cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification, molecular weight, amino acid, and subunit composition of arylsulfatase A from human liver

Abstract Arylsulfatase A (EC 3.1.6.1) from human liver self-associates at pH 5.0. This behavior was used to purify the enzyme to a specific activity of 2872 μmol nitrocatechol sulfate hydrolyzed per hour per milligram of protein, a 7000-fold increase in specific activity over the crude homogenate. No evidence of heterogeneity can be detected by acrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.9 and 6.8 or by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation at pH 8.1 and 5.0. The purified enzyme also exhibits one precipitin line on immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis against antibody prepared to an impure enzyme sample. The amino acid analysis of the enzyme reveals a high content of proline and the presence of carbohydrate. The molecular weight, measured by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation, is 104,500 at pH 8.1 and 413,000 at pH 5.0. Centrifugation in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride indicated the presence of two components of molecular weights 53,000 and 66,000. The presence of two components was verified by acrylamide gel electrophoresis of denatured enzyme in 6 m urea and in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weights of the components, determined from protein standards, by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis are 49,000 and 59,000.
Parental Presence and Countertransference Phenomena in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy of Children and Adolescents

One of the characteristics of psychotherapeutic work with children and adolescents is parental presence, which introduces additional parameters into the setting and function of the therapist. Parental presence makes the existence of the external world constantly present, increasing the risk of bias in interpreting and understanding the intrapsychic world. Interference is common in the therapeutic setting, and mostly challenges the therapist's tolerance. Meetings with parents may trigger fantasies in the therapist's mind, which interfere with the game of identifications with the child and the fantasized parents. The common bond with the child creates conscious and unconscious reactions, and there is always the risk of the therapist being overwhelmed and losing his or her capacity to understand object relations and transference phenomena. The therapist's function may be influenced either through weakening of the symbolizing capability or through hampering the capability to understand the child's function of...
Hierarchic and Parallel Processing Schemes for Arbitrary Multirate Filter Banks

This paper presents relations between hierarchic and parallel implementations of multirate filter banks (MRBs). An MRB consists of a set of filters that produce several reduced sampling-rate, or spatial scale, versions of a signal. Because image properties exist at all spatial scales, and different significance is placed on each of these scales, MRBs are very useful for image coding and analysis. Hierarchic processors, in which outputs are computed with a cascade of filters acting on a signal, have been shown in some special cases to implement MRBs more efficiently than parallel processors. However, no general theory for the hierarchic implementation of MRBs exists. We derive conversions between parallel multirate filter banks (PMRBs) and hierarchic multirate filter bank (HMRBs). The theory provides closed-form equations for finding the PMRB equivalent to a given HMRB provided a "commutation condition" (subsection 2.2.2) on the decimation and interpolation coefficients is satisfied. Closed-form solutions for the HMRB equivalent to a given PMRB can be found provided both the commutation condition and a "frequency-preservation condition" (subsection 2.3) on the PMRB filters are met. MRBs that do not satisfy the frequency preservation condition can not be implemented with an HMRB. We use a two-dimensional HMRB that allows arbitrary, non-decreasing rational-number reductions in sampling rate between successive outputs, arbitrary LTI filtering between outputs and low-pass filtering to prevent aliasing from the sampling-rate changes. Finally, we consider the special case of scaled Gaussian filters.
Lewis's puzzle about singular belief-attribution

In this paper, I have argued that Lewis fails to undermine thatP-theory by means of a variation of Kripke'sPuzzle. The flaw in Lewis's argument, given a wide interpretation ofworld-fitness, is that it simply begs the question against theP-theorist. I then argued that, given the narrow interpretation ofworld-fitness, Lewis's argument fails because Pierre doesn't have a belief that is narrowly characterizable by a sentence like, Pierre believes that the city that he identifies asLondon is pretty in either Kripke's story or even in Lewis's own variation of Kripke's story. It now remains to be seen whether theP-theory can be directly refuted by other arguments.
Electron-irradiation- and ion-beam-induced amorphization of coesite

