cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Interrupted: How COVID-19 Turned Thoughts into Practice

The Community College Anatomy and Physiology Education Research (CAPER) project is a 2-year grant that provides a variety of professional development opportunities to community college instructors of Anatomy and Physiology in the United States Instructors who participate in the CAPER project also take part in a larger research study that uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to track the instructors' progress with adapting new teaching methods into their classrooms When the COVID-19 pandemic caused global disruption to daily life, there were two cohorts of community college instructors participating in the CAPER project While the immediate impact of the pandemic on community college instructors was not the subject of the original research project, the data from 12 in-depth interviews conducted in the midst of the pandemic revealed rich insights into teacher beliefs and attitudes, adaptation methods, and online learning as an opportunity for change during a global pandemic This subset of the data also speaks to the importance of the CAPER project for professional development, as community college instructors in the CAPER program used their new skills to integrate active learning techniques in the online learning environment In this article, we analyze community college instructors' adaptations to online learning through the lens of conceptual change theory
Age Differences in Multimodal Quantitative Sensory Testing and Associations With Brain Volume.

Background and objectives Somatosensory function is critical for successful aging. Prior studies have shown declines in somatosensory function with age; however, this may be affected by testing site, modality, and biobehavioral factors. While somatosensory function declines are associated with peripheral nervous system degradation, little is known regarding correlates with the central nervous system and brain structure in particular. The objectives of this study were to examine age-related declines in somatosensory function using innocuous and noxious stimuli, across 2 anatomical testing sites, with considerations for affect and cognitive function, and associations between somatosensory function and brain structure in older adults. Research design and methods A cross-sectional analysis included 84 "younger" (n = 22, age range: 19-24 years) and "older" (n = 62, age range: 60-94 years) healthy adults who participated in the Neuromodulatory Examination of Pain and Mobility Across the Lifespan study. Participants were assessed on measures of somatosensory function (quantitative sensory testing), at 2 sites (metatarsal and thenar) using standardized procedures, and completed cognitive and psychological function measures and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Results Significant age × test site interaction effects were observed for warmth detection (p = .018, η p 2 = 0.10) and heat pain thresholds (p = .014, η p 2 = 0.12). Main age effects were observed for mechanical, vibratory, cold, and warmth detection thresholds (ps Discussion and implications Our findings indicate healthy older adults display alterations in sensory responses to innocuous and noxious stimuli compared to younger adults and, furthermore, these alterations are uniquely affected by anatomical site. These findings suggest a nonuniform decline in somatosensation in older adults, which may represent peripheral and central nervous system alterations part of aging processes.
The Evolution of Anisotropy in Porous Materials and its Implications for Shear Localization

A constitutive model is developed to characterize the effective response of nonlinearly viscous porous materials. The model is capable of accounting for the effects of changes in the microstructure that occur during finite-deformation processes. The model is composed of two parts: one, instantaneous constitutive equations for the porous material, which depend on appropriate state variables characterizing the state of the microstructure at any instant and two, evolution laws for these state variables. The model is used to estimate the overall behavior of initially isotropic, linear and nonlinear, viscous porous materials under different finite-deformation programs. In particular, attention is focused on the effects of changes in the aspect ratios and orientation of the voids which cause the material response to become anisotropic. Results are also presented for the limiting case of a perfectly plastic porous material and the implications of the evolution of the microstructure on the stability of the material are studied.
Evidence for Localization of Polymerization Sites in Fibrinogen

Abstract It was previously reported (Kudryk, B., Reuterby, J., and Blomback, B. (1973) Thromb. Res. 2, 297) that conjugated fibrinogen, after activation with thrombin, has affinity for Fragment D (Fg-D) obtained by digestion of fibrinogen with plasmin. NH2-terminal analysis of the conjugates suggests that fibrinopeptides are released during activation. Conjugates activated with Reptilase have similar affinity characteristics but show a lower content of glycine NH2-terminal groups, suggesting release of only fibrinopeptide A. Most significant is the finding that a conjugated NH2-terminal CNBr fragment of fibrinogen (N-DSK; (Aα1-51, Bβ1-115, γ1-78)2), after thrombin activation and apparent release of fibrinopeptides, has comparable affinity for Fg-D. All of these different conjugates have the strongest affinity for the high molecular weight subspecies of Fg-D (Fg-Ds). These findings are in favor of the existence of two binding domains in fibrinogen which are important for the fibrinogen-fibrin transition. One domain is in Fg-D and the other is in N-DSK. Experiments with an analog of N-DSK showed that certain structures in N-DSK may be of particular importance for binding or activation, or both.
The Complex Chemical Abundances and Evolution of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

