cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cloud condensation nucleus activity comparison of dry- and wet-generated mineral dust aerosol: the significance of soluble material

Abstract. This study examines the interaction of clay mineral particles and water vapor for determining the conditions required for cloud droplet formation. Droplet formation conditions are investigated for two common clay minerals, illite and sodium-rich montmorillonite, and an industrially derived sample, Arizona Test Dust. Using wet and dry particle generation coupled to a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and cloud condensation nuclei counter, the critical activation of the clay mineral particles as cloud condensation nuclei is characterized. Electron microscopy (EM) is used in order to determine non-sphericity in particle shape. It is also used in order to determine particle surface area and account for transmission of multiply charged particles by the DMA. Single particle mass spectrometry and ion chromatography are used to investigate soluble material in wet-generated samples and demonstrate that wet and dry generation yield compositionally different particles. Activation results are analyzed in the context of both κ-Kohler theory (κ-KT) and Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) adsorption activation theory. This study has two main results: (1) κ-KT is the suitable framework to describe clay mineral nucleation activity. Apparent differences in κ with respect to size arise from an artifact introduced by improper size-selection methodology. For dust particles with mobility sizes larger than ~300 nm, i.e., ones that are within an atmospherically relevant size range, both κ-KT and FHH theory yield similar critical supersaturations. However, the former requires a single hygroscopicity parameter instead of the two adjustable parameters required by the latter. For dry-generated particles, the size dependence of κ is likely an artifact of the shape of the size distribution: there is a sharp drop-off in particle concentration at ~300 nm, and a large fraction of particles classified with a mobility diameter less than ~300 nm are actually multiply charged, resulting in a much lower critical supersaturation for droplet activation than expected. For wet-generated particles, deviation from κ-KT is likely a result of the dissolution and redistribution of soluble material. (2) Wet generation is found to be unsuitable for simulating the lofting of fresh dry dust because it changes the size-dependent critical supersaturations by fractionating and re-partitioning soluble material.
Analysis of intelligent Wide Area System-Centric Controller and Observer for power system stabilization using DHP control architecture

In this paper, we propose an intelligent approach to power system stabilization using a Wide Area System Centric Controller and Observer (WASCCO). This architecture augments local controllers connected to generators such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) based on Intelligent Supervisory Loop (ISL) concept implemented with WASCCO. For the monitoring and control of multiple generators a Dual Heuristic Programming (DHP) action-critic neural network architecture is utilized. This coupled with a predictive Wide Area Neural Network Identifier (WANNID) generates a control signal to augment local controller. The controller performance is tested on a five generator, eight buses, two area power network to damp inter-area model oscillations. Also an intelligent agent cluster is designed at major power system buses that interact with WASCCO. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed controller is capable of improving the stabilization of the generator.
Vascular Imaging abnormalities and cognition: Mediation by cortical volume in nondemented individuals: Atherosclerosis risk in communities-neurocognitive study

Background and Purpose—The relationships between cerebrovascular lesions visible on imaging and cognition are complex. We explored the possibility that the cerebral cortical volume mediated these relationships. Methods—Total of 1906 nondemented participants (59% women; 25% African–American; mean age, 76.6 years) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study underwent cognitive assessments, risk factor assessments, and quantitative MRI for white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and infarcts. The Freesurfer imaging analysis pipeline was used to determine regional cerebral volumes. We examined the associations of cognitive domain outcomes with cerebral volumes (hippocampus and separate groups of posterior and frontal cortical regions of interest) and cerebrovascular imaging features (presence of large or small cortical/subcortical infarcts and WMH volume). We performed mediation pathway analyses to assess the hypothesis that hippocampal and cortical volumes mediated the associations between cerebrovas...
Nonlinear analysis and power improvement of broadband low-frequency piezomagnetoelastic energy harvesters

A significant impediment to the deploy- ment of vibration-based energy harvesting devices has been the limitation of most low-frequency transduc- ers, usually in the form of unimorph or bimorph can- tileverbeam,toextractenergyfromaverynarrowband- width around the transducer's fundamental frequency. In such devices, a slight deviation from the fundamen- tal frequency causes a significant reduction in the level of harvested power by several orders of magnitudes. Additionally,mostofthecurrentresearcheffortsonthe design of piezoelectric energy harvesters have had lim- ited success in achieving low resonance frequency. To overcome these challenges, we introduce an enhanced broadband low-frequency piezomagnetoelastic energy harvester. This harvester consists of a partially cov- ered piezoelectric cantilever beam with a fixed magnet mass at the top of the magnet tip mass. A nonlinear distributed-parameter model based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Galerkin discretization is developed. This electromechanical model is validated with previ- ous experimental measurements for a specific value of the spacing distance between the two magnets. A para- metric study is performed to determine the effects of the spacing distance between the two magnets on the static position of the harvester, natural frequency, and level of the harvested power. It is demonstrated that a decrease between the two attractive magnets results in a decrease in the natural frequency of the harvester withastrongsofteningbehaviorwhichgivestheoppor- tunity to harvest energy at broadband low-frequency range. The results also show that the presence and importance of the softening behavior depends on the electrical load resistance. In conclusion, the results show that depending on the available low excitation frequency, an enhanced piezoelectric energy harvester can be tuned and optimized by changing the spacing distance between the two tip magnets.
Contrasting Fundamental and Realized Ecological Niches with Epiphytic Lichen Transplants in an Old-Growth Pseudotsuga Forest

