cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reading while Watching Video: The Effect of Video Content on Reading Comprehension and Media Multitasking Ability

Media multitasking, or engaging in multiple media and tasks simultaneously, is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon with the development and engagement in social media. This study examines to what extent video content affects students’ reading comprehension in media multitasking environments. One hundred and thirty university students were given reading comprehension tests in two multitasking environments: the background environment (a video playing in the background that could be ignored) and the test environment (a video playing at the same time that the students knew they would be tested). Two different videos were used: one, a situational comedy, the other, an in-depth news report. Results indicate that the two videos affected reading comprehension differently, with the news report interfering more severely than the comedy, but also more easily ignored when necessary. Implications for social media and learning are discussed.
Management of Suspected Choledocholithiasis: A Decision Analysis for Choosing the Optimal Imaging Modality

Magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) all represent viable options to establish the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. The aim of the study was to assess how the three imaging modalities perform in head-to-head comparisons and in what order to apply them when using these procedures sequentially. A threshold analysis using a decision tree was modeled to compare the costs associated with different imaging techniques of the biliary system in a patient with suspected cholestasis secondary to choledocholithiasis. The main outcome parameter was the pre-test probability of common bile duct (CBD) stones that would guide the physician towards starting the work-up with MRC or EUS versus going straight to ERCP as the primary procedure. For low pre-test probabilities of CBD stones in the common bile duct, MRC represents the procedure of choice. For pre-test probabilities ranging between 40 and 91 %, EUS should be the preferred imaging modality. If CBD stones are suspected with an even higher pre-test probability, patients could go straight to ERCP as their first procedure. Low costs associated with any of the three procedures increase its range of applicability at the expense of the other competing imaging modalities. MRC, EUS, and ERCP should be used in sequence and dependent on the pre-test probability of choledocholithiasis.
Speed sensorless AC drive fed by a 3-level inverter with improved low-speed torque and speed control

In a speed-sensorless induction motor drive, the accuracy of motor flux and speed estimation deteriorates at low speed which is commonly imputed to stator resistance variation. Further analysis shows that the estimated value of field orientation angle is corrupted by accumulative errors from integration of the motor variables with low signal/noise ratio at low frequency region. This in turn introduces errors in variable transformation between reference frames and in motor torque generation, which further degrades control. An error loop-effect speeds up the degradation process. A novel control scheme is developed to improve the control of motor current, torque and speed at low frequency. The scheme is less sensitive to the combined effect of the error sources and the loop effect in the frequency range of interest. The control scheme is implemented in a DSP based fully digital control system of a three-level IGBT PWM inverter drive. Preliminary experimental tests demonstrate promising results which are achievable even below 0.5 Hz.
Two Cheers for Institutional Work

This article responds to the preceding Lawrence, Suddaby, and Leca paper and offers comments that are both laudatory and critical. It also poses three key questions about the emerging field of institutional work.
Polyarteritis Associated with Australia Antigen-Positive Hepatitis

A 30-year-old registered nurse with Australia antigen-positive hepatitis developed concomitant polyarteritis diagnosed by muscle biopsy. Australia antigen was detected in involved arteries by immunofluorescence, using fluorescein-labeled, purified antibody to Australia antigen. It is likely that the arteritis was due to deposition in arteries of immune complexes formed by Australia antigen and antibody.
MR Imaging Techniques of the Bowel

Due to advances in technology, magnetic resonance is an increasingly popular method for evaluating the small bowel and colon because of the lack of radiation, wealth of information provided by the images, and growing demand from gastroenterologists, surgeons, and oncologists. Careful attention to proper technique, however, is necessary to obtain high-quality images. Factors that need to be considered for successful magnetic resonance of the bowel include method for administration of oral or rectal contrast, patient positioning, need for antiperistaltic medication, and imaging sequences and planes.
Excitation of rat locus coeruleus neurons by adenosine 5'-triphosphate: ionic mechanism and receptor characterization

