cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inherited Hyperammonemic Syndromes

The term congenital hyperammonemia is generic, and the condition can be caused by inborn deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes, by some disorders of ornithine and lysine metabolism, and by some inborn errors of branched-chain amino acid catabolism. Ammonia toxicity produces similar clinical manifestations in all disorders causing hyperammonemia. The toxicity is primarily neurological, other metabolic consequences of hyperammonemia being less serious. Electroencephalographic changes, metabolic disturbances, disruption of neuronal microtubules, and histopathological appearance of Alzheimer type II astrocyte nuclei all occur with experimental as well as clinical hyperammonemia. When blood ammonia levels are excessive, particularly with alkalosis, fever, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia, there is irrationality, irritability, gastrointestinal upset, alternating hypotonia and hypertonia, convulsions, coma, and death. The early effects of hyperammonemia are reversible, but recurrent or persistent hyperammonemia can result in irreversible brain damage in those who survive. Characteristic aggravation or precipitation of symptoms by increased dietary protein or constipation, or a history of protein aversion, should raise the suspicion of hyperammonemia. After the confirmation of hyperammonemia, the precise biochemical diagnosis will require testing for abnormalities of blood and urine amino acids, and may require assays for specific enzymes in blood cells, cultured cells, or even liver biopsies. Treatment is by restriction of protein intake and prevention of constipation. Moderately severe hyperammonemia can be successfully treated with a low protein diet, perhaps supplemented by lactulose or other cathartic therapy. Severe hyperammonia is lethal in the newborn period, and attempts at treatment have often been unsuccessful. Prevention of recurrence is possible by genetic counseling and by antenatal diagnosis of some of these disorders.
How White Parents of Black and Multiracial Transracially Adopted Children Approach Racial Exposure and Neighborhood Choice

Although past research on racial socialization tends to concentrate on providing cultural knowledge and pride, this paper focuses on exposure to environments as a means of understanding preparation...
Utility of MRI for Characterizing Articular Cartilage Pathology in Dogs with Medial Coronoid Process Disease.

Objective: To determine whether assessment of morphological MRI sequences or delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) would have strong correlations with arthroscopic assessment of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring medial compartment pathology of the elbow. Methods: Dogs tentatively diagnosed with medial coronoid disease had evaluation of their affected elbows using radiography, morphological MRI sequences, and dGEMRIC MRI evaluation prior to arthroscopy. Elbow radiographs were graded 0-6 for severity of changes. Cartilage of the medial coronoid process (MCP) and humeral trochlea were scored on a 0-3 scale using anatomical MRI sequences. The T1 relaxation times for the MCP and trochlea were quantified using dGEMRIC. Cartilage pathology was graded arthroscopically using a modified Outerbridge score (MOS) by a surgeon blinded to MRI assessment. Correlations between radiography and MOS, and between MRI and MOS, were quantified. Results: Twenty-six elbows in 14 dogs were evaluated. There were statistically significant (p0.05). There was a weak but significant correlation between the dGEMRIC value and MOS of the MCP (r = 0.41; p0.05). Clinical relevance: Statistically significant correlations to MOS were identified for both radiography and MRI but neither diagnostic modality provided sufficiently strong correlations to serve as a substitute for arthroscopic evaluation of the articular cartilage.
Vertebroplastie und Kyphoplastie bei osteoporotischen Wirbelkörperfrakturen : Gesicherte Kenntnisse, offene Fragen

Die Zementoplastie, entweder als perkutane Vertebro- oder Kyphoplastie ausgefuhrt, hat sich als effiziente Technik fur die Behandlung schmerzhafter Wirbelkorperfrakturen etabliert. Sie hat geringe Komplikationsraten, ist erfolgreich bei der Schmerzlinderung und verbessert die Mobilitat und Lebensqualitat der Patienten. Allerdings ist eine Reihe von Fragen noch offen oder Gegenstand einer kontroversen Debatte, so sind z. B. die Ergebnisse vieler biomechanischer Studien z. T. widerspruchlich. Die klinische Datenlage zur Frage der Anschlussfrakturen ist ebenfalls noch unzureichend, allerdings zeigt die Mehrheit der Studien keine erhohte Rate von Anschlussfrakturen nach Therapie mit einer Zementoplastie im Vergleich zum naturlichen Verlauf von Patienten mit osteoporotischen Frakturen. Die Kyphoplastie hat den Vorteil, die Hohe des Wirbelkorpers wieder herstellen bzw. den Kyphosewinkel reduzieren zu konnen, ohne dass dies zu unterschiedlichen klinischen Ergebnissen im Vergleich zur Vertebroplastie fuhrt. Biomechanische Uberlegungen, dass eine Wiederherstellung der normalen Form des Wirbelkorpers die Rate der Anschlussfrakturen vermindern konnte, bedurfen der wissenschaftlichen Untermauerung. In unserer Klinik werden beide Methoden angewendet. Die Kyphoplastie erscheint uns indiziert, wenn die Hohe des anterioren Anteils des Wirbelkorpers um 1/3 gegenuber der Norm reduziert ist oder ein Kyphosewinkel von mehr als 15–20° vorliegt. Ziele der Therapie sind die Wiederherstellung der Form und die Reduktion des Kyphosewinkels. Dies kann allerdings nur bei Frakturen gelingen, die nicht alter als 3 Wochen sind. In allen anderen Fallen erfolgt eine Vertebroplastie.
110 Post-injury ptsd and depression in seriously injured urban black men

