cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Costs and benefits of peak-load pricing of electricity: A continuous-time econometric approach☆

Abstract We address the following question of current policy interest: Would the efficiency gains from residential time-of-use pricing for electricity exceed the metering costs necessitated by these more complex rates? A model of consumer preferences for daily electricity consumption is estimated based on data from the North Carolina Rate Experiment. The model is formulated in continuous time and thus is capable of evaluating demand responses and welfare consequences of quite arbitrary changes in pricing policy. A model of long-run electricity costs - viewed as a functional of the daily load cycle - is constructed based on engineering data. The models of demand and cost are combined to compute solutions to several optimal pricing problems and to estimate the potential long-run welfare gain from several alternative time-of-use pricing policies including policies incorporating so-called ‘demand charges’. We find that the best of the rate treatments used in the North Carolina experiment achieves a net welfare gain of 5¢ per day per household, or roughly half the cost of current metering equipment. Smoothly varying rates are capable of achieving nearly 18¢ per day per household, but would require more complex metering. Demand charges while they are quite successful in smoothing the demand cycle are not as successful as conventional pricing policies in achieving our welfare objective.
Relationships between the stable isotopic signatures of living and fossil foraminifera in Monterey Bay, California

[1] Fossil foraminifera are critical to paleoceanographic reconstructions including estimates of past episodes of methane venting. These reconstructions rely on benthic foraminifera incorporating and retaining unaltered the ambient isotopic compositions of pore fluids and bottom waters. Comparisons are made here of isotopic compositions of abundant live and fossil foraminifera (Uvigerina peregrina, Epistominella pacifica, Bulimina mexicana, and Globobulimina pacifica) collected in Monterey Bay, CA from two cold seeps (Clam Flats and Extrovert Cliffs) and from sediments � 5 m outside of the Clam Flats seep. Clam Flats has steep d 13 CDIC gradients (to <� 45%), but DIC at Extrovert Cliffs is less enriched in 12 C (to approximately � 22%). Oxygen isotope values of fossil foraminifera at Clam Flats are � 1.5% enriched in 18 O over the living foraminifera, as well as those of both live and fossil foraminifera at Extrovert Cliffs, suggesting they may have lived during the last glacial maximum. Statistical comparisons (Student’s t and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests) of d 13 C and d 18 O values indicate that live and fossil foraminifera come from different populations at both Clam Flats and Extrovert Cliffs. At Clam Flats, the difference appears to result from alteration enriching some fossil foraminifera in 12 C over live foraminifera. At Extrovert Cliffs, the fossil foraminifera are enriched in 13 C over the live foraminifera, suggesting they lived prior to the onset of venting and thus that venting began recently. The short time of venting at Extrovert Cliffs may be responsible for the less alteration there compared with Clam Flats. These results indicate that preservation of foraminifera is likely to be poor within long-lived cold seeps, but that foraminifera living in the surrounding sediment may incorporate and preserve broad basin-wide changes in isotopic compositions of the ambient water.
Effect of insulin resistance on postprandial elevations of remnant lipoprotein concentrations in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND Questions remain as to why postmenopausal women are at a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) than are premenopausal women. Studies have shown that plasma concentrations of remnant lipoproteins (RLPs) are elevated in patients with CAD and that increases in plasma RLP concentrations may be related to variations in insulin-mediated glucose disposal. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the possibility that postprandial accumulation of plasma RLPs will be accentuated in insulin-resistant, postmenopausal women. DESIGN Postmenopausal women were divided into insulin-sensitive (n = 15) and insulin-resistant (n = 15) groups according to their steady state plasma glucose concentrations in response to a 180-min infusion of octreotide, insulin, and glucose. Plasma insulin, triacylglycerol, and RLP-cholesterol concentrations were measured either hourly (insulin) or every 2 h (triacylglycerol and RLP cholesterol) for 8 h, before and after breakfast (0800) and lunch (1200). RESULTS By selection, insulin-resistant women had higher steady state plasma glucose concentrations than did insulin-sensitive women (10.8 +/- 0.5 compared with 4.1 +/- 5 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001), associated with higher fasting triacylglycerol (1.58 +/- 0.04 compared with 1.00 +/- 0.03 mmol/L; P = 0.01) and lower HDL-cholesterol (1.06 +/- 0.08 compared with 1.34 +/- 0.05; P = 0.01) concentrations. In addition, measurements of daylong concentrations of insulin, triacylglycerol, and RLP cholesterol were also significantly greater in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive women (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Postprandial accumulation of RLPs is accentuated in insulin-resistant, postmenopausal women. This may contribute to the increased risk of CAD in these individuals.
Reflections on Building an Ignatian Pedagogy Faculty Learning Community and Creating Possibilities for AJCU Collaborations

