cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypothyroidism in older patients with head and neck cancer after treatment with radiation: A population‐based study

Background In patients with head and neck cancer, radiation treatment (RT) is a risk factor for hypothyroidism. However, the specific magnitude of risk after RT in older patients is not known. Methods We identified 5916 patients (age > 65 years) from SEER-Medicare diagnosed with head and neck cancer from 1992 to 2002. Proportional hazards models compared hypothyroidism risk after any RT versus surgery alone. Results In patients treated with RT, 5-year incidence of hypothyroidism was 20% and 10-year incidence was 59%; in patients treated with surgery alone, incidence was 7% and 39% (p < .001). Patients treated with RT had increased adjusted risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74–2.62), persisting for up to 10 years of follow-up (HR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.39–2.44 from 5 to 10 years). Conclusion In older patients with head and neck cancer, RT is associated with elevated hypothyroidism risk. As onset may be delayed for years, patients may require lifelong thyroid function screening after treatment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Bedside ultrasonography for the intensivist.

Abstract Critical care ultrasonography is a bedside technique performed by the frontline clinician at the point of care. Point-of-care ultrasonography is conceptually related to physical examination. The intensivist uses visual assessment, auscultation, and palpation on an ongoing basis to monitor the patient. Ultrasonography adds to traditional physical examination by allowing the intensivist to visualize the anatomy and function of the body in real time. Initial, repeated, and goal-directed ultrasonography is an extension of the physical examination that allows the intensivist to establish a diagnosis and monitor the condition of the patient on a regular basis.
Comparative effects of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on protein metabolism in rats bearing the mammary adenocarcinoma

Abstract The comparative effects of diets containing 20% (wt/wt) of either fish oil (FO) or safflower oil (SO) on protein synthesis and catabolism were determined in rats bearing the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma in vivo using a 6-hour constant infusion of l -(1-14C)-leucine. Tumor-bearing animals fed FO had significantly lower tumor growth rate (36 ± 0.5 v 53 ± 0.7%/d, P
Intra- and inter-storm 18O trends for selected rainstorms in Pennsylvania

Abstract Rainfall was collected in central Pennsylvania from 33 storms during autumn 1989 and spring 1990. The variability of 18 O content among 33 storms and within 10 storms is described and also examined in terms of weather type (air mass source and frontal activity) and storm characteristics (rainfall amount, intensity and duration). From storm to storm, the 18 O content expressed as δ 18 O varied greatly (+2.79 to −24.65‰), but showed greatest variability for the smaller rainstorms with low intensities. Also, 18 O depletion was greatest for storms of Atlantic (−10.9‰) vs. Gulf (−6.2‰) origin. Within a storm, the 18 O content varied greatly, but usually was depleted as the storm continued. For one storm, the δ 18 O decreased from −4.00 to −20.00‰ over a 10h span of continuous rainfall. The most rapid changes in δ 18 O (2–6‰ h −1 ) within a storm occurred mostly during storm intervals characterized by rapidly increasing rainfall intensities associated with moderate to high rainfall rates (more than 5 mm h −1 ). When these bursts occurred within longer storms, the most rapid changes in 18 O content were associated with the higher rainfall intensities.
Communication factors in the follow-up of abnormal mammograms.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the communication factors that are significantly associated with appropriate short-term follow-up of abnormal mammograms.
Three fundamental misconceptions of Artificial Intelligence

In discussions on the limitations of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there are three major misconceptions, identifying an AI system with an axiomatic system, a Turing machine, or a system with a model-theoretic semantics. Though these three notions can be used to describe a computer system for certain purposes, they are not always the proper theoretical notions when an AI system is under consideration. These misconceptions are not only the basis of many criticisms of AI from the outside, but also responsible for many problems within AI research. This paper analyses these misconceptions, and points out the common root of them: treating empirical reasoning as mathematical reasoning. Finally, an example intelligent system called NARS is introduced, which is neither an axiomatic system nor a Turing machine in its problem-solving process, and does not use model-theoretic semantics, but is still implementable in an ordinary computer.
Properties of the dx2 − y2 gap in the two-dimensional Hubbard model

Abstract The superconducting gap of a doped two-dimensional Hubbard model is calculated using a conserving spin-fluctuation approximation. The momentum dependence of the gap is found to be close to the simple d x 2 − y 2 form cos p x − cos p y . The amplitude of the gap at the antinode rises rapidly below. T c and reaches a 2 Δ (0)/ kT c value of order 10. This reflects the suppression of pair breaking as the gap opens, along with self-energy feedback effects which act to maintain the strength of the interaction.
Optimal feedback control for character animation using an abstract model