Purpose To describe the burden of post-injury PTSD and depression and the contribution of injury and acute stress responses to PTSD and depression severity 3 months post-discharge. Methods/Approach 607 seriously injured Black men were enrolled during hospitalisation for injury. 474 have completed follow-up 3 months post-discharge at the time of analysis. Demographics, injury characteristics (mechanism, injury severity), and acute stress responses: Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ), Peri-traumatic Distress Inventory (PDI), Rand Peri-traumatic Dissociation Questionnaire (Rand), were collected in hospital. PTSD (PCL-5) and Depression (QIDSsr16) were collected 3 months post-discharge in the participant’s home, with higher scores reflecting more severe symptoms. Linear regression was used to identify characteristics associated with PTSD and depression symptom severity. Results Mean age 36.8 years (SD15.6). Mean Injury Severity 9.2 (SD7.5). 53% violent and 47% unintentional injury. 137 (28.8%) had PTSD and 169 (35.7%) had depression at 3 months. Significant correlates (p Conclusion Injury characteristics and acute psychological stress responses contribute to PTSD and depression at 3 months after discharge with the acute stress responses accounting for the largest part of variance. Understanding early for psychological responses to injury can help to guide comprehensive care for those at highest risk for post-injury PTSD and depression. Significance/Contribution Limited attention is paid to the psychological effects of the injury. For Black men who sustain serious injury, returning home from the hospital with unrecognised psychological consequences contributes to sub-optimal recovery. PTSD and depression may have behavioural manifestations that contribute to injury recidivism, self-medication for symptoms, or interactions with the criminal justice system.
Linking OCT, Angiographic, and Photographic Lesion Components in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose To develop methods to make precise comparisons of specific retinal features between and within spectral-domain (SD) OCT images, color fundus photography (CFP) images, and fluorescein angiography (FA) images in eyes treated with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design Retrospective study. Participants Patients with good study-eye images at the 104-week visit in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials. Methods Graders reviewed CFP and FA images and delineated areas of fibrotic or nonfibrotic scar and geographic atrophy (GA) or non-GA. Other graders reviewed SD-OCT images and delineated retinal and subretinal lesion characteristics. Using newly developed custom software and graphic user interfaces, the presence and thickness of each feature at each pixel on the en face view was determined. Main Outcome Measures Spectral-domain OCT findings versus CFP and FA lesion components from regional overlays. Results Per-eye distribution and thickness of SD-OCT features within CFP- and FA-established areas of scar and atrophy can be determined precisely, can be displayed in multiple formats, and can be extracted into pixel-specific data sets. These methods enable statistical analysis of imaging results within eyes and across eyes of different patients. For example, photoreceptor loss, subretinal lesion material, and thicknesses of photoreceptor layer and subretinal material across those SD-OCT features can be related precisely to CFP and FA regions of scar or atrophy. Conclusions Methods to integrate qualitative and quantitative retinal and subretinal changes to coincide with photographic and angiographic designations of the nAMD lesion areas and sequelae are integral for accurate assessments of posttreatment retinal morphologic features. These may lead to better understanding of disease progression and improved treatment strategies.
Mini Monomer Encapsulated Emulsion Polymerization of PMMA Using Aqueous ARGET ATRP

A new emulsion polymerization based on Activators Regenerated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ARGET ATRP) has been developed to produce poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The critical components of single-pot synthesis via a mini Monomer Encapsulated ARGET ATRP emulsion polymerization will be discussed. In this method, monomer is isolated in a micelle by pre-emulsification in a nonionic surfactant through high power stirring while acetone is introduced to the polymerization to aid in reactant transport and tetrabutylammonium salts are used as phase transfer agents. Polymerizations using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) were more controlled and demonstrated low Đ (Mw/Mn 1.50). First-order linear kinetics for MMA polymerizations at 100 mM TBAB was demonstrated, while the reactions deviated from linearity at higher concentrations of TBAB and all concentrations of TBAC.
On the existence of disintegrations

Whether, with respect to every partition of the unit square, S, consisting of Borel subsets of S, Lebesgue measure on S admits a countably additive disintegration, is undecidable with the usual axioms for set theory. Also reported herein: There are Borel partitions of S with respect to which, Lebesgue measure admits no proper, integrable disintegrations, not even one that is finitely additive.
The Artificial Synthesis of New Life Forms In Relation to Social and Industrial Evolution