Electron-irradiation-induced amorphization in coesite was observed {ital in} {ital situ} as a function of temperature (15-750 K) at incident electron energy of 1.0 MeV by TEM. Amorphization induced by ion-beam irradiation (1.5 MeV Kr{sup +}) in coesite was studied {ital in} {ital situ} as a function of temperature (15-875 K) using the high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) Tandem Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. Electron-irradiation-induced amorphization in coesite was also observed at 200 keV and 300 K. Previously, effect of temperature on amorphization was considered to only result in annealing, ie recovery of damaged region. This study shows that temperature has an enhancing effect on amorphization and may even play a dominant role in radiation-induced amorphization of some crystalline materials. The effect of temperature in enhancing amorphization was first theoretically and experimentally recognized in electron- and ion-beam-irradiation-induced amorphization of coesite. Coesite has a melting temperature, {ital T}{sub {ital m}} (875 K), below its glass transition temperature, {ital T}{sub {ital g}} (1480 K). A thermodynamic analysis has been made to model the critical amorphization dose-temperature dependencies of electron- and ion-beam irradiations. We propose that the thermodynamic contributions to amorphization include the free-energy increase due to defect accumulation caused by irradiation and chemical disordering,more » {Delta}{ital G}{sub def} and {Delta}{ital G}{sub dis}, and a thermal contribution, {Delta}{ital G}{sub therm}. The thermodynamic condition for amorphization is generalized by the expression {Delta}{ital G}{sub total}={Delta}{ital G}{sub therm}+{Delta}{ital G}{sub def}+{Delta}{ital G}{sub dis}{ge}{Delta}{ital G}{sub am }, where {Delta}{ital G}{sub total>} is the total free-energy increase for the irradiated crystal, and {Delta}{ital G}{sub am} is the free-energy level required for solid-state amorphization. (Abstract Truncated)« less
Towards long term data quality in a large scale biometrics experiment

Quality of data plays a very important role in any scientific research. In this paper we present some of the challenges that we face in managing and maintaining data quality for a terabyte scale biometrics repository. We have developed a step by step model to capture, ingest, validate, and prepare data for biometrics research. During these processes, there are many hidden errors which can be introduced into the data. Those errors can affect the overall quality of data, and thus can skew the results of biometrics research. We discuss necessary steps we have taken to reduce and eliminate the errors. Steps such as data replication, automated data validation, and logging metadata changes are both necessary and crucial to improve the quality and reliability of our data.
Coherent matched detection with multi-input-multi-output equalization for demultiplexing/demodulation of orthogonally time/frequency domain multiplexed signal

We optical coherent matched detection with MIMO equalization implemented. Mismatching between signal and local combs is mitigated, demultiplexing ultrafast and high-spectral-efficiency OTFDM signals with improved orthogonality.
Atypical endometrioid cystadenofibroma with Meigs' syndrome: ultrastructure and S-phase fraction.

A case of an ovarian endometrioid cystadenofibroma with epithelial atypia and Meigs' syndrome is described. The patient had a large pleural effusion that resolved rapidly after extirpation of the tumor. The S-phase fraction, measured by in vitro incorporation of tritiated thymidine, was extremely low, suggesting that this unusual tumor has a limited growth potential despite its atypical features. Ultra-structurally, the epithelial component has few features described in other ovarian endometrioid tumors. The cells have deeply clefted nuclei and numerous secondary cytolysosomes, features more commonly seen in Brenner tumors; the morphologic similarities may reflect a low epithelial turnover rate. Despite a reveiw of the literature and an analysis of the case, the authors were unable to determine the pathogenetic mechanism of Meigs' syndrome.
New thermoplastic elastomers of rubbery polyisobutylene and glassy cyclopolyisoprene segments

New thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) consisting of a central rubbery polyisobutylene (PIB) and glassy outer cyclopolyisoprene (cy-PIP) segments have been prepared by living carbocationic polymerization by sequential monomer addition. First the homopolymerization of isobutylene (IB) and isoprene (IP) have been investigated. The living polymerization of isobutylene initiated by the p-dicumyl methoxy (p-DiCumOMe)/TiCl4 system in CH3Cl/n-C6H14 mixtures at −80°C gave living ⊕PIB⊕ dications of desired molecular weights. The polymerization of IP induced by cumyl acetate (CumOAc)/TiCl4 or cumyl methyl ether (CumOMe)/TiCl4 systems in the same solvent at −40°C readily yielded gel-free off-white powders comprising trans-1,4-PIP units and cy-PIP sequences. The polymerization most likely proceeds by trans-1,4-PIP ⊕ cations that undergo inter/intramolecular alkylation and cyclization leading to branched multiblocks. Block copolymers were synthesized by the addition of IP to charges containing ⊕PIB⊕ dications of different molecular weights. Under select conditions pure (tr-1,4-PIP)-b-PIB-b-(tr-1,4-PIP) triblocks with relatively short tr-1,4-PIP sequences have been obtained. Extended reaction times result in multiblocks; most likely ⊕ (tr-1,4-PIP)-b-PIB-b-(tr-1,4-PIP) ⊕ dications induce alkylation and cyclization of PIP sequences. The extent of alkylation can be regulated by the viscosity of the medium (molecular weight and/or concentration of the PIB midblock). The rate of IP incorporation decelerates after an initial fast polymerization; however, it can be accelerated by adding fresh Lewis acid to the system. Although tr-1,4-PIP endblocks of linear triblocks can be completely cyclized by acid treatment to saturated products, multiblocks cannot, probably because of their branched structure. Transmission electron microscopy of multiblocks shows phase separation with PIB (95–70 mol%) the continuous phase (Tg = −73°C) and cy-PIP blocks (5–30 mol %) the discrete phase. The Tg of the cy-PIP domain is in the range 95–190°C and it is affected by the extent of cyclization and/or the length of the cy-PIP sequence. The new multiblock TPEs are soluble in organic solvents and can be melt-processed above ∼ 140°C. A multiblock TPE film containing 15 mol % glassy cy-PIP block and 85 mol % rubbery PIB block of Mn = 55,500 cast from CCl4 exhibited to MPa tensile strength [120 MPa engineering strength (sigma true)] and 1200% elongation. The completely cyclized linear triblock shows higher Tg (≡ 180°C) but, due to its low cy-PIP content, exhibits unsatisfactory tensile properties.
The Soybean GH2/4 Gene That Encodes a Glutathione S-Transferase Has a Promoter That Is Activated by a Wide Range of Chemical Agents

