cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of glyphosate residues in companion animal feeds

Abstract The widespread adoption of genetically modified, glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybean varieties in US crop production has led to a dramatic increase in glyphosate usage. Though present at or below regulatory limits currently set for human foodstuffs, the concentration of glyphosate in companion animal feed is currently unknown. In the present study, 18 commercial companion animal feeds from eight manufacturers were analyzed for glyphosate residues using ELISA. Every product contained detectable glyphosate residues in the range of 7.83 × 101–2.14 × 103 μg kg−1 dry weight, with the average and medians being 3.57 × 102 and 1.98 × 102 μg kg−1 respectively. Three products were tested for within-bag variation and six were tested for lot to lot variation. Little within-bag variation was found, but the concentration of glyphosate varied by lot in half of the products tested. Glyphosate concentration was significantly correlated with crude fiber content, but not crude fat or crude protein. Average daily intakes by animals consuming feeds containing the median glyphosate concentration are estimated to result in exposures that are 0.68–2.5% of the Allowable Daily Intake (ADI) for humans in the US and EU, which are 1750 and 500 μg kg−1 respectively. Consumption of the most contaminated feed, however, would result in exposure to 7.3% and 25% of the above ADIs, though the relevance of such an exposure to companion animals is currently unknown. Companion animal feeds contained 7.83 × 101–2.14 × 103 μg kg−1 glyphosate which is likely to result in pet exposure that is 4–12 times higher than that of humans on a per Kg basis.
Loss of C-5 sterol desaturase activity in Candida albicans: azole resistance or merely trailing growth?

Increased expression of drug efflux pumps and changes in the target enzyme Erg11p are known to contribute to azole resistance in Candida albicans, one of the most prevalent fungal pathogens. Mutations that inactivate ERG3, which encodes sterol Δ5,6-desaturase, also confer in vitro azole resistance. However, it is unclear whether the loss of Erg3p activity is sufficient to confer resistance within the mammalian host, and relatively few erg3 mutants have been reported among azole-resistant clinical isolates. Trailing growth (residual growth in the presence of the azoles) is a phenotype observed with many C. albicans isolates and, in its extreme form, can be mistaken for resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the growth of Erg3p-deficient C. albicans mutants in the presence of the azoles possesses the characteristics of azole resistance or of an exaggerated form of trailing growth. Our results demonstrate that, similar to trailing isolates, the capacity of an erg3Δ/Δ mutant to endure the consequences of azole exposure is at least partly dependent on both temperature and pH. This contrasts with true azole resistance that results from enhanced drug efflux and/or changes in the target enzyme. The erg3Δ/Δ mutant and trailing isolates also appear to sustain significant membrane damage upon azole treatment, further distinguishing them from resistant isolates. However, the insensitivity of the erg3Δ/Δ mutant to azoles is unaffected by the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A, distinguishing it from trailing isolates. In conclusion, the erg3 mutant phenotype is qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from both azole resistance and trailing growth.
Hospital Variation in the Utilization of Short-Term Nondurable Mechanical Circulatory Support in Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock.

Background: Limited knowledge exists on inter-hospital variation in the utilization of short-term, nondurable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by card...
Conflict Handling In Project Management: A Risk Assessment Analysis

Conflict handling is one of the critical tasks that is tedious to accomplish in project risk management. Conflict management is about limiting and minimizing the negative aspects of conflict occurring during project management. Conflicts occurs between team members when they assess the risks. To keep your project on track successfully, a project manager needs to resolve project conflictive situations. Motivation: risk assessment analysis marks remarkable effectiveness and performance in organizational setting, if conducted rigorously and properly. Throughout the project management, creating software that gives the least amount of risk during risk assessment analysis is something difficult to attain. Problem statement: This paper focuses on how systemic analysis of various contributing and leading factors in project management (e.g. extend of the exposure, multiple exposures) can be done effectively with higher success rate. Methodology: Questionnaire analysis is done on behalf of 200 filled questionnaires of risk analysts from software industry working under domain of project management. These 200 filled questionnaires are then interpreted through statistical analysis by using probabilistic analysis and interpretation.
Charge Transport and Thermoelectric Properties of Carbon Sulfide Nanobelts in Single-Molecule Sensors

The design, synthesis, and operation of single-molecule sensor devices are outstanding challenges in the field of molecular electronics. These devices are of significant interest as they could report the presence of harmful substances in different environments. Motivated by this, by means of non-equilibrium Green’s function density functional theory, we investigate the properties of pristine single-molecule junctions comprised of single-walled heterocyclic nanobelts terminated with sulfur in contact with gold electrodes. These nanobelts are single slices of nanotubes, resulting in a molecular belt of fused aromatic rings, which have the shortest possible length of a nanotube; thus, fundamental studies of transport properties can be performed because of their finite size. We probe the charge transport and thermoelectric properties as a function of voltage bias and temperature. We find the radius of the nanobelt, and thus the number of Au–S contacts, has a strong impact on their electronic properties. With ...
Operando XAFS Studies on Rh(CAAC)-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation

Rh K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was used to examine the Rh-catalyzed arene hydrogenation of diphenyl ether by a combination of stoichiometric reactions of [(CAACCy,Dipp)Rh(COD)Cl] (Rh–Cl) (CAACCy,Dipp = cyclic alkyl amino carbene) and operando XAFS kinetics studies. Our results unequivocally show that Rh nanoparticles, generated from the single-site Rh complex Rh–Cl, catalyze the arene hydrogenation. Operando XAFS studies illuminate the role of silver cation on the precatalyst reactivity, the effect of increasing H2 pressure on increasing the catalytic efficiency, the stabilizing influence of Ph2O on the relative rate of formation of active Rh nanoparticles, and the absence of soluble single-site Rh species that might leach from bulk heterogeneous Rh nanoparticles. We gained insights into the divergent deactivation pathways mediated by substoichiometric benzothiophene and excess KOtBu toward H2 activation, which is a key step en route to Rh nanoparticles for arene hydrogenati...
Using Vision Boards to Reflect on Relevant Experiences and Envision Ideal Futures

In discussion-oriented courses, students often struggle to think of relevant stories and examples to share, which can impede their learning. Creating and presenting vision boards enables students t...
Synthesis and crystal structure of catena-poly[[tetra-μ-acetato-copper(II)]-μ-6-eth-oxy-N2,N4-bis-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)eth-yl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-di-amine].

The title compound, [Cu2(C19H23N7O)(C2H3O2)4]n, was obtained via reaction of copper(II) acetate with the coordinating ligand, 6-eth­oxy-N2,N4-bis­[2-(pyridin-2-yl)eth­yl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-di­amine. The crystallized product adopts the monoclinic P21/c space group. The metal core exhibits a paddle-wheel structure typical for dicopper tetra­acetate units, with triazine and pyridyl nitro­gen atoms from different ligands coordinating to the two axial positions of the paddle wheel in an asymmetric manner. This forms a coordination polymer with the segments of the polymer created by the c-glide of the P21/c setting of the space group. The resulting chains running along the c-axis direction are held together by intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding. These chains are further packed by dispersion forces, producing an extended three-dimensional structure.
A Qualitative View of Migration-Related Stressors on the Mental Health of Latinx Americans in the Current Sociopolitical Climate of Hostility Towards Migrants.

This qualitative study aimed to elucidate and contextualize which and how migration-related stressors may influence Latinx Americans’ (i.e., US-born; US-citizens) mental health status, including substance misuse. In 2019, a community sample of 22 Latinx Americans were recruited for an in-depth qualitative interview. Eligibility criteria included: being an adult, self-identify as Latinx, report a migration-related stressor, and report at least one symptom of a mental health or substance use problem. Open-ended questions focused on the migrant experience, perceptions and impacts of immigration enforcement, and how these experiences related to their mental health. Using a migration as a social determinant framework, we identified several migration-related stressors at the structural- and social-level of environmental influence that were related to participants’ mental health. Findings highlight how migration-related stressors at the structural- and social-level of influence create systematic uncertainty by inducing fear into the daily lives of Latinx Americans.
5 – Non-Newtonian slurries

A Newtonian fluid is characterized by a linear relationship between the local shearing stress and the rate of strain within the moving fluid. Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit various types of nonlinearity. There are four types of non-Newtonian behaviors: Bingham plastic, Pseudoplastic, Newtonian, and Dilatant. These behaviors show how the rate of strain varies with the sheer stress that is applied to the fluid. The relationship between the local rate of deformation of the fluid and the shearing stress that is imposed differs from that which characterizes Newtonian fluids. This relationship is used to classify the flow behavious of various non-Newtonian fluids. The relationship between sheer stress and rate of strain of fluids can be measured in the laboratory and careful measurements can establish the rheological characteristics of any particular fluid. Dense slurries made from fine particles often behave as Bingham plastic at least approximately, and this is a useful model for these fluids. The Bingham plastic is an idealized model that can be used in theoretical calculations, but no real fluids ever behave exactly as a Bingham plastic.
Computational modeling of air traffic control: terminal area case study

This paper presents an air traffic control modeling case study in which agent performance on a simulated terminal-area air traffic control task was compared with human air traffic controller performance. The paper first provides background on the simulation with human air traffic controllers, and on prior air traffic control modeling research. It then presents an agent model that enables various air traffic control strategies to be evaluated. Results for four different control strategy models show that agent performance compares more favorably to human performance when clearance alternatives and resultant aircraft behaviors are more constrained. The paper discusses these results and describes proposed future enhancements. The research was conducted with support from the NASA Aviation Safety Program.
A Joint Topic and Perspective Model for Ideological Discourse