ATP and several congeners were applied to locus coeruleus neurons in slices cut from rat pons. Whole-cell recording of membrane current showed that ATP caused an inward current at -60 mV. Effective concentrations (applied by superfusion) were 3-300 microM, and the peak current was about 150 pA at -60 mV. 2-Methylthioadenosine 5'-triphosphate was slightly more potent than ATP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate was about equipotent with ATP, alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate was slightly less potent than ATP, and beta,gamma'-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate and adenosine 5'-monophosphate had little or no effect. Adenosine (100 microM) caused small outward currents (40 pA). By changing the ionic composition of the pipette and extracellular solution, it was shown that the inward current resulted from both an increase in conductance to sodium ions and a reduction in conductance to potassium ions. It is concluded that rat locus coeruleus neurons express P2 purinoceptors, activation of which depolarizes the cells predominantly by increasing a conductance that allows sodium ions to enter the cell.
New anti-inflammatory therapies and targets for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are diseases of the airways with an underlying inflammatory component. The prevalence and healthcare burden of asthma and COPD is still rising and is predicted to continue to rise in the foreseeable future. Beta-agonists and corticosteroids form the basis of the therapies available to treat asthma. However, the treatments available for COPD, corticosteroids and anticholinergics, reduce the number and severity of exacerbations, but have a limited effect on slowing the progression of the disease. The inflammatory processes underlying the pathology of asthma have received a great deal of attention and more recently, those underlying COPD have begun to be elucidated. This has resulted in the identification of new targets that will allow the development of novel approaches by the pharmaceutical industry, which will be able to focus its efforts in an attempt to provide new and improved therapies to treat these debilitating diseases. The resultant therapies should impinge on the underlying development of these diseases rather than providing symptomatic relief or palliative treatment alone. This review will outline new targets and novel approaches currently under investigation, which may provide opportunities for novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions that slow or halt disease progression in asthma and COPD.
On the Structure of Twentieth-Century Philosophy

: It makes sense to ask from time to time where we are in the philosophical discussion. This article reviews the debate in the twentieth century. Michael Friedman has recently argued that the split between Continental and analytic philosophy is due to the inability, because of war, to carry forward a genuine debate begun by Heidegger and Carnap around the time of Heidegger's public controversy with Cassirer at Davos in 1929. I, however, argue that there was not even the beginning of a genuine debate between Heidegger and Carnap. I argue further that the split between analytic and Continental philosophy originated earlier, in the analytic attack on idealism at the beginning of the century. And finally I argue that the differences among analytic philosophy, Continental philosophy, and pragmatism, the third main current of twentieth-century philosophy, can be traced to differing reactions to Kant.
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Cotransport

Obligatory, coupled cotransport of Na+, K+, and Cl− by cell membranes has been reported in nearly every animal cell type. This review examines the current status of our knowledge about this ion tra...
Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere.

Empirical records provide incontestable evidence of global changes: foremost among these changes is the rising concentration of CO2 in the earth's atmosphere. Plant growth is nearly always stimulated by elevation of CO2. Photosynthesis increases, more plant biomass accumulates per unit of water consumed, and economic yield is enhanced. The profitable use of supplemental CO2 over years of greenhouse practice points to the value of CO2 for plant production. Plant responses to CO2 are known to interact with other environmental factors, e.g. light, temperature, soil water, and humidity. Important stresses including drought, temperature, salinity, and air pollution have been shown to be ameliorated when CO2 levels are elevated. In the agricultural context, the growing season has been shortened for some crops with the application of more CO2; less water use has generally, but not always, been observed and is under further study; experimental studies have shown that economic yield for most crops increases by about 33% for a doubling of ambient CO2 concentration. However, there are some reports of negligible or negative effects. Plant species respond differently to CO2 enrichment, therefore, clearly competitive shifts within natural communities could occur. Though of less importance in managed agro-ecosystems, competition between crops and weeds could also be altered. Tissue composition can vary as CO2 increases (e.g. higher C: N ratios) leading to changes in herbivory, but tests of crop products (consumed by man) from elevated CO2 experiments have generally not revealed significant differences in their quality. However, any CO2-induced change in plant chemical or structural make-up could lead to alterations in the plant's interaction with any number of environmental factors—physicochemical or biological. Host-pathogen relationships, defense against physical stressors, and the capacity to overcome resource shortages could be impacted by rises in CO2. Root biomass is known to increase but, with few exceptions, detailed studies of root growth and function are lacking. Potential enhancement of root growth could translate into greater rhizodeposition, which, in turn, could lead to shifts in the rhizosphere itself. Some of the direct effects of CO2 on vegetation have been reasonably well-studied, but for others work has been inadequate. Among these neglected areas are plant roots and the rhizosphere. Therefore, experiments on root and rhizosphere response in plants grown in CO2-enriched atmospheres will be reviewed and, where possible, collectively integrated. To this will be added data which have recently been collected by us. Having looked at the available data base, we will offer a series of hypotheses which we consider as priority targets for future research.
Parents’ Perceptions of Their Child’s Computer Use at Home As A Result of Technology Use in the School

This article focuses on the three-year findings of a parent survey designed to gage their student’s technology interest while receiving instruction from student teachers in a federal educational technology grant. A major objective of the grant was to engage pre-service teachers in a computer technology training program designed to equip them with skills for use in the classroom, beginning with their internship semester. As part of the 21st Century Classroom, each pre-service teacher created an educational website. The survey and cover letter were provided to parents in both English and Spanish. The findings of this project indicate that by enhancing the skills of pre-service teachers to use advanced technology in the classroom, the children taught by these interning students, increased their interest in school and their use of technology at home.
Deep proteomic profiling of vasopressin-sensitive collecting duct cells. II. Bioinformatic analysis of vasopressin signaling.