Transcriptional activation of the soybean (Glycine max) GH2/4 gene (also referred to as Gmhsp26-A) and increase in abundance of the GH2/4 mRNA (also referred to as pCE54) have been previously shown to occur following treatment of soybean seedlings with auxins, nonauxin analogs, heavy metals, and a variety of other agents. To determine whether the GH2/4 promoter is responsive to an array of different agents, we have analyzed the inducibility of the GH2/4 promoter fused to the [beta]-glucuronidase reporter gene in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. We have shown that a wide variety of chemical agents induce this promoter in a tissue-specific and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, we have used an affinity-purified antibody raised against recombinant GH2/4 protein to show that the GH2/4 protein increases in response to auxin application and is localized in the cytosol of soybean cells. Recombinant GH2/4 protein can be purified to homogeneity on a glutathione-agarose resin, and the purified protein has glutathione S-transferase activity when assayed with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.
Active polysomes in sea urchin eggs and zygotes: evidence for an increase in translatable messenger RNA after fertilization.

The increase in polysomal material in sea urchin zygotes after fertilization occurs primarily as an increase in the number rather than in the sizes of the polysomes. This suggests that the protein synthesis system in eggs is messenger RNA limited and that polysomes form at fertilization as a result of the messenger RNA becoming available. While these findings do not rule out the possibility that the peptide initiation step is less efficient in eggs than in embryos, they do suggest that this step is not the principal cause of the inactivity of the protein synthesis system in eggs.
Visual diagnosis: an adolescent girl who has fever, cough, and chronic chest pain.

1. Chad Smelser, MD* 2. Jennifer Moher, MD* 1. *Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR A 15-year-old girl presents to the emergency department with the complaint of 4 days of fever to 101°F (38.3°C) and worsening cough. The cough is nonproductive. For the past 10 months, she has had persistent, gradually increasing right-sided chest pain that worsens with deep inspiration. She has noted enlargement of her right chest for several months. Review of systems reveals increased fatigue and difficulty sleeping, but no weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, pain on urination, night sweats, trauma, bruising, or enlarged lymph nodes. Past medical history is significant for two episodes of pneumonia as a young child. She is receiving no medications. Approximately 10 months ago, she and her immediate family immigrated to the United States from Kazakhstan, traveling through Moscow and Florida before settling in rural southern Washington. Immunizations are up to date for United States immigration, and purified protein derivative testing for tuberculosis was negative. The family history is negative for respiratory disease and childhood cancers. The social history is significant for being a native of Kazakhstan and living in a rural farming community where she had been exposed to sheep, cattle, and chickens. Her father is a dog breeder. She has had no known contact with sick individuals or anyone who has tuberculosis. She does not smoke. Physical examination reveals an oral temperature of 101.4°F (38.6°C), respiratory rate of 45 breaths/min, heart rate of 96 beats/min, blood pressure of 106/76 mm Hg, and an oxygen saturation of 98% in room air. She is uncomfortable and demonstrates minimal right-sided chest retractions and splinting toward the right side (Fig. 1⇓). Expansion of her right chest is visibly larger than her left, but both sides appear to move symmetrically with respirations. Auscultation reveals …
Selection of germanium for lithium-drifted radiation detectors by observation of etch-pit distributions

Abstract This note establishes the value of observation of etch-pit distributions as a guide in the selection of germanium for use in lithium-drifted germanium detectors. Results are presented showing a very good correlation between the etch-pit distribution and detector performance for a number of crystals pulled on the 111 axis. It is inferred that mechanical strain produced by thermal conditions in the crystal growing process is the major source of potential charge trapping sites in the final detector.
Sweep and Dihedral Effects in Axial-Flow Turbomachinery

