cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Locating the “People Without History” in Histories of the Ancient Near East

Three books discussed here illustrate multidisciplinary approaches to studying ancient civilizations and a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives. They suggest that in addition to the traditional focus on elites and urban origins, we should analyze nonelites and smaller scale communities. I concur that focusing on elites gives an incomplete and inaccurate picture of life and culture in the ancient Near East. Instead, these books shed light on the “people without history” in the ancient Near East. This “social history” must be integrated into economic and political models of past cultures to fully understand ancient civilizations. LYNN RAINVILLE is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Sweet Briar College. She is the Assistant Director of Ziyaret Tepe (an ancient Assyrian city in southeastern Turkey) and studies Mesopotamian households and cities. She is the author of Investigating Upper Mesopotamian Households Using Micro-Archaeological Techniques (Archaeopress, 2005).
Social Selection and Geographic Variation in Two Monarch Flycatchers from the Solomon Islands

Abstract We tested the potential for social selection to act as a mechanism driving rapid plumage divergence in two sympatric monarch flycatchers, the White-capped Monarch (Monarcha richardsii) and the Kolombangara Monarch (M. browni), endemic to a single island group in the Solomon Archipelago. Solomon Island monarchs are famous for dramatic patterns of morphological divergence across very narrow water gaps, little parallel ecological variation, and minimal genetic differentiation among sister taxa inhabiting adjacent island groups. Social selection theory predicts that plumage traits evolved in allopatry may transmit important social information and that responses of dimorphic and monomorphic taxa to territorial intrusions will differ. For the dimorphic M. richardsii, we presented mounted specimens of subadult or female—and adult male—plumaged individuals to territorial birds and quantified their responses to these simulated intrusions. Territorial male M. richardsii generally responded alone, reacting ...
Glycogen‐rich tumor of the oral minor salivary glands a histochemical and ultrastructural study

A detailed electronmicroscopic study on glycogen-rich tumor is presented. The neoplasm originated from the minor salivary glands on the ventral surface of the tongue. The role of myoepithelial cells in the histogenesis of this lesion is not supported. It is proposed that the tumor arises from "undifferentiated" stem cells analogous to cells in the "end bud" stage of salivary gland morphogenesis. The presence of a large amount of glycogen is secondary to defective carbohydrate metabolism within the tumor cells.
On large-scale shifts in the Arctic Ocean and sea-ice conditions during 1979-98

Results from a regional model of the Arctic Ocean and sea ice forced with realistic atmospheric data are analyzed to understand recent climate variability in the region. The primary simulation uses daily-averaged 1979 atmospheric fields repeated for 20 years and then continues with interannual forcing derived from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts for 1979-98. An eastward shift in the ice-ocean circu­ lation, fresh-water distribution and Atlantic Water extent has been determined by compar­ ing conditions between the early 1980s and 1990s. A new trend is modeled in the late 1990s, and has a tendency to return the large-scale sea-ice and upper ocean conditions to their state in the early 1980s. Both the sea-ice and the upper ocean circulation as well as fresh-water export from the Russian shelves and Atlantic Water recirculation within the Eurasian Basin indicate that the Arctic climate is undergoing another shift. This suggests an oscillatory behavior of the Arctic Ocean system. Interannual atmospheric variability appears to be the main and sufficient driver of simulated changes. The ice cover acts as an effective dy­ namic medium for vorticity transfer from the atmosphere into the ocean.
Diagnostic approaches to apparent homozygosity

Sanger sequencing is a mainstay for the identification of gene mutations used in molecular diagnostic laboratories. However, in autosomal recessive disorders, failure of allele amplification can occur for a variety of reasons, leading heterozygous mutations to appear homozygous. We sought to investigate the frequency at which apparently homozygous mutations detected by Sanger sequencing in our laboratory appeared homozygous due to other molecular etiologies. A review of 12,406 cases from 40 different genetic tests that were submitted to the Medical Genetics Laboratories at Baylor College of Medicine for Sanger sequence analysis was performed. The molecular status of apparently homozygous cases was further investigated by testing parents using various methods. A total of 291 cases of apparent homozygosity were identified, ranging from 0 to 37% of the total per gene. One-third of the apparently homozygous cases were followed up by parental testing. Parental carrier status was confirmed in 88% of the cases. Of the cases in which parental carrier status could not be confirmed, deletions encompassing point mutations, allele dropout due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms at primer sites, and uniparental isodisomy were observed. For individuals with autosomal recessive disorders and apparently homozygous mutations, confirmation by parental testing can rule out other causes of apparent homozygosity, including allele dropout, copy number variations, and uniparental isodisomy. Genet Med 2012:14(10):877–882
Thermal Stability of Ammonia Borane: A Case Study for Exothermic Hydrogen Storage Materials

