cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decision Support for Inland Waterways Emergency Response

Abstract:Emergency management involving transportation resources requires thorough contingency planning due to potential route destruction and excessive vehicle demands. Incorporating multiple transportation modes into emergency operations planning is an obvious contingency action. Inland waterway transportation has the potential to provide emergency response services to a large geographic area of the United States. Our research provides decision support in order for emergency management teams to design effective and efficient inland waterway-based emergency response systems and improve their emergency operations planning. The developed Waterway Emergency Services Index and Emergency Response Barge System approaches are demonstrated on a four state region along the lower Mississippi River.
Poor Oral Health and Coronary Heart Disease

A few recent studies have shown associations between poor oral health and coronary heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of CHD in relation to number of teeth present and periodontal disease, and to explore potential mediators of this association, in a prospective cohort study. This study is a part of the ongoing Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). Participants included a US national sample of 44,119 male health professionals (58% of whom were dentists), from 40 to 75 years of age, who reported no diagnosed CHD, cancer, or diabetes at baseline. We recorded 757 incident cases of CHD, including fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and sudden death, in six years of follow-up. Among men who reported pre-existing periodontal disease, those with 10 or fewer teeth were at increased risk of CHD compared with men with 25 or more teeth (relative risk = 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.71), after adjustment for standard CHD risk factors. Among men without pre-existing periodontal disease, no relationship was found (relative risk = 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.68). The associations were only slightly attenuated after we controlled for dietary factors. No overall associations were found between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease. Tooth loss may be associated with increased risk of CHD, primarily among those with a positive periodontal disease history; diet was only a small mediator of this association.
Group II and III mGluRs-mediated presynaptic inhibition of EPSCs recorded from hippocampal interneurons of CA1 stratum lacunosum moleculare

We have studied the effects of groups II and III metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation on excitatory responses recorded from hippocampal interneurons of CA1 stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM). Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by stimulation of the perforant pathway were reduced either by the group II mGluR agonist LY354740 (50-100 nM, 49.1+/-5.7% of control) or by the group III mGluR agonist l-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (l-AP4) (50 microM, 36.8+/-4.4% of control). Both drugs significantly enhanced paired-pulse facilitation of the EPSCs. Furthermore, both 100 nM LY354740 and 50 microM l-AP4 reduced the frequency, but not the amplitude, of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (mEPSCs), recorded in the presence of 1 microM TTX and 50 microM picrotoxin, or EPSCs evoked by perforant pathway stimulation in the presence of 2.5 mM Sr2+. The broad-spectrum mGluR antagonist LY341495 (10-50 microM) did not affect test EPSCs elicited 210 ms after stimulation at 100 Hz. At network level, 1-5 microM LY354740 significantly reduced the power of gamma frequency oscillations induced by 20 microM carbachol, 600 nM kainate and 5 mM K+ in hippocampal CA1 area. Our results show powerful modulation of excitatory transmission impinging on interneurons of CA1 SLM by presynaptic group II or III mGluRs.
Examining transfer effects from dialogic discussions to new tasks and contexts

This study investigated whether students who engage in inquiry dialogue with others improve their performance on various tasks measuring argumentation development. The study used an educational environment called Philosophy for Children (P4C) to examine specific theoretical assumptions regarding the role dialogic interaction plays in the development of individual argumentation. Using quasi-experimental research design, we randomly assigned 12 fifth-grade classrooms to two treatment conditions: P4C and Regular Instruction (REG). To document treatment fidelity, we analyzed 36 systematically selected discussion transcripts focusing on various features of classroom discourse. To evaluate transfer performance, we administered 3 post-intervention measures, including an interview, a persuasive essay, and a recall of argumentative text. Our results confirm that there were important differences in discourse patterns that indicate that P4C students engaged in more dialogic interactions, compared to REG students. However, although P4C students had different classroom experience, they performed similarly to the Regular Instruction students on post-intervention measures. We discuss the lack of positive transfer and suggest directions for further research.
A brief history of home hemodialysis

Home hemodialysis for the treatment of end-stage renal disease was first developed in the early 1960s. Because of the benefits and cost-effectiveness, this modality of treatment was increasingly used; by 1973, when the Medicare End-Stage Renal Disease Program began, approximately 40% of all dialysis patients in the United States were on home hemodialysis. Since then, both the percentage and the number of patients on this treatment has steadily decreased, and such patients now comprise approximately 1.3% of the US dialysis population. Nevertheless, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in home hemodialysis, particularly related to reports of excellent results with daily home hemodialysis and the development of new equipment specifically designed for use in the home. Thus, this modality of treatment may be used more widely in the near future.
Emergency care for posttonsillectomy and postadenoidectomy hemorrhage

