cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progenitor Cell Biology: Implications for Neural Regeneration

A few brief years ago, damage to the central nervous system was generally perceived to be irreparable, and loss of neurons was largely viewed as an irreversible process. However, major advances in the study of neural progenitor cells have altered these perceptions, and rational approaches to the repair of the damaged nervous system using transplanted progenitor cells now seem feasible. This review will discuss the basic biology of neural progenitor cells, the mechanisms regulating the generation of neurons and glia from these cells, and the techniques that are available for preparing such cells for transplantation into the nervous system. The potential uses for these cells in treating neurologic disease will then be reviewed, and the theoretical and technical problems that may be encountered will be discussed.
The Role of Vessel Tone in Maintaining Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Patients with Mitral Stenosis

Changes in pulmonary vascular (arteriolar) resistance were estimated in 58 patients with mitral stenosis following mitral valvotomy and during exercise. Evidence is presented that changes in "resistance" reflect active changes in the caliber of the vessels due to alteration in their smooth muscle tone, valvotomy being followed by a decrease in tone and exercise by an increase.
Predicting oxygen transfer and water flow rate in airlift aerators

Water flow rate, gas-phase holdup, and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles are measured in a full-scale airlift aerator as a function of applied air flow rate. A model that predicts oxygen transfer based on discrete-bubble principles is applied. The riser DO profiles are used to calculate the initial bubble size. The range of calculated bubble diameters obtained using the model is 2.3–3.1 mm. The Sauter-mean diameter of bubbles measured in the laboratory ranged from 2.7 to 3.9 mm. The riser and downcomer DO profiles and gas holdups predicted by the model are in close agreement with the experimental results. A model that predicts water flow rate based on an energy balance is used to calculate Kt, the frictional loss coefficient for the air–water separator. Excluding the data at the very lowest air flow rate, the range of calculated values for Kt (3–8) is close to a literature value of 5.5 proposed for hydrodynamically similar external airlift bioreactors. The models should prove useful in the design and optimization of airlift aerators.
Experimental study of diffusion flame oscillations and empirical correlations

Abstract A diagnostic tool, the cadmium sulfide photocell, was used to study flame oscillation. This light sensitive device proved to be relatively accurate and cheap for measuring flame oscillations. This was done by measuring the light variations associated with – and as a result of – flame oscillation or flicker. It is speculated that the flame flow conditions and mechanisms responsible for flame oscillations are highly sensitive to various burner configurations. In the study, various burner configurations were placed inside an enclosure and the resulting flame oscillation frequency was measured. Considered were: (a) size of slot burner orifice, (b) size of slot burner nominal diameter, and (c) gas supply flow rate. Each of these variables was changed to determine whether the flame oscillation frequency followed the Von Karman vortex shedding or other models. It was shown that there is a strong relation between St and Fr numbers.
Effects of space environment on structural materials: A preliminary study and development of materials characterization protocols

A preliminary study of materials exposed in space in a low-earth orbit for nearly 6 years (in the NASA Long-Duration Exposure Facility) has revealed a wide range of micrometeorite or microparticle impact craters ranging in size from 1–100 μm diameter, debris particles from adjacent and distant materials systems, reaction products and other growth features on the specimen surfaces, and related phenomena. The exposed-surface features included finegrained and nearly amorphous materials as well as single-crystal particles. A replication-type, lift-off technique was developed to remove reaction products and debris from the specimen surfaces in order to isolate them from the background substrate without creating microchemical or microstructural artefacts or alterations. This resulted in surface features resting on a carbon support film which was virtually invisible to observation by electron microscopy and non-dispersive X-ray analysis. Characterization of these surface features involved observations by optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; including an analytical transmission electron microscope with a STEM attachment. The results illustrate a wide variety of materials phenomena which must be addressed in the evaluation of materials exposure in space, and the formidable materials characterization effort which will be necessary to understand these features.
Coherent Rayleigh Scattering

The spectrum of coherent scattering induced by electrostriction in gases has been analyzed in the previously unexplored, free-molecule limit by solving Boltzmann's equation with a periodic force due to the optical fields. Calculated and measured spectra of several gases at rarefied conditions are nearly Gaussian with widths approximately 10% wider than the spontaneous Rayleigh widths. Our results are the first spectrally resolved measurements of coherent Rayleigh scattering in the free-molecule limit, where the hydrodynamic analysis of stimulated Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering does not apply.
Cognitive Shocks: Scientific Discovery and Mobilization

Science, through the generation of new knowledge, has the ability to transform commonly held beliefs. Occasionally scientific discoveries produce “cognitive shocks”, which refer to new information ...
Further examples of the Lutheran Lu(-5) blood type.