We report on the chemical abundances derived from high-dispersion spectra of 14 red giant stars in the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy. The stars span a wide range of metallicities, -1.6 < [Fe/H] < -0.1 dex, and exhibit very unusual abundance variations. For metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] < -1, [alpha/Fe] \approx +0.3 similar to Galactic halo stars, but for more metal-rich stars the relationship of [alpha/Fe] as a function of [Fe/H] is lower than that of the Galactic disk by 0.1 dex. The light elements [Al/Fe] and [Na/Fe] are sub-solar by an even larger amount, 0.4 dex. The pattern of neutron-capture heavy elements, as indicated by [La/Fe] and [La/Eu], shows an increasing s-process component with increasing [Fe/H], up to [La/Fe] \sim +0.7 dex for the most metal-rich Sgr dSph stars. The large [La/Y] ratios show that the s-process enrichments came from the metal-poor population. We can best understand the observed abundances with a model in which the Sgr dSph formed stars over a many Gyr and lost a significant fraction of its gas during its evolution. Low-mass, metal-poor AGB stars polluted the more metal-rich stars with s-process elements, and type Ia SNe from low-mass progenitors enriched the ISM with iron-peak metals. The type II/type Ia SNe ratio was smaller than in the Galactic disk, presumably due to a slower star formation rate; this resulted in the observed low [alpha/Fe], [Al/Fe] and [Na/Fe] ratios. The fact that Sgr stars span such a wide range in metallicity leads us to conclude that their age spread is even larger than previously inferred. We derive ages using the Padova models (Girardi et al. 2000) that span \sim 0.5 to 13 Gyr, implying a very long duration of star formation in the central regions of the Sgr dSph.
Robocode: a fun way to learn to program

CS 1 instructors have the difficult task of trying to maintain interest in programming while their students are learning enough to write interesting programs. One way to do so is to provide students with a working program and have them modify parts of it as they learn enough to do so. Robocode [1] is a game that supports virtual robot battles. The behavior of each robot is specified by a Java object that can embody a simple sequence of commands or a complicated subprogram. This tutorial introduces these robots' capabilities with exercises intended to reflect the learning curve of a typical student in a CS 1 course.
Ethical issues in phase I oncology research: a comparison of investigators and institutional review board chairpersons.

PURPOSEPhase I research trials assess the safety of agents never before administered to humans. In the field of oncology, this practice raises several important ethical questions. We examined the ethics of these trials by surveying phase I oncology investigators and institutional review board (IRB) chairpersons at major cancer research centers around the country.METHODSQuestionnaires were mailed to 78 investigators and 47 chairpersons to obtain their views on the ethical propriety of conducting phase I oncology research, and on institutional practice regarding these trials. The response rate was 68% in each group.RESULTSThe majority of each group reported that phase I oncology trials face no more scrutiny or resistance in their institution's IRB process than other research protocols. Nevertheless, IRB chairpersons were more likely than investigators to favor special procedural safeguards to protect subjects in phase I oncology trials. Nearly all respondents agreed that although actual medical benefit was ...
New type of large-area a-Si module produced using a polymer encapsulation method

A new type of amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar module has been developed, the back surface of which is encapsulated with a thermosetting polymer by using a spreading method. For this purpose, poly-olefin oligomer was chosen as an encapsulation layer and the process has been investigated. The modules show very little change in electrical performance under several types of acceleration test.
Homotopy invariance of foliation Betti numbers

Foliation Betti numbers, introduced by Connes [C I], bear a striking formal similarity to the Betti numbers of a Galois covering space [A]. Both appear in a index theorem for DeRham complexes, and both can be interpreted as the trace on a v o n Neumann algebra applied to projection operators. Dodziuk proved that the covering space Betti numbers are invariants of homotopy type [D]. The purpose of this paper is to prove the corresponding result for foliations: the leafwise Betti numbers of a foliation of a compact manifold which admits an invariant transverse measure are preserved by a measure preserving leafwise homotopy equivilence. Given two compact foliated manifolds with invariant transverse measures and a leaf-wise homotopy equivalence, we construct a v o n Neumann algebra containing the yon Neumann algebras of the individual foliations and we show that there is an involution in this algebra which intertwines the corresponding projections which give rise to the Betti numbers of the two foliations. The assumption that the homotopy equivalence is measure preserving implies that there is a trace on this new algebra which restricts to the traces on the von Neumann algebras of the two foliations. Intertwining implies that the projections have the same traces, and thus that the corresponding Betti numbers are the same. The main technical problems are the construction of a transversely measureable leaf-wise triangulation whose simplicies have volume and diameter bounded away from zero, and the construction of simplicial approximations to the leafwise homotopy equivilence and its inverse. The techniques of I-D] and [H-L I] are then applicable.
The pathos of the angry urban liberals

