cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANCIENT MAYA SETTLEMENT, INTERACTION SPHERES, AND GEOPOLITICS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO

This paper presents the results of investigations at the ancient Maya site of Margarita in south-central Quintana Roo, Mexico, and relates them to documented patterns at neighboring centers. Following initial settlement of the region in the Middle Preclassic, settlement hierarchies topped by large centers with monumental architecture, carved monuments, and associations with sites to the south emerged in the Late Preclassic to Early Classic periods. In the Late Classic, several primary centers declined and there was a proliferation of affluent urban populations—evidenced by construction of elaborate residential groups—at smaller centers like Margarita. Long-distance cultural affiliations shifted as well, with ceramic and architectural links to western and northern Yucatan becoming pronounced. Many settlements were abandoned in the Terminal Classic, but there is also evidence of the formation of “post-collapse” communities at Margarita and other neighboring sites during the same period.
“In the centre of a circle”: Olive Moore’s Spleen and Gestational Immigration

ABSTRACTIn Olive Moore’s 1930 novel Spleen, the experience of exile and immigration cannot be separated from the modernist narrative of pregnancy and childbirth. The novel pivots on the binary idea...
Reliable deception cues training in an interactive video game

Abstract Well-designed video games can teach people to decrease their reliance on heuristics and biases, especially in deception detection, where people might be resistant to training or unaware that training is needed. We created the serious game VERITAS in which users ask questions of pre-recorded actors and attempt to determine the veracity of the answers supplied. The efficacy of the game was tested in two different experiments with college student players. We hypothesized that reducing reactance and enhancing self-affirmation of players would mitigate the resistance to training about bias relevant to a deception detection context. We found that compared to a traditional lecture, VERITAS players were more engaged and motivated by the training and outperformed the traditional lecture in training participants about their knowledge of deception cues, and to identify truthful statements but not deceptive ones. The players of VERITAS also showed improvement from the first to the second scenario in the game. These results reveal that perhaps truth and deception detection are separate skills which require different types of training.
Interactions With an Autistic Child

ABSTRACT This study examines and compares the interactions of a severely autistic child with four people: his teacher, mother, brother and a stranger to him. Analyses are made of interaction routines, features of verbal turn-taking, types of breakdowns in interaction sequences, and kinds of repair work following the breakdowns. All four interactants constructed activities and verbal action routines which they used to keep the interaction going. The amount of work needed to keep the interaction going was considerable, thereby accounting for why autistic children are deemed socially withdrawn and noninteractive.
Landscape as Method and Medium for the Ecological Design of Cities

“Landscape” refers both to a conceptual field that examines how humans affect geographic space and to real places, and the word has both analytical and experiential implications. Pairing the analytical and the experiential enables landscape to be a catalyst for synthesis in science and for insight in urban ecological design. Emphasizing that science is fundamental to ecological design, this essay broadly interprets urban ecological design to include intentional change of landscapes in cities, their megaregions, and resource hinterlands. The essay offers two laws and two related principles for employing landscape as a medium and a method for urban ecological design. The laws observe that landscapes integrate environmental processes and that landscapes are visible. Two related principles explain how these inherent characteristics can be used to effect sustainability by using landscape as a medium for synthesis and in a method that invites creative invention.
More than One Cent for Tribute

This is a book review of Fred S. McChesney, Money for Nothing: Politicians, Rent Extraction & Political Extortion (Harvard University Press 1997).
Reaction of Rb and oxygen overlayers with single-crystalline Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ delta superconductors.

Single crystals of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ca}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ superconductors, in situ cleaved and modified by Rb and oxygen overlayers, have been studied using ultraviolet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The core-level results show that Rb strongly reacts with the Bi and O states, while the Cu and Sr states are left unchanged. This observation strongly indicates that the Bi-O plane forms the surface layer. Subsequent exposure to oxygen results in new oxygen states at the surface as monitored by the O $1s$ core-level data. For both Rb and oxygen overlayers the valence-band spectra are severely altered. In particular, new valence-band states, presumably of oxygen character, are formed.
Spin Coating: Art and Science

Spin coating is one of the simplest methods for depositing solution-derived thin films onto flat substrates of moderate size. This process is used for the deposition of photoresists, antireflection coatings, dielectric layers, and passivating layers (like spin-on-glass) during the fabrication of integrated circuitry. And, it is one of the key methods for depositing CSD ferroelectric coatings. As the trend toward smaller devices continues, the uniformity of these thin films is increasingly important in achieving optimum device performance. While the process is conceptually quite simple, there are cases where the characteristics of the coating solution may be perturbed by the flow and evaporation processes that are inherent to this process, sometimes causing process-related defects in the final coating. Therefore, the first part of this chapter is aimed at presenting the basic operation of the spin coating process and the connection to basic fluid flow physics. Later parts of this chapter are used to examine some of the cases where coating solution properties can lead to defects and/or thickness variations. In most cases we desire completely flat and uniform coatings, however there may be some situations where texturing is required at the micro and nano scale.
Enteroviruses in the Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes

Findings of pancreatitis in mice after infection with the human enteroviruses coxsackievirus B (CVB) suggested a relationship to the onset of type 1 diabetes (Coleman et al. 1973), a correlation that had been suggested by studies that had variably found a serologic relationship of CVB4 to recent onset diabetic patients (Gamble et al. 1969). Although other enteroviruses may well be involved in induction of pancreatitis and type 1 diabetes (Tracy et al. 2010), the ability of CVBs to use the murine homolog of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor CAR (Bergelson et al. 1997; Carson et al. 1997; Tomko et al. 1997; Bergelson et al. 1998) makes CVB-induced murine pancreatitis and diabetes a model for the human disease.
Pressure-gradient tailoring effects on the turbulent flame-vortex dynamics of bluff-body premixed flames

Abstract This paper explores the effects of pressure-gradient tailoring on the turbulent flame and vorticity generation mechanisms of premixed flames. A turbulent premixed flame stabilized by a bluff-body in a high-speed combustor is used for the investigation. The combustor pressure gradient is altered using a variable-geometry test section. The turbulent flame-flow field is measured and characterized using simultaneous high-speed particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) and CH* chemiluminescence. A Lagrangian tracking technique is applied to analyze the details of the flame-vortex interactions from the experimental data. Lagrangian fluid elements are tracked as they evolve across the flame. The vorticity mechanisms are decomposed along the Lagrangian trajectories to determine their relative balance under various pressure gradient conditions. It is demonstrated that the induced pressure-gradient affects the relative magnitudes of combustion-generated dilatation and baroclinic torque, as well as the vortex stretching. An increase in the magnitudes of the vorticity mechanisms is shown with the largest gain in baroclinicity for the augmented pressure gradient relative to the attenuated.
The problem of parallax when using high speed cameras for measurement

When using a high-speed camera as a recording device to measure the displacement or position of an object, the problem of parallax must be properly accounted for, or significant errors in measured positions can occur. In this paper, an experiment to measure the elastic properties of several golf balls of varying construction is described. The goal of the experiment was to verify whether a correlation exists between a ball’s coefficient-of-restitution (COR) and the frequency of its lowest structural vibration mode. Balls were dropped from a height onto a rigid surface and the COR was obtained by taking the ratio of speeds just before and just after impact with the rigid surface. Balls were dropped and bounced in front of a scale with fine graduation markings. Video recorded with a high-speed camera was processed using tracking software to measure the ball’s position and velocity as a function of time. However, parallax due to the camera field of view introduced significant error into measurement of positio...
Genome-wide association analyses identify 139 loci associated with macular thickness in the UK Biobank cohort

The macula, located near the center of the retina in the human eye, is responsible for providing critical functions, such as central, sharp vision. Structural changes in the macula are associated with many ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma. Although macular thickness is a highly heritable trait, there are no prior reported genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of it. Here we describe the first GWAS of macular thickness, which was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using 68 423 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. We identified 139 genetic loci associated with macular thickness at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). The most significant loci were LINC00461 (P = 5.1 × 10-120), TSPAN10 (P = 1.2 × 10-118), RDH5 (P = 9.2 × 10-105) and SLC6A20 (P = 1.4 × 10-71). Results from gene expression demonstrated that these genes are highly expressed in the retina. Other hits included many previously reported AMD genes, such as NPLOC4 (P = 1.7 × 10-103), RAD51B (P = 9.1 × 10-14) and SLC16A8 (P = 1.7 × 10-8), further providing functional significance of the identified loci. Through cross-phenotype analysis, these genetic loci also exhibited pleiotropic effects with myopia, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease), cancer (e.g. breast, ovarian and lung cancers) and metabolic traits (e.g. body mass index, waist circumference and type 2 diabetes). Our findings provide the first insight into the genetic architecture of macular thickness and may further elucidate the pathogenesis of related ocular diseases, such as AMD.
Caveolae, caveolin-1 and lung diseases of aging

