cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
QTc prolongation by antiepileptic drugs and the risk of torsade de pointes in patients with epilepsy.

Abstract Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common epilepsy-related cause of death. While the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SUDEP are still uncertain, impaired cardiac function including seizure-induced arrhythmias has received increased attention. In addition, the potential role of antiepileptic drugs has been suggested. While the preponderance of clinical data would suggest that use of most antiepileptic drugs does not pose excessive additional risk of QT prolongation, available data also do not provide sufficient evidence that these drugs are entirely free of risk in all patients. In particular, the potential for these medications, either alone or in combination, to prolong the QT interval should be considered. This review will discuss mechanisms for drug-induced QT prolongation and its relationship to potentially fatal arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Translational Epilepsy Research”.
Phenomenology and Prevalence of Neuroleptic-Induced Akathisia in Late Life

The authors examined 115 patients totaling 127 admissions to an acute care geriatric psychiatry inpatient unit using the Barnes Akathisia Scale. Subjective complaints of akathisia were associated with a diagnosis of major depression and correlated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores but were not associated with current neuroleptic treatment. Objective evidence of akathisia was strongly associated with current neuroleptic use. Patients from 45 admissions were receiving neuroleptics at the time of assessment. By using the presence of objective akathisia to define the syndrome, the authors identified 8 patients from these 45 (17.8%) as having neurolepticinduced akathisia (NIA). The presence of MA was associated with a lower rate of antiparkinsonian agent use. NIA contributed to the presenting complaints on admission in 7 patients, comprising 5.5% of all 127 admissions.
Active coning compensation for control of spinning flying vehicles

Many gun launched projectiles spin to maintain in-flight dynamic stability. This spinning often induces the gyroscopic phenomenon known as precession, or coning. Coning poses a problem for actively controlling the projectile. A control scheme is proposed that can compensate for the coning angle of the projectile and allow front-mounted canards to efficiently change the projectile flight path without reaching a stall condition. Closed-loop regulation and H 2 control theories are employed to construct the controller.
Effect of Spinning Draft Parameters on Cotton Drafting Efficiency

Studies of drafting force in the front drafting zone of the Saco-Lowell MagneCradle 17-B and Tru-Set drafting systems indicate that the MagneCradle 17-B, which uses higher roll pressure, has a grea...
Optimum energy levels and offsets for organic donor/acceptor binary photovoltaic materials and solar cells

Optimum frontier orbital energy levels and offsets of an organic donor/acceptor binary type photovoltaic material have been analyzed using classic Marcus electron transfer theory in order to achieve the most efficient photo induced charge separation. This study reveals that, an exciton quenching parameter (EQP) yields one optimum donor/acceptor frontier orbital energy offset that equals the sum of the exciton binding energy and the charge separation reorganization energy, where the photo generated excitons are converted into charges most efficiently. A recombination quenching parameter (RQP) yields a second optimum donor/acceptor energy offset where the ratio of charge separation rate constant over charge recombination rate constant becomes largest. It is desirable that the maximum RQP is coincidence or close to the maximum EQP. A third energy offset is also identified where charge recombination becomes most severe. It is desirable that the most severe charge recombination offset is far away from maximum EQP offset. These findings are very critical for evaluating and fine tuning frontier orbital energy levels of a donor/acceptor pair in order to realize high efficiency organic photovoltaic materials.
Impact of management practices on grain yield and grain protein relationships in Durum wheat

We examined the relationship between grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC) in durum wheat (Trticum turgidum L. var. durum) as affected by N application rate, seeding rate, and irrigation levels. Field experiments were conducted for four years with five N rates, five seeding rates, and four Irrigation regimes: A. Only a preplant irrigation; B. A + one irrigation at tillering; C. B + one irrigation at booting stage; and D. C + one irrigation at early soft dough stage. These treatments produced a large variation in GY and GPC which provided the basis for examining the GY-GPC relationship by all possible correlation analyses and by analysis of variance after partitioning the bivariate responses (GY and GPC) into pairs of univariate responses. The contribution of N, seeding rate, and irrigation on parallel (simultaneous changes in the same direction) and opposite changes in GY and GPC was determined. The effects of N and seeding rate on parallel increase in GY and GPC were significant. For a given level of irrigation, increasing N application resulted in significant parallel increase in GY and GPC to the highest level of N. At low N levels, increase in irrigation level from A to B increased GY and decreased GPC; however, it was not true at higher N levels. For a given N level, GY plateaued at irrigation C, whereas GPC increased up to irrigation D. The overall effects of irrigation treatments on parallel changes (positive correlation) in GY and GPC significantly outweighed their effects on opposite changes (negative correlation) in GY and GPC. Increasing levels of N and irrigation improved the correlation between GY and GPC and the yield-protein index. This study suggests that with proper management practice it is possible to increase both GY and GPC simultaneously and obtain high protein yield ha−1.
Strain L fibroblast upases. Purification and properties

