection of large area air-frame composites. Among these issues are surface roughness, signal-to-noise ratio, insensitivity to the path length between the part and detector, and wide-band versus narrow-band generation. Supporting experiments are reported on broad-band and narrow-band generation in Gr/Epoxy panels and angular reflectance measurements on painted and unpainted Gr/Epoxy. On the basis of these measurements, a laser-in/laser-out systems analysis is carried out for a 10 mm diameter delamination about 1 cm deep. The analysis assumes that a Spherical Fabry-Perot interferometer is used for detection and a 10 nsec laser pulse with a peak power of 13 MW/cm2 for generation. The estimates indicate a S/N ≈ 20 dB for a detection probe laser power of about 400 mW.
Riparare i tubi: gli organi cavi

Una delle esperienze piu interessanti dal punto di vista formativo durante la scuola di specializzazione in chirurgia e la riunione in cui si discute di morbilita e mortalita, nella quale, controvoglia, devi alzarti e spiegare ai colleghi, tutti pronti — con il fucile gia spianato ancor prima che tu abbia cominciato a parlare — a evidenziare la gravita in cui sei incorso sottovalutando la lesione da arma da fuoco del duodeno. La nostra esperienza dimostra che nessuna scusa potra apparire mai particolarmente convincente quindi non affrontare per nulla al mondo le lesioni intestinali con troppa baldanza, perche spesso nascondono sgradite sorprese.
A Review of Observations and Dislocation Modeling of Some Creep-Related Tilt Perturbations from Central California

Data from several tiltmeters and several creepmeters along the San Andreas fault in central California 30 km. south of Hollister were selected to investigate tilt perturbations of minutes to hours duration. The distribution in space and time of short-period tilt events suggests that most are due to causes other than slip on the San Andreas fault, such as local strain release. However some creep-related tilt events have been observed. Dislocation models capable of reproducing the creep-related tilt events have been constructed to examine the relationship of the model parameters, including source-station geometry and displacement time history, to the details of the tilt waveforms. These models suggest that at least some creep events of short duration are associated with finite size slip zones of shallow depth.
Burden of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in paediatric oncology in developing countries: The Children's Hospital Lahore Pakistan experience.

e22021Background: The Oncology Department Of The Children’s Hospital Lahore is a 60 bedded unit providing free treatment to over 1000 new childhood cancer cases each year.The aim of this prospectiv...
Reducing Test Anxiety in School Settings: A Controlled Pilot Study Examining a Group Format Delivery of the Attention Training Technique Among Adolescent Students

Abstract Researchers have called for the examination of test anxiety interventions that extend beyond the delivery of individual services by a trained professional. Following from conceptual models and research findings underscoring the importance of metacognitive beliefs to test anxiety, a controlled pilot study examined whether a group format delivery of the attention training technique (ATT) component of metacognitive therapy reduces test anxiety among eighth-grade students. Students completed baseline study measures and were allocated based upon class period to five sessions of ATT (n = 39) or a music listening control (n = 34) delivered within a group format during a school week. Students completed postintervention study measures on the final day of the intervention and completed follow-up study measures approximately 3 weeks following the intervention. As predicted, students receiving ATT reported less postintervention test anxiety than the control when they held stronger baseline metacognitive beliefs about worry. The patterns of findings held at the follow-up and when specifically examining the cognitive (i.e., worry) dimension of test anxiety. Study results suggest that ATT may be a viable test anxiety intervention for students holding heightened metacognitive beliefs about worry. Future directions are discussed.
African American professionals in higher education: experiencing and coping with racial microaggressions

Using a Critical Race Theory lens, we explored how African American professionals in both HBCUs and PWIs (4-year and 2-year institutions) experienced and coped with racial microaggressions. The par...
Modeling of Asphaltene Deposition in a Packed Bed Column

Asphaltene deposit buildup in production pipelines and subsea flowlines greatly affects the production rate of oil and, hence, is a major concern for the upstream oil and gas industry. To better un...
Warming enhances the stimulatory effect of algal exudates on dissolved organic carbon decomposition