Vasopressin controls osmotic water transport in the renal collecting duct through regulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2). We carried out bioinformatic analysis of quantitative proteomic data from the accompanying article to investigate the mechanisms involved. The experiments used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture in cultured mpkCCD cells to quantify each protein species in each of five differential-centrifugation (DC) fractions with or without the vasopressin analog 1-desamino-8-d-arginine-vasopressin (dDAVP). The mass spectrometry data and parallel Western blot experiments confirmed that dDAVP addition is associated with an increase in AQP2 abundance in the 17,000-g pellet and a corresponding decrease in the 200,000-g pellet. Remarkably, all subunits of the cytoplasmic ribosome also increased in the 17,000-g pellet in response to dDAVP (P Camk2d > Prkaca) and Ser(261) (Mapk1 = Mapk3 > Mapk14).
Beyond the Linguistic: Reflecting on Video Data Gathered and Interpreted with Children:

Maggie Haggerty’s idea of ‘going beyond the linguistic’ is not an argument against conventional text-based academic literacies, but an invitation to think more expansively about children’s meaning-making. Haggerty suggests that accessing varied modes of communication is necessary for understanding young children’s learning, and draws on the use of video as a medium for capturing non-linguistic modes. In my work as an early childhood teacher, I utilized video to research with my students their own literacy learning. I share with Haggerty a framework that recognizes literacies as being multiple and fluid rather than singular and static: embedded in specific times, cultures, and institutions (Barton et al, 2000; Street, 2003). Although from different continents, Haggerty and I are both implicated in what Luke (1996) characterizes as the ‘literacies of school,’ particular behavioral and academic practices that are unique to school settings and that privilege the written text. These practices often limit the range of what might be taken up as worthy of attention, determining what knowledge, values, and behaviors are considered legitimate (Fine, 1987; Lipman, 2004). Haggerty’s discussion of video centers on its capacity to expand our understanding of learning and literacy to include non-verbal modes, signifying the ways in which alternate forms of communication inform semiotic processes. In this response I extend her interest in video and hone in specifically on the literacies of schooling, which are structured largely by the verbal, the written, and the individualistic.
Release Cycle Management: A Contextualist Inquiry into Recurrent Software Development

Software development is increasingly conducted in a recurrent fashion, where the same product or service is continuously being developed for the marketplace. Still, we lack detailed studies about this increasingly important form of software development. Against this backdrop, this paper presents an action research study into Software Inc., a large multi-national software provider. The research addressed the challenges the company faced in managing releases and organizing software process improvement (SPI) to help recurrently develop and deliver a specific product, Secure-on-Request, to its customers and the wider marketplace. The initial problem situation was characterized by recent acquisition of additional software, complexity of service delivery, new engineering and product management teams, and low software development process maturity. Asking how release management can be organized and improved in recurrent development of software, we draw on Pettigrew’s contextualist inquiry to focus on the ongoing interaction between contents, context and process in organizing and improving release cycle practices and outcomes. As a result, the paper offers two contributions. Practically, it contributes to the resolution of the problem situation at Software Inc. Theoretically, it introduces a new software engineering discipline, release cycle management (RCM), focused on recurrent delivery of software, including SPI as an integral part, and grounded in the specific experiences at Software Inc.
Minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer: the American experience