A model to determine the thermal stability of chemical hydrogen storage materials was developed to predict the stability of ammonia borane at 50−60 °C, the extreme range of environmental temperatures for hydrogen storage materials in PEM fuel cell applications. Experimental data from differential scanning calorimetry measurements between 70 and 85 °C were used to develop isothermal and adiabatic reactivity models that could be extrapolated down to temperatures of interest. Results of the analysis show that solid ammonia borane is metastable in the 50−60 °C range, having stability against appreciable reaction on the order of a week at 60 °C and months at 50 °C. An adiabatic analysis is the most extreme case, and stability of many days under such extreme conditions indicates that solid ammonia borane may be suited to most hydrogen storage applications. This type of analysis is also applicable to other candidate hydrogen storage materials.
Temporal Trends in the Use of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Purpose: Treatment for nephrolithiasis has evolved because of the dissemination of less invasive techniques, such as ureteroscopy and shock wave lithotripsy. We examined temporal trends in PCNL use and characterized the determinants of a prolonged LOS and in-hospital mortality to provide insight into the evolution of practice patterns for nephrolithiasis treatment.Materials and Methods: We abstracted data on 12,948 patients undergoing percutaneous procedures for urinary calculi between 1988 and 2002 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample using International Classification of Disease, 9th revision, Clinical Modification procedure and diagnostic codes. A weighted sample was used to estimate national PCNL use rates. Adjusted models were constructed to measure the association of hospital structure and patient demographics with mortality and a prolonged LOS (greater than 90th percentile).Results: Annual PCNL use increased temporally during the study from 1.2/100,000 to 2.5/100,000 United States residents (p <0.0...
Neurotransmitter transporters: three distinct gene families

Abstract Our understanding of the plasma membrane and vesicular transport systems that mediate neurotransmitter re-uptake has been greatly enhanced in the past year by the cloning and characterization of two additional gene families involved in this process, the excitatory amino acid transporters and the vesicular amine transporters. Additional members of the previously defined family of Na + /Cl − -dependent transporters continue to be identified.
Studies of Oxygen Thermal Donor Formation Under Stress

Oxygen thermal donor formation under stress and following various pre-heat treatments was investigated by resistivity measurements. Thermal donor formation at 450°C, with and without bending stress, is monitored in p-type Cz-silicon following various heat-treatments. As has been shown by others, the thermal donor formation rate depends upon the pre-treatment of the samples. We find that the rate also depends on the stress, being faster, or slower, on the tensile side than on the compressed side depending on the pre-treatment.
Ultrasonic NDE of silicon carbide lightweight systems

Silicon carbide (SiC) high energy mirrors from M-Cubed, Schafer Corp, Poco and Trex Inc. were investigated using nondestructive ultrasound C-scan imaging. Reflected signal amplitude variations from the top surface of the SiC mirrors were imaged to locate surface and subsurface inhomogeneities. Where possible, the bottom surface reflected signal amplitude and material velocity were mapped to evaluate bulk properties. Elastic property mapping was also performed on a dense SiC mirror sample to look for regional variations in Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus. These ultrasound techniques were successfully utilized for detection of subsurface inhomogeneities in the SiC mirror samples.
White Collar Revisited: A Commentary on Isler, Osnowitz, and Kenny

With these three interesting articles on the plight of the semi-professional occupations and with a flurry of books on the degradation of the middle class including Jill Fraser, White Collar Sweatshop, Barbara Ehrenreich, Bait and Switch, and Louis Uchitelle, The Disposable American, I was led back to C Wright Mills’s White Collar. What light does this classic, published in 1951, shed on white-collar work today? More than 20 years before Harry Braverman penned his classic, Labor and Monopoly Capitalism, Mills wrote about deskilling and rationalization, both of work in general, and of white-collar work in particular—all laid out in his unforgettable and brilliant chapter 10 on the demise of “craftsmanship” and the rise of “cheerful robots.” Unlike Braverman, and clearly influenced by Veblen, Mills delved into the subjective as well as the objective dimensions of white-collar work, writing of status panic, upward mobility, and the frenzy for success. This commanding analysis of production and its regulation is couched in a sweeping history of the rise of the office, mass consumption, and the retail store, all propelled by what he called the “managerial demiurge” of the all-dominating corporation. Mills ends, as he does all his books, with a political diagnosis. With great prescience for his time, he saw the convergence of the white-collar and blue-collar as the former suffered rationalization and the latter experienced uplift through union struggles and a protective welfare state. He points to the percentage of white-collar workers unionized, rising from 2.5% in 1900 (about what it is today!) to 16.2% in 1948 (as compared to 44.1% for wage workers). Still, Mills was no revolutionary optimist. The new middle classes, another name Mills used for white-collar workers, can never be an autonomous or guiding force, but are always, to coin a phrase, in a “contradictory class location.” They blow with the wind; when the capitalist is ascendant they will shift in that direction, when the working class is ascendant they side with that class. They are no incipient ruling class; they don’t have a coherent class consciousness to call their own. They are, he says, the rearguard, not the vanguard. Qual Sociol (2007) 30:501–504 DOI 10.1007/s11133-007-9078-5
Histology and histochemistry of the peripheral neural plexus in the Aplysia gill.