Abstract Three lichen transplant experiments examined the effect of height in the canopy on the growth rates of four lichen species, using the Wind River Canopy Crane in an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest in the Cascade Range of southern Washington. A total of 40 to 100 transplants were used for each species, and growth was measured over a one-year period. We then compared the vertical profiles of growth rates to the vertical profiles of natural abundance. The vertical pattern of abundance of Letharia vulpina more or less corresponded with the vertical pattern in growth rates. The other two species for which we had vertical profiles in both abundance (realized niche) and growth of transplants (fundamental niche) showed some potentially important discrepancies between the two niche spaces. Usnea peaked in abundance at the highest levels in the canopy, but appeared to reach a maximum growth rate at about 30 m. The treetop environment is evidently ideal for Usnea, and its capacity for rapid growth sugges...
Fluoroquinolone interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase: Enhancing drug activity against wild-type and resistant gyrase.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a significant source of global morbidity and mortality. Moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones are important therapeutic agents for the treatment of tuberculosis, particularly multidrug-resistant infections. To guide the development of new quinolone-based agents, it is critical to understand the basis of drug action against M. tuberculosis gyrase and how mutations in the enzyme cause resistance. Therefore, we characterized interactions of fluoroquinolones and related drugs with WT gyrase and enzymes carrying mutations at GyrAA90 and GyrAD94. M. tuberculosis gyrase lacks a conserved serine that anchors a water–metal ion bridge that is critical for quinolone interactions with other bacterial type II topoisomerases. Despite the fact that the serine is replaced by an alanine (i.e., GyrAA90) in M. tuberculosis gyrase, the bridge still forms and plays a functional role in mediating quinolone–gyrase interactions. Clinically relevant mutations at GyrAA90 and GyrAD94 cause quinolone resistance by disrupting the bridge–enzyme interaction, thereby decreasing drug affinity. Fluoroquinolone activity against WT and resistant enzymes is enhanced by the introduction of specific groups at the C7 and C8 positions. By dissecting fluoroquinolone–enzyme interactions, we determined that an 8-methyl-moxifloxacin derivative induces high levels of stable cleavage complexes with WT gyrase and two common resistant enzymes, GyrAA90V and GyrAD94G. 8-Methyl-moxifloxacin was more potent than moxifloxacin against WT M. tuberculosis gyrase and displayed higher activity against the mutant enzymes than moxifloxacin did against WT gyrase. This chemical biology approach to defining drug–enzyme interactions has the potential to identify novel drugs with improved activity against tuberculosis.
How Well Do People Rate Their Performance With Different Cursor Settings

Users have many different reasons to choose one product over another and may not be fully aware of why. Understanding these reasons could help Human Factors professionals enhance the user experience by influencing design. In this study, we compared users’ subjective ratings of their performances to their actual performances to examine their ability to evaluate their performance during a point and click task using a clickpad. We used seven notebook computers and adjusted the cursor speeds in the control panel. The experimental design is within subjects with two within-group cursor speed conditions, slow and fast. Results indicate that participants are not able to accurately rank their performance on this task.
Moment-tensor solutions for three 1982 Arkansas swarm earthquakes by waveform modeling

Moment-tensor solutions of three earthquakes recorded in the 1982 Arkansas swarm area (Haar et al. , 1984) are obtained. Since a correct model is essential in such analysis, the earthquake of 29 June 1982 (07h 00m 27.94s) was used as the calibration event for the final structural model. An essential component of the analysis consisted of low-pass filtering of both observed and predicted seismograms to minimize the effect of different P - and S -wave pulse shapes due to source dynamics. The choice of a 15-Hz corner frequency was governed by corner frequency estimates of 10 to 13 Hz for these events (Haar et al. , 1984). The focal mechanisms of these events are determined to be predominantly strike-slip, with east to northeast-trending pressure axes, compatible with single event focal mechanisms for other earthquakes in the swarm area (Johnston and Metzger, 1982; Chiu et al. , 1984; Haar et al. , 1984). The major difference is in the estimates of seismic moments, two to ten times smaller than those determined using frequency domain techniques (Haar et al. , 1984). The value of this detailed analysis lies in its ability to calibrate local structure, which will hopefully permit deconvolution of the propagation effects to characterize the source properties.
Jaundice After Surgery

