cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel in-vitro technique for studying percutaneous permeation with a membrane-coated fiber and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: part I. Performances of the technique and determination of the permeation rates and partition coefficients of chemical mixtures.

Purpose. To develop a novel in-vitro technique for rapid assessment of percutaneous absorption of chemical mixtures.
Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma Associated With Apixaban Therapy: A Report of two Cases.

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare clinical entity that can result in severe neurological deficit and warrants emergent neurosurgical evaluation and management. The exact etiology of this entity remains unknown, but certain risk factors exist, including the use of anticoagulant medications. There are few published reports of the association of SSEH with direct factor Xa inhibitors. We aimed to present 2 cases of SSEH in patients on chronic apixaban therapy. To the best of our knowledge, there is only 1 other report of SSEH in the setting of apixaban therapy. A comparison between the cases suggests the importance of rapid recognition and management of SSEH in order to achieve favorable neurological outcomes.
Utilization of hydroxyprogesterone caproate among pregnancies with live birth deliveries in the sentinel distributed database

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Makena® (hydroxyprogesterone caproate [HPC] injection) in February 2011 for reducing the risk of preterm birth (PTB) in women with a singleton p...
Scenes of resurrection: Black Lives Matter, die-ins, and the here and now of queer futurity

This essay considers the fraught possibilities for resistance to anti-black violence in contemporary performative acts of protest. I turn to Saidiya Hartman’s work in Scenes of Subjection and Fred ...
Unsupervised Learning with Word Embeddings Captures Quiescent Knowledge from COVID-19 Drugs Literature

As COVID-19 patients flood hospitals worldwide, physicians are trying to search for effective antiviral therapies to save lives. However, there is currently a lack of proven effective medications against COVID-19. Multiple COVID-19 vaccine trials and treatments are underway, but yet need more time and testing. Furthermore, the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 replicates poorly in multiple animals, including dogs, pigs, chickens, and ducks, which limits preclinical animal studies. We built an unsupervised deep learning model (CDVec) to produce word-embeddings using word2vec from a corpus of articles selectively focusing on COVID-19 candidate drugs that appeared in the literature to identify promising target drugs that could be used in COVID-19 treatment.
Juvenile Criminal Record Confidentiality

Confidentiality of the juvenile's criminality and contacts wit the criminal justice system was central to the raison d'etre of the juvenile court. Consequently, juvenile court personnel and their legislative allies limited the disclosure of juvenile respondents' identities, criminal conduct and court processing. Nevertheless, to do its work, the court collected and shared a great deal of information. Even more information was purposefully and/or inadvertently disclosed by police departments. After the Gault decision, the commitment to confidentiality waned. By the 1980s, emphasis on government transparency and protecting society significantly undermined the policy and practice of juvenile justice system confidentiality. Without that commitment, the juvenile court and juvenile justice are very much weakened.
The free solution mobility of DNA and other analytes varies as the logarithm of the fractional negative charge.

The free solution mobilities of ssDNA and dsDNA molecules with variable charge densities have been measured by CE. DNA charge density was modified either by appending positively or negatively charged groups to the thymine residues in a 98 bp DNA molecule, or by replacing some of the negatively charged phosphate internucleoside linkers in small ssDNA or dsDNA oligomers with positively charged phosphoramidate linkers. Mobility ratios were calculated for each dataset by dividing the mobility of a charge variant by the mobility of its unmodified parent DNA. Mobility ratios essentially eliminate the effect of the BGE on the observed mobility, making it possible to compare analytes measured under different experimental conditions. Neutral moieties attached to the thymine residues in the 98-bp DNA molecule had little or no effect on the mobility ratios, indicating that bulky substituents in the DNA major groove do not affect the mobility significantly. The mobility ratios observed for the thymine-modified and linker-modified DNA charge variants increased approximately linearly with the logarithm of the fractional negative charge of the DNA. Mobility ratios calculated from previous studies of linker-modified DNA charge variants and small multicharged organic molecules also increased approximately linearly with the logarithm of the fractional negative charge of the analyte. The results do not agree with the Debye-Huckel-Onsager theory of electrophoresis, which predicts that the mobility of an analyte should depend linearly on analyte charge, not the logarithm of the charge, when the frictional coefficient is held constant.
Analysis of the replication of HIV-1 forced to use tRNAMet(i) supports a link between primer selection, translation and encapsidation.

Background Previous studies have suggested that the process of HIV-1 tRNA primer selection and encapsidation of genomic RNA might be coupled with viral translation. In order to further investigate this relationship, proviruses were constructed in which the primer-binding site (PBS) was altered to be complementary to elongator tRNAMet (tRNAMet(e)) (HXB2-Met(e)) or initiator tRNAMet (tRNAMet(i)) (HXB2-Met(i)). These tRNAMet not only differ with respect to the 3' terminal 18-nucleotides, but also with respect to interaction with host cell proteins during protein synthesis.
Nitrate reduction to nitrite, a possible source of nitrite for growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria.