An approximate method for including the effects of sweep and dihedral when designing axial-flow turbomachinery blading is presented. Blades are said to have sweep when the flow direction is not perpendicular to the spanwise direction, and dihedral when the blade surface is not normal to the surface of an end wall. It is shown that blade cross sections should be cut by sectioning surfaces that are tangent to the axisymmetric stream surfaces of the meridional flow, but that these cross sections should be viewed by looking parallel to the axis (stacking line) of the blade. When this is done the observed blade shapes and flow angle distributions are most nearly comparable to those obtained from two-dimensional cascade experiments and analyses. This approach is found to be inadequate at the blade ends, however, and an analytical method is presented which yields a wall correction for blade rows of semi-infinite span. For all practical variations of the parameters involved in the design of axial-flow compressors and turbines, the wall correction can be conveniently calculated from a set of approximate formulas presented in this paper. The importance of an adequate axisymmetric solution (method not presented herein) as the first step in the analysis is pointed out; many of the effects of sweep and dihedral are traceable to the skewness of the force and thickness-blockage fields of the axisymmetric model. Finally, the paper summarizes the blading design procedure and applies the present work within the framework of the overall design. As an example, the method is used to design a swept cascade; previously reported test results for a similar cascade tend to substantiate the validity of the design procedure, but experimental results for a direct comparison with the theory are not available.
The international business implications of transferring computer technology from the United States to South Korea

The transfer of technology is inevitable. Developing countries must achieve the status of the industrialized countries if progress and growth in the computer industry is desired. If the U.S. corporation is not the provider of the technological know-how, the developing countries will obtain the information elsewhere. By providing the technological know-how, U.S. multinationals can reap the short-term benefits from lower production costs and increased market share. Even with the threat of creating future competitors, the transfer of technology should not be discharded. As Gee (1975∶623) says, “(the) loss of technological monopoly by one country means there is more know-how to be gained from another country”. As other countries reach the level of expertise seen in the United States, the U.S. multinational can tap those markets in an effort to stimulate innovation in this country. The threat of competition from Korea in high volume computer products can be approached in a positive manner as feedback mechanism to help upgrade U.S. capabilities, stimulating innovation and eventually technological competitiveness.
Orbital and internal forcing of climate on the Yucatan Peninsula for the past ca. 36 ka

Abstract A 19.6 m sedimentary sequence from Lake Quexil, Guatemala, is presented as a proxy record of climatic change on the low-lying Yucatan Peninsula over the last ca. 36 ka. Long-term climatic fluctuations are attributed to orbital forcing of insolation, while abrupt changes during the late glacial period are the result of internal forcing mechanisms that remain imperfectly modelled. GCMs simulating meltwater cooling of the Gulf of Mexico may predict some but not all climatic responses in the Circum-Caribbean. Lake Quexil did not experience greater aridity than predicted by orbital forcing during late glacial zones Q-LG 1 and 2, which were drier only in comparison with Holocene conditions. Q-LG 1 appears to have been colder than expected based on insolation alone, and is contemporary with the Younger Dryas event between meltwater pulses 1A and 1B. Thus, other feedbacks also may have cooled surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico, such as unique late glacial circulation patterns, increased albedo for the Florida and Yucatan Peninsulas, or surface temperatures on the North American continent. Additional terrestrial sequences are needed to improve the chronology and confirm the distribution of sub-regional climatic variability in the Circum-Caribbean.
Purification of esterase-5 from Drosophila pseudoobscura.

Abstract Esterase-5, one of a number of enzymes with esterase activity found in Drosophila pseudoobscura, has been purified and characterized. A 310-fold purification of this enzyme was attained and this product was free of all other detectable esterase activity. The purified enzyme had maximal activity toward short-chain β- naphthyl esters. It was only slightly (10.8%) inhibited by eserine at 10-4 M but was inhibited greatly (79.8%) by 10-4 M diisopropylfluorophosphate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 100 000. Six electrophoretic variants of this enzyme are known; two were studied and were found to have no differences in activity.
Preliminary results in under-ice acoustic navigation for seagliders in Davis Strait

This paper presents an under-ice acoustic navigation system developed for Seaglider, a buoyancy-driven autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and post-processed navigation results from one of fourteen glider deployments between 2006 and 2014 in Davis Strait. Seagliders typically receive all geolocation information from global positioning system (GPS) signals received while they are at the surface, and perform dead reckoning while underwater. Extended under-ice deployments, where access to GPS is denied due to the inability of the glider to surface, require an alternative source of geolocation information. In the deployments described herein, geolocation information is provided by range measurements from mooring-mounted acoustic navigation sources at fixed, known locations. In this paper we describe the navigation system used in Davis Strait and present navigation results from a six degree-of-freedom Kalman filter using post-processed navigation data.
Sex Steroids, Cardiovascular Disease, and Hypertension: Unanswered Questions and Some Speculations