This case discusses possible pharmacokinetic interactions involving halothane and possible cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibitors including isoniazid, disulfiram, and watercress.
Analysis and Comparison of Domestic and Foreign 500 kV Breaker Protections

This article is based on 500 kV protection application principle of East China Grid.It analyzes and compares 500 kV breaker failure protection by foreign and domestic manufacturers.From the way they achieve lockout single phase re-trip,prepare three phase trip and auto re-closing,it summarizes their merits and defects,gives some suggestion for improvement.Finally,it describes some concepts,which maybe conducive to better understanding.
Evidence-based medicine for all: what we can learn from a programme providing free access to an online clinical resource to health workers in resource-limited settings.

The rapidly changing landscape of medical knowledge and guidelines requires health professionals to have immediate access to current, reliable clinical resources. Access to evidence is instrumental in reducing diagnostic errors and generating better health outcomes. UpToDate, a leading evidence-based clinical resource is used extensively in the USA and other regions of the world and has been linked to lower mortality and length of stay in US hospitals. In 2009, the Global Health Delivery Project collaborated with UpToDate to provide free subscriptions to qualifying health workers in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the provision of UpToDate access to health workers by analysing their usage patterns. Since 2009, ∼2000 individual physicians and healthcare institutions from 116 countries have received free access to UpToDate through our programme. During 2013–2014, users logged into UpToDate ∼150 000 times; 61% of users logged in at least weekly; users in Africa were responsible for 54% of the total usage. Search patterns reflected local epidemiology with ‘clinical manifestations of malaria’ as the top search in Africa, and ‘management of hepatitis B’ as the top search in Asia. Our programme demonstrates that there are barriers to evidence-based clinical knowledge in resource-limited settings we can help remove. Some assumed barriers to its expansion (poor internet connectivity, lack of training and infrastructure) might pose less of a burden than subscription fees.
Criminal Prosecution—A Jumpstart for Laboratory Safety Accountability?:

Until recently, academic institutions and Principal Investigators (PIs) maintained a de-facto immunity from criminal prosecution for worker injuries and deaths attributed to unsafe laboratory practices. This status quo changed in 2011 when a state prosecutor filed felony charges for statutory and regulatory safety violations against the Regents of a state university system and a tenured professor. This unprecedented action was the first time a University Board of Regents and a professor at a university were jointly charged with felony violations associated with laboratory procedures that resulted in the death of a laboratory worker. This article presents sentinel factors associated with the prosecution and settlement of the prosecution, with a discussion of resulting implications for academic institutions/institutes and PIs.
Modeling and Modifying Response of Biochemical Processes for Biocomputing and Biosensing Signal Processing

Processes involving multi-input multi-step reaction cascades are used in developing novel biosensing, biocomputing, and decision making systems. In various applications different changes in responses of the constituent processing steps (reactions) in a cascade are desirable in order to allow control of the system’s response. Here we consider conversion of convex response to sigmoid by “intensity filtering,” as well as “threshold filtering,” and we offer a general overview of this field of research. Specifically, we survey rate equation modelling that has been used for enzymatic reactions. This allows us to design modified biochemical processes as “network components” with responses desirable in applications.
Transient neuropathic bladder following herpes simplex genitalis

A case of transient bladder dysfunction and urinary retention concomitant with herpes genitalis is presented. The protean manifestations of the herpes simplex virus, the similar neurotropic behavior of simplex and zoster, and the neurologic sequelae of the cutaneous simplex eruption are discussed. The possibility of sacral radiculopathy after herpes genitalis must be considered when evaluating acute or episodic neurogenic bladders.
The Moral Practice of Disrupting Norms

Black queer people acknowledge and respond to the social constructions that shape black queer subjectivity and familial relations by disrupting oppressive norms and processes of normalization. Disrupting norms is an important way that black queers exercise moral agency in relation to family, and black queers’ use of disruption both confronts and destabilizes norms of relationality built on unjust power dynamics and oppressive notions of race, gender, and sexuality. Young explores the economies of relation that become stabilized through the norms of capitalism and heteropatriarchy and delineates the process of disrupting norms, explaining how it requires an ongoing commitment to recognizing technologies of normalization.
A novel memory cell using flash array contactless EPROM (FACE) technology

A single transistor flash memory cell which utilizes channel hot electron injection for programming and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling for erase is described. This flash memory technology uses a buried N/sup +/ bitline to connect the memory transistors rather than metal and contacts. Elimination of contacts results in a 45% cell area shrink of the conventional ETOX cell (based on 1.0 mu m design rules). A 4.48 mu m/sup 2/ cell area is also realized by using a 0.8 mu m technology. In addition to this cell scalability, the diffusion corner induced erase threshold bimodality can be reduced due to the intrinsic stripe geometries in the memory array. Furthermore, this contact/metal related layout rules can be relaxed, which allows this contactless approach to be extended to future generations without requiring complicated contact processing. Hence, the flash array contactless EPROM (FACE) technology lends itself to a very compact cell as well as a more manufacturable process. >
Tadarida braziliensis (Mexican free-tailed bat)

