cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Guilt in Influencing Sustainable Pro-Environmental Behaviors among Shoppers: Differences in Response by Gender To Messaging about England's Plastic-Bag Levy

ABSTRACT To motivate shoppers to bring reusable bags, England has enforced a carry-bag law, allowing large retailers to charge 5 pence for a single-use plastic bag. Few studies have addressed the role of guilt in influencing sustainable pro-environmental behaviors among shoppers. The current study investigates two primary questions: Do male and female shoppers perceive guilt differently? Can guilt in an advertising context motivate shoppers to bring reusable grocery bags? Survey findings from Study 1 showed that high guilt was more impactful on women and helped generate favorable attitudes and behavior. The experiment for Study 2, based on the theory of psychological ownership, elicited a moderate level of guilt using advertisements related to egoistic and biospheric concerns. Findings showed that egoistic concerns, such as saving money, were more effective and that this effect was stronger for women than men. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Ab initio study of the mechanism of carboxylic acids cross-ketonization on monoclinic zirconia via condensation to beta-keto acids followed by decarboxylation

Abstract Catalytic mechanism of acetic and isobutyric acids mixture conversion into two symmetrical and one cross-ketone product on monoclinic zirconia (111) surface was extensively modeled by Density Functional Theory for periodic structures. Several options were evaluated for each mechanistic step by calculating their reaction rate constants. The best option for each kinetically relevant step was chosen by matching calculated rates of reaction with experimental values. Four zirconium surface atoms define each catalytic site. The most favorable pathway includes condensation between surface carboxylates, one of which is enolized through alpha-hydrogen abstraction by lattice oxygen. Condensation of gas phase molecules with the enolized carboxylate on surface is less attainable. The kinetic scheme considers all steps being reversible, except for decarboxylation. The equilibrium constant of the enolization step and the rate constant of the condensation step define the global reaction rate for non-bulky acetic acid. For bulky isobutyric acid, decarboxylation step is added to the kinetic scheme as kinetically significant, while hydrocarbonate departure may also compete with the decarboxylation. Electronic and steric effect of alkyl substituents on the decarboxylation step is disclosed. The cross-selectivity is controlled by both condensation and decarboxylation steps. None of the mechanistic steps require metal oxide to be reducible/oxidizable.
A tRNA fragment, tRF5-Glu, regulates BCAR3 expression and proliferation in ovarian cancer cells.

// Kun Zhou 1 , Kevin W. Diebel 1 , Jon Holy 1 , Andrew Skildum 1 , Evan Odean 1 , Douglas A. Hicks 2 , Brent Schotl 1 , Juan E. Abrahante 3 , Monique A. Spillman 4 and Lynne T. Bemis 1 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA 2 Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA 3 University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA 4 Texas A&M University Medical School, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75206 USA Correspondence to: Lynne T. Bemis, email: ltbemis@d.umn.edu Keywords: tRNA fragments, BCAR3, ovarian cancer, tRF5-Glu, noncoding RNA Received: January 10, 2017 Accepted: July 31, 2017 Published: September 08, 2017 ABSTRACT Ovarian cancer is a complex disease marked by tumor heterogeneity, which contributes to difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. New molecular targets and better molecular profiles defining subsets of patients are needed. tRNA fragments (tRFs) offer a recently identified group of noncoding RNAs that are often as abundant as microRNAs in cancer cells. Initially their presence in deep sequencing data sets was attributed to the breakdown of mature tRNAs, however, it is now clear that they are actively generated and function in multiple regulatory events. One such tRF, a 5’ fragment of tRNA-Glu-CTC (tRF5-Glu), is processed from the mature tRNA-Glu and is shown in this study to be expressed in ovarian cancer cells. We confirmed that tRF5-Glu binds directly to a site in the 3’UTR of the Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 3 (BCAR3) mRNA thereby down regulating its expression. BCAR3 has not previously been studied in ovarian cancer cells and our studies demonstrate that inhibiting BCAR3 expression suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, mimics of tRF5-Glu were found to inhibit proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. In summary, BCAR3 and tRF5-Glu contribute to the complex tumor heterogeneity of ovarian cancer cells and may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.
A study protocol for enriching the interprofessional collaborative competency attainment survey insights.

