cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone treatment of virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia: the ability to achieve normal growth.

Objective To assess whether treatment of virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with long-acting glucocorticoids is associated with favorable growth outcomes. Method We examined the long-term growth of 17 boys and 9 girls with CAH treated with dexamethasone (.27 +/-.01 mg/m(2)/day). Results For individuals with comparable bone age (BA) and chronological age (CA) at the onset of dexamethasone therapy, males were 2.8 +/-.8 years (mean +/- standard error of the mean; n = 13) and females were 2.4 +/- 1.0 years (n = 6). Males were treated for 7.3 +/- 1.1 years (DeltaCA) over which time the change in BA (DeltaBA) was 7.0 +/- 1.3 years, and the change in height age (DeltaHA) was 6.9 +/- 1.1 years. Females were treated for 6.8 +/- 1.3 years, over which time the DeltaBA was 6.5 +/- 1.0 years, and the DeltaHA was 6.3 +/-.8 years. During treatment 17 ketosteroid excretion rates were normal for age and 17-hydroxyprogesterone values were 69.6 +/- 18 ng/dL. Testicular enlargement was first detected at 10.7 +/-.8 years and breast tissue at 9.9 +/- 1.2 years. Three boys and 1 girl had final heights of 171. 8 +/- 6 cm and 161 cm, respectively, compared with midparental heights of 176.1 +/- 4.1 cm and 160 cm. Predicted adult heights for 6 other boys and 5 girls were 176.8 +/- 2.0 cm and 161.4 +/- 2.8 cm, respectively, compared with midparental heights of 174.6 +/- 1.4 cm and 158.2 +/- 2.0 cm. Statural outcomes were less favorable for 7 children started on dexamethasone when BAs were considerably advanced, although height predictions increased during therapy. Conclusions These observations show that children treated with dexamethasone for CAH can achieve normal growth with the convenience of once-a-day dosing in most cases.congenital adrenal hyperplasia, dexamethasone, growth.
On the relationship of periodic wavetrains and solitary waves of complex Ginzburg-Landau type equations

Abstract The relationship between periodic wavetrains and solitary waves in complex Ginzburg-Landau type equations, such as those that model optical fiber amplifiers, is studied in the nonlinear Schrodinger limit with a Melnikov method. An important example, the cubic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, is studied in detail. For this equation it is found that in the NLS limit particular families of periodic wavetrains all deform asymptotically to a single, persisting, stationary, nonlinear Schrodinger soliton as their periods tend to infinity.
Large scale query log analysis of re-finding

Although Web search engines are targeted towards helping people find new information, people regularly use them to re-find Web pages they have seen before. Researchers have noted the existence of this phenomenon, but relatively little is understood about how re-finding behavior differs from the finding of new information. This paper dives deeply into the differences via analysis of three large-scale data sources: 1) query logs (queries, clicks, result impressions), 2) Web browsing logs (URL visits), and 3) a daily Web crawl (page content). It appears that people learn valuable information about the pages they find that helps them re-find what they are looking for later; compared to the initial finding query, re-finding queries are typically shorter, and rank the re-found URL higher. While many instances of re-finding probably serve as a type of bookmark for a known URL, others seem to represent the resumption of a previous task; results clicked at the end of a session are more likely than those at the beginning to be re-found during a later session, while re-finding is more likely to happen at the beginning of a session than at the end. Additionally, we observe differences in cross-session and intra-session re-finding that may indicate different types of re-finding tasks. Our findings suggest there is a rich opportunity for search engines to take advantage of re-finding behavior as a means to improve the search experience.
From Mirror Neurons to Complex Imitation in the Evolution of Language and Tool Use

The mirror system hypothesis suggests that evolution expanded a basic mirror system for grasping, in concert with other brain regions first to support simple imitation (shared with the common ancestor of humans and great apes) and thence to complex imitation (unique to the hominin line), which includes overimitation, the apparent drawbacks of which are in fact essential to human skill transmission. These advances in praxis supported the emergence of pantomime and thence protosign and protospeech. This capacity, we claim, was adequate for cultural evolution to then yield language. We argue that Oldowan tool making corresponds to simple imitation and ape gestural communication and Acheulean tool making corresponds to complex imitation and protolanguage, whereas the explosion of innovations in tool making and social organization of the past 100,000 years correlates with the emergence of language. Care is taken, however, to distinguish brain mechanisms for praxis from those supporting language.
Negotiated Accountability: a Method for Making Mutual Expectations Explicit