Real-time adaptation of a motion capture sequence to virtual environments with physical perturbations requires robust control strategies. This paper describes an optimal feedback controller for motion tracking that allows for on-the-fly re-planning of long-term goals and adjustments in the final completion time. We first solve an offline optimal trajectory problem for an abstract dynamic model that captures the essential relation between contact forces and momenta. A feedback control policy is then derived and used to simulate the abstract model online. Simulation results become dynamic constraints for online reconstruction of full-body motion from a reference. We applied our controller to a wide range of motions including walking, long stepping, and a squat exercise. Results show that our controllers are robust to large perturbations and changes in the environment.
Photoacoustic measurements of multiple-photon infrared absorption by alkyl chlorides and hexadienes

Abstract The multiple-photon absorption behavior of a series of alkyl chlorides and a number of hexadiene isomers has been examined in order to elucidate the dependence of absorption cross section on fluence. Measurements of absorbed energy via a photoacoustic technique show that, while a high density of states is necessary for an absorption cross section linear in fluence, other factors are also important. A photoacoustic technique for measuring absorbed energy by weakly absorbing molecules at low pressure is described.
Accomplishing software stability

The kitchen proves an ideal setting to illustrate how stability and change work together within software.
Toward a working definition of C3 glomerulopathy by immunofluorescence

Precise immunofluorescence criteria for C3 glomerulopathy remain to be defined. Here we tested hierarchical immunofluorescence criteria with varying stringency for C3 glomerulopathy in a cohort with dense deposit disease as the gold standard and then applied these criteria to analyze the incidence of C3 glomerulopathy in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) types 1 and 3. Among 319 archived cases of primary MPGN types 1–3, immunofluorescence reports were retrospectively coded as glomerular deposits of the following: C3 only; C3 dominant with trace or 1+ immunoglobulin (Ig)M only; and C3 dominant and at least two orders of intensity stronger than any combination of IgG, IgM, IgA, and C1q. The most restrictive criteria of ‘C3 only' captured only half of the cases with dense deposit disease (compared with 8% of type 1 and 10% of type 3). Adding the most liberal definition identified 88% of those with dense deposit disease (compared with 31% of type 1 and 39% of type 3). The unaccounted 12% had stronger intensity of Ig staining, but it never exceeded the intensity of C3. Among MPGN type 3, 90% of C3 glomerulopathy cases were the Strife and Anders variant. Repeat biopsies in C3 glomerulopathy revealed a change in immunofluorescence pattern in 10 of 23 biopsies. The prevalence of low serum C3 and/or low C4 did not significantly differ among the three immunofluorescence criteria. Thus, ‘C3 only' is an impractical definition of C3 glomerulopathy, and we propose a definition of C3 dominant and at least two orders of magnitude more intense than any other immune reactant, which requires validation by alternative pathway evaluation. These criteria provide a framework for identifying patients most likely to benefit from investigations of alternative complement pathway dysregulation.
Infantile Marfan’s Syndrome

This Mexican-American girl with a negative family history was noted at birth to have a dysmorphic appearance, including long, slender fingers. A presumptive diagnosis of Marfan’s syndrome was made. Echocardiography at that time showed borderline aortic root dilatation. Despite treatment with β-blockers, by 21 months of age, the aortic root was markedly dilated on the echocardiogram, with appearance of aortic valve insufficiency. Other medical problems have included orthopedic deformities of the feet and chest and severe myopia necessitating correction since infancy. At the age of 3.5 years, the patient was 108 cm tall (90th percentile …
A low-energy electron diffraction study of potassium - oxygen coadsorption phases on Ni(111)

The coadsorption of potassium and oxygen on a Ni(111) surface has been studied by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). The initial potassium-induced structures on the bare and the oxygen-monolayer-covered surface exhibit similar LEED ring patterns, which may be attributed to the strong dipole - dipole repulsive interaction in both cases. On the other hand, a small amount of pre-adsorbed oxygen (θ0<0.1) prevents the formation of the potassium ring phase, suggesting an attractive K - O interaction. Once all of the pre-adsorbed oxygen is attached to the potassium adatoms, further potassium adsorption produces the same phases as on the oxygen-free surface. For intermediate O precoverages, a gradual structural transformation from a p(2 × 2) to a phase is observed upon K adsorption. Potassium reduces the critical oxygen coverage for the completion of this phase transformation, suggesting that (disordered) K mixes in the O layer. At higher O precoverages, coadsorption results in a new c(4 × 2) ordered phase in a structure which probably involves both K and O.
Application of a methodology for evaluation prioritization and resource allocation to energy conservation program planning

Abstract This research applies a methodology for evaluation, prioritization, and resource allocation to energy conservation program planning. The initial allocation problem consists of 45 projects involving consumer small scale technology products, projects mandated by the National Energy Act, and consumer motivation projects. There exist the possibility of 3.52×10 13 portfolios composed from exhaustive aggregations of those 45 projects. Through screening and separation of the projects into independent groups, the final evaluation is reduced to a prioritization of 110 portfolios. The best market groups for concentration of effort, in terms of energy savings per research dollar expended, are noncompetitive consumer projects and new residence space heating. In this effort, prioritization of individual research projects and feasibile portfolios is obtained. This prioritization can be used to obtain plans and resource allocations at any given funding level. This exercise is a first step in the application of the methodology to planning. The data used in the study is reasonable but due to a number of simplifying assumptions and lack of sensitivity analysis, the results of the analysis are more illustrative of the type of planning and decision support assistance possible with the methodology than they are illustrative realistic solutions. A detailed critique of the application concludes the paper.
TAXONOMY OF ZEA (GRAMINEAE). II. SUBSPECIFIC CATEGORIES IN THE ZEA MAYS COMPLEX AND A GENERIC SYNOPSIS