Abstract Triglyceride hydrolysis by sonicated Littlefield strain L fibroblasts was measured by determining the amount of [1-14C]oleic acid liberated during a 1-h incubation at 37 °C with [1-14C]triolein. Three optimal pH values could be observed. Approximately 80% of the total lipolytic activity was associated with the pH 6.5 lipase. The enzyme was inhibited by PO43- and sodium taurocholate, but was unaffected by NaCl, heparin, eserine, or cyclic AMP. Treatment of sonicated L cells with neutral solvents or gum arabic caused an approximate 3-fold increase in lipolytic activity. The enzyme from sonicated L cells remained with the 105000 × g supernatant liquid and was purified approximately 45-fold by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. When the purified enzyme was treated with diethyl ether and fractionated by column chromatography with DEAE-cellulose or Sephadex G-200, lipolytic activity was now found in a number of fractions. The potential total enzyme activity of the pH 6.5 lipase on a unit cell basis would be sufficient to account for the rate of removal of intracellular lipid droplets in growing L cells, and oners an explanation for the rapid exchange of acyl groups in such droplets during the time of their formation.
Release of Glutamate and Aspartate from CA1 Synaptosomes: Selective Modulation of Aspartate Release by Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands

Synaptosomes prepared from area CA1 of the rat hippocampus were used to determine (a) whether Schaffer collateral-commissural-ipsilateral associational terminals release both aspartate and glutamate in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner when reuptake of released glutamate is minimal and (b) whether autoreceptor mechanisms described in CA1 or hippocampal slices could reflect direct actions of glutamate receptor ligands on the synaptic terminal. When challenged for 1 min with either 25 mM K+ or 300 microM 4-aminopyridine, CA1 synaptosomes released both glutamate and aspartate in Ca(2+)-dependent manner. The glutamate/aspartate ratio was approximately 5:1 in each case. K(+)-evoked glutamate release was unaffected by ligands active at NMDA or (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors. Unlike glutamate release, the release of aspartate was enhanced by NMDA, and this effect was blocked by D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (D-AP5). Kainate selectively depressed and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) selectively increased the K(+)-evoked release of aspartate. AMPA enhanced aspartate release, like the antagonist CNQX. When applied in the presence of diazoxide, which blocks the desensitization of AMPA receptors, AMPA and kainate both depressed aspartate release. These findings support the view that Schaffer collateral-commissural-ipsilateral associational terminals release aspartate as well as glutamate and that these two release processes are regulated by different autoreceptor mechanisms.
Penrose limits, PP waves and deformed M2 branes

Motivated by the recent discussions of the Penrose limit of ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{S}}^{5},$ we examine a more general class of supersymmetric pp-wave solutions of the type IIB theory, with a larger number of nonvanishing structures in the self-dual 5-form. One of the pp-wave solutions can be obtained as a Penrose limit of a D3-D3 intersection. In addition to 16 standard supersymmetries these backgrounds always allow for supernumerary supersymmetries. The latter are in one-to-one correspondence with the linearly realized world-sheet supersymmetries of the corresponding exactly solvable type IIB string action. The pp-waves provide new examples where supersymmetries will survive in a T-duality transformation on the ${x}^{+}$ coordinate. The T-dual solutions can be lifted to give supersymmetric deformed M2-branes in $D=11.$ The deformed M2-brane is dual to a three-dimensional field theory whose renormalization group flow runs from the conformal fixed point in the infrared regime to a nonconformal theory as the energy increases. At a certain intermediate energy scale there is a phase transition associated with a naked singularity of the M2-brane. In the ultraviolet limit the theory is related by T duality to an exactly solvable massive type IIB string theory.
Influence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the synthesis of zeolite ZK-5

Abstract ZK-5 (KFI) molecular sieve was synthesized in the K2O:SrO:Al2O3:SiO2:160 H2O:THF system using conventional hydrothermal heating. Effect of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was investigated. Products were characterized by XRD, TGA, FESEM, EDX and TPD-MS. THF influences the crystallinity and crystal size of ZK-5. The molar ratio of THF/Al2O3 from 0.4 to 1.0 gives the best results in terms of crystallinity (measured by XRD) and purity for the prepared ZK-5. Crystal size of ZK-5 zeolite is reduced by the presence of THF.
Codifying trees and multitrees of a complete graph

Abstract Simple codes for trees and multitrees of a complete graph are presented. They can be used rather efficiently for the generation of all possible trees and multitrees of a complete or nearly complete graph. With minor modifications, the code can also be used as a generating function for labeled trees. Illustrative examples are given.
Supercomputer simulations of platelet activation in blood plasma at multiple scales

Thrombogenicity in cardiovascular devices and pathologies is associated with flow-induced shear stress activation of platelets resulting from pathological flow patterns. This platelet activation process poses a major modeling challenge as it covers disparate spatiotemporal scales, from flow down to cellular, to subcellular, and to molecular scales. This challenge can be resolved by implementing multiscale simulations feasible only on supercomputers. The simulation must couple the macroscopic effects of blood plasma flow and stresses to a microscopic platelet dynamics. In an attempt to model this complex and multiscale behavior we have first developed a phenomenological three-dimensional coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) particle-based model. This model depicts resting platelets and simulates their characteristic filopodia formation observed during activation. Simulations results are compared with in vitro measurements of activated platelet morphological changes, such as the core axes and filopodia thicknesses and lengths, after exposure to the prescribed flow-induced shear stresses. More recently, we extended this model by incorporating the platelet in Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) blood plasma flow and developed a dynamic coupling scheme that allows the simulation of flow-induced shear stress platelet activation. This portion of research is in progress.
Effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ursodeoxycholic acid on gallbladder motility.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and dissolution agents are useful nonsurgical therapies for gallstones. Their effect on gallbladder emptying is unclear. We evaluated emptying by ultrasonography before and after lithotripsy in 50 patients on ursodeoxycholic acid or placebo and in nine controls. At baseline, patients had normal (68.8±3.2%) or delayed emptying (14.5±3.3%). In a subset of 24 patients, lithotripsy increased fasting volume (26.6±3.0 to 43.8±5.0 ml,P<0.005), postprandial volume (11.3±3.1 ml to 22.9±3.0 ml,P<0.05), and decreased ejection fraction (70.0±4.1% to 42.7±6.0%,P<0.0005). There was an inverse linear correlation between power and ejection fraction,r=−0.43,P<0.005. Ursodeoxycholic acid increased fasting (23.3±2.2 ml to 36.7±4.6 ml,P<0.005) and postprandial volume (11.1±1.8 to 17.6±2.5,P<0.005). Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid resulted in a greater decrease in fragment size compared to placebo after lithotripsy in patients with fragment size greater than 6 mm. In conclusion, both lithotripsy and ursodeoxycholic acid have an effect on gallbladder emptying.
“Strike not from Law’s firm hand that awful rod”: Wordsworth’s Salisbury Plain and the Penalty of Death

This essay argues that Wordsworth’s attitude toward the death penalty is more consistent than is usually recognized. Both the early and late versions of the Salisbury Plain poems, for instance, identify the importance of personal responsibility and accept that execution is sometimes, as the oft‐derided Sonnets Upon the Punishment of Death put it, the only “fit retribution.” This perspective was, however, complicated by Wordsworth’s awareness of the excesses of the Bloody Code, his antipathy to the authoritarian policies of Pitt’s government, and by his allegiance, during the mid‐1790s, to the philosophy of Godwin’s Political Justice. A close analysis of the Salisbury Plain poems in the context of popular calls for penal reform reveals not only Wordsworth’s long‐standing interest in the issue of capital punishment and his determination to participate in the contemporary debates about the matter, but also the extent of his growing estrangement from Godwin’s necessarian principles during the composition of A...
Investigation of the (3He, 8He) reaction on 58Ni and 64Ni

Abstract The 64Ni(3He, 8He) reaction at 75.3 MeV was observed with a cross section at 10° of approximately 230 pb/sr using the Princeton Q3D spectrograph. For 58Ni and 50Ti targets, upper limits were set at 35 and 100 pb/sr at 10°.
During tangential migration, SDF1 lends the cytoskeleton a guiding hand.

The cerebral cortex is a laminar structure that is composed of two major neuronal populations: glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons. Projection neurons are born in the ventricular zone and migrate radially into the cortical plate, with the youngest neurons continuing their
Computerized field evaporation microscopy

Abstract A new method has been developed to computerize field evaporation microscopy (FEM). Individual field evaporation images produced on the imaging atom probe detector are scanned by a MOS camera either in synchronization with the field evaporation pulse or at selected intervals during continuous field evaporation. The signal intensity of this photodiode array is read into a video buffer in an intelligent CAMAC module. The contents of this video buffer may then be transferred into main computer memory and stored on disk for further image processing. The individual images may be produced from either a separate output on the video buffer or from the data in computer memory. Animated serial sections and three-dimensional renderings may be produced from the data in computer memory. This method may also be used to reconstruct features from sequences of field ion images.
The Role of CD44 in Disease Pathophysiology and Targeted Treatment

The cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 is involved in a multitude of important physiological functions including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, hematopoiesis, and lymphocyte activation. The diverse physiological activity of CD44 is manifested in the pathology of a number of diseases including cancer, arthritis, bacterial and viral infections, interstitial lung disease, vascular disease and wound healing. This diversity in biological activity is conferred by both a variety of distinct CD44 isoforms generated through complex alternative splicing, posttranslational modifications (e.g., N- and O-glycosylation), interactions with a number of different ligands and the abundance and spatial distribution of CD44 on the cell surface. The extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is the principle ligand of CD44. This review focuses both CD44-hyaluronan dependent and independent CD44 signaling and the role of CD44-HA interaction in various pathophysiologies. The review also discusses recent advances in novel treatment strategies that exploit the CD44-HA interaction either for direct targeting or for drug delivery.
Synthesis and characterization of uniform alumina-mesoporous silica hybrid membranes.

The synthesis and characterization of alumina−mesoporous silica (alumina−MS) hybrid membranes are reported. The hybrids are formed using a variation of the evaporative-induced self-assembly (EISA) process reported by Hayward et al. (Langmuir 2004, 20, 5998) based on dip coating of an Anopore 200 nm membrane with a Brij-56/TEOS/HCl/H2O solution. Numerous analytical methods are used to probe both the hybrid material and the silica phase after dissolution of the Anopore substrate. Most importantly, He/N2 permeation measurements show that the effective pore size of the membrane can be tuned from 20 to 5 nm based on the number of dip-coating cycles used. The observed He/N2 permselectivity of 2.7 ± 0.11 is nearly identical to the theoretical value obtained (2.65) assuming Knudsen diffusion dominates. The selectivity of these membranes is higher than that of most commercial “5 nm” membranes (2.29), which is ascribed to the lack of pinhole defects in the materials reported here. The hybrid membranes as well as th...
The surgical significance of therapeutic touch

Therapeutic touch (TT) is believed to help promote relaxation, reduce pain, accelerate the healing process, and alleviate psychosomatic illness. Patients who undergo surgery frequently experience stressors such as anxiety and pain. Although there have been limited studies on the use of TT in the surgical arena, it is a stress-reduction method that should be explored further. This article discusses studies that examined the use of TT in reducing anxiety and pain.
Correlation consistent basis sets for explicitly correlated wavefunctions: valence and core–valence basis sets for Li, Be, Na, and Mg

Correlation consistent basis sets for the alkali and alkaline earth metals Li, Be, Na, and Mg have been optimized for use with explicitly correlated F12 methods. These include orbital basis sets for valence-only (denoted cc-pVnZ-F12) and core–valence (cc-pCVnZ-F12) correlation, along with compact complementary auxiliary basis sets for use in the resolution of the identity approximation. Additional auxiliary basis sets that can be employed in the density fitting of two-electron integrals in both explicitly correlated methods and in more conventional correlated methods, such as density fitted second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (DF-MP2), have also been developed by adding additional diffuse or core–valence functions to the cc-pVnZ/MP2FIT sets of Hattig. Explicitly correlated calculations with the approximate CCSD(T)-F12b method have been carried out with these basis sets on a series of sixteen test molecules to demonstrate their accuracy for optimized geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and atomization energies. Results comparable to conventional CCSD(T) quintuple-ζ, which are near the complete basis set limits for these molecules, are obtained using CCSD(T)-F12b with just triple-ζ quality basis sets. The effects on the spectroscopic constants from correlating the outer core electrons are accurately recovered with just the cc-pCVDZ-F12 basis sets.
The deprotonation energies of BH5 and AlH5 : Comparisons to GaH5

Abstract Hypercoordinate boron is most unusual, leading to considerable theoretical and experimental research on the parent BH5 molecule. The deprotonation energies of BH5 and the related molecules AlH5 and GaH5 have been of particular interest. Here the energy differences for XH 5 → XH 4 - + H ( X = B and Al ) are computed to be 332.4 and 326.3 kcal mol−1, respectively, with an aug-cc-pVQZ basis set at the CCSD(T) level of theory. Vibrational frequencies for BH 4 - and AlH 4 - are also reported as 1098, 1210, 2263, and 2284 cm−1 and 760, 779, 1658, and 1745 cm−1, respectively, again at the CCSD(T) aug-cc-pVQZ level of theory. Comparisons with the valence isoelectronic GaH5 molecule are made.
MEMS absolute pressure sensor on a flexible substrate

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of micromachined, piezoresistive, absolute pressure sensors sandwiched between a flexible polyimide. The sensors are designed for structural health monitoring in aerospace applications. A suspended aluminum oxide diaphragm is utilized where nichrome (Ni-80%/Cr-20%) piezoresistive sensors are placed in a half Wheatstone bridge geometry to ensure a linear response and thermal stability. The sensitivity was found to be 1.51 nV/Pa with an average dynamic range of 8.31 MPa.
Outcomes of irinotecan-based chemotherapy regimens in elderly Medicare patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Abstract Background: Several population-based studies have confirmed the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin for treatment of colorectal cancer. Few population-based studies have evaluated other chemotherapies that are now available for colorectal cancer management. Objective: This study primarily sought to evaluate the survival benefit of first-line irinotecan use in a group of Medicare patients with stage IV (metastatic) colorectal cancer. Methods: Data on chemotherapy users with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer reported between 1998 and 2002 were obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Irinotecan, marketed in 1997, was one of the newer chemotherapy agents in the available data. Chemotherapy episodes, defined as periods of continuous chemotherapy treatment with no gaps >90 days between successive claims, were identified. The first chemotherapy episode after diagnosis was used to identify lines of treatment: patients may have initiated irinotecan therapy within 2 months (first-line), used irinotecan later in the first episode (second-line), or not used irinotecan at all. Descriptive statistics were generated and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the survival benefit of irinotecan. Secondary analyses explored the survival benefit in specific patient subgroups. The impact of irinotecan use on health care utilization also was assessed. Results: Of 3327 chemotherapy users (mean/median age, 75 years), 842 (25.3%) initiated chemotherapy using irinotecan. No overall survival benefit for irinotecan was observed in the primary analysis comparing irinotecan initiators with all other chemotherapy users (including those who used irinotecan subsequently). Covariates that were negatively associated with survival included older age, presence of >1 comorbidity, a high tumor grade, lymph node involvement, and a primary tumor site in the colon. Surgery was positively associated with a lower hazard of death. In subgroup analyses that excluded subsequent irinotecan users, a survival benefit for irinotecan was observed but diminished over time. Irinotecan users had higher rates of hospitalizations possibly due to chemotherapy-related adverse effects. This retrospective claims study had limitations such as a lack of information on patient performance status, dosing, and the types of regimens used; hence, certain assumptions had to be made and selection bias may have been involved. Conclusions: The definitive survival advantage of irinotecan observed in clinical trials was not reproducible in this population of elderly Medicare patients. The results emphasize the need for expansion of trials to include a more diverse patient group as well as continued evaluation of more recent chemotherapies in real-world settings.
Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Kame Project

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that oxidative damage caused by the -amyloid peptide in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease may be hydrogen peroxide mediated. Many polyphenols, the most abundant dietary antioxidants, possess stronger neuroprotection against hydrogen peroxide than antioxidant vitamins. METHODS: We tested whether consumption of fruit and vegetable juices, containing a high concentration of polyphenols, decreases the risk of incident probable Alzheimer’s disease in the Kame Project cohort, a population-based prospective study of 1836 Japanese Americans in King County, Washington, who were dementia-free at baseline (1992-1994) and were followed through 2001. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, the hazard ratio for probable Alzheimer’s disease was 0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.61) comparing subjects who drank juices at least 3 times per week with those who drank less often than once per week with a hazard ratio of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.31-2.29) for those drinking juices 1 to 2 times per week (P for trend .01). This inverse association tended to be more pronounced among those with an apolipoprotein E-4 allele and those who were not physically active. Conversely, no association was observed for dietary intake of vitamins E, C, or -carotene or tea consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Fruit and vegetable juices may play an important role in delaying the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, particularly among those who are at high risk for the disease. These results may lead to a new avenue of inquiry in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Changes in the population of active rosette-forming cells: a sensitive index for mortality among thermal injury patients

Abstract Peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal and thermally injured patients were studied for their ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by active E-rosette assay at different times postinjury. The population of active rosette forming cells (ARFC) was observed to be significantly lower (P
Moral Judgment as a Function of Age, Sex, and Stimulus

Summary Individual differences in moral judgment as related to age and sex of Ss and stimulus variables of sex of story-model and situational familiarity-remoteness were investigated. An objective instrument based on Kohlberg's dilemmas was developed and administered to 240 boys and girls at three age levels. Developmental trends in moral judgments as predicted by Kohlberg's theory were obtained, lending validity to the objective measure. While level of moral judgment was comparable for boys and girls at ages 11 and 17, 14-year-old girls showed higher moral reasoning than their male peers. Higher level moral judgments were made for remote dilemmas and for those with same sex story models.
Questions as Interventions in Therapeutic Conversation

The focus of this paper is the use of questions as interventions in therapeutic conversation. A detailed case analysis illustrates how in-session questioning promotes change, the strate-gizing role of therapist in formulating questions, and the usefulness of questions in promoting a collaborative atmosphere in therapy.
A phenomenological model of solar flares

The energy of solar flares is derived from the magnetic energy of fields convected to the sun's surface and subsequently converted to heat and energetic particles within the chromosphere. The circumstances of this conversion in most current models is magnetic flux annihilation at a neutral sheet. An analysis is conducted of the constraints of flux annihilation. It is shown that the present evidence of solar cosmic rays, X-rays, gamma-rays, and total energy suggests a choice of annihilation not at a neutral point, but by an enhanced dissipation of a field-aligned current. The field configuration is related both to its origin and to the extensive theory and laboratory experiments concerned with this configuration in magnetic fusion. The magnetic field model is applied to the August 4 flare. It is shown how the plasma heating in the annihilation region balanced by thermal conduction leads to a plasma temperature of about 20 million deg K.
DIFFERENTIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SPLEEN CELLS FROM C3H/HeN (H‐2k) AND C3HfB/HeN (H‐2kv1) MOUSE STRAINS TO CYTOTOXICITY BY MONOCLONAL ANTI‐Kk ANTIBODY (CLONE 11‐4)

SUMMARY Spleen cells from C3HfB/HeN mice (H-2kv1) were markedly less susceptible to lysis by monoclonal anti-Kk antibody (Clone 11-4) than spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice (H-2k). Less than 50% of C3HfB/HeN cells were lysed even at the highest antibody concentration tested compared to 70% of C3H/HeN cells. The difference in end point titre of the antibody tested on cells from the two strains was 5-10-fold. Similar differences were not observed using the conventional H-2Kk-typing antiserum (D-23).
Constructive controllability of one and two spin 1/2 particles

We consider the problem of steering control for the systems of one spin 1/2 particle and two interacting spin 1/2 particles in an electromagnetic field. The describing models are bilinear systems whose state varies on the Lie group of special unitary matrices of dimensions two and four, respectively. For both systems, we describe their controllability properties and provide constructive control algorithms. The algorithms based on optimal control theory consider the time of transfer as cost functional. Explicit expressions are derived for the time optimal controls. The algorithms based on Lie group decompositions improve over previously presented algorithms in that they allow an explicit analytic calculation of the parameters involved which does not require any numerics.
Real-time PCR for detection of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona type kennewicki in equine clinical specimens

commonly expressed in both strains. Surprisingly, those genes demonstrated a positive correlation (r21⁄40.81; p < 0.05), indicating the involvement of gene silencing (switching off) mechanisms to attenuate virulence of the pathogenic strain through cell passages. The results were validated by RT-qPCR using a set of 10 selected genes. This study is the first report characterizing the transcriptional profile of L. intracellularis. Specific properties of genes expressed at high levels in both or exclusively in the pathogenic strain may now be studied in order to: (i) understand the pathogenesis of PE; (ii) develop new diagnostic tools and (iii) develop recombinant vaccines. We believe the results support our hypothesis and open a new research field for studying target genes involved in the pathogenesis of PE. Figure 1. Schematic representation of the L. intracellularis genomes showing the distribution of genes expressed by the pathogenic (black circles) and the non-pathogenic (gray circles) variants. Overlapping zones represent genes expressed in both variants.
The Columbian Restriction Gene, Co, and Early Growth Rate in the Domestic Fowl

Abstract Studies were conducted on the effects of the Columbian restriction gene, Co, on early growth rate in the domestic fowl. There were no statistically significant effects of the Co gene on body weights at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. The importance of these findings is discussed in relationship to the desired presence of the Co gene to enhance sex identification in sex-linked crosses utilizing the silver (S) and gold (s+) alleles.
U.S. government procurement of open systems products and services

Abstract The U.S. Government has helped with the development of open systems for the past eight years, with the expectation of its wide-spread use. Open systems now stand on the threshold of products and use. As a leader in this phase of its development, the government has prepared a procurement standard for the purchase of OSI products and services. This paper describes this procurement document.
Dietary Fluoride Intake of 15-19-year-old Male Adults Residing in the United States

The average daily dietary fluoride intakes of 15-to-19-year-old males were estimated from the analysis of 24 FDA "market basket" food collections made from 1975 to 1982. The data indicate that 15-to-19-year-old males residing in fluoridated (greater than 0.7 ppm) cities had an average daily dietary fluoride intake of 1.85 mg/day when the diet provided an estimated caloric intake of 11.72 megajoules (2800 calories). In non-fluoridated cities, with less than 0.3 ppm in the drinking water, the average dietary fluoride intake was 0.86 mg/day. The beverages and drinking water contributed an average of 75 +/- 2% of the daily dietary fluoride intake.
Low-frequency, submicrogauss fibre-optic magnetometer

We demonstrate a minimum detectable field of 0.2×10-6 gauss (RMS)/?(Hz) at 10 Hz which increases to 2×10-6gauss (RMS)/?(Hz) at 0.1 Hz in a fibre-optic magnetometer. Factors which limit the sensitivity of the device are discussed.
Varieties of Political-religious Experiences

In this article, I consider the intersection of and interplay between the religious and political experience and conversion. More particularly, I identify and describe five types of political-religious experiences, which are represented in the lives of five public figures.
Reactant-Probe Method for Estimating Active Site Number in Catalysts

The number of surface sites on catalysts can be measured by well-established chemisorption techniques employing small molecules or by a reactant-probe method utilizing the actual reacting species in a catalytic reaction. The latter approach gives the advantage of directly titrating the actual reactive sites on the surface and has been demonstrated in a number of systems. An example is given for the case of manganese oxide supported on SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2, which are good catalysts for the decomposition of ozone. Reasonable correspondence is found between oxygen chemisorption and temperature-programmed desorption of adsorbed ozone species, but the latter is better able to account for dual sites found on the ZrO2 support.
Introduction: deafness, the silent handicap

(1983). Introduction: deafness, the silent handicap. International Rehabilitation Medicine: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 56-57.
The measurement of inequality by components of income

Abstract Cowell (1977) considered the inequality by components of income (wages, property income, welfare, etc.). This note shows that this measurement problem can be elegantly handled in terms of informational inequality measures.
Environmental Controls on the Activity of Aquifer Microbial Communities in the 300 Area of the Hanford Site

Aquifer microbes in the 300 Area of the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State, USA, are located in an oligotrophic environment and are periodically exposed to U(VI) concentrations that can range up to 10 μM in small sediment fractures. Assays of 3H-leucine incorporation indicated that both sediment-associated and planktonic microbes were metabolically active, and that organic C was growth-limiting in the sediments. Although bacteria suspended in native groundwater retained high activity when exposed to 100 μM U(VI), they were inhibited by U(VI) <1 μM in synthetic groundwater that lacked added bicarbonate. Chemical speciation modeling suggested that positively charged species and particularly (UO2)3(OH)5+ rose in concentration as more U(VI) was added to synthetic groundwater, but that carbonate complexes dominated U(VI) speciation in natural groundwater. U toxicity was relieved when increasing amounts of bicarbonate were added to synthetic groundwater containing 4.5 μM U(VI). Pertechnetate, an oxyanion that is another contaminant of concern at the Hanford Site, was not toxic to groundwater microbes at concentrations up to 125 μM.
Q factor and resonance amplitude of Josephson tunnel junctions

The surface impedance of the superconducting films comprising the electrodes of Josephson tunnel junctions has been derived from the BCS theory in the extreme London limit. Expressions have been obtained for (i) the dependence of the penetration depth $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ on frequency and temperature, and (ii) the quality factor $Q$ of the junction cavity, attributable to surface absorption in the electrodes. The effect of thin electrodes ($t\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\lambda}$) is also included in the calculations. Comparison of the calculated frequency dependence of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ with resonance measurements on Pb-alloy and all-Nb tunnel junctions yields quite good agreement indicating that the assumptions made in the theory are reasonable. Measurements of the (current) amplitude of the resonance peaks of the junctions have been compared with the values obtained from inclusion of the calculated $Q$ in the theory by Kulik. In common with observations on microwave cavities by other workers, we find that a small residual conductivity must be added to the real part of the BCS value. With its inclusion, good agreement is found between calculation and experiment, within the range determined by the simplifying assumptions of Kulik's theory. From the results, we believe the calculation of $Q$ to be reasonably accurate for the materials investigated. It is shown that the resonance amplitude of Josephson junctions can be calculated direct from the material constants and a knowledge of the residual conductivity.
Predictions of ECS and SSC models for flux-limited samples of γ-ray blazars☆

Abstract The external Compton scattering (ECS) and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models make distinct predictions for the amount of Doppler boosting of high-energy γ-rays emitted by blazars. We examine how these differences affect the predicted properties of AGN samples selected on the basis of γ-ray emission. We create simulated flux-limited samples based on the ECS and SSC models, and compare their properties to those of identified EGRET blazars. We find that for small γ-ray-selected samples, the two models make very similar predictions, and cannot be reliably distinguished. This is primarily due to the fact that not only the Doppler factor, but also the cosmological distance and intrinsic luminosity play a role in determining whether an AGN is included in a flux-limited γ-ray sample.
Solution-liquid-solid (SLS) growth of ZnSe-ZnTe quantum wires having axial heterojunctions.

Heterostructured ZnSe−ZnTe quantum wires are grown by the solution−liquid−solid (SLS) mechanism. The nature of the axial or radial heterostructure obtained is strongly influenced by the growth sequence and related synthetic conditions. Compositionally graded ZnSexTe1-x wires, ZnSe−ZnTe axial heterostructures containing a ZnSexTe1-x transitional segment, ZnSe−ZnTe wires with sharp axial heterojunctions, and radial core−shell ZnSe−ZnTe quantum wires have been selectively prepared. The axial and radial quantum-wire heterostructures are characterized microscopically and spectroscopically.
Magnetoelastic mechanism of spin-reorientation transitions at step-edges.