Growth yields and other parameters characterizing the kinetics of growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria are presented. These parameters were measured during laboratory enrichments of soil samples with added nitrite. They were then used to reanalyze data for nitrite oxidizer growth in a previously reported field study (M. G. Volz, L. W. Belser, M. S. Ardakani, and A. D. McLaren, J. Environ. Qual. 4:179-182, 1975), where nitrate, but not nitrite or ammonium, was added. In that report, analysis of the field data indicated that in unsaturated soils, the reduction of nitrate to nitrite may be a significant source of nitrite for the growth of nitrite oxidizers. A yield of 1.23 × 104 cells per μg of N was determined to be most appropriate for application to the field. It was determined that if nitrite came only from mineralized organic nitrogen via ammonium oxidation, 35 to 90% of the organic nitrogen would have had to have been mineralized to produce the growth observed. However, it is estimated that only about 2% of the organic nitrogen could have been mineralized during the growth period. Thus, it appears that another source of nitrite is required, the most likely being the reduction of nitrate to nitrite coupled to the oxidation of organic matter.
Die Stellung der Gerichte im Verfassungsaufbau

Wie es sich fur ein Gemeinwesen geziemt, dessen Staatsform nach wie vor eine monarchische ist, ist die Justizgebarung durch alle Gerichte, wie schon Blackstone (1 Commentaries, 266) klassisch feststellen konnte, Bestandteil und Ausflus der koniglichen Prarogative. Alle Gerichte sind koniglich, sie sprechen Recht im Namen des Konigs bzw. der Konigin. Heute beruhen jedoch alle Gerichte und ihre Zustandigkeit auf gesetzlicher Grundlage. Ebenso gehoren die Aufrechterhaltung der offentlichen Ordnung und Sicherheit („The King’s“ oder „The Queen’s Peace“) und die Durchsetzung der Gerichtsentscheidung theoretisch zur koniglichen Prarogative, wobei aus geschichtlichen Grunden die Polizeigewalt als Bestandteil der ortlichen Selbstverwaltung dezentralisiert ist. Die sogenannten writs in der Zivilgerichtsbarkeit — das heist gerichtliche Anordnungen, die an die Parteien, aber auch an Dritte gerichtet sein konnen — erfolgen im Namen der Krone ebenso wie es bei der strafrechtlichen Verfolgung der Fall ist.
Phase evolution of Ba2YCu3O6+x films during the BaF2 process

High-temperature x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the phase evolution and reaction kinetics during the ex situ BaF2 conversion process to form Ba2YCu3O6+x (Y-213). For this study, precursor films with compositions corresponding to Y-213 were deposited on single crystal SrTiO3 substrates using an e-beam co-evaporation technique. Two different precursors, (BaF2+Y +Cu) and (BaF2+Y F3+Cu), were used, and the phase evolution in the resulting series of samples was compared. For the (BaF2+Y +Cu) films, at intermediate stages of the conversion process, the amorphous precursor partially crystallized into a mixture of a BaF2-like oxyfluoride phase (, where BF denotes BaF2) and CuO. At temperatures close to 700 °C, Y2Cu2O5 and a BaF2-related superstructure (, , ) were observed. For this series of films, the ex situ process involved several hydration/oxidation reactions which ultimately transformed the precursor into the Y-213 phase. The overall reaction scheme can be represented as: , where Ba (OxFy) represents both the BaF2-like oxyfluoride and the BaF2-related superstructure phases. The growth of the Y-213 phase and the consumption of BaF2-like phases were approximately linear in time. The resulting Y-213 films were predominantly c-axis textured, along with smaller volume fractions of a-axis textured and randomly oriented regions. For the (BaF2+Y F3+Cu) films investigated, we observed a similar evolution of the Ba (OxFy) phase and the BaF2-related superstructure, along with crystallization of CuO; however, Y2Cu2O5(s) was not observed. The Y F3 component remained amorphous (from x-ray diffraction results) and reacted with Ba (OxFy), CuO and H2O to form Y-213 and Y2O3. The presence of unreacted Ba (OxFy), Y2O3 and CuO in the film after prolonged (>2 h) annealing at 735 °C indicates incomplete Y-213 conversion. We conclude that the (BaF2+Y F3+Cu) precursor was less suitable relative to (BaF2+Y +Cu) under the present processing conditions.
P κ λ combinatorics II: The RK ordering beneath a supercompact measure

We characterize some large cardinal properties, such as μ-measurability and P 2 ( κ )-measurability, in terms of ultrafilters, and then explore the Rudin-Keisler (RK) relations between these ultrafilters and supercompact measures on P κ (2 κ ). This leads to the characterization of 2 κ -supercompactness in terms of a measure on measure sequences, and also to the study of a certain natural subset, Full κ , of P κ (2 κ ) whose elements code measures on cardinals less than κ . The hypothesis that Full κ is stationary (a weaker assumption than 2 κ -supercompactness) is equivalent to a higher order Lowenheim-Skolem property, and settles a question about directed versus chain-type unions on P κ λ .
Secretion of Calcium by the Canine Pancreas