Negotiated accountability is defined as a bilateral agreement between two parties who explicitly define their responsibilities in interdependent role behaviors and who agree to regularly report to each other on the fulfillment of these responsibilities.The concepts of "negotiation" and "accountability" are well known in the world of organizations and interpersonal behavior. Each concept alone, however, is less powerful than their com bination into "negotiated accountability." Negotiation is a pro cessual instrument for reaching agreements, whereas accounta bility implies commitment and action within the framework of role responsibility. Negotiation serves to soften and "democratize" accountability. Accountability, on the other hand, strengthens negotiation by commitment to action within specified role expec tations.This paper presents summaries of a protocol from a "nego tiated accountability conference," a technique for demonstrating mutual accountability within the staff of a University Extension Division.
Development and evaluation of a real-time quantitative PCR assay for Aspergillus flavus

Aspergillus flavus is a ubiquitous mold and the most common mold contaminating foodstuffs. Many strains of A. flavus produce aflatoxins. In addition it is an allergen and an opportunistic pathogen of animals and plants. A. flavus often is underestimated in traditional culture analyses due to the expertise required and the cost associated with speciating members of the genus Aspergillus. The goal of this study was to develop and validate a primer and probe set for the rapid detection and quantitation of A. flavus in pure culture using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) amplification. Unique DNA regions were located in the genome of the target organism by sequence comparison with the GenBank database, and several candidate oligonucleotides were identified from the scientific literature for potential use with the TaqMan QPCR technology. Three primer and probe sets were designed and validated for specificity and sensitivity in laboratory experiments. Initial screening to test for sensitivity was performed with seven A. flavus isolates and selected nontarget fungi. Specificity testing was conducted with the selected primer and probe set, which amplified all nine A. flavus isolates tested, including an aflatoxin producing strain. The primers did not amplify DNA extracted from 39 other fungal species (comprising 16 genera), including 18 other Aspergillus species and six Penicillium species. No amplification of human or bacterial DNA was observed; however cross-reactivity was observed with Aspergillus oryzae. PCR analysis of DNA dilutions and the use of an internal positive control demonstrated that 67% of the fungal DNA samples assayed contained PCR inhibitors. The assay validated for the target organism is capable of producing PCR results in less than 1 h after DNA extraction. The results of this research demonstrate the capabilities of QPCR for the enhanced detection and enumeration of fungi of significance to human health.
■ REVIEW : Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor: A Treatment for stroke?

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide with potent trophic effects on brain cells. In particular, bFGF promotes the survival and outgrowth of brain neurons, and protects neurons against toxic processes that are important contributors to cell death after cerebral ischemia (stroke). Recent studies in animal models have suggested two potential uses of exogenously administered bFGF for the treatment of stroke: 1) intra venous bFGF to reduce infarct size in acute stroke, and 2) intracisternal bFGF to enhance neurological recovery in chronic stroke. Human clinical trials of the first of these applications are currently in progress. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:247-250,1997
Workshop - designing multidisciplinary signal and data analysis laboratories using Java-DSP

This workshop will expose participants to the utility of the Java-DSP education software in multidisciplinary signal and data analysis applications. The session will be interactive and participants will use and assess an exercise that involves step-by-step online simulations using J-DSP. Examples of prepackaged online laboratory exercises that can be disseminated in certain types of courses will also be presented. The session is of interest to instructors and practitioners with interests in signals and systems, DSP, data analysis for earth systems and geology, signal analysis for music courses and other applications.
US foreign aid, interstate rivalry, and incentives for counterterrorism cooperation:

A common strategy pursued by states targeted by international terrorism is to provide economic and military assistance to the states that host this activity. This is thought to increase their willingness and capacity to crack down on terrorism, but very little work to date has looked at whether this strategy actually leads to desirable outcomes. This article offers an explanation for why a strategy of foreign aid-for-counterterrorism can be successful in some contexts, but counterproductive in situations in which recipients have more pressing strategic priorities. Specifically, I argue that host states receiving US foreign aid that are involved in an ongoing interstate rivalry will use the aid to arm against their rival, rather than to undertake counterterrorism. These states thus have an incentive not to disarm terrorist groups, but rather to play-up the threat from terrorism in order to continue receiving aid concessions. Using data on US foreign aid and terrorist activity in recipient countries, I empl...
3-D crustal structure of the western United States: application of Rayleigh-wave ellipticity extracted from noise cross-correlations

