cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biobibliometric profiling: An examination of multifaceted approaches to scholarship

We conducted a fine-grained prosopography of six distinguished information scientists to explore commonalities and differences in their approaches to scholarly production at different stages of their careers. Specifically, we gathered data on authors' genre preferences, rates and modes of scholarly production, and coauthorship patterns. We also explored the role played by gender and place in determining mentoring and collaboration practices across time. Our biobibliometric profiles of the sextet reveal the different shapes a scholar's career can take. We consider the implications of our findings for new entrants into the academic marketplace. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Blaise Cronin, being Editor-in-Chief of JASIST, was uninvolved in the review process, which was handled entirely by Jonathan Furner, an associate editor of the Journal.)
Effects of pH on excystation of Gregarina cuneata and Gregarina polymorpha (Eugregarinida : Gregarinidae)

The mechanisms that signal gregarine excystation are unknown. Previous authors have demonstrated that gregarine sporozoites excyst from their surrounding oocyst in response to stimuli contained in host digestive fluids, but the role of host intestinal pH in this signaling system has not been investigated. In this study, an in vitro assay is used to quantify the effects of 3 pH levels (6.1, 7.0, 8.0) on the excystation of two gregarine species, Gregarina cuneata and Gregarina polymorpha. Both gregarine species excyst at all three pH levels, but there are significant within and among species differences in excystation rate and cumulative excystation over time. Gregarina cuneata excysts more rapidly at pH 6.0 and G. polymorpha excysts more rapidly at pH 8.0. Cumulative excystation is maximized at pH 6.0 for G. cuneata and at pH 7.0 for G. polymorpha. Hydrogen ion mediated excystation may lead to the formation of foci for subsequent establishment or migration and may play a role in parasite site specificity.
Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis associated with long-term tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal women.

Background Symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis is rare in postmenopausal subjects because of the estrogendependence of this infection. Tamoxifen, a breast-cancer cell estrogen-antagonist, has not previously been reported to predispose to vulvovaginal candidiasis. Cases Three postmenopausal women, age range 60–81 years (mean 71), were identified with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. In all three cases, new onset of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis followed daily tamoxifen therapy. The duration of prior tamoxifen therapy was 1–7 years (mean 3.5). One patient had diabetes mellitus, an additional risk factor for vulvovaginal candidiasis. In all three patients, Candida glabrata was identified as the causal pathogen, although in two patients symptomatic episodes caused by Candida albicans also occurred. In all cases, diagnosis was easily established using conventional investigations, and eradication of vulvovaginal candidiasis was possible without cessation of tamoxifen. Conclusion Long-term tamoxifen treatment may be complicated by recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in postmenopausal women.
Wage rate, nonlabor income, and labor supply in rats

Abstract Thirsty rats pressed a lever for water under fixed-ratio schedules, with or without free water at the start of the 1-hr session. Total water intake fell steadily as the fixed-ratio requirement increased; when the fixed-ratio requirements covered a relatively broad range, total lever presses rose and then fell as the requirement increased. Free water decreased total lever presses but increased total intake, especially at the higher fixed-ratio requirements; its effect on total intake proved relatively hard to detect, but grew more apparent as the amount of free water increased. The results conformed more closely to a recent revision of the conservation model than to the original model. By viewing milliliters per press as a wage rate, and free water as nonlabor income, results are brought to bear on predictions derived from economic labor supply theory. In economic terms, rising wage rates were accompanied by a rise followed by a fall in total labor supply, but a steady rise in total income, in conformity with the backward bending labor supply curve. Nonlabor income cut the supply of labor but raised total income, especially at the lower wage rates.
Hard solar flare X-ray bursts on 8 December 1970.

Hard X-ray bursts have been observed from two 1B flares located in the same sunspot region and separated in time by about 70 minutes on Dec. 8, 1970. The bursts are composed by many 'flashes' of 2 to 20 seconds duration. Power spectrum analysis reveals no strong periodicities although a significant peak appears at 7.5 sec. The characteristic times of 2 to 20 sec do not seem likely to be electron transit times since the flare size is so small. These times are evidently connected with the acceleration of the electrons. Fitting Takakura's model of the radio noise region to the observations, this region is found to be small, but the density of electrons above 100 keV is high, on the order of 10 million per cu cm.
Identification of a Cell Population That Produces Alpha/Beta Interferon In Vitro and In Vivo in Response to Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