A structure has the property of tolerating and 'digesting' certain types of event up to a certain point and time when it is the event that digests the structure. A social structure can thus dominate an evolution and contradictions both internal and external up to a certain point which is not known in advance and is not a property of the 'consciousness' of the members of the society defined by this structure but a property of their social relations both conscious and unconscious (Maurice Godelier, Rationality and Irrationality in Economics 1973)
Multicultural genetic counseling: Then, now, and in the 21st century

Scholars, educators, and practitioners have argued that racial–cultural issues are obstacles for those seeking genetic counseling. When available, cross-cultural genetic counseling has focused on simplistic knowledge of client health beliefs and cultural customs, professional cultures, and biased theoretical models as reasons for failure to create realistic knowledge of members of racial–cultural groups in the United States. Recognizing the importance of meeting the needs for all who seek genetic counseling services, genetic counselors have been providing direction in cross-cultural genetic counseling research, practice, training, and developing competency, ethical, and professional guidelines. However, emanating from a cultural pluralism perspective, cross-cultural genetic counseling has often resulted in homogenized group stereotypes without attention to intragroup variation and individual differences. A transition from cross-cultural towards multicultural genetics shifts from culture-specific group norms to an integrated social, historical, psychological, and political perspective. By valuing the process of personal and professional racial–cultural identity development, the evolution from cross-cultural to multicultural genetic counseling that has occurred within the past quarter century is discussed. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hearing and Talking to the Other Side: Antecedents of Cross-Cutting Exposure in Adolescents

Although scholars have enthusiastically examined the outcomes of cross-cutting exposure, few studies have explored its antecedents. Moreover, most studies have attended to adults. But it is during adolescence and early adulthood that citizens are most likely to be socialized into valuing and engaging in heterogeneous discussion. The present study employs a panel survey of American adolescents, age 12 to 17, to examine the predictive power of home, school, and media use variables on two outcomes related to valuing and talking to the other side. Our findings demonstrate that adolescents’ attitudes toward valuing cross-cutting exposure as well as indulging in heterogeneous talk are consistently predicted by concept-oriented home environment and school curriculum. Among the media variables, cable news negatively and newspaper and online news positively influenced our outcome variables. Implications are discussed.
The Use of Angular Distance in Estimating Transmission Loss and Fading Range for Propagation through a Turbulent Atmosphere over Irregular Terrain

A discussion is given of the transmission loss expected in free space with various types of antennas, followed by a description of theoretical prediction curves for the transmission loss expected in tropospheric propagation on over-land paths. The Bremmer-van der Pol theory of diffraction and the Booker-Gordon and Weisskopf-Villars theories of tropospheric forward scattering are then developed in terms of angular distance as a parameter. Angular distance is the angle in the great circle plane between the radio horizon rays from the transmitting and receiving antennas. It is shown that this parameter replaces, to a first order of approximation, both the transmission path length and the antenna heights. Angular distance is shown to be useful for predicting the short term within-the-hour fading range as well as the median transmission loss. Illustrations are presented of the theoretical dependence of transmission loss on the angular distance, transmission path length, antenna height, radio frequency, and a parameter ?N which is a measure of the vertical gradient of atmospheric refractive index. Most of the long-term variations of the scattered field intensities with time, as well as the climatological variations, are attributed to changes in ?N. A new theory of obstacle gain is developed, and it is shown that this is particularly useful for explaining some of the unusually strong fields which have been observed just beyond the horizon in overland propagation.
Quantitative analysis of vascular heterogeneity in breast lesions using contrast-enhanced 3-D harmonic and subharmonic ultrasound imaging

Ability to visualize breast lesion vascularity and quantify the vascular heterogeneity using contrast-enhanced 3-D harmonic (HI) and subharmonic (SHI) ultrasound imaging was investigated in a clinical population. Patients (n = 134) identified with breast lesions on mammography were scanned using power Doppler imaging, contrast-enhanced 3-D HI, and 3-D SHI on a modified Logiq 9 scanner (GE Healthcare). A region of interest corresponding to ultrasound contrast agent flow was identified in 4D View (GE Medical Systems) and mapped to raw slice data to generate a map of time-intensity curves for the lesion volume. Time points corresponding to baseline, peak intensity, and washout of ultrasound contrast agent were identified and used to generate and compare vascular heterogeneity plots for malignant and benign lesions. Vascularity was observed with power Doppler imaging in 84 lesions (63 benign and 21 malignant). The 3-D HI showed flow in 8 lesions (5 benign and 3 malignant), whereas 3-D SHI visualized flow in 68 lesions (49 benign and 19 malignant). Analysis of vascular heterogeneity in the 3-D SHI volumes found benign lesions having a significant difference in vascularity between central and peripheral sections (1.71 ± 0.96 vs. 1.13 ± 0.79 dB, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas malignant lesions showed no difference (1.66 ± 1.39 vs. 1.24 ± 1.14 dB, p = 0.24), indicative of more vascular coverage. These preliminary results suggest quantitative evaluation of vascular heterogeneity in breast lesions using contrast-enhanced 3-D SHI is feasible and able to detect variations in vascularity between central and peripheral sections for benign and malignant lesions.
Influence of inorganic phosphate in the formation of phosphatases by Escherichia coli.