There are an estimated 4,300 cases of postoperative hemorrhage after tonsillectomy in the United States each year. Most patients seek care in the Emergency Department for this potentially fatal condition. This study was performed to characterize the clinical presentation of patients seeking Emergency Department (ED) care for posttonsillectomy and postadenoidectomy hemorrhage (PTAH). In addition, the investigators attempted to describe the ED treatment for PTAH. A retrospective review of ED and inpatient medical records was executed for patients presenting to the ED with PTAH from June 1, 1983 to May 31, 1993. All patients presenting to the ED who received a final ED diagnosis of PTAH were included in the study. The setting included two community-based teaching hospitals that share a single emergency medicine residency. The combined ED census averaged 72,000 annual visits over the study period. The ED population included both children and adults. Neither hospital had an otolaryngology residency, nor was there 24 hour in-hospital otolaryngology staffing. Factors that were reviewed included patient age, gender, final disposition, presenting vital signs, time from the initial surgery to the time of bleeding, ED treatment, and the interaction with the on-call otolaryngologist. Subpopulations were defined primarily by age (child versus adult) and disposition (home versus hospital). chi 2 Analysis was used for most comparisons. When chi 2 analysis showed an association, the phi (phi) coefficient was calculated to determine the strength of the association. When appropriate, means were compared using the Student's two-tailed t test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multispectral ultrasound imaging and analysis of speckle generating medium

The use of FM pulse imaging scheme to obtain multispectral data from a speckle generating medium is discussed. Its potential for speckle reduction was evaluated by computing correlation coefficients. Measured coefficients were also compared with model predictions. The results are consistent with other published reports and show that significant speckle decorrelation can be achieved with this technique, if one averages frames acquired with center frequencies at the extreme ends of the transducer operating bandwidth, and a small enough /spl Delta/f. At these extremes, the transducer response is low. This response limitation can, however, be overcome by increasing the linear frequency sweep time duration in the FM pulse imaging scheme. In a frequency dependent attenuating medium, proper choices of f/sub o/ and /spl Delta/f spanning the entire operating bandwidth of transducer may be necessary. The flexibility inherent in the FM pulse scheme can be exploited here. >
An empirical evaluation of proposed changes for gambling diagnosis in the DSM-5

Aims—Recommendations related to pathological gambling for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) are to eliminate the criterion related to committing illegal acts and reduce the threshold for diagnosis from five to four criteria. This study evaluated the impact of these changes on prevalence rates and classification accuracy. Design—Data were analyzed from five samples, varying in severity of gambling problems. Settings and participants—Surveys of randomly-selected household residents in the US (n=2417), gambling patrons (n=450), individuals in brief intervention studies (n=375), patients in community-based gambling treatment programs (n=149), and participants in randomized intervention studies (n=319). Measurements—The National Opinion Research Center DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) was administered to all participants. Internal consistency and factor structure were evaluated using both ten and nine criteria. Base rates, hit rates, sensitivity, specificity, and overall agreement were compared across classification systems, using DSM-IV classification as the standard. Findings—Eliminating the illegal acts criterion did not impact internal consistency and modestly improved variance accounted for in the factor structure. In comparing a classification system using four of ten criteria versus one using four of nine, the four of nine system yielded equal or slightly better classification accuracy in all comparisons and across all samples. Conclusions—These data suggest that inclusion of the illegal acts criterion does not appear necessary for diagnosis of pathological gambling, and, if it is eliminated, reducing the cutpoint to four results in more consistent diagnoses relative to the current classification system.
Effect of Selected Insecticides on Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae) Oviposition Behavior in Cotton

Oviposition behavior of western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, as affected by residual insecticides, was studied in potted as well as field-grown cotton. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution and phytotomical preference of Lygus oviposition in presquaring and blooming cotton, as affected by selected insecticides. Flonicamid, acephate, and cypermethrin were applied to cotton at 82, 516, and 114 g (active ingredient)/ha, respectively. At 3 d posttreatment, a gravid female Lygus was caged on the plants. After 4 d, caged plants were harvested and eggs were counted by whole plant dissection. Results indicated significantly greater egg deposition in untreated controls than treated plants in both potted and field-grown cotton. For untreated plants, Lygus preferred to oviposit on the pulvinus and leaf petiole, where 76 and 85% of eggs were laid in potted and field-grown cotton, respectively. For insecticide-treated plants, no plant structure preference was observed, although fewer eggs were laid. The upper stratum of the plant canopy had significantly more eggs than the lower or middle strata of untreated plants, while more eggs were observed in the middle strata of plants treated with acephate in field-grown cotton. Sublethal effects could not be adequately assessed in the cypermethrin treatment owing to high Lygus mortality.
Rumen‐Degradable Protein in Roll‐Conditioned or Macerated Legume Hays and Silages Estimated by In Situ Kinetics vs. Alternative Methods

