cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inactivating all three rb family pocket proteins is insufficient to initiate cervical cancer.

Human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) is associated etiologically with many human cervical cancers. It encodes 3 oncogenes E5 , E6 , and E7 . Of these oncogenes, E7 has been found to be the dominant driver of cervical cancer in mice. More than 100 cellular proteins have been reported to associate with HPV-16 E7, which is thought to dysregulate the cell cycle in part by binding and inducing the degradation of pRb and its related pocket protein family members, p107 and p130. The ability of E7 to inactivate the pRb family correlates with its ability to induce head and neck cancers in mice. We previously showed that the inactivation of pRb is itself not sufficient to recapitulate the oncogenic properties of E7 in cervical carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated mice that were deficient in multiple pocket proteins, including mice that lacked pRb, p107, and p130. Strikingly, combined loss of two or all 3 pocket proteins resulted in development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, but not frank cervical carcinoma. These findings strongly argue that the oncogenic properties of HPV-16 E7 in human cervical carcinogenesis may involve disruption of E7 binding proteins beyond simply the pRb family members. Cancer Res; 72(20); 5418–27. ©2012 AACR .
Rotor position sensing in switched reluctance motor drives by measuring mutually induced voltages

This paper describes a new method of indirect rotor position sensing for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. The principle is based on measuring the mutually induced voltage in an inactive phase which is either adjacent or opposite to the energized phase of an SRM. The mutual voltage in the "off" phase, induced due to the current in the active phase, varies significantly as the rotor, corresponding to the energized stator, moves from its unaligned position towards complete alignment. This mutually induced voltage variation is captured by a simple electronic circuit and then processed in a microcontroller to determine the commutation instants, thereby eliminating the need for direct rotor position sensors in an SRM. Successful operation of a four-phase SRM drive has been demonstrated in the laboratory using the mutual voltage (MV) technique of indirect rotor position sensing. The theoretical aspects of mutually induced voltages in an SRM and the relevant experimental results are presented in this paper. >
A System Architecture for Computer Intrusion Detection

An intrusion into an information system tries to compromise the security of the system. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) attempt to detect these intrusions.i¾ i¾ This paper discusses what an IDS requires from the target information system and how the IDS detects intrusions into the target information system. Specifically, we describe the architecture of a distributed host-based IDS developed at the Information and Systems Assurance Laboratory, Arizona State University.i¾ i¾ At each host machine in the information system we install an event data collector that collects and filters data of events from the host machine.i¾ i¾ The Centralized IDS Server receives the processed data and sends them to Individual Technique Servers.i¾ i¾ These Individual Technique Servers use different intrusion detection algorithms covering both anomaly detection techniques and signature recognition techniques.i¾ i¾ Each Individual Technique Server determines an intrusion warning (IW) level for each event.i¾ i¾ The Centralized IDS Server then integrates the IW levels from the Individual Technique Servers into a composite IW level, and provides it to the security administrator.
Congestion–distortion optimized video transmission over ad hoc networks

The performance of low-latency video streaming with multipath routing over ad hoc networks is studied. As the available transmission rate of individual links in an ad hoc network is typically limited due to power and bandwidth constraints, a single node transmitting multimedia data may impact the overall network congestion and may therefore need to limit its rate while striving for the highest sustainable video quality. For this purpose, optimal routing algorithms which seek to minimize congestion by optimally distributing traffic over multiple paths are attractive. To predict the end-to-end rate-distortion tradeoff, we develop a model which captures both the impact of encoder quantization and of packet loss due to network congestion on the overall video quality. The validity of the model is confirmed by network simulations performed with different routing algorithms, latency requirements and encoding structures.
Dopaminergic regulation of the GT1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal cell lines: stimulation of GnRH release via D1-receptors positively coupled to adenylate cyclase.

The release of GnRH evoked by norepinephrine (NE) was studied in GT1 GnRH neuronal cell lines in superfusion and static cultures. GnRH release from static cultured GT1-7 cells was stimulated by NE in a dose-dependent fashion. This effect was mimicked by the nonsubtype-selective beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and blocked by the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol and the beta 1-adrenergic subtype-specific antagonist CGP 20712A. However, the stimulation of GnRH release by NE was not affected by the beta 2-, alpha-, alpha 1-, or alpha 2-adrenergic antagonists ICI 118.551, phentolamine, prazosin, or yohimbine, respectively. Superfusion of GT1-1 cells with NE for 60-100 min resulted in rapid and sustained increases in GnRH secretion. The NE-stimulated GnRH release showed a higher amplitude and longer duration than the spontaneous GnRH pulses characteristic of GT1-1 cells. In parallel to the stimulation of GnRH release, NE also rapidly increased (first observed at 60 sec) the intracellular concentration of cAMP in isobutylmethylxanthine-pretreated GT1-1 and GT1-7 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The stimulation of intracellular cAMP concentration was also mimicked by isoproterenol and blocked by propranolol and CGP 20712A. In addition, GT1 cells express beta 1- but not beta 2-adrenergic receptor mRNA, as probed by Northern blot analysis. These results demonstrate a direct stimulatory effect of NE on GnRH neurons. The pharmacological evidence and the mRNA analysis are consistent with NE acting through a beta 1-adrenergic receptor positively coupled to adenylate cyclase.
An empirical model of amino acid transformations in an alpine soil