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the artificial synthesis of new life forms in relation to social and industrial evolution. Over the past few decades, there has been an enormous proliferation of both experimental and theoretical techniques for studying biological systems at all levels of organization. Industry and society are not independent entities, but they are sufficiently separate that one can rationally discuss the effect of a change in society upon industry, and vice versa. Thus, the invention and industrial production of motor cars has largely destroyed the compact mercantile cities which depended upon canals, railways and horse drawn transport, and is giving rise to a bureaucratic megalopolis fading into suburban areas, the increasing dilution of close lifelong relationships among individuals living in a specific area, and an increase in reliance upon the nuclear family and transient human contact. It is easy to see that substantial employment of life-synthesis and genetic engineering will act directly upon society, industry or both, and lead to a further stage in the rapid social and industrial evolution that has characterized the last 100 years.
The association between facility case volume and overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the targeted therapy era

Abstract Background Improved overall survival of cancer patients treated by high-volume providers has been reported in surgical oncology and radiation oncology literature. Whether this volume-outcome association exists in medical oncology-managed metastatic solid tumors is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of facility case volume (FCV) on overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) diagnosed in the targeted therapy era. Materials and methods Adult patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2006 and 2015 were identified in the National Cancer Database. The primary exposure was FCV, which was defined by mRCC case volume of each treating facility. The association between FCV and all-cause mortality in mRCC was investigated in multivariable Cox regression model and validated with inverse propensity-score weighting method. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors for treatment at high-volume facilities. Covariates adjusted for were sociodemographics, tumor characteristics and treatment modalities. Results There were 31,329 mRCC patients identified. The mean follow-up time was 14.3 months. When FCV was coded as a continuous variable, each increment of 10 mRCC cases/y was associated with reduced all-cause mortality after baseline covariates adjustment [adjusted hazard ratio: 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.96, P value: Conclusions Patients diagnosed with mRCC in the targeted therapy era have improved overall survival when treated at high mRCC-volume facilities, suggesting a volume-outcome association in medical oncology-managed metastatic solid tumors.
Automatic Monitor-Based Tuning of an RF Silicon Photonic 1X4 Asymmetric Binary Tree True-Time-Delay Beamforming Network

Photonic beamforming networks are promising candidates to achieve power-efficient transmission in future cellular communication systems. However, sensitivity to process and temperature variations necessitates an automatic calibration solution to enable robust operation. This paper demonstrates fully automatic monitor-based tuning of an integrated optical ring resonator-based 1X4 asymmetric binary tree optical beamforming network (OBFN). The proposed monitor-based tuning algorithm compensates fabrication variations and thermal crosstalk by controlling micro-heaters individually using information from electrical monitors. This algorithm is demonstrated on an OBFN that operates at 30 GHz with 2 GHz bandwidth and is fabricated in a standard silicon photonics foundry process. Successful calibration of the OBFN from a severely degraded initial response to the well-defined group delay responses required for a targeted radiating angle over 60 $^{\circ }$ (−30 $^{\circ }$ to 30 $^{\circ }$ ) in a linear beamforming antenna array is achieved. This fully automatic tuning approach opens the possibility of employing silicon OBFNs in real wideband mm-wave wireless communication systems.
User-centric classification of virtual reality locomotion

Traveling in a virtual world, while confined in the real world requires a virtual reality locomotion (VRL) method. VRL remains an issue because of three fundamental challenges, sickness, presence, and fatigue. We propose a User-Centric Classification (UCC) of VRL methods based on a method's ability to address these challenges. UCC provides a framework to discuss and compare different VRL methods and to examine performance trade-offs. We designed and implemented a testbed to study several VRL methods, and initial results demonstrated the effectiveness of the UCC framework [1].
Integration of marker-free selection of single cells at a wireless electrode array with parallel fluidic isolation and electrical lysis

We present integration of selective single-cell capture at an array of wireless electrodes (bipolar electrodes, BPEs) with transfer into chambers, reagent exchange, fluidic isolation and rapid electrical lysis in a single platform, thus minimizing sample loss and manual intervention steps. The whole process is achieved simply by exchanging the solution in a single inlet reservoir and by adjusting the applied voltage at a pair of driving electrodes, thus making this approach particularly well-suited for a broad range of research and clinical applications. Further, the use of BPEs allows the array to be scalable to increase throughput. Specific innovations reported here include the incorporation of a leak channel to balance competing flow paths, the use of 'split BPEs' to create a distinct recapture and electrical lysis point within the reaction chamber, and the dual purposing of an ionic liquid as an immiscible phase to seal the chambers and as a conductive medium to permit electrical lysis at the split BPEs.
Trouble and Transformation in Higher Education: Identifying Threshold Concepts through Faculty Narratives about Teaching Writing.

The theory of threshold concepts has given faculty a powerful way to name foundational, but difficult, disciplinary concepts. However, there is no methodological consensus about the best ways to id...
Serum Endocannabinoid and Mood Changes after Exercise in Major Depressive Disorder.

ABSTRACTThe endocannabinoid (eCB) system is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and is responsive to acute exercise in healthy adults.PurposeWe aimed to describe acute changes in serum eCB across a prescribed moderate (MOD) and a self-selected/preferred (PREF) intensity exercise session
Prevalence and Effect on Survival of Pulmonary Hypertension in Myelofibrosis.