Summary In 19 experiments on fasting dogs with permanent Thomas duodenal cannulas, secretion was stimulated by single injections of intravenous secretin (Vitrum, 5 U per kg) and in 10 other experiments pancreozymin (Cecekin, Vitrum, 2 U per kg) was added to the same dose of secretin. In 3 dogs, the effect of constant infusion of varying doses of secretin was studied, as well. Basal pancreatic juice total calcium ranged from 3.3 to 4.4 mEq per liter, with corresponding serum calcium from 4.0 to 5.5 mEq per liter. Calcium concentration varied inversely with rate of flow and bicarbonate concentration. At peak flow rates, calcium concentration fell to extremely low levels but returned to resting levels within 30 to 40 min. An initial rise in calcium output paralleled the "washout" of enzyme. When pancreo-zymin was added to secretin, calcium output was augmented beyond that which could be ascribed to the known contamination of pancreozymin by secretin. These results indicate that total calcium is not correlated with the major electrolyte (bicarbonate)-containing fluid, and may be related to the enzyme-containing fraction.
Lock-Up Creep

In recent years, the number and type of merger agreement lock-ups have significantly increased, a phenomenon we term "lock-up creep". Not only have new lock-ups arisen, but the terms of these lock-ups have become ever-more negotiated, intricate and varied. This article analyzes the causes of lock-up creep and assesses lock-up creep’s effect on the takeover market. The article was prepared for and presented at The Journal of Corporation Law symposium: Ten Years After Omnicare: The Evolving Market for Deal Protection Devices held at The University of Iowa College of Law.
Evaluation of material characterization systems that utilize a two-wire transmission line

Engineers in many disciplines use the electromagnetic properties of materials to evaluate and predict the performance of systems. Microwave engineers use these properties in the design of high frequency devices. Civil, mechanical, and biomedical engineers use the properties, either directly or indirectly, as indicators of the performance of structures and mechanical systems, e,g, in the evaluation of water-to-cement ratio (Mubarak, K. et al., Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Trans, v50, no.5, pp.1255–1263, Oct. 2001).
Integral equation for small perturbations of irrotational flows

An investigation is conducted concerning the validity of analytical methods which are based on deriving an integral equation, taking into account small perturbations in the case of a nonuniform but irrotational flow. The results obtained apply to a wide Mach number range, but are restricted to small amplitude motions and to nonviscous flows. It is shown that the integral equation relating the unknown velocity potential to the known normal flow velocity can be derived from the appropriate Green's identity.
Fragrance emulsions stabilized by a triblock copolymer

Abstract The phase diagram was determined of the system a fragrance oil, phenethyl alcohol, a commercial triblock copolymer, PE/L101, and water. The stability of emulsions containing 95 wt% water and various amounts of the fragrance and polymer was investigated both visually and with the aid of an optical microscope. The stability of the two-phase emulsions was explained through the interfacial behavior of the polymer and the density change of the oil phase. Double emulsions were found to form when the oil phase composition is close to that of the L2 phase with maximum water solubilization.
Hierarchical Production-planning Systems: Extensions and Modifications

This paper extends earlier hierarchical production-planning approaches initiated by Hax and Meal. The proposed model incorporates both functional and hierarchical interfaces simultaneously as encountered in practice, and assures feasibility and consistency among the decisions made at the different hierarchical levels of the firm. The problem of infeasibility which arises in disaggregating the aggregate production plan into detailed schedules is solved using goal programming at the product-family disaggregation level, and using branch and bound at the item-disaggregation level. The proposed approach minimizes backlogging regardless of the underlying cost structure of the problem at hand.
A Portable Device for Measuring Sediment Resuspension

A portable device for measuring sediment resuspension has been developed. The device consists of a cylindrical chamber inside of which a horizontal grid oscillates vertically. The sediments whose properties are to be determined are placed at the bottom of the chamber with water overlying them. The grid oscillates in the water and creates turbulence which penetrates down to the sediment-water interface and causes resuspension. The amount of material resuspended is proportional to the frequency of the grid oscillation. The device has been calibrated by comparing the concentrations of the resuspended sediment at different grid frequencies with the concentrations in an annular flume where the bottom shear stress is known. The device can be used in the laboratory for rapid and reasonably accurate measurements of resuspension. The device has also been tested on board ship and can be used in the field for rapid surveys of resuspension of undisturbed sediments.
Sublinear perturbations of the differential equation y(n) = 0 and of the analogous difference equation

Abstract According to a result of A. Ghizzetti, for any solution y(t) of the differential equation where y (n) (t)+ ∑ i=0 n−1 g i (t) y i (t)=0 (t ⩾ 1) , ∝ 1 ∞ ¦g i (x)¦x n−I−1 dx (0 ⩽i ⩽ n −1, either y(t) = 0 for t ⩾ 1 or there is an integer r with 0 ⩽ r ⩽ n − 1 such that lim t → ∞ y(t) t r exists and ≠0. Related results are obtained for difference and differential inequalities. A special case of the former has interesting applications in the study of orthogonal polynomials.
Magnetization Characterization Study for the Energy Saver/Doubler Dipoles