We present a new 3-D seismic model of the western United States crust derived from a joint inversion of Rayleigh-wave phase velocity and ellipticity measurements using periods from 8 to 100 s. Improved constraints on upper-crustal structure result from use of short-period Rayleigh-wave ellipticity, or Rayleigh-wave H/V (horizontal to vertical) amplitude ratios, measurements determined using multicomponent ambient noise cross-correlations. To retain the amplitude ratio information between vertical and horizontal components, for each station, we perform daily noise pre-processing (temporal normalization and spectrum whitening) simultaneously for all three components. For each station pair, amplitude measurements between cross-correlations of different components (radial–radial, radial–vertical, vertical–radial and vertical–vertical) are then used to determine the Rayleigh-wave H/V ratios at the two station locations. We use all EarthScope/USArray Tranportable Array data available between 2007 January and 2011 June to determine the Rayleigh-wave H/V ratios and their uncertainties at all station locations and construct new Rayleigh-wave H/V ratio maps in the western United States between periods of 8 and 24 s. Combined with previous longer period earthquake Rayleigh-wave H/V ratio measurements and Rayleigh-wave phase velocity measurements from both ambient noise and earthquakes, we invert for a new 3-D crustal and upper-mantle model in the western United States. Correlation between the inverted model and known geological features at all depths suggests good resolution in five crustal layers. Use of short-period Rayleigh-wave H/V ratio measurements based on noise cross-correlation enables resolution of distinct near surface features such as the Columbia River Basalt flows, which overlie a thick sedimentary basin.
Evolutionary Dynamics of an Ipomopsis Hybrid Zone: Confronting Models with Lifetime Fitness Data

Abstract: Interspecific hybridization is a recurring aspect of the evolution of many plant and animal groups. The temporal dynamics of hybrid zones and the evolutionary consequences of hybridization should depend on fitness of parental and hybrid individuals expressed in different environments. We measured lifetime fitness, including survival and reproduction, of plants of Ipomopsis aggregata, Ipomopsis tenuituba, and their F1 hybrids, in experimental plantings in a natural hybrid zone. Fitness, measured as the finite rate of increase (λ), depended strongly on environment. Each parental species performed well in its home locale and poorly in the locale of the other species. Hybrids performed as well as parents overall but enjoyed their highest fitness in the hybrid site. Furthermore, F1 hybrids with I. tenuituba as maternal parent survived well only at the hybrid site, suggesting a \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \...
Influence of Aqueous and Solid-Phase Fe(II) Complexants on Microbial Reduction of Crystalline Iron(III) Oxides†

The influence of aqueous (NTA and EDTA) and solid-phase (aluminum oxide, layer silicates) Fe(II) complexants on the long-term microbial reduction of synthetic goethite by Shewanella alga strain BrY was studied. NTA enhanced goethite reduction by promoting aqueous Fe(II) accumulation, in direct proportion to its concentration in culture medium (0.01−5 mM). In contrast, EDTA failed to stimulate goethite reduction at concentrations ≤1 mM, and 5 mM EDTA enhanced the final extent of reduction by only 25% in relation to nonchelator controls. The minor effect of EDTA compared to NTA, despite the greater stability of the Fe(II)−EDTA complex, likely resulted from sorption of Fe(II)−EDTA complexes to goethite. Equilibrium Fe(II) speciation calculations showed that Fe(II)aq should increase with NTA at the expense of the solid-phase Fe(II) species, whereas the opposite trend was true for EDTA due to Fe(II)EDTA adsorption. The presence of aluminum oxide and layer silicates led to a variable but significant (1.5 to > 3...
Phorbol ester- and glutamate-sensitive phosphorylation of hippocampal membrane proteins from adult and neonatal rats.

Abstract The phosphoinositide (PI) second messenger system in the neonatal rat brain is differentially stimulated as compared to that of the adult by agonists such as glutamate. Among the factors that might contribute to the neonatal pattern is the nature of phosphorylated membrane-bound proteins which could regulate this receptor-mediated response. This study was undertaken to compare membrane protein phosphorylation under conditions that affect PI hydrolysis in neonatal and adult rat hippocampus. Two-dimensional gel analysis revealed enhanced basal phosphorylation of two membrane proteins ( M r ; 46,000 and 80,000; pI: 4.4 and 4.2, respectively in the neonatal hippocampus when compared to the adult. The former phosphoprotein is present only in neonatal hippocampus. Phosphorylation of a 48,000 M r protein with a pI of 4.5 is prominent in hippocampal membranes from both neonatal and adult rats. After incubation of neonatal hippocampal slices with an active phorbol ester, 12- O -tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), all three proteins show decreased post-hoc phosphorylation. Slices from neonatal rats incubated with glutamate demonstrated no alteration in the phosphorylation of any of these proteins, while those from adult rats produced a marked change in phosphorylation of the 80,000 M r protein. The data suggest that phosphorylation of this protein from neonates is not yet as efficiently coupled to receptor stimulation as that from the adult. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the 48,000 M r protein is the growth-associated protein B-50/GAP-43 and that the 80,000 M r protein is a membrane-associated form of the MARCKS protein. Immunoblot analysis shows that the MARCKS protein is present in the hippocampal membrane fraction and is expressed at higher levels in the neonate than in the adult. These proteins, which are differentially regulated in neonates, may mediate developmental effects of phorbol esters on PI metabolism.
Enantioselection in the birch reduction-alkylation of a chiral benzoic acid derivative