A number of the “acrocentric” chromosomes have distinct second arm and one pair bears a secondary constriction near the centromere. Identification of the X chromosome is not too difficult. Though the X is morphologically similar to the second pair of largest metacentric autosomes, it is slightly shorter than these autosomes. The Y chromosome is the smallest element of the complement.
Utility of trigger point injection as an adjunct to physical therapy in men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Background: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is often associated with pelvic floor muscle spasm. While pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) is effective, some men are unable to resolve their symptoms and have residual trigger points (TPs). TP injection has been used for treatment in several neuromuscular pain syndromes. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and side effects of TP injection in men with CP/CPPS and pelvic floor spasm refractory to PT. Methods: Using an IRB approved Men’s Health Registry we reviewed the records of all men with a diagnosis of CP/CPPS who received at least 1 TP injection. Patients were phenotyped with UPOINT (all had the “T” domain for tenderness of muscle) and symptoms measured with the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI). Response was measured by a 5-point Global Response Assessment (GRA) and change in CPSI (paired t-test). For pelvic TPs, a pudendal block was done in lithotomy position and then each TP was identified transrectally by palpation. A nerve block needle was passed through the perineum into the TP confirmed by palpation. Between 0.5–1 cc was injected into each TP of a local anesthetic mixture (30:70 of 2% lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine). For anterior TPs, an ultrasound guided ilioinguinal block was done first and then each TP injected by direct palpation through the abdominal skin. Men were offered up to three sets of injections separated by 6 weeks each. Results: We identified 37 patients who had a total of 68 procedures. Three men had no follow-up after their first injection and were included for side effects but not included for outcome. The indication was failure to progress on PT in 33, recurrent symptoms in 1 and refusal to do PT in 3. Mean age was 43.7 years (range 21–70 years) and median UPOINT domains was 3 (range 1–5). Initial CPSI was pain 13.7±3.4, urinary 5.3±2.2, quality of life 9.8±2.1 and total 28.8±6.0. 16 men had 1 injection, 11 had 2 and 10 had 3. All had pelvic TPs injected and 9 also had anterior TPs. By GRA, 12 had significant improvement (35.3%), 10 had some improvement (29.4%), 11 had no change (32.3%) and 1 was worse (2.9%). Mean CPSI dropped from 28.8±6.0 to 21.8±7.2 (P Conclusions: TP injection in CP/CPPS patients as an adjunct to PT is well tolerated and leads to symptom improvement in about half. Durability and long term results are yet to be determined.
Green Laboratories: University Campuses as Sustainability “Exemplars” in the Arabian Peninsula

ABSTRACTLike many universities in the West, universities across the Arabian Peninsula are increasingly home to various conspicuous sustainability initiatives. This article examines this trend at three of the region’s most prominent projects: NYU-Abu Dhabi in the Emirates, Qatar Foundation’s Education City, and Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Based on the textual analysis and informed by fieldwork in these countries since 2012, this article joins interdisciplinary research in political geography, sustainability experimentation, and laboratory studies to understand their iconic campuses not as enclaves, but as “exemplars” of sustainability and renewable energy futures in the region. Tracing their effects beyond their walls, I argue that they have mostly been limited to symbolically injecting sustainability into public discourse. While more substantial shifts toward sustainable development in the region are underway, these have largely stemmed from market forces rather than...
The map as knowledge base

This paper examines the concept and implementation of a map as a knowledge base. A map as a knowledge base means that the visual map is not only the descriptive compilation of data and design princ...
Thoreau in the 21st Century

Laura Dassow Walls’s superb biography of Henry David Thoreau is the most important study of this author thus far in the twenty-first century. Beautifully written, and packed with rich detail and subtle interpretation, Walls’s book teaches us much that is new about Thoreau and, furthermore, prompts us to think more deeply about and reassess this complex person and challenging writer—a writer whose range and mass of published and unpublished work, produced during his all too brief life (he died at age 44), is astounding. Thoreau is an inspiring radical voice for personal change and social reform, yet he is, at the same time, extremely self-centered and highly skeptical about the capacity of readers and audiences to bring about the transformations that he advocates.
UNDERSTANDING NORMS AND CHANGING THEM

