cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gravity of Northern Channel Islands: ABSTRACT

The northern Channel Islands form a regional gravity high which forms a break in the dominant northwest-southeast gravity pattern south of the islands and the east-west gravity and structural pattern found on the north in the Transverse Ranges province of California. Both northwest-southeast and east-west components are apparent in the gravity and structure on the islands. Thus, the northern Channel Islands lie on the border between Transverse Ranges structure and the northwest-trending structures characteristic of the rest of California. The complete Bouguer anomaly values across the northern Channel Islands range from 20 to 80 mgal. North of the Santa Cruz Island fault there is little variation in the complete Bouguer anomaly except toward the east across the Anacapa Passage, where the complete Bouguer anomaly decreases sharply. This decrease reflects the deepening of the basement rock under the Santa Barbara Channel. South of the Santa Cruz Island fault, a continuous gravity pattern extends from the schist exposures on Santa Cruz Island to Point Bennett on San Miguel Island. This continuity in gravity suggests that the basement rock and the Santa Rosa basin also are continuous from the southwestern part of Santa Cruz Island to the western tip of San Miguel Island. The lowest gravity values are found in the Santa Cruz Passage, a fact that indicates that the center of the Santa Rosa basin is between Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. This gravity low is an extension of the gravity low in the Santa Cruz basin on the south and suggests that the Santa Rosa basin is a northern continuation of the Santa Cruz basin. A gravity high south of San Miguel Island and a high north of Santa Rosa Island give evide ce for two possible preexisting source areas, which supplied sediments to the area of San Miguel and Santa Rosa Islands. Sparker profiles in the Santa Cruz Passage show the presence of a northwest-trending fault along Santa Cruz Canyon, but the continuity of the gravity data across this region shows that this fault is unimportant. A second fault, the Santa Rosa Island fault, cannot be seen on the sparker profiles, nor is it reflected in the complete Bouguer anomaly values over Santa Rosa Island. Therefore, this fault also is insignificant in regional structure. The Santa Cruz Island fault, in contrast, is reflected markedly in the gravity pattern over the island, and may have produced a large amount of lateral offset. End_of_Article - Last_Page 470------------
Fourier Spectral Filter Array Design For Multispectral Image Recovery

A methodology for spectral image acquisition that maintains optimal spatial and spectral resolution while providing video-rate data collection with accurate spatial-spectral registration is defined. The derived sampling approach exploits inherent support of spatial/spectral scene information.
Influence of back pressure of ink cartridge on regular operation of ink supply system

The influence of back pressure of ink cartridge on regular operation of ink supply system was dealt with in the paper. In recent years, large ink supply system has developed at lot o increase the print usage of cartridge; however, the amount of back pressure in the cartridge may change very much when the cartridge would be equipped with ink supply system. It might further result in different printing behavior of cartridge in the printer. It's much of interest int he study. Therefore, experiments were done to determine what influence might occur in one specific test system. It was found that ink droplet, nozzle firing, and print quality were significantly influenced over the time of ink supply. The experimental result was helpful in future design of ink supply system.
Development of high-specific-activity 68Ga-labeled DOTA-rhenium-cyclized α-MSH peptide analog to target MC1 receptors overexpressed by melanoma tumors

Abstract Introduction A previous report on 68 Ga-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodedecane- N , N ′, N ″, N ′″-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH was shown to indicate the imaging agent's potency for early detection of metastatic melanoma. However, the main limiting factor to developing high-specific-activity 68 Ga-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH is the short half-life of 68 Ga, which precludes further purification of the agent. To circumvent this problem, we incorporated the microwave technique to rapidly radiolabel the peptide with 68 Ga, thereby allowing enough time to include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification in the overall procedure. Methods DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH was radiolabeled with 68 Ga in 68 Ga-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH was then administered on B16/F1 murine melanoma-bearing C57 mice to study its biodistribution and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging capability. Results The production of high-specific-activity 68 Ga-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH resulted in an improved tumor uptake [6.93±1.11%ID/g at 30 min postinjection (p.i.) and 6.27±1.60%ID/g at 1 h p.i.] and tumor retention (5.85±1.32%ID/g at 4 h p.i.). Receptor-mediated tumor uptake was verified by blocking studies. Furthermore, high-resolution PET images of the tumor were obtained, owing to high tumor-to-nontarget organ ratios at an early time point (i.e., at 1 h biodistribution: tumor/blood, 14.3; tumor/muscle, 89.6; tumor/skin, 12.3) and fast clearance of the labeled peptide from kidney and other healthy tissues. Conclusion High-specific-activity 68 Ga-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH may have a potential role in the early diagnosis of metastasized melanoma.
Emotional Responses to a Professional Service Encounter

Considers the interaction between customer and provider in professional service encounters, where extended person‐to‐person discussions frequently take place. Describes an experiment in which subjects read and reacted to stories describing such encounters, which included three service variables – competency, outcome and courtesy. Reports on the emotional responses of the subjects, finding that courtesy was responsible for most of the variation in response. Discusses the managerial implications resulting from the study, notably the importance of courtesy in professional service encounters.
Analyzing center specific outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplantation

Reporting transplant center-specific survival rates after hematopoietic cell transplantation is required in the United States. We describe a method to report 1-year survival outcomes by center, as well as to quantify center performance relative to the transplant center network average, which can be reliably used with censored data and for small center sizes. Each center’s observed 1-year survival outcome is compared to a predicted survival outcome adjusted for patient characteristics using a pseudovalue regression technique. A 95% prediction interval for 1-year survival assuming no center effect is computed for each center by bootstrapping the scaled residuals from the regression model, and the observed 1-year survival is compared to this prediction interval to determine center performance. We illustrate the technique using a recent center specific analysis performed by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, and study the performance of this method using simulation.
STUDY OF CAVERNOSAL ARTERIAL ANATOMY USING COLOR AND POWER DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY: IMPACT ON HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT

AbstractPurpose: We report on color and power Doppler ultrasound to study cavernosal arterial anatomy, and evaluate the impact of vascular anatomy on the measurement of hemodynamic parameters.Materials and Methods: Cavernosal arterial anatomy of 42 patients with erectile dysfunction was evaluated using color and power Doppler ultrasound. A computerized waveform analysis was used to measure peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity and resistive indexes at various sites, including the penile crura, and proximal mid and distal penile shaft. Hemodynamic parameters were measured in each artery in cases of bifurcated or multiple cavernosal arteries.Results: A total of 80 corpora were adequately evaluated. We observed a single artery without major proximal branches in 37 corpora, a single artery with major proximal branches in 17, bifurcated arteries in 15, 2 cavernosal arteries in 4 and marked arterial tortuosity in 1. In 6 corpora the main cavernosal artery arose from the superficial dorsal artery. The p...
Race and athletic performance: A physiological review

That African American athletes, particularly males, dominate or are far over-represented numerically in certain sporting events—or conversely, that European Americans are under-represented in some events—is obvious to even the casual observer. One of the major potential confounding factors when studying differences between groups is to define the groups. The very concept and definition of race is disputed in many quarters. Some authors believe the concept of race is useful in generalizing and communicating about genetically different groups of humankind, while others view it as invalid, transient, and undefinable. Proportionality, the relationships of body segments and dimensions, have been compared relative to race. It is now generally accepted that African Americans as a group tend to have proportionally longer limbs, shorter trunks, and narrower pelvic girdles than do Caucasians relative to overall height. Motor skill tests and speed studies are plentiful with respect to racial comparisons in children.
Plutoniumxenon and iodinexenon chronology of three light-dark-structured chondrites

Abstract 244 Pu/ 136 Xe and 129 I/ 129 Xe decay intervals of the dark phases of three chondrites— Leighton, Fayetteville, and Pantar—are calculated and the results are discussed with reference to their origin from a material similar in composition to that of carbonaceous chondrites.
A Novel Way to Authenticate Untrusted Integrated Circuits

Counterfeit Integrated Circuits (IC) can be very harmful to the security and reliability of critical applications. Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) have been proposed as a mechanism for uniquely identifying ICs and thus reducing the prevalence of counterfeits. However, maintaining large databases of PUF challenge response pairs and dealing with PUF errors makes it difficult to use PUFs reliably. This paper presents an innovative approach to authenticate PUF challenge response pairs on IC chips. The proposed method can tolerate considerable bit errors from responses of PUFs without the use of error correcting codes. It is successful in authenticating 99.96% authorized chips and filtering out 99.92% cloned chips. The overhead is reduced by 65.62% compared to that of other authenticating solutions.
Oxidative stress is involved in age-dependent spermatogenic damage of Immp2l mutant mice

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in spermatogenic damage, although direct in vivo evidence is lacking. We recently generated a mouse in which the inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase 2-like (Immp2l) gene is mutated. This Immp2l mutation impairs the processing of signal peptide sequences from mitochondrial cytochrome c₁ and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2. The mitochondria from mutant mice generate elevated levels of superoxide ion, which causes age-dependent spermatogenic damage. Here we confirm age-dependent spermatogenic damage in a new cohort of mutants, which started at the age of 10.5 months. Compared with age-matched controls, protein carbonyl content was normal in testes of 2- to 5-month-old mutants, but significantly elevated in testes of 13-month-old mutants, indicating elevated oxidative stress in the testes at the time of impaired spermatogenesis. Testicular expression of superoxide dismutases was not different between control and mutant mice, whereas that of catalase was increased in young and old mutants. The expression of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase 4 (phospholipid hydroperoxidase) in testes was significantly reduced in 13-month-old mutants, concomitant with impaired spermatogenesis. Apoptosis of all testicular populations was increased in mutant mice with spermatogenic damage. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation rate in germ cells of mutant mice with impaired spermatogenesis was unchanged, excluding a major role of mtDNA mutation in ROS-mediated spermatogenic damage. Our data show that increased mitochondrial ROS are one of the driving forces for spermatogenic impairment.
50-GHz drive amplifier for integration with polymer Mach-Zehnder device

We present the results for a 50GHz drive amplifier for use with a Mach-Zehnder modulator. The MMIC device is packaged using a flexible substrate technology to obtain compact size and broadband performance. The packaged device exhibits well-matched transmission lines on the input and output, and large gain and bandwidth. The MMIC performance is directly related to performance of the drain bias circuit.
Radionuclide Uptake and Transport on Microbes in Potential Repository Drifts at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Radionuclide adsorption onto microbes, microbial retention in the engineered barrier system (EBS), and their potential release from the EBS as microbial colloids have been investigated. The microbial source term for these calculations was derived using MING V 1.0 software code [1]. Multiple model calculations from MING representing variations in possible microbial communities in the EBS were abstracted into two equations representing one meter segments of potential repository drift containing either commercial spent nuclear fuel (CSNF) or defense high level waste (HLW) packages. These two equations (Equations 1 and 2) represent the average cumulative microbial biomass generated in the EBS at any given time. A distribution for uranium uptake onto microbes (162.88 ± 133.05 mg U/gm dry cell) was applied to the microbial source term. The distribution was derived from the data set in Suzuki and Banfield [2] representing 45 different species of bacteria and fungus, covering uranium uptake at optimum pH values of 1 to 7. The mass of uranium sorbed onto the biomass was either sequestered in the EBS or transported as a microbial colloid based on a regression of data from Jewett et al. [3] representing microbial sorption onto air-water interfaces in unsaturated column experiments. Over one million years, it is estimated that EBS microbes may adsorb from 77 to 2302 kg of uranium [2302 kg U > 100% of the uranium available in a one meter segment of a CSNF waste package] per meter of waste package depending on the saturation of the invert and type of waste package. Over the same time, microbial colloids may transport from 8 to 1250 kg of adsorbed uranium per meter of waste package from the EBS.
Salmon GnRH and Its Analogues Bind the Human Placental Receptor

OBJECTIVE: The presence of GnRH receptors in the human placenta has been recognized for a number of years. However, mammalian GnRH, which is expressed in placental tissues, has limited affinity for the chorionic receptor. On the basis of immunological and bioactivity data, we have previously proposed that the chorionic GnRH may differ from mammalian GnRH. METHODS: We have studied the affinity of another isoform of GnRH (ie, salmon GnRH and stable analogues of this GnRH isoform), and compared their receptor affinity to that of mammalian GnRH and its analogues. RESULTS: Using our receptor assay method with the labeled mammalian GnRH analogue Buserelin, salmon GnRH had a twofold greater affinity for the placental GnRH receptor than did mammalian GnRH and for the stable salmon GnRH analogue the affinity was increased tenfold. Using a homologous receptor assay method with a stable salmon GnRH analogue as label, the affinity for this salmon GnRH analogue had a K(d) of 101 nmol/L. CONCLUSION: The presence of these higher affinity receptors for non-mammalian GnRH in the human placenta has led us to propose that the chorionic tissues may express more than one isoform of GnRH and that non-mammalian GnRH, such as salmon GnRH, may be potent regulators of placental functions.
Evolution of disability in late 19th century America: Civil War pensions for Union Army veterans with musculoskeletal conditions

This article examines the evolution of musculoskeletal (MSK) disability and its impact on mortality and work patterns in the late 19th century in America, in the context of the Civil War disability policy scheme. The study was conducted on 17,702 Union Army (UA) Civil War veterans. Of these, 10,789 were examined and diagnosed with major MSK conditions, rheumatism, sciatica, and spinal curvature, between 1862 and 1907. Analyses examine MSK (i) prevalence rates by birth cohort and age group; (ii) fatality rates as compared with other disabilities; (iii) risk rates by occupation type; and (iv) lifespan for MSK patients. MSK conditions are commonly claimed disabilities within the Civil War data set, with prevalence rates increasing with age. Regression studies show that working in clerical and professional (relative to manual labor) occupations decreases the likelihood of being examined for and diagnosed with MSK conditions. MSK patients examined at older ages tended to have longer lifespan than those examined at younger ages. The findings suggest that changes in age, environmental, and occupational conditions during the late 19th century affected MSK condition prevalence and the average lifespan of MSK patients. Implications for contemporary disability policy are discussed.
Society of Pediatric Psychology Presidential Address: Toward a Social Ecology of Pediatric Psychology

Although pediatric psychologists have contributed much to the clinical and research literature regarding the effects of chronic illness on children’s cognitive and social development, unfortunately we have been less productive in examining the reciprocal influence of children’s illness on other systems including peer relationships, schools, and health care providers. There are distinct reciprocal interactions between children with chronic illness and systems surrounding them. In this article, I argue that cultural systems, family systems, peers, schools, and health care providers influence the adjustment and adaptation of children with chronic illness and that children with chronic disease also have reciprocal influences on these systems. For the purpose of this article, I will draw primarily from my own program of research, as well as the programs of research from close colleagues. The literature reviewed here does not represent an exhaustive review of social ecology; rather, the purpose of the article is to provide exemplars to illustrate the notion regarding reciprocal influences of systems on pediatric populations and pediatric populations on systems. I argue for a greater systems approach in pediatric psychology. We should consider in our future research agenda the reciprocal interactions of children’s illness on systems and systems’ issues on children’s adjustment and adaptation to illness. The scope of the article is limited to family systems, broader social
Epigenetic regulation of olfactory receptor gene expression by the Myb–MuvB/dREAM complex

In both mammals and insects, an olfactory neuron will usually select a single olfactory receptor and repress remaining members of large receptor families. Here we show that a conserved multiprotein complex, Myb–MuvB (MMB)/dREAM, plays an important role in mediating neuron-specific expression of the carbon dioxide (CO2) receptor genes (Gr63a/Gr21a )i nDrosophila. Activity of Myb in the complex is required for expression of Gr63a/ Gr21a and acts in opposition to the histone methyltransferase Su(var)3-9. Consistent with this, we observed repressive dimethylated H3K9 modifications at the receptor gene loci, suggesting a mechanism for silencing receptor gene expression. Conversely, other complex members, Mip120 (Myb-interacting protein 120) and E2F2, are required for repression of Gr63a in inappropriate neurons. Misexpression in mutants is accompanied by an increase in the H3K4me3 mark of active chromatin at the receptor gene locus. Nuclei of CO2 receptor-expressing neurons contain reduced levels of the repressive subunit Mip120 compared with surrounding neurons and increased levels of Myb, suggesting that activity of the complex can be regulated in a cell-specific manner. Our evidence suggests a model in which olfactory receptors are regulated epigenetically and the MMB/dREAM complex plays a critical role in specifying, maintaining, and modulating the receptor-to-neuron map.
Effectiveness of Gentian Violet and Similar Products Commonly Used to Treat Pyodermas

The term pyoderma encompasses a variety of distinct entities including impetigo (bullous and nonbullous), erysipelas, cellulitis, folliculitis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Treatment of pyodermas centers around wound care and appropriate antibiotic selection. Triphenylmethane dyes, such as gentian violet, represent a unique group of compounds that act as antiseptics and have shown clinical efficacy as antibiotics in a variety of pyodermas, including those secondary to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Given their low cost, ease of application, and favorable side effect profile, triphenylmethanes must be considered legitimate treatment options for pyodermas, particularly in the face of continued and emerging bacterial resistance.
High Frequency of Ras Mutations in Forestomach and Lung Tumors of B6C3F1 Mice Exposed to 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone for 2 Years

1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone (ADBAQ) is an anthraquinone-derived vat dye, and a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals. In a 2-year study with dietary exposure to 10,000 or 20,000 ppm ADBAQ, increased incidence of forestomach and lung tumors were observed in B6C3F1 mice. The present study indentified genetic alterations in H-ras and K-ras proto-oncogenes in ADBAQ-induced tumors. Point mutations in ras proto-oncogenes were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism, single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis and cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA isolated from paraffin-embedded squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas in the forestomach, and alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas in the lung. A higher frequency of ras mutations was identified in ADBAQ-induced forestomach (23/32, 72%) and lung tumors (16/23, 70%) than in spontaneous forestomach (4/11, 36%) and lung tumors (26/86, 30%). H-ras codon 61 CTA mutations were detected in (4/8, 50%) ADBAQ-induced forestomach squamous cell papillomas and (10/24, 42%) squamous cell carcinomas, but not in the spontaneous forestomach tumors examined. H-ras codon 61 CGA mutation (6/24, 25%) was also detected in ADBAQ-induced forestomach squamous cell carcinomas. K-ras codon 61 A to T transversions and A to G transitions were prominent in ADBAQ-induced lung alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas. The major finding of A to T transversions or A to G transitions in forestomach and lung tumors suggests that ADBAQ or its metabolites target adenine bases in the ras proto-oncogenes and that these mutations play a dominant role in multi-organ
Survival of Dicor glass-ceramic dental restorations over 16 years. Part III: effect of luting agent and tooth or tooth-substitute core structure.

Abstract Statement of Problem. The influence of different types of restorative design features on the long-term survival of Dicor glass-ceramic restorations is only partially understood. Purpose. This study examined the effect of different types of luting agents and preparation core structures on the survival of Dicor glass-ceramic restorations functioning in vivo. Material and Methods. A total of 1444 Dicor glass-ceramic restorations were placed on the teeth of 417 adults. Failure was defined as a restoration that required remake because of material fracture. The survival of restorations of different types, with different luting agents and preparation core structures, was described with Kaplan-Meier survival functions. The significance of differences in survival between different tooth or tooth-substitute preparation core structures and different luting agents was determined with the log-rank test. Results. The probability of survival of a typical acid-etched Dicor restoration luted to gold preparation core structures was 91% at 16 years compared with 75% for dentin preparation core structures ( P P P Conclusion. Acid-etched Dicor restorations luted to gold preparation core structures exhibited significantly better intraoral survival than restorations luted to dentin. Acid-etched Dicor restorations survived better than nonacid-etched restorations when luted to dentin preparations. Acid-etched Dicor restorations luted with resin composite exhibited more favorable survivor functions than restorations luted with glass ionomer or zinc phosphate agents. (J Prosthet Dent 2001;86:511-19.)
Electrochemical deposition in deep vias

Copper is used as interconnects on chips. It is laid down in deep vias by electrodeposition. For the simple case, the rate of electrodeposition on the shoulders is much greater than that at the bottom, and the via-mouth closes during the process and a bubble is captured inside. Approximate solutions to the electrodeposition process, when the transport is diffusion controlled and when it is reaction controlled, are obtained. It is shown that bubbles are easily captured in diffusion-controlled systems, but no bubbles are captured in the reaction-controlled system. However, the diffusion-controlled system has very low currents, low electrodeposition rates, and low production rates, and the reaction-controlled system has even lower rates. Based on these, the existing solutions to the bubble-capture problem are briefly reviewed to suggest that inducing natural convection appears most promising. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Genetic and quantitative assessment of Vibrio vulnificus populations in oyster (Crassostrea virginica) tissues.

Summary Vibrio vulnificus is a leading cause of shellfish- associated food-borne illness. US regulations stipu- late shellfish processing procedures to limit V. vulnificus densities; however, the effect of these pro- cedures on V. vulnificus strain distribution and/or genetic diversity is unknown. Vibrio vulnificus con- centrations and strain diversity were analysed in various oyster tissues stored overnight at 26°C that were subsequently divided into two treatment groups: one received post-harvest processing (PHP) via individual quick freeze and one was stored on ice. Vibrio vulnificus densities were 10-fold lower in all PHP-treated tissues compared with untreated tissues. Genetic diversity of V. vulnificus was assessed by BOX-PCR genotyping and was high in all oyster tissues, but was significantly lower in untreated com- pared with PHP-treated oysters. BOX-PCR discrimi- nated strains into BOX-C (clinical-associated) and BOX-E (environmental-associated) types based on a 1.1 kb DNA band, which correlated well (83% agree- ment) with 16S rRNA (A/B) typing. A significantly higher proportion of BOX-C isolates were recovered from PHP oysters compared with untreated oysters (24% of all isolates versus 12%) suggesting that BOX-C strains may be more resistant to treatment. These results reveal highly diverse populations of V. vulnificus in oysters with different responses to PHP, emphasizing the need to better understand the organ- ism's ecology and population genetics to optimize food safety practices.
2-Methoxy-3-nitrophenol

The crystal structure of 2-meth­oxy-3-nitro­phenol, C7H7NO4, is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions.
Effect of Alcohol Administration on Mg2+ Homeostasis in H9C2 Cells

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy represents one of the main clinical complications in chronic alcoholics. This pathology contrasts the seemingly beneficial effect of small doses of alcohol on the cardiovascular system. Studies carried out in liver cells exposed acutely or chronically to varying doses of EtOH indicate that intrahepatic alcohol metabolism results in a major loss of cellular Mg2+. To investigate whether EtOH administration also induced Mg2+ extrusion in cardiac cells, H9C2 cells were exposed to varying doses of EtOH for short- or ling-term periods of time. The results indicate that H9C2 cells exposed to EtOH doses higher than 0.1% (v/v, or 15 mM) extruded Mg2+ into the extracellular medium on a time- and dose-dependent manner. Consistent with the involvement of cyP4502E1 in metabolizing EtOH, administration of chloro-methiazole (CMZ) as an inhibitor of the cytochrome prevented EtOHinduced Mg2+ loss to a large extent. EtOH-induced Mg2+ extrusion was also prevented by the administration of di-thiotreitol (DTT) and n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), two agents that prevent the negative effects of ROS formation and free radicals generation associated with EtOH metabolism by cyP4502E1. Taken together, our data indicate that Mg2+ extrusion also occur in cardiac cells exposed to EtOH as a result of alcohol metabolism by cyP4502E1 and associated free radical formation. Interestingly, Mg2+ extrusion only occurs at doses of EtOH higher than 0.1% administered for an extended period of time. The significance of Mg2+ extrusion for the onset of alcoholic cardiomyopathy remains to be elucidated.
Nonblocking WDM switches based on arrayed waveguide grating and limited wavelength conversion

Constructing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) switches with cheap components and low complexity is an important problem in optical networking. Typically, there are two request models widely considered. In one model, a connection request asks to go from a wavelength on an input finer of the WDM switch to a particular wavelength on an output fiber. In the other, a connection only needs to get to a particular output fiber, irrespective of what wavelength it will be on. We give novel constructions of strictly nonblocking and rearrangeably nonblocking WDM switches for both request models using limited range wavelength converters and arrayed waveguide grating routers. We fully analyze their blocking characteristics. Our designs are all relatively simple and easy to be laid out, and are useful for both optical circuit-switching and optical packet/burst switching. As far as we know, these are the first of such constructions.
Improving VLIW Processor Performance Using Three-Dimensional (3D) DRAM Stacking

This work studies the potential of using emerging 3D integration to improve embedded VLIW computing system. We focus on the 3D integration of one VLIW processor die with multiple high-capacity DRAM dies. Our proposed memory architecture employs 3D stacking technology to bond one die containing several processing clusters to multiple DRAM dies for a primary memory. The 3D technology also enables wide low-latency buses between clusters and memory and enable the latency of 3D DRAM L2 cache comparable to 2D SRAM L2 cache. These enable it to replace the 2D SRAM L2 cache with 3D DRAM L2 cache. The die area for 2D SRAM L2 cache can be re-allocated to additional clusters that can improve the performance of the system. From the simulation results, we find 3D stacking DRAM main memory can improve the system performance by 10%~80% than 2D off-chip DRAM main memory depending on different benchmarks. Also, for a similar logic die area, a four clusters system with 3D DRAM L2 cache and 3D DRAM main memory outperforms a two clusters system with 2D SRAM L2 cache and 3D DRAM main memory by about 10%.
Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule-Associated Protein Is a Negative Regulator of the CD8 T Cell Response in Mice

The primary manifestation of X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, caused by a dysfunctional adapter protein, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein (SAP), is an excessive T cell response upon EBV infection. Using the SAP−/− mouse as a model system for the human disease, we compared the response of CD8+ T cells from wild-type (wt) and mutant mice to various stimuli. First, we observed that CD8+ T cells from SAP−/− mice proliferate more vigorously than those from wt mice upon CD3/CD28 cross-linking in vitro. Second, we analyzed the consequence of SAP deficiency on CTL effector function and homeostasis. For this purpose, SAP−/− and wt mice were infected with the murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68). At 2 wk postinfection, the level of viral-specific CTL was much higher in mutant than in wt mice, measured both ex vivo and in vivo. In addition, we established that throughout 45 days of MHV-68 infection the frequency of virus-specific CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ was significantly higher in SAP−/− mice. Consequently, the level of latent infection by MHV-68 was considerably lower in SAP−/− mice, which indicates that SAP−/− CTL control this infection more efficiently than wt CTL. Finally, we found that the Vβ4-specific CD8+ T cell expansion triggered by MHV-68 infection is also enhanced and prolonged in SAP−/− mice. Taken together, our data indicate that SAP functions as a negative regulator of CD8+ T cell activation.
Toward a “Theoretical Toolbox” for the Supplier-Enabled Fuzzy Front End of the New Product Development Process

As technology life cycles have shortened in both products and processes, more research attention has been placed on the involvement of suppliers within the new product development (NPD) process. The majority of this research focuses on the execution-oriented back-end (production through product launch) resulting in a dearth of research centered on the fuzzy front end (FFE; idea generation through a production-ready product). This is surprising considering that the FFE is arguably the most important and challenging phase in the NPD process coupled with how critical suppliers may be to this phase of NPD. To provide a foundation for future inquiry in this important, but underdeveloped, research area, we describe how five promising theories can help inform future research centered on how suppliers can enhance the FFE of the NPD process. Specifically, we use: (1) resource orchestration theory; (2) real options theory; (3) tournament theory; (4) attribution theory; and (5) justice theory to help make the FFE of the NPD process become less “fuzzy” and more concrete.
Beam physics of the 8-GeV H-minus linac

Fermilab is developing the concept and design of an 8-GeV superconducting H-minus linac with the primary mission of increasing the intensity of the Main Injector for the production of neutrino superbeams. The front-end of the linac up to 420 MeV operates at 325 MHz and accelerates beam from the ion source using a room temperature radio-frequency quadrupole followed by short CH type resonators and superconducting spoke resonators. In the high energy section, the acceleration is provided by the International Linear Collider (ILC)-style superconducting elliptical 1.3 GHz cavities. The beam physics for the linac is presented in this paper using two beam dynamics codes: TRACK and ASTRA.
Trends in CMOS image sensor technology and design

Three trends that promise to increase CMOS image sensor system performance are presented: (i) modifications of deep submicron CMOS processes to improve their imaging characteristics, (ii) developments that take advantage of these modified deep submicron processes, and (iii) high frame rate sensors and applications to still and video imaging, specifically to extending sensor dynamic range. Recent research on Digital Pixel Sensors and applications of its high frame rate to still and video imaging are discussed.
Comparison of the GMRES and ORTHOMIN for the black oil model in porous media

We deal with the application of the GMRES algorithm to a three-dimensional, three-phase black oil model used in petroleum reservoir simulation. Comparisons between the GMRES and ORTHOMIN algorithms in terms of storage and total flops per restart step are given
Gaps in the binary weight distributions of Reed-Solomon codes

When a Reed-Solomon code is expanded to form a binary code, certain combinations of the spectrum of the Reed-Solomon code and the basis used for the expansion result in large gaps in the weight distribution of the binary code. It is shown that the size of these gaps can be bounded by computing the sums of various powers of the basis elements and applying a theorem normally used for cyclic codes. This explains why codes obtained by using a polymomial basis often have smaller gaps in their weight distributions than those obtained by using a normal basis. Similar results apply to the number of intersections between codewords, which can be used to show that the codewords are orthogonal. >
Photoinduced Space-Charge Gratings in Semi-Insulating Multiple Quantum Wells

High-order spatial harmonics of photo-induced space-charge gratings are observed in semi-insulating photorefractive quantum wells. Two-wave mixing combined with four-wave mixing in holographic thin films can provide a versatile probe of absorption and photorefractive gratings.
Complementarities between IT and Firm Diversification and Performance Implications

This paper empirically investigates the role played by IT in diversified firms with respect to firm performance, emphasizing the complementary relationship between IT and firm diversification. First by reviewing management and finance literature, we briefly examine different types of diversification, including related diversification, unrelated diversification, and geographic diversification, particularly regarding their relationship to firm performance. Then we empirically test the interaction effects between IT and different types of diversification on firm performance and find out that the interaction between IT and related diversification has a significantly positive impact on performance. Our hypotheses and findings are consistent with prior theory-based argument that IT when used to leverage the difference in strategic resources can have a positive impact on firm performance. As a whole, this paper aims to enrich the IT business value studies by taking on a new perspective or contingency under which IT does matter to firms.
Ethical dilemmas in retrospective studies on genital surgery in the treatment of intersexual infants.

Because the practiceshave been developed without long-term studies to evaluate them, pediatricurologists and parents of such children must face decisions with very littleguidance from empirical support. In the face of ignorance about what is reallythe best medical response to intersexuality or genital abnormalities, some haveargued for a moratorium on infant genital surgery until empirical studies areavailable.
Cancer-related fatigue: "It's so much more than just being tired".

Summary Fatigue is highly prevalent among persons with cancer and has great impact on their lives. The cancer-related fatigue (CRF) experience is subjective and multidimensional; understanding it from the individual's perspective is essential. This qualitative study explored the meaning of CRF from the individual's perspective. A phenomenological approach, embodiment, served as the philosophical framework. The study was conducted in a freestanding outpatient cancer clinic in a major metropolitan area. Ten cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy received audio-tape recorded semi-structured individual interviews and six completed a 2-week daily diary keeping activity. Data analysis proceeded through reduction methodology to seek commonalities in meanings, situations, and embodied experiences. The analysis resulted in the following thematic categories: different fatigue, physical sensations, "I cannot…", emotional sensations, gaining sense of control, fatigue as holistic experience. Participants described fatigue of an unexpected kind and degree that was much more than just being tired. Their inability to anticipate the scope of CRF and lack of awareness of strategies to combat CRF distressed some participants. Various individual strategies, based on personal experience, were developed to regain a sense of control. Health care providers can be instrumental in enabling cancer patients to recognize and manage CRF.
Happiness and Education: Happiness as an Aim of Life and Education

In these opening chapters, I explore various views on happiness, on the relation between suffering and happiness, and on the satisfaction of needs as a major aspect of happiness. I then call for a revival of the discussion on aims (aims-talk) in education and attempt to justify the establishment of happiness as an aim of education. These chapters provide a foundation for the discussion of educating for happiness in personal life (Part 2) and in public life (Part 3).
Motivational Text Message Intervention for Eating Disorders: A Single-Case Alternating Treatment Design Using Ecological Momentary Assessment.

Abstract Objective This study tested a motivational text message treatment adjunct for individuals with eating disorders (EDs) who exhibited high dietary restraint/restriction. Method: A replicated single-case alternating treatment design was used to examine (a) the feasibility of combining a brief motivational interview with subsequent text messages and (b) the influence of the text messages on eating behaviors and motivation to change in individuals with EDs ( N = 12). The protocol was 8 weeks and the text messages were adjunctive to cognitive-behavioral therapy. Results: The intervention was well accepted (mean rating = 7/10) and feasible within the context of monetary compensation (mean daily monitoring compliance = 91%). Text messages did not impact behavioral outcomes: dietary restraint and kilocalorie intake. They had mixed effects on motivation to change dietary restraint, measured by the Readiness and Motivation Questionnaire (RMQ). When receiving text messages, RMQ precontemplation scores (desire to restrict) significantly increased, indicating decreased motivation; however, action scores (effort toward reducing dietary restraint) significantly increased, indicating increased motivation. These effects were moderated by weight status. Underweight individuals ( n = 4; body mass index [BMI] n = 8; BMI > 19.0) reported only increased action toward reducing restriction in response to the text messages. Discussion: These data demonstrate text messages are a potentially feasible and acceptable treatment adjunct and may be effective at increasing motivation to change for normal weight individuals, while their influence on underweight patients is more complex. These findings provide a foundation for future research in technology-based motivational interventions for EDs and offer preliminary evidence for using these methods among normal weight individuals.
The Sudy of Pyrolytic Products of Polymer Materials by Mass Spectrometry III Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Pyrolytic Products of Polyacrylonitrile and Polyvinylidene Chloride

The gaseous and volatile products formed by the pyrolyses of polyacrylonitril and polyvinylidene chloride in a vessel under existence of the calibrated amount of air at various temperatures were analysed quantatively by means of a mass spectrometer. As the result, the main components of the gaseous and volatile products formed from polyacrylonitril and polyvinylidene chloride were identified. Similar experiments were also carried out on the synthetic fablics, and the main components of the gaseous and volatile products formed by pyrolyses were identified.
Testing of a new drag relationship for non-spherical particle geometries using the two fluid model

The present work presents the implementation of a newly developed drag model into computational code Fluent. The drag correlation previously developed is used to predict the behavior of a gas-solid packed bed computationally. For the comparison, bed pressure drop is plotted for different superficial velocities for three different particle sphericities 0.5, 0.65, and 0.9 and compared to experiments. The computational domain consisted of dimensions equal to the experimental setup. The experimental test facility was equipped with pressure, flow, and visualization measurement capabilities with dimensions of 12 cm diameter and 0.8m height. The newly developed drag model was implemented through the use of a userdefined-function in Fluent using the two-fluid model. Results showed that the maximum difference between computational and experimental values were 11.8% which is within experimental uncertainty. Hence implementation of this drag model may help researchers using the two-fluid model to more accurately predict hydrodynamic behaviors in a gas-solid packed bed.
DT-BAR: A DYNAMIC ANT RECOMMENDER TO BALANCE THE OVERALL PREDICTION ACCURACY FOR ALL USERS

Ant colony algorithms have become recently popular in solving many optimization problems because of their collaborative decentralized behavior that mimics the behavior of real ants when foraging for food. Recommender systems present an optimization problem in which they aim to accurately predict a user’s rating for an unseen item by trying to find similar users in the network. Trust-based recommender systems make use of trust between users. T-BAR was the first successful application of an ant colony algorithm to trust-based recommender systems but it lacked the ability to deal with cold start users. In this paper we propose a dynamic trust-based ant recommender (DT-BAR) that solves the problem of cold start users by locally initializing the pheromone level on edges using the dynamically changing information within each neighborhood as ants pass by. DT-BAR increases the communication between ants and emphasizes the importance of trust in the pheromone initialization process.
Effect of the Polymorphism at Exon 3 of Insulin-like Growth Factor I(IGF-I) Gene onthe Growth Traits of Shanxi White Pig

Insulin-like growth factorⅠ(IGF-Ⅰ)is the main regulatory factor for animal growth,development and metabolism,and it is the main mediator that the growth hormones activate the growth activity. The polymorphism at the exon 3 of IGF-Ⅰ gene in Shanxi White Pig population was detected by PCR-SSCP. Three alleles of A,B and C were detected and six genotypes of AA,AB,AC,BB,BC and CC were found. The frequency of allele A was higher(0.549)than those of alleles of B and C,which were 0.173 and 0.278 respectively. In the case of genotype distribution,the frequencies of homozygote AA, heterozygote AB and AC (0.230,0.204,and 0.434 respectively) were higher than those of other genotypes(less than 10%). The effects of mutation site on the birth weight,weaning weight and body weight,body height,body length,chest girth,back-fat thickness at the age of six months of Shanxi White Pig were analyzed by using the least square method. The results showed that the mutation site had significant influences on the body height of six-month pigs(P0.05)and the body height of six-month pigs with BC genotype was significant shorter than other genotypes(P0.05). But the mutation site had no significant effect on other traits(P 0.05).