In vitro infection of bovine cells of many origins with the cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (cpBVDV) results in the induction of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-/), whereas noncytopathogenic BVDV (ncpBVDV) isolates have been shown not to induce IFN-/ in vitro. Similarly, cpBVDV induces IFN-/ in the early bovine fetus, but ncpBVDV does not. However, acute infection of naive cattle with ncpBVDV results in IFN-/ production. In this study, we identified and characterized a minor population of cells, present in lymph nodes that produce IFN- in response to ncpBVDV. These cells expressed the myeloid markers CD14, CD11b, and CD172a but did not express CD4 and CD45RB. We also established that these cells produced IFN- in the absence of detectable productive infection. The pestiviruses—bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), clas- sical swine fever virus, and border disease virus of sheep, to- gether with the flaviviruses and hepatitis C virus—are a closely related group of small enveloped viruses, the Flaviviridae, with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of approxi- mately 12.5 kb (17). Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) exists as two biotypes differentiated by their effects in cell culture. In vitro infection of bovine cells of many origins with the cytopathogenic (cp) isolate results in the induction of alpha/beta interferon (IFN- /) (1). Noncytopathogenic (ncp) BVDV isolates have been shown not to induce IFN-/ in vitro (1, 7, 20) and to block the induction of IFN by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or infec- tion with other viruses (21, 22). Recent studies have shown that noncytopathogenic (ncp) isolates prevent IFN induction by inhibiting the binding of interferon regulatory factor 3 to DNA, following its nuclear translocation (2). Similarly, cpBVDV induces IFN-/ in the early bovine fetus, but ncp- BVDV fails to do so (5). In contrast, infection of postnatal cattle with ncpBVDV results in elevated circulating IFN-/ levels for up to 8 days postchallenge (6). The cellular source of IFN-/ in response to ncpBVDV has yet to be determined, although it was identified that blood leukocytes were not pro- ducing IFN-/. Also, we have shown that acute infection of calves with cpBVDV does not result in detectable quantities of circulating IFN-/, which contrasts with the potent induction of IFN-/ in vitro (1). In this study, we have reconciled these apparently contrasting effects of ncp and cp virus on the in- duction of IFN-/ in vitro and in vivo. To further explain these differences, we have used a subcutaneous challenge model to identify in which local anatomical sites IFN-/ is produced by ncpBVDV and cpBVDV isolates. These investi- gations were extended to identify the IFN-/-producing cells, the phenotype of which has not been previously described in cattle. Furthermore, we have established that ncpBVDV can stimulate IFN-/ production from a partially purified popu- lation of these cells in vitro.
Process for rapid detection of fratricidal defects on optics using linescan phase-differential imaging

Phase-defects on optics used in high-power lasers can cause light intensification leading to laser-induced damage of downstream optics. We introduce Linescan Phase Differential Imaging (LPDI), a large-area dark-field imaging technique able to identify phase-defects in the bulk or surface of large-aperture optics with a 67 second scan-time. Potential phase-defects in the LPDI images are indentified by an image analysis code and measured with a Phase Shifting Diffraction Interferometer (PSDI). The PSDI data is used to calculate the defects potential for downstream damage using an empirical laser-damage model that incorporates a laser propagation code. A ray tracing model of LPDI was developed to enhance our understanding of its phase-defect detection mechanism and reveal limitations.
O6-methylguanine accumulates in DNA of mammary glands after administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to rats.

Summary N -Methyl- N -nitrosourea (MNU) induces mammary carcinoma in female rats when given intravenously. After a single intravenous dose of N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (5 mg/100 g body wt.), we were unable to detect a shift of rat mammary gland DNA on an alkaline sucrose gradient. However, the alkylated products in DNA. 7-methylguanine and O 6 -methylguanine, were determined at various times following treatment with N -methyl- N -nitrosourea. O 6 -Methylguanine was removed from the DNA at a slower rate than 7-methylguanine and increased in the DNA with a second injection of N -methyl- N -nitrosourea. 3-Methyladenine was not detected in DNA from the mammary gland of the rat. These data support previous work with brain and bladder that suggest the persistence of O 6 -methylguanine in DNA might be involved in the induction of cancer by N -methyl- N -nitrosourea.
Low extracellular magnesium induces intracellular free Mg deficits, ischemia, depletion of high-energy phosphates and cardiac failure in intact working rat hearts: A 31P-NMR study

Abstract Hemodynamic and 31 P-NMR spectroscopic studies were performed on intact, perfused working rat hearts exposed to low (0.3 mM) extracellular Mg([Mg 2+ ] o ). Low [Mg 2+ ] o perfusion resulted in rapid and significant falls in cardiac output, coronary flow, stroke volume, developed pressure and the rate-pressure product. Concomitant with this O 2 consumption decreased and lactate production increased. Hearts perfused with 0.3 mM, instead of 1.2 mM, [Mg 2+ ] o exhibited significant reductions in [ATP], [PCr], intracellular free Mg ([Mg 2+ ] i ), and pH i ; a marked rise in intracellular P i corresponding to a precipitous fall in the cytosolic phosphorylation potential was seen. Reintroduction of 1.2 mM [Mg 2+ ] o failed to reestablish either normal hemodynamics, or high-energy phosphates and intracellular P i , suggesting irreversible myocyte injury. These observations are consistent with the tenet that low [Mg 2+ ] o can result in marked reduction in oxygen and substrate delivery to the cardiac myocytes, probably as a result of coronary vasocontriction.
Curvature-induced dielectrophoresis for continuous separation of particles by charge in spiral microchannels

