cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of NaOH(aq) in hydrothermal solutions

Apparent molar volumes and osmotic coefficients of NaOH solutions, calculated from critically evaluated literature data on volumes and vapor pressures, were used to fit the Pitzer equations to yield ion-interaction parameters as a function of temperature and pressure. These parameters allow the calculation of osmotic activity coefficients from 0-350/sup 0/C, saturation pressure to about 400 bars and 0-10 molal NaOH, and volumetric properties at saturation pressure over the same temperature and concentration range. Because the parameters for osmotic and activity coefficients above 300/sup 0/C are based on less precise data, and because of possible ion-pairing above this temperature, calculated values above 300/sup 0/C are considered only as best estimates available at this time. Partial molar volumes at infinite dilution calculated for NaOH are combined with literature data for NaCl, HCl, and H/sub 2/O to yield the pressure dependence of the ionization of water to 200/sup 0/C, and are also combined with the potentiometric data of SWEETON et al. (1974) on the ionization of water to calculate the infinitely dilute partial molar volume of HCl to 300/sup 0/C. Specific volumes of NaOH solutions at saturation pressure and up to 350/sup 0/C are also calculated and tabulated.
How Often Likelihood Ratios are Misleading in Sequential Trials

How often would investigators be misled if they took advantage of the likelihood principle and used likelihood ratios—which need not be adjusted for multiple looks at the data—to frequently examine accumulating data? The answer, perhaps surprisingly, is not often. As expected, the probability of observing misleading evidence does increase with each additional examination. However, the amount by which this probability increases converges to zero as the sample size grows. As a result, the probability of observing misleading evidence remains bounded—and therefore controllable—even with an infinite number of looks at the data. Here we use boundary crossing results to detail how often misleading likelihood ratios arise in sequential designs. We find that the probability of observing a misleading likelihood ratio is often much less than its universal bound. Additionally, we find that in the presence of fixed-dimensional nuisance parameters, profile likelihoods are to be preferred over estimated likelihoods whic...
Programming Languages: A general purpose graphic language

Interactive use of computers with graphic terminals will permit many new problems to be solved using machines. In order to handle a variety of applications, it is expedient to develop a general purpose graphic language that is useful on a number of graphic devices. A system has been designed to produce such a language quickly and cheaply. A model graphic language which has been developed with the system is presented.
Electron-impact excitation of hydrogen atoms: Energies between the n=3 and n=4 thresholds.

The cross sections for excitation of hydrogen atoms from the n = 1 and n = 2 states are calculated for incident energies between 12.1 and 12.75 eV. The calculations are made variationally, and employ a large pseudostate basis. Energies and widths of resonances are obtained.
Water table depths and color patterns in Spodosols of two hydrosequences in Northern Michigan, USA

Abstract Relationships between soil color patterns and depth and duration of water tables were studied using piezometers in two hydrosequences of Spodosols. Most mottles in E and B horizons appeared to reflect differences in eluviation and illuviation, respectively. Color indices developed for Udalfs, Aqualfs, Aquolls and Aquepts were not helpful in relating soil color patterns in these Spodosols to water saturation. Redoximorphic features were identified with difficulty in most saturated horizons. Low Fe content in spodic horizons was a good indicator of water saturation. Landscape position was also useful in ranking length of saturation in the soils of each hydrosequence. Water saturation appeared to hinder translocation of Al and Fe in these soils.
Sinus Preservation Management for Frontal Sinus Fractures in the Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Era: A Systematic Review

We systematically reviewed the existing literature supporting the efficacy and safety of sinus preservation management for frontal sinus fractures in the modern era of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. A systematic review of the English literature for the targeted objective was conducted using the PubMed database between January 1995 and August 2008. The PubMed database was queried using two major search terms of frontal sinus fracture or frontal sinus injury along with manual review of citations within bibliographies. Citations acquired from the primary search were filtered and relevant abstracts were identified that merited full review. Articles were identified that included any cohort of patients with frontal sinus fractures involving the frontal sinus outflow tract or posterior wall with sinus preservation management. A total of 231 citations were generated, and 56 abstracts were identified as potentially relevant articles. Sixteen articles merited full review, with seven articles meeting inclusion criteria for sinus preservation. There were 515 total patients in the studies with 350 patients managed with frontal sinus preservation. Similar short-term complications and effectiveness were found between fractures managed with sinus preservation and those with traditional management. Sinus preservation appears to be a safe and effective management strategy for select frontal sinus fractures. More transparent reporting of management strategies for individual cases or cohorts is needed. A standardized algorithm and categorization framework for future studies are proposed. Longer-term follow-up and larger prospective studies are necessary to assess the safety and efficacy of sinus preservation protocols.
AUCTION-LIKE MECHANISMS FOR PRICING EXCLUDABLE PUBLIC GOODS