During 2013-2014, the University of San Francisco’s Center for Teaching Excellence launched its first effort to support faculty learning communities (FLC), a professional development opportunity that brings together faculty engaging in an active, collaborative, yearlong program with a curriculum dedicated to enhancing teaching and learning. The Learning Communities Journal ( http://celt.miamioh.edu/lcj/ ) presents the scholarship of teaching and learning devoted to these communities of practice and its editors trained inaugural facilitators at a two day conference. FLCs offer a relationship based (hence implicitly Ignatian) approach to solving problems and incubating ideas, including ideas on how to use Ignatian pedagogy to greater effect across academic programs at AJCU schools. Below I offer a brief history of our Ignatian Pedagogy FLC, divided into 3 stages: formation, participation, and presentation. I conclude with some recommendations that emerged out of our reflections that are relevant to all AJCU schools, including the development of a digital collection that we will present in a subsequent issue of Jesuit Higher Education : A Journal.
Conceptualizing withdrawal-induced escalation of alcohol self-administration as a learned, plasticity-dependent process

This article represents one of five contributions focusing on the topic “Plasticity and neuroadaptive responses within the extended amygdala in response to chronic or excessive alcohol exposure” that were developed by awardees participating in the Young Investigator Award Symposium at the “Alcoholism and Stress: A Framework for Future Treatment Strategies” conference in Volterra, Italy on May 3–6, 2011 that was organized/chaired by Drs. Antonio Noronha and Fulton Crews and sponsored by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This review discusses the dependence-induced neuroadaptations in affective systems that provide a basis for negative reinforcement learning and presents evidence demonstrating that escalated alcohol consumption during withdrawal is a learned, plasticity-dependent process. The review concludes by identifying changes within extended amygdala dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor systems that could serve as the foundation for the occurrence of negative reinforcement processes. While some evidence contained herein may be specific to alcohol dependence-related learning and plasticity, much of the information will be of relevance to any addictive disorder involving negative reinforcement mechanisms. Collectively, the information presented within this review provides a framework to assess the negative reinforcing effects of alcohol in a manner that distinguishes neuroadaptations produced by chronic alcohol exposure from the actual plasticity that is associated with negative reinforcement learning in dependent organisms.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF TYPHUS FEVER : I. CONCURRENT INFECTIONS DURING THE COURSE OF EXPERIMENTAL TYPHUS FEVER IN GUINEA PIGS.

The work reported in this paper relates to the bacteria which can be cultivated from the blood and spleen of guinea pigs at different stages of infection with the virus of typhus fever. The studies show that during the period of incubation and before the onset of fever no ordinary bacteria appear in the cultures, while on the 1st day of the febrile reaction different bacteria were found in 6 of 26 guinea pigs cultured; on the 2nd day, in 10 of 16; on the 3rd day, in 3 of 4; and on the 4th day in cultures of all of the 4 guinea pigs observed. The findings indicate that the virus of typhus fever is distinct from ordinary cultivable bacteria, and, as the disease set up by the virus progresses, the infected guinea pigs become subject to invasion by secondary or concurrent bacteria which thus induce a mixed infection. The bacteria which under the influence of the virus of typhus fever thus invade the body of the guinea pig are of several kinds, and vary not only among themselves, but also with the day of the fever on which the examination is made. Thus, on the 1st day of the fever Plotz' bacilli were recovered twice and anaerobic streptococci, proteus bacilli, aerobic diphtheroids, Gartner type bacilli, and Staphylococcus aureus each once. On the 2nd day Plotz' bacilli were found four times, anaerobic streptococci three times, Gartner type bacilli, aerobic diphtheroids, Bacillus welchii, aerobic Gram-positive diplobacilli, and Staphylococcus aureus each once. On the 3rd day Plotz' bacilli were recovered once, as were anaerobic streptococci and Grtner type bacilli. On the 4th day Staphylococcus aureus was found twice and Plotz' bacilli and Bacillus proteus each once. This variation in the kind of bacteria as well as the lack of predominance of one kind over another during the different stages of the febrile reaction in guinea pigs leads us to infer that they occur concurrently with the typhus virus. And since the more unusual of these organisms, the Plotz bacillus, the anaerobic streptococcus, the aerobic diphtheroid, and the diplobacillus are non-pathogenic for guinea pigs, while the more common bacteria such as the Gartner type bacillus, Welch's bacillus, the proteus bacillus, and the staphylococci induce distinctive effects, and since all the bacteria could be suppressed without their reappearance in guinea pig passages of the virus containing them, we believe that they are independent and unrelated to the true virus of typhus fever.
A heuristic strategy for developing human facial images on a CRT

Abstract Sketching a recognizable human face involves artistic talents and an intuitive knowledge of which aspects of the face are important in recognition. A man-machine system, called WHATSISFACE, has been developed with which man-machine system, called WHATSISFACE, has been developed with which a nonartist can create, on a graphic display, any male Caucasian facial image resembling the face of a photograph in front of him. The computer system contains pre-stored facial features, an average face used as a starting point and a heuristic strategy which guides the user through a carefully constructed sequence of questions, choices and feature manipulations. The user makes all the visual decisions and can change the individual features or hierarchically organized sets of features using analog input devices.
Photophysics and nonlinear optical behavior of a,w dithienyl polyenes