Abstract Background Myelofibrosis (MF), a rare disorder characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, has been implicated as a cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH). To date, studies examining this association have not looked at the impact of PH on survival in MF. We examined the relationship between MF and PH by echocardiogram (echo) using a retrospective patient database and examined the influence of PH on overall survival. Patients and Methods In this single-center retrospective chart review, we identified 65 patients with biopsy-proven primary and secondary MF, 31 of whom underwent transthoracic echo. After accounting for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and left-sided or valvular heart dysfunction, which excluded 6 patients, we identified 14 patients (56%) who had echo evidence of group 5 PH (ie, PH due to unclear or multifactorial mechanisms), 8 with primary MF and 6 with secondary MF. MF patients with PH trended toward being predominantly female, being older, and less often having constitutional symptoms compared to the non-PH cohort. Results There was no effect of the presence of PH on overall survival in the entire MF cohort or in any subgroup analyzed, including primary MF versus secondary MF and primary MF intermediate risk patients. Conclusion Given the high prevalence of MF-associated PH, there may be a larger role for routine echo screening in MF patients. Further, the underlying association between PH and MF may signify an endothelial plasticity or increased telomerase activity as part of the pathogenesis of MF.
Identity of Kininase II with an Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme

Blood and tissues contain various enzymes that hydrolyze bradykinin. Among the ones we characterized were a prolidase (imidopeptidase), a carboxypeptidase-type enzyme (carboxypeptidase N; kininase I) and a dipeptide hydrolase (kininase II; DH). Carboxypeptidase N inactivates kinins by removing the C-terminal arginine, while kininase II liberates the dipeptide Phe-Arg from the same end.
Four-angle method for practical ultra-high-resolution magnetic resonance mapping of brain longitudinal relaxation time and apparent proton density.

Abstract Changes in longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and proton density (PD) are sensitive indicators of microstructural alterations associated with various central nervous system diseases as well as brain maturation and aging. In this work, we introduce a new approach for rapid and accurate high-resolution (HR) or ultra HR (UHR) mapping of T1 and apparent PD (APD) of the brain with correction of radiofrequency field, B1, inhomogeneities. The four-angle method (FAM) uses four spoiled-gradient recalled-echo (SPGR) images acquired at different flip angles (FA) and short repetition times (TRs). The first two SPGR images are acquired at low-spatial resolution and used to accurately map the active B1+ field with the recently introduced steady-state double angle method (SS-DAM). The estimated B1+ map is used in conjunction with the two other SPGR images, acquired at HR or UHR, to map T1 and APD. The method is evaluated with numerical, phantom, and in-vivo imaging measurements. Furthermore, we investigated imaging acceleration methods to further shorten the acquisition time. Our results indicate that FAM provides an accurate method for simultaneous HR or UHR mapping of T1 and APD in human brain in clinical high-field MRI. Derived parameter maps without B1+correction suffer from large inaccuracies, but this issue is well-corrected through use of the SS-DAM. Furthermore, the use of SPGR imaging with short TR and phased-array coil acquisition permits substantial imaging acceleration and enables robust HR or UHR T1 and APD mapping in a clinically acceptable time frame, with whole brain coverage obtained in less than 2 min or 5 min, respectively. The method exhibits high reproducibility and benefits from the use of the conventional SPGR sequence, available in all preclinical and clinical MRI machines, and very simple modeling to address a critical outstanding issue in neuroimaging.
Chapter 1 – Matrices

The chapter introduces the concept of vectors and matrices, for which there are many applications in engineering and science. Matrix operations, including matrix multiplication, are introduced, and how to execute these operations using MATLAB is discussed. A system of equations can be expressed elegantly using a coefficient matrix and column vectors. The chapter presents the concept of a linear transformation using rotation and translation matrices. Matrix powers are discussed and applied to a problem in graph theory. The chapter introduces the matrix inverse and some of its properties. In particular, it is shown that a linear system has a unique solution if its coefficient matrix has an inverse. The chapter concludes by presenting the matrix transpose and the definition of a symmetric matrix.
Business ethics: A model to position a relative business ethics decision and a model to strengthen its application

The maxims of normative ethics are often in conflict. Thus business practitioners facing ethical questions often find themselves operating in the area of relative ethics. There are arguably two dimensions to this area. One lies on a spectrum from weak companies in highly competitive industries to strong companies in protected industries. The second dimension places the would-be ethical manager in awkward situations imposed from either the hierarchy or from corrupt markets. This article develops an analysis model to portray this relative ethics dilemma. Then, an argument is made that the more the individual manager practices good ethics, the higher the level of ethics the individual is able to maintain. This article proposes an adaptation of the 1950s feedback model of group dynamics known as the “Johari Window” to show this improvement in ethical behavior.
Co-Evolution of Multi-Robot Controllers and Task Cues for Off-World Open Pit Mining.