The roles that both male and female sex steroids play in mediating or protecting against cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension are controversial. For example, whereas animal studies have strongly implicated androgens as being mediators of CVD and hypertension, human epidemiological studies have shown that with chronic disease, including hypertension, serum testosterone levels are actually reduced.1 Thus, whether androgens are truly causative of CVD is not clear. However, premenopausal women are typically protected from CVD and hypertension compared with men, and this has been hypothesized to be because of the protective effects of estrogens. The negative findings of Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) I and II2,3 and Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)4,5 studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women have shaken our previous ideas that HRT was protective against CVD. In this short review, the latest findings regarding the roles of sex steroids in hypertension and CVD are discussed, questions yet to be answered are suggested, and some speculations are made. In both males and females, the hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release both luteinizing hormone and follicular-stimulating hormone. Luteinizing hormone binds to receptors on thecal cells in ovaries of females and Leydig cells in testes of males to cause testosterone to be synthesized. Follicular-stimulating hormone, however, binds to receptors on granulosa cells in females or Sertoli cells in males and stimulates the synthesis of aromatase, which converts testosterone to estradiol. There are 2 main types of estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, but several variants of both have also been identified. ERβ is present in a greater number of tissues than is ERα, but both isoforms are present in kidneys and the vasculature. ERβ has been found to be the predominant isoform in human vascular smooth muscle cells. The androgen receptor …
Resilience in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals

To promote psychological health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, more comprehensive research on resilience factors in LGB individuals is needed. This article presents a theoretical framework based on the existing literature, with an eye toward guiding future research in this area. Social support clearly serves as a resilience factor for LGB individuals, in part through its ability to lower reactivity to prejudice. Social support is particularly effective when it specifically supports people's sexual orientation and is congruent with individuals' developmental needs. The ability to accept emotions and to process them in an insightful manner also buffers the negative impact of prejudice. In addition, hope and optimism allow LGB individuals to maintain psychological health when faced with prejudice.
Variability and regulation of denitrification in an Upper Mississippi River backwater

AbstractSediments in the backwaters of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) are highly organic and provide an optimal environment for N removal. We monitored an 8.6-ha UMR backwater site near La Crosse, Wisconsin, for nearly 3 y to assess temporal variability, seasonal trends, and the factors regulating denitrification. We measured rates of unamended denitrification (DEN) and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) rates at ambient temperature and DEA at 30°C (DEA30). Seasonal mean (±1 SE) DEN rates ranged from 0.041 ± 0.015 to 0.47 ± 0.23 μg N cm−2 h−1 and were highest in winter and lowest in autumn. Seasonal rates of DEA exhibited a different pattern with the highest rates in summer (25.6 ± 3.4 μg N cm−2 h−1) and the lowest rates in winter (10.6 ± 2.1 μg N cm−2 h−1). The overall mean DEA30 rate was 31.0 ± 1.9 μg N cm−2 h−1 but showed no significant seasonal pattern. Short-term (weekly) and seasonal variability exhibited by rates of DEN and DEA were best explained by water-column NO3− concentration and temper...
Bid-Price Controls for Network Revenue Management: Martingale Characterization of Optimal Bid Prices

We consider a continuous-time, rate-based model of network revenue management. Under mild assumptions, we construct a simple e-optimal bid-price control, which can be viewed as a perturbation of a bid-price control in the classical sense [Williamson, E. L. 1992. Airline network seat control. Ph.D. thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA]. We show that the associated bid-price process forms a martingale and the corresponding booking controls converge in an appropriate sense to an optimal control as e tends to 0. Moreover, we show that there exists an optimal generalized bid-price control, where the bid-price process forms a martingale and is used in conjunction with a capacity usage limit process. We also discuss its connection to the bid-price controls in the classical sense and sufficient conditions for the (near) optimality of the latter.
Device performance of light emitting transistors with C-doped and Zn-doped base layers

N-InP/p-InAlGaAs/N-InAlAs light emitting transistors (LETs) operating at ∼1.55 µm were investigated. Both carbon (C) and zinc (Zn) were used as the p-type dopant of the base layers. It was found that C stays in place while Zn diffuses into the emitter and the base active region, resulting in compromised electrical performance and light output intensity. On the other hand, due to a short minority carrier lifetime, LETs with the C-doped base have a much smaller current gain than LETs with the Zn-doped base.
Sensory preferences among general Japanese consumers and physicochemical evaluation of deep-fried peanuts.

BACKGROUND The development of food that satisfies consumer preferences is very important for producing commodities. In the present study, 132 Japanese consumers carried out sensory evaluation of deep-fried peanuts with varying frying times (2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 15 min) at 150 °C, and the relationships among sensory elements and physicochemical properties were investigated. RESULT The sensory scores for colour, bitterness, and deep-fried peanut aroma increased (darker or stronger) with frying time, whereas the sweetness score was relatively high (strong) for frying times of 2, 4, 6 and 9 min, and then decreased (weaker) with increasing frying time. Frying times of 4, 6 and 9 min scored higher in overall liking than other times. Multiple-regression analysis indicated that the overall liking score was positively correlated with sweetness (standardised regression coefficient, β = +0.51) and deep-fried peanut aroma (β = +0.26) scores but negatively correlated with bitterness score (β = −0.25). Multiple-regression analysis also indicated a difference in sensory preference by gender. Sensory elements were closely related to the physicochemical properties, including the colour indexes (CIELAB colour space) and the sucrose and water contents. When L* (CIELAB colour space, lightness index) was 53–64 and water content was 10–30 g kg−1, the mean overall liking score was relatively high implying acceptable fried peanut quality. CONCLUSION Relationships among individual sensory elements were confirmed. Multiple-regression analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between sweetness and overall liking and a small difference in sensory preference by gender. Sensory evaluations can thus be expressed by physicochemical properties. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
ALARMIST DECISIONS WITH DIVERGENT RISK INFORMATION