INTRODUCTION Flask-shaped plasma membrane (PM) invaginations called caveolae and their constitutive caveolin and cavin proteins regulate cellular function via plasma membrane and intracellular signal transduction pathways. Caveolae are present in a variety of cells in the lung including airway smooth muscle (ASM) where they interact with other proteins, receptors, and ion channels and thereby have the potential to affect both normal and disease processes such as inflammation, contractility, and fibrosis. Given their involvement in cell signaling, caveolae may play important roles in mediating and modulating aging processes, and contribute to lung diseases of aging. Areas covered: This review provides a broad overview of the current state of knowledge regarding caveolae and their constituent proteins in lung diseases in the elderly and identifies potential mechanisms that can be targeted for future therapies. Expert Commentary: Caveolin-1 may play a protective role in lung disease. What is less clear is whether altered caveolin-1 with aging is a natural process, or a biomarker of disease progression in the elderly.
DIRECT TRANSIENT STABILITY ASSESSMENT USING ENERGY FUNCTIONS: STATUS AND PROSPECTS

Analysis of the transient behavior of the interconnected power network in North America is now required to be performed more frequently and by more people in the inudstry. The need for a tool to offer qualitative and fast transient analyses have become evident. Energy functions have the potential of answering emerging questions in: near term planning (as a screening tool), operations planning (to provide needed answers quickly), and in operations (as a tool for dynamic security assessment). Furthermore, this tool may be suited to deal with questions to which a “yes” or “no” answer is not required; but when qualitative assessment of transient behavior is needed.
Efficient VLSI Architectures for Coupled-Layered Regenerating Codes

To enable the continued scaling of distributed storage, failure recovery schemes that have low latency and low redundancy are indispensable. Minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes have been developed to achieve this goal. Compared to other MSR codes, the recent coupled-layered (Clay) codes have many advantages such as low sub-packetization level, small finite field for construction, and uniform repair bandwidth over data and parities. This brief proposes efficient VLSI architectures for Clay encoder and decoder. Through exploiting subfield elements of finite fields, the logic complexity is substantially lowered. Additionally, the buffer size is reduced by optimizing the coupling scheme. For an example Clay code with $(n,k)=(6,4)$ , the proposed designs achieve 12% and 24% logic complexity reduction on the encoder and decoder, respectively, under the same timing constraint.
Workplace Success Strategies for Employees With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A New Frontier for Human Resource Development:

The increased prevalence of young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) translates into a dire need to find ways to facilitate successful employment opportunities. Employment options are limit...
The unseen and pervasive threat of COVID-19 throughout the US

For each US county, we calculated the probability of an ongoing COVID-19 epidemic that may not yet be apparent. Based on confirmed cases as of April 15, 2020, COVID-19 is likely spreading in 86% of counties containing 97% of US population. Proactive measures before two cases are confirmed are prudent.
Refrigerated shelf-life evaluation of high pressure processed, raw and sous vide cooked lobster

High pressure processing (HPP) and sous vide may increase the shelf-life of high value seafood products without the use of additives. This study investigated the effects of 150MPa or 350MPa for 10m...
Nonlinear Analysis of a Tapered Disk Thermal Fatigue Specimen

Calculations of the stress-strain response of a common tapered disk thermal fatigue specimen are presented. The calculations were made by complete nonlinear finite element solution and by a simpler method employing the elastic strain-invariance principle. The results are used to show the effect of several common test variables on the resulting stress-strain response, to assess the effect of various material behavior and structural analysis assumptions on the stress-strain response, and to explore the application of several high-temperature fatigue damage prediction methods to transient thermal fatigue loading.
Multivisceral Transplant As An Option To Transplant Cirrhotic Patients With Severe Portal Vein Thrombosis

Abstract Non-tumoral portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a critical complication in the patient with advanced cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (LT). With the evolution of liver transplant (LT) technique, PVT has morphed from an absolute contraindication to a relative contraindication, depending on the grade of the thrombus. The Yerdel classification is one system of grading PVT severity. Patients with Yerdel class 1–3 PVT can undergo LT at centers with experience in complex portal vein (PV) dissection, thrombectomy, and reconstruction. Class 4 PVT, however, is even more complex and may require heroic techniques such as cavoportal hemitransposition, PV arterialization or multivisceral transplant (MVT). Some centers use a MVT back-up approach for patients with Yerdel class 4 PVT. In these patients, all organs with PV outflow are procured simultaneously as a cluster graft from a deceased donor (liver, pancreas, intestine±stomach). If physiologic PV inflow is established intraoperatively, the recipient undergoes LT. Otherwise the MVT graft is transplanted. MVT establishes physiologic PV flow, but transplantation of the intestine confers significant lifelong risks including rejection, graft-versus host disease and post-transplant lymphoma. Yerdel class 1–4 PVT patients undergoing successful LT have 5-year survival similar to non-PVT patients, while patients requiring full MVT experience somewhat higher mortality because of the complexity of the surgery and medical management.
Neighborhood Engagement, Dogs, and Life Satisfaction in Older Adulthood:

ObjectivesThis study examined the relationships between dog ownership, dog walking, and the emotional bond with a dog to neighborhood engagement and life satisfaction among those over age 50.Method...
FROM ONLINE ENGAGEMENT TO OFFLINE ACTIONS: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OFCANCER (MIS)INFORMATION ENGAGEMENT AMONG LATINO FACEBOOK USERS

Latinos in the U.S. face a high burden of cancer, making it important to deliver evidence-based cancer prevention and screening information (CPSI) on social media to this group. However, there is a dearth in scholarship exploring how Latinos engage with and act upon cancer (mis)information encountered on social media. Cultural values may influence how Latinos engage with multi-lingual CPSI shared on Facebook. This study sought to understand how and why U.S. Latinos engage with and act upon CPSI on Facebook. During one-on-one, in-depth interviews, participants (n=20) logged onto their Facebook account alongside the researcher, typed “cancer” in the search bar, and discussed CPSI they engaged with during the past 12 months. Engagement prompted questions regarding the reasons for engagement and further action. Computer screen and audio were recorded. Interviews were analyzed thematically; CPSI was analyzed via content analysis. Participants mainly engaged with CPSI by viewing/reading content. Engagement was most common when individuals had personal relationships to the poster, when posts included videos/images, and when information promoted popular Latin American foods. Engagement often led to varying levels of action, both online and offline. Not all decisions were evidence-based, and some were potentially harmful (e.g. canceling mammogram after engaging with misinformation). Findings highlight the complex and interrelated ways in which cultural values, source factors and message factors contribute to engagement with health content on social media, which may lead individuals to bypass evidence-based procedures in favor of unproven approaches. Specific interdisciplinary recommendations to address these issues will be discussed.
Jobs, Housing, and Mask Wearing: Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors for COVID-19.

Background: Many studies have focused on the characteristics of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 and clinical risk factors. This study reports the prevalence of COVID-19 in an asymptomatic population of a hospital service area (HSA) and identifies factors that affect exposure to the virus. Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of COVID-19 in an HSA, identify factors that may increase or decrease the risk of infection, and analyze factors that increase the number of daily contacts. Methods: This study surveyed 1694 patients between April 30 and May 13, 2020, about their work and living situations, income, behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, and prepandemic health characteristics. This data was linked to testing data for 454 of these patients, including polymerase chain reaction test results and two different serologic assays. Positivity rate was used to calculate approximate prevalence, hospitalization rate, and infection fatality rate (IFR). Survey data was used to analyze risk factors, including the number of contacts reported by study participants. The data was also used to identify factors increasing the number of daily contacts, such as mask wearing and living environment. Results: We found a positivity rate of 2.2%, a hospitalization rate of 1.2%, and an adjusted IFR of 0.55%. A higher number of daily contacts with adults and older adults increases the probability of becoming infected. Occupation, living in an apartment versus a house, and wearing a face mask outside work increased the number of daily contacts. Conclusions: Studying prevalence in an asymptomatic population revealed estimates of unreported COVID-19 cases. Occupational, living situation, and behavioral data about COVID-19–protective behaviors such as wearing a mask may aid in the identification of nonclinical factors affecting the number of daily contacts, which may increase SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
Neurexin1⍺ differentially regulates synaptic efficacy within striatal circuits

Mutations in genes essential for synaptic function, such as the presynaptic adhesion molecule Neurexin1α (Nrxn1α), are strongly implicated in neuropsychiatric pathophysiology. As the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, the striatum integrates diverse excitatory projections governing cognitive and motor control, and its impairment may represent a recurrent pathway to disease. Here, we test the functional relevance of Nrxn1α in striatal circuits by employing optogenetic-mediated afferent recruitment of dorsal prefrontal cortical (dPFC) and parafascicular thalamic connections onto dorsomedial striatal (DMS) spiny projection neurons (SPNs). For dPFC-DMS circuits, we find decreased synaptic strength specifically onto indirect pathway SPNs in both Nrxn1α+/- and Nrxn1α-/- mice, driven by reductions in neurotransmitter release. In contrast, thalamic excitatory inputs to DMS exhibit relatively normal excitatory synaptic strength despite changes in synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) content. These findings suggest that dysregulation of Nrxn1α modulates striatal function in an input- and target-specific manner.
A Switchless Quad Band Filter Bank Based on Ferroelectric BST FBARs

An intrinsically switchable ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (Ba( x )Sr(1– x )TiO3, BST)-based film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) quad channel filter bank is presented for the first time. The design incorporates a matching network free of tunable elements and provides a high isolation >30 dB across all four filter paths when the resonators are switched off. The measured insertion loss for the four 2.5 stage BST FBAR filters range from 6 to 7 dB with an out-of-band rejection >30 dB, which is an improvement over previously reported BST ladder-type structure. The filter bank, realized through T-networks, occupies an area of 840 $\mu \text {m} \times 340\,\,\mu \text{m}$ and operates across four different bands solely through the BST-based acoustic resonators.
A framework for understanding gene expression plasticity and its influence on stress tolerance

Phenotypic plasticity can serve as a stepping stone towards adaptation. Recently, studies have shown that gene expression contributes to emergent stress responses such as thermal tolerance, with tolerant and susceptible populations showing distinct transcriptional profiles. However, given the dynamic nature of gene expression, interpreting transcriptomic results in a way that elucidates the functional connection between gene expression and the observed stress response is challenging. Here, we present a conceptual framework to guide interpretation of gene expression reaction norms in the context of stress tolerance. We consider the evolutionary and adaptive potential of gene expression reaction norms and discuss the influence of sampling timing, transcriptomic resilience, as well as complexities related to life history when interpreting gene expression dynamics and how these patterns relate to host tolerance. We highlight corals as a case study to demonstrate the value of this framework for non-model systems. As species face rapidly changing environmental conditions, modulating gene expression can serve as a mechanistic link from genetic and cellular processes to the physiological responses that allow organisms to thrive under novel conditions. Interpreting how or whether a species can employ gene expression plasticity to ensure short-term survival will be critical for understanding the global impacts of climate change across diverse taxa.
Cost-based optimization of steel frame member sizing and connection type using dimension increasing search

This paper describes a novel method to select the optimal member sizes and connection types for steel frame structures to minimize total installed cost. The proposed dimension increasing search (DIS) method addresses geometric constraints associated with connection, safety, and serviceability constraints. Solving this optimization problem requires addressing a non-convex objective function of total installed cost, a large number of constraints, the time-consuming structural analysis for evaluation of the constraints, and intractability resulting from high-dimensional variables. The DIS method involves initial grouping of design variables to reduce the search dimension from the original dimension. Random search coupled with forward checking and branch-and-bound techniques are then employed to optimize the configuration of the steel frame. This approach eliminates designs that are more expensive or do not satisfy geometric constraints without performing structural analysis. The variable groups are then split into subgroups to increase the search dimension, and the increased dimensional design variables are optimized until the original search dimension is achieved. We benchmarked the DIS method against leading methods using three numerical examples with increasing problem scales. The DIS method was more computationally efficient compared to other leading methods by an order of magnitude, and the solutions found by the method have a 9% lower total installed cost on average. The DIS method also showed scalability; the computational time increased only slightly as the problem scale increased. The scalability of the DIS method demonstrates the potential for its successful industrial application to large-scale building projects.
Exploring the heated debate over reopening for economy or continuing lockdown for public health safety concerns about COVID-19 in Twitter

This paper explores US residents' opinion regarding whether to reopen for the economy or to continue lockdown for public health safety concerns, by analysing 1.3 million unique COVID-19-related twe...
Social Responses to Environmental Change

Throughout the world, diverse actors are seeking to identify and implement effective, fair and robust strategies for addressing problems posed by environmental change. This chapter seeks to contribute to these efforts by providing a multifaceted framework for analyzing environmental problems. The framework situates environmental problems in the context of four dynamic and interactive forms of disequilibria evident in the international system: between world views; between rich and poor; between institutions and needs; and between social and ecological systems. The chapter further considers environmental change from an historical perspective. It then presents a repertoire of possible social responses, and concludes that one— innovation—is especially promising today. However, the cumulative impact of the various disequilibria in the international system makes it very difficult to cooperate in designing and implementing effective environmental response strategies. Huge inequalities, for example, contribute to environmental problems that need to be addressed while simultaneously predisposing rich and poor to very different solutions. The chapter concludes that environmental problems must be addressed together with social problems.
Performance Measurement and Interference Profiling in Multi-tenant Clouds

The ongoing rush for cloud-based services by small, medium, and large-scale organizations to reduce operational cost and to have more flexibility in the deployment and management of business applications cannot be overemphasized. However, the performance of in-cloud applications is often quite disappointing and unpredictable. Cloud users often perceive the sub optimal and unpredictable performance as anomalies as it is hard to conduct capacity planning based on such unreliable measurements. Performance interference due to resource sharing has been well studied in literature. Representative work includes the study of shared CPU caches, memory bandwidth, hard disks, network bandwidth, and the fair allocation CPU time. There lacks a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay for shared resource under contention such as CPU. In this research work, we focus on predicting application performance by establishing a mathematical relationship between the high-level performance and the low-level CPU multiplexing. We design a synthetic workload with controllable CPU demands to emulate interference workloads in the cloud. We begin our measurements in a controlled environment to study the impact of CPU allocation on application performance. Based on the results from our experiments, we established the interdependency between CPU steal time, and application performance, and confirms that the percentage of CPU steal time influence application performance, even when workloads of equal parameters were submitted for processing on the same system platform. Our experimental results were evaluated against similar experimental results we performed on Amazon EC2 m3. Medium model instance. We confirmed that the workload runtime duration on Amazon EC2 m3. medium model instance are significantly been impacted by high CPU steal time percentage due to interference from co-tenants. Therefore, the workload runtime slowdown percentage on submitted workloads on Amazon EC2. medium model instance is the hidden cost incurred by Cloud subscribers in term of time lost. Cloud service providers should pay close attention to CPU steal time percentage as part of system optimization efforts on Xen based cloud platform. We present Multi-tenant Performance Measurement and Interference Profiling system, a Xen based multi-tenant cloud environment designed for performance measurement and profiling.
Multi-objective optimization design of permanent magnet drive based on Kriging model

Permanent magnet drive (PMD) design problems are studied and a multi-objective optimization design approach based on Kriging approximate model is put forward, which takes a variety of structural parameters and performance parameters (such as thickness of permanent magnets, air gap, etc.) as design variables and the minimum eddy current loss and maximum out torque as double optimization goals. Firstly initial sampling data is obtained with the orthogonal experiment design and finite element method (FEM); then the approximate model between the structrual parameters and the eddy current loss and out torque are set up with Kriging method; finally the structure parameters of PMD is optimized by using multi-objective particle swarm algorithm(MOPSO). In the finite element simulation experiment, the magnetic braking force and eddy current density distributions before and after the improvement are compared, the results prove that the parameter optimization method is feasible and has realized the optimization of PMD structrual parameters configuration, and improved working efficiency of the system.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Representing General Distributions by Coxians

A common analytical technique involves using a Coxian distribution to model a general distribution G, where the Coxian distribution agrees with G on the first three moments. This technique is motivated by the analytical tractability of the Coxian distribution. Algorithms for mapping an input distribution G to a Coxian distribution largely hinge on knowing a priori the necessary and sufficient number of phases in the representative Coxian distribution. In this paper, we formally characterize the set of distributions G which are well-represented by an n-phase Coxian distribution, in the sense that the Coxian distribution matches the first three moments of G. We also discuss a few common, practical examples.
Correction for Non-Ideal Tracer Pharmacokinetic Disposition by Disposition Decomposition Analysis (DDA)

Purpose. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies assume that the tracer's PK is equivalent to the parent compound. This assumption is often violated. The aim of this work is to present a method enabling the ideal tracer PK, i.e. the PK of the parent compound, to be predicted from the non-ideal tracer.
A New Predictive Theory of Presupposition Projection

This paper will present a new approach 1 to the projection problem for presuppositions with a number of distinctive predictions and theoretical properties. Although the new approach is interesting as an exercise in providing a purely semantic account of presupposition projection that does not make use of dynamic machinery (compare Peters 1977), its primary interest is in the methodological and empirical characteristics that distinguish it from most other theories. 1.1. Overgeneration and Predictive Theories Many theories of presupposition projection, including most in the popular dynamic semantics tradition (exeplified by Heim 1983), encode the projection behavior of a quantifier or connective in its lexical entry. While a dynamic meaning has no separate component that describes a projection property, dynamic theories do overgenerate dynamic meanings in the sense that, from the basic set-theoretic components regularly used to state dynamic meanings, we could build for any classical truth function or quantifier many different dynamic meanings that would agree with the classical function for static, bivalent, but would produce vastly different patterns of projection behavior. This overgeneration is a form of predictive and explanatory weakness, and it fails to account for the apparent non-arbitrariness of pairings between normal truth-conditional content and projection behavior. 2
Calculus of Residues

One of the most powerful tools made available by complex analysis is the theory of residues, which makes possible the routine evaluation of certain definite integrals that are impossible to calculate otherwise. The derivation, application, and analysis of this tool constitute the main focus of this chapter. In the preceding chapter we saw examples in which integrals were related to expansion coefficients of Laurent series. Here we will develop a systematic way of evaluating both real and complex integrals.
Role of reproductive surgeons and the Society of Reproductive Surgeons.

The Society of Reproductive Surgeons (SRS) was founded in 1984 to serve as a forum for those members of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) with special interest and competency in reproductive surgery. The potential value of the reproductive surgeon has been highlighted by the fact that infertility due to pelvic factors in the female, including tubal disease or significant endometriosis, and surgically correctable factors in the male are present in 20% to 40% of couples (1, 2). However, since its inception, the role of the reproductive surgeon, and consequently that of the SRS, has been questioned. In the minds of many practitioners, the value of reproductive surgery has become dubious and ill defined in a world increasingly turning toward IVF for the treatment of these patients. And in fact, as acknowledged in a recent article in the SRS newsletter (3), IVF should be the preferred technique for the treatment for most women with significant tubal damage. Are we reproductive surgeons, and the SRS, then obsolete?
Medical lessons learned from Chernobyl relative to nuclear detonations and failed nuclear reactors

The Chernobyl disaster in 1986 involved the largest airborne release of radioactivity in history, more than 100 times as much radioactivity as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs together. The resulting emergency response, administrative blunders, and subsequent patient outcomes from this large-scale radiological disaster provide a wealth of information and valuable lessons for those who may find themselves having to deal with the staggering consequences of nuclear war. Research findings, administrative strategies (successful and otherwise), and resulting clinical procedures from the Chernobyl experience are reviewed to determine a current utility in addressing the appropriate protocols for a medical response to nuclear war. As various myths are still widely associated with radiation exposure, attention is given to the realities of a mass casualty medical response as it would occur with a nuclear detonation. Language: en
Causes and consequences of aneuploidy in cancer

Genetic instability, which includes both numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities, is a hallmark of cancer. Whereas the structural chromosome rearrangements have received substantial attention, the role of whole-chromosome aneuploidy in cancer is much less well-understood. Here we review recent progress in understanding the roles of whole-chromosome aneuploidy in cancer, including the mechanistic causes of aneuploidy, the cellular responses to chromosome gains or losses and how cells might adapt to tolerate these usually detrimental alterations. We also explore the role of aneuploidy in cellular transformation and discuss the possibility of developing aneuploidy-specific therapies.
The microstructure of fossil teeth.

The microstructures of a number of fossil teeth have been examined by optical and electron microscopy and with the electron probe. Well preserved specimens show the same microstructural details as fresh teeth with no evidence of changes in their crystallites of apatite even after millions of years. Objects which appear to be fossil bacteria are described from one of the teeth.
Mark IIIfp hypercube concurrent processor architecture

The Mark lllfp Hypercube is a new generation of hypercube concurrent processor system developed at JPL/Caltech, with peak performance of 5 Mips, 14 Mflops per node, and a peak communication rate of 6 Mbytes per second. Each node utilizes two Motorola MC68020 microprocessors, an MC68882 scalar floating- point coprocessor, and a Weitek 8000 floating-point chip set. One of the MC68020 processors serves as the application and computational processor, the other is dedicated to communication. The three processors are interconnected through a common system bus and share 4 Mbytes of dynamic memory. Each processor has his own fast local memory, which increases parallelism, minimizes shared memory referencing, reduces memory contentions and improves system performance.
IAMOT and Education: Defining a Technology and Innovation Management (TIM) Body-of-Knowledge (BoK) for graduate education (TIM BoK)

Abstract Whether it is called Management of Technology and Innovation (MOTI), Management of Technology (MOT), Engineering Technology Management (ETM) or Technology and Innovation Management (TIM), the TIM field is rapidly growing and diverse. This diversity is built upon disparate university locations of TIM programs; TIM’s emerging nature, its wide appeal as well as unique researcher and practitioner viewpoints. This has created a plethora of education materials, benchmark programs and pedagogical thought. Yet the field is growing so rapidly that no single source has yet been established which clearly identifies which topics and educational materials represents its basic Body of Knowledge (BoK). If this is so, then there is cause for concern. We review TIM pedagogy studies, TIM research, and the economic realities that initiated and continue to demand TIM education for managers. We leverage the five-year body of knowledge development activities of the International Association for the Management of Technology (IAMOT) education committee. We then develop a TIM BoK topic list and survey stakeholders that include: academics, industrial professionals and government policy makers. We found that there is a need for and convergence on a comprehensive TIM BoK source. The result is a TIM BoK source document that can be utilized to improve and monitor TIM educational programs around the world.
Error analysis of a system for measuring three-dimensional joint motion.

In the past ten years there has been increased use of six-degree-of -freedom in­ strumented spatial linkages for the measurement of biological joint motions. In spite of the increased popularity, little information has been reported on the ac­ curacy of these devices. In this paper, we present a two-part investigation of the accuracy of the instrumented spatial linkage when used to measure knee joint kinematics. In the first part, we present the results of a theoretical analysis and an experimental determination of the errors associated with spatial linkage systems. In the second part, we describe the errors associated with a bi-planar X-ray system used to obtain the coordinate transformation between the linkage ends and coor­ dinate systems located in the bones comprising the joint. We found that the theoretical error analysis consistently overestimated the actual measurement error, thus providing an unreliable estimate of errors. The experimental study of both the linkage system and the bi-planar X-ray system demonstrated that the accuracy of displacement measurement is insensitive to large systematic errors in position measurement.
Solidification/stabilization of a synthetic electroplating waste in lime-fly ash binder

