cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light-induced, spatiotemporal control of protein in the developing embryo of the sea urchin.

Abstract Differential protein regulation is a critical biological process that regulates cellular activity and controls cell fate determination. It is especially important during early embryogenesis when post-transcriptional events predominate differential fate specification in many organisms. Light-induced approaches have been a powerful technology to interrogate protein functions with temporal and spatial precision, even at subcellular levels within a cell by controlling laser irradiation on the confocal microscope. However, application and efficacy of these tools need to be tested for each model system or for the cell type of interest because of the complex nature of each system. Here, we introduce two types of light-induced approaches to track and control proteins at a subcellular level in the developing embryo of the sea urchin. We found that the photoconvertible fluorescent protein Kaede is highly efficient to distinguish pre-existing and newly synthesized proteins with no apparent phototoxicity, even when interrogating proteins associated with the mitotic spindle. Further, chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) using miniSOG successfully inactivated target proteins of interest in the vegetal cortex and selectively delayed or inhibited asymmetric cell division. Overall, these light-induced manipulations serve as important molecular tools to identify protein function for for subcellular interrogations in developing embryos.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Personal Protective Equipment Practices and Preferences of Craniofacial Surgeons

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concern about healthcare worker exposure risk. Surgeons operating near the aerodigestive tract are at particularly high risk, given the respiratory spread of SARS-CoV-2. This study examines the practices and opinions of craniofacial surgeons as they adapt to a worldwide epidemic. Methods: An electronic survey study was conducted on practicing craniomaxillofacial surgeons regarding their preference of personal protective equipment use before, during, and after the pandemic in patients with or without COVID-19 infection, as well as demographic data. Statistical analysis was performed to compare changes in behaviors and preferences and differences across demographic groups. Results: Craniofacial surgeons changed their behaviors significantly during the pandemic, with 91.5% of respondents wearing N95 masks or powered air purifying respirators for operations involving exposure of the nasal or oral airways on untested patients, compared with 4.3% before the pandemic (P < 0.001). For examinations in the clinic, 100% reported wearing a mask during the pandemic compared with 40.3% before the pandemic (P < 0.001). After the pandemic is over, 31.9% of surgeons planned to continue using an N95 mask or powered air purifying respirator for craniomaxillofacial cases and 80.9% planned to continue using masks in clinic. Overall, 46.8% of respondents believed that N95 masks should be the standard for craniofacial surgery. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly shifted the practices and opinion of craniofacial surgeons toward more protective personal protective equipment. These results indicate that this is likely to persist after the pandemic is over, which may limit surgeon exposure to airborne disease and help the field withstand future epidemic outbreaks.
Statistical Analysis of ReRAM-PUF based Keyless Encryption Protocol Against Frequency Analysis Attack.

There has been a growing interest in fully integrating Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) for cryptographic primitives, or keyless encryption. Keyless primitives do not store key information during the entire encryption and decryption phase, providing full security against volatile and non-volatile memory attacks. The concept of keyless encryption using ReRAM PUF is a relatively new concept, and the security aspect of the protocol has not been tested yet. In this paper, we use statistical models to analyze the randomness of the protocol and its resistance against frequency attacks.
One Timestep Is All You Need: Training Spiking Neural Networks with Ultra Low Latency

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are energy efficient alternatives to commonly used deep neural networks (DNNs). Through event-driven information processing, SNNs can reduce the expensive compute requirements of DNNs considerably, while achieving comparable performance. However, high inference latency is a significant hindrance to the edge deployment of deep SNNs. Computation over multiple timesteps not only increases latency as well as overall energy budget due to higher number of operations, but also incurs memory access overhead of fetching membrane potentials, both of which lessen the energy benefits of SNNs. To overcome this bottleneck and leverage the full potential of SNNs, we propose an Iterative Initialization and Retraining method for SNNs (IIR-SNN) to perform single shot inference in the temporal axis. The method starts with an SNN trained with T timesteps (T>1). Then at each stage of latency reduction, the network trained at previous stage with higher timestep is utilized as initialization for subsequent training with lower timestep. This acts as a compression method, as the network is gradually shrunk in the temporal domain. In this paper, we use direct input encoding and choose T=5, since as per literature, it is the minimum required latency to achieve satisfactory performance on ImageNet. The proposed scheme allows us to obtain SNNs with up to unit latency, requiring a single forward pass during inference. We achieve top-1 accuracy of 93.05%, 70.15% and 67.71% on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet, respectively using VGG16, with just 1 timestep. In addition, IIR-SNNs perform inference with 5-2500X reduced latency compared to other state-of-the-art SNNs, maintaining comparable or even better accuracy. Furthermore, in comparison with standard DNNs, the proposed IIR-SNNs provide25-33X higher energy efficiency, while being comparable to them in classification performance.
The evolving capabilities of rhodopsin-based genetically encoded voltage indicators