The neural plexus in the Aplysia gill is comprised of monopolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. Histochemical procedures reveal acetycholinesterase (AChE), serotonin (5HT), and possibly dopamine present in plexus neurons. The three cell morphologies in the plexus are found in specific regions of the gill. Monopolar cells singly and in clusters lie along branches of the branchial and ctenidial nerves. The largest cluster, the gill ganglion, is located on the branchial nerve; ganglion neurons show a marked similarity to neurons in the central nervous system. AChE is present in monopolar neurons; its presence was demonstrated using acetylthiocholine as a substrate with inhibitors specific for esterases other than AChE. Monoamines are also contained in monopolar cells; yellow and green fluorescence, resulting from exposure to paraformaldehyde vapor, indicated that 5HT and catecholamines, respectively, are present in the cells. Bipolar neurons, containing AChE, are located beneath the ciliated epithelium in the pinnule. Multipolar, monopolar, and bipolar cells are found in the gill musculature. Single neurons appear to innervate at least two muscle bundles. Evidence is also presented suggesting that cells containing different neurotransmitters can terminate in the same muscle. Acetylcholine, 5HT, and dopamine, when infused in the gill, elicited discernable movements for each agent. The plexus, with its apparent hierarchy of neurons, has a number of properties ascribed to the central nervous system. The hierarchy is discussed in relation to the physiology of plexus neurons and to the behavior manifested by the gill.
Violence, suicidality, and alcohol/drug use involvement in adolescent females with a psychoactive substance use disorder and controls

This study had three aims: (1) to determine the relations between behavioral dysregulation, negative affectivity, and familial impairment with violence and suicidality (i.e., severity of ideation and attempts) in a sample of adolescent females with a psychoactive substance use disorder and controls; (2) to determine whether these relations are mediated by internalizing (depression/anxiety) and externalizing (nonviolent antisocial behavior) symptomatology; and (3) to determine whether severity of alcohol/drug use involvement moderates the relations between the mediating variables with violence and suicidality. Multiple behavioral, psychiatric interview, and self-report measures were used to index behavioral dysregulation, negative affectivity, familial impairment, internalizing and externalizing symptomatology, and violence and suicidality in one hundred sixty-one 14- to 18-year-old adolescent females with a psychoactive substance use disorder and in 80 controls. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the proposed relations. Results indicated that behavioral dysregulation, negative affectivity, and familial impairment were related to violence, whereas only familial impairment was related to suicidality. Internalizing symptomatology mediated the relation between familial impairment and suicidality, and was related to violence, whereas externalizing symptomatology mediated the relations between behavioral dysregulation, negative affectivity, and familial impairment with violence. Severity of alcohol/drug use involvement did not moderate the relations between internalizing or externalizing symptomatology with suicidality or violence. Nevertheless, the relation between internalizing symptomatology and suicidality was stronger in females with a greater degree of alcohol/drug use involvement, compared with those with a milder degree of involvement. Therefore, from a prevention standpoint, behavioral dysregulation, negative affectivity, familial impairment, as well as internalizing and externalizing symptoms, may serve as clinical "points of intervention" for altering the development of violence and suicidality in high risk and substance abusing youth.
Comment on pion condensation

Abstract A criterion for pion condensation in nucleon matter can be concisely formulated when the pion Green function is given by the sum of poles, and is simply that two poles on the opposite side of the real axis come together. This criterion gives identical instability conditions as found by Sawyer using a different method.
Measurement and parametrization of the response of NE102 to fast neutrons

Abstract Measurements of the relative light output of the plastic scintillator NE102 in response to neutrons with energized 2.6–28 MeV are reported and a smooth parametrization of the results is presented.
Resistance to Disruption of Multilamellar Fragments of Central Nervous System Myelin

: Single-bilayer vesicles of myelin are desirable for studying myelin development and metabolism. Accordingly, our interest was drawn to a procedure for ves-iculating myelin (Steck et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta509, 397–408, 1978). We used X-ray diffraction analysis to examine these putative vesicle preparations because much larger amounts of material can be surveyed by this method than by electron microscopy. The sharpness (width) of the rings in the X-ray diffraction pattern varies inversely with the number of bilayers per multilayer structure. We therefore expected to see the diffuse diffraction pattern characteristic of single bilayers. Diffraction patterns were recorded from isolated rat brain myelin before and after the vesiculation procedure. Both patterns showed sharp rings, indicating numerous multilayered structures. Average values ranging from 7 to 10 bilayers per multilayer were calculated in both cases. This procedure did produce a small fraction of single-bilayer structures, which were isolated by differential centnfu gation; however, these accounted for only about 1% of the total myelin present. The diffraction pattern of this material showed the diffuse band typical of single-bilayer structures, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated it had the same protein composition as in normal myelin. Similar results were also obtained using either fresh or frozen bovine brain myelin. Variations of the published vesiculation procedure (incubation in 0.1 M NaCl or in buffers containing glycerol; disruption by sonication or use of a Tissumizer) also were not effective in breaking down the multilamellar fragments into thinner structures. We conclude that the multilamellar fragments of isolated CNS myelin resist disruption into single-bilayer structures.
Big money in American politics