The separation of particles from a heterogeneous mixture is critical in chemical and biological analyses. Many methods have been developed to separate particles in microfluidic devices. However, the majority of these separations have been limited to be size based and binary. We demonstrate herein a continuous dc electric field driven separation of carboxyl-coated and noncoated 10 μm polystyrene beads by charge in a double-spiral microchannel. This method exploits the inherent electric field gradients formed within the channel turns to manipulate particles by dielectrophoresis and is thus termed curvature-induced dielectrophoresis. The spiral microchannel is also demonstrated to continuously sort noncoated 5 μm beads, noncoated 10 μm beads, and carboxyl-coated 10 μm beads into different collecting wells by charge and size simultaneously. The observed particle separation processes in different situations are all predicted with reasonable agreements by a numerical model. This curvature-induced dielectrophoresis technique eliminates the in-channel microelectrodes and obstacles that are required in traditional electrode- and insulator-based dielectrophoresis devices. It may potentially be used to separate multiple particle targets by intrinsic properties for lab-on-a-chip applications.
The effect of tuftsin and splenectomy on mortality after intraabdominal sepsis

A murine model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to test the effect of tuftsin, with or without splenectomy, on mortality following intraabdominal sepsis. There were no deaths among shamoperated control mice after ether anesthesia, whereas CLP produced an 100% mortality by 24 hr. When CLP was followed at 16 hr by excision of the cecum and saline peritoneal lavage, the mortality rate was 20% at 24 hr and 60% at 72 hr. When tuftsin (1 mg/kg) was given only at 0, 12, and 24 hr in the CLPE model, the mortality rates were not significantly lower than CLPE alone (10% at 24 hr, 40% at 72 hr). When the tuftsin dose was increased to every 12 hr for 3 days, the mortality fell significantly to 0 and 13.5% at 24 and 72 hr (P less than 0.05 chi 2 vs CLPE ). Splenectomy 2 weeks prior to CLPE did not alter mortality (11% at 24 hr, 53% at 72 hr). When tuftsin was administered to the splenectomized animals undergoing CLPE , mortality did not change significantly (13.5% at 24 hr, 38% at 72 hr). These data suggest that tuftsin can confer protection from sepsis in animals with normal spleens, but it must be given longitudinally to be effective optimally. Splenectomy followed 2 weeks later by CLPE did not lead to increased mortality, and tuftsin did not reduce mortality in the asplenic animal.
Particle-hole states at high spin in 150Dy

Abstract The level scheme of the nucleus 150Dy up to spin around 40 was obtained using the reaction 114Cd(40Ar, 4n). Above spins 20 to 22 — the highest obtainable from the valence nucleons — the breaking of the 146Gd pproton and neutron cores occurs in separate parallel cascades.
Optically induced modulation in FM sideband injection-locked laser diodes

The spectrum of a slave laser in which two different wave-lengths are injected is investigated. A simple rate equation analysis is in reasonable agreement with the experiment and accounts for the asymmetrical response of the induced FM.
Brain Maturation Measured by Electroshock Seizures in Rats at High Altitude (12,470 ft.; 3,800 m)

Brain Maturation Measured by Electroshock Seizures in Rats at High Altitude (12,470 ft.; 3,800 m)
The effect of activation versus inhibition of feedback on perceived control of EEG activity

This study explores a model in which perceived control is affected by multiple sources of feedback at three different stages of the control sequence--person, response, and outcome. Behavior that enhances feedback is termed activation, while behavior that diminishes feedback is termed inhibition. The study tests the hypothesis that activation at any stage of the sequence leads to greater perceived control than inhibition. Eighty subjects increased or decreased their brain-wave activity (EEG) by making a tone go either on or off, using either an active or a passive strategy. Following 10 60-second trials, subjects rated their perception of control over their EEG activity. The hypothesis that making a tone go on (activation of the outcome) leads to a greater perception of control than making the tone go off (inhibition of the outcome) was confirmed only when subjects decreased their EEG activity. Perceived control was not significantly correlated with actual control, supporting the expectation that they are separately mediated. The results did not support the hypothesis that increasing EEG activity or using an activity strategy would lead to a greater perception of control than decreasing EEG or using a passive strategy. These findings are interpreted as evidence that attention to feedback may be necessary for the predicted bias in perceived control to occur, and that activation and inhibition should be operationalized as the absolute presence versus absence of feedback in testing the hypothesis for the first two stages of control.
Aggregated Markov processes and channel gating kinetics

A finite state Markov process is aggregated into several groups. Rather than observing the underlying Markov process, one is only able to observe the aggregated process. What can be learned about the underlying process from the aggregated one? Such questions arise in the study of gating mechanisms in ion channels in muscle and nerve cell membranes. We discuss some recent results and their implications.
Achieving selective assembly with template topography and ultrasonically induced fluid forces.