Alternatives to the in situ method for estimating rumen-degradable protein (RDP) in diverse for- age legumes should be validated. In this study, RDP in roll-conditioned or macerated silages and hays of Medicago, Lotus, and Trifolium species with differing polyphenol compositions were estimated from in situ degradation kinet- ics, a rumen microbial inhibitor in vitro assay, a 10-h in situ incubation, the Cornell Net Car- bohydrate and Protein System, and a 16-h in vitro Streptomyces griseus protease digestion. Forage species, conditioning, and conserva- tion methods infl uenced RDP estimates. In situ kinetic RDP could be ranked or in some cases accurately predicted by other RDP methods, but the protease method performed poorly for macerated forages. ber; ADIP, acid-detergent insoluble protein; ADL, acid detergent lignin; B, potentially degradable protein; BSNPN, buff er-soluble nonprotein nitrogen; BSP, buff er-soluble protein; B1, buff er-soluble protein pre- cipitated by tungstic acid; B2, buff er-insoluble protein extracted with neutral detergent; B3, neutral-detergent-insoluble protein extracted with acid detergent; C, undegradable protein; CNCPS, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; CP, crude protein; CT, condensed tannins; DM, dry matter; IIV, inhibitor in vitro; NDF, neutral deter- gent fi ber; NDIP, neutral-detergent-insoluble protein; RDP, rumen- degradable protein.
A High Fat Diet Increases Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (MAT) But Does Not Alter Trabecular or Cortical Bone Mass in C57BL/6J Mice.

Obesity has been associated with high bone mineral density (BMD) but a greater propensity to fracture. Some obese individuals have increased marrow adipose tissue (MAT), but the impact of MAT on bone turnover remains controversial, as do changes in BMD associated with a high fat diet (HFD). In this study we hypothesized that MAT volume would increase in response to HFD but would be independent of changes in BMD. Hence, we fed C57BL/6J (B6) male mice at 3 weeks of age either a high fat diet (60 kcal %) or regular diet (10 kcal %) for 12 weeks (n = 10/group). We measured MAT volume by osmium staining and micro-CT (µCT) as well as bone parameters by µCT, histomorphometry, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also performed a short-term pilot study using 13-week-old B6 males and females fed a HFD (58 kcal %) for 2 weeks (n = 3/sex). Both long- and short-term HFD feedings were associated with high MAT volume, however, femoral trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone formation rate and cortical bone mass were not altered in the long-term study. In the short-term pilot study, areal BMD was unchanged after 2 weeks of HFD. We conclude that, for B6 mice fed a HFD starting at wean or 13 weeks of age, MAT increases whereas bone mass is not altered. More studies are needed to define the mechanism responsible for the rapid storage of energy in the marrow and its distinction from other adipose depots. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2032–2037, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moving Hollywood Abroad: Divided Labor Markets and the New Politics of Trade in Services

Theories of trade and domestic politics have been applied extensively to manufacturing and agriculture; the political economy of trade in services, however, remains poorly understood. This article examines how the “offshoring” of services segments labor markets and places low-skilled and high-skilled labor at odds on trade issues. Drawing from a case where trade has been politically contentious of late—motion picture services in the United States—the article finds that offshoring can aggravate wage inequality, creating incentives for low-skilled workers to demand policy remedies. Consistent with this expectation, an ordered probit analysis of labor-group lobbying reveals that low-skilled occupations in motion picture services were most likely to support countervailing duties and Section 301 action against productions filmed abroad. The findings suggest that when services are tradable, labor-market cleavages are not purely factoral or sectoral, but occupational. This new politics of trade in services has important implications for trade policy in the United States and multilateral rulemaking in the World Trade Organization.
Hydration at the work site

When performing physical work, sweat output often exceeds water intake, producing a body water deficit or dehydration. Specific to the work place, dehydration can adversely affect worker productivity, safety, and morale. Legislative bodies in North America such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommend replacing fluids frequently when exposed to heat stress, such as one cup (250 ml) every 20 minutes when working in warm environments. However, the majority of legislative guidelines provide vague guidance and none take into account the effects of work intensity, specific environments, or protective clothing. Improved occupational guidelines for fluid and electrolyte replacement during hot weather occupational activities should be developed to include recommendations for fluid consumption before, during, and after work.
Crosstalk reduction in mixed-signal 3-D integrated circuits with interdevice layer ground planes