One of the challenging problems in superconducting accelerator dipoles is their dynamic behavior under ramping magnetic field produced loads. Their behavior can be observed with hysteretic measurement of the energy flow in the magnet. This technique, first described in detail by M.N.Wilson, will determine changes in inductance, deflection of coils, dynamic losses, the superconducting cable's critical current vs. field and coupling curves, and iron shield saturation reproducibility. These measurements, when cross correlated with integral field, NMR and harmonic data yield a comprehensive characterization of the magnet. Data are presented for several magnets tested in the Magnet Test Facility of Fermilab. Measurements of inductance changes of a few percent and deflections of a few one-one thousandths of an inch are given. These data can now be routinely obtained on a production basis, therefore yielding a more complete characterization of the accelerator dipole's dynamic behavior.
Motivational properties of self-reinforcement.

To examine the motivational effects of Self-reinforcement (SR), Ss were asked to match to sample tachistoscopically presented stimuli from four response choices 100 trials with non-repeated samples...
Democratization, International Knowledge Institutions, and Global Governance

The central problem of democracy has long been theorized as how to place appropriate constraints on the responsible exercise of power. Today, this problem is most acute in global governance. This article examines the rapid rise in the creation of international knowledge institutions, arguing that these institutions reflect a growing effort by nations and publics to assert democratic constraints on the on the global exercise of power through their ability to structure processes of reasoning and deliberation in global society. Specifically, the article argues for the need to attend carefully to processes of knowledge-making in international institutions, including the roles of international institutions in setting standards for the exercise of reasoning, their contributions to the making of global kinds through their work in classifying and reclassifying the objects of international discourse, and through their roles in opening up and constraining participation in international deliberation. The article concludes that the construction and deployment of policy-relevant knowledge are a significant source of power in their own right in global governance that need to be subject to their own democratic critique.
MEMS and MOEMS for National Security applications

Major opportunities for microsystem insertion into commercial applications, such as telecommunications and medical prosthesis, are well known. Less well known are applications that ensure the security of our nation, the protection of its armed forces, and the safety of its citizens. Microsystems enable entirely new possibilities to meet National Security needs, which can be classed along three lines: anticipating security needs and threats, deterring the efficacy of identified threats, and defending against the application of these threats. In each of these areas, specific products that are enabled by MEMS and MOEMS are discussed. In the area of anticipating needs and threats, sensored microsystems designed for chem/bio/nuclear threats, and sensors for border and asset protection can significantly secure our borders, ports, and transportation systems. Key features for these applications include adaptive optics and spectroscopic capabilities. Microsystems to monitor soil and water quality can be used to secure critical infrastructure, food safety can be improved by in-situ identification of pathogens, and sensored buildings can ensure the architectural safety of our homes and workplaces. A challenge to commercializing these opportunities, and thus making them available for National Security needs, is developing predictable markets and predictable technology roadmaps. The integrated circuit manufacturing industry provides an example of predictable technology maturation and market insertion, primarily due to the existence of a “unit cell” that allows volume manufacturing. It is not clear that microsystems can follow an analogous path. The possible paths to affordable low-volume production, as well as the prospects of a microsystems unit cell, are discussed.
TRABECULECTOMY AND POSTOPERATIVE OCULAR HYPERTENSION IN SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA

I performed trabeculectomies to reduce the introacular pressure to 20 mm Hg or lower, in 56 eyes with medically uncontrollable primary open-angle glaucoma or secondary angle-closure glaucoma. In the former group, I achieved success in 85% of cases, 65% without further antiglaucomatous therapy. In the latter group, 59% obtained a successful result, 41% without additional treatment. The readings of applanation tonometry on the first postsurgical day were compared to those obtained after one year. Although approximately 50% of eyes in both glaucoma categories had an initially elevated pressure after trabeculectomy, it decreased steadily in most of those with primary open-angle glaucoma. In the secondary angle closure glaucoma population, this immediate postoperative ocular hypertension was significantly correlated with eventual failure of the operation.
The United States and Barbary Piracy, 1783–1805

The United States waged war from 1801 to 1805 to compel the Islamic regency of Tripoli—what might be called a quasistate—to cease piracy (privateering) against American merchant ships in the Mediterranean, and to release Americans held captive. The Jefferson administration and its officials on the scene employed steadily escalating political-military measures against Tripoli, but the threshold of pressure necessary to alter the regency's behavior proved much greater than anticipated. The United States—as much by accident as design—finally succeeded by threatening the Pasha of Tripoli's larger strategic ambitions. The U.S. experience with the Barbary regencies provides considerable grounds for reflection on the enduring requirements for deterrence of non- or quasistate actors. The United States must properly estimate the level of effort required to deter or coerce quasistates motivated by nontangible factors such as honor, prestige, or religious obligation—and especially by a sense of grievance. Judicious ...
Student metaphors for the college freshman experience