The following short report outlines a proposed study designed to evaluate the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey and its recommended method of administration. This explora...
Preparation for a mesh experiment on a hybrid CMOS detector

The detection of X-rays is a unique process relative to other wavelengths, and allows for some novel features that increase the scientific yield of a single observation. Unlike lower photon energies, X-rays liberate a large number of electrons from the silicon absorber array of the detector. This number is usually on the order of several hundred to a thousand for moderate-energy X-rays. These electrons tend to diffuse outward into what is referred to as the electron cloud. This cloud can then be picked up by several pixels, forming a specific pattern based on the exact incident location. By conducting the first ever “mesh experiment” on a hybrid CMOS detector (HCD), we will experimentally determine the charge cloud shape and use it to characterize responsivity of the detector with subpixel spatial resolution
Understanding Lignin Fractionation and Characterization from Engineered Switchgrass Treated by an Aqueous Ionic Liquid

Aqueous ionic liquids (ILs) have received increasing interest because of their high efficacy in fractionating and pretreating lignocellulosic biomass while at the same time mitigating several challenges associated with IL pretreatment such as IL viscosity, gel formation during pretreatment, and the energy consumption and costs associated with IL recycling. This study investigated the fate of lignin, its structural and compositional changes, and the impact of lignin modification on the deconstruction of cell wall compounds during aqueous IL (10% w/w cholinium lysinate) pretreatment of wild-type and engineered switchgrass. The 4CL genotype resulting from silencing of 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase gene (Pv4CL1) had a lower lignin content, relatively higher amount of hydroxycinnamates, and higher S/G ratio and appeared to be less recalcitrant to IL pretreatment likely due to the lower degree of lignin branching and more readily lignin solubilization. The results further demonstrated over 80% of lignin dissolu...
Predictions of a network thermodynamics computer model relating to the mechanism of methotrexate rescue by 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and to the importance of inhibition of thymidylate synthase by methotrexate-polyglutamates.

Computer modeling has been a valuable tool for clarifying the mechanism of action of antifolates. Some consequences of folyl and antifolyl polyglutamate synthesis can be addressed by adaptation of a network thermodynamic computer model of methotrexate action. Reversal or prevention of methotrexate cytotoxcity by 5-formyltetrahydrofolate has widely been assumed to occur through the delivery of reduced folate in substrate amounts for thymidylate synthesis, bypassing the effects of methotrexate at dihydrofolate reductase. This mechanism is inconsistent with experimental data which shows that “rescue” is a competitive phenomenon and that the transport process is incapable of delivering reduced folate at an adequate rate. Computer modeling studies are presented which predict that expansion of the total folate pool as folylpolyglutamates with “rescue” would reduce the inhibitory effect of MTX on thymidylate synthesis. Dihydrofolate polyglutamates could then accumulate to the high level needed to displace methotrexate from the small fraction of sites on dihydrofolate reductase that are sufficient to sustain tetrahydrofolate synthesis. Experimental studies with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells support this prediction. It is likely that a critical step in the protection of normal host tissues in high dose-rescue treatment regimens is the conversion of exogenously supplied 5-formyltetrahydrofolate to polyglutamyl derivatives and accumulation of total intracellular folate to higher than normal levels. Other computer simulations are presented which examine the potential significance of direct inhibition of thymidylate synthase by polyglutamyl forms of methotrexate. The model predicts that in cells with biochemical properties similar to methotrexate sensitive L1210 cells, inhibiton of dihydrofolate reductase would still be the predominant site of action unless the thymidylate synthase Ki for a methotrexate polyglutamate is below about 0.1 µM. However, in methotrexate-resistant cells with elevated dihydrofolate reductase but normal membrane transport and polyglutamylation, thymidylate synthase may be the more important target enzyme.
My journey in the discovery of nucleotide sugar transporters of the Golgi apparatus.

Defects in protein glycosylation can have a dramatic impact on eukaryotic cells and is associated with mental and developmental pathologies in humans. The studies outlined below illustrate how a basic biochemical problem in the mechanisms of protein glycosylation, specifically substrate transporters of nucleotide sugars, including ATP and 3′-phosphoadenyl-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, expanded into diverse biological systems from mammals, including humans, to yeast, roundworms, and protozoa. Using these diverse model systems allowed my colleagues and me to answer fundamental biological questions that enabled us to formulate far-reaching hypotheses and expanded our knowledge of human diseases caused by malfunctions in the metabolic processes involved.
A multi-method analysis of incompleteness in behavioral treatment of contamination-based OCD.

Abstract Contamination fear and washing compulsions are among the most common symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Though these symptoms have traditionally been viewed as being driven by a desire to avoid harm, recent research has highlighted the importance of feelings of incompleteness (INC) or not-just right experiences (NJREs) in this symptom dimension. However, no study to date has examined the extent to which INC/NJREs may be associated with treatment response for contamination symptoms. The current study used a multi-method approach to examine the role of INC/NJREs in treatment of contamination symptoms. Participants (n = 88) with elevated contamination symptoms, half of whom met for an OCD diagnosis, engaged in three sessions of exposure and response prevention (ERP) targeting contamination fears, and completed self-report and in vivo measures of INC/NJRES and contamination symptoms. ERP was associated with significant reductions in INC/NJREs. Further, changes in INC were associated with changes in contamination symptoms, independent of changes in harm avoidance. Greater discomfort in response to an in vivo NJRE task at pre-treatment predicted poor treatment response, though a self-report measure of INC did not predict response. These findings provide novel evidence for the importance of INC/NJREs in contamination-based OCD and its treatment.
Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Scurvy in a Developmentally Typical Child

No abstract available Keywords: echocardiography; pulmonary hypertension; scurvy; vitamin C.
RAS mutation acquisition at transformation from myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia to predict poor outcome.