We show nearly 8 dB of crosstalk reduction using ground planes between active device layers in three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuits. Our experimental work utilizes two planes of MOS transistors with tungsten or polysilicon ground planes designed to attenuate crosstalk. Theoretical simulations, using an electromagnetic solver, and the experimental results are consistent with analytical results. The key result verified is that a ground plane, whose footprint shadows the device area, is sufficiently large for effective attenuation. The interdevice layer ground plane provides an effective means to achieve crosstalk reduction in 3-D mixed-signal/RF integration because of simple fabrication and high coupling isolation.
Synthetic CT noise emulation in the raw data domain

Reducing radiation dose associated with X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans is of key clinical interest. As such, there is active research in methods of generating diagnostically meaningful images using lower dose data, including data pre-processing and advanced reconstruction algorithms. When developing such procedures, it would be ideal from a benchmarking perspective to have multiple acquisitions at varying dose levels or protocols. While such data can be reasonably acquired for phantoms, comparable clinical data is less available. Therefore, it would be very beneficial to develop a method of synthetically adding noise to existing scans in such a way that the resulting data sets yield reasonably accurate noise realizations. We present such a method in this paper that synthetically adds noise directly in the raw data domain (i.e., before the negative log and associated preprocessing).
Mechanisms of basolateral Na+ transport in rabbit esophageal epithelial cells

We examined the mechanisms of cellular Na+ transport, both Cl− dependent and Cl− independent, in the mammalian esophageal epithelium. Rabbit esophageal epithelium was dissected from its muscular la...
Prioritization of Paths for Diagnosis

Existing techniques for path delay fault (PDF) diagnosis do not provide high diagnostic resolution. These techniques fail to prune a large number of fault free candidates from the set of possible candidate faults. This paper presents an efficient technique to prioritize faults (PDFs) among the set of possible candidate faults. A novel approach for PDF prioritization is presented and its effectiveness is demonstrated on the ISCAS benchmarks.
Corticosteroids and leukotrienes: chronobiology and chronotherapy.

Corticosteroids and leukotrienes play opposite roles in asthma. Corticosteroids, both endogenously secreted and exogenously administered, are antiinflammatory and are very effective in the treatment of asthma. They have also been evaluated chronotherapeutically and have been found to be very effective in reducing the enhanced airway inflammation and decrement in lung function associated with nocturnal worsening of asthma. Leukotrienes are potent proinflammatory and spasmogenic mediators that have been shown to be increased at night in patients with nocturnal asthma (NA). Leu-kotriene modifiers, a new class of medications to treat asthma, improve, but do not abolish, the symptoms and decrement in lung function associated with nocturnal asthma. However, they have not been evaluated chronotherapeutically. This article addresses the roles of corticosteroids and leukotrienes in nocturnal asthma and their position as therapeutic agents or targets for therapy.
A software only scalable video delivery system for multimedia applications over heterogeneous networks

Precompressed video delivery systems commonly operate at fixed data rates. However, variations in the availability of network bandwidth and processor cycles are common in dynamic general purpose computing environments. Variability arises from the outright lack of resources (e.g. network bandwidth and cpu cycles), contention for available resources due to congestion, or a user's unwillingness to allocate needed resources to the task. Users of a scalable video delivery system have greater flexibility and therefore, the system can more effectively deliver video in the presence of system resource scarcity. This paper describes an end-to-end system combining a scalable video compression algorithm, video delivery software, a software video decoder, and a market-based mechanism for the resolution of conflicts in providing video to the user.
A Randomized Trial of Prophylactic Acetylcysteine and Theophylline Compared with Placebo for the Prevention of Renal Tubular Vacuolization in Rats after Iohexol Administration

Abstract Rationale and Objectives Renal tubular vacuolization (RTV), which has been shown to occur after the use of iodinated contrast material, may be one of the earliest signs of contrast medium–induced renal injury. In this study, the authors tested a method for preventing RTV with the administration of acetylcysteine, theophylline, or both, prior to contrast medium administration. Materials and Methods Eighty rats were randomly selected for inclusion in the study. The treatment group consisted of three subgroups, each of which received prophylactic acetylcysteine, theophylline, or both before injection of iohexol. The control group comprised five subgroups, each of which received acetylcysteine, theophylline, both, normal saline injection, or orally administered normal saline prior to iohexol injection. Results The occurrence of RTV in the treatment groups was compared with that in the control subgroup that received normal saline and iohexol. All of the rats in that control subgroup ( n = 10) and 97% of the rats in the treatment group ( n = 30) developed RTV. Conclusion The administration of acetylcysteine, theophylline, or both prior to iohexol injection did not prevent RTV from occurring in rats.
Nef cotangent bundles over line arrangements

In [1] Hirzebruch introduced and studied the compact complex surfaces (Λ,n). In [2], Sommese characterized those. (Λ,n) with ample cotangent bundles. In this addendum, the (Λ,n) with nef cotangent bundles are characterized.
Synthesis and secretion of von Willebrand factor and fibronectin in megakaryocytes at different phases of maturation.