The importance of campaign finance in understanding power in America is largely ignored or downplayed by grand theorists in political science and political sociology. For pluralists, heavy money is at best one "resource" among many, not a basic starting point. For the new "state-centric" theorists campaign finance figures hardly at all even though they sometimes talk about a nineteenth-century system of "courts and parties." Thomas Ferguson and Joel Rogers's Right Turn gives due weight to the role of major contributors. Indeed, this wellwritten and sharply argued book brings together a wide range of information to support the claim that campaign finance and related resources are not only crucial in the electoral process, but also in shaping public policies. In addition, it raises difficult questions for theories that place their strongest emphasis on public opinion or electoral realignments in explaining the changing fortunes and thrusts of the two major parties.
Worst-case scenarios for greedy, centrality-based network protection strategies

The task of allocating preventative resources to a computer network in order to protect against the spread of viruses is addressed. Virus spreading dynamics are described by a linearized SIS model and protection is framed by an optimization problem which maximizes the rate at which a virus in the network is contained given finite resources. One approach to problems of this type involve greedy heuristics which allocate all resources to the nodes with large centrality measures. We address the worst case performance of such greedy algorithms be constructing networks for which these greedy allocations are arbitrarily inefficient. An example application is presented in which such a worst case network might arise naturally and our results are verified numerically by leveraging recent results which allow the exact optimal solution to be computed via geometric programming.
Distributed decision propagation in mobile agent networks

This paper develops a distributed algorithm of decision/awareness propagation in mobile agent systems with a time varying network topology and threshold based agent interaction policy. While message broadcast duration or state updating interval is found to be an actuation parameter for changing time-averaged network topology, the threshold parameter in binary decision policy can be used to trigger or restrain the decision propagation. The influence of (large) seed size on the propagation phenomenon has been exploited to control the threat level threshold, beyond which the awareness propagates throughout the network.
Energy gap and surface structure of YBa2Cu3O7-x probed by scanning tunneling microscopy.

We report the results of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) studies on high-quality single crystals of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ (YBCO) which were cleaved in situ at 20 K prior to measurement. STS reveals an energy gap with 2\ensuremath{\Delta}/${\mathit{kT}}_{\mathit{c}}$=6--8 and conductance curves with small zero bias conductance. STM images show for the first time the complex atomic structure of the YBCO surface; atomic resolution disappears after heating to 70 K. Large features may be due to the electronic effects of oxygen disorder, and YBCO is shown to cleave between the BaO and CuO chain layers.
Functional Characterization of Lpt3 and Lpt6, the Inner-Core Lipooligosaccharide Phosphoethanolamine Transferases from Neisseria meningitidis

The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Neisseria meningitidis contains heptose (Hep) residues that are modified with phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) at the 3 (3-PEtn) and/or 6 (6-PEtn) position. The lpt3 (NMB2010) and lpt6 (NMA0408) genes of N. meningitidis, which are proposed to encode the required HepII 3- and 6-PEtn transferases, respectively, were cloned and overexpressed as C-terminally polyhistidine-tagged fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and found to localize to the inner membrane, based on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Lpt3-His(6) and Lpt6-His(6) were purified from Triton X-100-solubilized membranes by nickel chelation chromatography, and dot blot analysis of enzymatic reactions with 3-PEtn- and 6-PEtn-specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrated conclusively that Lpt3 and Lpt6 are phosphatidylethanolamine-dependent LOS HepII 3- and 6-PEtn transferases, respectively, and that both enzymes are capable of transferring PEtn to both fully acylated LOS and de-O-acylated (de-O-Ac) LOS. Further enzymatic studies using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (MS) demonstrated that both Lpt3 and Lpt6 are capable of transferring PEtn to de-O-Ac LOS molecules already containing PEtn at the 6 and 3 positions of HepII, respectively, demonstrating that there is no obligate order of PEtn addition in the generation of 3,6-di-PEtn LOS moieties in vitro.
Tight-binding study of the anomalous phonon spectrum of barium

The long-range contribution to the phonon dynamical matrix for bcc Ba is calculated from first principles using a perturbative tight-binding formulation of the electron-ion interaction. This contribution gives rise to excellent agreement with the anomalous neutron-scattering spectrum in which the longitudinal mode is found to lie at lower frequencies than the transverse mode in the [100] direction. The short-range contribution is treated within a force-constant model and is not responsible for anomalous behavior in the spectrum. In addition, p-d and d-d mixing terms in the electron-phonon matrix elements form the majority contribution to the dynamical matrix, suggesting that Ba behaves as a transition metal with regard to its electron-phonon interaction. This is similar to previous results obtained from nonperturbative calculations of the total crystal energy.
SU‐E‐J‐89: GammaPlan MR to CT Image Registration Errors: Implications for Extend and Preplanned Treatments