7052 Background: Although RAS mutation (m) in de novo MDS has not shown to influence outcome but it does have prognostic value when acquire later in disease course (Takahashi et al. Leukemia. 2013;...
Construction of Multidimensional Electric Energy Meter Abnormal Diagnosis Model Based on Decision Tree Group

With the continuous increase in the number of electricity users, the application of smart energy meter was geometric growth. At present, there are some problems such as simple operation mode, long anomaly discovery period, invalid work, and poor timeliness of fault detection. Based on decision tree group of multidimensional energy meter state inspection technology can effectively solve these problems. this paper designs the state inspection system of the electric energy meter, realizes the comprehensive, intelligent and precise detection and maintenance of the energy meter, reduces the economic cost of manpower,, which based on the diagnosis model of tree group anomaly diagnosis, to solve the problem of on-site calibration, check no goals and other issues, improve the scientific and effective operation of the power grid.
Traceability of high voltage AC power/energy measurements for the electrical power industry

The presentation focuses on trade metrology issues and opportunities in the energy sector, in particular the electrical energy sector in Canada arising from the worldwide deregulation of energy industries and the establishment of trading blocks and free trade zones. The need for a measurement assurance program for electric power and energy to address these issues and opportunities, and its economic impact in a deregulated market was discussed. The role of NRC/INMS in assisting a deregulated electric power industry by providing traceability of power/energy measurements under several different operating conditions will be highlighted.
Transparency, representationalism, and visual noise

Those who endorse the twin theses of transparency and representationalism with regard to visual experience hold that the qualities we are aware of in such experience are, all of them, apparently possessed by external objects. They hold, therefore, that we are not introspectively aware of any qualities of visual experience itself. In this paper I argue that attention to visual noise—also known as ‘eigenlicht’ or ‘eigengrau’—puts pressure on both of these theses, though in different ways. Phenomenally, visual noise does not even seem to belong to any external objects, which is a challenge to transparency. Moreover, visual noise is not the normal visual response to any distinctive external property, such as external graininess. Nor is it treated by our visual system as the perception of any such property. Given extant views of visual representation, it is therefore implausible to claim that it is the transparent representation of any such property.
Microwave Imaging by Deep Learning Network: Feasibility and Training Method

Microwave image reconstruction based on a deep learning method is investigated in this article. The neural network is capable of converting measured microwave signals acquired from a $24 \times 24$ antenna array at 4 GHz into a $128 \times 128$ image. To reduce the training difficulty, we first developed an autoencoder by which high-resolution images ( $128 \times 128$ ) were represented with $256 \times 1$ vectors; then we developed the second neural network which aimed to map microwave signals to the compressed features ( $256 \times 1$ vector). Two neural networks can be combined to a full network to make reconstructions, when both are successfully developed. The present two-stage training method reduces the difficulty in training deep learning networks (DLNs) for inverse reconstruction. The developed neural network is validated by simulation examples and experimental data with objects in different shapes/sizes, placed in different locations, and with dielectric constant ranging from 2 to 6. Comparisons between the imaging results achieved by the present method and two conventional approaches: distorted Born iterative method (DBIM) and phase confocal method (PCM) are also provided.
Discharge and ground electrode design considerations for the lightning strike damage tolerance assessment of CFRP matrix composite laminates

Abstract Lightning strike damage tolerance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is prone to misinterpretation. This study demonstrates that the design of lightning strike testbeds can be a major cause of the misinterpretation. The risk of misinterpretation originates from the lack of standards clearly defining testbed design requirements including electrode size and ground electrode edge configuration. Here we report the impact of electrode size and ground electrode edge configuration on the damage characteristics of CFRP matrix composite laminates caused by simulated lightning strikes. The results suggest that the level of damage is influenced by discharge current amplitude, discharge diameter, and the existence of electrical insulation covering ground electrode edges. Specifically, the damage increases with increasing discharge current amplitude and decreasing discharge diameter. Most importantly, we report that electrically insulating the edges of ground electrode prevents lightning discharge current from bypassing CFRP matrix composite laminate samples and directly striking the ground electrode. Experiments conducted without electrically insulating the edges resulted in considerably lower sample damages than those resulted from experiments conducted with the electrically insulated ground electrode edges. Our findings suggest that electrode size and ground electrode edge configuration have significant influence on the results of lightning strike experiments.
Ultrasonic search for the floppy-rigid transition in bulk se 1–x ge x glasses