Amino acids are potentially important nitrogen (N) sources for plants in many ecosystems. However, a quantitative understanding of organic N availability is lacking for most ecosystems. This study estimates seasonal amino acid fluxes in an alpine tundra soil using three independent data sets. In previous work in an alpine dry meadow ecosystem in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, we measured significant rates of amino acid production from soil peptides during the plant growing season. This suggested that proteolysis of native soil peptides could serve as a measure of amino acid availability to plants. Here we use a simple seasonal model to test the hypothesis that soil amino acid concentrations can be predicted from rates of soil proteolysis and amino acid degradation by microbes. We present seasonal data for turnover rates of the amino acid, glutamate, in soil, and experiments on the effects of temperature and moisture on amino acid fluxes in soil. We relate these studies to previously published values of proteolysis and soil amino acid concentrations in this alpine soil. Our model shows that independent measurements of proteolytic rates, microbial amino acid uptake, and soil amino acid concentrations are consistent with each other, and that most changes in the soil amino acid pool can be explained by protease and microbial uptake rates, after adjusting for environmental conditions. Immediately after snow melts in the spring and again in late summer after the onset of monsoonal rains, measured soil amino acid concentrations were slightly lower than model predictions from measured protease and microbial uptake rates. This could indicate that, at certain times, an additional sink for amino acids exists, such as rapid plant uptake or loss from the ecosystem due to leaching. We estimate amino acid production during the snow-free season at our study site to be 103 g amino acid-N m 22 growing season 21 . This value is not only consistent with the three data sets used in this study, but also with previous studies of N transformations in the Colorado alpine. This flux could provide Kobresia myosuroides, the dominant plant in this ecosystem, with 50‐100% of its annual N requirement, based on previous plant‐microbe competition experiments. q 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
CRTC2 activation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but not paraventricular nucleus, varies in a diurnal fashion and increases with nighttime light exposure.

Entrainment of the intrinsic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) molecular clock to the light-dark cycle depends on photic-driven intracellular signal transduction responses of SCN neurons that converge on cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated regulation of gene transcription. Characterization of the CREB coactivator proteins CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs) has revealed a greater degree of differential activity-dependent modulation of CREB transactivational function than previously appreciated. In confirmation of recent reports, we found an enrichment of crtc2 mRNA and prominent CRTC2 protein expression within the SCN of adult male rats. With use of a hypothalamic organotypic culture preparation for initial CRTC2-reactive antibody characterization, we found that CRTC2 immunoreactivity in hypothalamic neurons shifted from a predominantly cytoplasmic profile under basal culture conditions to a primarily nuclear localization (CRTC2 activation) 30 min after adenylate cyclase stimulation. In adult rat SCN, we found a diurnal variation in CRTC2 activation (peak at zeitgeber time of 4 h and trough at zeitgeber time of 16–20 h) but no variation in the total number of CRTC2-immunoreactive cells. There was no diurnal variation of CRTC2 activation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, another site of enriched CRTC2 expression. Exposure of rats to light (50 lux) for 30 min during the second half of their dark (nighttime) phase produced CRTC2 activation. We observed in the SCN a parallel change in the expression of a CREB-regulated gene (FOS). In contrast, nighttime light exposure had no effect on CRTC2 activation or FOS expression in the paraventricular nucleus, nor did it affect corticosterone hormone levels. These results suggest that CRTC2 participates in CREB-dependent photic entrainment of SCN function.
Facilitating Cooperative Learning In Online and Blended Courses: An Example from an Integrated Marketing Communications Course

Employers today expect that students will be able to work in teams. Cooperative learning theory addresses how skills such as decision making, problem solving and communication can be learned by individuals in group settings. This paper discusses how cooperative learning can be used in an online and blended environment to increase active learning for students. Strategies to enhance collaboration in the online environment are discussed. The use of online discussions, blogs and experiential learning through an undergraduate integrated marketing communications plan are provided as examples of cooperative learning in online and blended environments.
Hedgehog acts by distinct gradient and signal relay mechanisms to organise cell type and cell polarity in the Drosophila abdomen