Abstract Both acid and alkaline phosphatase have been demonstrated in strains of E. coli. Bacterial acid phosphatase (pH optimum 4–5) displays a fairly high specificity for the hexosephosphates, while the alkaline enzyme (pH optimum 8.5–9.5) hydrolyzes all the phosphomonoesters tested. The kinetics of formation of both enzymes have been studied and it has been shown that alkaline phosphatase in measurable amount is only formed when Pi becomes limiting in the medium, at which point the enzyme is formed in substantial amount at a maximum rate. The implications of the findings with respect to mechanisms of controlling enzyme formation are discussed.
Share of wallet in retailing: the effects of customer satisfaction, loyalty cards and shopper characteristics

Abstract In retailing, consumers typically patronize multiple outlets. Thus, an important issue is why consumers vary in how they divide their purchases across outlets and how outlets can get a greater share of consumer expenditures. Two potential avenues for increasing customer share are to raise customer satisfaction, and increase repeat purchase through loyalty cards. This study examines the effects of customer satisfaction and loyalty cards as well as consumer characteristics on customer share spent on the primary grocery store. The findings suggest that customer satisfaction has a positive, albeit modest, effect on share while consumer economic shopping orientation has a negative direct effect on share. The economic orientation of shoppers, their felt importance of a personal relationship with store personnel, and the level of their aggregate purchase volume moderate the effect of satisfaction on customer share. Finally, the results provide mixed support for the impact of loyalty cards on customer behavior.
Human bone marrow stromal cell confluence: effects on cell characteristics and methods of assessment

Abstract Background aims Ex vivo expansion and serial passage of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells) is required to obtain sufficient quantities for clinical therapy. The BMSC confluence criteria used to determine passage and harvest timing vary widely, and the impact of confluence on BMSC properties remains controversial. The effects of confluence on BMSC properties were studied and confluence-associated markers were identified. Methods BMSC characteristics were analyzed as they grew from 50% to 100% confluence, including viability, population doubling time, apoptosis, colony formation, immunosuppression, surface marker expression, global gene expression and microRNA expression. In addition, culture supernatant protein, glucose, lactate and pH levels were analyzed. Results Confluence-dependent changes were detected in the expression of several cell surface markers: 39 culture supernatant proteins, 26 microRNAs and 2078 genes. Many of these surface markers, proteins, microRNAs and genes have been reported to be important in BMSC function. The pigment epithelium-derived factor/vascular endothelial growth factor ratio increased with confluence, but 80% and 100% confluent BMSCs demonstrated a similar level of immunosuppression of mixed lymphocyte reactions. In addition, changes in lactate and glucose levels correlated with BMSC density. Conclusions BMSC characteristics change as confluence increases. 100% confluent BMSCs may have compromised pro-angiogenesis properties but may retain their immunomodulatory properties. Supernatant lactate and glucose levels can be used to estimate confluence and ensure consistency in passage and harvest timing. Flow cytometry or microRNA expression can be used to confirm that the BMSCs have been harvested at the appropriate confluence.
Oxygen free radical mediated renal dysfunction

Abstract Postischemic renal dysfunction (PIRD) is characterized by a reduction in glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of solute. The relative contribution of oxygen free radicals (OFRs) generated during reperfusion remains unclear. This study characterized the renal response to OFRs—independent of an ischemic insult. Isolated rat kidneys were perfused at 37°C and 90–100 mm Hg with a modified Krebs' buffer. Hypoxanthine (25 μmole) and xanthine oxidase (1 unit) were combined and infused proximal to the kidney. There was a 50% increase in vascular resistance. This was accompanied by a 30% reduction in perfusate flow rate and a 70% reduction in glomerular filtration rate. There was also a significant reduction in urine flow rate and oxygen consumption. The percentage reabsorption of filtered water and sodium by the renal tubules was not diminished, however. This pattern was not observed when the xanthine oxidase was inactivated or when the perfusate was pretreated with superoxide dismutase (250 units/ml) and catalase (500 units/ml). The generation of OFRs, independent of an ischemic insult, causes a decrease in glomerular filtration out of proportion to the decrease in renal flow similar to that observed with PIRD. OFRs may contribute to the hemodynamic and glomerular alterations seen with PIRD. Factors other than OFRs, probably associated with ischemia, must be responsible for the tubular dysfunction.
Accumulation of α‐methyltyramine by the noradrenaline uptake process in the isolated rat heart