The absorption and emission spectroscopy and nonlinear optical absorption of a series of a,o-dithienyl polyenes were studied in chloroform and n-octane solutions. Dithienyl polyenes containing butyl substituents were also studied. Steady state fluorescence, time resolved emission, fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield measurements were made. The fluorescence quantum yields were significantly lower than those of the corresponding a,w-diphenyl polyenes. Among the dithienyl polyenes, 3,3'-substituted polyenes exhibited stronger fluorescence than those of the 2,2'-substituted. Nonlinear optical absorption experiments showed evidence of two photon absorption. In some polyenes, two photon absorption was followed by excited state absorption.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
MapQuant: Open-source software for large-scale protein quantification

Whole-cell protein quantification using MS has proven to be a challenging task. Detection efficiency varies significantly from peptide to peptide, molecular identities are not evident a priori, and peptides are dispersed unevenly throughout the multidimensional data space. To overcome these challenges we developed an open-source software package, MapQuant, to quantify comprehensively organic species detected in large MS datasets. MapQuant treats an LC/MS experiment as an image and utilizes standard image processing techniques to perform noise filtering, watershed segmentation, peak finding, peak fitting, peak clustering, charge-state determination and carbon-content estimation. MapQuant reports abundance values that respond linearly with the amount of sample analyzed on both low- and high-resolution instruments (over a 1000-fold dynamic range). Background noise added to a sample, either as a medium-complexity peptide mixture or as a high-complexity trypsinized proteome, exerts negligible effects on the abundance values reported by MapQuant and with coefficients of variance comparable to other methods. Finally, MapQuant's ability to define accurate mass and retention time features of isotopic clusters on a high-resolution mass spectrometer can increase protein sequence coverage by assigning sequence identities to observed isotopic clusters without corresponding MS/MS data.
Unilateral peripapillary myelinated retinal nerve fibers associated with strabismus, amblyopia, and myopia

Purpose To describe the association of unilateral peripapillary myelinated retinal nerve fibers with myopia, strabismus, and amblyopia and to propose a possible pathologic mechanism. Methods Four patients who have the findings associated with unilateral peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers are described and reviewed. Result All patients had poor visual outcomes despite treatment with full cycloplegic refraction and appropriate patching. Conclusions Although the origin of this association is unknown, we believe that peripapillary myelinated nerve fibers in a unilateral myopic eye may be secondary to an imbalance between the process of myelination and the formation of the lamina cribrosa. Good results have been reported with amblyopic therapy; however, it is our experience that these patients are somewhat refractory to amblyopia therapy.
Hospital-Based Support Groups for Parents of Seriously Unwell Children: An Example from Pediatric Oncology in Australia

ABSTRACT While benefits and limitations of support groups have been well described, there are few reports of open-ended hospital-based programs for adults in paediatric settings. This paper discusses challenges for such groups, highlighting experiences from a psycho-education peer-support program for parents of children diagnosed with serious oncology and haematology conditions. Program feedback was collected from participants, facilitators, and nurses via written evaluations and post-group reflections. Despite lower than anticipated parental attendance, findings indicated that open-ended hospital-based groups have specific relevance for families dealing with diagnosis and treatment of childhood cancer, providing a safe forum for support, information provision and knowledge-sharing.
Animal tool use: current definitions and an updated comprehensive catalog

Despite numerous attempts to define animal tool use over the past four decades, the definition remains elusive and the behaviour classification somewhat subjective. Here, we provide a brief review of the definitions of animal tool use and show how those definitions have been modified over time. While some aspects have remained constant (i.e., the distinction between 'true' and 'borderline' tool use), others have been added (i.e., the distinction between 'dynamic' and 'static' behaviours). We present an updated, comprehensive catalog of documented animal tool use that indicates whether the behaviours observed included any 'true' tool use, whether the observations were limited to captive animals, whether tool manufacture has been observed, and whether the observed tool use was limited to only one individual and, thus, 'anecdotal' (i.e., N = 1). Such a catalog has not been attempted since Beck (1980). In addition to being a useful reference for behaviourists, this catalog demonstrates broad tool use and manufacture trends that may be of interest to phylogenists, evolutionary ecologists, and cognitive evolutionists. Tool use and tool manufacture are shown to be widespread across three phyla and seven classes of the animal kingdom. Moreover, there is complete overlap between the Aves and Mammalia orders in terms of the tool use categories (e.g., food extraction, food capture, agonism) arguing against any special abilities of mammals. The majority of tool users, almost 85% of the entries, use tools in only one of the tool use categories. Only members of the Passeriformes and Primates orders have been observed to use tools in four or more of the ten categories. Thus, observed tool use by some members of these two orders (e.g., Corvus , Papio ) is qualitatively different from that of all other animal taxa. Finally, although there are similarities between Aves and Mammalia, and Primates and Passeriformes, primate tool use is qualitatively different. Approximately 35% of the entries for this order demonstrate a breadth of tool use (i.e., three or more categories by any one species) compared to other mammals (0%), Aves (2.4%), and the Passeriformes (3.1%). This greater breadth in tool use by some organisms may involve phylogenetic or cognitive differences — or may simply reflect differences in length and intensity of observations. The impact that tool usage may have had on groups' respective ecological niches and, through niche-construction, on their respective evolutionary trajectories remains a subject for future study.
Roles of site and timing of the morning insulin injection in type 1 diabetes