Protein engineering over the past four years has made rhodopsin-based genetically encoded voltage indicators a leading candidate to achieve the task of reporting action potentials from a population of genetically targeted neurons in vivo. Rational design and large-scale screening efforts have steadily improved the dynamic range and kinetics of the rhodopsin voltage-sensing domain, and coupling these rhodopsins to bright fluorescent proteins has supported bright fluorescence readout of the large and rapid rhodopsin voltage response. The rhodopsin-fluorescent protein fusions have the highest achieved signal-to-noise ratios for detecting action potentials in neuronal cultures to date, and have successfully reported single spike events in vivo. Given the rapid pace of current development, the genetically encoded voltage indicator class is nearing the goal of robust spike imaging during live-animal behavioral experiments.
Early Research in Procedural Justice

The systematic study of the psychology of social decision-making procedures began with the work of John Thibaut, Laurens Walker, and their colleagues in the early 1970s. Thibaut and Walker in their 1975 book and in an earlier article with Stephen LaTour and Pauline Houlden (Thibaut, Walker, LaTour, & Houlden, 1974) first used the term procedural justice to refer to social psychological consequences of procedural variation, with particular emphasis on procedural effects on fairness judgments.1 Prior to that time, the study of justice as a topic in psychology had been concerned largely with distributive justice, that is, with fairness-oriented responses to outcomes rather than procedures. Our goal in this chapter is to describe the origins of procedural justice research.
Measures of Isolation

To these national trends of settling and populating there needs to be added an understanding of Norway’s differing degrees of isolation. After all, the country is nearly 1800 km. (1100 mi.) long, starting at latitude 58°N., and is composed of many divergently oriented and shaped valleys and mountain ranges. Accessibilities vary from place to place and season to season and certainly bear on the possibilities of internal migration. There is, therefore, need to classify and map the differences in isolation.
An Investigation of Gender Differences in Leadership Across Four Countries

This study investigates the emphasis males and females place on leadership behaviors and styles across four countries characterized as two cultural dyads (Norway - Sweden and Australia - U.S.). Previous gender comparisons and cross-cultural studies of leadership are reviewed. A framework for exploring leadership, consisting of five leadership behaviors and six leadership styles, is then presented and tested with questionnaire data from 209 managers across the four countries. Results demonstrate significant effects for gender and country, but no interaction effects, Post-hoc analyses suggest that across all four countries, male emphasize the goal setting dimension, while females emphasize the interaction facilitation dimension. Australians scored significantly differently than leaders in the other countries on interaction facilitation, benevolent autocratic style, and laissez-faire style. These findings are discussed in light of gender characteristics and cultural values.
A Voluntary Tax? Revisited

This Article explains, updates and generalizes Cooper (1979), which had labeled the estate tax a voluntary tax. The tax has remained "voluntary" in the sense of being easily avoidable, even by those engaging in activities within the tax's ostensible normative target (i.e., significant intergenerational wealth transfers). Further, all taxes on the yield to capital are voluntary in this sense. The federal tax system, writ large, is increasingly a wage-based tax. Citizens who own large stores of capital can live - and die - tax-free using common tax planning techniques. These facts ought to call the normative justification for the status quo, including the estate tax, into question. A consistent progressive cash flow tax - without a separate estate tax - is a far better, more consistent tax on both the yield to capital and inheritance than is the present, highly flawed, income plus estate tax.
Adolescence: An Ethological Perspective

1 A Research Agenda.- 2 An Ethological Perspective on Dominance Behavior.- 3 Camp Wancaooah.- 4 Life in the Male Cabin Groups.- 5 Life in the Female Cabin Groups.- 6 Dominance Behaviors and Hierarchies in Male and Female Groups.- 7 Age as a Factor in Dominance and Social Behavior.- 8 Adolescent Altruism.- 9 Dominance and Altruism as Traits.- 10 Developing Perspective.- Appendix A Early Adolescents.- Appendix B Middle Adolescents.- References.- Author Index.
Task, Learner, and Presentation Interactions in Television Production.

What presentation format is best for promoting affective learning via televised instruction? This study showed that for college students, both on-camera authority/model figures and dramatizations can be effective. It also confirmed the importance of considering interactions between presentation method, learning characteristics, and subject matter.
The Political Ecology of Bananas: Contract Farming, Peasants and Agrarian Change in the Eastern Caribbean

A review of The Political Ecology of Bananas: Contract Farming, Peasants and Agrarian Change in the Eastern Caribbean by Lawrence S. Grossman.
How We Find Ourselves: Identity Development and Two Spirit People