Abstract We study the problem of strategy-proof mechanism design for indivisible and excludable public goods. Applying Vickrey's theory of auctions we associate a class of strategy-proof mechanisms to two types of procedures, the “English Auction-Like Mechanism” (EALM) and the “Sealed Bid Auction-Like Mechanism” (SBALM). We show that these two Auction-Like Mechanisms lead to identical outcomes. We justify the use of these mechanisms as compared to other strategy-proof mechanisms by arguing that outcomes of the SBALM maximize welfare. In the absence of capacity constraints the SBALM balances the budget and becomes Moulin's ( Rev. Econ. Stud. 61 (1994), 305–325) serial cost sharing rule and the conservative equal costs rule. If capacity constraints are binding, the SBALM does not necessarily balance the budget and becomes a generalized version of Vickrey's second price auction (see Kleindorfer and Sertel, J. Econ. Theory 64 (1994), 20–34). Thus our results unify and provide justification for different procedures arising in two separate strands of the literature on mechanism design. Journal of Economic Literature classification numbers: H41, C72, D78.
Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica treated by jet injector.

SUMMARY A Porto-jet injector was employed to treat forty-five cases of granuloma annulare and five cases of necrobiosis lipoidica with triamcinolone acetonide or sterile normal saline. Complete clearance of granuloma annulare lesions was achieved in nearly 70% of those receiving triamcinolone and in 44% with saline. Inadequate penetration of lesions was responsible for a number of failures. The rate of recurrence after treatment was high but retreatment was usually successful. In three cases of necrobiosis lipoidica complete resolution occurred, while in one, partial improvement was obtained. No serious complications of this type of treatment were observed.
Inhibition of viral interferon induction in mammalian cell cultures by azo dyes and derivatives activated with rat liver S9 fraction.

Abstract Four azo dyes (Benzopurpurine 4B, trypan blue, Direct Blue 15, and Congo red) and their derivatives ( o -tolidine, o -dianisidine, and benzidine) were studied for their effect on induction of interferon by influenza virus in mammalian, Rhesus monkey kidney (LLC-MK 2 ), cell monolayers. Whereas Benzopurpurine 4B, Direct Blue 15, and Congo red inhibited viral interferon induction from approximately 35 to 60%, negligible inhibition was noted with trypan blue and other derivative compounds. By comparison, when rat S9 fraction was used for enzymatic activation of azo dyes and derivatives, interferon inhibition was significantly depressed moreover ( P 0.5% of S9 per se inhibited the interferon induction process. Uninduced hamster S9 and both Aroclor 1254-induced hamster and rat S9 fractions were all comparable in their ability to activate the chemical compounds tested. That potential mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals which require metabolic activation can be discriminated on the basis of interferon induction inhibition in eukaryotic cell cultures augurs for the usefulness and credibility of this system.
Creep of Nextel™720/alumina–mullite ceramic composite at 1200 °C in air, argon, and steam

Abstract The tensile creep behavior of an oxide–oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite was investigated at 1200 °C in laboratory air, in steam and in argon. The composite consists of a porous alumina–mullite matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel™720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The tensile stress–strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured at 1200 °C. The elastic modulus was 74.5 GPa and the ultimate tensile strength was 153 MPa. Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 70–140 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests. Creep run-out (set to 100 h) was achieved in laboratory air for creep stress levels ⩽91 MPa. The presence of either steam or argon accelerated creep rates and reduced creep lifetimes. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated.
Cationic Manganese(I) Dihydrogen and Dinitrogen Complexes Derived from a Formally 16-Electron Complex with a Bis-Agostic Interaction, [Mn(CO)(Ph2PC2H4PPh2)2]+

We have synthesized a new 16-electron precursor [Mn(CO)(dppe){sub 2}]BAr`{sub 4} (1) capable of binding small molecules (dppe = Ph{sub 2}PC{sub 2}H{sub 4}PPh{sub 2}; BAr`{sub 4} = B[C{sub 6}H{sub 3}(3,5-CF{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 4}). This species has yielded the first well-characterized cationic manganese-H{sub 2} complex, [Mn(H{sub 2})(CO)(dppe){sub 2}]BAr`{sub 4}. The complexes MnH{sub 3}(R{sub 2}PC{sub 2}H{sub 4}PR{sub 2}){sub 2} [R = Me (dmpe), Et (depe)] were proposed to contain H{sub 2} ligands, and CpMn(CO){sub 2}(H{sub 2}) was recently isolated. We also report that N{sub 2} reaction with 1 gives an extremely labile N{sub 2} complex characterized by {sup 15}NMR. 18 refs., 1 fig.
Predictors of ventricular tachycardia recurrence in 100 patients receiving tiered therapy defibrillators.