The epidermis of the adult Drosophila abdomen is formed by a chain of anterior (A) and posterior (P) compartments, each segment comprising one A and one P compartment. In the accompanying paper (Struhl et al., 1997), we provide evidence that Hedgehog protein (Hh), being secreted from P compartment cells, organises the pattern and polarity of A compartment cells. Here we test whether Hh acts directly or by a signal relay mechanism. We use mutations in Protein Kinase A (PKA) or smoothened (smo) to activate or to block Hh signal transduction in clones of A compartment cells. For cell type, a scalar property, both manipulations cause strictly autonomous transformations: the cells affected are exactly those and only those that are mutant. Hence, we infer that Hh acts directly on A compartment cells to specify the various types of cuticular structures that they differentiate. By contrast, these same manipulations cause non-autonomous effects on cell polarity, a vectorial property. Consequently, we surmise that Hh influences cell polarity indirectly, possibly by inducing other signalling factors. Finally, we present evidence that Hh does not polarise abdominal cells by utilising either Decapentaplegic (Dpp) or Wingless (Wg), the two morphogens through which Hh acts during limb development. We conclude that, in the abdomen, cell type and cell polarity reflect distinct outputs of Hh signalling and propose that these outputs are controlled by separable gradient and signal relay mechanisms.
Evidence of reactive astrocytes but not peripheral immune system activation in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation and is one of the few known genetic causes of autism. FXS results from the loss of Fmr1 gene function; thus, Fmr1 knockout mice provide a model to study impairments associated with FXS and autism and to test potential therapeutic interventions. The inhibitory serine phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is lower in brain regions of Fmr1 knockout mice than wild-type mice and the GSK3 inhibitor lithium rescues several behavioral impairments in Fmr1 knockout mice. Therefore, we examined if the serine phosphorylation of GSK3 in Fmr1 knockout mice also was altered outside the brain and if administration of lithium ameliorated the macroorchidism phenotype. Additionally, since GSK3 regulates numerous functions of the immune system and immune alterations have been associated with autism, we tested if immune function is altered in Fmr1 knockout mice. The inhibitory serine phosphorylation of GSK3 was significantly lower in the testis and liver of Fmr1 knockout mice than wild-type mice, and chronic lithium treatment reduced macroorchidism in Fmr1 knockout mice. No alterations in peripheral immune function were identified in Fmr1 knockout mice. However, examination of glia, the immune cells of the brain, revealed reactive astrocytes in several brain regions of Fmr1 knockout mice and treatment with lithium reduced this in the striatum and cerebellum. These results provide further evidence of the involvement of dysregulated GSK3 in FXS, and demonstrate that lithium administration reduces macroorchidism and reactive astrocytes in Fmr1 knockout mice.
The Gametophyte of Diphasiastrum sitchense

Abstract The spores of Diphasiastrum sitchense germinate in the dark on a nutrient medium containing inorganic nutrients and glucose. Dark-grown prothalli develop into white, carrot-shaped gametophytes with a tapering base, constricted neck, and gametangial cap. The antheridia are large and sunken, and the archegonia have long necks with numerous neck canal cells. The tapering base has a zone of radially elongated cells that is comparable to the inner mycorrhizal zone of Diphasiastrum gametophytes from nature. Although possessing few derived sporophytic characters, D. sitchense has a typical carrot-shaped, Diphasiastrum gametophyte.
The effects of DBS patterns on basal ganglia activity and thalamic relay

Thalamic neurons receive inputs from cortex and their responses are modulated by the basal ganglia (BG). This modulation is necessary to properly relay cortical inputs back to cortex and downstream to the brain stem when movements are planned. In Parkinson's disease (PD), the BG input to thalamus becomes pathological and relay of motor-related cortical inputs is compromised, thereby impairing movements. However, high frequency (HF) deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be used to restore relay reliability, thereby restoring movements in PD patients. Although therapeutic, HF stimulation consumes significant power forcing surgical battery replacements, and may cause adverse side effects. Here, we used a biophysical-based model of the BG-Thalamus motor loop in both healthy and PD conditions to assess whether low frequency stimulation can suppress pathological activity in PD and enable the thalamus to reliably relay movement-related cortical inputs. We administered periodic pulse train DBS waveforms to the sub-thalamic nucleus (STN) with frequencies ranging from 0---140 Hz, and computed statistics that quantified pathological bursting, oscillations, and synchronization in the BG as well as thalamic relay of cortical inputs. We found that none of the frequencies suppressed all pathological activity in BG, though the HF waveforms recovered thalamic reliability. Our rigorous study, however, led us to a novel DBS strategy involving low frequency multi-input phase-shifted DBS, which successfully suppressed pathological symptoms in all BG nuclei and enabled reliable thalamic relay. The neural restoration remained robust to changes in the model parameters characterizing early to late PD stages.
Acute coronary syndromes: don't bypass the clopidogrel.