In the perfused isolated rat heart 3H-α-methyltyramine is accumulated as rapidly as noradrenaline. The accumulation of 3H-α-methyltyramine is reduced by the presence of noradrenaline or other drugs known to inhibit the noradrenaline uptake mechanism. 3H-α-Methyltyramine and noradrenaline probably compete for a common uptake mechanism. In these experiments less than 5% of the 3H-α-methyltyramine accumulated by the heart was metabolised to α-methyloctopamine.
Patterns of extra-pair fertilizations in bobolinks

We studied patterns of paternity in 840 nestling bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) from 191 pairbonded adults and the chicks they reared in west central New York, USA, during 1983–1986, using allozyme data (4 variable loci). Thirty-six (4.3%) nestlings exhibited genotypes that excluded a putative parent as a genetic parent. Using the method of Westneat et al. (1987) we estimated that 14.6% of the nestlings were sired by extrapair copulations and that 28% of the nests contained ≥ 1 nestling resulting from extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs). Rates of EPFs did not appear to be related to population density among our bobolink populations. Younger males and older females were more likely to have young in their nests sired by EPFs than were older males and younger females. Primary females (i.e., firstmated) of socially polygynous males were more likely to have young sired by EPFs than were secondary females; socially monogamous females had intermediate rates of mismatched offspring. Nestlings resulting from EPFs were not more frequent in nests of socially polygynous males than in nests of socially monogamous males. Males responsible for EPFs were probably nearby (within 2 territories) residents.
Global patterns of environmental synchrony and the Moran effect

There is considerable debate over the relative importance of dispersal and environmental disturbances (the Moran effect) as causes of spatial synchrony in fluctuations of animal populations. If environmental factors generally exhibit high levels of spatial autocorrelation, they may be playing a more important role in synchronizing animal populations than sometimes recognized. Here I examine this issue by analyzing spatial autocorrelation in annual rainfall and mean annual temperatures from sites throughout the world using the database maintained by the Global Historical Climatology Network. Both annual precipitation and mean annual temperatures exhibit high synchrony declining with distance and are statistically significant over large distance, often on a continental scale. In general, synchrony was slightly higher in annual precipitation at short distances, but greater in mean annual temperatures at long distances. No latitudinal gradient in synchrony of either variable was detected. The high overall synchrony observed in these environmental variables combined with a pattern of decline with distance similar to that observed in many animal populations suggest that the Moran effect can potentially play an important role in driving synchrony in a wide variety of ecological phenomena regardless of scale.
Politics and Pageantry in Protectorate Korea (1905–10): The Imperial Progresses of Sunjong

In the winter of 1909, at the height of Japan's informal rule in Korea, the protectorate government sent the Korean emperor Sunjong on an extended tour of the provinces. Applying the nation-building techniques of Meiji Japan, the residency-general had intended to promote unity and cooperation through the Korean royal house. Instead, the progresses sparked anti-Japanese national ism and culminated in expressions of resistance. This article explores the political context of the progresses, the role of the newspapers in Korea and Japan in shaping public opinion, and the contest of official and popular nationalisms in Korea, defined by the symbols of the throne and the national flag.
American Telemedicine Association: Federal Telemedicine Policy Summit : Washington DC - Hyatt Regency on Capitol HillJune 27, 2013 at 1:00 pm & June 28, 2013 at 12:00 pm

ATA Federal Telemedicine Policy Summit, Washington DC - Hyatt Regency on Capitol Hill June 27, 2013 at 1:00 pm and June 28, 2013 at 12:00 pm The ATA Federal Telemedicine Policy Summit is an opportunity to hear and interact with leaders from Congress, key federal agencies and influential policy thinkers about the latest developments affecting telemedicine. The Summit will include participation of key stakeholders including healthcare providers, business interests, medical societies, consumer groups and more. Join the conversation and hear the latest, inside information about the swift changes underway in healthcare delivery, public policy and the opportunities these provide for those involved in telemedicine. The Summit has an exciting line-up of speakers, representing the nation’s top policy leaders in healthcare. For information: http://www.americantelemed.org/ata-federal-telemedicine-policy-summit/summit-overview
Helix unwinding and base flipping enable human MTERF1 to terminate mitochondrial transcription

Defects in mitochondrial gene expression are associated with aging and disease. Mterf proteins have been implicated in modulating transcription, replication and protein synthesis. We have solved the structure of a member of this family, the human mitochondrial transcriptional terminator MTERF1, bound to dsDNA containing the termination sequence. The structure indicates that upon sequence recognition MTERF1 unwinds the DNA molecule, promoting eversion of three nucleotides. Base flipping is critical for stable binding and transcriptional termination. Additional structural and biochemical results provide insight into the DNA binding mechanism and explain how MTERF1 recognizes its target sequence. Finally, we have demonstrated that the mitochondrial pathogenic G3249A and G3244A mutations interfere with key interactions for sequence recognition, eliminating termination. Our results provide insight into the role of mterf proteins and suggest a link between mitochondrial disease and the regulation of mitochondrial transcription.
Molecular Organization in Site-Specific Recombination: The Catalytic Domain of Bacteriophage HP1 Integrase at 2.7 Å Resolution