Entry into college is part of a recurrent socialization that takes place in academic settings. From the standpoint of colleges and universities as well as students, successful student socialization is vital. It is important, therefore, to understand the perspectives students have about their own socialization. The purpose of this study was to describe student perceptions of what it means to be a new college/university student. Metaphors generated by freshman university students to describe the freshman experience were collected and analyzed. For communication scholars interested in the language of students, these metaphors provide insight into freshman socialization from the student perspective.
Use of a metal detector to detect buried drums in sandy soil

Abstract A commercially available metal detector was used to detect buried steel drums, in a variety of patterns, at a site consisting of relatively dry sand. T This relatively inexpensive (∼ $400–$500) instrument could be used to detect buried objects at most hazardous materials dump sites. It remains, how
Shared and item-specific information in memory for event descriptions.

If you are asked to remember an event described by a sentence, how will your memory be affected by the number of related events experienced in the same context? The experiments reported here address this empirical question within the theoretical framework of relational and item-specific information. Assuming that both common and distinctive features of events are important in recall, encoding of both types of information should produce optimal performance. Assuming further that the type of information encoded, either common or distinctive, is influenced by manipulations, such as the number of related sentences and the orienting task, recall should be a product of the interaction between set size and type of orienting task. The results of these experiments were consistent with this prediction. Subsidiary analyses supported the interpretation of this interaction in terms of the differential availability of relational and item-specific information. The results are discussed in the context of the script pointer + tag hypothesis of schema theory.
Isolated pelvic ring injuries: functional outcomes following percutaneous, posterior fixation

To characterize pelvic-specific functional outcomes in patients with isolated, partially unstable (AO/OTA 61-B), pelvic ring injuries treated with posterior only percutaneous screw fixation of the pelvic ring. Between September 2007 and October 2011, 16 subjects (mean age 42.4 years; range 18–90 years) with isolated, partially unstable pelvic ring injuries (AO/OTA 61-B) were treated with percutaneous, posterior pelvic ring fixation. Subjects underwent an evaluation of pelvic ring function with a modification of Majeed’s pelvic functional outcome assessment tool. Subjects were excluded if they sustained a concomitant long-bone fracture, visceral injury requiring surgery, spinal cord injury, and an injury to the anterior pelvic ring or acetabulum requiring additional fixation. Mean follow-up was 30.8 (range 14–55) months. Eleven subjects sustained unilateral posterior ring injuries, and five subjects sustained bilateral posterior ring injuries. All fractures healed uneventfully, and no hardware failures were noted. Average pelvic functional outcome score at final follow-up was 85.3 % (good). All but subjects required assistive walking devices and gait and sitting comfort scored “excellent.” High rates of sexual dysfunction and persistent difficulty with daily activities were noted in this series. This series demonstrates that activity-specific dysfunction persists years after definitive percutaneous posterior fixation of isolated pelvic ring injuries. Radiographic outcomes were excellent as were subjects’ ability to ambulate independently and sit comfortably without pain. Many complained of persistent discomfort with both daily activities and sexual activity, suggesting persistent pathology to the non-osseous structures about the pelvis.
Averaging of pseudoresonant T-matrix elements

Abstract A program designed to average over pseudoresonances and produce a physically accurate T-matrix element is presented. The pseudoresonant matrix element arises in variational calculations of intermediate energy electron and positron scattering by atoms and molecules. Only their averaged values have physical meaning. The program first removes the dominant pseudoresonant structure by convolution with a Lorentzian and then performs a least squares cubic spline fit to generate the physically smooth result.
Texture modification processes for giant grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis) fillets.

Abstract Improving the texture of soft fleshed giant grenadier (Albatrossia pectoralis) was investigated. Freeze-thaw cycles and cen-trifugation moderately improved the flesh firmness. Treatment in brine or dry salt, injection of 7.5% soy protein and 15% egg white improved texture so that it compared favorably to Dover sole. Whey protein (10% solution) produced slightly less firmness. Starch and gum solutions (10% and 0.9%, respectively) and static pressure were not effective. Comparison of dry salted and soy protein injected fillets with sole during frozen storage showed slight texture improvement over a six month period. Grenadier fillets maintained texture while sole fillets deteriorated, becoming very tough and undesirable.
FMRFamide- and adipokinetic hormone-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti.

As demonstrated with immunocytochemistry, specific cells and axons in the nervous system of female Aedes aegypti contain antigens immunologically related to FMRFamide (phenylalanine-methioninevarginine-phenylalaninevamide) and locust adipokinetic hormone I (AKH). In the supravesophageal ganglion, including some medial neurosecretory cells, and in all ganglia of the ventral nerve cord, there are 100–120 cells immunoreactive to a FMRFamide antiserum. The same cells cross-react with a bovine pancreatic polypeptide antiserum, but when the latter antiserum is preabsorbed with FMRFamide, immunoreactivity is lost. However, immunoreactivity is maintained when FMRFamide antiserum is preabsorbed with pancreatic polypeptide, suggesting that the immunoreactive peptide is more closely related to FMRFamide. There are 6–12 cells in the supra- and subesophageal ganglia immunoreactive to an AKH antiserum, and some of the same cells are reactive to the FMRFamide antiserum. As well, unpaired cells in each of the abdominal ganglia are positive for both AKH and FMRFamide. Although the function of the FMRFamidev and AKH-like peptides in mosquitoes is unknown, this study, combined with previous reports on the localization of FMRFamidevlike peptides in midgut endocrine cells, supports the concept of a brain-midgut neuroendocrine axis in this insect.
WRITING THE HISTORY OF HISTORIED THOUGHT