Abstract Our goals have been to define the biochemical characteristics of megakaryocytes during maturation that are critical for platelet assembly and release into the circulation and to introduce biochemical markers for megakaryocytes. To achieve these goals, we have studied fibronectin (FN) and von Willebrand factor (vWF), which are large adhesive proteins that are synthesized by megakaryocytes, stored in alpha granules, and thought to have a fundamental role in hemostasis. The study demonstrated that vWF is primarily synthesized in mature megakaryocytes, which synthesized 7.5 times more vWF than immature megakaryocytes. Brefeldin A, which blocks the exit of proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), inhibited the formation of vWF multimers but did not affect the synthesis of monomers and dimers in mature megakaryocytes. These data are consistent with the formation of vWF dimers in the RER and the assembly of vWF multimers in the trans- and post-golgi. The synthesis of both the 260-kD and 275-kD pro-vWF was detected. However, the synthesis of 275-kD pro-vWF and 220-kD mature vWF was only evident after 2 hours, suggesting that the transit time of nascent vWF through the RER is about 2 hours. Constitutive secretion of vWF was demonstrated in megakaryocytes. About 14.5% and 4.6% of synthesized vWF was secreted by mature and immature megakaryocytes, respectively. In contrast, the synthesis of FN monomers and dimers was established in immature megakaryocytes, and their synthesis in mature megakaryocytes was very similar. Constitutive secretion of FN was not seen in megakaryocytes. Brefeldin A did not inhibit the synthesis of FN dimers; thus, formation of FN dimers occurs in the RER. The demonstration that vWF and FN are synthesized at different phases of megakaryocyte maturation and that only vWF is constitutively secreted by megakaryocytes provides new information relevant to alpha granule formation and possibly bone marrow matrix assembly.
Results of a twelve week double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of oral conivaptan to assess functional capacity in patients with class III chronic heart failure

Results of a Twelve Week Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of Oral Conivaptan To Assess Functional Capacity in Patients with Class III Chronic Heart Failure Stuart D. Russell, Kirkwood F. Adams, Jr. James P. Shaw, Wendy A. Gattis, Christopher M. O’Connor3—Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Medicine/ Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center/Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
γδ T cells and immunity to human malaria in endemic regions

Malaria, caused by the mosquito borne parasite Plasmodium spp is responsible for around 200 million cases each year, resulting in over 600,000 deaths, with nearly half of the world population at risk. The lack of our proper understanding of the immunology of clinical malaria has been damaging to the attempts to make reliable vaccines against this disease. Severe clinical manifestations of malaria are often observed in young children or adults experiencing their first exposure to the malaria parasite. In endemic areas, antibody mediated protection from clinical malaria (but not sterile immunity against infection) is acquired only after repeated exposures to the parasite over many years. Though various components of the innate and adaptive immune system likely contribute, the core mechanisms behind development of clinical immunity to severe malaria still remain unknown.
A Head Injury Animal Model: Physiological Studies of Mechanical Brain Injury in the Cat

Functional and structural disturbances of the brain produced by sudden impact to the skull represent a fundamental problem in neurosurgical treatment of head trauma. A proper experimental approach to brain trauma requires the development of an adequate animal model useful in defining both the biomechanical and physiological variables relevant to mechanical injury to the human central nervous system (CNS). The development of appropriate animal models has proved essential to progress in other clinically related research and is a prerequisite for the development of rational modes of diagnosis and treatment of head injury.
A High-Power Microwave Zoom Antenna With Metal-Plate Lenses

Metal-plate lens antennas were designed and constructed for a high-power microwave zoom antenna concept comprising a pyramidal horn feed antenna and two metal-plate lenses. Good agreement was found between experiment and simulation. This antenna provides true zoom capability with continuously variable collimated beam output, approximately 10% bandwidth, and very high power-handling capability. It can be designed to operate at any frequency in the range of about 100 MHz to 10 GHz. It was found that nano-modified carbon fiber composites could be used instead of metal plates in these lenses; these composites would reduce the weight of the lens significantly and would help to mitigate possible spurious TM modes induced in the lens when it is in the near-field of the feed horn antenna.
Numerical integration method for computing reliability index of geotechnical system

ABSTRACTTo account for the uncertainties in the design of a geotechnical system, reliability-based design approach is often adopted, in which the main task is to evaluate reliability index of the system based on a performance function (or limit state function). In this paper, we propose a new method for computing the reliability index, based upon the numerical integration of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the performance function. This numerical integration method requires only a deterministic evaluation of the system performance and the joint probability of the uncertain input parameters. The effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method, measured in terms of the accuracy and the computational effort, respectively, are demonstrated with two geotechnical problems: a drilled shaft in sand and a semi-gravity retaining wall. The new method is found valid regardless of the type of distribution of uncertain input parameters, whether the correlations exist among these input parameters, ...
Changes in the Eye Microbiota Associated with Contact Lens Wearing