Purpose: To compare the spatial errors in coordinate localization created by MR‐based stereotaxia in GammaPlan for two different Methods: direct stereotactic MR localization and MR co‐registration with a stereotactic CT. Methods: Seven patients underwent Gamma Knife SRS and were scanned with our clinical stereotactic MR and stereotactic CT protocols. In GammaPlan, the stereotactic coordinate system for each MR and CT was defined using the fiducials of the localizer. Separately, each MR was co‐registered (by the patient's anatomy) to the stereotactic CT using GammaPlan's automated co‐registration algorithm. A rigid transformation relationship was determined between the direct stereotactic MR (stereoMR) and the MR co‐registered to the stereotactic CT (coregMR). Spatial errors in coordinate definition between these two methods were calculated at the center of stereotactic space and at the centroid of the target. A total of seventeen MR scans were analyzed by this method including both axial and coronal acquisitions. Results: Mean errors in fiducial definition were found to be 0.6±0.3mm and 0.7±0.3mm for CT and MR, respectively. At the center of stereotactic space, the mean magnitude error in coordinate localization between stereoMR and coregMR was found to be 1.6±0.6mm. At the centroid of the target, the mean magnitude error was found to be 1.5±0.7mm. These results were statistically significant compared to the errors in fiducial definition (p<0.002 for both). No statistically significant systematic errors along any axes were found in comparing stereoMR and coregMR coordinate localizations. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were found in coordinate localizations between the two methods. These errors may primarily be due to sub‐optimal co‐registrations when using GammaPlan's automated registration algorithm. The magnitude of these errors may be clinically significant as they are on average greater than 1.5mm. Errors in co‐registration are important for preplanned SRS and Extend SRT treatments where direct stereotactic MR localization is not utilized.
Why are the subfamily relationships of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) important?

Why are the subfamily relationships of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) important?-This question is really two: Is Triatominae a phylogenetically valid monophyletic subfamily; and, if it is, to what other reduviid subfamilies is it most closely related? If the answer to the first question is Yes, then what one knows about one member of Triatominae may be true for other members; if the answer is No, then no such prediction can be made. Because many members of Triatominae are of medical importance, such predictions are vitally (literally) important. For the same reason, knowledge of the subfamily relatives of medically important triatomines is important: For here too predictions about one related member can be based on knowledge of others. These points are discussed here, and the evidence for and against (especially against) monophyly of Triatominae is also discussed. The status of Linshcosteus, the only Old World genus of Triatominae, is also discussed.
Effect of Incarceration History on Outcomes of Primary Care Office-based Buprenorphine/Naloxone

Background Behaviors associated with opioid dependence often involve criminal activity, which can lead to incarceration. The impact of a history of incarceration on outcomes in primary care office-based buprenorphine/naloxone is not known.
Effects of Ultraviolet Light Irradiation in Biotreatment of Organophosphates

Excess biomass accumulation in reactor biodegradation processes is undesirable: it increases the disposal cost and upsets the operation of biological reactors if not properly controlled. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation to reduce biomass accumulation and increase the specific biodegradation activity. UV irradiation has been widely used to introduce DNA damage in bacteria. Here we apply this technology to the biodegradation of organophosphates by recombinant Escherichia coli strains that contain a recA mutation and a cloned organophosphate hydrolase gene. We show that the recA negative strains after UV irradiation reduce the growth rate but increase the specific organophosphate hydrolase activity. This increase in specific enzyme activity is not owing to continued protein synthesis from the plasmid after the damage of chromosomal DNA by UV irradiation. Rather, it is likely to be caused by an increase in membrane permeability to the substrate. Kinetic analysis suggests that the membrane transport of paraoxon is the rate-limiting step in its biodegradation.
Space WARC: The stake of developing countries

Abstract This article provides an overview of the basic issues on the eve of the WARC-ORB 85 Conference. Professor Rutkowski argues that developing countries have more at stake in achieving a flexible, yet equitable, result than do the industrialized countries. The answers lie in skilfully blending all the processes used by the ITU over the years to assure that all the interests of developing countries are met, and to allow full participation of these countries in the current telecommunications revolution.
Experimental excitation of the Dyakonov-Tamm wave in the grating-coupled configuration.