The current paradigm in peatland ecology is that the organic matter inputs from plant photosynthesis (e.g. moss litter) exceed that of decomposition, tipping the metabolic balance in favour of carbon (C) storage. Here, we investigated an alternative hypothesis, whereby exudates released by microalgae can actually accelerate C losses from the surface waters of northern peatlands by stimulating dissolved organic C (DOC) decomposition in a warmer environment expected with climate change. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the biodegradability of fen DOC in a factorial design with and without algal DOC in both ambient (15°C) and elevated (20°C) water temperatures during a laboratory bioassay. When DOC sources were evaluated separately, decomposition rates were higher in treatments with algal DOC only than with fen DOC only, indicating that the quality of the organic matter influenced degradability. A mixture of substrates (½ algal DOC + ½ fen DOC) exceeded the expected level of biodegradation (i.e. the average of the individual substrate responses) by as much as 10%, and the magnitude of this effect increased to more than 15% with warming. Specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA₂₅₄), a proxy for aromatic content, was also significantly higher (i.e. more humic) in the mixture treatment than expected from SUVA₂₅₄ values in single substrate treatments. Accelerated decomposition in the presence of algal DOC was coupled with an increase in bacterial biomass, demonstrating that enhanced metabolism was associated with a more abundant microbial community. These results present an alternative energy pathway for heterotrophic consumers to breakdown organic matter in northern peatlands. Since decomposition in northern peatlands is often limited by the availability of labile organic matter, this mechanism could become increasingly important as a pathway for decomposition in the surface waters of northern peatlands where algae are expected to be more abundant in conditions associated with ongoing climate change.
Fin damage and growth parameters relative to stocking density and feeding method in intensively cultured European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.).

We evaluated the relationship of stocking density to survival, growth performance and fin condition of European perch Perca fluviatilis with hand feeding and self-feeders. Hand-fed perch (body weight 19.1 ± 5.1 g and total length 107 ± 9 mm) were reared at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 fish/L. Self-feeding perch (body weight 25.4 ± 3.9 g and total length 128 ± 7 mm) were reared at stocking densities of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 fish/L. Pond-reared perch served as a comparison group for fin damage assessment. We found no differences in survival rate among stocking densities with either feeding method. Hand-fed fish displayed the highest weight gain and SGR at stocking density of 0.5 fish/L. The self-feeding fish showed a non-linear association of weight gain with stocking density with the highest growth at 1.0 fish/L. Fin length was noticeably greater in pond-reared fish compared with RAS-reared fish regardless of feeding method. In both experiments, fin length relative to standard length showed a negative relationship with stocking density, with pectoral fins showing the greatest effect. Fin condition deteriorated with increasing stocking density, and growth was highest at 0.5 and 1.0 fish/L in hand-fed and self-feeding fish, respectively.
Effects of Two Passive Back-Support Exoskeletons on Muscle Activity, Energy Expenditure, and Subjective Assessments During Repetitive Lifting:

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of two different passive back-support exoskeleton (BSE) designs during repetitive lifting in different postures.BackgroundAlthough BSEs ha...
Examining the intersectionality among teacher race/ethnicity, school context, and risk for occupational stress

Combining secondary data from the National Center for Education Statistics National Teacher Principal Survey (NTPS) and Common Core of Data (CCD), this exploratory study examined the distribution of teacher race/ethnicity across the race/ethnicity of the schools in which they work and the extent that teacher and school race/ethnicity was associated with occupational stress. Findings indicate that teachers are more likely to work in schools with higher concentrations of students who match their own race/ethnicity. Both teacher and school race/ethnicity were unique predictors of a teacher being classified as at-risk for stress. Additional analyses suggested that teachers’ reported race/ethnicity significantly moderated the school effect association with stress risk. These findings have policy implications for how school workplace surveys are used as well as staffing and professional development considerations.
How Much Is Your Strangle Worth? On the Relative Value of the Strangle under the Black-Scholes Pricing Model