Psychological theorists have typically treated sexual and racial identity as discrete and independent developmental pathways. While this simplifying division may make it easier to generate theory, it may also make it less likely that the resulting theory will describe people's real-life developmental experiences. In this article, Alex Wilson examines identity development from an Indigenous American perspective, grounded in the understanding that all aspects of identity (including sexuality, race and gender) are interconnected. Many lesbian, gay and bisexual Indigenous Americans use the term "two-spirit" to describe themselves. This term is drawn from a traditional worldview that affirms the inseparability of the experience of their sexuality from the experience of their culture and community. How can this self-awareness and revisioning of identity inform developmental theory? The author offers personal story as a step toward reconstructing and strengthening our understanding of identity.
DESCRIPTIVE SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF NO-FLATULENCE PINTO BEAN

ABSTRACT Raw pinto bean flour contained 0.38% raffinose and 3.34% stachyose on a dry weight basis. Bean flour was heated at 100C or 115C for 25 min, and then treated with crudeα-galactosidase (60 Gal U/mL) produced by Aspergillus awamori NRRL 4869. Crude enzyme completely hydrolyzed raffinose oligosaccharides in pinto bean flour and bean paste after 2 h treatment. Lipoxygenase and trypsin inhibitor activity were greatly inhibited (P < 0.05). Descriptive analysis showed that color, raw beany off-flavor, bitterness and astringency of pinto bean paste increased significantly (P < 0.05) after the enzymatic treatment. There were no significant changes in stickiness, cooked bean aroma, nutty flavor, and sweetness of control pinto bean paste and enzymatic-treated bean paste. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The use of dry edible beans is limited partly because of the presence of flatulence factors, especially the raffinose oligosaccharides. Crude fungal α-galactosidases were very effective for removing raffinose oligosaccharides. However, the crude enzymes also contained other types of enzymes, which catalyzed undesirable reactions to produce low sensory quality products. Hence, more specific enzymatic methods for producing good sensory characteristics of the bean paste need to be developed before commercialization.
Practical approaches for evaluating bending and torsion of fiber reinforced polymer components using instrumented testing

This paper discusses instrumented testing of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials for constructing lightweight bridge decks. Torsion and bending tests are performed on multi-cellular components to evaluate the torsional constant (polar moment of inertia of the section), influence of simultaneous loadings on elastic properties, and the effect of shear forces on the total deflection. A practical approach is taken in the absence of extensive theoretical computations. The methods employed performed well and are a combination of instrumented testing and fundamental mechanics principles.
Exhaust Emission Control Considerations for Diesel Engines

This chapter summarizes major recent developments in diesel emissions technologies and system design. Emissions challenges that are covered include particulate matter (PM) remediation using diesel particulate filters (DPFs), lean NO x remediation, and hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide controls. NO x control technologies are summarized, including SCR (selective catalytic reduction) with ammonia and HC-based approaches. PM reduction technologies are evolving around new DPF materials for reduced back pressure and SCR integration, and optimization of regeneration and control. Technologies for NO x control are achieving >95% deNO x efficiency averaged over the certification test cycles. DOC (diesel oxidation catalyst) developments are used to precondition the exhaust for both deNO x and PM remediation systems and for removing unburned fuel components. They mainly involve NO oxidation to NO2 as a function of catalyst formulation and HC oxidation parameters. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are also addressed. System layout and fundamental control strategies are outlined for integrated systems involving all three unit operations. Keywords: DPF ; SCR ; OBD ; LNT ; DOC
A Fatal Twist: Volvulus of the Small Intestine in a 46-Year-Old Woman

A 46-year-old woman presented to two emergency departments within 12 hours because of acute abdominal pain. Physical exam demonstrated tenderness and epigastric guarding. An ultrasound was interpreted as negative; she was discharged home. Later that evening, she was found dead. Postmortem exam revealed acute hemorrhagic necrosis of a segment of jejunum secondary to volvulus. Clinical clues suggesting presentations of small bowel volvulus are usually nonspecific; the diagnosis is typically confirmed at surgery. Her unremitting abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, and absolute neutrophilia were consistent with an acute process. The etiology of this volvulus was caused by an elastic fibrous band at the root of the jejunal mesentery. While congenital fibrous bands are rare in adults, this interpretation is favored for two reasons. First, the band was located 20 cm superior to postsurgical adhesions in the lower abdomen and pelvis. Second, there was no history of trauma or previous surgery involving the site of volvulus.
Training Master's-Level Graduate Students to Use Inquiry Instruction to Teach Middle-Level and High-School Science Concepts.