Background and hypothesis: Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) is a time-honored diagnostic tool in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The response to PES can be used to assess efficacy of pharmacologic or electrical therapy, as well as to obtain prognostic information. Reproducible induction of ventricular tachycardia with invasive electrophysiologic testing, or stimulation through defibrillator lead systems, can help optimize antiarrhythmic drug therapy and device programming during clinical follow-up. Methods: We present our experience with 100 patients who had inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) during invasive PES at baseline, and received a third-generation implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) alone, or in combination with antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Noninvasive programmed stimulation (NIPS) was performed prior to hospital discharge in 61 patients. Results: The inducibility of SMVT was concordant between the invasive study and NIPS in a subgroup of 40 (82%) patients who had invasive PES on the same drug regimen. During a mean follow-up of 16 months, there were 12 nonar-rhythmic deaths and recurrence of spontaneous SMVT in 36 (40%) of the surviving patients. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, the following variables were associated with early arrhythmia recurrence: persistent inducibility of SMVT during the MPS session (relative risk 11, range 2.6–47); induction of SMVT with a cycle length > 280 ms during invasive baseline PES (2.5, 1.2–5) and presence of prior inferior myocardial infarction (2.1, 1–4.2). Timing to initial recurrence of spontaneous tachycardia was unaffected by other clinical variables or concomitant antiarrhythmic drug use. Conclusion: Programmed electrical stimulation techniques offer insight into the patterns of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia recurrence and have significant practical utility in the management of patients receiving third-generation ICDs.
Three-dimensional structure of the ordered phases of Hg on Cu(001).

The structures of ordered phases following adsorption of mercury on Cu(001) have been identified using helium-beam scattering and low-energy electron diffraction. We found that three of the four observed ordered submonolayer phases are high-order commensurate phases. The three-dimensional structure of these phases brought about by a periodic variation of the height of the Hg atoms above the Cu(001) plane has been measured. Furthermore, from a combined analysis of helium-beam scattering and angle-resolved photoemission data for a low-density Hg ordered overlayer, we deduce and quantify the departure from the atomic electron distribution of Hg due to adsorption. A model to analyze diffraction data from all these phases is also presented. We show that second-layer structural and electronic properties are influenced by those of the first layer. Adsorption at the lowest substrate temperature obtainable proceeds in a layer-by-layer mode up to three layers.
Effects of Relative Competence on Learning Disabled Children'S Oral Reading Performance

The effect of social facilitation, particularly the impact of perceived evaluation and relative competence of handicapped learners, was tested to determine its efficacy in predicting 26 learning disabled children's oral reading performance. Two conditions reflected the competence variable: low relative competence and similar relative competence. The dependent measure was number of oral reading errors. Results revealed a significant main effect, indicating that children who read with similar-ability peers performed significantly better than when they read with peers of superior ability. Results are discussed in relation to mainstreaming decisions and homogeneous groupings of students for direct academic instruction.
RD optimized bitstream extraction for H.264/SVC based video streaming

Heterogeneity of the Internet and clients' operating environment necessitate the adaptation of media content to ensure a satisfactory multimedia experience. Scalable video coding (SVC) is a layer-based encoding scheme that achieves this adaptation through the extraction of partial bitstreams at reduced spatial, quality and temporal resolutions. The main focus of this paper is in developing such an extraction algorithm in the context of video streaming applications. Based on a combination of metadata computations and prediction mechanisms, our algorithm evaluates the quality contribution of each layer in the SVC bitstream and makes extraction decisions that are aimed at maximizing video quality while operating within the available bandwidth resources. When compared to earlier extraction methods such as JSVM-Basic and JSVM-QL, our algorithm offers a quality gain of 1.6 dB and 0.5 dB respectively. The proposed technique also achieves a 73% reduction in metadata computation time when compared to JSVM-QL.
The Listeria monocytogenes strain 10403S BioCyc database

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen of humans and other animals. The striking ability to survive several stresses usually used for food preservation makes L. monocytogenes one of the biggest concerns to the food industry, while the high mortality of listeriosis in specific groups of humans makes it a great concern for public health. Previous studies have shown that a regulatory network involving alternative sigma (r) factors and transcription factors is pivotal to stress survival. However, few studies have evaluated at the metabolic networks controlled by these regulatory mechanisms. The L. monocytogenes BioCyc database uses the strain 10403S as a model. Computer-generated initial annotation for all genes also allowed for identification, annotation and display of predicted reactions and pathways carried out by a single cell. Further ongoing manual curation based on published data as well as database mining for selected genes allowed the more refined annotation of functions, which, in turn, allowed for annotation of new pathways and fine-tuning of previously defined pathways to more L. monocytogenes-specific pathways. Using RNA-Seq data, several transcription start sites and promoter regions were mapped to the 10403S genome and annotated within the database. Additionally, the identification of promoter regions and a comprehensive review of available literature allowed the annotation of several regulatory interactions involving r factors and transcription factors. The L. monocytogenes 10403S BioCyc database is a new resource for researchers studying Listeria and related organisms. It allows users to (i) have a comprehensive view of all reactions and pathways predicted to take place within the cell in the cellular overview, as well as to (ii) upload their own data, such as differential expression data, to visualize the data in the scope of
Asymmetry by Electrophilic Rearrangement of Symmetric 2-Pyridone Photodimers