Trading option strangles is a highly popular strategy often used by market participants to mitigate volatility risks in their portfolios. We propose a measure of the relative value of a delta-Symmetric Strangle and compute it under the standard Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. This new measure accounts for the price of the strangle, relative to the Present Value of the spread between the two strikes, all expressed, after a natural re-parameterization, in terms of delta and a volatility parameter. We show that under the standard BSM model, this measure of relative value is bounded by a simple function of delta only and is independent of the time to expiry, the price of the underlying security or the prevailing volatility used in the pricing model. We demonstrate how this bound can be used as a quick benchmark to assess, regardless the market volatility, the duration of the contract or the price of the underlying security, the market (relative) value of the strangle in comparison to its BSM (relative) price. In fact, the explicit and simple expression for this measure and bound allows us to also study in detail the strangle’s exit strategy and the corresponding optimal choice for a value of delta.
Illiberalism and Islam

This chapter analyzes the role of anti-Islam and anti-Muslim discourse in North American and European ‘illiberal’ parties, movements, and ideologies. Its first aim is to situate those deployments in a longer history. Occidental engagements with Islam and Muslims, including anti-Islamic tropes, long predate the emergence of liberalism, let along illiberalism. It should not be a surprise that liberalism as it emerged in the nineteenth century partook of such ideas. Contra some theorists, however, I argue that there is no strong evidence that anti-Islam was constitutive of liberal theory or early practice. Rather, it was in the second half of the twentieth century, as mass migration from Africa and Asia to Europe and North America came to be viewed through a fraught geopolitical lens, that various conflicts emerged over ‘assimilation’ and ‘integration.’ These precipitated today’s perceived (if not actual) juxtapositions between Islam and liberalism. It is out of these disjunctions that the current anti-Islamic discourse of illiberal political formations emerges. Such illiberal deployment of Islam hence reflect an extension and modification of liberal political discourse. Ironically, at the extreme, they are transformed into justifications of mass murder and violent ethnic cleansing. The history of anti-Islamic conceptions in illiberalism hence illuminates the unintended and paradoxical trajectory of political ideas.
Modeling of emittance growth due to Coulomb collisions in plasma-based accelerators

Coulomb collisions with background plasma are one source of emittance degradation in plasma accelerators. This paper shows that the emittance growth due to Coulomb collisions can be correctly captured in particle-in-cell simulations, with a proper Monte Carlo binary collision module. The theory of the emittance growth due to Coulomb collisions is extended from a monoenergetic matched beam to a mismatched beam with energy spread and is compared with simulation results.
Contiguous Low Oxygen Waters between the Continental Shelf Hypoxia Zone and Nearshore Coastal Waters of Louisiana, USA: Interpreting 30 Years of Profiling Data and Three-Dimensional Ecosystem Modeling.

The multidecadal expansion of northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf hypoxia is a striking example of the adverse effects of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment on coastal oceans. Increased nutrient inputs and widespread shelf hypoxia have resulted in numerous dissolved oxygen (DO) water quality problems in nearshore coastal waters of Louisiana. A large hydrographic dataset compiled from research programs spanning 30 years and the three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model CGEM (Coastal Generalized Ecosystem Model) were integrated to explore the interconnections of low DO waters across the continental shelf to nearshore coastal waters of Louisiana. Cross-shelf vertical profiles showed contiguous low DO bottom waters extending from the shelf to coastal waters nearly every year in the 30+ year time series, which were concurrent with strong cross-shelf pycnoclines. A threshold Brunt-Vaisala frequency of 40 cycles h-1 was critical to maintaining the cross-shelf subpycnocline layers and facilitating the formation of a contiguous low DO water mass. Field observations and model simulations identified periods of wind-driven bottom water upwelling lasting between several days to several weeks, resulting in both physical advection of oxygen-depleted offshore waters to the nearshore and enhanced nearshore stratification. Both the upwelling of low DO bottom waters and in situ respiration were of sufficient temporal and spatial extent to drive DO below Louisiana's DO water quality criteria. Basin-wide nutrient management strategies aimed at reducing nutrient inputs and shelf hypoxia remain essential to improving the nearshore coastal water quality across the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Stabilizing metal battery anodes through the design of solid electrolyte interphases