Polarizing discussions on political and social issues are common in mass and user-generated media. However, computer-based understanding of ideological discourse has been considered too difficult to undertake. In this paper we propose a statistical model for ideology discourse. By ideology we mean "a set of general beliefs socially shared by a group of people." For example, Democratic and Republican are two major political ideologies in the United States. The proposed model captures lexical variations due to an ideological text's topic and due to an author or speaker's ideological perspective. To cope with the non-conjugacy of the logistic-normal prior we derive a variational inference algorithm for the model. We evaluate the proposed model on synthetic data as well as a written and a spoken political discourse. Experimental results strongly support that ideological perspectives are reflected in lexical variations.
Object graphs with ownership domains: an empirical study

Researchers have proposed many ownership type systems but reported limited experience with most of them on real object-oriented code. Only a few systems have been implemented, and there have been few substantial case studies done with those systems. In order to better empirically evaluate ownership type systems, we have therefore conducted a number of case studies applying the Ownership Domains type system to programs at a larger scale. To facilitate the study of legacy code, we reimplemented Ownership Domains using available language support for annotations. After annotating and typechecking a range of object-oriented systems, we extracted global, hierarchical, Ownership Object Graphs (OOGs) using static analysis. OOGs provide an abstracted view that is consistent with programmer design intent, compared to flat object graphs that can be extracted without the benefit of the ownership annotations. An OOG also visualizes the system's ownership structure and helps developers refine the annotations they add to better express the system's design. This paper shares our observations from studying the annotations and the extracted OOGs across several subject systems. We compute metrics on the annotations and on the extracted OOGs, to gain insights into the ownership relationships latent within object-oriented code and to evaluate the effectiveness of the abstraction mechanisms in OOGs.
Experimental Investigation of the Scavenging Performance of a Two-Stroke Opposed-Piston Diesel Tank Engine

The Tank-Automotive RD&E Center periodically conducts foreign materiel evaluations to assess the current state of the art for ground vehicle technologies. The Propulsion Laboratory is conducting performance evaluations of an opposed-piston two-stroke diesel tank engine produced by the Kharkov Design Bureau in Ukraine. A key factor in the performance of all two-stroke engines is the scavenging process, which determines how well the cylinders are emptied of exhaust and filled with fresh air. The overall air flow rate is not sufficient to determine this, as a significant amount of air may be lost through the exhaust ports during the scavenging process. The inlet tracer gas method was employed to provide the additional data required. With methane as the tracer, it produced reasonable and consistent data over a wide range of engine speeds and loads. The inlet tracer gas method was found to be an effective tool for measuring the scavenging performance of a running two-stroke diesel engine.
Variation in resistance toPhytophthora infestans among 21Solanum verrucosum plant introductions

Detached leaflets of 21Solanum verrucosum plant introductions (PIs) were inoculated with two races ofPhytophthora infestans to evaluate levels of resistance present within this species. Inoculated leaflets were visually evaluated for the percentage area colonized byP. infestans and the intensity of sporulation over the colonized area. Disease reactions ranged from moderately susceptible to highly resistant (immune). Significant plant-to-plant heterogeneity for resistance was observed within many of the PIs, indicating that they may represent mixtures of different genotypes. Hypersensitive flecks were observed on some inoculated leaflets of all PIs tested. Adult plant reactions showed moderate agreement with those obtained by other workers on seedling populations of several PIs. These results support the hypothesis that R-genes and polygenes for resistance toP. infestans exist withinS. verrucosum accessions. This species thus may provide a useful source of novel late blight resistance genes.
Race, culture, and ethnicity.

To the Editor.— In a recent article published in Pediatrics regarding cosleeping in a community sample of 2- to 3-year-old children,1 Madansky and Edelbrock reported that cosleeping was more common among nonwhite families and that this might reflect a "subcultural practice." Putting aside for the moment the question of what is meant by "subculture," I feel that the use of "white" and "nonwhite" or "black" as cultural categories requires some discussion. There is a distinction that has to be made between the concepts of "race" and "culture."
Effect of Dietary Phytate/Zinc Molar Ratio on Growth and Bone Zinc Response of Rats Fed Semipurified Diets