Receipt of multiple sources of risk information ideally should foster sounder decisions under uncertainty. This paper's original survey results for environmental risks suggest that the learning process is reasonable in many respects, bur it does not accord with a rational Bayesian learning model. Divergent risk assessments from different sources produce extreme violations of rationality, as there is inordinate weight on the high risk assessment. This alarmist reaction holds for both government and industry information sources. This phenomenon may account for the commonly observed phenomenon of public overreaction to highly publicised risks.
ITS and the environment: towards a concept of subjective transportation

In this paper, the authors discuss the effects of intelligent transportation systems on both the local environment for humans in transportation, and the global environmental effects: city sprawl; pollution; and the distribution of comfort. The paper addresses four subtopics: how much transportation is needed; the smart cockpit; sharing the driving experience; and distributed decision making.
Reliability, Validity, and Psychometric Development of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory in an Outpatient Sample of Men

Psychometric properties of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) are reported using treatment-seeking samples of hypersexual men. Study 1 details item reduction and exploratory factor analysis of the HBI. Study 2 provides results of a confirmatory factor analysis yielding a 3-factor model measuring Control, Consequences, and Coping associated with sexual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Concurrent and discriminant validity was established with measures of theoretically related and dissimilar constructs. The psychometric properties of the HBI suggest it reflects the proposed DSM-V classification criteria for hypersexual disorder and has both the clinical and research utility to advance a more comprehensive understanding of hypersexuality.
CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist, JWH-015 triggers apoptosis in immune cells: Potential role for CB2 selective ligands as immunosuppressive agents

Cannabinoids are known to interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors expressed in the nervous and immune system, respectively, and mediate a wide range of effects, including anti-inflammatory properties. However, cannabinoids that bind CB1 are also psychoactive thereby limiting their clinical use. In this study, we investigated the immunosuppressive properties of JWH-015, a synthetic CB2-selective agonist. We found that JWH-015 triggered apoptosis in thymocytes in vitro and inhibited the proliferative response of T and B cells to mitogens through induction of apoptosis. JWH-015 induced cross-talk between extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis involving caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, administration of JWH-015 in vivo caused thymic atrophy, apoptosis, and decreased peripheral T cell response to mitogens. Together, this study suggests that CB2-selective agonists, devoid of psychotropic effect, may serve as novel anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive agents.
Preparation of a degenerate, two-component Fermi gas by evaporation in a single beam optical trap

Summary form only given. We have recently produced a degenerate mixture of the two lowest hyperfine states of fermionic /sup 6/Li in a stable, single-beam CO/sub 2/ laser trap. The trap is loaded from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) at an initial temperature of 150 /spl mu/K. Degeneracy is obtained by forced evaporation, accomplished by continuously lowering the trap depth; the trap is then adiabatically recompressed to full depth. After 60 seconds of forced evaporation, more than 10/sup 5/ atoms remain at temperatures below half of the Fermi temperature. These results are consistent with scaling laws we have derived for the phase-space density as a function of trap depth. This degenerate system is predicted to exhibit a Feshbach resonance at 850 G.
A spectral model for halftone color prediction

We take a spectral model based approach to the problem of color prediction of halftones. Our approach assumes no scattering through the colorant layers and models the surface and subsurface scattering in the paper substrate by a parametric closed form point spread function. Given a halftone bitmap, we synthesize a high-resolution halftone microstructure image assuming dot profiles with Gaussian roll-offs, from which we compute a high-resolution transmission image. We then convolve this transmission image with the point spread function of the paper substrate to predict the average spectral distribution of the halftone. We use the spectral distribution measurements made by a spectrophotometer to train our model be. To iterate over a set of values For the two parameters of our model: the parameter for the point spread function of the paper substrate and the proportionality constant to obtain the transmittance of the colorant layer from the colorant dot count and the absorption spectrum of the colorant. Preliminary experimental results show the efficacy of our method.
POLIOVIRUS VACCINES IN MINERAL OIL ADJUVANT. I. ANIMAL TOXICITY AND SEROLOGIC RESPONSE DATA.