Robots are ideal for open-pit mining on the Moon as its a dull, dirty, and dangerous task. The challenge is to scale up productivity with an ever-increasing number of robots. This paper presents a novel method for developing scalable controllers for use in multi-robot excavation and site-preparation scenarios. The controller starts with a blank slate and does not require human-authored operations scripts nor detailed modeling of the kinematics and dynamics of the excavator. The 'Artificial Neural Tissue' (ANT) architecture is used as a control system for autonomous robot teams to perform resource gathering. This control architecture combines a variable-topology neural-network structure with a coarse-coding strategy that permits specialized areas to develop in the tissue. Our work in this field shows that fleets of autonomous decentralized robots have an optimal operating density. Too few robots result in insufficient labor, while too many robots cause antagonism, where the robots undo each other's work and are stuck in gridlock. In this paper, we explore the use of templates and task cues to improve group performance further and minimize antagonism. Our results show light beacons and task cues are effective in sparking new and innovative solutions at improving robot performance when placed under stressful situations such as severe time-constraint.
YOUNG STARS AND DUST IN AFGL 437: HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE NICMOS POLARIMETRIC IMAGING OF AN OUTFLOW SOURCE

We present near-infrared broadband and polarimetric images of the compact star-forming cluster AFGL 437 obtained with the NICMOS instrument on board HST. Our high-resolution images reveal a well-collimated bipolar reflection nebulosity in the cluster and allow us to identify WK 34 as the illuminating source. The scattered light in the bipolar nebulosity centered on this source is very highly polarized (up to 79%). Such high levels of polarization imply a distribution of dust grains lacking large grains, contrary to the usual dust models of dark clouds. We discuss the geometry of the dust distribution giving rise to the bipolar reflection nebulosity and make mass estimates for the underlying scattering material. We find that the most likely inclination of the bipolar nebulosity, the south lobe inclined toward Earth, is consistent with the inclination of the large-scale CO molecular outflow associated with the cluster, strengthening the identification of WK 34 as the source powering it.
Epitaxial stabilization of ultra-thin films of EuNiO3

We report on the synthesis of ultra-thin films of highly distorted EuNiO3 (ENO) grown by interrupted pulse laser epitaxy on YAlO3 perovskite (YAP) substrates. Samples were then investigated with reflection high energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, reciprocal space mapping, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Combined, the measurements revealed the samples exhibited high structural and electronic quality that is of critical importance to the observed electronic and magnetic properties of the rare-earth nickelates. Growth of ultra-thin films of this highly distorted nickelate system in precisely controlled environments provides the ability to thoroughly investigate electronic phases with decoupled metal-to-insulator/charge-order and anti-ferromagnetic transitions.
Hypothermia alone might not be enough for cerebral protection in aortic arch surgery.

A primary goal in aortic arch surgery is to preserve cerebral function. However, brain tissue has a very high metabolic rate and is especially sensitive to ischemia. Two options to minimize cerebral ischemia during arch surgery are 1) to suppress cerebral metabolism with the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and 2) to supply the metabolites by means of antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) or retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP). Most centers prefer ACP to RCP. Both HCA and ACP have time-dependent limits that are not fully or formally defined. In this regard, it is important to note that metabolism is suppressed during HCA but not eliminated. For example, even at 8 °C, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen is still 11% of baseline.1 Accordingly, rather than ask whether a given procedure can be performed with HCA alone, it is more pertinent to ask, “What are the safe limits of HCA?”
The Legion Resource Management System

Recent technological developments, including gigabit networking technology and low-cost, high-performance microprocessors, have given rise to metacomputing environments. Metacomputing environments combine hosts from multiple administrative domains via transnational and world-wide networks. Managing the resources in such a system is a complex task, but is necessary to efficiently and economically execute user programs. The Legion resource management system is flexible both in its support for system-level resource management but also in their adaptability for user-level scheduling policies.
Chemical and Metabolic Characteristics of Synaptic Complexes from Brain Isolated by Zonal Centrifugation in a Cesium Chloride Gradient

Previously reported isopycnic centrifugation techniques with swinging bucket and angle head rotors for the separation of brain synaptic complexes in a generated cesium chloride gradient were modified to permit large scale preparations in a zonal rotor. Zonal ultracentrifugation in such gradients separated a crude mitochondrial fraction into three major components at densities of 1.16, 1.17 to 1.18, and 1.21. The intact synaptic complexes were found, by electron microscopic examination, to band isopycnically at 1.17 to 1.18. Furthermore, the intact synaptic junctional complexes recovered at this density were stabilized by the presence of 0.14 m sucrose in the cesium chloride gradient. The chemical composition of the three isopycnic bands were assayed for norepinephrine, N-acetylneuraminic acid, phospholipid, cholesterol, and proteolipid. The activities of glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, and glutamic decarboxylase were also determined in these fractions. The chemical and metabolic properties of the synaptic complexes are discussed in relation to those of synaptosomes prepared by other methods.
What Does the Mob Want Lot to Do in Genesis 19:9?