To investigate the effect of site and timing of insulin injection on post-brekfast plasma glucoseconcentration, 23 children with type 1 diabetes were given their usual mixture of short- and intermediate-acting insulin five minutes prior to breakfast on one day and between 15 and 60 minutes before breakfast on the alternate day, depending on their 7:00 am fasting blood glucose concentration. Thirteen children received insulin in an extremity, and 10 in the abdominal wall. Plasma insulin and glucose patterns were similar for the two injection sites. The mean post-breakfast peak glucose increment was significantly lower and the mean increment in free insulin values during the first hour after breakfast was higher on the day when insulin preceded breakfast by 30 to 60 minutes. Thus, significant reductions in post-breakfast hyperglycemia can be achieved by increasing the interval between the injection and breakfast in proportion to the fasting capillary glucose concentration. The timing of the morning insulin injection may be more important than the injection site.
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II and folate deficiencies result in reciprocal protection against cognitive and social deficits in mice: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders

Interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors underlie a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ) and autism (AD). Due to the complexity and multitude of the genetic and environmental factors attributed to these disorders, recent research strategies focus on elucidating the common molecular pathways through which these multiple risk factors may function. In this study, we examine the combined effects of a haplo-insufficiency of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) and dietary folic acid deficiency. In addition to serving as a neuropeptidase, GCPII catalyzes the absorption of folate. GCPII and folate depletion interact within the one-carbon metabolic pathway and/or of modulate the glutamatergic system. Four groups of mice were tested: wild-type, GCPII hypomorphs, and wild-types and GCPII hypomorphs both fed a folate deficient diet. Due to sex differences in the prevalence of SZ and AD, both male and female mice were assessed on a number of behavioral tasks including locomotor activity, rotorod, social interaction, prepulse inhibition, and spatial memory. Wild-type mice of both sexes fed a folic acid deficient diet showed motor coordination impairments and cognitive deficits, while social interactions were decreased only in males. GCPII mutant mice of both sexes also exhibited reduced social propensities. In contrast, all folate-depleted GCPII hypomorphs performed similarly to untreated wild-type mice, suggesting that reduced GCPII expression and folate deficiency are mutually protective. Analyses of folate and neurometabolite levels associated with glutamatergic function suggest several potential mechanisms through which GCPII and folate may be interacting to create this protective effect.
Distance Learning: Videoconferences as Vehicles for Faculty Development in Gerontology/Geriatrics.

Satellite teleconferencing offers unique opportunities to bring together geographically dispersed groups for educational purposes. For Geriatric Education Centers with a federal mandate to train large numbers of faculty and practicing health professionals in geriatrics, teleconferencing has been a particularly appropriate vehicle for delivery of educational programming. For a 7‐year period, 1985‐1992, the Virginia Geriatric Education Center (VGEC) developed and broadcast via satellite a series of 22 live, interactive videoconferences that became internationally known. More than 22,000 health professionals of multiple disciplines participated in these programs at 850 downlink sites across the United States, Canada, and Bermuda. The primary objective was to bring state‐of‐the‐art educational programs in gerontology and geriatrics to health educators who were least likely to be able to travel to professional conferences. A brief history of the VGEC videoconferences is provided. Program development and evalua...
Recycling of intact dense core vesicles in neurites of NGF‐treated PC12 cells

Exocytic fusion in neuroendocrine cells does not always result in complete release of the peptide contents from dense core vesicles (DCVs). In this study, we use fluorescence imaging and immunoelectron microscopy to examine the retention, endocytosis and recycling of chromogranin B in DCVs of NGF-treated PC12 cells. Our results indicate that DCVs retained and retrieved an intact core that was available for subsequent exocytic release. The endocytic process was inhibited by cyclosporine A or by substitution of extracellular Ca2+ with Ba2+ and the total recycling time was less than 5 min.
Forward and reverse link constraints in UHF RFID with passive tags