The Dyakonov–Tamm wave was experimentally excited along the periodically corrugated interface of magnesium fluoride as the isotropic homogeneous partnering material and a zinc–selenide chiral sculptured thin film (STF) as the anisotropic and periodically nonhomogeneous partnering material. The total transmittance of a p-polarized 633 nm laser beam was measured as a function of the angle of incidence for several thicknesses of the chiral STF to identify those dips in total transmittance that are indicative of the excitation of a Dyakonov–Tamm wave.
HOCl Adsorption on Ice Surfaces

HOCl has been implicated in the destruction of stratospheric ozone via a reaction catalyzed on ice surfaces in polar stratospheric clouds. Adsorption of HOCl on ice is a prototype of a simple ice surface reaction, and it has been the subject of several laboratory studies, making this a valuable case for testing theoretical approaches to ice surface reactions. The present paper describes a first-principles theoretical study of HOCl adsorption on ice, applying density functional theory (DFT) to cluster models of the (0001) surface of ice Ih. In the most stable binding configurations, HOCl acts as a proton donor in a hydrogen bond. The strength of HOCl binding on the surface depends not only on the hydrogen bonding interaction but also on electrostatic and many-body interactions with neighboring water molecules. The results of these DFT calculations are compared to post-Hartree−Fock calculations of the H2O−HOCl complex and to empirical potential simulations of HOCl on ice.
Evolution and Structure of the 6 7 May 1985 Mesoscale Convective System and Associated Vortex

Abstract Observations collected during the Oklahoma–Kansas PRE-STORM experiment are used to document the evolution and structure of the mesoscale convective system (MCS) that occurred on 6–7 May 1985. The storm began when a short squall line developed in an area of preexisting thunderstorm activity. Thunderstorm updrafts along the squall line lifted warm, moist air with its southerly momentum to the upper troposphere. A broad region of convective outflow and a mesoβ-scale updraft region with a mean vertical velocity in excess of −15 × 10−3 mb s−1 were created. A stratiform rain area with an embedded mesovortex formed behind the squall line. The vortex resided beneath the deepest upper-level outflow. The mesovortex altered the wind field and consequently became the principal organizational feature within the MCS. A descending current from the storm's rear that, depending on location, extended from 1 km to the upper troposphere was intensified and focused by the vortex. The descending rear inflow had a peak...
Free vibration of shear-flexible anti-symmetric angle-ply doubly curved panels

Abstract A hitherto unavailable analytical solution to the boundary-value problem of free vibration of an anti-symmetric angle-ply laminated shear-flexible doubly curved shell of rectangular planform is presented. A novel solution methodology, based on a boundary-continuous double Fourier series approach, is developed to solve the eigenvalue problems, involving five highly coupled linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients, resulting from Sanders' FSDT (first-order shear-deformation theory)-based formulation that also includes surface-parallel and rotatory inertias. Numerical results presented in this study exhibit, for the first time, a mode switch of numerically ordered frequencies from transverse to surface-parallel modes with the change of such geometric and material parameters as length-to-thickness ratio, radius-to-thickness ratio and lamination angle. Additionally, these results have been utilized to validate the accuracy of available CLT-bascd approximate solutions, computed using the Galerkin approach.
Accommodating imprecision in database systems: issues and solutions

Most database systems are designed under assumptions of precision of both the data stored in their databases, and the requests to retrieve data. In reality, however, these assumptions are often invalid, and in recent years considerable attention has been given to issues of imprecision in database systems. In this paper we review the major solutions for accommodating imprecision, and we describe issues that have yet to addressed, offering possible research directions.
Novel therapies for lung cancer

Abstract Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in the US. For the majority of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Despite the modest improvement in survival for these patients, prognosis remains dismal. However, the expanding knowledge of tumor biology in recent years has resulted in the promising development of a new class of “molecularly targeted” agents, which selectively target cancer cells at the molecular, biochemical, and genetic level, thus minimizing toxic effects on normal tissues. A wide range of molecularly targeted agents are being actively investigated in lung cancer therapy as single agents or in combination with conventional modalities. In this review, we discuss some of the agents furthest along in development: epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, anti-angiogenic agents, inhibitors of biologically important enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and farnesyltransferase, gene therapy including gene replacement and antisense therapy, and cell cycle disruptors.
On biorthogonal nonuniform filter banks and tree structures

This paper concerns biorthogonal nonuniform filter banks. It is shown that a tree structured filter bank is biorthogonal if it is equivalent to a tree structured filter bank whose matching constituent levels on the analysis and synthesis sides are themselves biorthogonal pairs. We then show that a stronger statement can be made about dyadic filter banks in general: That a dyadic filter bank is biorthogonal if both the analysis and synthesis banks can be decomposed into dyadic trees. We further show that these decompositions are stability and FIR preserving. These results, derived for filter banks having filters with rational transfer functions, thus extend some of the earlier comparable results for orthonormal filter banks.
Holography with Achromatic-Fringe Systems*

Spatial and temporal coherence requirements for off-axis reference-beam holograms are reduced to those for in-line holograms by using interferometer arrangements producing achromatic fringes. Using this technique, we have produced high-quality holograms of back-lighted objects, using a high-pressure mercury-arc lamp.
Interactive object recognition using proprioceptive and auditory feedback