It is crucial for policymakers to focus their attention on social norms if they want to improve policy outcomes, but doing so brings in new normative questions about the appropriate role of the state. Indeed, I argue that efforts to reduce coercion at the state level can create potentially pernicious and difficult to eliminate forms of coercion at the informal level. This creates a new normative challenge for thinking about the broader regulatory apparatus, and complicates our approach in utilizing social norms for democratic policy ends. I will distinguish between two forms of social norms orientations in policy: a diagnostic approach and a design approach. We will see that the diagnostic approach better models a Humean approach to supporting social norms, and a design approach has a more Millian character. While it is easier to justify a design approach in the abstract, as it has very little room for abuses of state authority, if Mill is right that social norms can be a source of coercive power that runs afoul of the harm principle, then a design approach will sometimes be necessary to counter this form of tyranny. However, this latter approach is complex, and as such we may want to take a recommendation from Mockus to focus on deliberative approaches to norm change.
Opioid and non-opioid utilization at home following gastrointestinal procedures: a prospective cohort study

Overprescribing of opioid medications for patients to be used at home after surgery is common. We sought to ascertain important patient and procedural characteristics that are associated with low versus high rates of self-reported utilization of opioids at home, 1–4 weeks after discharge following gastrointestinal surgery. We developed a survey consisting of questions from NIH PROMIS tools for pain intensity/interference and queries on postoperative analgesic use. Adult patients completed the survey weekly during the first month after discharge. Using regression procedures we determined the patient and procedure characteristics that predicted high post-discharge opioid use operationalized as 75 mg oral morphine equivalents/50 mg oxycodone reported taken. The survey response rate was 86% (201/233). High opioid use was reported by 52.7% of patients (106/201). Median reported intake of opioid pain pills was 7 for week #1 and 0 for weeks #2–4. Combinations of acetaminophen and non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs were used by 8.9%–12.5% of patients after discharge. Following adjustment for significant variables of the univariate analysis, last 24-h in-hospital opioid intake remained as a significant co-variate for post-discharge opioid intake. After gastrointestinal surgery, the equivalent of each oxycodone 5 mg tablet taken in the last 24 h before discharge increases the likelihood of taking the equivalent of > 10 oxycodone 5 mg tablets by 5%. Non-opioid analgesia was utilized in less than half of the cases. Maximizing non-opioid analgesic therapy and basing opioid prescriptions on 24-h pre-discharge opioid intake may improve the quality of post-discharge pain management.
Conclusion: Figuring the Future—Queer Time in Contemporary Literature

In her conclusion, Haffey focuses on how the contemporary authors examined throughout her book repurposed modernist temporalities in order to develop new approaches to the future. To do this, Haffey provides a summary and analysis of the debate that has occupied queer theorists for the past 15–20 years concerning the viability of the future as concept. While scholars like Lee Edelman reject wholesale the rhetoric of futurism, others like Jose Esteban Munoz have developed scholarship around the notion of “queer futurity.” At the end of her book, Haffey revisits the contemporary authors she has examined throughout to show how the modernist temporalities reimagined by these authors take on new resonances in the late twentieth century as they turn to issues of futurity.
Overview of Current us Longwall Gateroad Support Practices: an Update

In 2015, 40 longwall mines provided nearly 60% of the US coal production from underground mining methods. This represents a substantial yet gradual increase from just under 50% over the last 5 years. As a result of this increased production share, the percentage of ground-fall-related fatalities in longwall mines has also increased when compared to all US underground coal mines. Additionally, about 80% of ground-fall-related fatalities have occurred in areas where the roof was supported. In an attempt to better understand the status quo of current US longwall support practices, a sample of 25 longwall mines were visited representing nearly 50% of the currently active longwall mines representing all of the major US longwall-producing regions. The resulting data was obtained from a wide variety of overburden depths, geologic conditions, mining heights, ground conditions, support practices, and gateroad configurations. The data collected is reported using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Results from the research update previous efforts in classifying mining accidents and injuries as well as current support practices presented by this author at the 2017 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, & Exploration Annual Meeting. This data provides a necessary background for future research aimed at further reduction of ground fall accidents and injuries.
On using computational versus data-driven methods for uncertainty propagation of isotopic uncertainties

Abstract This work presents two different methods for quantifying and propagating the uncertainty associated with fuel composition at end of life for cask criticality calculations. The first approach, the computational approach uses parametric uncertainty including those associated with nuclear data, fuel geometry, material composition, and plant operation to perform forward depletion on Monte-Carlo sampled inputs. These uncertainties are based on experimental and prior experience in criticality safety. The second approach, the data-driven approach relies on using radiochemcial assay data to derive code bias information. The code bias data is used to perturb the isotopic inventory in the data-driven approach. For both approaches, the uncertainty in keff for the cask is propagated by performing forward criticality calculations on sampled inputs using the distributions obtained from each approach. It is found that the data driven approach yielded a higher uncertainty than the computational approach by about 500 pcm. An exploration is also done to see if considering correlation between isotopes at end of life affects keff uncertainty, and the results demonstrate an effect of about 100 pcm.
Developing a Systemic, Scalable Model to Broaden Participation in Middle School Computer Science