[reaction: see text] Halogenation of achiral trans-2-pyridone photodimers results in 1,3-migration of an amide nitrogen and formation of a chiral structure with six stereogenic centers and well-differentiated functionality. The reactivity of this product toward nucleophiles, including the allylic halide, is dominated by participation by the amide nitrogen.
Recombination by sequence repeats with formation of suppressive or residual mitochondrial DNA in Neurospora

Abstract Recombination junctions of several Neurospora mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutants and their revertants were identified. Their nucleotide sequences and putative secondary structures were determined in order to understand the nature of the elements involved in intramolecular recombination. Multiple deletions, involving the same portion of Neurospora mtDNA, were identified in six independently isolated mutants. A 9-nucleotide repeat element, CCCCNCCCC, was found to be involved in these and other Neurospora mitochondrial recombination events. The repeat elements were clustered as hot spots on the Neurospora mtDNA and were associated with palindromic DNA sequences. The palindromes have a potential to generate hairpin structures. A much lower free energy of the putative hairpins at the 5' end of the recombination site, and the possible formation of non-B-DNA structure by polypyrimidine tracks, may be important in the initiation of recombination. Using PCR, we found low levels of a specific mitochondrial deletion in certain Neurospora mutants. Their presence in low amounts in a population with a much larger number of normal mtDNA is unexpected. Contrary to earlier belief, this finding supports the view that deleted, smaller DNA molecules are not always suppressive relative to normal mtDNAs.
A comparative analysis of methodologies of daily metroplex ozone concentration prediction

This paper compares three methods of predicting the changes in ozone concentration: linear regression, classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, and the T-method. Using linear regression on these results, a linear equation defining the change of the independent variable versus the dependent variables is created. The strength of the relationship is assessed using the R-squared value and adjusted R-squared value. Classification and regression tree analysis uses a tree-building methodology to generate decision rules, using patterns from historical data obtained on both the dependent variable and the independent or ‘predictor’ variables to create a prediction model. The T-method is used to calculate an overall prediction based on the dynamic signal-to-noise ratio to obtain an overall estimate of the true value of the output for each signal member. It was found that for this nearly directly correlated dataset the T-method performed comparably to linear regression and was a better predictor than the CART method.
Hypermedia support services for instruction at Michigan State University

Michigan State University, founded in 1855, is a comprehensive land-grant university that has been acknowledged as one of the top research institutions in the country through election to membership in the prestigious Association of American Universities (AAU). The curriculum includes more than 200 programs of undergraduate and graduate studies, taught by nearly 4,000 academic staff in 14 colleges.
Preschool speech articulation and nonword repetition abilities may help predict eventual recovery or persistence of stuttering.

Purpose In preschool children, we investigated whether expressive and receptive language, phonological, articulatory, and/or verbal working memory proficiencies aid in predicting eventual recovery or persistence of stuttering.
The Use of a Two-Dimensional, Time-Dependent Cloud Model to Predict Convective and Stratiform Clouds and Precipitation

Abstract A two-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model has been used in two field projects to forecast the convective development during the day from the morning sounding. In effect, the cloud model gives a dynamic analysis of the sounding as affected by heating and evaporation at the earth's surface, divergence of the winds throughout the atmosphere, and cloud shadow effects. During the initial project, the Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment, the results were mixed. Model runs were easily made when soundings were available, but displaying the results in a meaningful and useful way was the limiting factor. In a later experiment, the North Dakota Thunderstorm Project, the problem of displaying results was overcome and soundings were available from the local weather service forecast office with a high degree of reliability. The experimental model correctly forecasts convective development about 80% of the time, and precipitation or no precipitation more than 70% of the time.
Rearrangement of receptive field topography after intracortical and peripheral stimulation: the role of plasticity in inhibitory pathways.

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of a single site in the somatosensory cortex of rats and monkeys for 2-6 h increases the number of neurons responsive to the skin region corresponding to the ICMS-site receptive field (RF), with very little effect on the position and size of the ICMS-site RF, and the response evoked at the ICMS site by tactile stimulation. Large changes in RF topography are also observed following several weeks of repetitive stimulation of a restricted skin region during tactile frequency discrimination training in monkeys. It has been suggested that these changes in RF topography are caused by competitive learning in excitatory pathways. This paper analyses the possible role of lateral inhibitory synaptic plasticity in producing cortical plasticity after ICMS and peripheral conditioning in adult animals. The `EXIN' (afferent excitatory and lateral inhibitory) synaptic plasticity rules are used to model RF changes after ICMS and peripheral stimulation. The EXIN model produces RF topog...
Characterization of storage proteins in different soybean varieties and their relationship to tofu yield and texture

The contribution of the total soybean proteins, the storage proteins [glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S) fractions] and their respective subunits to tofu yield and texture was studied. Protein contents were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) coupled with densitometry and reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), for seven soybean varieties, and correlated to tofu yield and texture. Results from SDS-PAGE, coupled with densitometry, showed that the 11S fraction proteins (r=0.863, P<0.01), the α′ polypeptide of 7S (r=0.917, P<0.01) and the basic polypeptide of 11S (r=0.775, P<0.01) appeared to each affect tofu yield; however, no relationship between storage protein fractions and tofu firmness was observed. On the other hand, the RP-HPLC profiles of the total soybean proteins and the 11S and 7S fractions indicated relationships between tofu firmness and the 11S fraction, the 7S fraction, and their ratio. The inverse correlation (r=−0.832, P<0.01) between peak 7 of the 7S fraction and tofu firmness seems to point toward its important role in defining tofu quality.
Current concepts in the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of TMJ and muscle dysfunction.

Summary The complexity of managing TMJ and muscle dysfunction is reflected in the variety of treatment modalities that are continually being advocated. The multidimensional nature of the problem is readily appreciated in a TMJ Oral-Facial Pain Clinic where most of the referred patients represent a broad spectrum of treatments that have failed. Where such a clinic has been present for several decades the introduction of new ideas, or the reintroduction of old forms of treatment, are readily seen as well as the quantity and quality of treatment successes and failures. A major shift in ideas concerning the natural history of TMJ/muscle dysfunction, and an explosion of treatment problems and failures related to mandibular repositioning appliances and surgery suggest the need to reconsider various approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of TMJ and muscle dysfunction. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of these disorders are discussed.
Calmodulin N-Methyltransferase: KINETICS, MECHANISM, AND INHIBITORS

The present study was undertaken to determine kinetic and inhibition parameters and the mechanism of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:calmodulin-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.60, CLNMT), an enzyme for which calmodulin is a substrate. Partially purified CLNMT isolated from rat testes had a Vmax of 540 pmol/min/mg and Km values for mushroom demethylcalmodulin and S-adenosyl-L-methionine of 230 nM and 2.0 microM, respectively. Kinetic analysis indicated a complex Bi Bi sequential kinetic mechanism for CLNMT where S-adenosyl-L-methionine binds initially and is followed by demethylcalmodulin binding. When the effects of 20 different compounds that are either inhibitors of calmodulin-specific or methylation-specific functions were examined, CLNMT displayed a pattern of inhibition which differs from that seen with calmodulin-activated enzymes. The product of calmodulin methylation, fully trimethylated calmodulin, and nonmethylatable VU-3 calmodulin acted as competitive inhibitors of CLNMT, with Ki values of 310 and 400 nM, respectively. Of the 13 compounds tested, which are inhibitors of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, only the calmodulin-binding domain from Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, melittin, and calmidazolium were effective inhibitors of CLNMT and each exhibited a complex pattern of inhibition with Kis values of 21, 50, and 65 nM, respectively. The only potent methylation-specific inhibitor was S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, which also displayed a complex pattern of inhibition.
Target localization in Wireless Sensor Network based on Time Difference of Arrival

One of the most prominent challenges in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is target localization. As majority of the decisions made in navigation and path planning are dependent on current information available, target localization is one of the fundamental requirements. This paper presents accuracy studies on target localization using the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) method. An evaluation of the TDOA is presented through a random reference node by using four stationary sensors in a sensor network. Some of the fundamental advantages in the presented method are its simplicity through requiring only four reference nodes, tolerating errors in node positioning and time differences. Simulations results show that proposed TDOA method outperforms the centroid TDOA method in different test environments, with an average localization error of 2.36 m.
Oxygen transport and free volume in cold-crystallized and melt-crystallized poly(ethylene naphthalate)

In the present study we examined the oxygen-transport properties of poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) isothermally crystallized from the melt (melt crystallization) or quenched to the glass and subsequently isothermally crystallized by heating above the glass transition temperature (cold crystallization). The gauche/trans conformation of the glycol linkage was determined by infrared analysis, and the crystalline morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Explanation of the unexpectedly high solubility of crystallized PEN required a two-phase transport model consisting of an impermeable crystalline phase of constant density and a permeable amorphous phase of variable density. The resulting relationship between oxygen solubility and amorphous-phase density was consistent with free volume concepts of gas sorption. Morphological observations provided a structural model for solubility and permeability. The model consisted of a permeable amorphous matrix of constant density containing dispersed sp...
Screening of Insecticides Against the Changa and the Southern Mole Cricket Attacking Seedling Millet

Since southern mole crickets, Scapteriscus acletus Rehn & Hebard, and changa, S. vicinus Scudder, severely damage fields of millet in southern Georgia by killing seedlings, thus causing marked reductions in plant stand, 10 insecticides in bait or granular formulations at various concentrations were screened for activity against these insects. N-2790 bait ( O -ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), Kepone® bait (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one), N-2790 granules and/or Mobil MC-A-600 granules (benzo[b]thien-4-yl methylcarbamate), and trichlorfon granules applied to the soil surface of millet fields killed large numbers of mole crickets, reduced the loss of stand, and increased the yield of millet forage. When both formulations were applied, baits were slightly more effective than granules.
Stress induced grooming in the rat--an endorphin mediated syndrome.

Abstract Exposure of adult male Sprague—Dawley rats to a non-traumatic noise-light stress procedure subsequently increased grooming behavior in a novel environment. The grooming syndrome was marginally facilitated by adrenalectomy and by hypophysectomy. Opiate blockade by naltrexone returned grooming to basal levels. This suggests that stress induced grooming is not dependent upon pituitary-adrenal integrity for its expression, although it may be modulated by the latter. On the other hand this form of grooming may depend upon an endogenous opiate system.
Acetal exchange reactions

Abstract The dimethyl acetals derived from acetone, pinacolone, acetophenone, and benzophenone undergo acid-catalyzed acetal exchange with methyl α- D -glucopyranoside. The major products are 4,6-acetals of the sugar; the minor products include methyl 2,3:4,6-di- O -isopropylidene-α- D -glucoside (using the acetone acetal), and isomeric methyl 2,3:4,6-di- O -(1- tert -butylethylidene)-α- D -glucosides (using the pinacolone acetal). These compounds are all examples of a five-membered acetal ring fused trans to a pyranoid ring. Treatment of methyl α- D -glucopyranoside with benzophenone dimethyl acetal gives methyl 6- O -(methoxydiphenylmethyl)-α- D -glucopyranoside in addition to the 4,6-acetal. The 4,6-acetals derived from the four ketones exhibit a wide range of sensitivity to hydrolysis by 75% (v/v) acetic acid.
Individual CREB‐target genes dictate usage of distinct cAMP‐responsive coactivation mechanisms

CREB is a key mediator of cAMP- and calcium-inducible transcription, where phosphorylation of serine 133 in its Kinase-Inducible Domain (KID) is often equated with transactivation. Phospho-Ser133 is required for CREB to bind the KIX domain of the coactivators CBP and p300 (CBP/p300) in vitro, although the importance of this archetype coactivator interaction for endogenous gene expression is unclear. Here, we show that the CREB interaction with KIX is necessary for only a part of cAMP-inducible transcription and CBP/p300 recruitment. Surprisingly, individual cAMP-inducible genes with CREB bound at their promoters differed in their reliance on KIX and none examined showed complete dependence. Alternatively, we found that arginine 314 (Arg314) in the CREB basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) domain contributed to CBP/p300 recruitment and KIX-independent CREB transactivation function. This implicates Transducer Of Regulated CREB (TORC), an unrelated cAMP-responsive coactivator that binds via Arg314, and which can bind CBP/p300, in these functions. Interestingly, KIX was also required for the full cAMP induction of a gene that did not require CREB. Thus, individual CREB-target gene context dictates the relative contribution of at least two different cAMP-responsive coactivation mechanisms.
Aptamer-Based SERRS Sensor for Thrombin Detection

We describe an aptamer-based Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS) sensor with high sensitivity, specificity, and stability for the detection of a coagulation protein, human α-thrombin. The sensor achieves high sensitivity and a limit of detection of 100 pM by monitoring the SERRS signal change upon the single step of thrombin binding to immobilized thrombin binding aptamer. The selectivity of the sensor is demonstrated by the specific discrimination of thrombin from other protein analytes. The specific recognition and binding of thrombin by the thrombin binding aptamer is essential to the mechanism of the aptamer-based sensor, as shown through measurements using negative control oligonucleotides. In addition, the sensor can detect 1 nM thrombin in the presence of complex biofluids, such as 10% fetal calf serum, demonstrating that the immobilized, 5'-capped, 3'-capped aptamer is sufficiently robust for clinical diagnostic applications. Furthermore, the proposed sensor may be implemented for multiplexed detection using different aptamer-Raman probe complexes.
Matrix isolation study of the early intermediates in the ozonolysis of cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene: observation of two Criegee intermediates.

Matrix isolation studies, combined with infrared spectroscopy, of the twin jet codeposition of ozone into matrices containing either cyclopentadiene or cyclopentene have led to the first observation of several early intermediates in these ozonolysis reactions. Specifically, evidence is presented for the formation, identification, and characterization of the long sought-after Criegee intermediate for each system, as well as the primary and secondary ozonides. These were observed after initial twin jet deposition and grew ∼300% upon annealing to 35 K. Extensive isotopic labeling (2H, 18O and mixtures) experiments provided important supporting data. Detailed theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,2p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(3df, 3pd) levels were carried out as well to augment the experimental work. Merged jet (flow reactor) experiments followed by cryogenic trapping in solid argon led to the formation of “late” stable oxidation products of cyclopentadiene and cyclopentene. In contrast, no thermal reacti...
Characterizing the effects of clock jitter due to substrate noise in discrete-time D/S modulators

This paper investigates the impact of clock jitter induced by substrate noise on the performance of the oversampling DS modulators. First, a new stochastic model for substrate noise is proposed. This model is then utilized to study the clock jitter in clock generators incorporating phase-locked loops (PLLs). Next, the effect of the clock jitter on the performance of the DS modulator is studied. It will be shown that substrate noise degrades the signal-to-noise ratio of the DS modulator while the noise shaping does not have any effect on clock jitter induced by substrate noise. To verify the analysis experimentally, a circuit consisting of a second-order DS modulator, a charge-pump PLL, and forty multistage digital tapered inverters driving 1pF capacitors is designed in a 0.25mm standard CMOS process. Several experiments on the designed circuit demonstrate the high accuracy of the proposed analytical models.
Raman Signature of the Four-Stranded Intercalated Cytosine Motif in Crystal and Solution Structures of DNA Deoxycytidylates d(CCCT) and d(C8)†

The Raman spectral signature of the four-stranded cytosine structure formed by intercalation of two hemiprotonated and parallel-stranded oligodeoxycytidylate duplexes (so-called i motif) has been obtained from the crystal structure of d(CCCT) [Kang, C. H., Berger, I., Lockshin, C., Ratliff, R., Moyzis, R., & Rich, A. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 11636−11640]. Identification of Raman markers diagnostic of the cytosine quadruplex is complemented by results obtained in a pH titration of 2‘-deoxycytosine-5‘-monophosphate (5‘-dCMP) to show that the spectral fingerprint associated with N3 protonation of cytosine is distinct from that of quadruplex formation. The Raman spectrum thus provides a definitive basis for evaluating quantitatively both the extent of cytosine quadruplex formation and the degree of cytosine N3 protonation in DNA. Application to aqueous d(CCCT) and d(C8) demonstrates that the four-stranded intercalated structure is formed by both of these oligodeoxycytidylates in aqueous soluti...
Headaches and psychopathology in children and adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the association between chronic headaches and DSM-III-R -defined psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, in a population-based sample of children and adolescents. Method 1,013 children aged 9 to 15 years in the Great Smoky Mountains Study were evaluated annually over a 3-year period using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, a child and parent diagnostic psychiatric interview. Headaches that lasted at least 1 hour and occurred at least once a week during the 3 months prior to the interview were studied. Result Girls with depression and anxiety disorders had a significantly greater prevalence of headaches than girls without an internalizing disorder. This association was not found for boys. Conduct disorder was significantly associated with headaches in boys. Each of these associations was constant with age. Conclusions: This study suggests that a distinct gender difference exists between boys and girls in the associations between headaches and psychopathology. Carroll's theory of dysfunction in central pain regulation as an underlying cause of depression is discussed in relation to the proposed serotonergic dysregulation common to headaches, depression, anxiety, aggression, and pain.
Bacteria and Fungi within the Lesser Mealworm Collected from Poultry Brooder Houses

During 1968 and 1969, adult Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) were collected from turkey-brooder houses in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and South Dakota and were analyzed for bacteria and fungi. The lesser mealworms were surface disinfected, macerated, and cultured on different media; the choice depended upon experimental objectives. A wide range in the number of microorganisms was found within individual insects. Some harbored several thousand colonies, whereas others were comparatively clean. Micrococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and the Bacillus subtilis Cohn group were the most common gram-positive bacteria. Emphasis was given to gram-negative bacteria, especially those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae group. Escherichia intermedia Werkman & Gillen was isolated from a relatively high percent of the insects. Salmonella saint paul Kauffman-White occurred only in 3% of the insects, and this was from just 1 locality. Aspergillus flavus Link was the predominant fungus in the lesser mealworm, and an average of 25% was positive. Other species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and the filamentous yeastlike fungi Candida, also were present but in relatively low numbers.
Emphysematous gastritis: A young diabetic's recovery

Introduction Emphysematous gastritis (EG) is a rare and often fatal disorder involving infection of the gastric wall by gas-forming organisms.
Synchronization in specification-based multimedia presentations

Several information protocols exist for exchange of multimedia information. The HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) of NCSA combines hypertext techniques with multimedia to provide an intuitive, easy-to-use hypermedia interface. However, HTTP does not provide the means to synchronize different multimedia channels. The NCSA hypermedia browser, Mosaic, has been modified to incorporate synchronization constraints. Platform-independent multimedia authoring programs have been combined in a new synchronization scheme. The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) has been extended to allow the specification of temporal dependencies between different media channels. This extension allows synchronization in the authoring of hypermedia presentations using Mosaic.
High resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of Rare Events: A Different Look at Local Structure and Chemistry