Through the GK-12 program of the National Science Foundation, graduate student fellows in a coastal marine and wetland studies program were trained to present targeted science concepts to middle- and high-school classes through their own research-based lessons. Initially, they were taught to follow the 5-E learning cycle in lesson plan development, but a streamlined approach targeting the three attributes of science concepts—macroscopic, model, and symbolic—was found to be a better approach, while still incorporating key facets of the 5-E model. Evaluation of the level of inquiry in the classrooms was determined using an inquiry scale from 0 to 4, differentiated by the relative number of actions that are student-centered. The graduate fellows consistently delivered lessons at the targeted levels 2 or 3, guided inquiry. In order to assess student learning, the GK-12 fellows were trained to develop single-item pre- and post-assessments designed to probe middle-level and high-school students' understanding of the macroscopic, model, and symbolic attributes of targeted science concepts. For the lessons based on the research of the fellows, about 80% of the students showed statistically and practically significant learning gains. The GK-12 fellows positively impact the classroom and are effective science ambassadors.
Coexistence of the (23 ×√3) au(111) reconstruction and a striped phase self-assembled monolayer

We have studied the effect of adsorption of a low-density alkanethiol monolayer on the state of the Au(111) reconstruction. It is commonly believed that the substrate deconstructs following formation of a thiolate self-assembled monolayer, but our results suggest this is not always the case. Helium diffraction from 1-decanethiol and 1-octanethiol striped phase monolayers is exploited to establish the surface nearest-neighbor spacing and to illustrate a unit cell corresponding to the long dimension of the (23 × √3) reconstruction. Using our observed 0.198 A-1 peak spacing and the (11.5 × √3) unit cell reported in the literature, we measure a substrate nearest-neighbor spacing of 2.76 A along the [110] direction, which represents the atomic spacing of the uniaxially compressed, reconstructed gold surface. Moreover, 1/2-order peaks in the diffraction from decanethiol/Au(111) demonstrate a distinction between neighboring thiolate dimers. These peaks are not observed for the octanethiol/Au(111) system. Theref...
Effects of minor groove binding drugs on camptothecin-induced DNA lesions in L1210 nuclei.

Abstract Topoisomerase I inhibition detected in mammalian cells can be correlated with reduced tumor growth. Camptothecin specifically inhibits topoisomerase I by stabilization of a covalently linked DNA-enzyme complex and associated DNA single-strand breaks. Whether perturbations in nuclear DNA structure can alter camptothecin-induced DNA damage was examined using the non-intercalative DNA minor groove binders distamycin, Hoechst 33258 and DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). L1210 nuclei were treated with camptothecin alone or in the presence of single minor groove binders. DNA-protein crosslinks and single-strand breaks were determined using potassium-sodium dodecyl sulfate precipitation and alkaline elution respectively. Distamycin produced a dose-dependent decrease in DNA-protein crosslinks and strand breaks. This effect was reduced if nuclei were treated with camptothecin prior to distamycin addition. Distamycin was unable to reverse lesions once induced or to prevent repair of damage upon camptothecin removal. Hoechst 33258 and DAPI also decreased camptothecin-induced DNA damage. The order of inhibitory potency was: distamycin > Hoechst > DAPI. This order corresponded to the molecular weights as well as to the size of the nucleotide binding sites of the drugs. Identifying agents which alter such DNA lesions should provide better understanding of the chemotherapeutic activity of camptothecin as well as help elucidate new leads for drug combinations of improved therapeutic benefit.
Improving visualization: theoretical and empirical foundations

Discusses the ways in which the understanding of visual perception could help improve the scientific visualization process. It is argued that as long as there is a human interface link to computer visualization systems, understanding how humans perceive information visually could help improve the quality and the effectiveness of the visualization process. The fields of visual physiology, psychophysics, and cognitive psychology can explain why human vision is so efficient, how to create better images, and how to determine the limitations of particular representations. >
American Political Thought and the Study of Politics.

The title of this essay poses not one vexing issue but two, and each of them sharply challenges the student of American political thought. The first might be called the common problem of political theory-the question of its relevance to the institutional facts of life. How, it is asked, can the analysis of political ideas help to illuminate our understanding of political action? Can theory lead us to a surer knowledge of why governments and electorates behave as they do? Can it help us to diagnose and prescribe? Or is the study of theory, on the contrary, justified simply on the ground that the words of Plato and Hobbes and Locke are part of what Matthew Arnold called culture: "the best that has been thought or known in the world"? This is, I take it, a problem universal among students of political thought, whether they choose America, Europe, or China as their realm; and it lends itself to no easy answers. When the realm is America, however, a second issue is presented-what may be described as the special problem of American political thought-and surely no reflective student of the subject has been untroubled by it. The difficulty, to be downright, is that American political thinkers have not often produced works that rank with the best that has been thought or known in the world's intellectual history. The scholar in the European field can hedge the question of relevance by arguing that the Republic is worth reading and pondering for its own sake, and that it is no more necessary to seek some utilitarian justification for doing so than it is necessary to justify reading Othello. Or he may, even better, insist that Plato is both relevant to an understanding of ancient and modern politics and intrinsically self-warranting; and he may thus rest his case with two feet firmly planted. Such a course of argument is not really open to the student of American political thinking. Hie must stand on the leg of relevance if he is to stand at all. The implied depreciation of American political thought may seem a little strong, but it is actually no more than an extension of the commonplace that we have not as a people been much given to philosophizing about government. We have talked about it a great deal; we have even, in a certain sense, done a lot of thinking about it. But it has not been characteristic of Americans to concern themselves with the stratosphere of political speculation, and the result among others is that our soil has bred no Hobbes, no Locke, no Marx, no Rousseau. The Federalist has been much praised both at home and abroad, and it is surely a wise book; but can it really be arrayed with the great political literature of the western world? If so, it is strange that the secondary work concerned with it has been so scanty, that no book about the Federalist has, as far as I
A Coulomb green function from an SO(2,1) coherent state path integral