Minimally invasive surgical techniques are increasingly being implemented in oncologic care. This study assesses the impact of minimally invasive surgery on oncologic and perioperative outcomes in the management of gastric cancer in the USA. From the American College of Surgeons and American Cancer Society National Cancer Data Base, we identified 6427 patients who underwent gastrectomy for cancer from 2010 to 2012. Treatment groups were categorized with an intention-to-treat paradigm as robotic, laparoscopic, and open surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to estimate the impact of the surgical approach on oncologic and perioperative outcomes. Of patients undergoing definitive surgical intervention, 3.5 % (n = 223) underwent robotic gastrectomy, 23.1 % (n = 1487) underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy, and 73.4 % (n = 4717) underwent open surgery. Minimally invasive gastrectomy was more frequently performed on white (P = 0.018), privately insured patients (P = 0.049) treated at academic centers (P < 0.0001) in the eastern USA (P < 0.0001). After demographics, comorbidities, and tumor-related factors had been controlled for, patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy had the postoperative length of stay decreased by 1.08 days (P < 0.0001) and greater odds of having at least 15 lymph nodes resected (odds ratio 1.16, P = 0.023). Use of robotic surgery did not have a statistically significant effect on the postoperative length of stay relative to open surgery (P = 0.222) but the patients so treated had greater odds of having at least 15 lymph nodes resected (odds ratio 1.51, P = 0.005). There were no differences in R0 resection rates or perioperative mortality on the basis of the surgical approach alone. These findings suggest that use of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer in the USA is impacting the adequacy of oncologic resection but is not yet having a clinically significant impact on perioperative outcomes relative to a conventional open approach.
Use Of Hydroxyurea For Sickle Cell Disease In An Academic Center

Introduction The sole disease-modifying agent approved by the FDA for sickle cell disease (SCD) is hydroxyurea (HU), but it may be underutilized in the management of this condition. Not all patients respond to or can tolerate treatment with HU and it is not clear a priori who will respond. We evaluated the utilization of HU in a cross-sectional study of adults with SCD at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) to determine how often HU has been attempted in all individuals who fulfill the criteria for the use of this disease modifying agent. Methods HU status was noted at the time of blood draw for enrollment in the UIC registry of SCD. Those not on HU were assessed as to whether or not they met criteria for being on HU in particular three or more vaso-occlusive episodes requiring presentation to a health care facility during the preceding 12 months or a lifetime history of one or more episodes of acute chest syndrome. The subjects who met these criteria for HU treatment were then divided into two groups, those who had been treated with HU in the past and those who had never received treatment. Those previously treated with HU were further assessed as to whether or not treatment was discontinued due to an adverse drug reaction, development of a contraindication, non-response, refusal to continue treatment, or noncompliance with treatment and/or clinic visits. Those who had never been on HU were categorized into whether or not treatment was not provided because of a contraindication, patient refusal of treatment, or noncompliance with clinic visits. Results Of 290 subjects enrolled in the study, 171 (59%) were either on HU (N=124, 43%), did not meet criteria for HU (N=35, 12%), or were on a chronic transfusion program (N=12, 4%). The remaining 119 (41%) were not on HU although they met the criteria. Among these 119 subjects HU had been attempted in almost half (N=58) but 37 were no longer on HU because of an adverse drug reaction, development of a contraindication, or non-response and 18 were noncompliant or refused to continue treatment. For those subjects in whom HU had never been attempted (N=61), almost half (N=30) had refused treatment or had been noncompliant with clinic visits. It was not possible to establish a valid reason for non-treatment in only 25 of 119 subjects not receiving HU (4 subjects in the group in which HU had been attempted in the past and 21 in the group in which HU had never been prescribed). Conclusion A cross-sectional survey at our sickle cell center clarified the picture for utilization of HU in individuals with SCD at UIC. Among those fulfilling criteria for HU therapy, 75% were currently receiving the medication or had received it in the past. A valid reason for non-treatment could be established in the majority of patients not receiving HU. However, 25 individuals (8% of all subjects included in the study) fulfilled criteria for treatment with HU but were not receiving the agent and the reason for non-treatment could not be established. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ADDITIONAL VALUE OF FUNCTIONAL CT FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF HEMODYNAMICALLY SIGNIFICANT CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A META-ANALYSIS

Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is an excellent reference standard for anatomic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, recently various techniques to provide additional functional assessment of the hemodynamic significance of CAD have been introduced. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the
The ULK1 complex mediates MTORC1 signaling to the autophagy initiation machinery via binding and phosphorylating ATG14

ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1), the key mediator of MTORC1 signaling to autophagy, regulates early stages of autophagosome formation in response to starvation or MTORC1 inhibition. How ULK1 regulates the autophagy induction process remains elusive. Here, we identify that ATG13, a binding partner of ULK1, mediates interaction of ULK1 with the ATG14-containing PIK3C3/VPS34 complex, the key machinery for initiation of autophagosome formation. The interaction enables ULK1 to phosphorylate ATG14 in a manner dependent upon autophagy inducing conditions, such as nutrient starvation or MTORC1 inhibition. The ATG14 phosphorylation mimics nutrient deprivation through stimulating the kinase activity of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) complex and facilitates phagophore and autophagosome formation. By monitoring the ATG14 phosphorylation, we determined that the ULK1 activity requires BECN1/Beclin 1 but not the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugation machinery and the PIK3C3 kinase activity. Monitoring the phosphorylation also allowed us to identify that ATG9A is required to suppress the ULK1 activity under nutrient-enriched conditions. Furthermore, we determined that ATG14 phosphorylation depends on ULK1 and dietary conditions in vivo. These results define a key molecular event for the starvation-induced activation of the ATG14-containing PtdIns3K complex by ULK1, and demonstrate hierarchical relations between the ULK1 activation and other autophagy proteins involved in phagophore formation.
Fabricating two-dimensional metal nanocrystal arrays using pulsed-laser deposition and focused ion-beam technologies