A compromise classification of the genus Zea, reflecting both phylogeny and practical needs, recognizes six taxa, as follows: Section LUXURIANTES: Zea perennis, Zea diploperennis, Zea luxurians. Section ZEA: Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Neo-volcanic Plateau), Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley ssp. n. var. parviglumis (Rio Balsas drainage, Pacific slope from Guerrero to Jalisco), Zea mexicana ssp. parviglumis var. huehuetenangensis Iltis & Doebley var. n. (Pacific slope, western Guatemala, Prov. Huehuetenango), Zea mays ssp. mays. The new subspecies is distinguished by smaller spikelets and rachis joints, the varieties by different habitats, blooming dates and their genetic behavior in relation to cultivated Zea mays. Zea mays ssp. mexicana is the ancestor of corn. THE CULTIVATED "CORN" OR "MAIZE" of the American Indians and world commerce, Zea mays ssp. mays, is a species whose taxonomic circumscription has never been questioned. Its wild relatives, the "teosintes," however, have for quite some time now been considered by many workers to present a number of taxonomic problems. This study attempts to resolve some of these. Most modern but orthodox systems of clas
Evaluation of T using statistical characteristics of the target and background

The conventional area weighted average temperature (AWAT) (Delta) T is a primary performance measure for characterizing target/background scenes. However, the AWAT definition is widely recognized as being inadequate for representing observer sensitivity in many target detection and acquisition tasks. This situation is particularly true for targets which are at short ranges relative to the observer or viewed through powered optics. In these cases the mid and high spatial frequency components provide distinctive cue features which dominate over the average or aggregate characteristics of the target. The authors examine alternative definitions of (Delta) T in order to identify more robust and accurate metrics for the evaluation of sensor and signature countermeasure performance. The analysis indicates that target/background scene descriptions using simple average parameters such as the mean and standard deviation are not sufficient for characterizing imaging sensor performance against targets with internal texture and contrast gradients in background clutter.
Determination of the zero-field splitting constants of high-spin metalloproteins by a continuous-wave microwave saturation technique

Abstract A method is described for determining the zero-field splitting energy of high-spin metalloenzymes and proteins by a continuous-wave saturation technique with a conventional EPR spectrometer. The method requires analysis of graphical estimates of P 1 2 from saturation curves as a function of temperature. Under the condition that the signal amplitude depends only on the spin-lattice relaxation probability, the temperature dependence of P 1 2 provides an estimate of the zero-field splitting energy for spin-lattice relaxation via an Orbach process. The zero-field splitting energies of metmyoglobin and metmyoglobin fluoride are estimated at 22 and 12 cm−1, respectively, in excellent agreement with published results obtained by magnetic susceptibility and pulse saturation recovery methods. The zero-field splitting of methemoglobin is sensitive to the binding of inositol hexaphosphate. This change is shown to be consistent with the change in iron-porphyrin stereochemistry induced by binding of the organic phosphate molecule to the protein. The method can be applied to a wide variety of high-spin paramagnetic systems.
Contralateral Internal Jugular Vein Interposition for Salvage of a Functioning Arteriovenous Fistula

Outflow obstruction in patients with hemodialysis access can cause venous hypertension and jeopardize the patency of the access site. Numerous surgical procedures have been described to decompress an occluded subclavian vein. In this report, we describe the use of the contralateral internal jugular vein as a bypass conduit to decompress an occluded brachiocephalic vein in a patient whose dialysis was dependent on this vein access.
THE METADATA MANUAL: A PRACTICAL WORKBOOK. Lubas, Rebecca, Amy Jackson, and Ingrid Schneider. Oxford, UK: Chandos Publishing, 2013, 240 pp., $80.00, ISBN: 978-1-84334-729-3.

Almost all the metadata that is currently being managed or generated by libraries, museums, and archives rely on some aspect of the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). Catalogers and metadata librari...
Swollen Down Plumules, an Autosomal Recessive Lethal in Turkeys

Abstract Swollen down plumules, an embryonic lethal condition characterized by an enlargement of the dermal pulp cavity of down feathers, has been observed in a subline of turkeys. The lethality of the condition is expressed between 20 days of incubation and the time of pipping. Phenotypic variation of the disorder is expressed in the number of pterylae that contain the abnormal down plumules. The disorder is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, and the gene symbol, sdp, is proposed.
Roles of the tumor suppressor p53 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in receptor-mediated apoptosis of WEHI 231 B lymphoma cells

Treatment of WEHI 231 immature B lymphoma cells with an antibody against their surface immunoglobulin M (anti-IgM) induces apoptosis and has been studied extensively as a model of self-induced B cell tolerance. Since the tumor suppressor protein p53 has been implicated in apoptosis in a large number of cell types and has been found to be mutated in a variety of B cell tumors, here we sought to determine whether p53 and the p53 target gene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) were involved in anti-IgM-induced cell death. Anti-IgM treatment of WEHI 231 cells increased expression of p53 and p21 protein levels. Ectopic expression of wild-type p53 in WEHI 231 cells induced both p21 expression and apoptosis. Ectopic expression of p21 similarly induced apoptosis. Rescue of WEHI 231 cells from apoptosis by costimulation with CD40 ligand ablated the increase in p21 expression. Lastly, a significant decrease in anti-IgM-mediated apoptosis was seen upon downregulation of endogenous p53 activity by expression of a dominant-negative p53 protein or upon microinjection of an antisense p21 expression vector or antibody. Taken together, the above data demonstrate important roles for p53 and p21 proteins in receptor-mediated apoptosis of WEHI 231 B cells.
A Parametric Study and Economic Evaluation of Drilling Patterns in Deep, Thick CBM Reservoirs

Over the past decade, production from unconventional reservoirs such as coalbed methane has increased dramatically. The focal driving force for this growth in coalbed methane production was the development and promulgation of reservoir engineering and completion technology. There have been many studies performed on the well configuration and production optimization techniques in the coal seams. According to many of these studies horizontal, deviated and multi lateral wells are of more benefit compared to the vertical wells. However, the target of these studies has mostly been the thin coal seams hence this result might not hold for the thick CBM reservoirs. The experience has proved that one thick coal is better than an equivalent thickness of multiple thin coals. Samples of the deep thickest accumulation of coal in the world can be found in some of the areas of the United States such as Uintah basin and Piceance basin in Colorado, Black Warrior basin in Alabama and Arkoma basin in Oklahoma and Alaska. The thickness of coal beds in these areas can reach up to 150 ft and they can be as deep as 9000 ft. Although horizontal drilling will result in higher gas production and consequently more revenue, the drilling cost in these wells are significantly higher than the vertical wells. When the coal beds are thick enough that the contact of wellbore and formation is not a limiting issue, the practicality of drilling horizontally versus multiple vertical wells might be questioned. In this work, the most appropriate drilling patterns in thick and deep CBM reservoirs have been identified. A sensitivity analysis has been performed with the intention of addressing the effect of different reservoir parameters and well configurations germane to methane production from CBM. These characteristics include fracture permeability, fracture porosity, gas content, and desorption time.The yardstick for comparing the economical practicality of different drilling configurations under diverse reservoir properties is the Net Present Value (NPV).
Phytochemicals in Wound Healing

Significance: Traditional therapies, including the use of dietary components for wound healing and skin regeneration, are very common in Asian countries such as China and India. The increasing evidence of health-protective benefits of phytochemicals, components derived from plants is generating a lot of interest, warranting further scientific evaluation and mechanistic studies. Recent Advances: Phytochemicals are non-nutritive substances present in plants, and some of them have the potential to provide better tissue remodeling when applied on wounds and to also act as proangiogenic agents during wound healing. Critical Issues: In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding, important molecular targets, and mechanism of action(s) of some of the phytochemicals such as curcumin, picroliv, and arnebin-1. We also broadly review the multiple pathways that these phytochemicals regulate to enhance wound repair and skin regeneration. Future Directions: Recent experimental data on the effects of phyto...
UV resonance Raman and absorption studies of angiotensin II conformation in lipid environments

SYNOPSIS We have used UV resonance Raman and absorption spectroscopy to examine the secondary structure of angiotensin 11 ( AII) in aqueous solution and in phospholipid micelles. Absorption difference spectroscopic measurements are used to determine the association constant of A11 with dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles, and the UV Raman spectral data are used to examine the secondary structure alterations which occur upon A11 partitioning into the DPC micelles. The 208 nm excited amide I11 peptide bands give information on the peptide backbone conformation. A11 appears to exist in several conformers such as @-sheet, irregular, and turnlike structure in aqueous solution, while it adopts a more highly ordered 0-turn structure in DPC micelles. The Tyr and Phe absorption and Raman excitation profile redshifts upon A11 binding to DPC micelles indicate that the Tyr and Phe side chains of AII, which are exposed to water in aqueous solution, partition into the hydrophobic core of the lipid DPC micelles. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Impact of Pharmacist-Directed Patient Education and Anticoagulant Care Coordination on Patient Satisfaction:

BACKGROUND:Patient satisfaction data played a role in determining Medicare reimbursement as of October 2012. Clinical pharmacy services could improve satisfaction of hospital inpatients but it is unclear whether this relates to performance on standardized hospital surveys.OBJECTIVE:To describe the impact on patient satisfaction of patient education and follow-up care coordination provided by an inpatient pharmacist-directed anticoagulation service (PDAS).METHODS:This study was conducted at an urban, tertiary care hospital. PDAS is a clinical pharmacy service that has improved transition-of-care, safety, and efficacy involving anticoagulation at our institution. Patients receiving inpatient anticoagulation during February 2001-April 2007 (pre-PDAS) and December 2008-December 2010 (post-PDAS), who responded to a mail-in survey, were included. Survey items included satisfaction (“How satisfied were you with the medical care?”), amount of information (“Was the amount of information you received about your med...
Characterization of and Kinetics studies on Lipid Extraction of GM2AP Tryptophan Mutants using Intrinsic Fluorescence and a Dansyl-Based Fluorescence Assay

GM2AP is an accessory protein that functions as a co-factor in degradation of the GM2 ganglioside to GM3. This non-enzymatic lipid transfer protein solubilizes GM2 from intralysosomal vesicles for reaction with HexA. The precise molecular interactions and method of extraction of the GM2 ganglioside from the lipid membrane are not yet known. GM2AP contains four disulfide bonds and three tryptophan residues (W5, W63, W131) with two of these (W63, W131) located in putative membrane binding loops. In this report, the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of a series of single and double TRP mutants (W5A, W5AW63A and W5AW131A) of GM2AP is used to characterize protein in solution and in the presence of lipid vesicles. Additionally, results from quenching experiements are shown, where the fractional accessibility of each tryptophan is determined for both neutral and acidic solutions. The kinetics of lipid transfer of each of the tryptophan mutants were also assayed for their ability to extract and transfer dansyl-labeled lipids from liposomes. Removal of the TRP moieties from the putative membrane binding loops results in slower lipid extraction rates, implying that these residues are important in the membrane binding of GM2AP.
Realists as Idealists

Charles Glaser established himself as one of the leading defensive realists in the mid-1990s when he published an important article entitled “Realists as Optimists.” 1 Rational Theory of Internatio...
Serendipity at the Smithsonian: The 107-year journey of Rhipidocyrtus muiri Falin & Engel, new genus and species (Ripidiinae, Ripidiini), from jungle beast to valid taxon.

The long and tortuous history of an enigmatic and rare new genus and species of ripidiine wedge beetle (Ripiphoridae: Ripidiinae: Ripidiini) from Borneo is discussed and the taxon described and figured as Rhipidocyrtus muiri Falin & Engel, gen. n. and sp. n. The holotype male, and only known specimen, was collected 107 years ago in Borneo but subsequent to this it was transferred among early researchers in the early 1900s. The specimen was dissected and many portions slide mounted, but these were disassociated from the pinned body for more than a generation. A happenstance encounter led to the rediscovery and reassociation of the body and slide-mounted abdomen and other sclerites in 2011, and to its eventual description herein. Ripidiine diversity is briefly discussed and comparisons made between Rhipidocyrtus and other members of the subfamily.
A New Approach to Resistor-Transistor-Tunnel-Diode Nanosecond Logic

A transistor amplifier with nonlinear tunnel-diode or backward-diode feedback is described for use as a resistor-coupled threshold logic circuit or general purpose switch. The tunnel-diode feedback serves to virtually eliminate saturation and prevent cutoff thus allowing the high gain-bandwidth products of epitaxial switching transistors to be utilized at all times during switching. Switching plus delay times as low as 2 nsec have been observed with a fan in and fan out of three. Ring oscillator experiments show that delays per stage from 2 to 5 nsec are easily obtained with logical gains of two or three. The input impedance of the network is 3 to 12 ohms leading to a very practical threshold network. The particular logic decision is determined only by the bias current. Tolerance calculations are presented that indicate component requirements will not be severe. The peak current is not a critical parameter and can easily vary 100 per cent. Due to the quantizing effect of the tunnel-diode feedback, circuits with fan ins and fan outs of three would operate satisfactorily under worst case conditions with 2 per cent resistors and mild restrictions on the transistor and diode parameters. By adding backward diodes in series with the input resistors the tolerance requirements can be relaxed to 10 per cent resistors and slight restrictions on the diodes or transistor parameters. By using backward diodes the fan in and fan out can be substantially increased with little loss in speed.
Teacher Education in Urban School-Based, Multiagency Collaboratives

This article suggests that students in teacher education programs can benefit from the experience of working with an urban school-based multiagency collaborative if presented early in the learning ...
A CLAG3 Mutation in an Amphipathic Transmembrane Domain Alters Malaria Parasite Nutrient Channels and Confers Leupeptin Resistance

ABSTRACT Erythrocytes infected with malaria parasites have increased permeability to ions and nutrients, as mediated by the plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC) and recently linked to parasite clag3 genes. Although the encoded protein is integral to the host membrane, its precise contribution to solute transport remains unclear because it lacks conventional transmembrane domains and does not have homology to ion channel proteins in other organisms. Here, we identified a probable CLAG3 transmembrane domain adjacent to a variant extracellular motif. Helical-wheel analysis revealed strict segregation of polar and hydrophobic residues to opposite faces of a predicted α-helical transmembrane domain, suggesting that the domain lines a water-filled pore. A single CLAG3 mutation (A1210T) in a leupeptin-resistant PSAC mutant falls within this transmembrane domain and may affect pore structure. Allelic-exchange transfection and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that this mutation alters solute selectivity in the channel. The A1210T mutation also reduces the blocking affinity of PSAC inhibitors that bind on opposite channel faces, consistent with global changes in channel structure. Transfected parasites carrying this mutation survived a leupeptin challenge significantly better than a transfection control did. Thus, the A1210T mutation contributes directly to both altered PSAC activity and leupeptin resistance. These findings reveal the molecular basis of a novel antimalarial drug resistance mechanism, provide a framework for determining the channel9s composition and structure, and should guide the development of therapies targeting the PSAC.
Becoming the denigrated other: Group relations perspectives on initial reactions to a bipolar disorder diagnosis

The initial reactions to a bipolar disorder diagnosis of research participants in a small, qualitative study consisted of astonishment, dread of being “mad,” and extremely negative associations. All had prior mental health diagnoses, including episodes of severe depression (all but one) and alcoholism (one). All participants reported mental health histories prediagnosis and most had spent years contending with mental health labels, medications, symptoms, and hospitalizations. In addition, most participants were highly educated health professionals, quite familiar with the behaviors that the medical system considered to comprise bipolar disorder. Their negative associations to the initial bipolar disorder diagnosis, therefore, appeared inconsistent with their mental health histories and professional knowledge. This article contextualizes these initial reactions of shock and distress and proposes interpretations of these findings from societal and psychodynamic group relations perspectives. The participants’ initial negative reactions are conceptualized as involving the terror of being transported from the group of “normal” people into the group of “mad” or “crazy” people, i.e., people with mental illnesses, who may constitute a societal “denigrated other.”
Rearing cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on a Factitious Meridic Diet at Different Temperatures and Larval Densities

Abstract Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) is an invasive pest that represents an economic and ecological threat to native cacti in the U. S. and Mexico and that is currently the object of an eradication/control program in both countries. One tactic used to mitigate the threat of this species involves the SIT (Sterile Insect Technique), in which large numbers of larvae are reared on artificial diet or cactus cladodes, preferably the former, and released as sterile adults to mate with wild individuals at or near the leading edge of invasion. We studied combinations of 3 different rearing temperatures (22, 26, and 29°C) and 3 different crowding levels (50, 215, and 500 eggs) to determine percent survival to the adult stage, pupal size of each gender, and fecundity of C. cactorum reared on a factitious meridic diet. Temperature and crowding levels affected survival. The lowest rearing temperature and the low and high crowding levels adversely affect survival. Female pupae were larger than male pupae, and pupal si...
Thermal Biology of Domestic Animals

The thermal environment is the most important ecological factor determining the growth, development, and productivity of domestic animals. Routes of energy exchange (sensible heat and latent heat) between animals and their environment are greatly influenced by body weight, fat deposition, hair-coat properties, functional activity, and number of sweat glands, as well as the presence or absence of anatomical respiratory countercurrent heat exchange capability. Differences in these anatomical features across species have led to specialization of heat exchange. Thermal plasticity and degree of acclimation are critical factors determining the ability of animals to respond to environmental change. Increases in productive capability of domestic animals can compromise thermal acclimation and plasticity, requiring greater investments in housing systems that reduce variability of the thermal environment. The combination of steadily increasing metabolic heat production as domestic animal productivity increases and a rising world temperature poses ongoing and future challenges to maintaining health and well-being of domestic animals.
Large-Eddy Simulation of a Stratus-Topped Boundary Layer. Part I: Structure and Budgets

Abstract The structure of a stratus-topped boundary layer is observed through large-eddy simulation which includes the interaction of longwave radiation and turbulence processes. This simulated boundary layer has a relatively warm and dry overlying inversion, a weak surface buoyancy flux, no solar heating, and an insignificant wind shear across the cloud top. The cloud top height and the layer-averaged buoyancy flux inside the cloud layer define a velocity scale appropriate for this of boundary layer. In the cloud layer, buoyancy generates the vertical component of the turbulent kinetic energy, while pressure effect transfer some of this energy into the horizontal components. In the subcloud layer, the only source of the vertical energy other than the surface buoyancy is import from above and the only source of the horizontal energy other than the mean shear is the vertical energy transferred through pressure effects. The profiles of the vertical velocity variance and kinetic energy flux in the stratus-to...
Procreative Sex and Same Sex Parents

New state-sanctioned family units headed by couples in committed relationships are on the rise. They include marriages encompassing same sex couples, civil unions, and domestic partnerships. These new family units can originate in state statutes or in judicial decisions. The pace of change is so fast that new units occasionally replace units only recently recognized, as when same sex marriages replace civil unions or domestic partnerships. U.S. Supreme Court precedents permit broad governmental discretion in sanctioning new families and in recognizing parentage therein. Yet such discretion is limited by constitutionally-recognized parental rights and interests when children are born of sex. At times states can and do deny parental status under law at birth to biological fathers. Differences in parentage laws will likely continue for some time. When same sex marriages, civil unions, or domestic partnerships are expanded or created, the new family units typically are deemed equal to, or the same as, longstanding opposite sex marriages. However, when there are children born of sex, equality and sameness are impossible. Same sex couples simply cannot produce children through intrafamily intercourse as can opposite sex couples. Yet, extrafamily intercourse by those in same sex, as well as opposite sex, families can produce children. Given the policies of equality and sameness, should all children conceived through adultery similarly be deemed born into sanctioned family units? That is, should there always operate a presumption of parentage as now typically operates for a husband in an opposite sex marriage? If so, are new written laws needed since the existing parentage presumptions for husbands usually require the possibility of genetic ties – an impossibility in same sex settings? Further, are there limits on any equality between same and opposite sex couples? Finally, are additional laws beyond parentage presumptions at birth needed for children born of sex to same sex couples? This article posits that explicit statutory presumptions are needed for children born to state-sanctioned same sex female couples although there cannot be genetic ties in both mates. Further, it proposes that current voluntary parentage acknowledgment processes, now operating for men who prompt children born of sex to married and unmarried women, be expanded to allow certain same sex male mates to become legal parents at birth, or sooner, to children born of sex into their family units.
Treatment of gestational trophoblastic disease

Abstract Of 39 patients undergoing chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic disease, 92 per cent are in remission. More than half of the patients treated (54 per cent) had metastatic disease on admission to the hospital, and 85 per cent of these are in remission. An inordinately large number of patients were in the high-risk category (71.4 per cent), yet 80 per cent of these patients are in remission. Early diagnosis, monitoring of therapy, and determination of onset of remission require sensitive gonadotropin assays capable of detecting low levels of activity caused by small amounts of persisting tumor. Patients are subjected to unwarranted risks when monitoring is done with routine pregnancy tests alone. The predictability of drug toxicity and the need for close clinical and laboratory monitoring are stressed. Delay of therapy, change in choice of drug or dosage, and attentive supportive care are required if fatal toxic reactions are to be avoided.
The mediating role of brand trust and affect in clothing brand loyalty formation: a cross-cultural examination of U.S. and India

This study examines the process of how consumer perception of benefits from apparel brand leads to brand loyalty and compares the process between US and India. The proposed research framework posits that consumers' perception of utilitarian and hedonic benefits from a brand increase loyalty toward the brand via the mediating role of brand trust and brand affect. Analyses of the hypotheses collectively revealed that consumers' hedonic benefit perceptions of apparel brand, rather than their utilitarian benefit perceptions, influenced the enhancement of brand trust and brand affect. Further, brand affect, rather than brand trust, influenced and mediated the development of brand loyalty of apparel brand. This study also found country moderating effects on three paths, suggesting that hedonic benefit of a brand and brand affect plays a greater role for US consumers than for Indian consumers. Academic and managerial implications were discussed based on findings.
Automated microwave double resonance spectroscopy: A tool to identify and characterize chemical compounds

Owing to its unparalleled structural specificity, rotational spectroscopy is a powerful technique to unambiguously identify and characterize volatile, polar molecules. We present here a new experimental approach, automated microwave double resonance (AMDOR) spectroscopy, to rapidly determine the rotational constants of these compounds without a priori knowledge of elemental composition or molecular structure. This task is achieved by rapidly acquiring the classical (frequency vs. intensity) broadband spectrum of a molecule using chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy and subsequently analyzing it in near real-time using complementary cavity FTMW detection and double resonance. AMDOR measurements provide a unique “barcode” for each compound from which rotational constants can be extracted. To illustrate the power of this approach, AMDOR spectra of three aroma compounds — trans-cinnamaldehyde, α-, and β-ionone — have been recorded and analyzed. The prospects to extend this approach to mixture characterization and purity assessment are described.
Introduction of pathogen defense genes and a cytokinin biosynthesis gene into sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) by Agrobacterium or particle bombardment

Two different methods for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) transformation were developed, one using Agrobacterium with excised cotyledons, the other, particle bombardment of embryogenic hypocotyl callus. Transformation efficiencies averaged 0.7% for the Agrobacterium method (number of transgenic plants obtained per treated cotyledon) and about 8% for the bombardment method (number of transgenic plants obtained per plate of embryogenic callus treated). Transgenic sugarbeet plants were produced carrying genes encoding either pathogen-defense-related proteins or the reporter enzyme β-glucuronidase (GUS) under transcriptional control of stress- or wound-inducible promoters. In addition, two plants were regenerated carrying a gene associated with enhanced insect resistance, the cytokinin biosynthesis gene, fused to a patatin gene promoter from potato. Expression of the GUS gene (gusA) under the control of the tobacco osmotin promoter was wound inducible with detectable activity at 8 h and maximal activity at 72 h post-wounding.
Bacteriologic assessment of endometritis after cesarean section in adolescents compared with adults

Abstract Study Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the bacteriology of endometrial specimens for culture from adolescent patients with postcesarean endometritis with specimens from adult women. Design: This was a prospective study of hospitalized women with postcesarean endometritis. Results: There is no significant difference in the aerobic organisms isolated from each group. There is a significant difference in the anaerobic organisms isolated with the Bacteroides group more common in adult patients, p Conclusion: The Bacteroides group of organisms were isolated more frequently from adult women with endometritis.
Nonlinear quasi-three-dimensional modeling of rotating stall and surge

A compressible, nonlinear, quasi-three-dimensional, time dependent computational fluid model capable of capturing salient features of rotating stall and surge is demonstrated. The theoretical basis of the model is given and the numerical methods used to solve the resulting model equations are described. This model is based on solution of a single set of fully coupled equations, and the instability modes are arrived at in a mixed, fully dependent, manner. The full evolution, including precursor events, of rotating stall and surge appears to be captured. As illustration, the method is applied to two modern compression system stages.
An Emendation of the Genus Itersonilia Based on Studies of Morphology and Pathogenicity

The genus Itersonilia is emended on the basis of variation in monocaryophase and dicaryophase cultures. Probable synonyms include two other genera of the Sporobolomycetaceae, Tilletiopsis and Spori...
A New Species of Rhagovelia. (Veliidæ-Hemiptera)

Apterous Male. —General color light brown, covered with short brown pubescence; legs, sides of body, and two basal segments of the antennae with longer hairs and a few scattered setae. Head with median impressed line, crossed by two inverted V's, the anterior one running to in front of the eyes, the posterior one at the posterior margin of the head. Connexiva nearly vertical and about three-fourths the width of dorsum, extending beyond the last abdominal segment to form a long stout projection equaling in length the genital segments. Venter covered with long hairs of the same color as on the dorsum; venter with a faint carina that terminates in a small round projection on the last abdominal segment.
The Split Personality of Human O-GlcNAc Transferase

O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) is an essential glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the attachment of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to serines and threonines of numerous nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. ...
A Possible Immune Reaction Producing Spontaneous Remission in Leukemia

A patient is described in whom four phases of illness were recognized: (1) erythroleukemia, (2) brisk bone marrow plasmocytosis with Bence Jones protein in the urine suggesting multiple myeloma, (3) normality physically and of blood and bone marrow, with the exception of slight splenomegaly, (4) myeloblastic leukemia with death from Pseudomonas septicemia. Local and reticuloendothelial plasmocytic reactions have been observed in experimental animals and in man with malignant disease, and this occurrence has been related to tumor inhibition and improved prognosis. Paraproteinemia and paraproteinuria have been noted in malignancies other than those arising from plasma cells or lymphocytes. It is suggested that the plasmocytosis and abnormal protein in the case reported, as well as in other similar cases previously reported, may have represented an immune reaction induced by the malignancy and responsible for its remission.
Acute Scaphoid Fracture Management: Dorsal Approach

A fall on an outstretched wrist may result in a fracture of the scapoid, radius, or result in scapholunate ligament injury. Diagnosis of acute scaphoid fractures may be challenging as initial radiographs may not clearly demonstrate a fracture. Diligent follow up is imperative to ensure a fracture is not missed. Once diagnosed, definitive treatment may include immobilization or open treatment with compression screw, either with percutaneous or open approach through dorsal or volar incision. We present a case to demonstrate the technique of dorsal approach for management of acute scaphoid fractures.
Elucidating the Mechanism of Recognition and Binding of Protein Kinase Inhibitor by Protein Kinase a using NMR and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) mediates many crucial cellular events including gene expression, metabolism, and cardiac contractility by catalyzing phosphoryl transfer. The endogenous thermostable protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) is a key protein that regulates the activity and intracellular localization of PKA through its two functional motifs: the kinase inhibitory domain and nuclear export signal domain. The kinase inhibitory domain binds specifically with the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKA-C) with high affinity while the nuclear export signal is responsible for shuttling the kinase out of the nucleus. PKI is intrinsically disordered in its free form but adopts residual lowly populated structure through the two distinct domains. Upon PKA-C binding, PKI folds into a more ordered conformation with chemical shift changes propagated throughout the inhibitory domain, however the remainder of the inhibitor is disordered. Here, we aim to elucidate the mechanism by which PKA recognizes and binds PKI by a combination of NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our findings reveal the molecular mechanism of interaction that will help us understand how an intrinsically disordered protein can perform its dual regulatory functions. Our future work will focus on the structural basis of nuclear export of PKA-C upon PKI binding, revealing the mechanistic details of regulation of PKA outside of cAMP control.
The Hoard speaks

As the subject of hundreds of talks, articles, and essays, the Staffordshire Hoard has come to be surrounded by words. In a short statement, the Hoard offers some words of its own, challenging our easy assumptions and categorizations about what (or who?) it is while taunting us for desiring it so.