Abstract A Green function for the Coulomb problem is derived via path integration of SO(2,1) coherent states with the new “time” parameter of Duru and Kleinert.
Control of sex differences in the plumage of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus

In an experimental study of sexual dimorphism in plumage coloration in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus, skin grafts were exchanged between nestlings on the first to sixth day after hatching. Before fledging, the young birds were moved from the nest to cages and kept for several weeks for observation of the coloration of feathers produced by host and graft skin. The adult feathers that developed on grafted skin at the postjuvenal molt corresponded to those of the donor, regardless of the sex of the host.
Friedel oscillations and charge density waves in chains and ladders

The density matrix renormalization (DMRG) group method for ladders works much more efficiently with open boundary conditions. One consequence of these boundary conditions is ground-state charge density oscillations that often appear to be nearly constant in magnitude or to decay only slightly away from the boundaries. We analyze these using bosonization techniques, relating their detailed form to the correlation exponent and distinguishing boundary induced generalized Friedel oscillations from true charge density waves. We also discuss a different approach to extracting the correlation exponent from the finite size spectrum which uses exclusively open boundary conditions and can therefore take advantage of data for much larger system sizes. A general discussion of the Friedel oscillation wave vectors is given, and a convenient Fourier transform technique is used to determine it. DMRG results are analyzed on Hubbard and $t\ensuremath{-}J$ chains and 2 leg $t\ensuremath{-}J$ ladders. We present evidence for the existence of a long-ranged charge density wave state in the $t\ensuremath{-}J$ ladder at a filling of $n=0.75$ and near $J/t\ensuremath{\approx}0.25.$
Delayed Immediate Early Gene Responses Precede Delayed Initiation Of Regeneration In Diabetic Nerve

Nerve fiber regeneration is impaired in diabetic nerve and contributes to the relentless nerve fiber loss characterizing this disorder. Immediate early gene responses constitute the initial response to nerve injury and include upregulation of NGF and IGF-1 primarily by Schwann cells. These responses are believed to initiate macrophage recruitment necessary for initiation of axonal regeneration. We examined NGF, IGF-1 and CNTF mRNA in sciatic nerve at 10 timepoints (0.5hr to 24d) following sciatic nerve crush in diabetic BB/W-rats. The peak of the immediate upregulation of IGF-1 and NGF occurred at 0.5 and 6 hrs respectively in control nerves and was delayed to 24 hrs and 2d for IGF-1 and NGF respectively in diabetic nerve. Also the expression of NGF p75 receptor was significantly attenuated in diabetic nerve. CNTF mRNA showed an immediate downregulation following nerve crush with no significant differences between control and diabetic rats. These findings suggest that attenuations of the immediate gene responses of para- and autocrine IGF-1 and NGF in diabetic nerve may be responsible for the earlier reported defect in macrophage recruitment and delayed initiation of nerve fiber regeneration.
A Meta-Analysis of Mortality and Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare postprocedural mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events between transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for severe aortic stenosis. Seventeen studies (n = 4,659) comparing TAVI (n = 2,267) and SAVR (n = 2,392) were included. End points were baseline logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and major bleeding events. Mean differences or risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed, and p values
The asymptotic number of non-negative integer matrices with given row and column sums

Asymptotics are obtained for the number of mxn non-negative integer matrices subject to the following constraints: (i) each row and each column sum is specified and bounded, (ii) the entries are bounded, and (iii) a specified ''sparse'' set of entries must be zero. The result can be interpreted in terms of incidence matrices for labeled digraphs.
Some Notes on Foreign Language Teaching in Other Countries

read. Moreover, this proficiency improves with regular practice. However, if the dictee is to comprise the unique test to determine the student's overall knowledge of French, this can be done only in classes where little classroom time is devoted to dictation. To conclude, for students drilled in dictation practice, the score on the dict6e reflects only their skill in that area; for students possessing minimal experience with dictation, the dictee can validly be substituted for the traditional final examination in first-
Caregiving Hassles Scale: Assessing the Daily Hassles of Caring for a Family Member With Dementia