We describe recent experiments in which we attempted the initial steps for fabricating twodimensional arrays of metal nanocrystals. We use a commercial pulsed-laser deposition system in concert with a focused ion beam to attempt control over both lateral and vertical dimensions at the nanometer length scale. In our experiments, regular arrays of holes typically 80 nm in diameter were drilled in Si substrates using the focused ion beam. Silver atoms were then deposited onto these substrates by pulsed laser evaporation from a metallic target in high vacuum. Under certain conditions of substrate temperature, laser pulse repetition rate, and fluence, small silver nanoclusters form preferentially around the structures previously etched in the silicon surfaces by the focused ion beam.
Buffering the Effects of Betrayal

Most people who enter a close relationship do so with the expectation that it will be a rewarding experience. Quite often, these expectations prove to be well founded, and the witty, intelligent, attentive, romantic, and reliable person with whom one fell in love continues to be witty, intelligent, attentive, romantic, and reliable as the relationship evolves into a mutually satisfying and long-lasting union. But sometimes these expectations are not borne out, as reflected in the all too common lament that one’s partner is not the same person he or she was at the beginning of the relationship. Even more dramatically, one’s expectations that a partner will be truthful, honest, and faithful can be shattered utterly by the occurrence of a single act of betrayal that undermines the trust, commitment, and love one had in one’s partner. Indeed, the victims of betrayal commonly report feeling that both their identity and their psychological well-being have been threatened as a result of the experience (Jones & Burdette, 1994). Moreover, research shows that when a betrayal is perpetrated, the result often is a reduction in relationship satisfaction, weakened commitment, inhibition of trust, and stunted interpersonal growth, and perhaps the discontinuation of the relationship itself (Jones, Couch, & Scott, 1997). It seems apparent, therefore, that violations of trust and commitment through acts of betrayal have powerful effects on close relationships and are, it may be argued, the greatest threat to the structural integrity of intimate pair bonds.
Increased histamine and 5-HT in portal vein plasma and mesenteric lymph during brief ischemia and reperfusion

Brief mesenteric ischemia (10 min) can stimulate both visceral A delta- and C-fiber afferents and evoke reflex excitation of the cardiovascular system. We have shown that exogenous histamine causes reflex cardiovascular responses and that intra-arterial injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5- HT) into a mesenteric artery stimulates visceral A delta- and C-fiber afferents. We therefore hypothesized that brief abdominal ischemia is associated with release of histamine and 5-HT into the interstitium, where these mediators could stimulate or sensitize ischemically sensitive visceral afferent nerve endings. Accordingly, we measured concentrations of histamine and 5-HT in portal venous blood plasma and intestinal lymph fluid in cats. Cannulas were placed in a portal vein and in an intestinal lymphatic duct distal to the lymph node. Lymph and plasma histamine and 5-HT concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography before, during, and immediately after 10-min occlusion of the descending thora...
Stress Capability of G.E. Sintered Diamond as Observed in Opposed Piston UHP Apparatus

Within recent years at General Electric, a high-pressure, high-temperature, process for sintering diamond powder into strong hard compacts was developed. This material has proved to have great industrial Utility when used in tips for cutting tools and for the cores of wire drawing dies. The commercial products take the forms shown in Fig. 1, in which the sintered diamond and cemented tungsten carbide are intimately bonded together in the manufacturing process. Figure la shows a full disc, as manufactured, consisting of a cemented tungsten carbide base with an “icing” of sintered dia­mond. Such discs may be cut into segments of two, four, or six as shown in Fig. lb. These are generally used as cutting tips for lathe tools and the like. Figure lc shows a typical wire drawing die blank which consists of a cemented tungsten carbide ring with a core of sintered diamond. After fabrication of the blank, the core is pierced to form an axial hole which is then shaped and sized to form wire of the desired gauge. Such dies have very long Service life because of their strength and resistance to wear. The diamond particles are randomly oriented so that on the average the wear surfaces contain a large percentage of diamond grains which present their “hard directions” to the wire sliding past them under great pressure. Open image in new window Fig. 1. Commercial forms of GE sintered diamond COMPAX.R (a) full disc; (b) segments of discs; (c) wire drawing die core.
Teaching About Gendered Violence Without Disempowering Women