In rats fed semipurified diets, bioavailability of dietary zinc was tested at different phytate/zinc molar ratios; growth and zinc in femurs were the criteria of adequacy. On diets with 10--12 ppm zinc, the growth of rats was not affected by phytate/zinc molar ratios of 12 or less if the level of dietary calcium was 0.75% but was depressed at ratios greater than 6 if the level of calcium was 1.75%. Phytate/zinc molar ratios greater than these did not depress growth if the dietary zinc concentration was at least 2.5 and 5 times the minimal requirement for growth at dietary calcium levels of 0.75 and 1.75%, respectively. At the maximum phytate/zinc molar ratio that did not depress growth, accumulation of zinc in femurs was depressed. Small increases in dietary calcium (from 0.75 to 0.87%) depressed growth of rats fed diets with 12 ppm zinc and a phytate/zinc molar ratio of 25. Preformed Zn3 and Zn6 phytate preparations were equivalent to ZnSO4.7H2O as dietary zinc sources. The data indicated that high dietary calcium per se reduced zinc bioavailability. The maximum phytate/zinc molar ratio that did not depress growth of young rats was greatly influenced by dietary calcium level and somewhat influenced by total dietary zinc concentration.
Towards Autonomic Virtual Applications in the In-VIGO System

Grid environments enable users to share nondedicated resources that lack performance guarantees. This paper describes the design of application-centric middleware components to automatically recover from failures and dynamically adapt to grid environments with changing resource availabilities, improving fault-tolerance and performance. The key components of the application-centric approach are a global per-application execution history and an autonomic component that tracks the performance of a job on a grid resource against predictions based on the application execution history, to guide rescheduling decisions. Performance models of unmodified applications built using their execution history are used to predict failure as well as poor performance. A prototype of the proposed approach, an autonomic virtual application manager (AVAM), has been implemented in the context of the In-VIGO grid environment and its effectiveness has been evaluated for applications that generate CPU-intensive jobs with relatively short execution times (ranging from tens of seconds to less than an hour) on resources with highly variable loads - a workload generated by typical educational usage scenarios of In-VIGO-like grid environments. A memory-based learning algorithm is used to build the performance models for CPU-intensive applications that are used to predict the need for rescheduling. Results show that In-VIGO jobs managed by the AVAM consistently meet their execution deadlines under varying load conditions and gracefully recover from unexpected failures
The myosin mesa and a possible unifying hypothesis for the molecular basis of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

No matter how many times one explores the structure of the myosin molecule, there is always something new to discover. Here, I describe the myosin mesa, a structural feature of the motor domain that has the characteristics of a binding domain for another protein, possibly myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C). Interestingly, many well-known hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) mutations lie along this surface and may affect the putative interactions proposed here. A potential unifying hypothesis for the molecular basis of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is discussed here. It involves increased power output of the cardiac muscle as a result of HCM mutations causing the release of inhibition by myosin binding protein C.
Anomalous Rectification and Electrogenic Sodium Transport in a Molluscan Neurone

THE membrane potential of the Anisodoris giant neurone can be regarded as the sum of an ionic diffusion potential (predicted by the constant field equation) and a potential derived from an electrogenic sodium pump; furthermore, the sodium–potassium permeability ratio, PNa/PK, seems to increase with increasing temperature1. I have examined the current–voltage relationships of this cell to determine whether similar factors affect membrane conductance and rectification.
Disappearance of Ribosomes and Polyribosomes during in vivo Erythroid Maturation

Burka and DeBellis1 have compared the disappearance of ribosomes and polyribosomes during in vivo erythroid maturation in the rabbit. In order to study in vivo maturation of circulating erythroid cells labelled with isotope, unobscured by the continued release of new cells from the marrow, they injected labelled cells from a donor animal into a lethally irradiated recipient which continued to receive colchicine. In contrast to previous work2 which they cite on this subject, they failed to find a disproportionate loss of polyribosomes and an increasing proportion of single ribosomes during maturation.
Appreciating Reasons for Nonadherence in Women

Women aged 15-24 years have an HIV infection rate twice that of men the same age. In this study we examined reasons why HIV-infected women taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) report missing HIV medications. Women (N = 206) on ART were 2.2 times more likely to endorse reasons pertaining to forgetfulness versus reasons pertaining to problems taking pills (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.63, 2.94, p <.001). There was a difference between the adherent and nonadherent groups in types of reasons overall (p <.001, 95% CI = -3.82, -2.03). Using a patient-centered approach to understand type of nonadherence (intentional vs. unintentional) may support development of novel interventions.
Correlation of Drug Penetration of Brain and Chemical Structure

A study has been carried out on the permeability of the brain and a brain tumor to certain aromatic boronic acids with regard to their use in the neutron capture therapy of gliomas. The penetration of the brain by these compounds is discussed as a function of chemical substituent and benzene-aqueous partition coefficient.
Retrograde messengers and long-term potentiation: A progress report

Long term potentiation (LTP) is a widely studied form of synaptic plasticity. Brief tetanic stimulation of synaptic afferents in several areas of the brain, most notably the hippocampus, produces long lasting changes in the synaptic strength. The induction of LTP requires in the limit a significant activation of the NMDA receptor and the subsequent entry of calcium into the post synaptic cell. The maintenance of LTP requires at least in part a change in presynaptic function. This review addresses the current thinking in the literature on how a post synaptic induction event may be communicated to the presynaptic terminal and subsequently lead to a series of poorly defined biochemical process that ultimately lead to an enhancement in the efficiency of the potentiated terminal.
The Uncommon Case of Jahi McMath