In this paper we propose a method for interactive recognition of household objects using proprioceptive and auditory feedback. In our experiments, the robot observed the changes in its proprioceptive and auditory sensory streams while performing five exploratory behaviors (lift, shake, drop, crush, and push) on 50 common household objects (e.g. bottles, cups, balls, toys, etc.). The robot was tasked with recognizing the objects it was manipulating by feeling them and listening to the sounds that they make without using any visual information. The results show that both proprioception and audio, coupled with exploratory behaviors, can be used successfully for object recognition. Furthermore, the robot was able to integrate feedback from the two modalities, to achieve even better recognition accuracy. Finally, the results show that the robot can boost its recognition rate even further by applying multiple different exploratory behaviors on the object.
Regulation of the Yeast EKI1-encoded Ethanolamine Kinase by Inositol and Choline

Regulation of the EKI1-encoded ethanolamine kinase by inositol and choline was examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transcription of the EKI1 gene was monitored by following the expression of β-galactosidase activity driven by a PEKI1-lacZ reporter gene. The addition of inositol to the growth medium resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in EKI1 expression. Supplementation of choline to inositol-containing growth medium brought about a further decrease in expression, whereas choline supplementation alone had no effect. Analysis of EKI1 expression in ino2Δ, ino4Δ, and opi1Δ mutants indicated that the transcription factors Ino2p, Ino4p, and Opi1p played a role in this regulation. Moreover, mutational analysis showed that the UASINO element in the EKI1 promoter was required for the inositol-mediated regulation. The regulation of EKI1 expression by inositol and choline was confirmed by corresponding changes in ethanolamine kinase mRNA, protein, and activity levels. The repression of ethanolamine kinase by inositol supplementation correlated with a decrease in the incorporation of ethanolamine into CDP-ethanolamine pathway intermediates and into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine.
2-μm InGaSb/AlGaAsSb multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes

We report fabrication and characterization of light-emitting diodes operating at room temperature with a peak wavelength of ~2.0 mum by using heterostructures of InGaSb/AlGaAsSb quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates.
Strong Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds

Despite extensive efforts in the development of fabrication methods to prepare porous ceramic scaffolds for osseous tissue regeneration, all porous materials have a fundamental limitation- the inherent lack of strength associated with porosity. Shells (nacre), tooth and bone are frequently used as examples for how nature achieves strong and tough materials made out of weak components. So, the unresolved engineering dilemma is how to create a scaffold that is both porous and strong. The objective of this study was to mimic the architecture of natural materials in order to create a new generation of strong hydroxyapatite-based porous scaffolds. The porous inorganic scaffolds were fabricated by the controlled freezing of water-based hydroxyapatite (HA) slurries. The scaffolds obtained by this process have a lamellar architecture that exhibits similarities with the meso- and micro- structure of the inorganic component of nacre. Compressive strengths of 20 MPa were measured for lamellar scaffolds with densities of 32%, significantly better than for the HA with random porosity. In addition, the lamellar materials exhibit gradual fracture unlike conventional porous HA scaffolds. These biomimetic scaffolds could be the basis for a new generation of porous and composite biomaterials.
Household Transmission of 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Virus after a School-Based Outbreak in New York City, April–May 2009

In April 2009, an outbreak due to infection with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) was investigated in a New York City high school. We surveyed household contacts of ill students to characterize the extent of transmission within households, identify contact groups at highest risk for illness, and assess the potential for preventing household transmission. Influenza-like illness (ILI) was reported by 79 of 702 household contacts (11.3% attack rate). Multivariate analysis showed that older age was protective: for each increasing year of age, the risk of ILI was reduced 5%. Additional protective factors included antiviral prophylaxis and having had a household discussion about influenza. Providing care for the index case patient and watching television with the index case patient were risk factors among parents and siblings, respectively. Fifty percent of cases occurred within 3 days of onset of illness in the student. These factors have implications for mitigating the impact of pH1N1 transmission.
Susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis to 16 Antimicrobial Agents and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms Affecting Some Agents