Violence against women is increasingly the focus of public attention, and many classes on gender address this issue. The focus of such attention is often the widespread prevalence of gendered violence and the deep and lasting harm done to women by this violence. Although this reality is important, I argue in this chapter that it is equally important for students to understand the ways in which women can and do resist this violence, both individually and collectively. Simply focusing on the violence itself perpetuates an understanding of women and girls as inherently vulnerable – an understanding which is not borne out by social science research. Balancing attention to victimization with information about resistance avoids this reification of women’s vulnerability, counters the sense of helplessness that often results when students learn about this topic, and opens up space for considering solutions to the problem of violence against women.
Optimization-Based Decoupling Algorithms for a Fluid-Poroelastic System

In this paper, computational algorithms for the Stokes-Biot coupled system are proposed to study the interaction of a free fluid with a poroelastic material. The decoupling strategy we employ is to cast the coupled fluid-poroelastic system as a constrained optimization problem with a Neumann type control that enforces continuity of the normal components of the stress on the interface. The optimization objective is to minimize any violation of the other interface conditions. Two numerical algorithms based on a residual updating technique are presented. One solves a least squares problem and the other solves a linear problem when the fluid velocity in the poroelastic structure is smooth enough. Both algorithms yield the minimizer of the constrained optimization problem. Some numerical results are provided to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Mayo Clinic Cancer Center Experience of Metastatic Extramammary Paget Disease 1998-2012:

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy. The most common presentation of EMPD is the vulva followed by perianal involvement. Most cases are localized to the dermis with treatment focused on surgery, topical treatment or radiotherapy. Recurrence is frequent despite therapies utilized. Metastatic extramammary Paget disease is uncommon and, as such, standard treatment guidelines do not exist. This study sought to evaluate the treatment regimens and outcomes of patients treated at a Mayo Clinic Center from 1998-2012. Cancer registry inquiry revealed 261 patients with report advanced Paget disease during these years. Ten cases of metastatic EPMD were identified with sufficient documentation for review. This review reveals support for utilizing localized radiation therapy for bulky disease sequentially with systemic chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin and paclitaxel or irinotecan. Further studies are necessary to define the optimal treatment regimen.
The impact of PASI 75 and PASI 90 on quality of life in moderate to severe psoriasis patients.

AbstractBackground: It is well known that psoriasis significantly impacts patients’ quality of life (QoL). With the introduction of improved treatment modalities with biologic agents, more patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are able to achieve better results as measured by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). PASI 75 indicates a 75% or greater reduction in PASI scores from baseline and is indicative of excellent disease improvement. With newer biologic agents such as secukinumab, ixekizumab and brodalumab, patients are now capable of achieving PASI 90, introducing additional clinical decisions for physicians when considering treatment options. However, little is known regarding how the difference between achieving PASI-75 versus PASI-90 impacts patients’ QoL.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare how achieving PASI 75 versus PASI 90 impacts QoL for patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis by using validated psychometric instruments that have been widely used in both...
Family Formation and Close Social Ties Within Religious Congregations

The study of family and religion has yet to elaborate on the social ties that connect these two important and changing institutions. Specifically, how does family formation (i.e., marriage and childrearing) impact social ties to religious communities? Using longitudinal data from the Portraits of American Life Study (2006–2012) and fixed effects regression models that control for time-stable heterogeneity (N = 1,314), this study tests the effects of marriage and childrearing on changes in close congregational social ties. Fixed effects estimates suggest that marriage actually decreases close social ties to religious congregations, whereas rearing children within marital unions increases them. Thus, it is children, not marriage per se, that actually integrates married couples into religious communities. These contrasting effects tend to be the strongest among young adults, but they weaken with age as well as marital duration.
Female Education, HIV/AIDS and Th e Education Vaccine in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Condoms Piece of the Puzzle

There are many recent studies that indicate that female education and HIV are still positively related in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). So education is not a vaccine as claimed and there exists a puzzle that needs to be resolved. In this study, by focusing on the use and non-use of condoms by females, we provide one piece of the puzzle. That is, we identify one transmission mechanism by which female education leads to higher rates of HIV infection. We find that educated females are less likely to use condoms with their spouses and regular partners than less education females.
On the Geohistory of Justiciable Animals: Was Britain a Deviant Case?