A 13-year-old patient named Jahi McMath was determined to be dead by neurologic criteria following cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation at a hospital in Oakland, California. Her family did not agree that she was dead and refused to allow her ventilator to be removed. The family's attorney stated in the media that families, rather than physicians, should decide whether patients are dead and argued in the courts that the families' constitutional rights of religion and privacy would be violated otherwise. Ultimately, a judge agreed that the patient was dead in keeping with California law, but the constitutional issue was undecided. The patient was then transferred to a hospital in New Jersey, a state whose laws allow families to require on religious grounds that death be determined by cardiopulmonary criteria. Although cases such as this are uncommon, they demonstrate public confusion about the concept of neurologic death and the rejection of this concept by some families. The confusion may be caused in part by a lack of uniformity in state laws regarding the legal basis of death, as reflected in the differences between New Jersey and California statutes. Families who reject the determination of death by neurologic criteria on religious grounds should be given reasonable accommodation in all states, but society should not pay for costly treatments for patients who meet these criteria unless the state requires it, as only New Jersey does. Laws that give physicians the right to determine death by neurologic criteria in other states probably can survive a constitutional challenge. Physicians and hospitals faced with similar cases in the future should follow state laws and work through the courts if necessary.
Modular organization of ON and OFF responses in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus.

Abstract Multiunit mapping techniques were used to investigate whether or not units with ON- and OFF-center receptive fields occur in an orderly arrangement in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. In the A layers, ON- and OFF-center sites were partially segregated in the dimension parallel to the laminae, with ON-center sites predominant at the dorsal surface of each layer and OFF-center sites relatively more numerous at the ventral surface of the layer. Microelectrode tracks were placed to traverse the visual field map in the nucleus parallel to projection lines, parallel to isoelevation lines and parallel to isoazimuth lines. The tracks placed parallel to projection lines contained long sequences of units of the same center sign, providing evidence that ON and OFF zones are organized in vertical modules which span much or all of the thickness of a layer. The tracks placed parallel to isoelevation and isoazimuth lines contained alternating clusters of ON- and OFF-center sites. These clusters were larger in the dimension representing isoelevation than in the dimension representing isoazimuth. Taken together, these results indicate that the cat lateral geniculate nucleus contains ON and OFF modules oriented perpendicular to the layers.
B Baryon Spectroscopy at D0

Abstract We report on the observation of the Ω b − and Ξ b − baryons with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The Ξ b − was observed in the decay mode Ξ b − → J / Ψ Ξ − with a mass of 5.774 ± 0.011 ± 0.015 GeV/c 2 . The Ω b − was observed in the analogous decay mode Ω b − → J / Ψ Ω − with a mass of 6.165 ± 0.010 ± 0.014 GeV/c 2 .
Gambling problem severity and psychiatric disorders among Hispanic and white adults: findings from a nationally representative sample

Objective To examine differences in the associations of gambling problem severity and psychiatric disorders among a nationally representative sample of Hispanic and white adults.
Upstream Migration of Xylella fastidiosa via Pilus-Driven Twitching Motility

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited nonflagellated bacterium that causes economically important diseases of plants by developing biofilms that block xylem sap flow. How the bacterium is translocated downward in the host plant's vascular system against the direction of the transpiration stream has long been a puzzling phenomenon. Using microfabricated chambers designed to mimic some of the features of xylem vessels, we discovered that X. fastidiosa migrates via type IV-pilus-mediated twitching motility at speeds up to 5 μm min−1 against a rapidly flowing medium (20,000 μm min−1). Electron microscopy revealed that there are two length classes of pili, long type IV pili (1.0 to 5.8 μm) and short type I pili (0.4 to 1.0 μm). We further demonstrated that two knockout mutants (pilB and pilQ mutants) that are deficient in type IV pili do not twitch and are inhibited from colonizing upstream vascular regions in planta. In addition, mutants with insertions in pilB or pilQ (possessing type I pili only) express enhanced biofilm formation, whereas a mutant with an insertion in fimA (possessing only type IV pili) is biofilm deficient.
Alterations in cutaneous immune reactivity to dinitrofluorobenzene in graying C57BL/vi·vi mice