This poster describes the overarching goals of a newly awarded NSF-funded grant (DRL-1837439) designed to address the provision of equitable access to underrepresented students (e.g., females, African-Americans, Hispanic/Latinx) in computing. Collaborative Research: Broadening Participation with the STEM Ecosystem: Developing a Scalable Model using an RPP Approach evolved out of the research team’s past experiences with developing strategic partnerships with school administrators and classroom teachers to bring computationally-rich activities to students throughout the school day, but especially in core math and science courses.
Left-Sided Diverticulosis is a Risk Factor for Distal Colon Polyps

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous small to mid-sized studies have found an inconsistent relationship between diverticulosis and colon polyps. We assessed the odds of polyps in patients with left-sided diverticulosis (LDV) compared to patients without LDV, and if a predilection for polyps in the distal colon (DC) versus the proximal colon (PC) existed. METHODS In this case-control, retrospective study records of all patients in the Cleveland Clinic undergoing average-risk, screening colonoscopy between January 2011-August 2017 were identified. Baseline characteristics were described. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify odds of polyps in PC and DC after adjusting for clinical and colonoscopic factors. RESULTS 50,703 patients (mean age=60 years; 48% male) were included; 38.9% of patients had LDV. Compared to patients without LDV, those with LDV more often had adenomas (33.2% vs 27.8%; p <0.001), hyperplastic polyps (HPs) (18.3% vs 16.2%; p <0.001), and sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) (4.8% vs 4.3%; P=0.011). LDV was associated with adenomas in the DC (OR, 1.59; 95%CI, 1.52, 1.67) more than the PC (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.10, 1.21), with HPs equally in the PC (OR, 1.27; 95%CI, 1.20, 1.34) and DC (OR, 1.28; 95%CI, 1.19, 1.38), and with SSPs in the DC only (OR, 1.50; 95%CI, 1.34, 1.67). CONCLUSIONS LDV is associated with a significantly increased risk of adenomas, HPs, and SSPs, but the association was stronger for adenomas in the DC. Careful inspection of the DC should be encouraged in patients with LDV. More research is needed to understand this phenomenon.
Video Commentary: Rapid-Fire Assessment of Surgical Cognitive Skills.

Objective We describe the use of “Video Commentary”, an assessment using a set of operative videos, to assess trainees’ surgical cognitive skills (operative knowledge, spatial awareness, and surgical insight). Design & Setting The Video Commentary assessment has been routinely administered to Postgraduate Year (PGY) 1-5 general surgery residents since 2014 as part of a biannual multistation, OSCE-type exam at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Video Commentary is a rapid-fire, 6-minute assessment, where trainees watch a series of 20 to 30 second operative video clips and comment on them as they play. Each clip varies in procedure, approach, difficulty, and complexity. The combination of video clips differs according to trainees’ PGY level except for a few videos that overlap among PGY groups. The name of the procedure is provided at the beginning of each clip with a countdown timer showing in the corner of the screen. A comprehensive checklist is used to score trainees’ performance in real-time. Discussion Assessment of trainees of different levels and staff surgeons show a positive correlation with the experience level (p = 0.0001). The assessment provides a safe alternative to assess trainees in the operating room and encourages them to become more effective communicators. With the use of technology, large video databases can be created to provide just-in-time tailored feedback to the trainees. Conclusions Video Commentary can serve as a time and resource-efficient assessment of trainees’ surgical cognitive skills and insight. The use and demand of real-time commentary on operative videos may provide a viable approach to help surgeon educators determine trainees’ baseline, progression, and readiness to advance.
Post-merger changes in flight frequency for network and low-cost carriers

The inventory reallocation between strategic groups is analysed after occurrence of horizontal mergers with little or no overlapping market, to reveal how players in a strategic group create, capture and raise their own, and lower others' value through cooperatively and non-cooperatively interdependent deterrence tactics. The scope is three US airline mergers occurring in 2011, 2013 and 2016. The real-time longitudinal population data was collected to analyse the causal impact of mergers on inventory (i.e., flight frequency as defined in this paper). Then, the industry's flight frequency fluctuations between strategic groups were studied. Our findings show that after mergers, there is little change on the aggregate industry inventory levels. However, a significant inventory reduction in markets where only one strategic group serves, and an obvious build-up in markets where two strategic groups compete with one group focusing on mobility barriers and the other on mutual forbearance.
The Association Between Poor Sleep and the Incidence of Sport and Physical Training-Related Injuries in Adult Athletic Populations: A Systematic Review.