The thienopyridine agent clopidogrel, added to aspirin and antithrombin therapies, benefits patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The efficacy of clopidogrel compared with placebo in these patients was firmly established first in the CURE (Clopidogrel in Unstable
Blackmail and Economic Analysis

Blackmail consists of two things, each indisputably legal on their own; yet when combined in a single act, the result is considered a crime. First, one may gossip, and, provided that what is said is true, there is nothing illegal about it. Truth is an absolute defense. Second, if one may speak the truth, one may also threaten to speak the truth. Yet, if someone requests money in exchange for silence - money in exchange for giving up the right of free speech - it is a crime.The law and economics literature takes the position that blackmail should be illegal on efficiency grounds. This author rejects the law and economics analysis. He maintains that because it is legal to gossip, it should therefore be legal to threaten to gossip, unless paid not to do so. In brief, blackmail is a victimless crime, and should be legalized if justice is to be attained. This author criticizes several other writers who take the efficiency position, focusing most of his arguments on a paper written by Douglas Ginsburg and Paul Schechtman.
The Importance of Trade Secrecy: Evidence from Civil Litigation

This paper examines the importance of trade secrecy relative to other forms of intellectual property protection for a sample of 530 manufacturing firms. I identify all litigation involving these firms in the federal and state judicial districts encompassing their headquarters over a four-and-a-half year period. I find that trade secret disputes are commonplace, representing 43% of the intellectual property litigation. Cases litigated by smaller firms disproportionately involve trade secrets, suggesting that this source of intellectual property protection is more critical to these companies. This result is consistent with view that less established firms employ trade secrecy because the direct and indirect costs of patenting are too large. The analysis also suggests that previous studies of the relationship between firm size and the number of patents and public announcements of innovations may understate the contribution of small firms.
sCARE: Reputation Estimation for Uncertain Web Services

In this article, we propose a Statistical Cloud-Assisted Reputation Estimation (sCARE) approach for service-oriented environments in uncertain situations. sCARE uses the ratings from cooperating service consumers to uniformly describe the randomness and fuzziness of the different submitted ratings and their associated relationships in quantitative terms. We also define discriminant functions to model the honesty (or lack thereof) of the service raters. Experiment results show that our proposed model performs in a fairly accurate manner for a number of real-world scenarios. A comparison study with similar existing works is also provided to asses sCARE’s performance.
Closed-orbit theory for photodetachment in a time-dependent electric field

The standard closed-orbit theory is extended for the photodetachment of negative ions in a time-dependent electric field. The time-dependent photodetachment rate is specifically studied in the presence of a single-cycle terahertz pulse, based on exact quantum simulations and semiclassical analysis. We find that the photodetachment rate is unaffected by a weak terahertz field, but oscillates complicatedly when the terahertz pulse gets strong enough. Three types of closed classical orbits are identified for the photoelectron motion in a strong single-cycle terahertz pulse, and their connections with the oscillatory photodetachment rate are established quantitatively by generalizing the standard closed-orbit theory to a time-dependent form. By comparing the negative hydrogen and fluorine ions, both the in-phase and antiphase oscillations can be observed, depending on a simple geometry of the contributed closed classical orbits. On account of its generality, the presented theory provides an intuitive understanding from a time-dependent viewpoint for the photodetachment dynamics driven by an external electric field oscillating at low frequency.
Effect of Taxus Foliage and Extract on the Toxicity of Some Pyrethroid Insecticides to Adult Black Vine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The pyrethroid insecticides fenvalerate, permethrin, and fluvalinate were more toxic to adult black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), on yew, Taxus media Rehder, foliage rather than on leaves of strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne, or cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Feeding weevils untreated yew foliage or an ethanolic extract of yew needles for 24 h before placing them on fenvalerate-treated strawberry leaves greatly increased knockdown. Host plant species must be considered when pyrethroids are used for control of adult black vine weevil.
The Effect of Subcutaneously Injected Epinephrin in Normal Human Subjects.

The conditions under which subcutaneously injected epinephrin gives a pressor effect in the dog, have been studied by Luckhardt and Koppanyi,1 who found that, when the site of injection has been massaged, there was a rise in blood pressure of from 15 to 180 mm. of Hg. following each massage. Lilienthal2 used this method in the treatment of asthma and shock in man and obtained pressor responses upon massaging the injected area, for nearly 48 hours following the injection of 0.3 cc. of epinephrin 1:1000. The blood pressure elevations he obtained were comparatively slight (7 to 10 mm. of Hg.). In view of these observations it seemed desirable to investigate the action of subcutaneously injected epinephrin in normal human subjects.Six young healthy medical students were subjected to subcutaneous epinephrin injections (0.4 cc. of a 1:1000 solution). Before injection the normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the heart and respiratory rates were determined. From 10 to 15 minutes following the injectio...
Simulation of Release of Sex-Linked Translocation Homozygotes for Population Replacement