This paper examines the relative roles of the forward and reverse links in determining the operational range of passive UHF RFID systems. Simple free space examples in free space show when the forward or reverse link may be the main range constraint in practical systems, depending on reader and tag characteristics. Measurements of transmission and scattering off of a dipole in a real environment demonstrate showed different multipath effects; transmission power fading squared disagreed with backscattered fading in the test environment by up to 8 dB within a measurement range of 2 m.
The effect of acute exercise on amino acid incorporation into mitochondria of rabbit tissues

Abstract Rabbits were subjected to periods of acute swimming exercise. Mitochondria isolated from the heart and brain of these animals showed an increased in vitro incorporation of [14C]leucine into the mitochondrial protein. However liver mitocondria showed no change. The increased leucine incorporation in heart mitochondria was critically dependent on the concentration of ATP and the buffer employed in the assay system; maximal incorporation occurred at 1.5 mM ATP in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system and Bicine (N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine) buffer. When ATP concentration was increased further, the mitochondria from the swimming group showed no greater incorporation than the controls. Tris and other buffers depressed leucine incorporation. Addition of proline was required for maximal incorporation, and NH4+ produced a striking but transitory stimulation of leucine incorporation. After the swimming period, the heart mitochondria separated into two peaks after equilibrium centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient: such an effect could also be produced by aging of normal heart mitochondria.
Changes in mid-depth North Atlantic and Mediterranean circulation during the Late Pliocene — Isotopic and sedimentological evidence

Abstract Presently, the intermediate depths of the North Atlantic Ocean are occupied by a great lens of warm, saline water whose source is the Mediterranean Sea. This water flows both westward and northward, finally entering the Norwegian Sea where it may contribute to the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water. The Late Neogene history of Mediterranean Outflow in the Atlantic can be monitored at DSDP-IPOD Site 548 on the continental slope Southwest of Ireland using benthic Foraminifera oxygen isotope values. Isotopic data from 154 samples indicate that Mediterranean water was absent from the mid-depth North Atlantic from 3.4 to 3.2 Ma ago. However, at about 2.9 Ma ago the isotopic values at Site 548 diverge from those recorded from the deep North Atlantic and they can be interpreted to indicate the appearance of a new water mass, possibly Mediterranean water, in the North Atlantic water column. This appearance may be related to climatic changes that occurred around the Mediterranean Basin at about 2.9 Ma ago. The analysis of 189 samples for grain-size distributions shows that a significant increase in the silt-size fraction occurs at the same level that isotopic analysis indicates a change in bottom waters at Site 548. The grainsize data support the hypothesis that mid-depth water-mass changes occurred at about 2.9 Ma ago.
Nuclear structure aspects of neutrinoless double-β decay.

We decompose the neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay matrix elements into sums of products over the intermediate nucleus with two less nucleons. We find that the sum is dominated by the ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={0}^{+}$ ground state of this intermediate nucleus for both the light and heavy neutrino decay processes. This provides a new theoretical tool for comparing and improving nuclear structure models. It also provides the connection to two-nucleon transfer experiments.
Computer-graphic representation of mandibular movements in three dimensions. Part II: The sagittal and frontal planes

Mandibular movements can be represented and viewed graphically in three planes--occlusal (approximately horizontal but variable), sagittoid (approximately sagittal), and frontal. The student of occlusion can vary the settings of the mathematical articulator and observe the three-dimensional changes produced in the interocclusal movement patterns.
The isolation and properties of deoxyribonucleoprotein particles containing single nucleic acid molecules

Summary A gel-free solution of deoxyribonucleoprotein was prepared in high yield from calf thymus by maintaining the concentration and ionic strength at very low values and by careful homogenization. The resulting material was examined by a number of different macromolecular methods and found to consist of completely dispersed deoxyribonucleoprotein particles of high asymmetry and containing nearly equal amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid and protein. The molecular weight determined by light scattering was 18·5 million. Upon dissociation the deoxyribonucleic acid obtained had a molecular weight of 8 million suggesting that the deoxyribonucleoprotein particles consisted essentially of one deoxyribonucleic acid molecule and a nearly equal amount of protein. Hydrodynamic investigations and direct electron microscopic examination indicate that the protein is rather evenly distributed along deoxyribonucleic acid chains. Optical rotatory dispersion and infrared spectral studies, while ambiguous, do suggest that a major part of the protein is in the a-helical configuration. It is shown that a large fraction of the histone can be accommodated in sections having the α-helical configuration in the large groove of the double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid helix and that such a model is consistent with the observations made thus far.
Clinical and chemical properties of a novel mucosal bioadhesive agent