The importance of achieving an adequate amount of sleep to optimize health and athletic performance is well recognized. Yet, a systematic evidence compilation of the risk for sport-related injury in adult athletic populations due to poor sleep does not exist. To examine the association between poor sleep and sport and physical training-related injuries in adult athletic populations. Electronic databases were searched using keywords relevant to sleep quantity and quality, and musculoskeletal injury and sport-related concussion (SRC). Studies were included in this systematic review if they were comprised of adult athletic populations, reported measures of sleep quantity or quality, followed participants prospectively for injury, and reported an association between sleep and incidence of sport or physical training-related injury. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for Cohort Studies. From our review of 12 prospective cohort studies, we found limited evidence supporting an association between poor sleep and injury in adult athletic populations. Specifically, there is (a) insufficient evidence supporting the associations between poor sleep and increased risk of injury in specific groups of athletic adults, including professional or elite athletes, collegiate athletes, elite or collegiate dancers, and endurance sport athletes; and (b) limited evidence of an association between poor sleep and increased risk of SRC in collegiate athletes. The current evidence does not support poor sleep as an independent risk factor for increased risk of sport or physical training-related injuries in adult athletic populations. Given the methodological heterogeneity and limitations across previous studies, more prospective studies are required to determine the association between sleep and injury in this population.
Icu outcomes in patients with COVID-19 associated ARDS: A retrospective analysis

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) management in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been debated since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our study aims to describe the outcomes and predictors of mortality of ARDS associated with Covid-19 within one university-based healthcare system. Methods: This was a retrospective study performed within one university-based healthcare system. An electronic medical record was used to identify 166 patients admitted to the ICU for ARDS in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection at three different hospitals. Baseline patient characteristics, ICU and hospital course information, ICU interventions, ventilator settings, and hospital complications were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Results: The 166 patients meeting inclusion criteria had an average age of 64.1 (± 14.8). No significant difference in mortality was identified with male vs. female gender (57.9% vs. 42.1%, p=0.852) or BMI (8.4 ± 0.9 vs. 12.1 ± 1.5, p=0.727). The majority of the patient cohort was identified as black (68.2%). The overall mortality of our cohort was 38.2%. Hyperlipidemia (p=0.011), coronary artery disease (0.034), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p=0.006) were all associated with higher mortality. Prone positioning was utilized in 42.8% of all patients, and ECMO in 6.0%. There was a significant difference of mortality between those with higher observed ventilator plateau pressures at 24 hours (25.7 vs. 23.1, p=0.010) and driving pressures at 24 hours (13.4 vs. 11.7, p=0.036). Conclusion: Covid-19 associated ARDS is associated with significant mortality. Physicians should be aware of pre-existing conditions that are potentially associated with worse outcomes so that they receive appropriate level of care in a timely manner. Lower plateau and driving pressures were associated with improved outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to guide Covid-19 associated ARDS management.
Numerical Study of Thermal Transport in Channel Flows Enhanced with Single and Multi Air Jet Impingement Cooling and Structured Target Surfaces

The advancement in electronic systems and the increase in processing times have resulted in greater circuit densities for electronic components. That leads to higher thermal loads and so the need for innovative cooling systems. The cooling technologies are required to provide high thermal dissipation rates to keep the temperature of the electronic devices below the safe temperature. Jet impingement in confined channels is one of the efficient cooling technologies to be employed for electronics cooling. Alternatively, extended and structured surfaces can result in heat transfer augmentation. In this work, multi jet impingement in confined channels employing surface turbulator is numerically analyzed with application in electronics cooling. Validation study is performed comparing the obtained numerical results with the experimental data in literature. To make sure the results are independent from grid size and resolution, grid independence study is done. The effects of single and multi jet impingement, uniform and rib structured channels, jet Reynolds number, rib size, rib distance and applied heat flux value are investigated and flow field characteristics are analyzed.
EVL is a novel focal adhesion protein involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and vascular permeability.

Increases in lung vascular permeability is a cardinal feature of inflammatory disease and represents an imbalance in vascular contractile forces and barrier-restorative forces, with both forces hig...
The Economic Justice Imperative for Transactional Law Clinics

This Article examines the necessity for weaving economic justice and social justice teaching into the fabric of transactional law clinical pedagogy. This Article, through narrative theory and exploration of clinical teaching, questions the dominant model of litigation as a means to achieve social justice goals, and counters that not only is transactional lawyering a social justice vehicle, but that transactional practice and the transactional lawyer has been at the heart of the civil rights movement in the United States. The current scholarship in this area fails to address the implications and consequences for economic justice if a business law clinic overlooks poverty and justice in favor of corporate practice-readiness. While many scholars have discussed the need for training students to be practice-ready and the need for transactional teaching during law school, this Article builds upon that body of work to interrogate the exclusion of economic justice teaching within business law clinics. By understanding the history of social justice movements, ideology of economic empowerment and clinical legal education, the Article establishes that transactional lawyering and economic and social justice should be inextricably linked.
Enzymatically-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels containing paenipeptin and clarithromycin against carbapenem-resistant pathogen in murine skin wound infection