The fur of the C57BL/vi.vi mouse is black at 6 weeks of age. By 6 months of age the animals are white and there are no identifiable pigment cells within the epidermis or hair bulbs. Human subjects with vitiligo exhibit loss of epidermal pigment cells. The loss of pigment cells in human subjects with vitiligo has been associated with loss of cutaneous immune reactivity to contact allergens. Therefore, studies were performed to determine whether loss of pigment cells in these depigmenting mice also was associated with loss of the cutaneous immune response. The number of Ia-positive (Ia +) Langerhans cells (LC)/mm2 on the back and the ear, the sites of sensitization and challenge with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), was quantified before, during, and after depigmentation. We observed that there were fewer LC/mm2 on the back and the ear before and after pigment loss in the graying mice than in the normal control C57BL/6 mice. The young pigmented C57BL/vi.vi mice were capable of developing moderate contact hypersensitivity; the older depigmented mice did not sensitize to DNFB. We conclude that the depigmented mice, like human subjects with vitiligo, have a loss of contact hypersensitivity associated with a loss of pigment cells within the epidermis. In the mouse, loss of melanocytes is associated with a decrease in the population density of Ia + cells.
Effect of Cell Phone Distraction on Pediatric Pedestrian Injury Risk

OBJECTIVE. Early adolescents are using cell phones with increasing frequency. Cell phones are known to distract motor vehicle drivers to the point that their safety is jeopardized, but it is unclear if cell phones might also distract child pedestrians. This study was designed to examine the influence of talking on a cell phone for pediatric pedestrian injury risk. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. Seventy-seven children aged 10 to 11 years old completed simulated road crossings in an immersive, interactive virtual pedestrian environment. In a within-subjects design, children crossed the virtual street 6 times while undistracted and 6 times while distracted by a cell phone conversation with an unfamiliar research assistant. Participants also completed several other experimental tasks hypothesized to predict the impact of distraction while crossing the street and talking on a cell phone. RESULTS. Children's pedestrian safety was compromised when distracted by a cell phone conversation. While distracted, children were less attentive to traffic; left less safe time between their crossing and the next arriving vehicle; experienced more collisions and close calls with oncoming traffic; and waited longer before beginning to cross the street. Analyses testing experience using a cell phone and experience as a pedestrian yielded few significant results, suggesting that distraction on the cell phone might affect children's pedestrian safety no matter what their experience level. There was some indication that younger children and children who are less attentive and more oppositional may be slightly more susceptible to distraction while talking on the cell phone than older, more attentive, and less oppositional children. CONCLUSION. Our results suggest that cell phones distract preadolescent children while crossing streets. Keywords: Driver distraction; Pedestrian distraction Language: en
Static and Dynamic Textures in Superfluid 3He-A

Static textures in confined superfluid 3He-A near Tc are studied with the Ginzburg-Landau free energy. Plane boundaries induce a uniform texture that becomes deformed at a critical perpendicular magnetic field; above that value, the mean super-fluid density measured in torsional oscillations decreases mono-tonically from \(\rho _s^ \bot \) to ρs ||. Cylindrical boundaries induce a flared texture, with a circulating current and an angular momentum per particle ≈ 0.782 hρs||/ρ; this configuration deforms continuously with increasing axial magnetic field up to a critical value, when a discrete transition takes place to a planar texture with neither current nor angular momentum. Leggett’s dynamical equations are generalized to incorporate static inhomogeneous textures, which then represent the zero-order solutions in the presence of a weak r-f field. The first-order response characterizes the various textures, which may permit an unambiguous experimental identification.
Improved analytical representation of argon thermodynamic behavior

Abstract The equation of state of Gosman and coworkers has been used extensively to calculate the thermodynamic properties of simple fluids. Gosman's equation of state, however, is inadequate when calculations are made (a) for liquids at low temperatures, (b) for fluids at very high temperatures and pressures, (c) for the derived thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy, entropy, etc., at low temperatures. One of the objectives of this work was to improve the equation of state and extend its use to lower temperatures and higher pressures. Based on perturbation theory using Pople's expansion for moderately anisotropic fluids, the equation of state accurately represents vapor pressures, densities and enthalpy departures of vapor, liquid, and fluid states as functions of three parameters (reduced temperature, reduced density and acentric factor) over the range Tr = 0.3 to 3.3 and Pr = 0 to 132 for simple fluids. The result is an improved analytical representation of these properties at low temperatures and high pressures for simple fluids. This equation of state should be useful for calculating reference system properties in perturbation equation of state studies.
Distribution of silver nanoparticles in pregnant mice and developing embryos

The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in pregnant mice and their developing embryos. Silver NPs (average diameter 50 nm) were intravenously injected into pregnant CD-1 mice on gestation days (GDs) 7, 8, and 9 at dose levels of 0, 35, or 66 μg Ag/mouse. Mice were euthanised on GD10, and tissue samples were collected and analysed for silver content. Compared with control animals injected with citrate buffer vehicle, silver content was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in nearly all tissues from silver NP-treated mice. Silver accumulation was significantly higher in liver, spleen, lung, tail (injection site), visceral yolk sac, and endometrium compared with other organs from silver NP-treated mice. Furthermore, silver NPs were identified in vesicles in endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac. In summary, the results demonstrated that silver NPs distributed to most maternal organs, extra-embryonic tissues, and embryos, but did not accumulate significantly in embryos.
Clinical Experience With Three-Dimensional Treatment Planning.