Through clinical observations and known chemical properties, this series of studies delineates properties of a new bioadhesive agent available commercially (Zilactin). Using a previously published protocol, we determined that the duration of the film formed on mucosa was not altered after exposure to extremes in temperatures encountered in drinking hot and cold liquids. In addition, through dissection of the agent into several component parts, we were able to determine a specific role for each of the acidic ingredients. It is clear that the solubility of hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel®) is altered by esterification of the polymer by tannic and salicylic acids and that boric acid effectively crosslinks these to form Zilactin's characteristic clinical film. Other fine points of the chemical reactions are detailed. These studies are intended to serve as a foundation for the future manipulation and application of this agent in oral mucosal diseases.
Finding your first instructional systems position in business and industry

before returning to academia. Both the faculty and the students have become aware that there has been a major shift in job opportunities during that period. Our graduates formerly went to academic positions, now they go predominantly to business and industry. We have modified the instructional systems curriculum at Florida State University to take advantage of these changes in the marketplace (Boutwell, 1977; Redfield & Dick, 1984; Reiser, Driscoll, & Briggs, 1984). In this paper, I will set forth what I believe to be important personal and professional considerations for instructional systems graduates as they define, seek, and follow a career in business and industry.
In-vehicle speaker recognition using independent vector analysis

As part of human-centered driver assist framework for holistic multimodal sensing, we present an evaluation of independent vector analysis for speaker recognition task inside an automotive vehicle. Independent component analysis-based blind source separation algorithms have attracted attentions in recent years in the application of speech separation and enhancement. Compared to the traditional beamforming technique, the blind source separation method may typically require less number of microphones and perform better under reverberant environment. We recorded two speakers in the driver and front-passenger seats talking simultaneously inside a car and used independent vector analysis to separate the two speech signals. In the speaker recognition task, we show that by training the model with the speech signals from the IVA process, our system is able to achieve 95 % accuracy from a 1-second speech segment.
Urinary free proline and collagen metabolites in newborns, healthy children, and in collagen diseases

Abstract The urinary output of free and peptide-bound imino acids was studied in 41 newborns and 48 children aged 3–14 years; 20 of these latter suffered from various collagen diseases. Quantitative data about free urinary proline are given. The relationship between free and total urinary proline as well as hydroxyproline and plasma proline was studied. The urinary output of total and free imino acids was increased from the 1st through the 15th day of life. There was a significant decrease in the urinary output of both free and total imino acids in children with collagen disease, though plasma proline levels were normal.
On-line analysis by capillary separations interfaced to an ion trap storage/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer

The interface of high-resolution capillary separation methods to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) has generated considerable interest since TOF can provide the rapid and sensitive detection required by high resolution separations. In recent years, our laboratory has developed a variety of high-resolution capillary separation methods interfaced to TOF-MS via an ion trap storage/reflectron time-of-flight (IT/reTOF) instrument. Using this hybrid configuration, detection of fast separations at very low detection levels has been successfully performed for on-line separations of peptides and protein digests using electrospray ionization. In this report, we review the current status in our laboratory of interfacing high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and capillary electrochromatography to an IT/reTOF-MS instrument and various applications that have been developed involving this technology.
Valuing the Potential Transformation of Banks into Financial Service Conglomerates: Evidence from the Citigroup Merger

The merger between Citicorp and Travelers Group on April 6, 1998 could have emitted two relevant signals for firms that provide financial services. The first signal is the endorsement by two prominent financial institutions that benefits from cross-selling of bank services with insurance services, brokerage services, and other financial services can be realized. The second signal is that regulators will allow the combination of commercial banking with insurance underwriting and full-service brokerage, paving a path for similar combinations in the future. We document a favorable share price response for commercial banks, insurance companies, and brokerage firms, which supports the argument that the merger sets a precedent for other combinations between banks and nonbank financial services that will facilitate cross-selling and efficiencies.
A Note on Galois Cohomology of Algebraic Integers

We consider an admissible system ({\\mathfrak g},(G,M)) where {\\mathfrak g} is the group of a Galois extension k⁄Q of number fields, G the ring {\\mathcal O}k of integers of k and M=({\\mathcal O}k)2. The cohomology group H1({\\mathfrak g},{\\mathcal O}k) is nicely described by a naive submodule Ξk of {\\mathcal O}k and the Poincare index iγ({\\mathfrak g},M), γ∈H1({\\mathfrak g},{\\mathcal O}k), for the system ({\\mathfrak g},(G,M)), can be expressed in terms of Ξk.
Criteria for Permutability to Be Transitive in Finite Groups

Abstract A group G is a PT - group if, for subgroups H and K with H permutable in K and K permutable in G , it is always the case that H is permutable in G . It is shown that a finite group is a soluble PT -group if and only if each subgroup of a Sylow subgroup is permutable in the Sylow normalizer.
Data mining and machine learning-Towards reducing false positives in intrusion detection