Most English Bible translations render in פש-הלאה Gen 19:9 with some variant of “Stand back!” However, a very few interpreters recommend a translation along the lines of “Come closer!” more in keeping with the typical gloss on נןש . A detailed study of the syntax and semantics of both נןש and הלאה, as well as constructions similar to פש-הלאה demonstrates the strength of the minority suggestion.
Strain Scaling Law and the Prediction of Uniaxial and Bending Strain Effects in Multifilamentary Superconductors

Recently it was shown1 that at 4.2 K the critical pinning-force density F in a wide range of practical conductors obeys a scaling law of the form: $$F = {[B_{c2}^*(\varepsilon )]^n}\,f(b)$$ (1) where \(B_{c2}^*\) is the bulk upper-critical field at 4.2 K and f(b) is a function only of the reduced magnetic field \(b \equiv B/B_{c2}^*.\) For Nb3Sn conductors, n = 1 ± 0.3. This relation was found to hold for both compressive and tensile intrinsic strain, and is expected to be limited in validity only by the irreversible strain point2 where filament breakage becomes significant (typically at intrinsic tensile strains greater than 0.4 – 0.7% for most highly-reacted Nb3Sn conductors2).
Redemption Song: Claggart's Tragedy and Moral Resurrection in Claire Denis's Beau Travail

s MLA 2011 | Los Angeles, California “Billy in the Darbies . . . and on Page, Stage, and Screen: Adaptations of Melville’s Billy Budd” Co-Chair: Joseph Fruscione Georgetown University, George Washington University O rganized and moderated by Joseph Fruscione (Melville Society) and Jeff Dailey (Lyrica Society), this collaborative panel brought together five scholar/teachers to discuss adaptations of Billy Budd through short, focused papers that sparked a lively discussion. This was the Melville Society’s first collaborative panel, one we hope will set the tone for future work with other author societies and organizations. In recognition of the fiftieth anniversary of Benjamin Britten’s opera, this roundtable examined musical, cinematic, and aural adaptations of Billy Budd. Two panelists discussed the Britten opera, two the Claire Denis film Beau Travail, and one a radio version presented by Focus on the Family. The panelists moved beyond “fidelity criticism” to examine creative responses to Melville’s novella. Britten’s “Haunting Melodies”: The Music of Billy Budd as the Universal Language of Human Emotion Marcia Green San Francisco State University Benjamin Britten’s musical-literary theme—the indictment of human folly as revealed in the tragedy and wastage of war and in the corruption of human innocence—is achieved through his extraordinarily wide orchestral harmonic range. Utilizing a structure that is taut and tense and themes that are often similar in melodic outline, Britten stresses the obsessive nature of the piece. His opera is rich in variety and polytonality. He uses musical keys as literary leitmotifs, such as B-flat major in the Prologue and c © 2011 The Melville Society and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 120 L E V I A T H A N A J O U R N A L O F M E L V I L L E S T U D I E S
The Apparent Paradox of the Negative and Positive Feedback Control System on Gonadotropin Secretion

Abstract The separate and interactive effects of estradiol (E 2 ) and luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) on the dynamics of LH storage and release were studied. Measurements were made of the serum gonadotropin responses to submaximal doses of LRF, given as brief pulses or infused over an extended period to normal women at various stages of the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles and to hypogonadal women with and without estrogen treatment. The two-pool concept of pituitary gonadotropin was verified; the dynamic responses of the two pools to the inputs of LRF and E 2 were investigated and related to pituitary properties of sensitivity and reserve. Our results indicate that LRF appears to serve as a primary drive on the gonadotrophs, stimulating gonadotropin synthesis and storage (second pool), as well as release (first). E 2 for the most part, amplifies the action of LRF except that it impedes LRF-induced release of gonadotropin. E 2 augments the second pool activity (reserve) preferentially, and the relative activity of the first pool appears to be influenced by the E 2 -dependent self-priming effect of LRF. The interactions of the various elements of the system, when combined, provide a U-shaped curve to describe the over-all capacity of the gonadotrophs as a function of a broad range of E 2 inputs. Negative and positive feedback of E 2 are revealed to operate by different mechanisms and to represent different segments of a single U-shaped curve rather than paradoxically disparate actions.
Building the basis for primary prevention : Factors related to cigarette smoking and alcohol use among adolescents

Att flertalet sociala faktorer ar starkt relaterade till ungdomars rokvanor, inklusive alkoholvanor, ar kant sedan tidigare. Men en ny forskningsstudie om drogprevention bland unga har identifierat ett effektivt satt att kombinera dessa faktorer bland annat att starka det sociala stodet till ungdomar, att erbjuda organiserade aktiviteter och att engagera hela lokalsamhallet till att gora en kraftanstrangning. Man har aven fokuserat pa att skapa respekt och att betona vikten av en harmonisk hemmiljo.
Array signal processing with interconnected Neuron-like elements

Estimation of angles of arrival of plane waves from data observed at an array of sensors is performed with a network of interconnected, instantaneous, saturating non-linear elements called neurons. The networks use the observed data to decide which among a large number of hypothesized angles of arrivals best fits the data. A possible stochastic-digital implementation of such a network is also indicated.
Fast Structure-Aware Direct Time-Domain Finite-Element Solver for the Analysis of Large-Scale On-Chip Circuits

A fast time-domain finite-element algorithm is developed for the analysis and the design of very large-scale on-chip circuits. The structure specialty of on-chip circuits, such as Manhattan geometry and layered permittivity, is preserved in the proposed algorithm. As a result, the large-scale matrix solution encountered in the 3-D circuit analysis is turned into a simple scaling of the solution of a small 1-D tridiagonal matrix, which can be obtained in linear (optimal) complexity with negligible cost. Furthermore, the time step size is not sacrificed, and the total number of time steps to be simulated is also significantly reduced, thus achieving a total cost reduction in the CPU time. Applications to the simulation of very large-scale on-chip circuit structures on a single core have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed method.
Models of the quiet and active solar atmosphere from Harvard OSO data.