A site-selective self-assembly technique called templated assembly by selective removal is introduced. Initial experiments demonstrated selective assembly of 1.58 μm microspheres into shape-matched holes in a lithographically defined template. Very high frequency ultrasound selectively removes components from poorly matched holes. The successful demonstration of the technique was supported by detailed understanding and calculation of the kinematics of component removal in the ultrasonic field. The technique is expected to be scalable to smaller component sizes.
Understanding patient‐provider communication entered via a patient portal system

Our study examines patient-provider communication via a patient portal in a large medical center. Our study is based on 1172 interactions made among stakeholders concerning 100 patients who are randomly selected from the 2009 MyHealthAtVanderbilt.com (a patient portal at the Vanderbilt Medical Center) patient pool; among which, 35 use the patient portal for messages. The findings show a wide range of topics discussed and ways in which patients provide and seek information as well as express psychosocial and emotional needs. In addition, while the patient portal has advantages over traditional communication technologies, it was not the primary communication media for our study sample. More research is needed to better elucidate barriers to the use of patient portals and the optimal methods of communication in differing contexts.
Reproductive periodicity of meiobenthic copepods: Seasonal of continuous?

Much of the literature on meiofauna reproductive periodicity suggests continuous reproduction throughout the year. Field data collected over a two-year period in the North Inlet area, South Carolina (USA) indicate that the dominant meiobenthic copepods at each station sampled are in a reproductive state all year whereas less abundant species have distinct seasonal reproductive periods. Reproduction throughout the year is not restricted to, nor does it encompass all of, the interstitial copepods with a low number of eggs. In those species where seasonality is evident, there is a temporal separation of the most closely allied copepods, and when one species is present the other is absent. Alternation of reproductive cycles in these species reduces competition and allows for maximum resource utilization.
Discrete element modelling for process simulation in agriculture

This paper presents an overview of discrete element modelling (DEM) as a modelling technique for granular assemblies. It focusses on DEM for agricultural products and processes and discusses important algorithmic and physical issues connected to this domain. Existing applications in the literature are reviewed and an overview of ongoing DEM applications in the Laboratory for Agro-Machinery and Processing is presented.
Incidence of the small dens in dente

The term dens in dente in the past has referred to a markedly malformed tooth in which an invagination has occurred. If one accepts the definition o f Kitchin1 that a dens in dente is the result of maldevelopment of a single tooth because of an abnormal invagination and subsequent degree of enclosure o f tooth substance normally confined to an outside surface, then it becomes evident that there is only a difference in degree between the classi­ cal dens in dente, as exemplified by the distorted tooth in Figure 1, left, and the normally-shaped tooth in Figure 1, right. The latter tooth, no less than the former, has an enclosure o f tooth substance nor­ mally confined to an outside surface and therefore is as much a dens in dente as the example in Figure 1, left. This anomaly is so rare that it was not until 1947 that a case of bilateral dens in dente was reported in the literature. Since that time I have been able to find reference to only three other such cases, the last one reported by T oto2 in 1953. Hine,3 however, considered the small, expanded invagination to be a dens in dente and in 1936 prepared an exhibit demonstrating the gradations of invagi­ nations from the shallowest of lingual pits through the small dens in dente in this study to the huge deformed invaginations which were once thought to be the only dens in dente. Atkinson4 also considered the small invagination to be dens in dente, and in 1943 in a roentgenographic survey o f 500 patients found that 10 per cent were so affected. He did not specify, however, just what constituted his requirements. Shafer5 in 1953 in a roentgenographic survey o f patients edentulous and other­ wise found that 1.3 per cent showed clear evidence of expanded invaginations. Also in 1953 Hallett6 examined roent­ genograms o f 586, orthodontic patients whose ages ranged from 2 to 15. He found an incidence of 6.6 per cent of what he termed Class III and Class IV palatal invaginations of the incisors, which were expanded invaginations. He preferred to restrict the term dens in dente to the large invaginations.
Hydrogenation of cottonseed oil with reused catalyst

Cottonseed oil was hydrogenated using both new (Rufert catalyst flakes) and reused (up to five uses) catalysts at 130–169C, at a pressure of 45 psig, and with high degrees of agitation.
Rare‐Earth Niobates and TantaIates of Defect Fluorite‐ and Weberite‐Type Structures

By firing 3/1 mixtures of rare-earth oxide (A23+O3) and niobia or tantala (B26+O5) at high temperatures, compounds of composition A33+-B5+O7 may be prepared. The crystal structures of such compounds have been examined and two related types have been found. These are identified as a cubic defect fluorite or pyrochlore-like type and one analogous to orthorhombic weberite. Lanthanum and neodymium oxides form compounds with the orthorhombic structure, whereas with samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium, yttrium, and scandium oxides the compounds are cubic. For a given rare earth the lattice parameters of compounds prepared with either niobia or tantala are substantially the same. The division between the weberite-type and defect fluorite-type structures appears to depend primarily on the radius of the rare-earth cation, the cations of largest radii producing the deformed orthorhombic structure. The results are consistent with suggestions made by Aleshin and Roy in a recent discussion of the crystal chemistry of pyrochlore.
A case of fetal congenital epulis mimicking oral tumor detected by prenatal ultrasonography