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are used to monitor computer systems for signs of security violations. Having detected such signs, IDSs trigger alerts to report them. These alerts are presented to a human analyst, who evaluates them and initiates an adequate response. In practice, IDSs have been observed to trigger thousands of alerts per day, most of which are mistakenly triggered by benign events (i.e., false positives). This makes it extremely difficult for the analyst to correctly identify alerts related to attacks (i.e., true positives). In this paper, we present two orthogonal and complementary approaches to reduce the number of false positives in intrusion detection using alert postprocessing by data mining and machine learning. Moreover, these two techniques, because of their complementary nature, can be used together in an alert-management system. These concepts have been verified on a variety of data sets, and achieved a significant reduction in the number of false positives in both simulated and real environments.
GEOMETRICAL AND DYNAMICAL MULTIPLICITY FLUCTUATIONS IN HIGH-ENERGY NUCLEAR COLLISIONS

General properties of multiplicity fluctuation in high-energy nuclear collisions are considered. Quantities that can directly be related to the geometrical and dynamical sources of the fluctuation are identified. Formalism for treating impact-parameter selection is discussed. The connection with correlation is described. Recent data indicate the absence of any significant collective behavior in the current experiments at the SPS. The observable that can reveal the onset of such behavior is suggested.
Immunoreceptor complexes of the innate immune system

The gnotobiotic miniature swine model has been used for immunological research, such as the ontogeny of the adaptive and innate immune system. The functions of natural killer (NK) cells and myeloid cells are regulated by their immunoreceptor complexes. Our recent studies present molecular cloning and characterization of porcine immunoreceptor complexes MDL-1/DAP12 and NKG2D/DAP10. These receptors are involved in cell activation of the innate immune system. Porcine DAP12 and DAP10 genes were cloned from PBL cDNA library. DAP12 contains an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Activation Motif (ITAM) and DAP10 contains a P1-3 kinase binding site. Porcine DAP12 and DAP10 genes are located on chromosome 6q21. They are genetically linked in opposite transcriptional orientation. DAP12 and DAP10 are predominantly expressed in lymphohematopoietic cells. Myeloid DAP12-associated lectin-l (MDL-1) is a type II membrane protein that is associated with DAP12. Two isoforms of porcine MDL-1 eDNA were cloned from pulmonary alveolar macrophages. The long form had 185 amino acids and 71% sequence identity with human MDL-1. MDL-1 transcripts were detected mainly in macrophages and monocytes. MDL-1 is expressed on the cell surface associated with DAP12. NKG2D is a C-type lectin family receptor that associates with DAP10. Porcine NKG2D eDNA has an open reading frame of 642 bp. Its expected polypeptide sequence is 214 amino acids. Porcine NKG2D has 66% sequence identity with human NKG2D. Porcine NKG2D requires DAP10 for cell surface expression. Porcine CD69 was cloned. CD69 mRNA was detected in activated PBL, NK cells, macrophages and granulocytes, but not in resting cells. NKG2D and CD69 genes are located on chromosomes 5q25, indicating that chromosome 5q25 contains pig NK receptor gene complex. Further studies on porcine immunoreceptor complexes of the innate immune system may prove useful for the development of xenotransplantation and xenoimmunotherapy.
Soluble Metal Leaching from a Poultry Litter–Amended Udult under Pasture Vegetation

More than 1 billion broiler chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) are produced annually in Arkansas, with nearly 900 Gg of waste (i.e., litter) generated. Poultry litter is typically land applied as a means of disposal to nearby pastures as an organic fertilizer. Aside from essential plant nutrients, poultry litter also contains heavy metals, yet little is known about the potential of these metals to leach from soils with a history of litter application. The objective of this study was to continuously monitor the seasonal and annual effect of poultry litter application rate on soil leachate concentrations and leaching losses of metals (As, Cd, Se, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) pasture using automated equilibrium-tension lysimeters over a 2-yr period. Average annual drainage was 447, 235, and 592 mm in Year 1 (May 2003 through April 2004) and 833, 589, and 827 mm in Year 2 (May 2004 through April 2005) for control, low- (5.6 Mg ha −1 ), and high-litter (11.2 Mg ha −1 ) treatments, respectively. Drainage was similar among treatments during all time periods except for Winter (November through January) Year 1. Flow-weighted mean concentrations of Mn during Spring Year 1 (February through April 2004) and Ni and Cu for the whole year differed among litter treatments, but there were no consistent trends. In Spring Year 2 (February through April 2005), flow-weighted mean concentrations of Cr and Fe differed among litter treatment, but there were no consistent trends. Metal leaching losses did not differ among litter treatment during Year 1. In Year 2, leaching losses of Zn, Fe, and As differed among litter treatments during Summer, Fall, and Winter, respectively, but there were no consistent trends. Results indicate that poultry litter application rate did not affect metal leaching within two the first 2 yr of altered management; thus simply reducing application rates in areas with a history of litter application may not ensure a short-term reduction of potential further surface and groundwater impairment.
Research Paradigm as a Factor Influencing Estimates of Time-to-Contact