No transitions occur in the room temperature longitudinal and transverse elastic constants of Se 1-x Ge x glasses up to × = 0.30. The transverse elastic constant appears to saturate near × = 0.25. These results contradict a random network model for these glasses which predicts a transition at × p =0.20, but they are not inconsistent with a molecular cluster model.
Short- and long-term outcomes after concurrent splenectomy during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Abstract Objective Splenectomy is often performed during open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair, because capsular tears are common and can be associated with significant bleeding. It is unknown whether splenectomy affects the short- or long-term outcomes after TAAA repair. Methods All open type I to IV TAAA repairs performed from 1987 to June 2015 were evaluated using a single institutional database. The primary endpoints were in-hospital death, major adverse events (MAE) and long-term survival. The secondary endpoint was hospital length of stay (LOS). All repairs performed for aneurysm rupture were excluded. Univariate analysis was conducted using the Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. Logistic and linear multivariable regression were used for the in-hospital endpoints, and survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards modeling and Kaplan-Meier techniques. Results A total of 649 patients met the study inclusion criteria. Of the 649 patients, 150 (23%) underwent concurrent splenectomy (CS) and six required emergency splenectomy secondary to bleeding postoperatively, leading to 156 cases of total in-hospital splenectomy. The perioperative mortality rate was 5.2% in the CS group and 5.2% in the non-CS group (P = 1.0). MAE were experienced by 48% of the CS patients compared with 34% of the non-CS patients (P = .003). Multivariable analysis revealed splenectomy was not independently predictive of perioperative death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-2.23; P = .9). However, splenectomy was independently associated with any MAE (adjusted odds ratio, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.19-2.65; P = .005). Splenectomy was also associated with a longer length of stay (+5.39 days; 95% CI, 1.86-8.92; P = .003). No survival difference was found between the cohorts in the total splenectomy cohort in the unadjusted (log-rank P = 1.0) or adjusted (splenectomy adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.35; P = .9). Conclusions CS during open TAAA repair did not lead to increased perioperative mortality but did lead to significantly increased perioperative morbidity and longer hospital lengths of stay. We found no difference in long-term survival outcomes when CS was performed. Splenectomy during TAAA repair did not affect long-term survival.
Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Cigarettes on Systemic Circulation and Blood-Brain Barrier: Implications for Cognitive Decline.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (often known as e-cigarettes) are a novel tobacco product with growing popularity, particularly among younger demographics. The implications for public health are twofold, as these products may represent a novel source of tobacco-associated disease but may also provide a harm reduction strategy for current tobacco users. There is increasing recognition that e-cigarettes impact vascular function across multiple organ systems. Herein, we provide a comparison of evidence regarding the role of e-cigarettes versus combustible tobacco in vascular disease and implications for blood-brain barrier dysfunction and cognitive decline. Multiple non-nicotinic components of tobacco smoke have been identified in e-cigarette aerosol, and their involvement in vascular disease is discussed. In addition, nicotine and nicotinic signaling may modulate peripheral immune and endothelial cell populations in a highly context-dependent manner. Direct preclinical evidence for electronic nicotine delivery system–associated neurovascular impairment is provided, and a model is proposed in which non-nicotinic elements exert a proinflammatory effect that is functionally antagonized by the presence of nicotine.
Crowdfunding under Social Learning and Network Externalities