Abstract Preparation and diastereoselective Birch reduction-alkylation of benzoxazepenone 3 is described; conversion of 3 to ≈ enantiomerically pure 11 confirms the ∼98:2 diastereoselection in the alkylation step.
Perceptual and attentional asymmetries in schizophrenia : further evidence for a left hemisphere deficit

Increasing evidence suggests the presence of a lateralizing attentional deficit in schizophrenia. In the present study, 23 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (mean age = 32.1 years) and 14 age- and sex-matched normal subjects were studied with the Global/Local Task to provide converging evidence for the presence of a left-hemisphere-associated attentional deficit in schizophrenia. This task is sensitive to the integrity of mechanisms involved in discriminating local and global elements of stimuli. Previous research has linked the discrimination of local targets to left hemispheric processes and the discrimination of global targets to right hemispheric processes. As predicted, patients were impaired in the detection of local level targets, consistent with a left hemispheric deficit. The degree of impairment correlated with the patient's level of auditory hallucinations. These results are consistent with previous studies showing an asymmetrical attentional deficit in schizophrenia and left hemispheric dysfunction. The correlation between this deficit and auditory hallucinations is consistent with a hypothesized relationship between this symptom in schizophrenia and left temporal pathology.
Balancing in Neorealism

Does neorealism offer a convincing account of great power balancing behavior? Many scholars argue that it does not. This conclusion rests on a misunderstanding of neorealist theory and an erroneous reading of the evidence. Properly specified, neorealism holds that great powers place an overriding emphasis on the need for self-help. This means that they rely relentlessly both on arming and on imitating the successful military practices of their peers to ensure their security. At the same time, they rarely resort to alliances and treat them with skepticism. There is abundant historical evidence to support these claims. Since 1816, great powers have routinely achieved an effective balance in military capabilities with their relevant competitors and promptly copied the major military innovations of the period. Case studies show that these outcomes are the product of states' efforts to ensure security against increasingly capable rivals. Meanwhile, the diplomatic record yields almost no examples of firm peacet...
Money or Diversity? An Implementation Analysis of the Voluntary Transfer Program in St. Louis, 1999-2009.

A dual transfer program was created in 1983 in the St. Louis metropolitan area following a 1972 lawsuit brought upon the city, charging it with withholding an equal educational opportunity for Black students. Through this program, Black students from St. Louis City are provided with free transportation to one of 15 suburban school districts, and White students from the surrounding suburbs are eligible to attend city magnet schools. At its peak in 1999, enrollment reached approximately 15,000 students, of which over 13,500 were from St. Louis City. Following the lifting of the court order in 1999, suburban participation became voluntary and tuition reimbursements to the participating suburban districts were reduced. By 2009, program enrollment had fallen to approximately 7,000 students, of which 6,800 were from St. Louis City. Using critical policy analysis and a media framing analysis on almost 100 newspaper articles collected from four media outlets, this study found that, between 1999 and 2009, suburban implementation of the voluntary transfer program was largely affected by economic factors. Though the program is still in operation, and will continue through at least the 2018-2019 school year, this research raises important questions about the various factors that contribute to or hinder implementation of this long-running voluntary desegregation program.
"Graphene-Like" Exfoliation of Atomically-Thin Films of Bi2Te3 and Related Materials: Applications in Thermoelectrics and Topological Insulators

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) and its alloys are the best bulk thermoelectric materials known today. Bi2Te3 has the rhombohedral crystal structure (D3d5 – R(-3)m) with five atoms in one unit cell. It has large lattice parameter cH = 3.045 nm. It was theoretically predicted that quantum wells made of bismuth telluride should have strongly enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit ZT either due to quantum confinement of carriers [1] or confinement of acoustic phonons [2]. To achieve the strong confinement regime required for a drastic increase of ZT one needs ultra-thin crystalline films with the thickness of just few atomic planes (~ 1 nm or less). Conventional film growth techniques (CVD, MBE, electro-deposition, etc.) do not provide such quality crystalline thermoelectric films. The bismuth telluride family of materials was also demonstrated to be topological insulators with a large energy gap and gapless surface states consisting of a single Dirac cone [3]. In this talk, I will demonstrate that separate BiTe atomic layers can be mechanically exfoliated from bulk Bi2Te3 in a “graphene-like” fashion [4-5]. The presence of the van der Waals gap allowed us to disassemble Bi2Te3 crystal into its building blocks – five mono-atomic sheets of –[Te(1)-Bi-Te(2)-Bi-Te(1)]-, which have the thickness of ~1 nm. Our microscopy data (AFM, SEM and TEM) proves that the atomic bonds inside the atomic five-folds can be broken further leading to quasi-2-D crystals of Bi-Te (Fig. 1). The atomicallythin films were suspended across trenches in Si/SiO2 wafers to reduce coupling to the substrate and investigate the physical properties of this materials consisting entirely of surfaces and interfaces. We developed micro-Raman based nanometrology technique to identify few-quintuples layers of bismuth telluride and related materials [6]. By altering the thickness and sequence of atomic planes one can create “designer” non-stoichiometric crystalline films, change the composition, doping and other properties (Fig. 2). The obtained results may pave the way for producing crystalline bismuth telluride quantum wells with the strong quantum confinement of charge carriers, which were predicted to have an order-of-magnitude higher thermoelectric figure of merit. It may also become a reliable method for fabrication of topological insulator thin films.
Murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies penetrate cells, bind to nuclei, and induce glomerular proliferation and proteinuria in vivo.