Congenital epulis, a kind of hamartoma, is a very rare tumor, which appears in front of maxillary alveolar ridge in most cases, and accompanies no malformations. As the tumor protrudes from the oral cavity, it may lead to respiratory difficulties and feeding problems. Therefore it is important for pregnant women to receive comprehensive prenatal counseling with accurate diagnosis of the fetal oral tumor. We report a rare case of prenatal detection of oral tumor with a brief review of literatures, which was confirmed to be a congenital epulis or granular cell tumor after birth.
Localized Editing of Catmull-Rom Splines

Catmull-Rom (C-R) splines offer many useful modeling properties, such as affine invariance, global smoothness, and local control. They are therefore of great interest to Computer Aided Design (CAD) users. C-R splines are easily evaluated and are a good choice for interactive applications because they interpolate their control points and therefore provide an intuitive way to represent and edit curves in these applications. We have developed an interactive free-form surface-editing framework that uses Catmull-Rom splines for sketch-based editing. Mouse strokes are translated into splines that are used to define free-form surface deformations. Direct control point manipulation is provided for the modification of the splines. Unfortunately, the definition of C-R splines dictates that moving one control point only affects a small, fixed portion of the curve. In order to provide greater flexibility, control and expressiveness, we have developed techniques that expand and generalize the result of modifying one C-R control point. The techniques allow the user to define the range and type of influence that manipulation of a single control point may produce on a C-R curve, providing a versatile and powerful localized curve editing capability.
Arterial supply to sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes: imaging with multidetector CT.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the depiction of anatomic characteristics of the arterial supply to the sinuatrial node (SAN) and the atrioventricular node (AVN) with 64-section computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study; informed consent was not required. Anatomic origin, number, course, and variants of the arteries to the SAN and AVN were examined with coronary multidetector CT in 102 patients (55 men, 47 women; mean age, 57 years ± 13 [standard deviation]). Known accessory blood supplies to the AVN, including left and right Kugel anastomotic arteries, were investigated. Possible extension of the first septal perforating artery to the AVN was evaluated. Univariate and bivariate statistical data were reported. Means ± standard deviations, 95% confidence intervals, and percentages were calculated. Results: A single sinuatrial nodal artery originated from the proximal 40 mm of the right coronary artery (RCA) in 67 and from the pr...
Increase in Disability Prevalence Before Hip Fracture

Objective We sought to establish the prevalence and correlates of disability during the two years preceding hip fracture.
Hybrid DS/FH-CDMA system employing MT-FSK modulation for mobile radio

This paper presents an analytical evaluation of a direct-sequence/frequency-hopped code division multiple access (DS/FH-CDMA) system employing non-coherent multiple tone frequency shift keying (MT-FSK) modulation in a Rayleigh fading environment. Multiple-tones per symbol rather than single tone per symbol (as in conventional MFSK) is used to provide diversity in a frequency selective channel. In the performance evaluations, multiple access interference (MAI) has been taken into account and the capacity for uncoded as well as convolutionally coded systems have been calculated.
Cardiac Myosin Adenosinetriphosphatase of Rat and Mouse: Distinctive Enzymatic Properties Compared with Rabbit and Dog Cardiac Myosin

Cardiac myosin obtained from rats and mice (smaller animals) had a higher adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+) than did cardiac myosin from rabbits and dogs (larger animals). Structural differences between the two types of cardiac myosin were suggested by the lower apparent activation energy of the Ca2+ activated ATPase reaction catalyzed by cardiac myosin from the smaller animals and by the lower rate of inactivation of ATPase at pH 9.0. No evidence for activators of myosin ATPase was found in heart muscle or cardiac myosin from rats and mice. The cardiac myosin from these animals was also distinctive with respect to the pattern of activation and inhibition of ATPase by salts and sulfhydryl reagents. ATPase activity of cardiac myosin from the smaller animals was less sensitive to the inhibitory effect of KCl in the presence of Ca2+ and was not activated by N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting a difference in the myosin molecule at or near the active site. When sodium d...
Redefining the Applied Research Agenda Cooperative Learning, Prereferral, Teacher Consultation, and Peer-Mediated Interventions

We review recent literature on four intervention approaches—cooperative learning, prereferral teams, consulting teachers, and peer-tutoring—that have been recommended as means of accommodating atypical learners in general education settings. Although there is extensive evidence about some of these approaches, there are few direct tests of their effects on atypical learners in general education settings. In addition, the evidence about some approaches is based primarily on descriptive rather than experimental data. The research in these areas, although encouraging, does not justify reducing special education services or provide definitive direction for practice. Indeed, the available evidence reemphasizes the need for careful and systematic research.
The aggressive approach to the management of monoamniotic twins

Abstract A series of five sets of monoamniotic twins are presented. The sonographic diagnostic criteria are outlined, with special emphasis on entanglement of the cord. The management protocol included: early hospitalisation, frequent sonographic, electronic fetal heart monitoring and early delivery by caesarean delivery when indicated. This management resulted in survival of all 10 neonates in the series.
Finding a better way.