In rewards-based crowdfunding, a firm (campaigner) pre-sells a new product and solicits financial contributions from the crowd (consumers) to cover production costs. When a crowdfunding product with uncertain quality is first introduced, consumers may choose to strategically delay their purchase in anticipation of product quality reviews. This paper investigates how the presence of both social learning and network externalities affects the strategic interaction between a crowdfunding firm and forward-looking consumers. Our research yields three main insights. First, we find that in the presence of social learning and strong network externalities, an upward-sloping demand curve may arise. This so-called Veblen effect occurs due to the interaction between social learning and strong network externalities. Second, we show that network externalities have important implications for the optimal crowdfunding reward choice. In particular, under strong network externalities, the optimal reward will induce all consumers to either adopt the product early or adopt the product late; whereas under weak network externalities, the consumers will possibly adopt the products in different periods. Third, we characterize the optimal reward strategy under financial constraints and quantify its impact on the optimal reward choice and the induced purchase pattern from consumers. These insights provide useful guidance on how firms can exploit the benefits of crowdfunding.
The Relationships Among Vocal Variability, Vocal-Articulatory Coordination, and Dysphonia in Children.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between vocal variability and variability of vocal-articulatory coordination in children. Furthermore, this study examined if this relationship was impacted by pediatric dysphonia. Study Design Retrospective analysis of speech samples in the Arizona Child Acoustic Database. Methods Speech samples from children 2–7 years of age were selected for analysis. Vocal variability was defined as the coefficient of variation (CoV) of fundamental frequency, taken from the center of sustained vowels. Variability of vocal-articulatory coordination was defined as the CoV of voice onset time (VOT) of voiceless stop consonants. Both objective and subjective measures of dysphonia were completed for each participant. Results Children had a negative correlation between VOT variability and vocal variability. Further analysis indicated that this relationship was present in children with typical developmental levels of dysphonia but absent for children with moderate to severe dysphonia. Increased dysphonia severity was associated with increased vocal variability. Conclusion Increased VOT variability was associated with decreased vocal variability in children with dysphonia severities consistent with typical vocal development. However, this relationship was not present in children with moderate to severe dysphonia. This study suggests that future work is needed to examine the relationships between the vocal system and vocal-articulatory coordination in children with and without diagnosed voice disorders.
Osteochondroma and Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas

Osteochondroma is the most common bone tumor, mainly affecting patients under 20 years of age. It presents in 90% of the cases as a solitary lesion. The remaining cases are part of the multiple hereditary osteochondromas syndrome. The pathogenesis is not entirely clear. Osteochondromas usually develop at the metaphysis of long bones. Malignant transformation is rare in solitary lesions, but more common in hereditary syndromes. Solitary osteochondromas are asymptomatic and may be diagnosed incidentally through X-rays. Differential diagnosis includes benign and malignant lesions.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound For Differentiating Ileocolic From Small Bowel-Small Bowel Intussusception.

Abstract Background Intussusception is a common pediatric emergency. The two types of intussusception are ileocolic intussusception (ICI) and small bowel–small bowel intussusception (SB-SBI), and neither are easily distinguished clinically. ICI requires radiology personnel and potentially surgical assistance for its reduction. SB-SBI is managed expectantly, as many resolve spontaneously. Differentiating between ICI and SB-SBI through point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) requires an understanding of their salient features. Identification of the correct type of intussusception immediately assists decision making and patient disposition. Objective of the Review Our objective was to provide guidance on POCUS technique for intussusception identification, and to review the ultrasound literature differentiating ICI from SB-SBI. Methods We systematically searched 3 separate databases and gray literature to identify articles that met our criteria and assessed them for final review. The final articles were graded for quality using The National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Results A total of 858 articles were identified. Six articles were included in the final review. All studies were conducted in pediatric patients in different countries. Most were found to have a fair quality of evidence. The linear transducer is used when evaluating intussusception. Both ICI and SB-SBI are identified easily on POCUS, but they differ sonographically with respect to region within the abdomen, intussusception parameters, lymph nodes, and other salient features seen on real-time video. Conclusions ICI and SB-SBI can be identified and differentiated using several sonographic features. POCUS is capable of expeditiously aiding the emergency physician's decision making and disposition when managing intussusception.
A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) predaceous on Adelgidae (Hemiptera), with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with Pinaceae-feeding Sternorrhyncha

A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) is described, namely Leucotaraxis gen. nov. (type species Leucopis atrifacies Aldrich; other included species Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), comb. nov., Leucotaraxis piniperda (Malloch), comb. nov., and Leucotaraxis sepiola sp. nov.). These species are predators of Adelgidae (Hemiptera) infesting Pinaceae. Leucotaraxis argenticollis is Holarctic, while the other three species are Nearctic. The phylogeny of Leucotaraxis with other representatives of Chamaemyiidae was elucidated using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences and the genus was found to be monophyletic. Egg and puparial stages are discussed or described and illustrated for all species except Leucotaraxis sepiola. A key is provided to all species of Chamaemyiidae known to attack Pinaceae-infesting Sternorrhyncha, an annotated list of these taxa is provided, and a habitus photograph is provided for each genus with such species. In addition, a lectotype is designated for Leucopis olivacea Meijere, and it is synonymized under Neoleucopis obscura (Haliday), syn. nov.
Identification, using sera from exposed animals, of putative viral antigens in livers of primates with callitrichid hepatitis.