Abstract HP1 integrase promotes site-specific recombination of the HP1 genome into that of Haemophilus influenzae. The isolated C-terminal domain (residues 165–337) of the protein interacts with the recombination site and contains the four catalytic residues conserved in the integrase family. This domain represents a novel fold consisting principally of well-packed α helices, a surface β sheet, and an ordered 17-residue C-terminal tail. The conserved triad of basic residues and the active-site tyrosine are contributed by a single monomer and occupy fixed positions in a defined active-site cleft. Dimers are formed by mutual interactions of the tail of one monomer with an adjacent monomer; this orients active-site clefts antiparallel to each other.
Diel and Seasonal Patterns of Horizontal and Vertical Movements of Telemetered Cutthroat Trout in Lake Washington, Washington

Abstract Salmonid fishes are often the top predators in cool lakes, and their movements may reflect the distribution of available prey as well as physical factors such as light and temperature. We used ultrasonic telemetry to examine the vertical and horizontal movement patterns of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki in Lake Washington, a monomictic lake in Washington State. We hypothesized that the trout would show seasonal shifts in vertical distribution, balancing avoidance of warm surface waters with the need to forage on vertically migrating limnetic planktivores. During the lake's annual stratification period, the trout avoided the near-surface waters (mean fish depth = 15.7 m); however, the trout were nearer to the surface when the lake was mixed (mean fish depth = 7.5 m), consistent with a thermal constraint. The trout did not show notable diel changes in behavior, either in depth or swimming speed. Rather, they swam about 0.5 body lengths per second in open water during the day and were only some...
PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN PROGRESSION IN MEN WITH LYMPH NODE METASTASES FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: RESULTS OF LONG-TERM FOLLOWUP

ABSTRACTPurpose:: We examined the clinical outcome of patients with lymph node metastases found at prostatectomy with the goal to identify factors that predict freedom from prostate specific antigen (PSA) progression.Materials and Methods:: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 3,264 consecutive men with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent extended pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy performed by a single surgeon between April 1982 and March 2003. Patients with pathologically confirmed lymph node metastases and no history of adjuvant treatment were identified. Clinical and histopathological factors were analyzed for an association with time to PSA progression using univariate and multivariable analyses.Results:: Of the 143 patients (4.4% of total) in the study with nodal involvement 24 (16.8%) were free of disease at last followup (median 6 years). Median time to failure was 2 years with PSA progression occurring as late as 11 years postoperatively in 2 patients. The 5 and...
AN ANALYSIS OF FRICTIONAL EFFECTS ON CYLINDRICAL MODE III FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION SPECIMENS

— A model predicting the magnitude of frictional effects from fracture surface roughness on mode III fatigue crack growth is presened. Analysis of published data indicates that fracture surface roughness of the order of micrometers or less is enough to account for mode III fatigue crack growth retardation observation for increasing crack lengths for growth at constant ΔK. The model suggests that high strength materials will exhibit a greater resistance to shear crack growth than low strength materials. It also suggests that the resistance to shear crack growth will be more prominent at low nominal applied shear stress. The results of the analysis suggest that the concept of similitude does apply to mode III fatigue crack growth when the effects of friction on the stress intensity factor are included.
Pressure measurements in a liquid filled cylinder using a three degree of freedom flight simulator

Abstract : A three degree of freedom flight simulator was used to simulate the angular motion of a spin-stabilized projectile in order to measure internal pressures on a liquid filled cylinder. The flight stability of liquid filled shell is often determined by linearized theory and tests of subscale models. This simulator is sufficiently large to produce full scale tests and can acomodate a large number and variety of TRANSDUCDERS. Pressure and accelerometer measurements were taken in a continuous fashion on a liquid filled cylinder endwall and sidewall. The Reynolds number was 18,200. Tests at several different AMPLITUDES of yaw allowed for comparisons with linear theory. Nonlinear trends were observed. Measurements of the phase difference between the pressure and the yawing motion are presented. Pressure data are available for prograde and retrograde yawing motion, and they provide a verification of the theory applications for a wide range of the coning frequency. Keywords: rotating liquids, pressure measurement.
The prospective role of personal health records in streamlining and accelerating the disability determination process