The combination of large-acceptance high-resolution X-ray optics with bright synchrotron sources permits quantitative analysis of rare events such as X-ray fluorescence from very dilute systems, weak fluorescence transitions or X-ray Raman scattering. Transition-metal Kβ fluorescence contains information about spin and oxidation state; examples of the characterization of the Mn oxidation states in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II and Mn-consuming spores from the marine bacillus SG-1 are presented. Weaker features of the Kβ spectrum resulting from valence-level and `interatomic' ligand to metal transitions contain detailed information on the ligand-atom type, distance and orientation. Applications of this spectral region to characterize the local structure of model compounds are presented. X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) is an extremely rare event, but also represents a unique technique to obtain bulk-sensitive low-energy (<600 eV) X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra using hard (∼10 keV) X-rays. A photon is inelastically scattered, losing part of its energy to promote an electron into an unoccupied level. In many cases, the cross section is proportional to that of the corresponding absorption process yielding the same X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) features. XRS finds application for systems that defy XAFS analysis at low energies, e.g. liquids or highly concentrated complex systems, reactive compounds and samples under extreme conditions (pressure, temperature). Recent results are discussed.
Notes on Data Base Operating Systems

This paper is a compendium of data base management operating systems folklore. It is an early paper and is still in draft form. It is intended as a set of course notes for a class on data base operating systems. After a brief overview of what a data management system is it focuses on particular issues unique to the transaction management component especially locking and recovery.
New perspectives in the management of pancreas cancer

Improvements in the management of locally advanced or metastatic pancreas cancer have proven to be both difficult and frequently marked by nihilism. Gemcitabine has replaced 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy as the standard of care. Gemcitabine first generated improvements in symptom control and survival in advanced disease, spurring further research. Subsequent trials have suggested that combinations of other agents with gemcitabine may extend clinical benefits to larger populations of patients. Newer combined chemoradiotherapy approaches may benefit the small population of patients with resectable disease, as well as the larger number of patients with locally advanced disease. In addition to identifying new cytotoxic agents and biologics, a greater challenge to clinical researchers is the development of innovative tools to diagnose and stage patients with pancreas cancer, and to monitor and assess their response to therapy. This applies not only to individual patients but also to large-scale clinical trials.
Visualizing coordination in situ

Exploratory visualization environments allow users to build and browse coordinated multiview visualizations interactively. As the number of views and amount of coordination increases, conceptualizing coordination structure becomes more and more important for successful data exploration. Integrated metavisualization is exploratory visualization of coordination and other interactive structure directly inside a visualization's own user interface. This paper presents a model of integrated metavisualization, describes the problem of capturing dynamic interface structure as visualizable data, and outlines three general approaches to integration. Metavisualization has been implemented in improvise, using views, lenses, and embedding to reveal the dynamic structure of its own highly coordinated visualizations.
Acute generalized polyneuropathy accompanying lithium poisoning

A woman with typical symptoms of lithium toxicity had, in addition, severe generalized sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, which cleared completely as the recovered. Electrodiagnostic studies suggested axonal lesions; autopsy ten months later revealed no residual abnormalities. Previous studies have shown that lithium can affect peripheral nerve function, but this is the first reported case of peripheral neuropathy in association with lithium toxicity.
Extended SET Pulses in Sequential Circuits Leading to Increased SE Vulnerability

Mixed mode simulations and heavy-ion experiments indicate the presence of multinode charge collection in advanced technologies. For logic circuits, such charge collection may result in concatenation of transients, extending the width of SETs. Mixed-mode simulations of a 4-bit adder circuit indicate that the increase in SET pulse width due to two-node charge collection can be as high as 75%. An analytical model for the increase in the SET width is developed showing the increase in SET width is proportional to the width of the individual transients, the relative delay between charge collection nodes, and the circuit topology.
Web-Based Computational Investigation of Aerothermodynamics of Atmospheric Entry Vehicles

system sizing. A comprehensive relational database management system for several atmospheric entry vehicles has been developed for comparative data analysis capability. The database comprises vehicle dimensions, trajectory data, aerothermal data, and material properties like carbon, silicon, and carbon-phenolic based ablators for several ballistic entry vehicles. HyperProbe graphical user interface provides capabilities to choose from a list of flight vehicles or enter trajectory and geometry information of a vehicle in design. An empirical model of the general atmospheric model for Earth is developed to calculate pressure, density, temperature, Reynolds number, and speed of sound as a function of altitude. Global reference atmospheric models have been used for other planetary atmospheres.Afourth-orderRunge–Kuttaintegrationisemployedfortrajectorycalculations.Fay–Riddell,Sutton– Graves, and Tauber–Sutton empirical correlations have been modeled for the stagnation-point convective and radiative heat transfer computations.