A deterministic computer model was built to evaluate various release strategies of sex-linked translocation homozygotes for the purpose of replacement of a local population of Aedes aegypti (L.) in a Kenyan village. The model incorporated overlapping generations, density-dependent larval survivorship, mating competiveness of males for females, immigration of wild types, and the release of adults or pupae. The results of exercising the model indicate that the immigration of wild types can prevent the achievement of total replacement of the local population and that an equilibrium translocation frequency will be reached. The particular value of the translocation frequency depends on immigration and release rates, as well as the sex of the immigrants. In the absence of immigration, and with the exception of translocation homozygous females that have not been mated to like males, selection is frequency dependent. If immigration is allowed when the release is stopped, the translocation frequency declines. The rate at which it declines depends on the immigration rate. Most of the kinds of adult releases are more efficient than release of pupae. Reduced mating competitiveness of wild males for released homozygous females has little influence on the success of releases, if females have mated to homozygous males before release. It is surmised that the high intensity of larval competition decreases the influence of mating competitiveness in both adult and pupal releases. A decrease in adult survivorship has little effect in continous releases, if translocation females have been mated to like males before release. It does increase the time in which fixation of the translocation is achieved, if adult releases are stopped or if pupae are released.
Suppression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response by Anti-Inflammatory Peptide Release from Reducible Thermosensitive Nanoparticles

Activated macrophages constitute key players in the development of inflammatory disease such as osteoarthritis. Treatment of inflammatory disorders using peptide drugs may be effective by promoting anti-inflammatory effects. However, poor bioavailability and potential peptide antigenicity may result in unwanted immune responses thus limit its commercial applications. Therefore, in order to improve the efficacy of the peptide drug, alternative delivery approaches must be sought. For this purpose, we designed a reducible thermosensitive biocompatible poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) polymer as a drug carrier to protect the peptide from enzymatic degradation, thus increasing the half-life and efficacy of the peptide. The studies presented suggest pNIPAm nanoparticles can be an effective alternative tool for treatment of osteoarthritis ex-vivo model.
Expression signature distinguishing two tumour transcriptome classes associated with progression-free survival among rare histological types of epithelial ovarian cancer

The mechanisms of recurrence have been under-studied in rare histologies of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) (endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous, and low-grade serous). We hypothesised the existence of an expression signature predictive of outcome in the rarer histologies. In split discovery and validation analysis of 131 Mayo Clinic EOC cases, we used clustering to determine clinically relevant transcriptome classes using microarray gene expression measurements. The signature was validated in 967 EOC tumours (91 rare histological subtypes) with recurrence information. We found two validated transcriptome classes associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in the Mayo Clinic EOC cases (P=8.24 × 10−3). This signature was further validated in the public expression data sets involving the rare EOC histologies, where these two classes were also predictive of PFS (P=1.43 × 10−3). In contrast, the signatures were not predictive of PFS in the high-grade serous EOC cases. Moreover, genes upregulated in Class-1 (with better outcome) were showed enrichment in steroid hormone biosynthesis (false discovery rate, FDR=0.005%) and WNT signalling pathway (FDR=1.46%); genes upregulated in Class-2 were enriched in cell cycle (FDR=0.86%) and toll-like receptor pathways (FDR=2.37%). These findings provide important biological insights into the rarer EOC histologies that may aid in the development of targeted treatment options for the rarer histologies.
Computational multiobjective topology optimization of silicon anode structures for lithium-ion batteries

This study utilizes computational topology optimization methods for the systematic design of optimal multifunctional silicon anode structures for lithium-ion batteries. In order to develop next generation high performance lithium-ion batteries, key design challenges relating to the silicon anode structure must be addressed, namely the lithiation-induced mechanical degradation and the low intrinsic electrical conductivity of silicon. As such this work considers two design objectives, the first being minimum compliance under design dependent volume expansion, and the second maximum electrical conduction through the structure, both of which are subject to a constraint on material volume. Density-based topology optimization methods are employed in conjunction with regularization techniques, a continuation scheme, and mathematical programming methods. The objectives are first considered individually, during which the influence of the minimum structural feature size and prescribed volume fraction are investigated. The methodology is subsequently extended to a bi-objective formulation to simultaneously address both the structural and conduction design criteria. The weighted sum method is used to derive the Pareto fronts, which demonstrate a clear trade-off between the competing design objectives. A rigid frame structure was found to be an excellent compromise between the structural and conduction design criteria, providing both the required structural rigidity and direct conduction pathways. The developments and results presented in this work provide a foundation for the informed design and development of silicon anode structures for high performance lithium-ion batteries.
Abstract 4176: The homeobox gene DLX4 stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated angiogenesis in ovarian cancer

Increasing evidence indicates that the free radical gas nitric oxide plays an important role in stimulating angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms that control nitric oxide-mediated angiogenesis in tumors are poorly understood. We previously identified that DLX4, a transcription factor encoded by a homeobox gene, stimulates ovarian tumor progression and correlates with poor outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. In this study, we identified that high DLX4 expression in ovarian cancer specimens is strongly associated with elevated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme that generates nitric oxide. DLX4 induced iNOS expression in ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft models. We identified that DLX4 interacts with STAT1 and induces iNOS expression in a STAT1-dependent manner. In in vitro studies, inhibition of iNOS abrogated the stimulatory effects of DLX4 on nitric oxide production, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and endothelial cell growth. Furthermore, inhibition of iNOS abrogated the stimulatory effects of DLX4 on tumor microvessel density and ascites formation in ovarian cancer xenograft models. Collectively, our findings indicate that DLX4 contributes to ovarian tumor progression in part by promoting nitric oxide-mediated angiogenesis. This is the first report that functionally links the aberrant expression of a developmental patterning gene in tumors with free radical gas generation. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Bon Q. Trinh, Song Yi Ko, Dhwani Haria, Nicolas Barengo, Honami Naora. The homeobox gene DLX4 stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4176. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4176
Comparison of readmission data between different categories of antipsychotic drugs at a state psychiatric hospital in Oregon

Abstract Introduction: This chart review utilizes readmission rates and mean time to readmission as markers of drug efficacy to compare different categories of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs), antipsychotic polypharmacy, and clozapine to oral antipsychotic monotherapy (OM) at a state psychiatric hospital in Oregon (Oregon State Hospital). Methods: Charts were reviewed for patients discharged between October 20, 2011, and September 23, 2015, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum or mood disorder. Admission dates, discharge dates, and discharge antipsychotics were reviewed for each patient dating back to 1991. Discharge antipsychotics were categorized into groupings of LAIAs, antipsychotic polypharmacy, and clozapine and compared with OM to assess readmission data within 1, 3, and 5 years of discharge. The primary end point was readmission rate, measured as a percentage, and the secondary end point was mean time to readmission (MTR), measured in days. Results: Of 1088 patients reviewed, t...
Qualitative insights into how men with low-risk prostate cancer choosing active surveillance negotiate stress and uncertainty

Active surveillance is a management strategy for men diagnosed with early-stage, low-risk prostate cancer in which their cancer is monitored and treatment is delayed. This study investigated the primary coping mechanisms for men following the active surveillance treatment plan, with a specific focus on how these men interact with their social network as they negotiate the stress and uncertainty of their diagnosis and treatment approach. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews at two academic institutions located in the northeastern US. Participants include 15 men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer following active surveillance. The decision to follow active surveillance reflects the desire to avoid potentially life-altering side effects associated with active treatment options. Men on active surveillance cope with their prostate cancer diagnosis by both maintaining a sense of control over their daily lives, as well as relying on the support provided them by their social networks and the medical community. Social networks support men on active surveillance by encouraging lifestyle changes and serving as a resource to discuss and ease cancer-related stress. Support systems for men with low-risk prostate cancer do not always interface directly with the medical community. Spousal and social support play important roles in helping men understand and accept their prostate cancer diagnosis and chosen care plan. It may be beneficial to highlight the role of social support in interventions targeting the psychosocial health of men on active surveillance.
Septic Shock and Resuscitation Strategies

Sepsis and septic shock are a common cause of admission to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Moreover, it remains a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality in the SICU. Despite the clear culpability of this affliction to cause disease, its understanding, and hence treatment, remains unclear. This discussion focuses on the current updated definitions of sepsis and its entities, explains the underlying pathophysiology, and attempts to provide a framework for its treatment.
Cases from Ujam’s Miscellaneous Writings (ca. 1833–56) by Chang T’ae-gyŏng

Chang T’ae-gyŏng 張泰慶 (1809–87) recorded the details of 47 medical cases and 130 prescriptions in his medical treatise Ujam’s Miscellaneous Writings (Ujam chapchŏ 愚岑雜著). 1 As a scholarly physician, Chang treated people of all ages and both sexes in what is today Kwangju, South Chŏlla, the south-western province of Korea. In the hope of documenting his knowledge and experience for the benefit of later generations, Chang collated the various cases and prescriptions together with some brief associated writings, such as his own theory of acupuncture, parts of a poem that he had composed, his friend’s poem in response, an explanation of the meaning of his sobriquet ‘Ujam’ ( ho 號), and a ‘written prayer’ ( ch’ukmun 祝文) for the text. Although they were circulated locally, it appears that Chang’s cases were not officially published during his lifetime. Chang’s descriptions of his healing activities not only exemplify scholarly medicine in practice, but in them are also found his dialogic interaction with various patients and folk healers.
MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES IN NORMAL, FETAL, AND GRAVID RABBIT BLADDER, HEART AND UTERUS

In the rabbit bladder, pregnancy has been shown to induce a significant decrease in both muscarinic receptor density and response to muscarinic stimulation. Neonatal rabbit bladders have a high muscarinic receptor density and contractile response to bethanechol stimulation. The bladders from 7 gravid rabbits, 7 age-matched virgin controls, and 32 fetal rabbits of 3 week gestation were studied. Compared to control tissue, filtration binding demonstrated receptor density to be 24.3% lower in gravid bladder dome, 41.2% lower in gravid bladder base, and 114.8% higher in fetal bladders. While total receptor density was not different from control in gravid heart, fetal hearts showed a 2.5 fold increased receptor density. There was also a 61% reduction in muscarinic receptor density in the gravid uterus.
Using Feature Detection and Richardson Extrapolation to Guide Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Vortex-Dominated Flows

The article describes a Cartesian-based adaptive mesh refinement approach applied to vortex-dominated flows. Several distinct feature-detection methods are investigated to furnish a means for tagging cells for refinement. In each case, appropriate normalization is defined so that the process is automated for a range of operating conditions. Richardson extrapolation is proposed to assess the local error and terminate the mesh refinement once adequate error reduction is achieved.
Simultaneous analysis of aminoglycosides with many other classes of drug residues in bovine tissues by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using an ion-pairing reagent added to final extracts.

The way to maximize scope of analysis, sample throughput, and laboratory efficiency in the monitoring of veterinary drug residues in food animals is to determine as many analytes as possible as fast as possible in as few methods as possible. Capital and overhead expenses are also reduced by using fewer instruments in the overall monitoring scheme. Traditionally, the highly polar aminoglycoside antibiotics require different chromatographic conditions from other classes of drugs, but in this work, we demonstrate that an ion-pairing reagent (sodium 1-heptanesulfonate) added to the combined final extracts from two sample preparation methods attains good separation of 174 targeted drugs, including 9 aminoglycosides, in the same 10.5-min ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) analysis. The full method was validated in bovine kidney, liver, and muscle tissues according to US regulatory protocols, and 137–146 (79–84%) of the drugs gave between 70 and 120% average recoveries with ≤ 25% RSDs in the different types of tissues spiked at 0.5, 1, and 2 times the regulatory levels of interest (10–1000 ng/g depending on the drug). This method increases sample throughput and the possible number of drugs monitored in the US National Residue Program, and requires only one UHPLC–MS/MS method and instrument for analysis rather than two by the previous scheme.
Perceptions of Balanced Justice and Rehabilitation for Drug Offenders

Drug courts were designed as a way to provide both rehabilitation and sanction-based approaches to drug offenders. Yet studies have not directly tested a “balanced” approach to justice for drug offenders. Drawing on the work of Mears, Pickett, and Mancini, this study adapts the philosophical tenets of juvenile courts into a drug court setting. This study uses multinomial logistic regression from a sample of 575 undergraduate criminology and criminal justice students from a large southern university to assess support for sanctioning approaches for nonviolent and violent drug offenders. Findings suggest that participants support a balanced justice approach to sanctioning violent drug offenders, whereas supporting a rehabilitation approach to sanctioning nonviolent drug offenders. The findings from this study highlight the importance of the public’s differing views on sanctioning drug-involved offenders.
Significance of Negative Posttreatment 18-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Patients With p16/HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Purpose Patients with p16/human papilloma virus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma have a favorable outcome after treatment. In this group of patients who could have a long life expectancy, the optimal surveillance strategy and modality is not well established. We aim to determine the ability of a negative postradiation positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography scan to predict the risk of subsequent relapse in these patients. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with p16/HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who completed definitive (chemo)radiation therapy and had a posttreatment PET/computed tomography scan from 2006 to 2013 was performed. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and clinical outcomes were recorded. Tumors were considered HPV/p16 positive if either HPV (by in situ hybridization) or p16 (by immunohistochemistry) was positive. Disease-free survival and overall survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results In our study, 327 patients were evaluated. The median age was 57 years. The most common primary sites were base of tongue (50%) and tonsil (48%). Of the patients evaluated, 291 (89%) had a negative posttreatment PET scan. For these 291 patients who had a complete metabolic response after treatment, the 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 91% and 89%, respectively. The median time to development of recurrence was 16 months. Of the 291 patients, 24 patients (8%) had disease recurrence; 13 recurrences were locoregional, and 13 were distant. Eleven (4%) patients with recurrence had further surgery or radiation, and 8 patients (3%) were without disease as of the last follow-up. Conclusions Patients who achieve a complete metabolic response on posttreatment PET imaging have an excellent prognosis, and the risk of developing a recurrence in the future is very low. Therefore, a more cost effective surveillance program should be considered for this subgroup of patients.
An overview of the biologic effects of omega-6 oxylipins in humans