Neisseria meningitidis represents a pathogen of great public health importance in both developed and developing countries. Resistance to some antimicrobial agents used either for therapy of invasive infections or for prophylaxis of case contacts has long been recognized, although specific guidelines for susceptibility testing have not been fully developed. We have examined the susceptibilities of a collection of 442 meningococcal clinical isolates from 15 countries to 16 antimicrobial agents. These included isolates recovered between 1917 and 2004, with representatives of all major serogroups. All isolates were tested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly NCCLS) broth microdilution method using Mueller-Hinton lysed horse blood broth, while a subset of 102 isolates was tested by agar dilution using Mueller-Hinton sheep blood agar. Most isolates provided adequate growth for MIC determinations by both broth and agar methods. Growth in broth was enhanced by CO(2) incubation and was required for two strains (1.7%). MICs of the study drugs compared favorably between the broth and agar methods (79 to 100% essential agreement), and MICs also generally agreed closely (92 to 100% essential agreement, excluding azithromycin) between broth tests incubated in the two different atmospheres. Elevated penicillin and ampicillin MICs (> or =0.12 microg/ml and > or =0.25 microg/ml, respectively) occurred in 14.3% and 8.6% of strains and were associated with polymorphisms of the penA gene encoding a modified penicillin-binding protein 2. None of the 442 isolates produced beta-lactamase. Elevated tetracycline and doxycycline (but not minocycline) MICs were associated with efflux-mediated resistance encoded by tet(B) in 13 strains. Resistance to sulfisoxazole in 21.7% of strains and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 21.0% resulted from polymorphisms of folP encoding a modified dihydropteroate synthetase. Seven strains were resistant to rifampin due to mutations in the rpoB gene, and two strains were resistant to chloramphenicol due to production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase mediated by catP. Two strains had reduced quinolone susceptibility due to mutations of gyrA. The determination of the susceptibilities of a large group of meningococcal strains (including strains with characterized resistance mechanisms) to 16 antimicrobial agents has served as the essential first step in defining susceptibility testing breakpoints specific for this organism.
Treating cardiac disease with catheter-based tissue heating

Two applications of microwave internal biological heating are discussed. Both microwave assisted balloon angioplasty (MABA) and microwave cardiac ablation (MCA) consist of an antenna applicator fed by means of coaxial cable, which passes through a catheter. The antenna designs take advantage of polarization and phase effects of microwaves to create specific power deposition patterns. MABA with a helix and mode filter balloon uses the large differences in the dielectric characteristics of high water content (HWC) and low water content (LWC) tissue to preferentially heat and weld plaque while sparing healthy artery walls. Wide aperture MCA uses an unfurlable spiral antenna within a balloon to generate a deep large ablation volume in diseased cardiac tissue. Theoretical studies have been validated with a variety of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. There is less of a potential for tissue-surface charring with microwaves than with RF ablation. Live animal studies indicate that MCA is well tolerated by animals.
RhoA-GTPase Facilitates Entry of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus into Adherent Target Cells in a Src-Dependent Manner

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (human herpesvirus 8) binds to adherent target cell surface heparan sulfate molecules via its envelope glycoproteins gB and gpK8.1A, to integrins via gB, to the transporter CD98/xCT complex, and possibly to another molecule(s). This is followed by virus entry overlapping with the induction of preexisting host cell signal pathways, such as focal adhesion kinase, Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), Rho-GTPases, protein kinase C-ζ, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Here, using hemagglutinin-tagged plasmids expressing wild-type, dominant-positive, and dominant-negative forms of RhoA in HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293 cells, we investigated the role of RhoA-GTPase in virus entry. The dominant-negative form of RhoA GTPase and treatment of target cells with Clostridium difficile toxin B (CdTxB), a specific inactivator of Rho-GTPases, significantly blocked KSHV entry. KSHV infection induced closely similar levels of FAK and PI3-K in all three cell types. In contrast, very strong Src activation was observed in KSHV-infected dominant-positive RhoA cells compared to wild-type cells, and only moderate Src activation was seen in dominant-negative cells. Inhibition of Src activation by CdTxB and reduction of RhoA activation by Src inhibitors suggest that KSHV-induced Src is involved in RhoA activation, which in turn is involved in a feedback-sustained activation of Src. Since the decreased entry in RhoA dominant-negative cells may be due to inefficient signaling downstream of RhoA, we examined the induction of RhoA-activated Dia-2, which is also known to induce Src. Dia-2 coimmunoprecipitated with activated Src, which was inhibited by Src inhibitors, in the infected cells. Together with the reduced virus entry in RhoA dominant-negative cells, these results suggest that activated RhoA-dependent Dia-2 probably functions as a link between RhoA and Src in KSHV-infected cells, mediating the sustained Src activation, and that KSHV-induced Src and RhoA play roles in facilitating entry into adherent target cells.
An Analysis of the Authorship in Management-oriented Journals: The Relationship Between School Status, Article Type, Publication Outlet, and Author Academic Position

This article examines a number of management-oriented journals with respect to the authorship and school of origin of their articles. It attempts to assess the relationship between the perceived status of the school and the publishing activity of the school's faculty. In general, it shows that faculty from higher status schools are more active in publishing, suggests that there is value to faculty in publishing in nonrefereed journals, and further suggests that schools with lower status ratings can improve their status by encouraging publication by their faculties but that such encouragement should be through a system of positive rewards rather than through a publish or perish approach.
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALPHA PLUTONIUM IN COMPRESSION

The effect of temperature, testing speed and purity on the mechanical behavior of alpha plutonium in compression was investigated. The results of the tests were generally similar to those previously reported2,3,4) except that specimen purity was observed to affect the results and a strain-aging reaction was also observed.