Examined was a scale designed to assess the daily hassles of caring for a family member with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Primary caregivers to AD patients (N = 60) completed the Caregiving Hassles Scale on two occasions and reported on their well-being. The 42-item scale provides a reliable and psychometrically sound instrument for assessing hassles associated with assistance in basic ADL, assistance in instrumental ADL, care-recipients' cognitive status, care-recipients' behavior, and caregivers' social network.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome in an adolescent with Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia

Abstract Microorganisms may produce substances that disrupt the interaction between platelets and vascular endothelium, which has been associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). We present the first reported case of Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia that presented initially with atypical HUS. Antimicrobial therapy eradicated the patient's bacteremia, and plasmapheresis restored platelet-endothelial homeostasis. Understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in atypical HUS would guide the development of more precise therapies.
Stochastic simulation of the motion, breakup and stranding of oil ganglia in water‐wet granular porous media during immiscible displacement

The problem of immiscible displacement of oil ganglia arises in connection with oil bank formation and attrition during enhanced oil recovery with flooding. A stochastic simulation method is developed here, which enables prediction of the fate of solitary ganglia during immiscible displacement in water-wet unconsolidated granular porous media. This method takes into account the local topology of the porous medium; the initial size, shape and orientation of the oil ganglion and the capillary number. For each ganglion size, hundreds of realizations are performed with random ganglion shapes for a 100 × 200 sandpack. These results are averaged to obtain probabilities of mobilization, breakup and stranding as functions of capillary number and ganglion size. Axial and lateral dispersion coefficients are obtained as functions of the average ganglion velocity. The results from the solitary ganglion analysis can be used with the ganglion population balance equations developed in a companion publication (Payatakes, Ng and Flumerfelt, 1980) to study the dynamics of oil bank formation.
Human cytomegalovirus DNA: Restriction enzyme cleavage maps and map locations for immediate-early, early, and late RNAs

Abstract Complete physical maps for human cytomegalovirus (Davis strain) DNA were constructed from fragments produced by restriction endonucleases Hind III, Xba I, and Eco RI. The results showed that the human cytomegalovirus genome has a structural organization similar to that of the herpes simplex virus genome: a long (L) segment, comprising 82% of the genome, joined to a short (S) segment, comprising the remaining 18% of the genome. Permutations of the S and L segments produce four different molecular arrangements which are represented in equimolar proportions in virion DNA preparations. Heterogeneity in the size of the DNA was detected within fragments which map at one terminus of the S segment and also in fragments which map at one terminus of the L segment. The regions of the genome from which RNA synthesized at various times after infection originates was determined. Immediate-early RNA (RNA synthesized in the presence of cycloheximide) was restricted to a few regions on the genome but hybridized in abundance to a region which mapped between 0.686 and 0.733 units (within the L segment). Early RNA (synthesized in the absence of viral DNA synthesis) hybridized to most areas of the genome, but in particular abundance to a small region which mapped between 0 and 0.046 units (also within the L segment). RNA which accumulated during the late phase of infection was not characterized by particular abundances to any region of the genome.
Gender and generation: The relative influence of intimacy and individuation with mother and with father for spousal intimacy and individuation among dual-earner husbands and wives.

Drawing on anchor points from earlier scholarly work contained in family therapy perspectives, this study examined intimacy and individuation among husbands and wives from gender-sensitive and intergenerational perspectives. Scales assessing personal authority in the family system were utilized to ascertain husbands and wives' perceptions of intimacy and individuation with mother, with father, and with their spouse. The relative influence of intimacy and individuation with mother and father for spousal intimacy and individuation was examined. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that intimacy and individuation with mother predicted spousal individuation and that individuation with father predicted spousal intimacy. Clinical implications of these results for narrative approaches to therapy are discussed.
The Biology of Erythropoietin

A brief history of erythropoietin is presented and recent findings on the chemistry, molecular biology, receptor studies and expression of the erythropoietin gene are discussed in summary form.
Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of cis-Bis((2,2‘-biphenylylene)phosphochloridite ester)tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0). The First Example of an Unusual Hydrolysis Reaction Yielding Unsymmetrically Substituted Products