The symmetry-induced magnetic anisotropy due to monoatomic steps at strained Ni films is determined using results of first - principles relativistic full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) calculations and an analogy with the Neel model. We show that there is a magnetoelastic anisotropy contribution to the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy in the vicinal plane of a stepped surface. In addition to the known spin-direction re- orientation transition at a flat Ni/Cu(001) surface, we propose a spin-direction reorientation transition in the vicinal plane for a stepped Ni/Cu surface due to the magnetoelastic anisotropy. We show that with an increase of Ni film thickness, the magnetization in the vicinal plane turns perpendicular to the step edge at a critical thickness calculated to be in the range of 16-24 Ni layers for the Ni/Cu(1,1,13) stepped surface.
Visualization of the Coronary Sinus in Cineangiocardiography

Reflux opacification of the coronary sinus was observed in 25 of 100 cases examined by cineangiocardiography. Of the 25 coronary sinus "positive" cases, 88 per cent were found to have cardiovascular lesions which are regularly associated with severe hypertension of the right heart chambers. The x-ray anatomy of the opacified sinus in different projections, and the movements by which it can be identified on x-ray motion picture films, are described in detail. The meaning of the reflux is discussed in relation to the diagnostic findings.
Cognitive Function Is Associated With the Development of Mobility Impairments in Community-Dwelling Elders

Objective To examine the association of cognitive function with the risk of incident mobility impairments and the rate of declining mobility in older adults. Design Prospective, observational cohort study. Setting Retirement communities across metropolitan Chicago. Participants A total of 1,154 ambulatory elders from two longitudinal studies without baseline clinical dementia or history of stroke or Parkinson disease. Measurements All participants underwent baseline cognitive testing and annual mobility examinations. Mobility impairments were based on annual timed walking performance. A composite mobility measure, which summarized gait and balance measures, was used to examine the annual rate of mobility change. Results During follow-up of 4.5 years, 423 of 836 (50.6%) participants developed impaired mobility. In a proportional hazards model controlled for age, sex, education, and race, each 1-unit higher level of baseline global cognition was associated with a reduction to about half in the risk of mobility impairments (hazard ratio=0.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.40–0.66) and was similar to a participant being about 13 years younger at baseline. These results did not vary by sex or race and were unchanged in analyses controlling for body mass index, physical activity, vascular diseases, and risk factors. The level of cognition in five different cognitive abilities was also related to incident mobility impairment. Cognition showed similar associations with incident loss of the ability to ambulate. Linear mixed-effects models showed that global cognition at baseline was associated with the rate of declining mobility. Conclusions Among ambulatory elders, cognition is associated with incident mobility impairment and mobility decline.
The Testing of Laws: Prediction and Control

According to the logic of scientific investigation, observation leads to induction and hypothesis. The hypothesis is then tested in two ways: by correspondence with the relevant data by means of experiment, and by consistency with the existing systems in the science by means of mathematics. In the second of these two tests, the hypothesis is called a theory. It is next ready for the third and last test, which is by means of the prediction and control of phenomena. In this last test it is called a law. In other words, we have said that an hypothesis is a proposition suspected of being true but for which there is as yet no support beyond observation; and that a theory is an hypothesis which has received a measure of experimental confirmation. Now we shall assert that a law is a theory which has received mathematical confirmation. One of the great values of laws at this stage in the proceedings is that they point to further observational tests.
PATTERNS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER INITIALLY MANAGED WITH SURVEILLANCE: RESULTS FROM THE CaPSURE DATABASE

Purpose: We determined the demographic and clinical profile of men who elect surveillance as the initial management of prostate cancer as well as the incidence and predictors of secondary treatment of these patients.Materials and Methods: The Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urological Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) is a national disease registry of patients with various stages and treatments of prostate cancer. Using this database of 4,458 men we identified 329 (8.2%) who elected surveillance as the initial management of prostate cancer. Patients choosing watchful waiting were compared to other CaPSURE participants using the chi-square test. The likelihood of treatment initiation in the watchful waiting group was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. After adjusting for patient age, race, prostate specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, clinical T stage and total Gleason score the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine significant predictors of treatment initiation.Results: Compare...
Identifying differentially regulated genes

Microarray experiments often measure expressions of genes taken from sample tissues in the presence of external perturbations such as medication, radiation, or disease. Typically in such experiments, gene expressions are measured before and after the application of external perturbation. In this paper, we focus on an important class of such microarray experiments that inherently have two groups of tissue samples. The external perturbation can change the expressions of some genes directly or indirectly through gene interaction network. When such different groups exist, the expressions of genes after the perturbation can be different between the two groups. It is not only important to identify the genes that respond differently across the two groups, but also to mine the reason behind this differential response. In this paper, we aim to identify the cause of this differential behavior of genes, whether because of the perturbation or due to interactions with other genes in two group perturbation experiments. We propose a new probabilistic Bayesian method with Markov Random Field to find such genes. Our method incorporates information about relationship from gene networks as prior information. Experimental results on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method compared to existing techniques.