Abstract Background The disability community could benefit significantly from the widespread adoption of health information technology, in particular from its ability to streamline and accelerate processing of the estimated 3 million disability benefits applications filed with the Social Security Administration each year. Disability determination is an inefficient, largely paper-based process requiring large volumes of clinical data compiled from multiple provider sources. That, coupled with a lack of transparency within the process, adds unnecessary delays and expense. Objective The objective of this paper is to outline the case for how personal health records, particularly those populated with information from provider-held electronic health records and payer claims data, offer a means to achieve financial savings from shortened disability determination processes, as well as a tool for disability health self-management and care coordination. Methods Drawing from research and policy forums and testimony before the American Health Information Community, the importance of including the disability community as the nation moves forward with health information technology initiatives is explored. Results Our research suggests that systemwide improvements such as the Nationwide Health Information Network and other such health information technology initiatives could be used to bring benefits to the disability community. Conclusions The time has come to use health information technology initiatives so that federal policy makers can takes steps to reduce the inefficiencies in the Social Security Administration disability determination process while improving the program's value to those who need it the most.
Co-Morbidities of Interstitial Cystitis

Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the proportion of patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/BPS) with systemic dysfunction associated co-morbidities such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and fibromyalgia (FM). Material and Methods: Two groups of subjects with IC/BPS were included: 1) Physician diagnosed patients with IC/BPS and 2) Subjects meeting NIDDK IC/PBS criteria based on a questionnaire (ODYSA). These groups were compared to healthy controls matched for age and socio-economic status. NIDDK criteria required: pain with bladder filling that improves with emptying, urinary urgency due to discomfort or pain, polyuria > 11 times/24 hrs, and nocturia > 2 times/night. The ODYSA instrument evaluates symptoms pertaining to a range of disorders including chronic fatigue, orthostatic intolerance, syncope, IBS, dyspepsia, cyclic vomiting syndrome, headaches and migraines, sleep, Raynaud’s syndrome and chronic aches and pains. Results: IC/BPS was diagnosed in 26 subjects (mean age 47 +/- 16 yrs, 92% females), 58 had symptoms of IC/BPS by NIDDK criteria, (mean age 40 +/- 17 yrs, 79% females) and 48 were healthy controls (mean age 31+/- 14 yrs, mean age 77%). Co-morbid complaints in the IC/BPS groups included gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of IBS and dyspepsia, sleep abnormalities with delayed onset of sleep, feeling poorly refreshed in the morning, waking up before needed, snoring, severe chronic fatigue and chronic generalized pain, migraines and syncope. Discussion: Patients with IC/BPS had co-morbid central and autonomic nervous system disorders. Our findings mirror those of others in regard to IBS, symptoms suggestive of FM, chronic pain and migraine. High rates of syncope and functional dyspepsia found in the IC/BPS groups merit further study to determine if IC/BPS is part of a diffuse disorder of central, autonomic and sensory processing affecting multiple organs outside the bladder.
Hydroclimate mediates effects of a keystone species in a coldwater reservoir

Abstract Many reservoirs exhibit interannual variations in water content resulting from climatic variability. Hydroclimatological factors may also affect physicochemical conditions such as thermal stratification and dissolved oxygen concentrations, which in turn have important implications for reservoir biota. We investigated the interplay among water budget, climate, and food web interactions involving a keystone planktivore, Mysis diluviana, occurring at Lake Granby, Colorado, during 1954–2009. A popular kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) fishery has been maintained at this 2938 ha montane reservoir, but survival and growth of kokanee has varied widely, with spawning adults ranging in size from 272 to 449 mm total length and population size varying by an order of magnitude (21–269 fish/ha). The kokanee population was strongly affected by Mysis, through competition for food (Daphnia) and because Mysis probably enhanced lake trout recruitment and predation on kokanee. Physicochemical conditions in the reservoir...
Effect of tool edge wear on the cutting forces and vibrations in high-speed finish machining of Inconel 718: an experimental study and wavelet transform analysis

High-speed machining has been receiving growing attention and wide applications in modern manufacture. Extensive research has been conducted in the past on tool flank wear and crater wear in high-speed machining (such as milling, turning, and drilling). However, little study was performed on the tool edge wear—the wear of a tool cutting edge before it is fully worn away—that can result in early tool failure and deteriorated machined surface quality. The present study aims to fill this important research gap by investigating the effect of tool edge wear on the cutting forces and vibrations in 3D high-speed finish turning of nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718. A carefully designed set of turning experiments were performed with tool inserts that have different tool edge radii ranging from 2 to 62 μm. The experimental results reveal that the tool edge profile dynamically changes across each point on the tool cutting edge in 3D high-speed turning. Tool edge wear increases as the tool edge radius increases. As tool edge wear dynamically develops during the cutting process, all the three components of the cutting forces (i.e., the cutting force, the feed force, and the passive force) increase. The cutting vibrations that accompany with dynamic tool edge wear were analyzed using both the traditional fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique and the modern discrete wavelet transform technique. The results show that, compared to the FFT, the discrete wavelet transform is more effective and advantageous in revealing the variation of the cutting vibrations across a wide range of frequency bands. The discrete wavelet transform also reveals that the vibration amplitude increases as the tool edge wear increases. The average energy of wavelet coefficients calculated from the cutting vibration signals can be employed to evaluate tool edge wear in turning with tool inserts that have different tool edge radii.
Kauriichnus, A New Name for a Quaternary Ichnofossil