Ligands containing groups derived from bis(aryl)diols are widely used in asymmetric catalysis; however, few studies of the conformations of these ligands in transition-metal complexes have been reported. In this paper, the nucleophilic displacement reactions of cis-Mo(CO) 4 (2,2'-C 1 2 H 8 O 2 PCl) 2 (1) have been used to prepare a variety of complexes with [1,3,2]-dioxaphosphepin ligands, and the conformations of these ligands have been studied by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The nucleophilic substitution reactions yield both the expected disubstituted complexes cis-Mo(CO) 4 (2,2'-C 1 2 H 8 O 2 PXR) 2 (XR = NPrn (2), OMe (4), SC 6 H 4 -4-Me (6)) and the unexpected hydrolysis products [R'3NH][cis-Mo(CO)4(2,2'-C 1 2 H 8 O 2 PO)(2,2'-C 1 2 H 8 O 2 PXR)] (R' 3 = Pr n H 2 , XR = NPr n , 3; R' 3 = Et 3 ; XR = OMe, 5). NMR studies have demonstrated that the hydrolysis product is the major product when more than a minute amount of water is present, even in the presence of a large excess of the nucleophiles. This reaction is complete in approximately 90 min at 25 °C. A very surprising feature of this reaction is that substitution of one chloride in 1 by the RX - nucleophile greatly enhances the rate of substitution of the second chloride either by water or by another RX - nucleophile. NMR studies of the [1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin complexes in chloroform-d solution suggest that the R* and S* enantiomers of the ligands interconvert via a low-energy pathway. Crystal structures of the complexes demonstrate that both the R*S* diastereomer (1) and racemic mixtures of the R*R* and S*S* diastereomers (2-4) are observed in the solid state. These results suggest that bulkier biaryl groups are needed to prevent the racemization of the [1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin ligands in solution.
A note on calculating the autocovariances of the fractionally integrated ARMA models

Abstract The autocovariances of the stationary fractionally integrated ARMA model derived by Sowell ( Journal of Econometrics , 1992, 53, 165–188) are complicated functions of hypergeometric functions. We give an alternative expression for these autocovariances which can be easily and accurately computed by computers.
RNA interference pathways in filamentous fungi

RNA interference is a conserved homology-dependent post-transcriptional/transcriptional gene silencing mechanism in eukaryotes. The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is one of the first organisms used for RNAi studies. Quelling and meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA are two RNAi-related phenomena discovered in Neurospora, and their characterizations have contributed significantly to our understanding of RNAi mechanisms in eukaryotes. A type of DNA damage-induced small RNA, microRNA-like small RNAs and Dicer-independent small silencing RNAs were recently discovered in Neurospora. In addition, there are at least six different pathways responsible for the production of these small RNAs, establishing this fungus as an important model system to study small RNA function and biogenesis. The studies in Cryphonectria, Mucor, Aspergillus and other species indicate that RNAi is widely conserved in filamentous fungi and plays important roles in genome defense. This review summarizes our current understanding of RNAi pathways in filamentous fungi.
Rivalries and sponsor affiliation: Examining the effects of social identity and argument strength on responses to sponsorship-related advertising messages

This study examines how social identities and message characteristics influence the processing of sponsorship associations and persuasive messages. Using an experimental approach we found that sponsor affiliation with a rival team results in a negative response by highly identified fans, even when message characteristics include strong, favorable arguments. Conversely, less identified fans formed evaluations based on message characteristics, such that strong arguments were evaluated more favorably than weak arguments, independent of sponsorship affiliation. Overall, the study confirmed that strong social identities influence information processing in ways that are favorable for in-group associations and unfavorable for out-group associations. The implications for both consumers and marketing communications practitioners are discussed.
PT symmetry in optics and photonics

PT-symmetric optical structures represent a new generation of artificial optical systems which utilize gain and loss in a balanced fashion in order to perform a desired task. Such non-Hemitian arrangements exhibit interesting properties which are otherwise unattainable in passive Hermitian systems. As a result, since the first experimental demonstration of PT-symmetry in coupled optical configurations, there has been a flurry of activities in understanding and utilizing PT-symmetric processes in optics. Here we review recent developments in the newly emerging field of PT-symmetric optics.
A Literature Search Strategy Using the Broad Topic of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/Cumulative Trauma Disorders

Abstract Searching the periodical literature for information relevant to a specific topic or diagnosis is an activity that must be undertaken by most therapists at one time or another. A literature search can be incomplete and performing it excessively time consuming unless a carefully planned search strategy is employed. This article presents the process and the results of a literature search of the broad topic of carpal tunnel syndrome/cumulative trauma disorders. The search involved both computerized and printed indexes. J HAND THER 8:212-213, 1995.
Angular distributions for near-threshold ( e ,2 e ) processes for H, He, and other rare-gas targets

Distorted-wave calculations of the triply differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of H, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe are presented for final-state electrons sharing \ensuremath{\le}4 eV excess energy and for the coplanar, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{12}$=\ensuremath{\pi} geometry. Results for H and He targets, presented briefly elsewhere [C. Pan and A. F. Starace, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 185 (1991)], are analyzed in greater detail and compared with available experimental and other theoretical results. In particular, for He targets the effects of exchange and of second-order capture processes are exhibited. These are shown to be of lesser importance than other short-range effects on the s-wave phase shifts of both incident and final-state continuum electrons for reproducing the experimentally observed target dependence of the electron angular distributions for H and He targets [P. Schlemmer, T. R\"osel, K. Jung, and H. Ehrhardt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 252 (1989)]. More approximate theoretical (e,2e) results for Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe targets also show striking target dependences; they are compared with available experimental results.
Financial Innovation, Diffusion, and Instability