Summary Further examples of the Lu(-5) blood type have been found in a family with three siblings, providing evidence that it is an inherited character. Parents of the propositus were second cousins but are dead and the family study is incomplete. The results of Lutheran, Lewis and ABH secretor studies do, however, give some positive evidence of the possibility of linkage between Lu, Lu5 and Secretor, and make linkage between Lu5 and Le unlikely.
Continence Mechanism of the Isolated Female Urethra: An Anatomical Study of the Intrapelvic Somatic Nerves

AbstractPurpose: A neuroanatomical study was initiated to gain better insight into the continence mechanism of the isolated urethra in women.Materials and Methods: We performed a detailed gross and histological neuroanatomical study to identify the intrapelvic somatic pathway from the sacral spinal cord to the female urethral sphincter. Gross anatomical dissection was performed in 5 formalin fixed female adult pelvises by tracing the autonomic nerves from the pelvic plexus and the spinal somatic nerves from S2-S4 to the urethral sphincter. Immunohistochemical staining of urethral step sections with a neuropeptide specific antibody was performed to demonstrate the course of the periurethral somatic nerves in relation to the vaginal wall.Results: Our study demonstrated an intrapelvic somatic pathway derived from the S2, S3 and S4 sacral roots, distinct from the peripheral pudendal nerve, supplying the levator ani and the urethra. The somatic nerves travel beneath the endopelvic fascia in close relation to t...
Period and glottal width irregularities in vocally normal speakers.

Summary Vocal fold vibratory irregularities can be caused by multiple factors. The underlying mechanism for irregularities is a difference in the mass or tension of the vibratory portion of the left versus the right vocal fold. The purpose of this study is to preliminarily investigate the prevalence of vocal fold vibratory irregularities in vocally normal speakers via high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV). Two aspects of irregularity, glottal width and period irregularity, were investigated in 52 vocally normal speakers undergoing videostroboscopy and HSV. The videostroboscopy and HSV recordings were processed and visually rated for glottal width and period irregularities. These ratings were also accomplished through the use of the novel digital kymography playback and from still kymographic images of the medial line of the vocal folds (mDKG). Objective measures of glottal width and period irregularities from the mDKG, and jitter and shimmer measures of the synchronously recorded acoustic waveforms, were also studied. The results suggest that period irregularities are less frequent in normophonic speakers than glottal width irregularities. However, more participants revealed acoustic jitter rather than acoustic shimmer above normal limits. Thus, speculation regarding the physiological source of these clinically used acoustic parameters continues. The lack of confidence in rating irregularity through stroboscopy and the discrepancies between visual ratings and objective measures requires future research efforts.
Exciplex fluorescence in inclusion complexes of naphthalene derivatives

Abstract Electronic excitation of compounds 3–5 complexed within the cavity of cyclophane 1 in aqueous solution produces host-guest exciplexes fluorescing at 420 nm. When cyclophane 2 is employed, the complexed guests fluoresce only as monomers. The ratio of exciplex vs. complexed monomer fluorescence is influenced by steric interactions between the host and complexed guest.
THE ENHANCING EFFECT OF AZOPROTEINS ON THE LESIONS PRODUCED BY VACCINE VIRUS, THE SHOPE FIBROMA VIRUS, AND THE AGENT TRANSMITTING CHICKEN TUMOR I

It is known that azoprotein solutions, like testicular extracts, possess the property of causing particles to spread through the dermis. The present work shows that azoproteins exhibit, like testicular extract, the power to increase the size of virus lesions in the skin of rabbits, and the size of tumors in chickens. The results indicate that the extent of the lesion is roughly proportional to the spreading power of the solution. This suggests that the spread of the infective material, over a larger area of skin, is directly responsible for the enhancing effect. The production of extensive lesions by means of spreading agents may have a practical value when large amounts of working material are needed.
Fatty acid derivatives and glycolipids in high‐protein bakery products

High-protein bakery foods, particularly breads, are ideal for alleviating protein malnutrition in poverty areas of the world. Fortifying wheat flour with a high level of protein-rich additives like soy flour can, however, induce adverse effects upon dough properties and bread quality. Several fatty acid derivatives, including sucroesters, fatty esters of polyalkoxylated polyoglycosides, sodium or calcium stearoyl-2 lactylate, and ethoxylated monoglycerides and glycolipids, recently have been shown to improve effectively the baking performance of wheat flour fortified with soy flour. The nutritional benefits of high-protein breads are reported with results from feeding studies using the breads in diets of experimental rats. The possible mechanisms concerning the improving action of fatty acid derivatives are proposed and discussed.
Mood and Memory Changes in Asthmatic Children Receiving Corticosteroids