Abstract Intramuscular administration in monkeys of Salk or purified poliovaccine in Freund's incomplete mineral oil adjuvant effected very marked potentiation of neutralizing antibody response. Far higher levels of antibody were generally achieved with the use of fewer doses and lesser amounts of antigenic substance than when the corresponding aqueous material was used. There was no significant adverse clinical reaction to the adjuvant vaccines when given to monkeys by the intramuscular route and the reactions which occurred following intradermal injection into guinea pigs or intraperitoneal administration into mice were within the range of acceptability for such adjuvant material.
Quinones, monoradicals and diradicals from 3- and 4-mercaptocatechol and 3,4-bismercaptocatechol: a computational study of a plausibly biomimetic reaction

Little attention has been focused on radical and diradical formations from compounds that contain both phenol and thiol groups. Computational studies were conducted on radicals and diradicals from mercapto- and bismercaptocatechols to provide insight into their relative stability. The loss of a hydrogen atom from mercapto- or -bismercaptocatechol produces S- and O-centered radicals of similar energy. The loss of two hydrogen atoms from 3,4-bismercaptocatechol (3) is an example where a number of quinone and diradical structures become possible. However, the energetics are consistent with a 4-membered ring dithiete playing an important role in the two electron oxidation reaction of 3.
Localization of the Interfaces of a Slab Hidden Behind a Wall

In this paper, a 1-D inverse-scattering problem laying within the framework of through-wall imaging is addressed. In particular, the problem of localizing the interfaces of a slab hidden behind an obstacle, another slab whose electromagnetic features and thickness are known, is considered. To this end, an approximate linear mathematical relationship between the scattered field and the unknown slab-interface positions is stated. Such an approximate relationship arises from neglecting the multiple-reflections between the two unknown slab's interfaces and between the slab and the obstacle. The unknown locations of the slab's interfaces are represented as the support of Dirac-delta functions, and the problem is cast as the inversion of a linear integral operator whose inversion is achieved by means of the Truncated-Singular-Value-Decomposition (TSVD) inversion scheme. The effect of the parameters of the obstacle on the inversion algorithm and the performances achievable by the solution approach are assessed by exploiting synthetic data. Furthermore, a comparison with the reconstructions obtained under the Born approximation and with the time-backscattered field is achieved. Finally, results obtained by employing experimental data collected owing to a stepped-frequency ground-penetrating radar system are also presented.
Bilateral asymmetry in skeletal growth and maturation as an indicator of environmental stress.

This study examined the efficacy of bilateral asymmetry in epiphyseal union as an indicator of environmental stress affecting the skeleton. We compared the extent of asymmetry in the postcranial skeleton between two cemetery samples excavated from Medieval Kulubnarti, Sudanese Nubia. Past studies have strongly suggested that these ancient Nubians experienced environmental stress-the early Christian period (550-750 AD) population to a greater extent than the late Christian period (750-1450 AD) population. We hypothesized that if bilateral asymmetry is a reflection of stress, then it should be present or greater in the more stressed population, the early Christian period population, while absent or found to a lesser extent in the less stressed population, the late Christian period population. We computed two mean values, representative of right-side and left-side epiphyseal union, for each individual in both cemetery samples, and tested for significant differences. Bilateral asymmetry was significant in the combined cemetery sample of 90 individuals (P < 0.019). When cemetery samples were tested separately, bilateral asymmetry was significant for the early Christian period sample (P < 0.001), but not for the late Christian period sample. There were no differences attributable to sex. Finally, we discuss why we conclude that environmental stress was favored over a biomechanic explanation as the cause for asymmetry. To the extent that our results support previous findings that early Christian period individuals were more affected by environmental stress than late Christian period individuals, it is reasonable to consider bilateral asymmetry in skeletal growth and maturation a good indicator of environmental stress.
Revertants of Dominant Mutations Associated with the Antennapedia Gene Complex of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: Cytology and Genetics

Using X-ray mutagenesis we have induced and recovered phenotypic revertants of four dominant mutations thought to be associated with the Antennapedia complex of Drosophila melanogaster. These include seven revertants of Antennapedia-73b (Antp(73b)), six of Extra Sex Combs of Wakimoto (Scx(w)), three of Deformed (Dfd) and one of Humeral (Hu). Fifteen of the 17 revertants are associated with chromosomal aberrations and localize Antp(73b), Scx( w) and Hu to polytene chromosome bands 84B1,2. The Dfd lesion is apparently located in or adjacent to bands 84A4,5. Since all of the dominants are reverted by events that delete their respective chromosomal loci, we conclude that all four are the result of a gain-of-function lesions. Complementation analysis of the various revertant chromosomes has shown that Scx(w) and Hu are dominant allelic variants of the Antp locus. The Dfd lesion represents a dominant mutation at a locus just proximal to Antp and previously only occupied by recessive lethal mutations. Characterization of the revertants of Scx(w) and a comparison with the properties of the original mutation has revealed that the original lesion has effects on both the Antp and Sex Combs Reduced (Scr) loci and that these defects are in some cases separable by the reverting event.
Serum Triamcinolone Levels Following Interlaminar Epidural Injection.