Abstract It is now possible routinely to use 3-D treatment planning and 3-D dose-delivery techniques in a busy radiation oncology clinic. While labor-intensive at first, dosimetrists, physicists, and physicians become more skilled in applying these planning techniques as experience increases. With the development of faster computers, faster dose-calculational algorithms, and software for automatic structure recognition and automatic plan optimization, 3-D treatment planning will become easier and less expensive in the upcoming years. Dose escalation studies are underway to determine the maximum tolerated dose that can be given to a variety of tumor sites using this new technology. Over time, randomized clinical trials will be necessary to determine the ultimate value of this new style of therapy.
Coupling of BEM with a large displacement and rotation algorithm

In stability analysis of rock blocks, the deformability of the blocks can conveniently be simulated using the boundary element method (BEM). However, all boundary conditions are given as stresses. Thus, the displacement solution is not unique. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to remove rigid body motions in the solution of the boundary form of Somigliana identity discretized by the direct BEM formulation. The algorithm is applied to the calculation of the normal stiffness of rock blocks and coupled with BS3D, large displacement and rotation algorithm for the general stability of rock blocks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capacity of correlated MIMO Rayleigh channels

Abstract-This paper presents some exact results on the capacity of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels subject to correlated Rayleigh fading when perfect channel state information (CSI) is known at the receiver. The authors focus on the semicorrelated scenario in which correlation exists either at the transmitter or at the receiver., They consider two cases: 1) the transmitter does not have any CSI and as such allocates power equally among transmitter antennas and 2) the transmitter only knows the statistical distribution of the channel. The first case derives the moment generating function (MGF) of the mutual information (MI) and then deduces from this MGF the mean MI. The authors also study the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the MI, which can serve as an upper bound to the outage probability under the capacity versus outage formulation when the channel is nonergodic. The second case studies the capacity achieved by optimum power-loading and beamforming schemes based on covariance feedback. Numerical results illustrate that the full capacity of MIMO systems can be preserved even for relatively high values of correlation coefficients.
Gamma-Ray Constraints on Supernova Nucleosynthesis

Gamma-ray spectroscopy holds great promise for probing nucleosynthesis in individual supernova explosions via short-lived radioactivity, and for measuring current global Galactic supernova nucleosynthesis with longer-lived radioactivity. It was somewhat surprising that the former case was realized first for a Type II supernova, when both Co-56 and Co-57 were detected in SN 1987A. These provide unprecedented constraints on models of Type II explosions and nucleosynthesis. Live Al-26 in the Galaxy might come from Type II supernovae, and if it is eventually shown to be so, can constrain massive star evolution, supernova nucleosynthesis, and the Galactic Type II supernova rate. Type Ia supernovae, thought to be thermonuclear explosions, have not yet been detected in gamma-rays. This is somewhat surprising given current models and recent Co-56 detection attempts. Ultimately, gamma-ray measurements can confirm their thermonuclear nature, probe the nuclear burning conditions, and help evaluate their contributions to Galactic nucleosynthesis. Type Ib/c supernovae are poorly understood. Whether they are core collapse or thermonuclear events might be ultimately settled by gamma-ray observations. Depending on details of the nuclear processing, any of these supernova types might contribute to a detectable diffuse glow of Fe-60 gamma-ray lines. Previous attempts at detection have come very close to expected emission levels. Remnants of any type of age less that a few centuries might be detectable as individual spots of Ti-44 gamma-ray line emission. It is in fact quite surprising that previous surveys have not discovered such spots, and the constraints on the combination of nucleosynthesis yields and supernova rates are very interesting. All of these interesting limits and possibilities mean that the next mission, International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), if it has sufficient sensitivity, is very likely to lead to the realization of much of the great potential of gamma-ray spectroscopy for understanding supernovae.
Spectrophotometry as a tool for assaying endotoxins

A spectrophotometric method is reported for assaying endotoxins over a wide concentration range, including low parts per billion levels. Five solutions of endotoxins, Escherichia coli 0127:B8, Escherichia coli 055:B5, Salmonella abortus-equi, Salmonella enteritidis, and Shigella flexneri, were examined. Each exhibited an absorption maximum at 259 nm, but the absorptivities differed in each case. Thus, rigorous quantification requires that the identity of the endotoxin be known. The UV absorbance and the statistical data for the standard curves for three groups of standard solutions are presented. The absorbance for each group was linear with concentration within acceptable limits.
Trading restenosis for thrombosis? New questions about drug-eluting stents.

In approving drug-eluting stents, the FDA obliged manufacturers to track all subjects in their pivotal clinical trials for 5 years. Dr. Miriam Shuchman discusses the recent data that challenge the golden reputation of drug-eluting stents.
DIFFERENTIAL ACTION OF NEURAMINIDASE ON HUMAN SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASES.