Abstract Callitrichid hepatitis (CH) is an acute, frequently fatal viral hepatitis which affects members of the primate family Callitrichidae (R. J. Montali, E. C. Ramsay, C. B. Stephensen, M. Worley, J. A. Davis, and K. V. Holmes, J. Infect. Dis. 160:759-765, 1989; E. C. Ramsay, R. J. Montali, M. Worley, C. B. Stephensen, and K. V. Holmes, J. Zoo Wildlife Med. 20:178-183, 1989). Outbreaks of the disease occur in zoos and animal parks. In this study, CH-specific antigens were identified in the livers of infected animals by using immune sera from primates with CH and CH-exposed asymptomatic animals. Three CH-specific antigens with apparent molecular masses of 34, 54, and 65 kDa were identified. A polyclonal antiserum was raised against the 54-kDa antigen. These antigens were not found in the livers of uninfected animals and may be viral proteins. Our results suggest that at least five of the six outbreaks of CH considered here were caused by the same virus or by an antigenically related virus.
Preventing Newborn Falls

Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program In fiscal year 2012, six newborn falls were reported at Anne Arundel Medical Center (AAMC). As a result of this disturbing trend, the Mother/Baby Quality Council developed a Newborn Falls Prevention Task Force. The goals of the task force were to identify factors associated with newborn falls and make recommendations to reduce newborn falls. Proposed Change After reviewing the literature, examining and analyzing the information related to the falls in our hospital, and attending the 2013 Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) convention, we developed a plan which included the following: (a) create the expectation that nurses and patient care technicians discuss newborn falls prevention with parents at least once every 12‐hour shift; (b) develop patient handouts related to infant safety, including falls prevention; (c) create signage for patient rooms to remind parents not to fall asleep with newborns in their beds; (d) create signage for postpartum units indicating the number of days since the last newborn fall; (e) discuss newborn falls at staff meetings and quality council meetings. We decided not to implement hourly rounding because one of our newborns was dropped by the mother within 20 minutes of the nurse leaving the room. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Staff members were kept informed of the new program and our progress through e‐mails and staff meetings. In fiscal year 2013, the number of falls reported was two, which was before our program was fully implemented in June 2013. In fiscal year 2014, we had one newborn fall. So far in fiscal year 2015, we have not had any newborn falls. Implications for Nursing Practice On a mother/infant unit where newborns stay with their mothers for approximately 23 hours per day, a newborn falls prevention program that focuses on parent, family, and staff education can be effective in reducing newborn falls.
Utilization and service: Decomposing nuclear reactor capacity factors☆

Abstract Statistical analyses of electricity generation productivity have focused on the capacity factor, i.e., the ratio of realized to potential output. Here, the capacity factor is decomposed into the capacity utilization rate (output when the reactor is operating) and the service factor (the percent of operating time). Elasticities of capacity factor, utilization rate, service factor, and the forced outage rate with respect to reactor size and age are estimated for fuel cycles of four reactor manufacturers, controlling for changes in the industry after the accident at Three Mile Island in 1979. While the service factor decreases with size for all reactor makes, the increase in the capacity utilization rate yields a positive relationship between size and the capacity factor for boiling water reactors. Age has no consistent influence. Only Babcock & Wilcox (the manufacturer of TMI) reactors experienced a significant decrease in productivity after 1979.
Plato's Parmenides

Among Plato's later dialogues, the Parmenides is one of the most significant. Not only a document of profound philosophical importance in its own right, it also contributes to the understanding of Platonic dialogues that followed it, and it exhibits the foundations of the physics and ontology that Aristotle offered in his Physics and Metaphysics VII. In this book, R.E. Allen provides a superb translation of the Parmenides along with a structural analysis that procedes on the assumption that formal elements, logical and dramatic, are important to its interpretation and that the argument of the Parmenides is aporetic, a statement of metaphysical perplexities. Allen's original translation of and commentary on the Parmenides were published in 1983 to great acclaim and have now been revised by the author.
A graph partitioning approach for robot assembly sequences generation

The problem of automatically finding all the feasible assembly sequences for a set of n parts that construct a mechanical object is presented. A novel method which is feasible and practical in generating all the feasible assembly sequences when the number of parts is greatly increased is proposed. Generally, to generate all the assembly sequences, the precedence-logical forms are obtained from the answers of relation between a pair of parts (which is called liaison) consecutively questioned by a design engineer, and the assembly sequences are deduced by logic induction. An efficient network partitioning and pattern-matching operation to obtain precedence relations of the parts is proposed. This approach results in only n questions to be answered for a one-fixture assembly system. The proposed method shows feasibility and economy for a large number of parts assembly. Detailed algorithms, analysis, and examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. >
A culturally sensitive case-management model: the experience of Southeast Asian refugees in Washington State, USA