THE CONCEPTUAL design of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass, was that of a sanitorium, intended to provide the modes of therapy deemed crucial at the start of this century: quiet, space, and fresh, outdoor air. The wards for the indigent sick, constructed in 1911 through 1913, were pavilion style and spacious, with vaulted ceilings. High-volume air-conditioning mimicked the outdoors. The concrete floors under the beds were heated to provide radiant energy and warmth. Each ward had several wide doorways through which beds could be pushed onto porches. Some patients were so enchanted with the open air, they came indoors only for nursing care or during severe weather. The hospital buildings—10 in all by 1933 when I began my internship—were interconnected at ground level by 250 yd of covered walkway known as "the Pike." The southern exposure was open except where it was draped by gnarled wisteria vines. The
A focus on surgical preoperative evaluation of the bariatric patient - the Cleveland Clinic protocol and review of the literature.

Bariatric surgery is well established as a safe and effective treatment for morbid obesity and related metabolic diseases. As an elective procedure, it is critical that individuals considering bariatric surgery should be carefully selected, extensively evaluated, and optimized in order to achieve optimal outcomes. This patient population has unique and challenging issues, including an extensive range of potential medical, psychiatric, and psychological comorbidities, and often patients have unrealistic expectations of the surgery. Therefore, a multidisciplinary, comprehensive and timely assessment preoperatively is of great importance. Individual bariatric units utilise different preoperative patient evaluation protocols. There is at present no uniformly accepted or recommended practice. In this article we describe what we believe are the essential components of a preoperative bariatric surgery evaluation, with supporting evidence for each recommendation. We also present a protocol currently in practice at a high volume bariatric center of excellence; the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute in the Cleveland Clinic, Ohio.
Implementing an intervention for parents with mental illness: building workforce capacity.

OBJECTIVE This article describes the challenges in building workforce capacity when implementing an intervention for families living with parental mental illnesses. METHOD Data were obtained in the context of a larger, developmental, mixed-methods study. Participants included all agency employees working with families in the Family Options intervention on a daily basis. In-depth interviews were representative of the implementation time frame and activities, and the range of staff members' roles and involvement in the implementation process. Themes emerged as interview transcripts were coded qualitatively using a constant comparative approach. RESULTS Identifying complex family needs, anticipating the needs of children, and addressing staff needs for training and support were crucial considerations in implementing a family intervention. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE As the psychiatric rehabilitation field acknowledges the impact of family life on adults as well as children, and moves toward family informed services, knowledge of how to shape and support this specialized workforce is essential.
Fabrication of Very Large Area of Sub-100 nm Nanopillars Using Nanosphere Lithography

Nanosphere lithography is a method that can produce large area, size-tunable patterns with high throughput and low cost. Here, large area arrays of sub-100 nm pillars were generated using the combination of nanosphere lithography and reactive ion etching techniques. Instead of directly using polystyrene particles as masks, which is soft and degradable during the etching process, we use chromium as hard mask to fabricated large area silicon or silica pillars.
A method for modeling and verification of real-time systems

Real-time systems are used in many critical applications. Verification of these real-time systems is essential. Presented here is a method for modeling real-time systems and computing the model's timing characteristics automatically. From a data-driven model of the system an equivalent finite state machine representation of the system is produced by this package. To provide efficient traversal of this large state space an ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) is used to represent the state machine using symbolic methods. Algorithms have been developed to find the largest and smallest distance (times) between any two state sets. From these algorithms schedulability of the real-time system can be determined.
Optical diagnostic for examination of fast and thermal electrons from a helicon plasma source

Summary form only given, as follows. Helicon waves are excited in an argon plasma discharge by a twisted double helix antenna operating at 13.56 MHz. Two optical probes are used. One can be inserted into a I cm diameter glass tube in the center of the plasma chamber (about 11 cm diameter). The other observes the plasma from the outside. The optical probes are measuring emission from the short-lifetime At II states. Software is used to correlate the optical emission to the phase of the RF source. The Ar II emission is measured along with B-dot and Langmuir probe measurements at different axial positions. 105 GHz and 10 GHz; interferometry are used to verify Langmuir probe measurements. The result is to compare Ar II emission to B/sub z/ phase velocity and plasma density to determine the traveling wave particle and background Maxwellian interactions. The background level and modulation index of the Ar II emission is measured for this reason.
Mycobacterium smegmatis DinB2 misincorporates deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides during templated synthesis and lesion bypass