ABSTRACT Wearing contact lenses has been identified as a risk factor for the development of eye conditions such as giant papillary conjunctivitis and keratitis. We hypothesized that wearing contact lenses is associated with changes in the ocular microbiota. We compared the bacterial communities of the conjunctiva and skin under the eye from 58 subjects and analyzed samples from 20 subjects (9 lens wearers and 11 non-lens wearers) taken at 3 time points using a 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing technique (V4 region; Illumina MiSeq). We found that using anesthetic eye drops before sampling decreases the detected ocular microbiota diversity. Compared to those from non-lens wearers, dry conjunctival swabs from lens wearers had more variable and skin-like bacterial community structures (UniFrac; P value = Methylobacterium , Lactobacillus , Acinetobacter , and Pseudomonas and lower abundances of Haemophilus , Streptococcus , Staphylococcus , and Corynebacterium (linear discriminant analysis [LDA] score = >3.0). The results indicate that wearing contact lenses alters the microbial structure of the ocular conjunctiva, making it more similar to that of the skin microbiota. Further research is needed to determine whether the microbiome structure provides less protection from ocular infections. IMPORTANCE As in other body sites (i.e., the gut, skin, and mouth), the eye has a normal community of bacteria which are expected to confer resistance that provides protection from invaders. However, the eye microbiome has been largely neglected and is relevant to eye health and understanding eye diseases and to discovery of its functions. This report of a baseline study shows differences in the eye microbiome of contact lens wearers in relation to those of non-lens wearers and has the potential to help future studies explore novel insights into a possible role of the microbiome in the increased risk for eye infections in contact lens wearers.
Second femtosecond laser treatment application for completion of partial capsulotomy caused by suction loss.

PurposeTo describe a case of a second application of femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy to achieve a complete treatment pattern after an initial incomplete capsulotomy creation due to loss of s...
“Are You Gonna Take My Job Away?” Latina Bilingual Education Teachers’ Relationships With White Colleagues in a White Racial Frame

Using a White racial frame as a theoretical framework, this study investigated the relationship between two Latina bilingual education teachers and their White colleagues. A qualitative analysis re...
Photophysics and photochemistry of hematoporphyrin, hematoporphyrin derivative and uroporphyrin I.

The putative action mechanism in photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves serum transport of HPD to tumor tissue, localization and retention of the active constituent, generation of singlet molecular oxygen (Δ) by the action of visible light and the attack of t on the cellular targets. Early workers postulated that tumor tissue membranes are key targets in PDT (Dougherty et al., 1978), which is consistent with evidence that photosensitization of red blood cell membranes by protoporphyrin is mediated by Δ (Lamola et al., 1973). Subsequent studies on photosensitization of model membranes by hematoporphyrin (HP) and HPD are consistent with this hypothesis. However, the specific targets have not been identified and the involvement of non- membrane targets has not been ruled out. HPD is a porphyrin mixture leading to a complicated dependence of the photophysical and photochemical properties on the medium. The active constituent has not been adequately characterized, although there is evidence that it is a covalent dimer or oligomer of porphyrin units (Berenbaum et ai., 1982; Dougherty et al., 1984; Swincer et al., 1985). Dougherty et al. (1984) refer to this material as dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE), which will be used for convenience in this paper, although the structure implied by the terminology has not been proven. The present results were obtained with an enriched HPD material prepared by poiyacryiamide gel filtration of HPD referred to as HpD-A (Grossweiner and Goyal, 1983).
Automatic discovery of simply-composable prosodic elements

As a way to discover the elements of prosody, Principal Component Analysis was applied to several dozen contextual prosodic features, sampled at 600,000 timepoints in dialog data. The resulting components are interpretable as prosodic patterns, including some which involve behaviors of both interlocutors. Examining contexts and co-occurring words, many of these have clear interpretations. This suggests that English has at least several dozen prosodic patterns, each with its own communicative function.
CHARM: A checkpoint-based resource management framework for reliable multicore computing in the dark silicon era

Transient faults due to single and multiple bit-flips are becoming increasingly common in today's multicore processing chips and reduce overall chip reliability. Simultaneously, aging effects due to phenomena such as Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) and Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) also gradually reduce chip reliability over time. Unfortunately, with technology scaling, the increasingly stringent on-chip dark-silicon power constraints prohibit costly fault resilience solutions. Clearly, a viable approach is needed that can address both transient- and aging-induced faults in emerging multicore chips, but this is not easy. For example, techniques to slow down aging typically increase susceptibility to transient faults and vice-versa. In this paper, we propose a novel runtime framework (CHARM) to manage the useful chip lifetime, while also addressing transient faults and meeting performance and dark-silicon constraints. Experimental results on a 60-core chip multiprocessor show that CHARM not only achieves transient fault resilience while satisfying dark-silicon constraints, but also achieves an improvement of up to 2.5× in lifetime, and up to 6× in number of applications executed over the chip lifetime compared to a state-of-the-art solution.
Appreciation or Awareness? Differential Preferences for Category Spanning in an Online Community

Literature in organizational sociology states that category spanners – producers or products that span multiple categories – are less appealing to audiences than actors that do not span categories. Scholars also provide instances, however, where category spanners are advantaged. Audiences may interpret the same category spanning behavior from different perspectives based on their own experience and knowledge on the market. As such, we suggest a closer investigation of audience heterogeneity in expertise to help explain these mixed findings. When audiences broadly interact with the market domain, will they gain appreciation or awareness of category spanners? In a market where actors can simultaneously be both producers and consumers, we argue for a homophily preference – a greater liking of actors with homogeneous category spanning experience – which leads knowledgeable audience members to appreciate category spanners. Using a longitudinal dataset of an online community where individuals posted reviews on ...
The Clinical Neuroscience Course: Viewing Mental Health from Neurobiological Perspectives

Although the field of neuroscience is booming, a challenge for researchers in mental health disciplines is the integration of basic research findings into applied clinical approaches leading to effective therapies. Recently the National Institute of Mental Health called for translational research grants to encourage collaboration between neuroscientists and mental health professionals. In order for this "clinical neuroscience" to emerge and thrive, an important first step is the provision of appropriate course offerings so that future neuroscience researchers and mental health practitioners will have a common neurobiological base from which to make informed decisions about the most efficacious treatments for mental illnesses. Accordingly, an integrative course, Clinical Neuroscience, was developed to address these issues. After reviewing the historical origins of this emerging discipline, students are exposed to fundamental overviews of neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and neural development before approaching the neurobiological components of several disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, depression, Tourette's syndrome, drug abuse, obsessive compulsive disorder). Finally, the maintenance of mental health is emphasized as topics such as psychoneuroimmunology, coping with stress, and eating regulation are discussed. Important themes emphasized in this course include (1) the consideration of only empirically based evidence, (2) the view that mental illness represents a disruption of neurobiological homeostasis, (3) the acknowledgement that, because the brain is a plastic organ, the clinical relevance of environmental and behavioral influences is difficult to overestimate, and (4) the recognition of the value of ecologically relevant animal models in the investigation of various aspects of mental illness. Because of the importance of stress maintenance in mental health, exercises have been developed to increase students' awareness of their own coping strategies. Finally, several books and movies are incorporated to provide additional points of view of the topics discussed in the course.
A strategic approach to self-branding

Self-branding – which reflects how an individual wants to be perceived by employers, potential employers, clients, professional peers, and others in a way that will enhance their personal image – r...
Confined methane-water interfacial layers and thickness measurements using in situ Raman spectroscopy.

Gas–liquid interfaces broadly impact our planet, yet confined interfaces behave differently than unconfined ones. We report the role of tangential fluid motion in confined methane–water interfaces. The interfaces are created using microfluidics and investigated by in situ 1D, 2D and 3D Raman spectroscopy. The apparent CH4 and H2O concentrations are reported for Reynolds numbers (Re), ranging from 0.17 to 8.55. Remarkably, the interfaces are comprised of distinct layers of thicknesses varying from 23 to 57 μm. We found that rarefaction, mixture, thin film, and shockwave layers together form the interfaces. The results indicate that the mixture layer thickness (δ) increases with Re (δ ∝ Re), and traditional transport theory for unconfined interfaces does not explain the confined interfaces. A comparison of our results with thin film theory of air–water interfaces (from mass transfer experiments in capillary microfluidics) supports that the hydrophobicity of CH4 could decrease the strength of water–water interactions, resulting in larger interfacial thicknesses. Our findings help explain molecular transport in confined gas–liquid interfaces, which are common in a broad range of societal applications.
Trauma and Grief Component Therapy for Adolescents: A Modular Approach to Treating Traumatized and Bereaved Youth

Developed by experts in trauma psychiatry and psychology and grounded in adolescent developmental theory, this is a modular, assessment-driven treatment that addresses the needs of adolescents facing trauma, bereavement, and accompanying developmental disruption. Created by the developers of the University of California, Los Angeles PTSD Reaction Index© and the Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder Checklist, the book links clinicians with cutting-edge research in traumatic stress and bereavement, as well as ongoing training opportunities. This innovative guide offers teen-friendly coping skills, handouts, and specialized therapeutic exercises to reduce distress and promote adaptive developmental progression. Sessions can be flexibly tailored for group or individual treatment modalities; school-based, community mental health, or private practice settings; and different timeframes and specific client needs. Drawing on multidimensional grief theory, it offers a valuable toolkit for psychologists, psychiatrists, counsellors, and others who work with bereaved and traumatized adolescents. Engaging multicultural illustrations and extensive field-testing give this user-friendly manual international appeal.
Quantum oscillations in a biaxial pair density wave state