‘Time-to-contact’ is a practical and theoretical construct. It is of practical significance since it plays a central role in how humans perceive and avoid collisions with the objects in their environment. Its theoretical importance lies in its recognition as a central pillar of the ‘ecological’ movement which emphasizes the environment in which action occurs. Time-to-contact studies have employed a paradigm to investigate time-to-contact which has included having a computer generated vehicle travel to a participant and be subsequently removed from the scene. A more ecologically valid scenario, which occurs everyday around the world, is to have the approaching vehicle become occluded by some naturally occurring object. The present investigation into the effects of a naturally occurring research paradigm versus a traditional time-to-contact research paradigm has revealed that participants were more accurate estimating time-to-contact when the approaching vehicle became occluded by a naturally occurring obje...
Using solid phase extraction media to increase the sensitivity of infrared and Raman spectroscopy

Solid phase extraction (SPE) media are usually used to collect samples from both the air and water for analysis by conventional analytical instruments such as the gas chromatograph or mass spectrometer. This approach requires that the analyte be sorbed onto the SPE media, then removed using either solvent extraction or thermal desorption of the vapor into an analytical instrument. Because the analyte is concentrated on the sorbent medium it is possible to acquire spectroscopic information of the analyte on the sorbent. This approach can be used to enhance the detection limits for both Raman and infrared spectroscopic techniques.
2010 Community College Futures Assembly Focus: Effective Leadership–Addressing the Graduation Challenge in the 21st Century

The Community College Futures Assembly has served as a national independent policy think tank since 1995. Its purpose is to articulate the critical issues facing American community colleges and recognize innovative programs. Convening annually in January in Orlando, Florida, the Assembly provides an interactive learning environment where tough questions are raised, critical issues are discussed, and policy implications are vetted. The focus for the 2010 Community College Futures Assembly is “addressing college graduation challenge through effective leadership in community colleges.” The focus of this special issue of the Community College Journal of Research and Practice underlines the best practices of 30 Bellwether trend-setting postsecondary higher education institutions.
Special Electronic Equipment for the Analysis of Statistical Data

Four instruments useful in the mechanized analysis of noise signals are described. They are a noise data digitizer, a sound field contour plotter, a probability analyzer, and a correlation computer. A description of analytical and experimental approaches to the extraction of useful information from stored statistical data is included.
A Satellite-Based Summer Convective Cloud Frequency Analysis over the Southeastern United States

AbstractA convective cloud (CC) analysis is performed over the southeastern United States (SEUS) during June, July, and August 2006 and 2007, using data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) visible and infrared sensors as processed by a satellite-based convection cloud mask and initiation algorithm. Six 5–7-day periods are analyzed between the times 1500 and 1900 UTC, representative of summertime conditions in the SEUS. The ~8.7 × 108 pixel database contains information on nonprecipitating CCs possessing various satellite-estimated attributes of cloud size, based on whether they meet set thresholds in eight infrared “interest fields.” CCs at ~1 km × 1 km pixel size in the GOES projection are evaluated in comparison with the land cover classes, elevation gradients, and normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVIs) beneath the CCs. The goals are to relate the frequency of occurrence of CCs to land surface properties, attempting to determine which of these three properties are...
INSTITUTIONS, PATH DEPENDENCE, AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION

Formal political institutions have been assigned two roles in democratization theorizing: as contingent effects of strategic interaction and as predictable bases for democratic consolidation. These roles might be reconciled if we assume that institutions become persistent once in place. But patterns of behavior surrounding these institutions do not appear to conform to the expectations of path dependency or comparable frameworks: while unchallenged in some cases, these institutions are repeatedly contested and often enough revised in others. This is true even of ‘low stakes’ institutional designs. Consequently, groups often perceive institutional designs not as ‘locked in’ and instead as malleable over even a few years. Codified political institutions therefore appear unable to generate the reduced risks - in effect, the credible commitments - which Adam Przeworski’s argument about democratic consolidation requires. This conclusion suggests that consolidation may result from reductions in political risks ...
Maximal sound predictive race detection with control flow abstraction

Despite the numerous static and dynamic program analysis techniques in the literature, data races remain one of the most common bugs in modern concurrent software. Further, the techniques that do exist either have limited detection capability or are unsound, meaning that they report false positives. We present a sound race detection technique that achieves a provably higher detection capability than existing sound techniques. A key insight of our technique is the inclusion of abstracted control flow information into the execution model, which increases the space of the causal model permitted by classical happens-before or causally-precedes based detectors. By encoding the control flow and a minimal set of feasibility constraints as a group of first-order logic formulae, we formulate race detection as a constraint solving problem. Moreover, we formally prove that our formulation achieves the maximal possible detection capability for any sound dynamic race detector with respect to the same input trace under the sequential consistency memory model. We demonstrate via extensive experimentation that our technique detects more races than the other state-of-the-art sound race detection techniques, and that it is scalable to executions of real world concurrent applications with tens of millions of critical events. These experiments also revealed several previously unknown races in real systems (e.g., Eclipse) that have been confirmed or fixed by the developers. Our tool is also adopted by Eclipse developers.