Mycobacterium smegmatis DinB2 is the founder of a clade of Y-family DNA polymerase that is naturally adept at utilizing rNTPs or dNTPs as substrates. Here we investigate the fidelity and lesion bypass capacity of DinB2. We report that DinB2 is an unfaithful DNA and RNA polymerase with a distinctive signature for misincorporation of dNMPs, rNMPs and oxoguanine nucleotides during templated synthesis in vitro. DinB2 has a broader mutagenic spectrum with manganese than magnesium, though low ratios of manganese to magnesium suffice to switch DinB2 to its more mutagenic mode. DinB2 discrimination against incorrect dNTPs in magnesium is primarily at the level of substrate binding affinity, rather than kpol. DinB2 can incorporate any dNMP or rNMP opposite oxo-dG in the template strand with manganese as cofactor, with a kinetic preference for synthesis of an A:oxo-dG Hoogsteen pair. With magnesium, DinB2 is adept at synthesizing A:oxo-dG or C:oxo-dG pairs. DinB2 effectively incorporates deoxyribonucleotides, but not ribonucleotides, opposite an abasic site, with kinetic preference for dATP as the substrate. We speculate that DinB2 might contribute to mycobacterial mutagenesis, oxidative stress and quiescence, and discuss the genetic challenges to linking the polymerase biochemistry to an in vivo phenotype.
High-dimensional maximum marginal likelihood item factor analysis by adaptive quadrature

Although the Bock–Aitkin likelihood-based estimation method for factor analysis of dichotomous item response data has important advantages over classical analysis of item tetrachoric correlations, a serious limitation of the method is its reliance on fixed-point Gauss-Hermite (G-H) quadrature in the solution of the likelihood equations and likelihood-ratio tests. When the number of latent dimensions is large, computational considerations require that the number of quadrature points per dimension be few. But with large numbers of items, the dispersion of the likelihood, given the response pattern, becomes so small that the likelihood cannot be accurately evaluated with the sparse fixed points in the latent space. In this paper, we demonstrate that substantial improvement in accuracy can be obtained by adapting the quadrature points to the location and dispersion of the likelihood surfaces corresponding to each distinct pattern in the data. In particular, we show that adaptive G-H quadrature, combined with mean and covariance adjustments at each iteration of an EM algorithm, produces an accurate fast-converging solution with as few as two points per dimension. Evaluations of this method with simulated data are shown to yield accurate recovery of the generating factor loadings for models of upto eight dimensions. Unlike an earlier application of adaptive Gibbs sampling to this problem by Meng and Schilling, the simulations also confirm the validity of the present method in calculating likelihood-ratio chi-square statistics for determining the number of factors required in the model. Finally, we apply the method to a sample of real data from a test of teacher qualifications.
Refined procedure for optimising signal-to-noise ratio in cascade active-RC filters

Traditional methods for optimising the dynamic range of cascade filters can lead to erroneous results because section noise is neglected and section gain assignment is treated as independent from pole-zero pairing and ordering. Using backtrack programming, this paper outlines an efficient method that avoids these problems. The effect of internal noise sources is included and all section parameters leading to an optimised cascade filter are determined simultaneously.
Implementation of mass media community health education: the Forsyth County Cervical Cancer Prevention Project

The Forsyth County Cervical Cancer Prevention Project (FCP) is a community-based health education project funded by the National Cancer Institute. The target population includes around 25 000 black women age 18 and older who reside in Forsyth County, North Carolina. The overall goal of the program is to prevent mortality from cervical cancer by promoting Pap smears and return for follow-up care when needed. Based on the principles of social marketing, a plan to reach the target population with mass media educational messages through electronic and print channels was developed. Guided by marketing objectives, the target population was divided into relatively discrete segments. The segments included church attenders, patients in waiting rooms of public and selected health providers, female students at local colleges, shoppers, viewers of radio and television, newspaper readers, and business owners and managers. Introduction of the program was based on strategies developed for reaching the target population in each segment with television, radio and print mass media messages. Qualitative assessment of the mass media developed by the program indicated that all forms of communication helped to increase awareness of the program.
Honey bee mortality due to tracheal mite parasitism.

We demonstrate, by truncating the expected negative binomial distribution, that the tracheal mite parasite, Acarapis woodi , causes mortality in the Europen honey bee, Apis mellifera , but, that this mortality can be documented only during periods of low mite densities (mites per bee). At high mite densities, this technique no longer reveals mite-induced mortality. We suggest that this paradox results from a reduction in the mortality threshold at high mite densities, concealing mortality from our truncation procedures. Longitudinal comparisons of hive and forager bee cohorts, nevertheless, suggests mortality at all levels of infestation. We propose that persistent parasitism overcomes a colony's ability to compensate for losses, leading to its sudden decline and death.
Secondary alveolar bone grafting: outcomes, revisions, and new applications.