Arborichnus Ekdale and Lewis, 1991 is a junior homonym of Arborichnus Romano and Melendez, 1985, so we propose Kauriichnus as a replacement name.
Recovering Correct Reconstructions from Indistinguishable Geometry

Structure-from-motion (SFM) is widely utilized to generate 3D reconstructions from unordered photo-collections. However, in the presence of non unique, symmetric, or otherwise indistinguishable structure, SFM techniques often incorrectly reconstruct the final model. We propose a method that not only determines if an error is present, but automatically corrects the error in order to produce a correct representation of the scene. We find that by exploiting the co-occurrence information present in the scene's geometry, we can successfully isolate the 3D points causing the incorrect result. This allows us to split an incorrect reconstruction into error-free sub-models that we then correctly merge back together. Our experimental results show that our technique is efficient, robust to a variety of scenes, and outperforms existing methods.
Response to Comment on "Roadless Space of the Conterminous United States"

Girvetz et al . criticize our work and the value of the roadless volume (RV) metric, basing their arguments on the artificial imposition of wildlife habitat connectivity as the context. We counter that in our intended contexts, both practical and geographic theoretical considerations make RV an appropriate measure of the space between roads.
Training neural networks using Central Force Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization: Insights and comparisons

Central Force Optimization (CFO) is a novel and upcoming metaheuristic technique that is based upon physical kinematics. It has previously been demonstrated that CFO is effective when compared with other metaheuristic techniques when applied to multiple benchmark problems and some real world applications. This work applies the CFO algorithm to training neural networks for data classification. As a proof of concept, the CFO algorithm is first applied to train a basic neural network that represents the logical XOR function. This work is then extended to train two different neural networks in order to properly classify members of the Iris data set. These results are compared and contrasted to results gathered using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in the same applications. Similarities and differences between CFO and PSO are also explored in the areas of algorithm design, computational complexity, and natural basis. The paper concludes that CFO is a novel and promising meta-heuristic that is competitive with if not superior to the PSO algorithm, and there is much room to further improve it.
Factitious Aortic Dissection Leading to Thoracotomy in a 20-Year-Old Man

A 20-year-old man presented to an emergency department with dramatic, sudden-onset, tearing chest pain. He also claimed to have been previously diagnosed with Ehler-Danlos syndrome and a previous Type I aortic dissection (intimal tear of ascending aorta), rapidly increasing his treating physician's suspicion of an emergent aortic dissection. The patient was quickly transferred to a large university hospital, where he underwent a median sternotomy and thoracotomy, with no aortic pathology found on operation and biopsy. After the patient's postoperative recovery, he was treated at a mental health facility, where he remained ambivalent about his psychiatric condition and did not respond well to treatment. This case report describes a unique case of factitious disorder that led to a serious operative intervention and subsequent psychiatric care and assesses factors that might have contributed to his hospital course.
Response of the murine gastrointestinal epithelium to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum. II: radiation combinations.

Single doses of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II (cis DDP) up to 8 mg/kg produced a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferative activity with a subsequent period of compensatory hyperplasia in the colon. The stomach was less responsive to cis DDP. Cis DDP-radiation combinations produced a dimunition in the proliferative response of the colon when compared to that following radiation only. This response was only seen in the stomach following 8 mg/kg of cis DDP and radiation. Cytokinetic analysis of the jejunal response to 8 mg/kg of cis DDP showed a gradual reduction in LN and MF/crypt with a reduction in the rate of DNA synthesis of S-phase cells through 8 hours post-treatment. By 24 hours the cellular DNA synthetic rate had recovered, although the number of S-phase cells was further reduced. The previously reported jejunal response to cis DDP-radiation combinations involved a reduction in crypt survival, coupled with a reduced proliferative capacity of surviving cells. Further investigation has revealed a possible inhibition of radiation damage repair by cis DDP, leading to increased levels of cell kill with the combination and reduced recovery of DNA synthetic rates in surviving cells.
On Problems Associated with Modeling Wing-Tail Configurations from Wind Tunnel Data

This paper considers factors that contribute to poor identification of unsteady aerodynamics from wind tunnel data for an airliner configuration. One approach to modeling a wing-tail configuration is considered and applied to both steady and large-amplitude forced pitch oscillation wind tunnel data taken over a wide range of angles of attack but a limited range of amplitude and frequencies. The identified models fit the measured data well but in some cases with inaccurate parameters. Only limited conclusions can be drawn from analysis of the current data set until further experiments can be performed to resolve the identification issues. The analysis of measured and simulated data provides some insights and guidance on how an effective experiment may be designed for wing-tail configurations with nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics.