cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Locality in Hybrid Dataflow Programs

The basic premise of the hybrid von Neumann-dataflow or multithreaded model of computation is that exploiting locality within programs can impact performance dramatically. In this paper we discuss the nature of various forms of locality and their impact on the efficiency of execution. One form of locality: intra-thread locality is defined, quantified and experimentally evaluated using a set of benchmarks. The results point to a very large degree of thread locality: over half the instructions have to wait less than 5 instruction execution steps for their input data. Furthermore, there is a remarkable uniformity and consistency of the distribution of thread locality across a wide variety of benchmarks.
Low-income women: are they a target for beauty products?

Although the low-income market has experienced significant growth in Brazil, the reduced family budget of such consumers limits their access to many products. However, even living with serious financial constraints, many women regularly buy items, like beauty products, that could be considered superfluous. Once merely a social obligation, beauty has become a moral duty today. Women feel compelled to look after their bodies, since the daily struggle to be beautiful increases their self-esteem and feeling of being included in society. This study sought to identify individual values that would drive low-income women to buy and use beauty products. Value is not just limited to the economic aspect of a purchase, for it encompasses perceptions and choices; value is a product of culture, the society in which the consumer lives, the institutions with which she has contact, and the her personality itself. Based on the laddering technique, 17 low-income women, living in Rio de Janeiro, were in-depth interviewed. In...
Immune Cytopenias after Ex Vivo CD34+-Selected Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Abstract Immune-mediated cytopenias (ICs), such as immune thrombocytopenia and immune hemolytic anemia, are among the adverse events after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Previous reports suggest that in vivo T cell depletion may increase the incidence of IC after allo-HCT. We evaluated whether a strategy that reduces functional donor T cells via ex vivo CD34+-selection associates with the development of IC in a cohort of 408 patients who underwent allo-HCT for hematologic malignancy. The cumulative incidence of IC at 6, 12, and 36 months after the 30-day landmark post-HCT was 3.4%, 4.9%, and 5.8%, respectively. Among 23 patients who developed IC, 7 died of relapse-related mortality and 4 of nonrelapse mortality. A median 2 types of treatment (range, 1 to 5) was required to resolve IC, and there was considerable heterogeneity in the therapies used. In univariable analyses, a hematologic malignancy Disease Risk Index (DRI) score of 3 was significantly associated with an increased risk of IC compared with a DRI of 1 or 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 4.12; P = .003), and IC (HR, 2.4; P = .03) was associated with increased risk of relapse. In a multivariable analysis that included DRI, IC remained significantly associated with increased risk of relapse (HR, 2.4; P = .03). Our findings show that IC events occur with relatively similar frequency in patients after ex vivo CD34+-selected allo-HCT compared with unmodified allo-HCT, suggesting that reduced donor T cell immunity is not causative of IC. Moreover, we noted a possible link between its development and/or treatment and increased risk of relapse.
Synthesis and Structures of New Layered Ternary Manganese Tellurides: AMnTe2 (A = K, Rb, Cs), Na3Mn4Te6, and NaMn1.56Te2

The synthesis and crystal structures of new ternary manganese tellurides, AMnTe{sub 2} (A = K, Rb, Cs), Na{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}Te{sub 6}, and NaMn{sub 1.56}Te{sub 2}, are reported. These compounds are synthesized by solid-state reaction and cation exchange techniques in sealed Nb tubes. The single-crystal structures of AMnTe{sub 2} (A = K, Rb), Na{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}Te{sub 6}, and NaMn{sub 1.56}Te{sub 2} have been determined; KMnTe{sub 2}: a = 4.5110(4) {angstrom}, c = 14.909(2) {angstrom}, I{bar 4}m2 (Number 119, Z = 2); RbMnTe{sub 2}: a = 4.539(1) {angstrom}, c = 15.055(2) {angstrom}, I{bar 4}m2 (Number 119, Z = 2); Na{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}Te{sub 6}: a = 8.274(4) {angstrom}, b = 14.083(6) {angstrom}, c = 7.608(6) {angstrom}, {beta} = 91.97(4){degree}, C2/m (No. 12, Z = 2); NaMn{sub 1.56}Te{sub 2}: a = 4.4973(8) {angstrom}, c = 7.638(2) {angstrom}, P{bar 3}m1 (No. 164, Z = 1). The fundamental building blocks of the title compounds are MnTe{sub 4} tetrahedra. AMnTe{sub 2} (A = K, Rb, Cs) are isostructural with TlFeS{sub 2}, consisting of layers built up by four corner-shared MnTe{sub 4} tetrahedra. Manganese telluride layers in Na{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}Te{sub 6} consist of two hexagonal nets of Te atoms between which two-thirds of the tetrahedral interstices are filledmore » with Mn atoms to form two 6{sup 3} honeycomb nets. NaMn{sub 1.56}Te{sub 2} adopts a defective CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} structure type, in which Mn atoms partially and randomly occupy 78% of tetrahedral sites. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibilities measurements show that AMnTe{sub 2} (A = K, Rb, Cs) exhibit Curie-Weiss paramagnetism, whereas Na{sub 3}Mn{sub 4}Te{sub 6} and NaMn{sub 1.56}Te{sub 2} show paramagnetism with a weak dependence on temperature.« less
Identification of subgroups of chemotherapy patients with distinct sleep disturbance profiles and associated co-occurring symptoms.