Background Lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are one of the most commonly performed procedures in pain medicine, but little is known about the serum levels of steroids following injection into the epidural space. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of fluoroscopy-guided epidural-administered triamcinolone acetonide in a cohort of patients with chronic low-back pain seeking treatment in a pain medicine clinic. Methods The study cohort included 10 patients undergoing a fluoroscopically guided L4-L5 or L5-S1 lumbar interlaminar ESI at a pain medicine specialty clinic. Blood was collected prior to the ESI and on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 following the injection. The sample extract was analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results The terminal elimination half-life of epidural-administered triamcinolone in a noncompartmental analysis was 523 hours. In the noncompartmental analysis, peak triamcinolone concentrations of 4.1 ng/mL were detected within 24 hours after administration. Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of epidural-administered triamcinolone is consistent with previously observed adverse effects of the drug on endocrine function. The pharmacokinetics of other epidural-administered steroids should be determined and incorporated in clinical trials to investigate the potential associations between serum levels, clinical outcomes, and potential adverse endocrine effects.
Evaluation of mechanical bowel preparation methods in urinary diversion surgery.

OBJECTIVES: We performed the first prospective, randomized, multi-center comparison of overall quality and patient tolerability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium phosphate (NaP) solution for mechanical bowel preparation prior to urinary diversion surgery. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2003, 36 patients at six institutions underwent major urological reconstructive surgery incorporating small intestine (35 radical cystectomy with urinary diversion and 1 bladder augmentation). Patients were prospectively randomized to receive either oral polyethylene glycol (group 1, n = 16) or sodium phosphate (group 2, n = 20) for mechanical bowel preparation prior to surgery, according to our multi-institutional IRB-approved protocol. All patients completed a questionnaire the morning of surgery to assess the tolerability and side effects of each agent. Quality of the bowel preparation was recorded based on intraoperative findings of the attending surgeon, who was blinded to the preparation method. RESULTS: Both bowel cleansing regimens were safe and well tolerated. Patient-reported ease of use and subjective incidence of side effects were statistically similar in the two groups, and a statistically non-significant trend to more bloating in the PEG group was also noted (p = 0.085). Surgeon-scored overall quality of preparation adequacy revealed no significant differences between oral sodium phosphate and polyethylene glycol solutions (p = 0.555). Postoperative complications were rare for each bowel preparation agent. CONCLUSIONS: Performance characteristics of oral sodium phosphate and polyethylene glycol bowel preparations appear to be similar. Each method is safe, efficacious, and well-tolerated when used prior to urinary diversion surgery. The cost for the NaP preparation was $1.40 versus $19.70 for the PEG bowel preparation. Sodium phosphate may have a slight advantage because of its convenience and economic advantage.
Long-term follow-up of unsuccessful coil embolisation in Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome.

A 22-year-old woman was referred for management of intermittent haemoptysis. She had been diagnosed with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) when she was 5 years old and had undergone coil embolisation for treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) at the ages of 6, 11 and 21 years. CT of the chest revealed multiple areas of PAVM and enhanced consolidation confined to the left lower lobe, and a large PAVM in the area that was previously coiled (figure 1). Pulmonary arteriogram was demonstrated (figures 2 and 3). There was no active site of contrast leaking, thus the patient was …
Abstract 3323: Induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by downregulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is one of the most important members of the family of apoptosis inhibitors. XIAP blocks apoptosis by inhibiting both the initiator (caspase 9) and effector (caspase 3) caspases, and therefore, prevents cell death induced by various triggers. One mechanism through which tumor cells are believed to acquire resistance to apoptosis is by overexpression of XIAP. When XIAP is overexpressed, cancer cells are rendered resistant to apoptosis, both intrinsically and in response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is upregulated in various malignancies, including human glioblastoma. It promotes invasion, metastasis, growth, and survival of malignant cells. In order to downregulate XIAP in glioma cells, we used human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB) and siRNA of XIAP (siXIAP). We observed the effect of both hUCB and siXIAP on two malignant glioma cell lines (SNB19 and U251) and two glioma xenograft cell lines (4910 and 5310). In either case, proliferation of the glioma cells was significantly inhibited. Both treatments increased cytotoxicity of glioma cells and led to cell death. However, cytotoxicity is more significant in siXIAP treatments compared to hUCB cocultures. Both hUCB and siXIAP induced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis in glioma cells, which was confirmed by TUNEL assay, FACS analyses and immunoblotting. Apoptosis is characterized by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of mitochondrial apoptotic protein BAD. Cell death of glioma cells is marked by downregulation of Akt and phospho-Akt molecules. Taken together, our results indicate the therapeutic potential of XIAP and hUCB in treating malignant gliomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3323.