The production of relatively high quantities of autoantibodies (autoAb) that react with DNA and other intranuclear antigens is characteristic of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. However, the capacity of these Ab to penetrate cells and induce functional perturbations in vivo is not well appreciated. To address this issue, monoclonal (m) anti-DNA Ab (mAb), derived from MRL-lpr/lpr and (NZB x SWR)F1 mice, were administered to normal mice, and the animals were examined for morphologic and functional abnormalities. A subset of five mAb produced intranuclear immunoglobulin deposits in multiple organs. Intranuclear immunoglobulin deposits were also observed after cross-linking the tissue before direct immunofluorescence and after i.v. injection of F(ab9)2 fragments of one anti-DNA Ab. This phenomenon was reproducible and was only associated with this subset of autoAb. Furthermore, intranuclear deposits of anti-DNA Ab within glomeruli were associated with morphologic and functional abnormalities including: hypercellularity, epithelial foot process fusion, new fiber bundle formation within the mesangium suggestive of new collagen synthesis, and proteinuria. These results indicate that a subset of autoAb may penetrate cells in vivo to influence normal cellular and nuclear function and to contribute to functional and pathologic abnormalities in individuals with systemic lupus.
Haemovigilance of reactions associated with red blood cell transfusion: comparison across 17 Countries.

Background and Objectives The recent establishment of the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module in the United States affords an opportunity to compare results with those of other developed nations. Materials and Methods Using data from national haemovigilance systems, reactions associated with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and residual risks of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases were assembled from 17 nations. Country-specific rates of adverse events were pooled using random-effects Poisson regression. Results Febrile non-haemolytic and delayed serologic transfusion reactions were the most frequent adverse events reported after RBC transfusion, occurring in 26 patients per 100 000 RBC units and 25 patients per 100 000 RBC units administered, respectively. Rates of allergic, febrile non-haemolytic and delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions in the United States were significantly greater than the pooled rates from other countries. Frequencies of adverse events generated from the national haemovigilance programme in the United States were considerably lower than when obtained through active surveillance. Conclusion Haemovigilance reports of adverse events in the United States are comparable to, or greater than, reports from other developed countries. Rates generated from haemovigilance programmes are lower than those obtained through active surveillance. The lack of universal leucoreduction of RBC units may be a contributing factor to the higher rate of some adverse events in the United States.
Label-free identification of macrophage phenotype by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

Macrophages adopt a variety of phenotypes that are a reflection of the many functions they perform as part of the immune system. In particular, metabolism is a phenotypic trait that differs between classically activated, proinflammatory macrophages, and alternatively activated, prohealing macrophages. Inflammatory macrophages have a metabolism based on glycolysis while alternatively activated macrophages generally rely on oxidative phosphorylation to generate chemical energy. We employ this shift in metabolism as an endogenous marker to identify the phenotype of individual macrophages via live-cell fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We demonstrate that polarized macrophages can be readily discriminated with the aid of a phasor approach to FLIM, which provides a fast and model-free method for analyzing fluorescence lifetime images.
Discussion on unitive optimized design of prestressed anchor cable

Prestressed anchor cable technique faces the problems of conservative design and dissatisfactory effect,leading to over-consumption in engineering and going against the further development of the technique.Optimized design methods of prestressed anchor cables came forth at that time,which aren't unified up to now.The concept of grading optimized design is suggested in this paper.Besides evaluation indexes of optimization,unitive definitions of the main optimized design parameters and analysis of their connections as well as design sensitivities are proposed by discussing on the theories of first grade optimized design.All of the results mentioned above can make up the main frames of the unitive optimized design methods of prestressed anchor cables.
Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Pulse Shaper, Lateral Inertia, and Friction on the Calculated Strain-Rate Sensitivity of UHP-FRC Using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar

AbstractThis research investigates the effect of pulse shaper, lateral inertia and friction on the strain-rate sensitivity of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) by finite-element analysis. Assigned material parameters of UHP-FRC are provided by calibrating concrete material characteristics given in commercially available software. Following the material model calibration, a parametric study on the design of pulse shaper is carried out to satisfy the requirements of SHPB testing. Material confinement effects, including inertia effect and friction effect, are isolated from the strain-rate sensitivity of UHP-FRC under compressive impact loading. Numerical simulation results show that (1) the calibrated KCC model can well-predict the experimentally behavior of UHP-FRC; (2) an aluminum 6061-T6 disc with 1.8-mm thickness and 8-mm diameter is an ideal pulse shaper for SHPB testing of UHP-FRC at 20 m/s impact velocity; (3) at an impact velocity ...
Preliminary validation of a brief measure of the frequency and severity of nightmares: The Trauma-Related Nightmare Survey.

Nightmares and sleep disturbances are gaining attention as targets of treatment interventions for trauma-exposed populations. Measures in trials evaluating these interventions tend to utilize proprietary measures of nightmare characteristics, which makes it challenging to compare findings across studies. The Trauma-Related Nightmare Survey is a questionnaire that was initially developed for utilization in efficacy studies of Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy. Preliminary examinations of the psychometric properties have demonstrated good test-retest reliability and convergent validity. The present brief report provides an updated examination of these properties and offers the first open publication of the measure for general use. Results support previous findings that the Trauma-Related Nightmare Survey demonstrates good test-retest reliability (r = .73) and moderate to strong convergent validity (rs = .44-.78) with other commonly utilized measures of sleep and mood symptoms.
Nineteenth Century Personal Jurisdiction Doctrine in a Twenty-First Century World

The initial twenty-first century personal jurisdiction decisions from the Supreme Court reveal that personal jurisdiction doctrine has not changed much since the nineteenth century. The nomenclature has changed, realism has replaced formalism, some fictions purportedly have been discarded, and the adjudicatory reach of courts has somewhat expanded, but the doctrine retains the same conceptual core - the social contract philosophical tradition limiting the scope of governmental authority to those establishing the requisite relationship with the sovereign.I first overview jurisdictional doctrine from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This revisionist account illustrates that International Shoe - especially considered in light of its progeny - is not as revolutionary as often claimed. I next analyze the opinions in Nicastro and Goodyear to demonstrate their connections to - and departures from - pre-International Shoe doctrine and theory. The plurality and concurring opinions in Nicastro share unfortunate similarities to Pennoyer, embracing a rigid formalism rather than a policy-driven approach to minimum contacts that considers the extent to which the defendant’s forum activities implicate state sovereign interests and indicate amenability will not be an undue burden. Goodyear, on the other hand, is more analogous to Shaffer, restricting a fictional basis for state court jurisdiction that should only exist in the rare circumstances where the defendant’s activities or property in the forum establish that it is acting similarly to a local domiciliary.Due to the limitations imposed by both cases, I finally consider the constitutionality of a potential federal legislative scheme requiring foreign manufacturers to appoint an agent for service of process for claims related to imported products. I demonstrate that service on an agent is a constitutional basis for personal jurisdiction when the claims are tangentially related to the defendant’s forum activities, even though the defendant should not be amenable for unrelated causes of action. Such a legislative solution is necessary when the Court is unable to fashion a coherent jurisdictional approach in a modern, interconnected world.
EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

ABSTRACTLocal economic development and environmental policy are two areas that are undeniably linked. While a great deal of research highlights the need to marry these two concepts in practice, muc...
HPV vaccine uptake in a school-located vaccination program

Previous research has implied that while parents may be willing to have their adolescents receive some recommended vaccines via school-located vaccination program (SLVP), they were less likely to agree to the HPV vaccine being administered via SLVP. During an SLVP in a large urban area, 86% of those participating in the program received an HPV vaccine.
Corpus Callosotomy for Intractable Seizures

The results of corpus callosotomy in 18 patients 16 years old and younger are reported from the Sections of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH.
What Makes an Open Source Code Popular on Git Hub

The rise of social networks for software development has attached a notion of popularity to open source projects. This work attempts to extract knowledge from the differences between popular and unpopular Python projects on GitHub. A large set of projects was mined for a rich variety of features that measure language utilization, documentation, and code volume. These features were used to train a classifier which predicted current popularity well (F-score = ×8). Notably, these features outperformed measures of author popularity (F-score = ×7). However, these features did not strongly predict future growth in popularity. An in-depth analysis of the perform ant features revealed that they could be useful as a measure of not only popularity, but of code quality.
A note on Lightenberg's reflective Moire method