Generally, as people move from one culture to another, the former culture always makes a cultural imprint on the new one. Attempts to create a clean break from the former culture are often difficult if not impossible. This is particularly true in terms of values and cultural beliefs. The immigrants' perception toward the purpose and nature of public welfare is no exception to this rule, and as a result, their attitude toward the issues of welfare utilization is often influenced by the recipients' cultural background. This is an important factor that needs to be taken into consideration in the formulation and operation of an effective case management system geared at an ethnic clientele. This paper provides a general description of a model implemented in Washington State, USA. This model attempts to address both the issue of cultural sensitivity of case management and the need of the transitional support services for refugee recipients once they leave the welfare system.
Split Scenes, Converging Visions: The Ethical Terrains Where PAR and Borderlands Scholarship Meet

This paper examines theoretical linkages between Anzaldua’s borderland scholarship, in particular the notion of mestiza consciousness, and participatory action research. Two studies with high school and college co-researchers falling along different points of the PAR spectrum are described to illustrate these conceptual linkages. Points in the process including critical decisions in crafting questions and conducting actions, reflections on who are the knowledge holders and producers, and struggles with responsibilities and vulnerabilities doing this work, are discussed through a lens of mestiza consciousness.
The sensitivity of single air parcel trajectory calculations to starting elevation

Abstract Trajectory models are frequently used to characterize the atmospheric transport pathways for airborne gases and aerosols. Users of these models must specify a starting elevation for their calculations. The variation of wind with altitude causes trajectory models to be sensitive to the starting elevation, particularly when single trajectories rather than Lagrangian particle dispersion simulations are used to characterize atmospheric transport. In this work we systematically investigate and quantify the sensitivity of single trajectory calculations to the starting elevation. The analysis was based on an eight-year database of daily, 48-h back-trajectories calculated for ten sites. Trajectories were calculated at four different starting elevations, and the horizontal difference between endpoints was determined for five upwind travel times. Trajectory model calculations were found to be strongly sensitive to starting elevation. A 500 m difference in starting elevation leads to an average horizontal separation of 326 km after 48 h. Mean horizontal separations of 627 km and 886 km were found for starting elevation differences of 1000 m and 1500 m, respectively. A seasonal dependence of the sensitivity was found, with the smallest separations occurring during the summer, the largest during winter, and intermediate values during the fall and spring. A linear relationship was observed between trajectory model sensitivity and difference in starting elevation. Empirical equations were presented to approximate this relationship.
Spatial variability of surface irradiance measurements at the Manus ARM site

The location of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site on Manus island was chosen because it is very close to the coast, in a flat, near–sea level area of the island, hopefully minimizing the impact of local island effects on the meteorology of the measurements. In this study, we confirm that the Manus site is indeed less impacted by the island meteorology than slightly inland by comparing over a year of broadband surface irradiance and ceilometer measurements and derived quantities at the standard Manus site and a second location 7 km away as part of the ARM Madden Julian Oscillation Investigation Experiment (AMIE)-Manus campaign. The two sites show statistically similar distributions of irradiance and other derived quantities for all wind directions except easterly winds, when the inland site is downwind from the standard Manus site. Under easterly wind conditions, which occur 17% of the time, there is a higher occurrence of cloudiness at the downwind site likely due to land heating and orographic effects. This increased cloudiness is caused by scattered clouds often with bases around 700 m in altitude. While the central Manus site consistently measures a frequency of occurrence of low clouds (cloud base height less than 1200 m) about 25% of the time regardless of wind direction, the AMIE site has higher frequencies of low clouds (38%) when winds are from the east. This increase in low, locally produced clouds causes an additional −20W/m2shortwave surface cloud radiative effect at the AMIE site than the Manus site.
Large deflections of tapered cantilever beams

Abstract The non-linear bending equation for a slender, tapered cantilever beam with a perpendicular load applied at the tip, undergoing large deflections, is solved by computer methods. Solutions are carried out for both rectangular and round cross-sections, for varying degrees of taper and are compared with values obtained by laboratory tests. Sets of deflection curves are also obtained. Using the curves obtained herein, the stress at any point in the beam may be computed.
The effectiveness of several types of ingratiation techniques following argument

The hypothesis was tested that requesting a small favor is an effective means of re-establishing a favorable relationship following an argument. Experimental conditions consisted of (1) request of a favor, (2) offer of a favor, (3) apology, (4) apology and favor request, (5) apology and favor offer. The effect of the stimulus person on the S was most positive in the ask-favor condition.
Thermal stability of TiSi2 films on single crystal and polycrystalline silicon

The stability of selectively formed TiSi2 films on single crystal and polycrystalline silicon layers at elevated process temperatures is reported. Extensive electrical and analytical studies were performed to understand the high-temperature stability of TiSi2 films as a function of (i) substrate dopant concentration, (ii) titanium silicide thickness, (iii) silicide formation sequence, and (iv) silicide post-processing steps. It is shown that all four process variations have a profound influence on the thermal stability of TiSi2 films. It is observed that titanium silicide films formed on single crystal silicon are stable at higher processing temperatures compared to those formed on polysilicon substrates under similar conditions. The degradation of high-temperature stability of TiSi2 films on polycrystalline silicon can be related to increased number of defects and grain boundaries. It is shown that TiSi2 films can be successfully used in silicon integrated circuit applications where the post-silicide processing temperatures do not exceed 1000 °C.
Cancer fatalism among african-americans: A review of the literature