This chapter begins with the mysterious image of a cat hanged in 1554 London and investigates whether this particular hanging was similar in nature to the extensive medieval and early modern animal prosecutions in continental Europe reported on by the historian E.P. Evans. It examines the adequacy of Evans’ claims about the periodicity, the geography and the meaning of animal prosecutions. The existence of deodands notwithstanding, no evidence is found of any animal trials in the British Isles. The chapter warns that the power of medieval criminal law to punish animals has been usurped by the bureaucratic regulations attached to the circumstances in which animal shelters and animal control officers put animals to death.
Compressing Trigram Language Models With Golomb Coding

Trigram language models are compressed using a Golomb coding method inspired by the original Unix spell program. Compression methods trade off space, time and accuracy (loss). The proposed HashTBO method optimizes space at the expense of time and accuracy. Trigram language models are normally considered memory hogs, but with HashTBO, it is possible to squeeze a trigram language model into a few megabytes or less. HashTBO made it possible to ship a trigram contextual speller in Microsoft Office 2007.
Defining Spirituality of Work

There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.
Physician BMI and Weight Counseling

A BMI requirement for physicians would not necessarily increase primary care doctors’ effectiveness in providing weight counseling. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Specific Heat Measurements of 3He in 3He-4He Mixture Films

Preliminary data for the heat capacity of 3 He in 3 He- 4 He mixture films on a Nuclepore substrate are reported over the temperature range 90 < T < 165 mK, for 3 He coverages between 0.05 and 1.7 bulk-density atomic layers, and a 4 He film thickness of 4.33 bulk-density atomic layers. In this two-dimensional Fermi liquid system, a step structure appears in the specific heat as a function of 3 He coverage, similar to the step previously observed in the magnetization.
The Solubility of Water Vapor in Molten Alumina

The absorption of water by molten alumina was described by von Wartenberg in 1951 (1). He found that alumina melted in a tungsten arc in flowing hydrogen or in the inner part of an atomic hydrogen torch would spatter on solidifying. He also observed that alumina frothed when melted deep in an oxy-hydrogen flame, and that alumina melted in a ZrO2-furnace formed foamy drops when water vapor was admitted into the furnace.
Diagnosis and Treatment of a Urinary Leak After Ureteroileal Conduit for Diversion

AbstractOf 1,120 cases of ileal loop urinary diversion reviewed from our hospital 21 postoperative loop leaks were noted (1.87 per cent). Definite indications for diagnostic studies of urinary extravasation include persistent postoperative azotemia, sepsis and/or urinary leakage via the drains. In this series 2 types of loop leaks were noted—an early postoperative leak within the first 24 hours and a leakage 6 to 12 days postoperatively. More aggressive management of postoperative urinary extravasation is urged, especially in patients who had been irradiated and suffered leakage later on in the postoperative course.
Subcellular Spice Trade Routes: Crocin Biosynthesis in the Saffron Crocus (Crocus sativus)

Saffron is produced from the stigmas and styles of Crocus sativus flowers and is one of the most expensive spices. In C. sativus , both stigma and style are intensely crimson red in color due to the presence of three major classes of apocarotenoids: crocins, picrocrocin, and safranal. In addition to
Institutional theory and HRM: A new look

Abstract The context of HRM is important but undertheorized ( Paauwe, 2009 ) and subsequently underresearched ( Jackson, Schuler, & Jiang, 2014 ). We offer two recent perspectives of institutional theory—institutional logics and institutional work—as theoretical lenses through which scholars can explore the influence of institutional context on HRM and more intriguingly the influence of HRM professionals on their institutional contexts. Though others have introduced institutional theory to HRM scholarship (e.g. Paauwe & Boselie, 2003 ), we bring a conceptualization of institutional theory that reflects its advances over the last fifteen years, advances highly relevant to HRM scholars. While previous conceptualizations of institutional theory focus on the direct constraint of institutions on HRM, institutional logics emphasizes complexity, multilevel dynamics, and agency. Similarly, institutional work addresses agency at the day-to-day level, exploring how actors create, maintain, and disrupt the institutional contexts in which they are embedded. Directions for HRM research are discussed.
Taxonomy Meets Neurology, the Case of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Recent landmark publications from our research group outline a transformative approach to defining, studying and treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Rather than approaching ALS as a single entity, we advocate targeting therapies to distinct “clusters” of patients based on their specific genomic and molecular features. Our findings point to the existence of a molecular taxonomy for ALS, bringing us a step closer to the establishment of a precision medicine approach in neurology practice.
Abstract 193: The 2CAN Score: A Novel Inpatient Stroke Recognition Instrument

Introduction: A quarter of strokes occur in patients hospitalized for another reason. Inpatient stroke alerts are challenging due to complex medical situations. A stroke recognition instrument may ...
Abnormal Scn1b and Fxyd1 gene expression in the pulled-through ganglionic colon may influence functional outcome in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease

Smooth muscle cells are electrically coupled to ICC and PDGFRα+ cells, to regulate smooth muscle contraction. Recent studies have reported that the voltage-gated sodium channel type 1β (Scn1b), and the chloride channel subunit, Fxyd1, are highly expressed by both ICC and PDGFRα+ cells in the mouse colon. We designed this study to investigate the expression of the Scn1b and Fxyd1 genes in the normal human colon and in HSCR. HSCR tissue specimens (n = 6) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery, while control samples were obtained at the time of colostomy closure in patients with imperforate anus (n = 6). qRT-PCR analysis was undertaken to quantify Scn1b and Fxyd1 gene expression, and immunolabelling of Scn1b and Fxyd1 proteins were visualized using confocal microscopy. qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant downregulation of Scn1b and Fxyd1 genes in both aganglionic and ganglionic HSCR specimens compared to controls (p < 0.05). Confocal microscopy revealed a reduction in Scn1b and Fxyd1 protein expression in both aganglionic and ganglionic HSCR colon compared to controls. Scn1b and Fxyd1 expression was significantly downregulated in HSCR colon. These results add to mounting evidence suggesting that the pulled-through ganglionic segment of bowel in these patients is abnormal, despite the presence of ganglion cells.
Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory for Iron Porphyrin with CAS, RAS, and DMRG Active Spaces

Porphyrins are present in many metalloproteins, and they are also important components of a variety of nonbiological functional materials. Furthermore, they are representative of the kind of large, strongly correlated system that is especially difficult for accurate calculations. For example, predicting the order of their spin states has been challenging. Here we study the energetic order of four states (one singlet, two triplets, and one quintet) of iron porphyrin, FeP, by the multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT). Five active space prescriptions, namely, CAS(8, 6), CAS(8, 11), CAS(16, 15), RAS(34,2,2;13,6,16), and DMRG(34, 35), are used to obtain the kinetic energy, density, and on-top density. Although the prediction of which spin state of FeP is the ground state depends on the selection of the active space when one uses multireference second-order perturbation theory and such calculations lead incorrectly to a quintet ground state with the largest studied active space, all five active spaces correctly lead to a triplet ground state when one uses MC-PDFT. We conclude that the (34,35) active space is large enough to give a qualitatively correct description of the orbital space and configuration space such that one obtains the correct spin state prediction when the external correlation energy is added accurately in a post-SCF step. We also conclude that MC-PDFT can provide an efficient and accurate approach to treat the electron correlation in large, strongly correlated systems with the complexity of iron porphyrin.
Absorption and Translocation of Phosphate-32P

Terrestrial seed plants require approximately 12 mineral elements, in addition to nitrogen, which they absorb as inorganic ions through their roots from the soil. Ion absorption occurs by two basic processes commonly known as passive and active ion uptake. Passive absorption is largely a diffusional process and does not require direct expenditure of metabolic energy. Active absorption, in contrast, is a metabolically dependent, highly regulated process by which certain species of ions are accumulated in the plant to concentrations greatly in excess of the concentration in the soil, while other ion species are excluded. Both passive and active ion uptake processes generally are influenced by factors which affect respiration and other metabolic processes in the root, with the latter process being more directly affected in this way than the former. Factors which influence transpiration rate often influence rates of ion absorption also, but passive ion absorption is more directly subject to influence in this way than is active uptake.
Structural performance of deteriorating reinforced concrete columns under multiple earthquake events

Abstract This study investigates deteriorating reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to multiple earthquake events, taking into consideration how a combination of environmental stressors and extreme loads can adversely affect the performance of RC columns during their expected service life. For this purpose, nonlinear finite-element models are developed with all the necessary details, validated with a set of experimental test results, and then employed to predict the extent of structural degradation as a function of age and prior earthquake-induced damage. This is through a systematic approach to capture the consequences of corrosion-induced deterioration, in terms of rebar cross section loss, drop of steel yield and ultimate strength, and degradation of bond. The consequences of earthquake events are evaluated with not only structural damage caused by lateral loads, but also the corrosion process expedited as a result of residual damage. Such a holistic assessment strategy paves the way to obtain realistic predictions for the performance of RC columns under future earthquake events. To study this critical aspect, a set of representative scenarios that consist of two earthquake events of different intensities are defined. Considering that RC columns in service commonly experience more than one earthquake during their lifetime, the outcome of this study contributes to transforming the accuracy of predictions made on the residual capacity and seismic response of structures subjected to multiple stressors and hazards.