BOYER1 noted that blood serum from normal adults produced in starch-gel zymograms one or two major zones of phosphatase activity between the transferrin and the haptoglobin 1–1 regions. Occasionally there was also a faint band near the origin. Similar patterns were later reported by other investigators2–5.
The galerkin method and feedback control of linear distributed parameter systems

Abstract In the development of feedback control theory for distributed parameter systems (DPS), i.e., systems described by partial differential equations, it is important to maintain the finite dimensionality of the controller even though the DPS is infinite dimensional. Since this dimension is directly related to the available on-line computer capacity, it must be finite (and not very large) in order to make the controller implementable from an engineering standpoint. In previous work, it has been our intention to investigate what can be accomplished by finite-dimensional control of infinite-dimensional systems; in particular, we have concentrated on controller design and closed-loop stability. The starting point for all of this is some means for producing a finite-dimensional approximation—a reduced-order model—of the actual DPS. When the “modes” of the DPS are known, the natural candidate for model reduction is projection onto the modal subspace spanned by a finite number of critical modes. Unfortunately, in real engineering systems, these modes are never known exactly and some other reasonable approximation must be used. In this paper, the model reduction is based on the well-known Galerkin procedure. We generate the Galerkin reduced-order model and develop a finite-dimensional controller from it; then we analyze the stability of this controller in closed loop with the actual DPS. Our results indicate conditions under which model reduction based on consistent Galerkin approximations will lead to stable finite-dimensional control.
626 THE MEASUREMENT OF PLATELET-ASSOCIATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (PAIgG) IN EVALUATING CHILDHOOD IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (ITP)

626 THE MEASUREMENT OF PLATELET-ASSOCIATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (PAIgG) IN EVALUATING CHILDHOOD IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA (ITP)
Alveolar variant of invasive lobular carcinoma in a fibroadenoma.

by intense parenchymal background enhancement. Our histopathological findings of invasive adenoid cystic carcinoma confirm the importance of pathological examination of reduction mammoplasty specimens for breast carcinoma screening. It is also clear that a more extensive evaluation should be performed in patients with a history of breast carcinoma. Adequate sampling of reduction specimens is essential for accurate diagnosis and is vital for optimal clinical management.
Reducing Crime and Conflict in Kentucky's Schools

Reacting to concerns about crime and fear in their schools, staff of the Kentucky Regional Community Policing Institute introduced, during the 2000 to 2001 academic year, a pilot effort at student-led problem solving. Conducted in six Kentucky high schools, this effort was intended to determine if student-based efforts could improve quality of life on school campuses while increasing students' sense of empowerment and school commitment. The project's evaluation identified problems of implementation and offers recommendations to strengthen future efforts.
Some approaches to computer analysis of dialogue in theater: Buero Vallejo's En la ardiente oscuridad

The dramatic text features dialogue as communication among characters for the benefit of the reader or audience. Computer analysis of selected parameters in the clearly defined rhetorical unit that is dialogue can test hypotheses, confirm intuitive criticism, and help discover structural, thematic, and discursive patterns that even close reading may not detect. This study describes approaches to the dialogue of a well known contemporary Spanish play that are neither time-consuming nor labor-intensive. Ready-made software can produce data and graphs for dialogal structuring, repeat rates of semantic fields, distribution and density of theme words and imagery, interaction of characters, and idiolects.
Stability and superluminality of spherical DBI Galileon solutions

The Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) Galileons are a generalization of the Galileon terms, which extend the internal Galilean symmetry to an internal relativistic symmetry, and can also be thought of as generalizations of DBI which yield second order field equations. We show that, when considered as local modifications to gravity, such as in the Solar System, there exists a region of parameter space in which spherically symmetric static solutions exist and are stable. However, these solutions always exhibit superluminality, casting doubt on the existence of a standard Lorentz invariant UV completion.
in vitro effects of cadmium and lead on ATPases in the gill of the rock crab, Cancer irroratus

In this study with the rock crab, Cancer irroratus, the effects of lead and cadmium on enzymes in the gill are studied. This organ is intimately involved in osmoregulation as well as respiration in the estuarine animal. Metal uptake studies with crustacea have shown high initial concentrations in gill tissue. Sodium-potassium-ATPase is a key enzyme in cellular water balance and in osmoregulation in the whole animal. The membrane bound gill Na/sup +/-K/sup +/ATPase, being intimately exposed to the aqueous environment, seemed an excellent candidate for testing effects of environmentally occurring heavy metals. As part of the enzyme assay procedure, the activity of other ATPases present in the tissue preparations was also determined. Some of this ATPase activity is mirochondrial and important in cellular energy metabolism. While mitochondrial enzyme exposure to environmental heavy metals may be less direct than that of cellular membrane enzyme, their inhibition could have equally detrimental effects on the function of the total organism.