There has been growing speculation that a pair density wave state is a key component of the phenomenology of the pseudogap phase in the cuprates. Recently, direct evidence for such a state has emerged from an analysis of scanning tunneling microscopy data in halos around the vortex cores. By extrapolation, these vortex halos would then overlap at a magnetic-field scale where quantum oscillations have been observed. Here, we show that a biaxial pair density wave state gives a unique description of the quantum oscillation data, bolstering the case that the pseudogap phase in the cuprates may be a pair density wave state.
Environmental Sustainability Information Moderates the Relationship between Social Media Use and the Intention to Purchase Technology-Based Products

This study explores the relationships among four concepts including the perceptions formed by customers of new technology-based products who are influenced by environmentally sustainable, publicly available information including organizations’ marketing communications (ESI), the use of social media to obtain new technology-based product purchase information (SMPI), the use of social media for communicating with friends (SMCF), and customers’ intentions to purchase new technology-based products (PI). The major research question that this study addresses is do customers’ perceptions of environmentally sustainable information (ESPI) moderate the relationship between the use of social media to obtain new product purchase information (SMPI) and customers’ intentions to purchase new technology-based products (PI), and the relationship between the use of social media for communicating with friends (SMCF) and customers’ intentions to purchase new technology-based products (PI)? This study found that social media used to obtain product purchase information (SMPI) has a positive influence on customers’ intentions to purchase technology-based products (PI) whereas social media used for communicating with friends (SMCF) has a negative influence on customers’ intentions to purchase technology-based products (PI). Additionally, the perception of environmentally sustainable public information (ESPI) moderates and negatively accentuates the relationship between the use of social media used for communicating with friends (SMCF) and customers’ intentions to purchase new technology-based products (PI).
Trigeminal Rhizotomy (Temporal Approach)

For the operative approach to the fifth nerve root via the temporal fossa, the patient is placed in the sitting position. The lower extremities are wrapped in elastic stockings or the patient is placed in a pressurized suit to protect against a sudden drop in blood pressure. The patient’s head should not be tilted or turned; for if the head is absolutely straight, the surgeon will not go in an unwanted direction. The danger in surgery for tic douloureux via the temporal approach is in being misguided posteriorly towards the posterior fossa, entering the latter, and causing injury to the superficial petrosal nerve with a resultant facial nerve paralysis.
Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Cursory consideration of the TCA cycle (Chap. 9) reminds us that absent NADH and FADH2 reoxidation, this cycle would quickly become substrate-limited and would promptly cease to function. Likewise, ATP is essential to drive biosynthesis and fuel the molecular motors that translocate macromolecules and transport metabolites. How then do cells prevent massive accumulation of NADH and FADH2, while continually resupplying sufficient ATP? This conundrum is circumvented in mitochondria, not by substrate-level reactions analogous to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase within the cytosol, but by a series of redox reactions that electrochemically generate transmembrane proton gradients that are ultimately mechanochemically coupled to ATP synthesis. The latter reactions take place within mitochondria, and this chapter focuses on the logical arrangement and operation of the electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation. A similar system allows chloroplasts to harvest photic energy electrochemically, again generating transmembrane proton gradients that are likewise coupled to ATP synthesis (Chap. 15).
Uv and X-Ra Y Spectroscopy in Astrophysics

Publisher Summary The topic of astronomical spectroscopy in the X-ray and ultraviolet spectral regions is a rich and extensive subject that covers a diverse range of phenomena. This chapter surveys some recent developments in the analysis and interpretation of ultraviolet and X-ray spectra—in particular, the development and use of plasma diagnostic techniques to determine physical conditions in the radiating volumes. For these purposes, the chapter focuses predominantly on the solar plasma because of the wealth of observational material and the complementary analytic techniques that have been vigorously developed. For many situations, extensions and applications can be made to stellar, interstellar, and galactic plasmas, when comparable spectra become available. This chapter begins with a statement of the general considerations of diagnostic spectroscopy, discusses the available observational material , and then focuses on the emission spectra of some important and well-studied isoelectronic sequences. Effects of nonequilibrium conditions in ultraviolet solar spectra are also discussed in the chapter. This chapter concludes with a summary of the analysis for the quiet solar atmosphere, where the results of theory and observation are compared.