A new arrangement of the optical components of the Ligtenberg reflective moire method is proposed whereby the line density of the reference grating can be varied continuously. As a result, the sensitivity of the method can be changed at will to suit the particular problem under study.
A generational examination of instructional Facebook use and the effects on perceived instructor immediacy, credibility and student affective learning

This study examined Millennial student perceptions of use of social networking, specifically Facebook, by instructors. Two independent variables were examined: instructor age (Baby Boomer or Millennial) and use of Facebook (utilising a course group site through the service versus not using the service at all). Results revealed that Baby Boomer instructors who used a class Facebook group were rated more highly on mediated immediacy, credibility and affective learning than Baby Boomer or Millennial instructors who did not use Facebook. The role of expectancy violations theory in Millennials’ perceptions of their instructors’ communication is discussed and recommendations are made for future research.
Stories of Minds and Bodies: The Role of Evolutionary Perspectives in Understanding Narrative

Symposium Essay: Stories of Minds and Bodies: The Role of Evolutionary Perspectives in Understanding Narrative
Evaluation of the oral microbiome as a biomarker for early detection of human oral carcinomas

With the advent of precision medicine, biomarkers have recently come into focus as a promising tool for early cancer detection and treatment individualization. In particular, much interest has been shown in the oral microbiome as a promising potential cancer biomarker, especially for head and neck cancers. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will be nearly 50,000 new cases and roughly 10,000 deaths from oral or oropharyngeal cancer in 2017. The five-year survival rate for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx is 66% for Caucasian individuals and 47% for African American individuals. However, when caught early while the cancer is at a local stage, the 5-year survival rates rise to 83% and 79%, respectively. The oral carcinoma cancer is typically diagnosed by an oral health care provider by visual screening. However, many of these cancers are discovered when they have already progressed to a later stage. The goal of this research is to evaluate oral microbiome based biomarkers for early oral carcinoma detection. The outcome of this research is a machine-learning based framework for microbiome-based early cancer detection. The ability to identify at risk patients using minimally invasive biomarkers will allow for more rapid treatment plan development and improved outcome. The early diagnosis and treatment of cancer is essential for increasing patient survival odds and mitigating patient suffering.
Subclinical Compromise in Cardiac Strain Relates to Lower Cognitive Performances in Older Adults.

Background Global longitudinal strain (GLS), reflecting total shortening of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle, has emerged as a more precise myocardial function measure than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Longitudinal strain may be selectively affected in subclinical heart disease, even in the presence of normal LVEF. This study examines subclinical cardiac dysfunction, assessed by GLS and LVEF, and cognition among older adults. Methods and Results Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project participants who were free of clinical dementia, stroke, and heart failure (n=318, 73±7 years, 58% male) completed neuropsychological assessment and cardiac magnetic resonance to quantify GLS and LVEF. Linear regression models related GLS and LVEF to neuropsychological performances, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, cognitive diagnosis, and APOE *e4 status. Models were repeated with a cardiac×cognitive diagnosis interaction term. Compromised GLS (reflected by higher values) related to worse naming (β=−0.07, P =0.04), visuospatial immediate recall (β=−0.83, P =0.03), visuospatial delayed recall (β=−0.22, P =0.03), and verbal delayed recall (β=−0.11, P =0.007). LVEF did not relate to worse performance on any measure ( P >0.18). No diagnostic interactions were observed. Conclusions Our study results are among the first to suggest that compromised GLS relates to worse episodic memory and language performance among older adults who are free of clinical dementia, stroke, and heart failure. Subclinical cardiac dysfunction may correlate with cognitive health in late life, even when LVEF remains normal. The results add to growing evidence that GLS may be a more sensitive and preferred method for quantifying subclinical changes in cardiac function.
Lineage-guided Notch-dependent gliogenesis by Drosophila multi-potent progenitors

Macroglial cells in the central nervous system exhibit regional specialization and carry out region-specific functions. Diverse glial cells arise from specific progenitors in specific spatiotemporal patterns. This raises an interesting possibility that glial precursors with distinct developmental fates exist that govern region-specific gliogenesis. Here, we have mapped the glial progeny produced by the Drosophila type II neuroblasts, which, like vertebrate radial glia cells, yield both neurons and glia via intermediate neural progenitors (INPs). Distinct type II neuroblasts produce different characteristic sets of glia. A single INP can make both astrocyte-like and ensheathing glia, which co-occupy a relatively restrictive subdomain. Blocking apoptosis uncovers further lineage distinctions in the specification, proliferation and survival of glial precursors. Both the switch from neurogenesis to gliogenesis and the subsequent glial expansion depend on Notch signaling. Taken together, lineage origins preconfigure the development of individual glial precursors with involvement of serial Notch actions in promoting gliogenesis.
Use of Phase Conjugation for Physical Measurement