Author(s): Tejada, Maria | Advisor(s): Miaskowski, Christine | Abstract: Problem: Sleep disturbance is a prevalent symptom that affects up to 88% of oncology patients. It is significant problem for oncology patients due to its association with increased fatigue, depression and vasomotor/endocrine symptoms; poorer functional status and quality of life; and potentially disease progression.Study Objectives: Study purposes were to identify subgroups of patients with distinct sleep disturbance profiles and to evaluate for differences in demographic, clinical, and various sleep characteristics, as well for differences in the severity of co-occurring symptoms among these subgroups.Methods: Outpatients with breast, gynecological, gastrointestinal, or lung cancer (n=1331) completed questionnaires six times over two chemotherapy (CTX) cycles. Sleep disturbance was evaluated using the General Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS). Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct subgroups.Results: Three latent classes with distinct sleep disturbance profiles were identified (Low (25.5%), High (50.8%), Very High (24.0%)). Approximately 75% of the patients had a mean total GSDS score that was above the clinically meaningful cutoff score of 43 across all six assessments. Compared to patients in the Low class, patients in High and Very High classes were significantly younger; had a lower functional status; had higher levels of comorbidity; and were more likely to be female, more likely to have childcare responsibilities, less likely to be employed, and less likely to have gastrointestinal cancer. For all of the GSDS subscale and total scores, significant differences among the latent classes followed the expected pattern (LowConclusions: Clinicians need to perform in-depth assessments of sleep disturbance and co-occurring symptoms to identify high-risk patients and recommend appropriate interventions.
Policy Feedback and the Racialization of Affirmative Action, 1961-1980

Since the 1960s, U.S. lawmakers have used affirmative action policies to promote equal opportunity. Although these policies have played an important role in redressing historical discrimination by ...
Protein components of ribonucleoprotein granules from Drosophila germ cells oligomerize and show distinct spatial organization during germline development

The assembly of large RNA-protein granules occurs in germ cells of many animals and these germ granules have provided a paradigm to study structure-functional aspects of similar structures in different cells. Germ granules in Drosophila oocyte's posterior pole (polar granules) are composed of RNA, in the form of homotypic clusters, and proteins required for germline development. In the granules, Piwi protein Aubergine binds to a scaffold protein Tudor, which contains 11 Tudor domains. Using a super-resolution microscopy, we show that surprisingly, Aubergine and Tudor form distinct clusters within the same polar granules in early Drosophila embryos. These clusters partially overlap and, after germ cells form, they transition into spherical granules with the structural organization unexpected from these interacting proteins: Aubergine shell around the Tudor core. Consistent with the formation of distinct clusters, we show that Aubergine forms homo-oligomers and using all purified Tudor domains, we demonstrate that multiple domains, distributed along the entire Tudor structure, interact with Aubergine. Our data suggest that in polar granules, Aubergine and Tudor are assembled into distinct phases, partially mixed at their "interaction hubs", and that association of distinct protein clusters may be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for the assembly of germ granules.
Decoupling Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Interfacial Catalysis at a Chemically Modified Black Silicon Semiconductor Photoelectrode

Understanding the interplay between the kinetics of interfacial catalytic reactions and the thermodynamics of an underlying semiconductor electrode is imperative for rational construction of effici...
Efficacy of 3T Multiparametric MR Imaging followed by 3T in-Bore MR-Guided Biopsy for Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Based on PIRADSv2.1 Score.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic yield of 3T in-bore magnetic resonance-guided biopsy (3T IB-MRGB) for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), based on assessment using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PIRADSv2.1). Materials and Methods This single-center study examined individuals who underwent 3T multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and subsequent 3T IB-MRGB. The final study cohort included 379 men (with 475 targets) divided into 3 subcohorts: biopsy-naive men (n = 123), individuals with a history of negative trans-rectal-ultrasonography (TRUS) biopsy results (n = 106), and men with low-grade PCa under active surveillance (n = 150). csPCa was defined as having a Gleason score (GS) ≥3+4. Results 3T IB-MRGB detected PCa and csPCa in 69.1% (262 of 379) and 50.3% (193 of 379) of patients, respectively. The PCa and csPCa detection rates per target were 64.2% (305 of 475) and 43.8% (208 of 475), respectively. The rate of urosepsis, treated with intravenous antibiotics, was 1% (4 patients). In TRUS biopsy negative results and biopsy-naive subcohorts, csPCa was found in 36.8% (39 of 106) and 52.8% (65 of 123), respectively. In 50.7% (76 of 150) of the active surveillance subcohort, 3T IB-MRGB upgraded the GS assigned in prior TRUS biopsies. Positive predictive values of PIRADSv2.1 categories 3, 4, and 5 for csPCa detection were 24.8%, 44.4%, and 67.1%, respectively. Higher PIRADSv2.1 categories were significantly associated with PCa (odds ratio [OR], 3.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.98–5.28) and csPCa (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03–1.94) detection. Of 137 PIRADSv2 category 3 lesions, 28 were downgraded to PIRADSv2.1 category 2, in which there were no occurrences of csPCa in histology. Conclusions Use of 3T IB-MRGB resulted in detection of csPCa in 50.9% of individuals. 3T IB-MRGB has a high diagnostic yield in individuals with negative TRUS biopsy results and those under active surveillance. The PIRADSv2.1 category is a strong predictor of PCa and csPCa detection.
Pocket the difference

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a route to synthesize carbon-based products using renewable energy, but achieving high selectivity to specific molecules remains demanding. Inspired by enzymes, a nanoparticle–ligand assembly is now reported that has a floating interlayer, which enhances CO2 to CO conversion efficiency.
Spectral Lags of Gamma-Ray Burst From Ginga and BATSE

The analysis of spectral lag between energy bands, which combines temporal and spectral analyses, can add strict constraints to gamma-ray burst (GRB) models. In previous studies, the lag analysis focused on the lags between channel 1 (25-57 keV) and channel 3 (115-320 keV) from the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE). In this paper, we analyzed the cross-correlation average lags (including approximate uncertainties) between energy bands for two GRB samples: 19 events detected by Ginga, and 109 events detected by BATSE. We paid special attention to the BATSE GRBs with known redshifts, because there has been a reported connection between lag and luminosity. This extends our knowledge of spectral lags to lower energy ($\sim 2$ keV). We found that lags between energy bands are small. The lag between the peak of $\sim 50$ keV photons and $\sim 200$ keV photons is $\sim 0.08$ sec. The upper limit in the lag between $\sim 9$ keV photons and $\sim 90$ keV photons is $\sim 0.5$ sec. Thus, there are not large shifts at low energy. We found that about 20% of GRBs have detectable lags between energy bands in the Ginga and BATSE samples. From the internal shock model there are three sources of time structure in GRB pulses: cooling, hydrodynamics, and angular effects. We argue that cooling is much too fast to account for our observed lags and angular effects are energy independent. Thus, only hydrodynamics can produce these lags. Perhaps the radiation process varies as the reverse shock moves through the shell.
Comparison of Internal Patient Satisfaction Scores at a Cancer Center With Star Ratings on Online Physician-Rating Websites.

PURPOSE:Patients have been increasingly using physician-rating websites (PRWs); however, few studies have analyzed the validity of star ratings on PRWs. We aimed to compare PRW patient satisfaction...
Kant on Empirical Self-Consciousness

Kant is said to be the first to distinguish between consciousness of oneself as the subject of one’s experiences and consciousness of oneself as an object, which he calls transcendental and empiric...
Stress and Perfectionism in Communication Sciences and Disorders and Social Work Students

Purpose To further inform faculty and clinical educators interested in facilitating the overall well-being of their students, areas causing stress for undergraduate (UGs) and graduate (Gs) students...
Comparison of obesity among Chinese and U.S. Special Olympic athletes with intellectual disabilities

Abstract Background/objectives Obesity is a health problem in China, but there are no reports on the obesity status of Chinese citizens with intellectual disabilities (ID). Research has shown that adults with ID have higher body mass index (BMI) than adults without ID, but this information is primarily based on populations residing in North American and European countries. The purpose of this study was to compare BMI and obesity status of Chinese and U.S. Special Olympic athletes with ID. Subjects/methods Height, weight, BMI and self-reported physical activity (SRPA) data from the Special Olympics 2006 U.S. National Games and 2007 Shanghai World Games databases were analyzed. Linear and logistic analyses were conducted for continuous data and dichotomous variables, respectively. Predictor variables were age, gender, country, SRPA, and obesity status according to country specific criteria. Significance was set at p Results The U.S. group had significantly higher BMI values than their Chinese counterparts. Age (p = 0.001) and country (p = Conclusion Obesity is an emerging health problem for Chinese adults with ID. Participation in Special Olympics does not offset obesity in people with ID and other methods of intervention are needed to address obesity in this population segment. This is a global health concern that requires immediate attention.
Utilization of Ancillary Data Sets for Conceptual SMAP Mission Algorithm Development and Product Generation

The planned Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission is one of the first Earth observation satellites being developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council's Decadal Survey, Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond [1]. Scheduled to launch late in 2014, the proposed SMAP mission would provide high resolution and frequent revisit global mapping of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state, utilizing enhanced Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) mitigation approaches to collect new measurements of the hydrological condition of the Earth's surface. The SMAP instrument design incorporates an L-band radar (3 km) and an L band radiometer (40 km) sharing a single 6-meter rotating mesh antenna to provide measurements of soil moisture and landscape freeze/thaw state [2]. These observations would (1) improve our understanding of linkages between the Earth's water, energy, and carbon cycles, (2) benefit many application areas including numerical weather and climate prediction, flood and drought monitoring, agricultural productivity, human health, and national security, (3) help to address priority questions on climate change, and (4) potentially provide continuity with brightness temperature and soil moisture measurements from ESA's SMOS (Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity) and NASA's Aquarius missions. In the planned SMAP mission prelaunch time frame, baseline algorithms are being developed for generating (1) soil moisture products both from radiometer measurements on a 36 km grid and from combined radar/radiometer measurements on a 9 km grid, and (2) freeze/thaw products from radar measurements on a 3 km grid. These retrieval algorithms need a variety of global ancillary data, both static and dynamic, to run the retrieval models, constrain the retrievals, and provide flags for indicating retrieval quality. The choice of which ancillary dataset to use for a particular SMAP product would be based on a number of factors, including its availability and ease of use, its inherent error and resulting impact on the overall soil moisture or freeze/thaw retrieval accuracy, and its compatibility with similar choices made by the SMOS mission. All decisions regarding SMAP ancillary data sources would be fully documented by the SMAP Project and made available to the user community.
Localization and writing for a new medium: a review of digital style guides

Durant les ultimes dues decades, un nombre creixent de publicacions han descrit les diferencies entre l'escriptura per imprimir i l'escriptura per visualitzar en pantalla, des d'una perspectiva tant normativa com empirica. Aquestes recomanacions son molt importants per als localitzadors: la capacitat d'ajustar l'estil d'escriptura per a diferents mitjans, generes i situacions de comunicacio es una de les habilitats essencials que aquests professionals han d'adquirir. Aquest article ofereix una revisio de les recomanacions de les guies d'estil de redaccio de programari i per a la web; ofereix un resum concis als professionals de la localitzacio i els traductors nous en proces de formacio. La visio general inclou directrius relatives a idiomes, tipus de localitzacio, guies d'estil especifiques d'empreses i tambe publicacions relatives a la usabilitat.
Combinatorial Optimization: An Introduction

Combinatorial optimization problem arise typically in the form of a mixed-integer linear program $$ \max \left\{ {cx + dy:Ax + Dy \leqslant b,x \geqslant 0 and integer, y \geqslant 0} \right\}, $$ (MIP) where A is any m x n matrix of reals, b is a column vector with m real components and c and d are real row vectors of length n and p, respectively. If n = 0 then we have a linear program. If p = 0 then we have a pure integer program. The variables x that must be integer-valued are the integer variables of the problem, the variables y the real or flow variables. There are frequently explicit upper bounds on either the integer or real variables or both. In many applications the integer variables model yes/no decisions, i.e., they assume only the values of zero or one. In this case the problem (MIP) is a mixed zero-one or a zero-one linear program depending on p > or p = 0
UV Spectroscopic Dating of Stars and Galaxies

We report on new stellar models and spectral analyses carried out for the purpose of dating high-redshift galaxies from their rest-frame UV spectra. The principle behind UV spectrscopic dating is simple. For passively evolving stellar populations younger than about 7 Gyr, the hottest stars are at the main sequence turnoff (MSTO). These stars are thus the only source of significant flux in the mid-ultraviolet (2000 — 3200 A) spectra of such galaxies; in fact, the spectra are remarkably similar to that of a single F-star. By determining the effective temperature of the MSTO stars, we can measure the age of the population.
Clinical and laboratory findings in acute appendicitis in the elderly.

Background: Early diagnosis and surgery are important factors by which the morbidity and mortality of acute appendicitis in elderly patients can be lowered. This study was conducted to determine clinical and laboratory results that are commonly associated with acute appendicitis in elderly patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients aged 60 years or older who underwent appendectomy or laparotomy for suspected acute appendicitis during a 5-year period in a metropolitan county. Acute appendicitis was confirmed by the pathology report. Results: Elevated band cells and right lower quadrant pain were predictors of acute appendicitis in clinically suspected cases. Band cells greater than 6 percent had an excellent positive predictive value, as all patients with elevated band cells had acute appendicitis. With increasing white cell count and temperature, specificity increased, sensitivity decreased, and the positive predictive value remained high. Conclusions: It is essential to have a high degree of suspicion to recognize acute appendicitis in an afebrile elderly patient who has abdominal pain, a mildly elevated white cell count, and band cells in the upper limits of normal.
Evaluation of an adrenal mass in a patient with progressive prostate cancer reveals pheochromocytoma

Adrenal masses in cancer patients pose diagnostic problems. We report the case of a 59 years old male with a history of prostate cancer who presented to us with serially rising prostate specific antigen. On imaging studies he had bone lesions and in addition had a 1.7 cm left adrenal mass. Since metastasis to the adrenal gland has rarely been reported in prostate cancer, and since the radiological criteria in our case favored malignancy, we proceeded with hormonal evaluation and fine needle aspiration biopsy of the adrenal mass which proved it to be pheochromocytoma. This was followed by an uneventful adrenalectomy.
Finding the sweet spot for CRT.

Heart failure patients with left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions of <35% who are on optimal medical therapy with QRS durations of ≥120 ms on surface electrocardiography have derived clinical benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Although this well-established and guideline-
Intercellular communication through gap junctions : a potential role in pharmacomechanical coupling and syncytial tissue contraction in vascular smooth muscle isolated from the human corpus cavernosum

Kinetic and steady-state protocols were used to examine the effects of disruption of intercellular communication with heptanol, on contractile responses elicited by activation of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor in human corporal vascular smooth muscle. For the steady-state studies, strips of corporal tissue from 19 patients were submaximally precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) and then relaxed by the cumulative addition of heptanol. Heptanol completely and reversibly relaxed all tissues studied in a concentration-dependent manner. The heptanol concentration response data were then computer fit to the general logistic equation to obtain pEC50 (negative logarithm of the concentration that elicits one-half of the maximal effect) and slope factor values, with Emax (maximal relaxation) set to 100%. The mean pEC50 and slope factor values, respectively, were 2.86 +/- 0.04 and 1.86 +/- 0.17. Furthermore, kinetic studies on corporal tissues from a subset of the patient population (11 patients) revealed that preincubation of tissues with 2 mM heptanol caused a significant decrease in both the rate and magnitude of PE-induced contractions in all tissues studied, without affecting the rate constant for onset of contraction (k(obs)). The present results on intact tissue extend our previous observations on cultured corporal cells, and support the supposition that intercellular communication through gap junctions may play an important role in the initiation, maintenance and modulation of alpha 1-adrenergic contractions in human vascular smooth muscle.
Enumeration of denitrifying microbial populations in turf

Denitrifer populations of a silt and silt loam soil under a Kentucky bluegrass turf were enumerated using the most probable number (MPN) procedure. The influence of soil texture, soil depth, soil moisture, and additions of nitrate fertilizer on denitrifier populations were determined. Saturated soil conditions increased denitrifier populations 87-fold in the silt soil and 121-fold in the silt loam soil. Denitrifier populations did not differ significantly between soil depths and additions of fertilizer nitrate did not influence populations.
Correlation for estimating vortex rotational velocity downstream dependence

Description of a correlation, derived from water tank measurements in the wake of wings towed under water, that makes it possible to predict the downstream distance behind an aircraft in flight where its trailing vortex will begin to decay. Comparisons of measured and predicted data are discussed.
A direct correlation between film structure and solar cell efficiency for HWCVD amorphous silicon germanium alloys

Abstract The film structure and H bonding of high deposition rate a-SiGe:H i-layers, deposited by HWCVD and containing ~ 40 at.% Ge, have been investigated using deposition conditions which replicate those used in n–i–p solar cell devices. Increasing the germane source gas depletion in HWCVD causes not only a decrease in solar cell efficiency from 8.64% to less than 7.0%, but also an increase in both the i-layer H preferential attachment ratio (PA) and the film microstructure fraction (R⁎). Measurements of the XRD medium range order over a wide range of germane depletion indicate that this order is already optimum for the HWCVD i-layers, suggesting that energetic bombardment of a-SiGe:H films may not always be necessary to achieve well ordered films. Preliminary structural comparisons are also made between HWCVD and PECVD device layers.
The disappearance of real and subjective contours

The disappearance characteristics of luminous designs were studied in three experiments. The stimuli were geometric forms set off by either real or subjective contours. Subjective-contour forms fragmented more often and in a manner qualitatively different from that of forms created with real contours. Previewing a real-contour form increased the subsequent fragmentation of that form, but no adaptation effects were noted among forms created with subjective contours, and there was no cross-contour adaptation. These results are interpreted as inconsistent with the position that subjective contours result from the partial activation of feature-analyzer mechanisms in the visual system.
Incr-EDIBLE! Making—And Baking—“Landscakes”

The line-up for room 216 stretched down the hall. Kindergartners, parents, the vice-principal, soon-to-graduate seniors, all waited in single file, giggling and anxious for the door to open. What w...
A friction model for thermostamping commingled glass–polypropylene woven fabrics

Abstract The effects of processing parameters on the friction coefficient between commingled glass–polypropylene plain-weave fabric composites (Twintex ® ) and the steel tool during thermostamping processes were investigated. The investigation focused on the effects of fabric velocity, normal force and resin viscosity under conditions similar to those in thermostamping processes. The effect of resin viscosity on the resulting friction coefficient was evaluated through changes in tool temperature and initial fabric temperature. The results from these experiments could be related to trends predicted by Stribeck-curve theory. Based on the effects of those parameters and the Stribeck-curve theory, an empirical friction model was developed and incorporated into ABAQUS as a user-defined friction subroutine. This paper describes the development of that friction model for use in finite element models of the thermostamping process. It also discusses the results of a parametric study conducted using the friction model with a finite element model of the thermostamping process. These results show the importance of properly accounting for changes in friction at the metal–fabric interface in numerical simulations of the thermostamping process.
Catalytic steam reforming of chlorocarbons: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