Historically, the health status of African-Americans has been significantly lower when compared with the general population. Too often, attempts to explain and understand this occurrence have focused on factors such as poverty, decreased access, under-education, and decreased knowledge of cancer. Despite the providing of screening at reduced costs or educational interventions, the screening rates for African-Americans remains lower than that of the general population. Cancer fatalism is believed to be an additional barrier to participation in screening for this population. Previous research findings can raise the consciousness of nursing professionals about the influence of cancer fatalism. There are no easy solutions, and much additional research is needed.
Biomimetics Microfluidic Tactile Sensor Array

Tactile sensors are the interfaces to detect the physical properties of objects and have extensive applications in robotic sensing, biomechanics, minimally invasive surgery and human prosthetics [1]. For human prosthetics applications, the current prosthetic hand can offer only the manipulation function. With the sensing being part of the prosthetic hand, the user can get feedback from the prosthetic. This feeling can help users decrease their dependency on visual information and have better body control on weight balancing and signal limb stance.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Neonatal Hemochromatosis, Renal Tubular Dysgenesis, and Hypocalvaria in a Neonate

We report a neonate with neonatal hemochromatosis (NH), renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), and hypocalvaria. NH is a fatal condition of the newborn, characterized by severe idiopathic liver failure of intrauterine onset and siderosis, intra- and extrahepatic, with sparing of the reticuloendothelial system. RTD is characterized by short, abnormally developed cortical tubules that lack proximal tubule differentiation. Although both NH and RTD have been reported as entities with a genetic component, similar findings can be secondary to in utero insults. Hypocalvaria has been reported in association with fetal hypoxia including that secondary to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. This 38-week-old infant died at 8.5 h. The small nodular liver weighed 44 g. Grossly, the kidneys were normal. Hypocalvaria was present. Microscopically, the hepatic parenchyma was distorted by fibrous tracts, proliferation of bile ducts, and abundant iron deposition in hepatocytes. Extrahepatic siderosis in the pancreas, myocardium, and other organs was consistent with NH. Proximal convoluted tubules were not seen on routine stains and markers for proximal tubules were negative. Previous reports have linked NH with RTD and RTD with hypocalvaria. This infant had all three of these rare conditions, which have been hypothesized or shown to be due to genetic factors, hypoxia, or drugs. The etiology in this case is unknown.
Femur fractures in relatively low speed frontal crashes: The possible role of muscle forces

In a sample of relatively low speed frontal collisions (mean collision speed change of 40.7 kph) the only major injury suffered by the partly or fully restrained occupant was a femur fracture. However, femur load measurements from standardized barrier crash tests for similar vehicles at a greater speed change (mean of 56.3 kph) showed that in almost all the cases, the occupant's femur would not have fractured because the loads were below fracture threshold. In order to address this discrepancy, the load in the femurs of the occupants in the crash sample were estimated and compared with the femur fracture threshold. Femur load was estimated by inspecting the scene and measuring deformations in each vehicle, defining occupant points of contact and interior surface intrusion, and calculating crash change in velocity and deceleration. From this data, the measured femoral loads from standardized crash test data in a comparable vehicle were scaled to the actual crash by considering crash deceleration, occupant weight, and restraint use. All the occupants (7 males, average age 26.7 years, 13 females, average age 36 years) sustained at least a transverse midshaft fracture of the femur with comminution, which is characteristic of axial compressive impact, causing bending and impaction of the femur. However, the estimated average maximum axial load was 8187 N (S.D. = 4343N), and the average probability for fracture was only 19% (based on the femur fracture risk criteria). In 13 crashes the fracture probability was less than 10%. Two factors were considered to explain the discrepancy. The occupant's femur was out of position (typically the driver's right front leg on the brake) and did not impact the knee bolster, instead hitting stiffer regions of the dashboard. Also, since most victims were drivers with their foot on the brake to avoid the collision, additional compressive force on the femur probably resulted from muscle contraction due to bracing for impact. Adding the estimated muscle load on the femur to the estimated external load increased the femur loads beyond threshold, explaining the fracture in all but one case. Since crash tests using dummies cannot simulate out of position occupants or muscle contraction loading, they may underestimate the total load acting on the femur during actual impacts where the driver is bracing for the crash. These results may have implications for altering knee bolster design to accommodate out of position occupants and the additional load caused by muscle forces during bracing.