Abstract A synthetic electroplating sludge was solidified in a binder which was a mixture of lime and Class C fly ash (LFA). The sludge contained 86.2, 84.1, 18.8 and 0.137 mg/g of nickel, chromium, cadmium, and mercury, respectively. The binder contained lime and Class C fly ash in the ratio 3:5, and the waste to binder ratio was 1.0:0.8. The microstructure and microchemistry of the solidified samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis, and x-ray diffractometry. The sludge was composed of impure, complex species of the heavy metals. The microstructure and phase composition of LFA were not affected by sludge. The sludge/LFA mixtures were simple mechanical mixtures of the binder and sludge. The heavy metals existed as large particles embedded in the binder, and uniformly mixed in the matrix at low concentrations, and with particle sizes smaller than those resolvable by the microscope under the conditions dictated by the specimen type and form. Fly ash spheres acted as sites of adsorption for the heavy metals.
The Organizational Social Context of Mental Health Medicaid Waiver Programs with Family Support Services: Implications for Research and Practice

Peer family support specialists (FSS) are parents with practical experience in navigating children’s mental health care systems who provide support, advocacy, and guidance to the families of children who need mental health services. Their experience and training differ from those of formally trained mental health clinicians, creating potential conflicts in priorities and values between FSS and clinicians. We hypothesized that these differences could negatively affect the organizational cultures and climates of mental health clinics that employ both FSS and mental health clinicians, and lower the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of FSS. The Organizational Social Context measure was administered on site to 209 FSS and clinicians in 21 mental health programs in New York State. The study compared the organizational-level culture and climate profiles of mental health clinics that employ both FSS and formally trained clinicians to national norms for child mental health clinics, assessed individual-level job satisfaction and organizational commitment as a function of job (FSS vs. clinician) and other individual-level and organizational-level characteristics, and tested whether FSS and clinicians job attitudes were differentially associated with organizational culture and climate. The programs organizational culture and climate profiles were not significantly different from national norms. Individual-level job satisfaction and organizational commitment were unrelated to position (FSS vs. clinician) or other individual-level and organizational-level characteristics except for culture and climate. Both FSS’ and clinicians’ individual-level work attitudes were associated similarly with organizational culture and climate.
Molluscan internal defense mechanism: The fate of C14-labelled bacteria in the land snailHelix pomatia (L.)

C14-labelled bacteria,Serratia marcescens, were injected into the hemocoel ofHelix pomatia, and the distributions of bacteria and their breakdown products were followed by killing snails and measuring the C14 levels in the various tissues of the body. During rapid clearance from the hemolymph the bacteria accumulate in all tissues which have a rich hemolymph supply, but the digestive gland appears to be the most important organ in clearance (Figs. 1, 2, 3). Over the 15-day period studied, the bacterial C14 is mostly retained within the snail, becoming more evenly distributed throughout the tissues. Fecal C14 remains at a low level. These data are interpreted as indicating that a large proportion of bacterial C14, or its breakdown products, is incorporated into the snail tissues.
LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF ACHIEVEMENT GROWTH USING LATENT VARIABLE MODELING

This article gives a pedagogical description of growth modeling of longitudinal data using latent variable methods. The growth modeling is described using an example of mathematics achievement developing over grades 7 to 10 in two cohorts of students. The article describes the basic idea behind growth modeling of individual differences in growth over time and applies it to mathematics achievement development as a function of background variables such as gender, mother's education, and home resources. The modeling ideas are described in words, diagrams, and formulas. The discussion covers modeling that assesses the form of the growth, the influence of background variables on the growth, multiple-cohort analysis, analysis with missing data, and multiple-group analysis of males and females. A corresponding set of analYses are performed on the mathematics data to illustrate the modeling ideas.
Enhanced saline intake and decreased heart rate after area postrema ablations in rat

The area postrema (AP) is a circumventricular organ located in the dorsal medulla. Previous studies found that AP lesions lead to increased saline ingestion in the rat. The salt appetite was thought to be a result of primary disruptions in sodium regulation or in cardiovascular regulation. To assess this we measured food and fluid intakes, urinary electrolyte and aldosterone concentration, and blood pressure and heart rates in AP lesioned and control animals during a period of normal sodium intake and during a period of excessive sodium intake. Rats with AP lesions exhibited sodium appetite but not natriuresis. In fact, sodium intake greatly exceeded output. Their urinary aldosterone levels were similar to those of control animals during both periods. The lesioned rats also had lowered heart rates, yet, their blood pressures were similar to control animals. These results are discussed with reference to a possible role of the AP in satiety and in maintaining homeostasis.