Abstract Introduction: Cleft lip and palate deformities are one of the most common birth defects. The alveolar cleft requires bony repair to allow proper eruption of dentition. The purpose of this study is to evaluate success in the repair of alveolar clefts and examine whether the addition of allogenic materials improves outcomes. Materials and Methods: One hundred three patients with cleft lip and palate were identified retrospectively after institutional review board approval was obtained. The authors reviewed their medical records, surgical complication rate, need for revision surgery, and whether allogenic materials were used. The data were then compared using analysis of variance. Results: The average patient age was 16.6 years (range, 7 to 25 years). There were 59% unilateral clefts and 41% bilateral clefts identified. The average age at palate repair was 17.5 months. The average age at alveolar bone grafting (ABG) was 8.9 years (range, 5 to 15 years). Allogenic material was used in 22 primary ABGs...
Quasi-one-dimensional models for glassy dynamics

We describe analytical calculations and simulations of the quasi-one-dimensional (Q1-D) model for glassy dynamics. In the Q1-D models, hard rods undergo single-file diffusion through a series of narrow channels connected by J intersections. The topology of the model is specified by J, the maximum number of rods in each middle channel K, and the number of rods N. We assume that the rods cannot turn at the intersections, and thus there is a single, continuous route through the system. This model displays hallmarks of glassy dynamics including caging behavior and subdiffusion, rapid growth in the structural relaxation time and collective particle rearrangements. The mean-square displacement Σ(t) for the Q1-D model displays four dynamical regimes: 1) short-time diffusion Σ( t) ∼ t, 2) a plateau Σ(t) ∼ t0 caused by caging behavior, 3) single-file diffusion characterized by anomalous scaling Σ(t) ∼ t0.5 at intermediate times, and 4) a crossover to long-tine diffusion Σ(t) ∼ t for times that grow with the system size. We develop a general procedure for calculating analytically the structural relaxation time tD, beyond which the system undergoes long-time diffusion, as a function of density and system topology. The method involves several steps: 1) uniquely defining the set of microstates for the system and transitions among them, 2) constructing networks of connected microstates and identifying minimal, closed, directed loops that give rise to structural relaxation, 3) calculating the probabilities for obtaining each of the microstates that form the closed loops and for transitioning from one microstate to another, and 4) using these probabilities to deduce the dependence of tD on packing fraction. We find that to obeys power-law scaling tD ∼ (p g−p)−α, where p g (the packing fraction corresponding to complete kinetic arrest) and α depend on the system topology, and can be calculated exactly. The analytical calculations are supported quantitatively by Monte Carlo simulations.
The Danish Green Accounts: Experiences and Internal Effects

More than 1,000 Danish companies have published annual Green Accounts since this was made a mandatory requirement in 1995. The legislation regulating the Green Accounts was revised in 2001 and 2002, with new requirements being added and the procedures changed. Green Accounts are mandatory environmental reports which account for physical flows of pollutants and for resource efficiency through information about the use of raw materials and waste generation. The legislation is very flexible, in order to suit the differing communications needs of different companies.
An Application of Neural Networks to Predicting Mastery of Learning Outcomes in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

We apply artificial neural networks to the task of predicting the mastery of learning outcomes in response to behavioral therapy for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. We report results for a sample size of 726 children, the largest sample size reported for a study of this nature to date. Our results show that neural networks substantially outperform the linear regression models reported in previous studies, and demonstrate the benefits of leveraging more sophisticated machine learning techniques in the autism research domain.
Spiritual understandings of conflict and transformation and their contribution to water dialogue

Water management is conflict management, and has been since time immemorial. And yet models of conflict management of recent times regularly ignore the balance between rationality and spirituality that has prevailed in our thinking for millennia, relying almost entirely on the measurable. While this focus has been helpful, perhaps some part of the answer lies not in the world of rationality at all, but rather in the spiritual, ethical and moral dimensions of water conflict resolution, and that re-acknowledging the balance between the rational and the transcendent offers constructs for understanding and working with process. Acknowledging the balance between the quantifiable and the transcendent allows both for more coherent models of conflict transformation and for direct applications to water negotiations. This paper begins by setting the context of current understanding of water conflict and cooperation, then by documenting the geography of the ‘Enlightenment Rift’ – the process by which the global West/North has separated the worlds of rationality and spirituality – and the impact of this rift on ideas related to natural resources management. We continue with a discussion of the current clash of world views, and conclude with a section describing how the two world views might gently be interwoven, for example within a fairly universal construct of four worlds of perception, and how this construct might be employed within the framework of more effective water conflict management and transformation.
Cubic SiC: The forgotten polytype

The two most common and most studied forms of SiC are 6H-SiC and 3C-SiC. The 3C-SiC, or cubic modification shares the zincblend lattice structure with other well developed semiconductor materials, such as GaAs and InP. The authors have grown thick 3C-SiC by the sublimation method. Their results show that it is possible to maintain the 3C polytype even at growth temperatures of 2,000 C. Using the sublimation technique they have obtained growth rates as high as 130 microns/hr.