Abstract Experiments with commercial askarals (Aroclors 1221, 1248 and 1254) have confirmed the feasibility of catalytic steam reforming as a method for destroying polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Rhodium, platinum and nickel supported on γ-Al 2 O 3 were used as catalysts. Process conditions were GHSV=10 000–17 000 h −1 ; H 2 O/C=10; and temperature=400–700°C. The Ni catalyst was the most active, giving conversions of 0.9999+ and stable operation at temperatures as low as 400°C. A slight amount of deactivation due to carbon formation was apparent at longer process times. This increased with the degree of chlorination of the PCBs. Carbon monoxide was the dominant carbon product, increasing with time due to poisoning of the water gas shift reaction by chloride species. Platinum achieved essentially the same results, except that higher temperatures (600°C) were necessary and deactivation occurred sooner. Examination of trace amounts of unconverted PCBs indicated a progressive dechlorination of the biphenyl ring.
Application of electro-mechanical impedance sensing technique for online monitoring of strength development in concrete using smart PZT patches

Abstract Electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) sensing technique utilizing smart piezoelectric materials has emerged as a potential tool for the implementation of an online monitoring system for structural health monitoring. Many nondestructive methods for strength gain monitoring seem to have limited capabilities in monitoring of the strength gain in a continuous manner. In this study, the feasibility of the EMI sensing technique for the online strength gain monitoring of early-age concrete is investigated. The experimental study is conducted on the piezoelectric patch instrumented concrete specimen. It is found that the EMI signature is very sensitive to the strength gain in early age concrete.
Protein glycoengineering enabled by the versatile synthesis of aminooxy glycans and the genetically encoded aldehyde tag.

Homogeneously glycosylated proteins are important targets for fundamental research and for biopharmaceutical development. The use of unnatural protein–glycan linkages bearing structural similarity to their native counterparts can accelerate the synthesis of glycoengineered proteins. Here we report an approach toward generating homogeneously glycosylated proteins that involves chemical attachment of aminooxy glycans to recombinantly produced proteins via oxime linkages. We employed the recently introduced aldehyde tag method to obtain a recombinant protein with the aldehyde-bearing formylglycine residue at a specific site. Complex aminooxy glycans were synthesized using a new route that features N-pentenoyl hydroxamates as key intermediates that can be readily elaborated chemically and enzymatically. We demonstrated the method by constructing site-specifically glycosylated variants of the human growth hormone.
The quasi-Lagrangian nature of SOFAR floats

Abstract From several simple numerical and analytical model experiments, estimates are made of the times over which quasi-Lagrangian (constant pressure) SOFAR floats are useful followers of truly Lagrangian fluid parcels. A simple, three-dimensional, analytical, time-dependent model, the McWilliams and Flierl (1976 Deep-Sea Research , 23 , 285–300) Rossby wave fit to the MODE data set, is used as the prototype mid-ocean eddy field. Twenty initially coincident Lagrangian-quasi-Lagrangian pairs of tracers were released at random locations in the field and tracked as a function of time and the root-mean-square amplitude of the field. When the field has an r.m.s. amplitude of 20 cm s −1 at 700 m, an isobaric SOFAR float represents fluid parcel motion for times of the order of the period of the fastest Rossby wave in the field, 129 days. When a field of internal gravity waves (a spectrum of inertial oscillations and baroclinic semidiurnal tides) is added to the Rossby wave field, the representative time is reduced by about 30%. The 700-m results provide a lower bound on estimates of the time that float motion is representative of parcel motion at greater depths.
The Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

(1992). The Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 132, No. 1, pp. 139-141.
Women with gynecologic malignancies have a greater incidence of suicide than women with other cancer types

To evaluate risk of suicide of women with invasive gynecologic malignancies, the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (1973-2007) was queried. Suicide/100,000 women with gynecologic malignancies was compared to that of women with other malignancies; suicide was 30% more likely in those with gynecologic malignancies. Most suicides occurred within 4 years of diagnosis. Better understanding of the descriptive epidemiology of suicide among women with gynecologic malignancies could lead to improved risk assessment, screening, and prevention of this potentially avoidable cause of death.
Perceived consequences of employing AIDS victims: development and validation of a scale.

Preliminary results in the development of a 15-item scale to measure managers' beliefs about the consequences of employing AIDS victims are reported. Study participants included 248 managers in southeastern U.S. manufacturing, government, and service organizations. Principal components analysis of the proposed scale yielded three dimensions including reduced revenues, workplace disruptions, and increased insurance costs. Evidence of predictive validity is presented and support is also provided for the hypothesis that fear of AIDS in the workplace is a construct distinct from perceived consequences of AIDS in the workplace.
Relationships among long'term fisheries abundances, hydrographic variables, and gross pollution indicators in northeastern U.S. estuaries

Categorical time series regression was applied to 55 fish stocks in the Potomac, Hudson, Narragansett, Delaware, and Connecticut estuaries for the period 1929–1975. Interannual variability in catch per unit effort (CPUE) was related to CPUE, hydrographic variables, and pollution variables, lagged back in time to represent the conditions contributing to the multiple ages comprising each fishery. Hydrographic variables included water temperature and flow in the estuary– and, for offshore spawning stocks, wind direction and magnitude–during the months of spawning and early life stage development. Pollution variables included measures of dissolved oxygen conditions in the estuaries, volume of material dredged, and sewage loading (or human population). Lagged CPUE, hydrographic variables, and pollution variables all played important roles in explaining historical variability in CPUE. Lagged CPUE was significant in 45 of 55 stocks generally accounting for 5–35% of the variability. Lagged hydrographic variables were significant in 53 of 55 stocks, explaining an additional 5–40% of the variability unaccounted for by lagged CPUE. Lagged pollution variables were significant in 35 of 55 stocks, generally accounting for an additional 5–30% of the variability not explained by lagged CPUE and hydrographic variables. Results did not exhibit expected patterns of consistency in the importance of lagged CPUE for a species across estuaries or consistency in the importance of pollution variables across estuaries. Results did exhibit the expected north-to-south longitudinal pattern in the importance of timing of the hydrographic variables, the months of importance being one or two months later in more northerly estuaries. Higher-order interaction effects were important in almost all stocks that were well-modeled by categorical time series regression. Of the 30 stocks with final regression models having R2 > 0.55, 26 stocks involved significant interaction effects, five had only significant interaction effects (no significant main effects), and 20 stocks had significant interactions involving variables not significant as main effects. The difficulties involved in analyzing long-term trends in fish populations and partitioning variability between natural and anthropogenic sources are discussed.
The evolution of human resource needs in the USA

Abstract The development of the speciality of anaesthesiology in the USA over the last half-century has seen a significant growth in the number of anaesthesia departments and trainees. With no comprehensive national planning policy for physician human resources in existence, the number of anaesthesiologists has been determined by other things, such as market forces and capacities of the training programme. The American Society of Anesthesiologists has doubled in size in the past 15 years. The proliferation of anaesthesiologists has certainly been beneficial in terms of safety and access to anaesthesia care. However, the recent prospect of too many anaesthesiologists for the future has led to wide oscillations in the number of trainees and employment opportunities.
The Ciceronian Rhetoric of John Quincy Adams

Abstract: This article examines the way in which the classical rhetorical tradition inspired John Quincy Adams9s public life. While rhetorical scholars have probed Adams9s role as Harvard9s first Boylston Professor of Rhetoric, they have not appreciated how the classical tradition in general, and Ciceronian rhetoric in particular, influenced his political career. Social scientists, on the other hand, have studied Adams9s impact on Antebellum America but have not appreciated how his life-long devotion to classical rhetoric shaped his response to public issues. John Quincy Adams remained inspired by classical rhetorical ideals long after the neo-classicalism and deferential politics of the founding generation had been eclipsed by the commercial ethos and mass democracy of the Jacksonian Era. Many of the idiosyncratic positions that Adams adopted over the course of his long career are explicated by considering his abiding devotion to the Ciceronian ideal of the citizen-orator “speaking well” to promote the welfare of the polis.
Screened Interaction Model for Impurity Diffusion in Zinc

The screening theory proposed by Lazarus has been used to examine the impurity diffusion in zinc. The difference in the activation energies ($\ensuremath{\Delta}Q$) for the impurity diffusion and self-diffusion in zinc have been calculated using a screened Coulomb interaction between the vacancy and the excess charge $\mathrm{Ze}$ of the impurity ion. The change in the energy of formation of a vacancy next to the impurity ion is calculated by considering the electrostatic interaction between the impurity ion and the vacancy when they are nearest neighbors. In a saddle-point configuration, the diffusion ion may be assumed to be flanked by two half-vacancies. The change in the energy of motion has been calculated by considering the electrostatic interaction between the two half-vacancies and the impurity ion in the saddle-point configuration. Correlation corrections have been calculated using the expressions for the correlation factors. The estimated differences in activation energies for trivalent and monovalent impurities in zinc have been compared with the available experimental data. The estimated values check fairly well in the case of indium and gold, whereas the agreement is poor in the case of silver. Correlation corrections are important for a trivalent impurity, whereas the diffusional jumps of the monovalent impurity are relatively uncorrelated.
Effect of Isoxanthopterin on the Activity of Transforming DNA in Bacillus subtilis

WHEN an aqueous solution of the pteridine, isoxanthopterin, is incubated with salmon sperm DNA, an unstable association of the pteridine with the DNA can be demonstrated by chromatography on “Sephadex”1. One interesting property of the complex is that the fluorescence of isoxanthopterin is enhanced ten-fold, a phenomenon which has been ascribed, in other cases, to intercalation of a planar heterocycle between base pairs in the DNA double helix2. If such an intimate positioning occurred, it might be possible to disrupt the structure of DNA by using radiant energy of a wavelength (345 nm) which would be absorbed by the pteridine but not by the DNA. In a living organism the result would be expressed as a mutational event, or in the extreme case, cell death. We have tested this hypothesis using a sensitive biological indicator—bacterial transformation—to observe effects at specific gene loci. For experimental convenience, changes in DNA were detected by changes in transforming ability of wild type DNA.
Vespucci: a system for building annotated databases of nascent transcripts