Summary The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a chemically distinct material phase formed by a combination of electrochemical reduction and chemical reactions at both the explicit and implicit interfaces in all electrochemical cells. The structure, chemistry, and thermodynamics of the materials that accumulate in such interfacial material phases have emerged over the last decade to play crucial roles in achieving high levels of anode reversibility in secondary batteries, especially in systems where electrochemically active metals are used as anodes for high-energy-density and cost-effective storage. Here, we review the history, chemistry, formation characteristics, and approaches taken to achieve rational design of the SEI at metal anodes. Strategies that explicitly take advantage of the redox chemistry of electrolyte components to build designed, favourable SEI inside electrochemical cells, as well as those that benefit from ex situ chemistries performed outside the cell to create artificial SEI that enhance anode reversibility are highlighted. Taking advances based on these methods as a point of departure, the review also considers interphase design rules that facilitate chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical stability and fast ion transport through the SEI. Finally, we discuss differences and similarities of SEI formed on monovalent (Li, Na, and K), divalent (Mg, Ca, and Zn), and trivalent (Al) metals of contemporary interest for developing cost-effective but high-performance anodes and on that basis, underscore the urgent need for intrusive experimental tools for analyzing the SEI on metals at atomic levels.
Theoretical and experimental study of breakdown delay time in pulse discharge

PIC MCC simulation results on the breakdown in the pulse discharge in helium at pressure of 100 Torr and voltage of U=3.25 kV are presented. The delay of the breakdown development is studied with different initial densities of plasma and excited helium atoms, which corresponds to various discharge operation frequencies. It is shown that for high concentration of excited atoms the photoemission determines the breakdown delay time. In opposite case of low excited atoms density, the ion-electron emission plays a key role in the breakdown development. The photoemission from the cathode is set with a flux of the photons with Doppler shift over the frequency. These photons are generated in reactions between exited atoms and fast atoms. A wide distribution of breakdown delay time was observed in different runs and analyzed.
Strategy guidance and memory aiding learning a problem-solving skill

Guidance can help learners overcome the difficulties of getting started in a novel domain, but it is often ineffective in promoting learning and transfer. This article examines two aspects of guidance--communicating solution strategies for a problem domain and providing working memory support--in learning a novel problem-solving skill. Subjects in two experiments learned to troubleshoot simulated information networks. The learning environment varied in type of guidance provided--none, variable template, fixed template, and procedural instruction--and in availability of memory aiding. Variable-template guidance was effective when memory aiding was provided, and procedural instructions produced effective learning with or without memory aiding. However, fixed-template guidance was not effective, and there was no consistent effect of memory aiding in unguided, discovery learning conditions. The results have theoretical implications for the locus of guided-learning effects and suggest practical guidelines for the design of guided-learning environments.
Dynamic programming, invariant imbedding and quasilinearization: comparisons and interconnections

Abstract : A nonlinear two-point boundary value problem arising from a variational context is considered from several points of view. First a direct computational solution via quasilinearization is discussed. This method is quadratically convergent. Then the boundary value problem is converted into an initial value problem using dynamic programming and invariant imbedding. Some aspects of combining the methods in a single calculation are discussed. This gives rise to attractive predictor-corrector integration schemes. In addition, an alternative to the usual Hamilton-Jacobi integration theory for the integration of the Euler equation is given. (Author)
Baryon Resonances in the Nuclear Ground State: How About Double Counting?

It is very easy to state that the nucleus is made up of all kinds of particles, the most prominent of which are protons and neutrons, with π -mesons and other Bosons floating around and with occasional heavier particles, viz., baryon resonances and hyperons also making an appearance. It is more difficult to give a precise meaning to this statement. The reason for this is obvious: one would need a workable theory. Namely, one would like to talk exclusively in terms of dressed particles. Since the dressed particles have structure, this structure must be described either in terms of bare particles (field theory) or in terms of dressed particles (boot strapping). As is well known, neither of these approaches has as yet been successful.
Gender differences in muscle sympathetic nerve activity: effect of body fat distribution

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) has been correlated with percent body fat (%BF) in males. Because MSNA is typically lower and %BF higher in females, we tested whether this relationship cou...