Background The recent rise and spread of carbapenem-resistant pathogens pose an urgent threat to public health and has fueled the search for new therapies. Localized delivery of topical antibiotics is an alternative for the treatment of infected wounds caused by drug-resistant pathogens. In this study, we aimed to develop antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels for topical treatment of wound infections in a murine skin wound infection. Results Paenipeptin analogue 1, a linear lipopeptide, potentiated clarithromycin against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Enzymatically-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels were developed to encapsulate paenipeptin analogue 1 and clarithromycin. The encapsulated antimicrobials were gradually released from hydrogels during incubation, reaching 75.43 and 53.66% for paenipeptin and clarithromycin, respectively, at 24 h. The antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels containing paenipeptin and clarithromycin synergistically resulted in 5-log reduction in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii within 6 h in vitro. Moreover, the antimicrobial-loaded hydrogels reduced 3.6- and 2.5-log of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii when treated at 4 or 20 h post infection, respectively, in a murine skin wound infection. Conclusions Enzymatically-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels loaded with paenipeptin analogue 1 and clarithromycin exhibited potent therapeutic efficacy against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in murine skin wound infection.
Catatonia: A Duel of Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy and Anti NMDA Receptor Encephalitis (P5.166)

OBJECTIVE: To present a unique case of diagnostic conundrum in a catatonic patient positive for both anti NMDA receptor and anti TPO antibodies with a normal 24 hour EEG, brain MRI and CSF. BACKGROUND: Catatonia, although typically associated with schizophrenia and other affective disorders, can be an uncommon presenting feature of two rare neurologic disorders: Hashimoto’s encephalopathy and anti NMDA receptor encephalitis. Here we describe a case of anti NMDA receptor encephalitis in a catatonic patient positive for both anti TPO and anti NMDA receptor antibodies with a negative 24 hour EEG, normal brain MRI and CSF. DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report RESULTS: Patient is 33 years old female who presented after 4 weeks of catatonic state punctuated daily by multiple psychotic features such as acute agitation, delusional behavior, visual hallucinations, paranoid ideations. Patient’s 24 hour video EEG revealed no abnormalities. Her initial CSF at 4 weeks was normal and infectious workup for HSV, Lymes’, HIV, WNV, CMV, Cocksackie virus was negative. Autoimmune workup for anti ANA, DS DNA, Smith, RNP, SSA, SSB, SCL was negative. ESR and CRP were normal. Reversible causes of encephalopathy were excluded. Tox screen was negative. Anti-TPO was positive at 135 (norm <35). Repeat LP revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis. NMDA receptor antibody titers were positive. Subsequently, ovarian teratoma was found and excised. Patient responded well to high dose steroids and plasma exchange with gradual but complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: This case uniquely illustrates that although the diagnosis of NMDA encephalitis is unlikely in the presence of normal EEG, MRI and CSF, it cannot be entirely ruled out. In addition, it serves as a clinical reminder that although anti-TPO antibodies may be positive, they are not always directly correlated with an encephalopathic process and thus the diagnostic workup should not be stopped. Study Supported by: University of Chicago Medical Center Disclosure: Dr. Grebenciucova has nothing to disclose.
PHENYLKETONURIA: SOME EFFECTS OF BODY CHEMISTRY ON LEARNING

Mens sana in corpore sano. (Juvenal, c. 110) A man's body and his mind, with the utmost reverence to both I speak it, are exactly like a jerkin and a jerkin's lining,—rumple the one,—you rumple the other. (sterne, 1759) No twisted thought without a twisted molecule. (Gerard, 1959)
Mutation of the miaA gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens results in reduced vir gene expression.

Abstract vir regulon expression in Agrobacterium tumefaciens involves both chromosome- and Ti-plasmid-encoded gene products. We have isolated and characterized a new chromosomal gene that when mutated results in a 2- to 10-fold reduction in the induced expression of vir genes by acetosyringone. This reduced expression occurs in AB minimal medium (pH 5.5) containing either sucrose or glucose and containing phosphate at high or low concentrations. The locus was cloned and used to complement A. tumefaciens strains harboring Tn5 insertions in the gene. Sequence analysis of this locus revealed an open reading frame with strong homology to the miaA locus of Escherichia coli and the mod5 locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These genes encode tRNA: isopentenyltransferase enzymes responsible for the specific modification of the A-37 residue in UNN codon tRNA species. The function of the homologous gene in A. tumefaciens was proven by genetic complementation of E. coli miaA mutant strains. tRNA undermodification in A. tumefaciens miaA mutant strains may reduce vir gene expression by causing a reduced translation efficiency. A slight reduction in the virulence of these mutant Agrobacterium strains on red potato plants, but not on tobacco, tomato, kalanchoe, or sunflower plants, was observed.