Abstract Each of 27 severely asthmatic 8− to 16-year-old children was evaluated at high (61.5 mg/day) and low (3.33 mg/day) steroid levels. At the high steroid level, patients reported increased depressive and anxious symptoms and performed less proficiently on a test of long-term verbal memory. No high-low steroid differences were found on measures of attention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, or motor control. The mood and memory differences were not associated with order of high and low dose, theophylline levels, or pulmonary function. Changes were generally subtle, and no evidence of steroid-induced psychiatric disturbance was documented.
Stable viscosity matrices for systems of conservation laws

Abstract A natural class of appropriate viscosity matrices for strictly hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in one space dimension, u 1 + f ( u ) x = 0, uϵR m , is studied. These matrices are admissible in the sense that small-amplitude shock wave solutions of the hyperbolic system are shown to be limits of smooth traveling wave solutions of the parabolic system u t + f ( u ) x = v ( Du x ) x as ifv → 0 if D is in this class. The class is determined by a linearized stability requirement: The Cauchy problem for the equation u 1 + f ′( u 0 ) u x = vDu xx should be well posed in L 2 uniformly in v as v → 0. Previous examples of inadmissible viscosity matrices are accounted for through violation of the stability criterion.
Improved quantification of left ventricular function by applying signal averaging to echocardiographic acoustic quantification

The acoustic quantification technique for on-line detection of endocardial boundaries currently provides continuous left ventricular area or volume signals and beat-to-beat ejection fraction. However, the distortion of individual waveforms by noise results in a wide beat-to-beat variability in these parameters. We developed an automated algorithm for the evaluation of left ventricular function by averaging acoustic quantification signals. End-diastolic and end-systolic area, stroke area, and fractional area change are measured directly from the average waveform. Peak ejection and peak filling rates and time to peak filling rate are obtained from its time derivative. Area signals obtained from eight normal subjects were used to evaluate the performance of this algorithm. Parameters of left ventricular function obtained with the automated algorithm were highly consistent and in excellent agreement with those obtained by repeated manual operator-dependent selections. This algorithm provides a fast and easy method for noise reduction in acoustic quantification signals, which significantly improves the noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function.
Using zebrafish to study the biological impact of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles

The often-surprising emergent properties include toxicity. The number of new nanoparticles is growing, requiring risk evaluation. This review highlights nanotoxicology studies that use zebrafish (Danio rerio) adults and embryos as model organisms. Zebrafish have been adopted because they are well-accepted vertebrate model organisms that can be obtained in large, simultaneously developing cohorts that are transparent and easy to observe. Development of organs is extremely rapid, and acute effects on internal organ formation can be observed in living animals. Zebrafish are inexpensive to maintain. Work studying metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has shown that toxicity can be caused by the nanoparticles directly, and by dissolution of the component elements. Studies have included assessments of morphological and transcriptional changes; addressed characterisation issues, uptake and possible organ/tissue targets, mechanisms of toxicity, dissolution, aggregation, and sedimentation. More recent work has explored long term effects of exposure as life cycle studies are now being reported.
Modified EN Support for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicate a wide range of critical illnesses in the intensive care unit (ICU), including sepsis, pneumonia, pancreatitis, and trauma. ARDS, the more severe form of lung injury, is associated with a fatality rate of approximately 30% in the medical-surgical ICU. 1,2 Because patients with ALI or ARDS are at risk for malnutrition and are potentially immunocompromised, they are often given specialized nutrition support. 3 In this issue of JPEN, Pontes-Arruda and coworkers 4 combined the data of their previously published clinical trials 5-7 regarding the use of an eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/ γ-linolenic acid (GLA) fat-enriched enteral formula for patients with ALI and ARDS into a meta-analysis designed to examine potential clinical outcome benefits over a commercially available ω-6 fat-enriched enteral feeding formula. Their analysis demonstrated marked physiologic and, more important, significant clinical benefits from the provision of an EPA/GLA fat-enriched enteral formula when compared with an ω-6 fat-enriched enteral feeding regimen. They found that the specialized formula resulted in a 60% reduction in 28-day mortality, an 83% reduction in the risk of developing new organ failure, a significant reduction in ventilator-dependent days (from a mean of 17 days to 12 days), and a decreased length of stay in the ICU (from a mean of 15 days to 11 days) when compared with an ω-6 fat-enriched enteral formula. This study does have some limitations. For a metaanalysis, the study suffers from a small patient population derived from a group of 3 studies. 5-7 It is pertinent to note that this limitation is not the fault of the investigators, as these 3 studies are the only full paper publications that examined both physiologic and clinical outcomes at the time the meta-analysis was performed and at the time this
Modified Fenestrated Stent Grafts: Device Design, Modifications, Implantation, and Current Applications:

Patients with aneurysms with short or angulated necks and those with involvement of the renal, visceral, and hypogastric arteries may not be candidates for endovascular treatment using infrarenal stent graft. Fenestrated stent grafts with reinforced fenestrations permit the incorporation of the visceral and renal arteries into the endovascular repair enabling an adequate proximal sealing zone. These devices require a 6-week to 8-week period for customization and are not currently commercially available in the United States. Modified fenestrated stent grafts may have a future role in the compassionate treatment of selected high-risk patients with complex aneurysms who otherwise would not have access to a manufactured fenestrated stent graft, or for those in need of urgent or emergent repair because of impending or contained ruptured, rapidly expanding or excessively large aneurysm. The authors have used modified fenestrated stent grafts selectively in patients with large aortoiliac, juxtarenal, pararenal, ...
Research Note: Influence of Fat Content on Oxidative Stability of Cooked Chicken Thigh Patties During Frozen Storage

Abstract The effect of fat content on oxidative stability of frozen, cooked chicken patties was investigated. Chicken thigh meat patties formulated to contain 5, 10, 15, and 20% fat were cooked to 73 C, packaged in styrofoam trays overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride film, and stored at −20 C for 0, 3, 6, and 9 mo. The development of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) in the patties was monitored as an indication of product oxidative stability. The TBA-RS values were not affected by fat content or storage time except those stored for 9 mo. Cooked chicken thigh meat patties containing up to 20% fat may be stored at −20 C for up to 6 mo without changing lipid quality.
Using text N-grams for model suggestions in 3D scenes

Creating 3D scenes requires artistic skill and is time-consuming. A key challenge is finding novel models to place in a partial scene. We present a new algorithm to propose relevant models by leveraging text data. Our algorithm takes a partially completed 3D scene as input and a user-specified region of interest. It then suggests additional models according to the point-wise mutual information between the labels of nearby models in the scene and the labels of models in the database. We show that our text-based system suggests more models that result in model arrangements not observed in the training corpus, compared to a Graph Kernel system that trains on 3D scene data. Furthermore, combining the Graph Kernel system with our new system increases the number of unobserved model arrangements for the Graph Kernel, with higher precision according to human evaluators.
Energy-aware routing protocol for ad hoc wireless sensor networks

Wireless ad hoc sensor networks differ from wireless ad hoc networks from the following perspectives: low energy, lightweight routing protocols, and adaptive communication patterns. This paper proposes an energy-aware routing protocol (EARP) suitable for ad hoc wireless sensor networks and presents an analysis for its energy consumption in various phases of route discovery and maintenance. Based on the energy consumption associated with route request processing, EARP advocates the minimization of route requests by allocating dynamic route expiry times. This paper introduces a unique mechanism for estimation of route expiry time based on the probability of route validity, which is a function of time, number of hops, and mobility parameters. In contrast to AODV, EARP reduces the repeated flooding of route requests by maintaining valid routes for longer durations.
Application-based requirements for data linked winds aloft

The winds aloft are important for choosing flight trajectories and predicting arrivals or conflicts in airspace. Frequent samples of the winds aloft taken by aircraft can contribute to better weather forecasting, and they can also be used directly in flight applications. The applicability of wind measurements by in-trail aircraft for trajectory arrival forecasting was investigated. The results are used to recommend wind sampling parameters by aircraft and to assess the impact of wind report downlinks on Mode S data link loadings. It is pointed out that reports of winds and temperatures aloft are already operationally implemented and can be contributed by multiple data links to multiple air and ground users in the future. Even if only Mode S data link is relied upon, the downlink utilization should be tolerable. While constant report rates up to 10 minutes per aircraft may suffice as forecast inputs, real-time en route and terminal ATC applications require decreasing per-aircraft sampling periods with airspace utilization. It is concluded that this and data link constraints argue for the contract polling mode, putting responsibility on the applications themselves for defining sampling parameters of each aircraft. >
Leadership Learning through Student-Centered and Inquiry-Focused Approaches to Teaching Adaptive Leadership