Oxylipins are lipid mediators produced from polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and are thought to be a molecular explanation for the diverse biological effects of PUFAs. Like PUFAs, oxylipins are distinguished by their omega-6 (n6) or omega-3 (n3) chemistry. We review the use of n6 oxylipins as biomarkers of disease and their use in diagnosis and risk assessment. We show cases where oxylipins derived from linoleate (LA) or arachidonate (AA) produced by the activities of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, epoxygenase, ω/ω-1 hydroxylase, and autooxidation are useful as biomarkers or risk markers. HODEs, KODEs, EpOMEs, DiHOMEs, and other metabolites of LA as well as prostanoids, HETEs, KETEs, EpETrEs, and DiHETrEs, and other metabolites of AA were useful for understanding the different signaling environments in conditions from traumatic brain injury, to major coronary events, dyslipidemia, sepsis, and more. We next evaluate interventions that alter the concentrations of n6 oxylipins in plasma. We note the utility and response of each plasma fraction, and the generally increasing utility from the non-esterified, to the esterified, to the lipoprotein fractions. Finally, we review the effects which are specifically related to n6 oxylipins and most likely to be beneficial. Both n6 and n3 oxylipins work together in an exceedingly complex matrix to produce physiological effects. This overview should provide future investigators with important perspectives for the emerging utility of n6 oxylipins as products of n6 PUFAs in human health.
Career Advancement for Young Women with Visual Impairments

Young women with visual impairments need to learn strategies for both acquiring and advancing in careers. This article presents a qualitative research study of six successful female college graduat...
Successful ablation of a nonreentrant dual atrioventricular nodal tachycardia.

Selective radiofrequency catheter ablation of the slow pathway ofthe AV node has become the treatment of choice for AV nodal reentranttachycardia. We describe a case of a nonreentrant AV nodal tachycardia andits successful treatment by slow pathway ablation.
HORMONES AND GENDER | Hormones and Epilepsy

Seizures that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle, or catamenial seizures, occur in about one-third of women with epilepsy. There are three patterns of catamenial epilepsy. In each, seizure frequency increases when circulating estrogen is high and progesterone is low. Animal studies consistently show that progesterone is anticonvulsant, whereas estrogen can be either pro- or anticonvulsant – depending on the duration of hormone exposure and brain areas involved. Understanding the cellular and circuit level mechanisms by which progesterone and estrogen influence excitatory glutamatergic, inhibitory GABAergic, and neuropeptidergic systems in seizure-prone neural circuits can help to identify targets for new antiseizure therapies.
Control of Outdoor Laser Hazards

Tank-mounted laser rangefinders (LRF) were fielded in the US Army in the early 70’s. Since that time laser target designators (LTD) and direct fire simulators (DFS) have been developed. Fire-control lasers (LRFs and LTDs) are either Class 3 or Class 4 systems according to the laser hazard classification scheme used by the U.S. Army. These fire-control lasers can cause serious retinal injury from exposure to the direct beam and may only be operated with restrictive procedures in the training environment. DFS are training devices that are used to simulate the firing of direct fire weapons in the tactical training environment. The DFS are considered safe for field use and the use of DFS constitute the biggest occupational exposure to lasers in the US Army.
Galactofuranosyl-containing lipoglycopeptide in Penicillium.

Fungi secrete numerous macromolecules which are derived from a) walls, b) enzymes, and c) subcellular organelles. These macromolecules are subject to the action of lytic enzymes located in the nutrient medium. Therefore, many polymers found in media supporting fungal growth are degradation products of more complex substances. For instance, galactocarolose, a 5-O-s-D-galactofuranosyl-containing decasaccharide, and mannocarolose, an α-D-mannopyranosyl-containing nonasaccharide, first isolated from 28-day culture filtrates of Penicillium charlesii and partially characterized in W. N. Haworth’s laboratory1, 2 have been shown to be derived from a more complex glycopeptide3–5 which first appears in the growth medium soon after formation of conidia.6 Because of the composition of the complex glycopeptide we have referred to it as a peptidophosphogalactomannan.3 The glycopeptide may be the major polysaccharide-containing substance secreted prior to general lysis of the fungus.6, 7 Peptidophosphogalactomannans and/or peptidogalactomannans have been obtained from Cladosporium werneckii,8, 9 species of Aspergillus,10–12 several species of dermatophytes from the genera of Trichophyton and Microsporum, 13, 14 Fulvia fulva (Cooke) Ciferril5 and several species of Penicilliuml0, 16, 17 and may be common constituents of many genera of fungi.
Abstract 023: Development Of Molecular Beacons Targeting Atrial Natriuretic Factor Mrna For Live Cell Sorting

Introduction: Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation protocols generate both working and nodal cardiomyocytes, however this mixed cell population is not ideal for clinical applications. N...