We review the various ways in which optical-beam phase conjugation has been found useful, sometimes uniquely, in measuring properties of traps and carriers in semiconductors, impurity ions in solids, excited dye molecules, colliding atoms, and other systems.
Hemorrhagic stroke due to cerebral vasculitis and the role of immunosuppressive therapy

Cerebral vasculitis may occur in isolation or in conjunction with a systemic illness. Although a relatively infrequent cause of intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage, it should be considered in a setting of relevant systemic symptoms, an unexplained progressive neurologic disorder, or in a patient lacking risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke. Diagnosis may be difficult because the results of most studies may be normal or nonspecific. Because treatment is effective in many of the cerebral vasculitides, vigorous pursuit of the diagnosis is warranted.
Influence of vacancy defect concentration on the combustion of reactive Ni/Al nanolaminates

Self-propagating reactions in Ni/Al nanolaminates have been widely studied for their high combustion temperatures surpassing 1900 K and rapid combustion wave speeds exceeding 10 m/s. These combustion characteristics have motivated unique industrial applications, such as soldering of electrical components, and possible military applications. Unfortunately, there is a limited understanding of the effect of lattice defects on combustion characteristics. This work explores the effect of vacancy concentration on the combustion rate and peak temperature of reactive Ni/Al nanolaminates. Increasing vacancy concentration increases both reaction rates and peak reaction temperatures. For the reaction rate, vacancy concentration effects are shown to be interdependent with bilayer thickness, initial temperature, and hydrostatic pressure. The effects on reaction peak temperature are independent of these other system parameters. A new method for mapping vacancy and composition profiles is presented to demonstrate the formation and migration of vacancies during the self-propagating reaction.
A Probabilistic Time Reversal Theorem (Poster)

Combining independent observations is commonly performed by using a least squares technique, as it is thought that this is necessary to achieve an optimal solution. The purpose of this article is to show that this is not always the case. The particular example combines observations that are exponentially distributed. One application of this technique is to determine the time of a singular event which initiated a set of decay processes having known half-lives. The time of the singular event decays backwards in time with an exponential distribution. We find that the accuracy of this method is significantly better than the accuracy of a least squares technique. The improved accuracy can be important for applications that require combining many noisy observations, such as situation awareness.
Sensor Selection and Removal for State Estimation of Linear Systems with Unknown Inputs

An unknown input observer provides perfect asymptotic tracking of the state of a system affected by unknown inputs. Such an observer exists (possibly requiring a delay in estimation) if and only if the system satisfies a property known as strong detectability. In this paper, we consider the problem of selecting (at design-time) a minimum cost subset of sensors from a given set in order to make a given system strongly detectable. We show that this problem is NP-hard even when the system is stable. Furthermore, we show that it is not possible to approximate the minimum cost within a factor of $\log n$ in polynomial-time (unless $P=NP$). However, we show that if a given system (with a selected set of sensors) is already strongly detectable, finding the smallest set of additional sensors to install in order to obtain a zero-delay observer can be done in polynomial time. Finally, we consider the problem of attacking a set of deployed sensors in order to remove the property of strong detectability. We show that finding the smallest number of sensors to remove is NP-hard.
The rise of urban diasporic identity and consciousness in Guatemalan American literature

The past 30 years have seen a rise in Guatemalan American literary production expressing a type of diasporic consciousness that seeks to redefine the traditional Guatemalanness the diaspora has inherited while also highlighting its relations to other Latinxs in their shared neighborhoods in urban environments. Three Guatemalan American writers expressing this trend in their work are Hector Tobar, Maya Chinchilla, and Gustavo Guerra Vasquez, who were all raised in the United States and engage their identities as Guatemalan and American in their different literary works. Juan Flores’s concept of “creolite in the hood” helps highlight how this new Guatemalan American diasporic awareness and cultural expressions are forming, influencing, and influenced by other Latinxs in urban California. These cultural trends constitute an important part of what Yajaira Padilla calls the “Central American transnational imaginary” and could shed light on cultural relations between the Central American diaspora and isthmus.
Considering memory and processes of abandonment and reorganization in the past with case studies from southeastern Mesoamerica

Abstract Built places hold great power to both shape and mold behavior and communicate meaningful narratives and ideas. Such narratives and meanings are encoded and reproduced via social acts of remembering and forgetting. This paper explores the ways that places are memorialized or forgotten after periods of social and political re-organization when groups of structures or whole sites are abandoned. Herein three memory strategies are emphasized: protecting places, citation of abandoned spaces, and abandonment as an act of forgetting, in order to provide tools for archaeologists discussing memory and abandonment. Each strategy is illustrated using archaeological case studies from the Late Preclassic (300 BCE–100 CE) to Late Classic (600–900 CE) in southeastern Mesoamerica.