This qualitative study examines student learning about leadership across three sections of a capstone course in an undergraduate leadership minor. Qualitative methods were informed by exploratory case study analysis and phenomenology. Student-centered and inquiry-focused pedagogical approaches, including case-inpoint, action inquiry, and problem-based learning, informed classroom teaching and the classroom environment. Engaged in pedagogy steeped in a balance of challenge and support, students gained an increased sense of self, clarity of purpose and vocation, and integration of their leadership practices in and out of the classroom. Students’ understandings of the concept of leadership were also broadened; they recognized the importance of diverse perspectives and roles, began to understand leadership as systemic and interdependent, and emphasized relationship building. Findings suggest three prominent experiences as contributing to students’ learning – reflection, feedback, and engaging in the group process. Implications for leadership education are discussed and areas for future research are identified.
Using Customer-Level Response to Spot Prices to Design Pricing Options and Demand-Side Bids

This chapter presents estimates of customer-level demands for electricity by large and medium-sized industrial and commercial customers purchasing electricity according to half-hourly spot prices and demand charges from the England and Wales electricity market. The resulting models can be used to measure demand-altering effects arising from the imposition of arbitrary time varying and consumption-dependent energy and demand pricing structures, including alternative levels of supply reliability/interruptibility and stability or certainty of prices. Knowledge of customer-level electricity demands is critical to success in the evolving competitive business environment, as well as for the success of restructured electricity markets as a whole. Such knowledge is required to effectively forecast customer price responsiveness and demands, design pricing options to attract and maintain a profitable portfolio of customers, and demand-side bid to build a price response into the market demand used to determine market-clearing electricity and ancillary services prices.
InGaP/GaAs HBT RF power amplifier with compact ESD protection circuit

A 5.4-6.0 GHz InGaP/GaAs HBT power amplifier with a compact 2000 Vesd on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit that has low loading capacitance of less than 0.1 pF and does not degrade RF and output power performance is presented for wireless LAN application. In contrast to the traditional diode string, a diode triggered Darlington pair is implemented as the ESD protection circuit. This summary discusses the operation principle, ESD protection performance and RF loading of the ESD protection circuit, and the power amplifier performance with this ESD protection circuit.
Stability region analysis using sum of squares programming

We propose using (bilinear) sum of squares programming for enlarging a provable region of attraction of polynomial systems using polynomial Lyapunov functions. In order to keep the number of decision variables low, we propose the use of composite Lyapunov functions. We also present a method of finding outer bounds of attractive invariant sets for polynomial systems. Excellent results for some examples were obtained using the proposed methods and the PENBMI solver.
The future mobility of the world population

Abstract On average a person spends 1.1 h per day traveling and devotes a predictable fraction of income to travel. We show that these time and money budgets are stable over space and time and can be used for projecting future levels of mobility and transport mode. The fixed travel money budget requires that mobility rises nearly in proportion with income. Covering greater distances within the same fixed travel time budget requires that travelers shift to faster modes of transport. The choice of future transport modes is also constrained by path dependence because transport infrastructures change only slowly. In addition, demand for low-speed public transport is partially determined by urban population densities and land-use characteristics. We present a model that incorporates these constraints, which we use for projecting traffic volume and the share of the major motorized modes of transport—automobiles, buses, trains and high speed transport (mainly aircraft)—for 11 regions and the world through 2050. We project that by 2050 the average world citizen will travel as many kilometers as the average West European in 1990. The average American's mobility will rise by a factor of 2.6 by 2050, to 58,000 km/year. The average Indian travels 6000 km/year by 2050, comparable with West European levels in the early 1970s. Today, world citizens move 23 billion km in total; by 2050 that figure grows to 105 billion.
COOH terminus of membrane IgM is essential for an antigen-specific induction of some but not all early activation events in mature B cells

Transfectants of mature B cell lines that bind phosphorylcholine were made in order to understand the role of the COOH terminus of the mu chain of membrane IgM (mIgM) in generation of antigen-specific signals. A chimeric receptor (I-A alpha tail) was constructed by replacing 40 amino acids from the mu COOH terminus with that of major histocompatibility complex class II I-A alpha chain. The effect of wild-type and chimeric tails were studied on representative immediate-early antigen-specific signals. The I-A alpha tail hybrid, but not the wild-type receptor, was defective in antigen-driven Ca2+ mobilization, although it could effectively endocytose ligand-receptor complexes. Signal(s) transduced through the wild-type receptor led to transient induction of selected immediate-early gene messages (Egr-1, c-fos, Jun) above basal levels. However, the signal(s) generated after crosslinking of the I-A alpha tail receptor either showed no effect (c-fos) or actually repressed basal level expression of Egr-1 and Jun. Thus, we have established that receptor-mediated endocytosis can be distinguished from other early events associated with B cell activation, based on their differential dependence upon the structural fidelity of the COOH-terminal sequence of mIgM.
The Damage Mechanism Route to Better Armor Materials

This paper describes the mechanisms by which brittle materials are penetrated by impacting projectiles, links ballistic performance to fracture behavior, and in turn to microstructure, and suggests a route unexplored previously for achieving better armor materials. Fracture patterns on cross sections through partially penetrated glass and ceramic targets show that deep penetration proceeds by the crushing and subsequent flow of fragments away from the projectile path. Preliminary finite element simulations indicate the likely positive effect of increasing frictional flow resistance of fragments. Tests are envisioned for measuring crush and fragment flow behavior, showing the effects of microstructural variables, guiding mathematical models, and hence leading to a capability to design computationally improved armor materials and structures.
Flaxseed modulates inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in cystic fibrosis: a pilot study

Cystic fibrosis (CF) leads to advanced lung disease despite aggressive care. Persistent inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to exacerbations and disease progression. Flaxseed (FS), a dietary botanical supplement with high fiber, lignan phenolics, and omega-3 fatty acids has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in murine models of acute and chronic lung injury. This pilot study was designed to determine whether CF patients could tolerate FS, evaluate circulating FS metabolites, and study biomarkers of lung damage, as a prelude to studying clinical outcomes. 10 CF patients and 5 healthy volunteers consumed 40 g of FS daily for 4 weeks with safety and tolerability being assessed. Urine was evaluated for systemic oxidative stress and plasma for FS metabolites (enterolignans) and cytokine levels. Buccal swabs were analyzed for gene expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes including Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). All subjects completed the study without serious adverse events. Plasma levels of enterolignans were detectable in both healthy controls and CF volunteers. CF patients were stratified based on plasma enterolignan levels after 2 weeks of FS administration into high- (174 to 535 nM ED and 232 to 1841 nM EL) and low- (0 to 32 nM ED and 0 to 40 nM EL) plasma lignan cohorts. The low enterolignan level cohort experienced a statistically significant drop in urinary inflammatory IsoP and plasma TNFα levels, while demonstrating higher average NQO1 mRNA levels in buccal epithelium compared to high-lignan patients. This pilot study demonstrated that FS is tolerated by CF patients. FS metabolites could be detected in the plasma. Future studies will assess appropriate dosing and target populations for FS, while exploring clinical outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02014181 .
Dose-rate field of the HERMES III flash X-ray source

Measurements show that the HERMES III flash X-ray source produces a peak dose-rate radiation field of (5+or-0.5)*10/sup 12/ rad(Si)/s over a useful area of 1000 cm/sup 2/, with a pulse width of approximately 20 ns. The primary goals of HERMES III were to produce a radiation pulse with an FWHM (full width, half maximum) of approximately 20 ns, a peak dose rate of 5*10/sup 12/ rad(Si)/s, and a dose-rate variation of less than a factor of two over a 500-cm/sup 2/ area. The secondary goals were to keep the dose-rate variation less than a factor of four over the volume defined by extending the 500-cm/sup 2/ area downstream by 15 cm and to maintain a minimum dose rate over this volume in excess of 2.5*10/sup 12/ rad(Si)/s. The dose and dose-rate pulse were measured in the hostile near-field region, where dose rates exceed 10/sup 12/ rad(Si)/s, and in the far-field region, when the diode is operated with a 53-cm anode-cathode gap. Specifically, it is shown that operation with a 53-cm gap permits both the primary and secondary goals to be achieved. The model predictions of radiation-pulse shape and width in the intense near-field and far-field regions are in excellent agreement with the measurements. >
On the Self-regulatory Dynamics Created by the Peculiar Benefits and Costs of Narcissism: A Contextual Reinforcement Model and Examination of Leadership

A new model of narcissism is presented, the contextual reinforcement model. This model describes an area where narcissism will be largely beneficial to the self and, to a lesser extent, to others. This “emerging zone” includes situations involving unacquainted individuals, early-stage relationships, and short-term contexts. The costs of narcissism are seen primarily in the “enduring zone.” These are situations involving acquainted individuals, continuing relationships, and long-term consequences. A dynamic in which narcissists cyclically return to the emerging zone is described. Research on the functioning of narcissism in leadership settings is presented as a case study of the contextual reinforcement model. Implications for understanding self-enhancement more broadly are discussed.
IMAGE-MAKING MOVEMENTS: WELSH NATIONALISM AND STEREOTYPE TRANSFORMATION