Review of some Harvard Observatory programs aimed at defining the physical conditions in quiet and active solar regions on the basis of data obtained from the OSO-IV and OSO-VI spacecraft. The spectral range covered is from 300 A to 1400 A. This spectral range consists of emission lines and continua from abundant elements such as hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, aluminum, neon, iron, and calcium in various ionization states ranging from neutral to 15 times ionized. The structure is discussed of the quiet solar atmosphere as deduced from center-to-limb behavior of spectral lines and continua formed in the chromosphere and corona. In reviewing investigations of solar active regions, it is shown that the structure of these regions varies in a complicated manner from point to point. The local structure is influenced by factors such as the magnetic field configuration within the active region and the age or evolutionary state of the region.
1‐Methoxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐trimethylsilyloxy‐1,3‐butadiene

[73311-51-0] C9H18O2Si (MW 186.36) InChI = 1S/C9H18O2Si/c1-8(2)7-9(10-3)11-12(4,5)6/h7H,1H2,2-6H3 InChIKey = IXHFGEGYXORUHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E) [76927-59-8] InChI = 1S/C9H18O2Si/c1-8(2)7-9(10-3)11-12(4,5)6/h7H,1H2,2-6H3/b9-7+ InChIKey = IXHFGEGYXORUHN-VQHVLOKHSA-N (Z) [76915-33-8] InChI = 1S/C9H18O2Si/c1-8(2)7-9(10-3)11-12(4,5)6/h7H,1H2,2-6H3/b9-7- InChIKey = IXHFGEGYXORUHN-CLFYSBASSA-N (diene in Diels–Alder reactions; nucleophile; alkene substrate) Physical Data: bp 40 °C/0.3 mmHg. Analysis of Reagent Purity: for the thermodynamically favored isomer of the diene: 1H NMR (C6D6, 270 MHz) δ 4.90 (br, d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.65 (m, J = 1.4, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.23 (s, 1 H), 3.15 (s, 3 H), 2.00 (dd, J = 0.7, 1.4 Hz, 3 H), 0.14 (s, 9 H); 13C NMR (15 MHz, C6D6, off-resonance decoupled) δ 159.4 (s), 141.9 (s), 110.2 (t), 83.7 (d), 56.5 (q), 25.6 (q), 2.2 (q); IR (hexane) 1660 cm−1. The only difference between the 1H NMR (C6D6) spectra of the two diene isomers are the CH3O resonances, which appear at δ 3.15 and 3.12. Preparative Method: silyl enolization of methyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate gives a 1∶1 mixture of (Z) and (E) isomers.1 Purification: distillation at 65 °C/1 mm Hg or heating the mixture to 115 °C for 40 min causes isomerization to the thermodynamically favored isomer. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: silyl migration occurs at 117 °C.1a,2 Use in a fume hood.
Early phase of myocardial ischemic injury and infarction.

Abstract The acute effects of ischemia on myocardial tissue are reviewed in this paper with emphasis on how the events observed in experimental myocardial ischemic injury in dogs relate to the sequential changes occurring in the myocardium of man during the first few hours after the onset of acute infarction. The general effects of ischemia on myocardium include those which are secondary to a diminished local supply of substances such as oxygen and metabolites as well as changes resulting from the impaired diffusion of substances such as lactic acid and electrolytes from the poorly perfused ischemic tissue to the general circulation. Cell death (irreversible injury) first develops after 20 minutes of ischemia in areas of maximum injury in the dog heart and infarcts are not fully developed for 60 to 120 minutes after occlusion. Prior to the development of cell death, the severely ischemic cells are reversibly injured and show a variety of alterations from normal. These changes include depletion of supplies of glycogen and high energy phosphate, increased content of lactic acid and hydrogen, relaxation of myofibrils and failure of contraction. Cells which have just died show the same changes as well as mitochondrial, electrolyte, and nuclear defects. Which, if any, of the preceding changes causes the development of irreversibility in ischemic injury remains to be established. Some data is presented in support of the hypothesis that mitochondrial defects may be critical in the genesis of the irreversible state.
Empiricism, scientific change and mathematical change

Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a unified account of scientific and mathematical change in a thoroughly empiricist setting. After providing a formal modelling in terms of embedding, and criticising it for being too restrictive, a second modelling is advanced. It generalises the first, providing a more open-ended pattern of theory development, and is articulated in terms of da Costa and French's partial structures approach. The crucial component of scientific and mathematical change is spelled out in terms of partial embeddings . Finally, an application of this second pattern is made, with the examination of the early formulation of set theory (in particular, the works of Cantor, Zermelo and Skolem).
Sesamin, sesamolin and the origin of sesame☆

Cultivars of sesame were screened to determine how widely lignans occur. All lines tested contained sesamin and sesamolin. Sesamin and sesamolin in other species of Sesamum varied. Some other genera in the Pedaliaceae also possessed lignans. Phytochemical evidence as well as other data support the suggestion that the progenitor of sesame occurs in India.
Reduction of lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in mixed cortical neuron/glia cultures by femtomolar concentrations of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.