In Historied Thought, Constructed World, Joseph Margolis identifies the philosophical themes that will dominate philosophical discussions in the twenty-first century, given the recognition of the historicity of philosophical thought in the twentieth century. In what follows I examine these themes, especially cognitive intransparency, and the arguments presented in favor of them, noting the extent to which they rest on a view of language that takes a written text, and not speech, as the paradigm of language. I suggest if one takes speech as a mutual embodied action in a shared space as a model for language, the theme of cognitive intransparency-and the problems it brings in its wake-does not loom so large for those of us working in the history of philosophy. I conclude by showing that if we adopt this suggestion in relation to early Greek philosophy, that is, the period in the history of historied thought in which philosophy itself emerges as a linguistic and intellectual activity, we can better understand how and why philosophy emerged as it did-in the form of dialogues by Plato.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE COLLAPSED AND DISTENDED MAMMALIAN URINARY BLADDER (TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM).

During the course of our electron microscopic studies on the normal structure of transitional epithelium, we observed some characteristics of the cell wall which could provide for the epithelial stretching present in the distended urinary bladder. We have observed an elaborate infolding of the two opposing cell walls in the collapsed bladder. This, along with grossly visible folding of the entire epithelium, could greatly increase the effective cell surface when unfolded and when the cell is flattened and elongated. Desmosomes were observed indicating that these cells are strongly attached to each other, precluding any sliding movement between cells.
Reproductive life history of the North American madtom catfish, Noturus hildebrandi (Bailey & Taylor 1950), with a review of data for the genus

– The female reproductive traits of a small, North American catfish were studied over a two-year period in a population at the southern extreme of the species’range. The reproductive season was long for Noturus, possibly from February to September. Females matured at age 1 and probably reproduced in only a single year. Clutch sizes were 16–68 oocytes in females 33–47 mm SL, and only one lifetime clutch may be produced. Clutch size, dry mass and volume were related to female size, but ripening oocyte size was not. Clutch mass averaged 23% of total body mass just prior to spawning. Compared to a northern population, females had greater SL-adjusted body masses, clutch sizes and clutch volumes but smaller oocytes. Oocyte size accounted for 73% of the difference in clutch sizes and clutch volume 14%. Concerns about the comparability of present data for Noturus are expressed. The need to include many life-history traits, from several populations of each species, using standardized methods in analysis of functional responses is discussed.
Engineering the Schottky barrier heights in InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors

An InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (MSMPD) that employs engineered Schottky barrier heights is proposed and demonstrated in this work. By engineering the barrier heights a significant decrease in dark current with no change in the responsivity or the bandwidth can be obtained in these devices in comparison to conventional MSMPDs. For MSMPDs with an electrode width and spacing of 2 micrometer, a photosensitive area of 2500 micrometer squared, and an applied bias of 5 V, dark currents of 1.42 nA, 381 pA, and 188 pA were obtained for the conventional Ti/Au, the conventional Pt/Ti/Pt/Au, and the engineered Pt/Ti/Pt/Au- Ti/Au MSMPDs, respectively. A Pt/Ti/Pt/Au-Ti/Au MSMPD with a 2 micrometer electrode width and spacing and a broad photosensitive area of 15625 micrometer squared exhibited a dark current density of 18.1 fA/micrometer squared which is lowest dark current density ever reported in literature for an InGaAs MSMPD. The responsivity and bandwidth of the conventional and the engineered MSMPDs was measured and was found to be virtually identical.
Flavobacterium johnsoniae PorV Is Required for Secretion of a Subset of Proteins Targeted to the Type IX Secretion System

Flavobacterium johnsoniae exhibits gliding motility and digests many polysaccharides, including chitin. A novel protein secretion system, the type IX secretion system (T9SS), is required for gliding and chitin utilization. The T9SS secretes the cell surface motility adhesins SprB and RemA and the chitinase ChiA. Proteins involved in secretion by the T9SS include GldK, GldL, GldM, GldN, SprA, SprE, and SprT. Porphyromonas gingivalis has orthologs for each of these that are required for secretion of gingipain protease virulence factors by its T9SS. P. gingivalis porU and porV have also been linked to T9SS-mediated secretion, and F. johnsoniae has orthologs of these. Mutations in F. johnsoniae porU and porV were constructed to determine if they function in secretion. Cells of a porV deletion mutant were deficient in chitin utilization and failed to secrete ChiA. They were also deficient in secretion of the motility adhesin RemA but retained the ability to secrete SprB. SprB is involved in gliding motility and is needed for formation of spreading colonies on agar, and the porV mutant exhibited gliding motility and formed spreading colonies. However, the porV mutant was partially deficient in attachment to glass, apparently because of the absence of RemA and other adhesins on the cell surface. The porV mutant also appeared to be deficient in secretion of numerous other proteins that have carboxy-terminal domains associated with targeting to the T9SS. PorU was not required for secretion of ChiA, RemA, or SprB, indicating that it does not play an essential role in the F. johnsoniae T9SS.
A primate model for producing experimental alveolar cleft defects