Despite much scholarly interest in stereotyping, stigma, and collective identity construction, collective action aimed at changing negative ethnic images has received little attention. Using Welsh national- ism as an " image-making movement," this analysis shows how activists use framing strategies to construct a positive alternative image. Specie cally, image makers use symbols of difference, dominance, resistance and tran- scendence, drawn from their own history and culture, as " frame aligners" that link their claims about themselves to values from the dominant cul- ture. Yet their opponents also mobilize competing values to resist these claims. The analysis suggests that collective identities are transformed both through cone ict between dominant and oppositional cultures, and through cone ict within competing elements of the dominant culture itself. Data include interviews with Welsh " image makers," nationalist publications, and editorials in mainstream British newspapers.
Dynamical localization in spiral microresonators

We consider double spiral design of dielectric microresonators. Unlike the conventional systems, based on stable ray trajectories, this device takes advantage of chaotic ray dynamics and dynamical localization, to control mode lifetime and emission directionality. We develop theoretical description of the proposed system performance and consider its applications.
Refined theory of twisted and curved composite beams - The role of short-wavelength extrapolation

The present paper continues earlier work of the authors, in which an asymptotically-correct beam theory with nonclassical sectional degrees of freedom was developed. The basis for the theory is the variational-asymptotical method, a mathematical technique by which the three-dimensional analysis of composite beam deformation can be split into a linear, two-dimensional, cross-sectional analysis and a nonlinear, one-dimensional, beam analysis. The elastic constants used in the beam analysis are obtained from the crosssectional analysis, which also yields approximate, closedform expressions for three-dimensional distributions of displacement, strain, and stress. Such theories are known to be valid when a characteristic dimension of the cross section is small relative to the wavelength of the deformation. However, asymptotically-correct refined theories may differ according to how they are extrapolated into the shortwavelength regime. Thus, there is n o unique asymptoticallycorrect refined theory of higher order than classical (EulerBernoulli-like) theory. Different short-wavelength extrapolations can be obtained by changing the meaning of the theory's one-dimensional variables. Numerical results for the stiffness constants of refined beam theories and for deformations from corresponding one-dimensional theory are presented. It is shown that a theory can be asymptotically correct and still have non-positive-definite strain energy density, which is completely inappropriate mathematically and physically. A refined beam theory, which appropriately possesses a positive-definite strain energy density and agrees quite well with experimental results, is constructed by using a certain short-wavelength extrapolation.
Improving community access for breast cancer screening.

CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts Abstract #5016 Background: The Breast Health Outreach Program (BHOP) at the University of Tennessee Medical Center's Cancer Institute began in 1996 delivery breast health education and mobile mammography to underserved areas in East Tennessee. Through grant funding, dedicated personnel and community support, the program is able to provide breast health services to 25 East Tennessee counties. Study Design: The BHOP is designed to deliver culturally and educationally sensitive breast health education classes prior to onsite mobile mammography screening. Thirty-minute classes inform women of appropriate, best breast health practices, eliminate fears associated with mammography and encourage women to obtain annual screening. Once relationships are established, the BHOP is offered annually in churches, industrial work sites, and community centers. ![][1] Results: Since 1996, the BHOP has educated over 13,500 women, delivered approximately 8,800 screening mammograms and diagnosed 20 cancers. As delivery processes improved, 6,851 screening mammograms were provided between 2002 and 2006 with 1,080 women receiving their first-ever mammogram. Fourteen breast cancers were diagnosed in this period. Further data analysis from this time period reveals increases in education, screenings, first-ever mammograms and diagnosed cancers. Conclusions: Mobile mammography is becoming "standard" in rural communities of East Tennessee. Most of the women now participating in the program have had previous mammograms through the BHOP. Each year the BHOP has increased the number of women obtaining their first-ever mammogram by targeting new sites. Companies and communities are moving to support healthy living practices and providing healthier environments for employees and their families. As the BHOP has matured and become widely recognized, measures of program effectiveness have improved. Future areas for research will address longitudinal data tracking to assess mortality impact and early diagnosis trends. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5016. [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Growth of single crystal, oriented SnO2 nanocolumn arrays by aerosol chemical vapour deposition

A single-step, template-free aerosol chemical vapor deposition (ACVD) method is demonstrated to grow well-aligned SnO2 nanocolumn arrays. The ACVD system parameters, which control thin film morphologies, were systematically explored to gain a qualitative understanding of nanocolumn growth mechanisms. Key growth variables include feed rates, substrate temperature, and deposition time. System dynamics relating synthesis variables to aerosol characteristics and processes (collision and sintering) are elucidated. By adjusting system parameters, control of the aspect ratio, height, and crystal structure of columns is demonstrated. A self-catalyzed (SnO2 particles) vapor–solid (VS) growth mechanism, whereby a vapor–particle deposition regime results in the formation of nanocrystals that act as nucleation sites for the preferential formation and growth of nanocolumns, is proposed and supported. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the preferential orientation of thin films is a function of the system redox conditions, further supporting the proposed VS growth mechanism. When taken together, these results provide quantitative insight into the growth mechanism(s) of SnO2 nanocolumn thin films via ACVD, which is critical for engineering these, and other, nanostructured films for direct incorporation into functional devices.
Negotiating Time: Design as Historical Practice