Abstract Stimulation of murine primary mixed cortical neuron/glia cultures with lipopolysaccharide, an endotoxin, was used as a model for inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system. Lipopolysaccharide (20 μg/ml) increased the secretion of lactate dehydrogenase, a marker for cell injury, and nitric oxide into the culture medium. The lipopolysaccharide-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium was reduced by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) at 10 −14 –10 −12 M. The 27- and 38-amino-acid forms of PACAP were equipotent and their dose–response curves were U-shaped. PACAP6-38, a specific type I PACAP receptor antagonist, blocked the reduction by PACAP38 of the lipopolysaccharide-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase. The lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of nitric oxide into the culture medium was reduced by PACAP at 10 −14 –10 −12 M and 10 −8 –10 −6 M. The 27- and 38-amino-acid forms of PACAP were equipotent. PACAP6-38 blocked the reduction of the lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of nitric oxide by PACAP38 at 10 −12 M, but not at 10 −8 M. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium at 10 −14 –10 −12 M, but these concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide had no effect on the lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of nitric oxide. PACAP6-38 did not effect the reduction of the lipopolysaccharide-induced release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium by 10 −12 M vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. These results indicate that stimulation of type I PACAP receptors by femtomolar concentrations of PACAP can prevent neuron death in a model for inflammatory disorders of the CNS. These results suggest that PACAP is also an extraordinarily potent inhibitor of some microglial functions.
Analysis and simulation of a synthetic-aperture technique for imaging through a turbulent medium: erratum

Active imaging techniques offer the promise of improved signal-to-noise ratios for high-resolution imaging of distant objects. However, this promise has remained unfulfilled because such techniques typically require relatively high-power illumination. The proposed technique, referred to as Fourier telescopy, largely overcomes such limitations by encoding image information in the time domain, allowing very large total collector areas to be used. The basic approach combines long-baseline interferometry with phase closure to sample the object at high spatial frequency but low temporal frequency. A phase closure strategy is selected that maximizes the intermittency of transmission, further reducing illuminator power requirements. Error sources are analyzed, and simulation results are presented for imaging of remote objects. Asymptotic results are given for the lowest-order effects of atmospheric aberrations, and the limitations of the approximations are discussed.
Black Agricultural Economists: Discussion

The authors of these three papers have performed a valuable service by reviewing and analyzing the status of blacks who have chosen agricultural economics as their profession-occupation. The estimated number of black agricultural economists continues to be small relative to the total number: 32 in 1970, 41 in 1981, and 56 in 1983. During this period the estimated number of blacks holding Ph.D. degrees has risen slightly from 17 (54%) in 1970 to 18 (44%) in 1981, and then to 25 (45%) in 1983. However, the percentage of blacks with Ph.D. degrees remains lower than the percentage for all agricultural economists, which has exceeded 60% since 1976 (Strauss and Tarr). Apparently data on the number of black female economists were not tabulated
Some Issues in the Design of Monetary Instruments for the Operation of European Economic and Monetary Union

The European Monetary Institute has been working with national central banks of the European Union (EU) to prepare instruments for the operation of monetary policy in Stage 3 of European Economic and Monetary Union. Several publications describing the proposed arrangements have been issued. This paper briefly summarizes the arrangements and identifies some areas in which important decisions still have to be made or refinements introducedincluding the choice of counterparties in fine-tuning open market operations; the design of reserve requirements; the signaling function of monetary operations; and payment system relationships with non-EMU participants in the EU.
Maximum multipath diversity with linear equalization in precoded OFDM systems

In wireless communications, the fading multipath channel attenuates and distorts the transmitted signal. To decode the transmitted symbols and take advantage of the full multipath diversity that the channel has to offer, computationally complex maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding is often employed. We show that a linear equalizer followed by a hard decision is capable of benefiting from maximum multipath diversity in linearly precoded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, where the information symbols are mapped through a matrix transformation before the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) at the OFDM transmitter. As far as we are aware, this is the first proof of a linear equalization scheme achieving maximum multipath diversity over single-input single-output wireless links. We can conclude from this result that at sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), precoded OFDM systems will perform better over channels with more taps even with linear equalization, due to the increase in diversity order.
An Assay to Monitor Bivalirudin Levels on Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Anticoagulation therapy for cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with recently diagnosed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia can be particularly challenging. Although heparin is the standard of care, in these situations anticoagulation is achieved with alternative agents such as direct thrombin inhibitors. Therapeutic concentrations are difficult to assess with direct thrombin inhibitors, and their use is riddled with bleeding and thrombotic complications. We report the successful use of a specific chromogenic antifactor IIa assay in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia who received anticoagulation therapy with bivalirudin during cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass graft surgery.