Global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) is a recent addition to the series of high-throughput sequencing methods that enables new insights into transcriptional dynamics within a cell. However, GRO-sequencing presents new algorithmic challenges, as existing analysis platforms for ChIP-seq and RNA-seq do not address the unique problem of identifying transcriptional units de novo from short reads located all across the genome. Here, we present a novel algorithm for de novo transcript identification from GRO-sequencing data, along with a system that determines transcript regions, stores them in a relational database and associates them with known reference annotations. We use this method to analyze GRO-sequencing data from primary mouse macrophages and derive novel quantitative insights into the extent and characteristics of non-coding transcription in mammalian cells. In doing so, we demonstrate that Vespucci expands existing annotations for mRNAs and lincRNAs by defining the primary transcript beyond the polyadenylation site. In addition, Vespucci generates assemblies for un-annotated non-coding RNAs such as those transcribed from enhancer-like elements. Vespucci thereby provides a robust system for defining, storing and analyzing diverse classes of primary RNA transcripts that are of increasing biological interest.
Regulation of pea mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity: Inhibition of ATP-dependent inactivation

Abstract In contrast to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) from animal mitochondria, our in situ and in vitro studies indicate that the ATP:ADP ratio has little or no effect in regulating the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from green pea seedlings. Pyruvate was a competitive inhibitor of ATP-dependent inactivation (Ki = 59 μM), while the PDC had a Km for pyruvate of 66 μ m . Thiamine pyrophosphate, the coenzyme for the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) component of the complex, did not inhibit ATP-dependent inactivation when used alone but it enhanced inhibition by pyruvate. As such, thiamine pyrophosphate was a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 130 nM) of ATP-dependent inactivation. A model is proposed for the pyruvate plus thiamine pyrophosphate inhibition of ATP-dependent inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in which pyruvate exerts its inhibition of inactivation by altering or protecting the protein substrate from phosphorylation and not by directly inhibiting PDH kinase.
Analysis of cast mono-crystalline ingot characteristics with applications to solar cells

In this paper we investigate the performance of commercial cast mono-crystalline (cast-mono) ingots provided by two industrial vendors (Vendors A and B). Samples were analyzed from the top, middle, and bottom regions of the central, side, and the corner bricks. Using a conventional Al-BSF cell structure we fabricated cells on wafers from each region. Cell efficiencies up to 18.2% and 18.3% were achieved on cells fabricated from the center bricks. Cells fabricated from other regions where limited by optical and bulk properties. In addition it is found that cast-mono cells show much less light induced degradation (LID) relative to the widely used mono-crystalline Czochralski (Cz) cells.
Subchronic 90 day toxicity of dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid in rats

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either dichloroacetic acid (DCA) or trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the drinking water at levels of 0, 50, 500 and 5000 ppm for a period of 90 days to determine the toxicities associated with subchronic exposure. All animals were sacrificed and examined for gross and histopathologic lesions, serochemical changes, immune dysfunction, hepatic peroxisomal and mixed function oxidase enzyme induction and organ-body weight changes. Animals treated with DCA had decreased body weight gains (500 and 5000 ppm) and decreased total serum protein (all doses). Rats given either TCA (5000 ppm) or DCA (500 or 5000 ppm) had increased liver and kidney organ to body weight ratios. Rats offered DCA had significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase (500 and 5000 ppm) and alanine-amino transferase (5000 ppm). No consistent immunotoxicity was observed in animals exposed to either compound. Rats treated with 5000 ppm TCA or DCA had significantly increased hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity. These data, along with histopathologic changes, suggest that TCA and DCA produce substantial systemic organ toxicity to the liver and kidney during a 90-day subchronic exposure, although only at doses greater than those expected to occur in the environment.
Fluorescence photobleaching correction for expectation-maximization algorithm

In 3D fluorescence microscopy, a series of 2D images is collected at different focal settings through the specimen. Each image in this series contains the in-focus plane plus contributions from out-of-focus structures that blur the image. Furthermore, as the series is collected the fluorescent dye in the specimen fades over time in response to the total excitation light dosage which progressively increase as more optical slices are collected. Thus the different optical slices are 2D images of different 3D objects, in the sense that at each time point, the object has a different overall intensity. To date, the approach to compensate for this decay has been to precondition the image by dividing the intensities in each optical slice by a decaying exponential before processing the image by any of a number of existing deblurring algorithms. We have now directly incorporated fluorescent decay into maximum-likelihood estimators for the 3D distribution of fluorescent dye. We derived a generalized expectation-maximization algorithm for the simultaneous estimation of the decay constant, considered homogeneous, and the distribution of fluorescent dye.