In North Jakarta, the bulldozed remnants of the April 11 (2016) eviction of Kampung Pasar Ikan presented a site of radical transformation and urban planning. The eviction was in part motivated by a Dutch-Indonesian alliance, to construct a 40 billion USD sea wall and reclaimed islands to prevent the city from slowly sinking. In this text we start by asking, how are people living in Pasar Ikan responding to and enacting their own futures through repair? What does repair in a landscape of complete disrepair look like? And how is history both erased and enacted in this process? We then move to West Kalimantan where a DIY drone collective makes aerial drone technology and trains groups to map land that they say is vulnerable to incursions by resource developers. We ask, how is the forest located, recognized and constituted by these and other cartographic practices? Whose time and in what time are forest boundaries set and reset by mapping techniques in West Kalimantan? How do these cartographies become artifacts that travel and influence how history is thought and practiced?
Oral-Motor Function in Rett Syndrome

The communication skills, oral-motor function and respiration patterns of 20 girls with Rett syndrome were studied at the Crippled Childrens Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR.
Parent Responses to Pediatric Headache

Parent and child report measures of the frequency and quality of parent responses to children’s recurrent headache were evaluated for 153 pediatric patients at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, using a 16-item scale modeled after part II of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory, which assesses patients’ perceptions of others’ responses to pain, and a Child Behavior Checklist, to assess parent perceptions of the child’s behavioral responses.
CRAMES: compressed RAM for embedded systems

Memory is a scarce resource in many embedded systems. Increasing memory often increases packaging and cooling costs, size, and energy consumption. This paper presents CRAMES, an efficient software-based RAM compression technique for embedded systems. The goal of CRAMES is to dramatically increase effective memory capacity without hardware design changes, while maintaining high performance and low energy consumption. To achieve this goal, CRAMES takes advantage of an operating system's virtual memory infrastructure by storing swapped-out pages in compressed format. It dynamically adjusts the size of the compressed RAM area, protecting applications capable of running without it from performance or energy consumption penalties. In addition to compressing working data sets, CRAMES also enables efficient in-RAM filesystem compression, thereby further increasing RAM capacity. CRAMES was implemented as a loadable module for the Linux kernel and evaluated on a battery-powered embedded system. Experimental results indicate that CRAMES is capable of doubling the amount of RAM available to applications. Execution time and energy consumption for a broad range of examples increase only slightly, by averages of 0.35% and 4.79%. In addition, this work identifies the software-based compression algorithms that are most appropriate for low-power embedded systems.
More Complex Models for Random Durations

This chapter considers aleatory models that allow for a non-constant rate. Such models are often used in risk assessment for recovery and repair. Three commonly used distributions are treated: Weibull, lognormal, and gamma. Bayesian model checking is covered using posterior predictive checks and information criteria based on a penalized likelihood function. Also covered is the impact of parameter uncertainty on derived quantities, such as nonrecovery probabilities; failure to consider parameter uncertainty can lead to nonconservatively low estimates of such quantities, and thus to overall risk metrics that are nonconservative.
The waterbug sub-surface sampler: Design, control and analysis

Monitoring and predicting water quality poses significant challenges. Collecting enough information to characterize bodies of water is a critical bottleneck. Collecting data and samples from the surface all the way to the bottom over a short period of time would give water scientists the best spatio-temporal picture. In this paper, we present a small, light-weight, inexpensive water sensing and sampling robot, the “Waterbug”, capable of descending to depths up to 10m, collecting sensor information and a water sample, and returning to the surface. The water sampler also has limited capability to adjust buoyancy to hold depth for the purpose of measuring environmental conditions at specific locations in the water column. It is small enough that a single scientist could carry several in a backpack or it could be deployed by other robotic systems. The low cost of the node makes it feasible for blanket deployment. No tools are required for field servicing and the sample collection chamber is a common syringe that can be swapped quickly for redeployment. The main challenge was developing the system model and algorithm for achieving neutral buoyancy in the presence of system and initial condition variance. Over a range of conditions, we were able to achieve an 80% success rate for meeting the neutral buoyancy criteria and a 100% success rate in capturing a sample and returning to the surface.