Financial innovations are associated with market crises. Hyman Minsky singles out financial innovations as particularly prone to instability so as to necessitate governmental intervention. Processes of innovation and diffusion in new products and in new financial instruments have commonalities as well as differences. This paper focuses on the differences with a view to better understand why financial innovations are more likely to generate significant negative repercussions. Differences that distinguish financial innovations include the role of intermediaries, variability in quality, and the extent of externalities. This paper further discusses the implications of these differences.
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from organic and conventional retail chicken.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria existing in agricultural environments may be transferred to humans through food consumption or more multifaceted environmental paths of exposure. Notably, enterococcal infections are becoming more challenging to treat as their resistance to antibiotics intensifies. In this study, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of enterococci in organic and conventional chicken from retail stores were analyzed. Of the total 343 retail chicken samples evaluated, 282 (82.2%) were contaminated with Enterococcus spp. The prevalence was higher in organic chicken (62.5%) than conventional chicken (37.5%). Enterococcus isolates were submitted to susceptibility tests against 12 antimicrobial agents. Among the isolates tested, streptomycin had the highest frequencies of resistance (69.1 and 100%) followed by erythromycin (38.5 and 80.0%), penicillin (14.1 and 88.5%), and kanamycin (11.3 and 76.9%) for organic and conventional isolates, respectively. Chloramphenicol had the lowest fre...
Cancer pain in children: the selection of a model to guide research.

Scientific Inquiry provides a forum to facilitate the ongoing process of questioning and evaluating practice, presents informed practice based on available data, and innovates new practices through research and experimental learning.
Construction of the two-dimensional sine-Gordon model for β<8π

We present a rigorous renormalization group construction of the two-dimensional massless and massive quantum sine-Gordon models in finite volume for the range 0<β<8π. We prove analyticity in the coupling constant ζ, which implies the convergence of perturbation theory. The field correlation functions and their generating functional are analyzed and shown to have the short distance asymptotics of the free field theory. In the massive case the bounds are uniform in volume and we also obtain uniform estimates on the long distance decay of correlations.
Heterosexual behavior assessment—II. Females

Abstract The development of a sexual behavior scale for females is described. The final scale consists of 21 types of heterosexual behavior which form a cumulative, ordinal scale. This scale can be used as a hierarchy in desensitization therapy, or it can be applied to the assessment of behavior change resulting from therapy. A short 10 item form of the scale which correlates almost ·98 with the total scale is available as well.
Relationship between diabetes mellitus and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastric cardia.

Summary Background: Obesity is a risk factor for adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and gastric cardia. Diabetes mellitus might mediate that association. Aim: To estimate the risk of diabetes mellitus on the development of adenocarcinoma of distal oesophagus and gastric cardia beyond that of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Methods: A case–control study was performed using a national administrative database of the Veterans Administration. Results: A total of 311 cases of cancer and 10 154 controls were identified. Gender, age, and race were risks for cancer. Diabetes was diagnosed in 36% of cases, and 32% of controls (P = 0.15). Diabetic complications were diagnosed in 14% of cases and 13% of controls (P = 0.60). Multiple logistic regression confirmed the absence of an association between cancer and diabetes (odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 0.8–1.5) or diabetic complications (odds ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.6–1.3), adjusting for age, gender, and race. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this case–control study, there is no evidence of an association between diabetes and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or gastric cardia among US veterans with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Alcohol dependence symptoms among recent onset adolescent drinkers

This study examined prevalence of alcohol dependence symptoms and diagnosis among a nationally representative sample of recent onset adolescent drinkers aged 12-21 years (mean 17 years) across different levels of drinking drawn from National Survey of Drug Use and Health (N=9490). We assessed whether the relationship between level of alcohol use and alcohol dependence was similar for individuals from different socio-demographic groups (i.e., gender, age group, ethnic group, family income, and substance use in the past year). The most prevalent DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria at low levels of alcohol use were "unsuccessful efforts to cut down", "tolerance", and "time spent" in activities necessary to obtain alcohol or recover from its effect. Logistic regression with polynomial contrasts indicated increasing rates of each criterion and an overall dependence diagnosis with increasing alcohol exposure that differed most between the lowest levels of recent drinking frequency. After controlling for drinking quantity, younger adolescents, females, Native American/Alaskans and Asian/Pacific Islanders were most likely to experience alcohol dependence symptoms and a diagnosis of dependence, suggesting that these demographic subgroups may experience dependence symptoms or develop dependence more quickly after beginning to drink. Recognizing early symptoms of alcohol dependence may assist in early identification and intervention of those at risk for heavier drinker in the future.