A simplified surgical technique to create an alveolar cleft defect with oronasal communication was developed in 12 female rhesus monkeys. The defects fulfilled the following criteria: 1) a bilateral alveolar cleft with a minimal width of 1 cm; 2) presence of an oronasal communication lined by epithelium; 3) absence of any clinical signs of inflammation within the cleft defect area; and 4) presence of functional teeth on each side of the created defect.
Impaired enteroendocrine development in intestinal-specific Islet1 mouse mutants causes impaired glucose homeostasis

Enteroendocrine cells secrete over a dozen different hormones responsible for coordinating digestion, absorption, metabolism, and gut motility. Loss of enteroendocrine cells is a known cause of sev...
On anomalous conversion coefficients of dipole transitions

General aspects of the problem of anomalous nuclearstructure-dependent contributions to the internal-conversion proccss are considered in conjunction with highly retarded electric or magnetic dipole transitions. Formulas for an elememtary theory of anomalous internal eonversion for E1 tramsitions are given. Selection rules for the relevant nuclear m:itrix elements are given in the quantum numbers appropriate to spheroidally deformed nuclei (K, N, n /sub z/, LAMBDA , SIGMA ). Similar selection rules for M1 transitions are given on the basis of the anomalous operators previously derived by Church and Weneser. The experimemtal data on dipole conversion coefficients of retarded transitions for odd-mass spheroidal nuclei are surveyed. It is noted that where retardation is ascribable to K-forbiddeaness (up to retardation from the singleproton rate by a faetor of 10/sup 9/) no detectable anomalies are found, but where transitions are allowed by K-selection rules detectable conversion-coefficient anomalies may generally be found at retardations greater than 10/sup 5/ to 10/sup 6/ and are not found at lesser retardation. There are some exceptions to this general rule, though. From the present meager data the utility of selection rules in the asymptotic quantum numbers, N, n/sub z/, LAMBDA and SIGMA , for anomalousconversion matrix elements may bemore » open to question, although their utility in qualitatively explaining retardation of the radiative transitions is very evident. The simple E1 theory is applied in an attempt to explain quantitatively the very anomalous 85-kev transition in Pa/sup 231/. Values of the two parameters in the simple theoretical expressions can be found to explain all three L- subshell conversion coefficients. The magnitude of one parameter, the nuclear matrix element , is consistent with estimates from the single-particle model. However, the magnitude required of the other parameter is such as to suggest that in the intranuclear process terms of higher order in the electromagnetic field thnn treated here may be of importance. (auth)« less
Transferrin receptors and the uptake and release of iron by isolated hepatocytes

Isolated rat hepatocytes accumulate iron from iron-transferrin by a process which is dependent on the temperature and on the transferrin concentration, and which is diminished by treatment of the cells with a proteolytic enzyme. These observations are consistent with a mechanism for iron uptake into hepatocytes involving the binding of iron-transferrin to a specific cell-surface receptor. Apotransferrin is also able to bind to the hepatocyte but the apparent binding constant is about 35 times lower than that observed for the binding of iron-transferrin. The binding of apotransferrin to the cells is completely abolished by a low concentration of iron-transferrin. This suggests that the apotransferrin is binding weakly to the same receptor to which iron-transferrin binds and that there are no receptors on the surface of the hepatocyte specific for apotransferrin. In the absence of such specific-binding sites, apotransferrin may act as a passive acceptor of iron released from the hepatocyte.
SUPPRESSION OF HIV REPLICATION BY CD8+ CELL CLONES DERIVED FROM HIV-INFECTED AND UNINFECTED INDIVIDUALS

CD8+ cell clones have been derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and uninfected individuals. Several of these cloned cells have the ability to suppress HIV replication when cocultured with CD4+ cells acutely infected in the laboratory with HIV or with infected CD4+ cells from infected subjects. Suppression of virus production occurs without killing the target cells. With the CD8+ cell clones studied, this antiviral response correlated with production of a filterable factor that has antiviral activity. These cell clones offer the opportunity for identification of the factor mediating suppression of HIV replication. Moreover, adoptive transfer of cell clones might provide a valuable therapeutic approach for HIV-infected individuals.
An evaluation of empirical measures of source identification.

Source identification refers to memory for the origin of information. A consistent nomenclature is introduced for empirical measures of source identification which are then mathematically analyzed and evaluated. The ability of the measures to assess source identification independently of identification of an item as old or new depends on assumptions made about how inconsistencies between the item and source components of a source-monitoring task may be resolved. In most circumstances, the empirical measure that is used most often when source identification is measured by collapsing across pairs of sources (sometimes called “the identification-of-origin score”) confounds item identification with source identification. Alternative empirical measures are identified that do not confound item and source identification in specified circumstances. None of the empirical measures examined provides a valid measure of source identification in all circumstances.
Enhancement of RNA polymerase III transcription by the E1A gene product of adenovirus.

Summary Nuclear extracts from adenovirus-infected HeLa cells harvested early in infection demonstrated a markedly increased capacity for transcription by RNA polymerase III of exogenous VA RNA genes, as well as cloned tRNA and 5S RNA genes. In contrast, no enhanced transcription was observed in extracts from cells infected with an E1A deletion mutant. Moreover, cells co-transfected with the VA- and E1A-containing plasmids showed markedly higher levels of VA RNA synthesis than did cells transfected with the VA-containing plasmid alone. Although analysis of high ionic strength extracts revealed that the enhancement of pol III transcription persists late in infection, moderate ionic strength extracts indicated that transcription factor IIIC becomes limiting. Chromatographic fractionation and complementation analysis of extracts from mock- and virus-infected cells indicated that the factor(s) responsible for the enhanced activity was localized entirely in the fraction containing transcription factor IIIC.
70: Prevalence of b0 and b+ thalassemia genes in Greek patients with thalassemia

Prevalence of b0 and b+ thalassemia genes in Greek patients with thalassemia. In an attempt to estimate the prevalence of b0 and b+ thalassemia genes in Greece chromatographic analysis of hemoglobins was performed in 30 patients with thalassemia prior to any transfusion. In 12(40%) no Hb A was detected, suggesting the presence of b0 gene in the homozygous state (b0 / b0thal.) In the remaining 18, Hb A showed a bimodal distribution with values ranging from 4-35%. The detection of Hb A suggests the presence of b+ gene, while the bimodal distribution could be explained by the assumption that the b+ gene in single dose and in combination with b0 gene (b0 /b+ thal) results in the production of small amount of Hb A ranging from 4-12%, (first curve), while in double dose (b+/b+ thal.), in the production of higher amounts, of Hb A ranging from 18-35% (second curve). The b0/b+thal., was observed in 11(37%) and the b+/b+thal., in 7 (23%). It is concluded that both b0 and b+ genes are common in Greece and chromatographic analysis helps to determine the genotype.
Hydrogen-bonded networks formed by substituted 2,6-diarylpyrazines

The X-ray crystal structure of 2,6-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine and 2,6-bis(4′carboxyphenyl)pyrazine are reported. The structure of the 2,6-bis(4′-carboxyphenyl) pyrazine dimethylsulfoxide complex (C18H12N2O4)⋅(C2H6OS) is triclinic, P-1, with a = 7.9933(8), b = 10.7165(10), c = 12.1337(12) A, α = 66.385(2), β = 84.070(2), γ = 77.219(2)∘. The structure comprises stacked two-dimensional sheets of the hydrogen bonded complex. The two-dimensional sheets comprise hydrogen-bonded ribbons of the (carboxyphenyl)pyrazine that are connected by bridging hydrogen bonds to the dimethylsulfoxide. The structure of 2,6-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine, C16H12N2O2, is monoclinic, P21/c, with a = 10.6107(13) A, b = 14.6743(18) A, c = 8.3772(10) A and β = 104.982(2)∘. The structure reveals that two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded sheets are formed with pyrazine–phenol and phenol–phenol hydrogen bonds.
Pion condensation in holographic QCD

We study pion condensation at zero temperature in a hard-wall holographic model of hadrons with isospin chemical potential. We find that the transition from the hadronic phase to the pion condensate phase is first order except in a certain limit of model parameters. Our analysis suggests that immediately across the phase boundary the condensate acts as a stiff medium approaching the Zel'dovich limit of equal energy density and pressure.
Theoretical study of electrophilic addition: O(3P)+C2H4

Ab initio Hartee–Fock (HF) and multiconfiguration Hartee–Fock (MCHF) calculations have been carried out to characterize the reactants, transition state, and products of the electrophilic addition of O(3P) to the π bond of ethylene. The results show that the diradical product CH2CH2O is stable with respect to the reactants. The transition state has Cs symmetry, not C2v, with the oxygen atom localized on one of the two double‐bond C atoms.
Direct femtosecond measurements of single collision dominated geminate recombination times of small molecules in liquids

Abstract We report the femtosecond transient absorption spectra of the CH2I photoproduct of the methylene iodide (CH2I2) photodissociation. The results indicate a disappearance of this photofragment on a ≈ 350 fs time scale in several different solvents. The implication is that in these simple liquids, methylene iodide is undergoing geminate recombination. Recombination yields, but not rates are shown to be solvent dependent. Comparison to the photodissociation dynamics of other small molecules suggests that the kinetics of geminate recombination are dominated by a single collision with the surrounding solvent cage in a large class of molecules and that the process may be universal.