cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Redescription of the pagurid hermit crab Catapaguroides fragilis (Melin, 1939) and descriptions of two new species from deep-sea off the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura).

Three species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Catapaguroides A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892, all from Japanese waters, are reported. Catapaguroides fragilis (Melin, 1939) is redescribed on the basis of the holotype and additional material from southern Japan. Diagnostic characters of this poorly known species are fully assessed. Two new species, C. bythos and C. rubromaculatus , are described and illustrated on the basis of material from upper bathyal depths off the Ryukyu Islands. Catapaguroides rubromaculatus n. sp. resembles C. fragilis and C. hirsutus Komai & Rahayu, 2013, but the characteristic shape of the ocular peduncle and the elongate male right sexual tube with an anteriorly directed distal portion readily separate C. rubromaculatus n. sp. from the latter two congeners. Catapaguroides bythos n. sp. appears close to C. mortenseni de Saint Laurent, 1968 and C. pectinipes (Lewinsohn, 1969), but the different armature of the chelipeds distinguishes C. bythos n. sp. from the latter two allies. Catapaguroides is now represented by 30 species.
Friends’ plans for college and adolescents’ educational expectations: an instrumental variable approach

Friends are an important influence on adolescents’ educational outcomes. However, because of their similarity on numerous attributes, it is difficult to estimate whether friends influence each othe...
Neuroimaging Mechanisms of Therapeutic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder

Research into therapeutic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for major depression has dramatically increased in the last decade. Understanding the mechanism of action of TMS is crucial to improve efficacy and develop the next generation of therapeutic stimulation. Early imaging research provided initial data supportive of widely held assumptions about hypothesized inhibitory or excitatory consequences of stimulation. Early work also indicated that while TMS modulated brain activity under the stimulation site, effects at deeper regions, in particular, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, were associated with clinical improvement. Concordant with earlier findings, functional connectivity studies also demonstrated that clinical improvements were related to changes distal, rather than proximal, to the site of stimulation. Moreover, recent work suggests that TMS modulates and potentially normalizes functional relationships between neural networks. An important observation that emerged from this review is that similar patterns of connectivity changes are observed across studies regardless of TMS parameters. Though promising, we stress that these imaging findings must be evaluated cautiously given the widespread reliance on modest sample sizes and little implementation of statistical validation. Additional limitations included use of imaging before and after a course of TMS, which provided little insight into changes that might occur during the weeks of stimulation. Furthermore, as studies to date have focused on depression, it is unclear whether our observations were related to mechanisms of action of TMS for depression or represented broader patterns of functional brain changes associated with clinical improvement.
Stability and Change in Cognitive Status Classification of Black Older Adults.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether stability and change in cognitive status are associated with sociodemographic characteristics and health function. Design Secondary analysis of data. Setting Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. Participants Community‐dwelling black adults (N = 407; mean age 68.6 ± 9.1). Measurements Baseline (n = 602) and 33‐month follow‐up (n = 450) assessments of cognition, health, and psychosocial function. Results For the present analyses, participants were grouped as being cognitively normal (n = 249), having stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 32), or being MCI converters (n = 72; normal at baseline, MCI at follow‐up) or reverters (n = 54; MCI at baseline, normal at follow‐up). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the groups differed significantly in education and lung function (P < .010). Post hoc analyses indicated that converters had fewer years of education than the other groups, whereas those who were cognitively normal had better lung function than converters and reverters (P < .050). Conclusion These results suggest that education and lung health are associated with patterns of cognitive status change and stability. Future research should account for sociodemographic and health factors when examining stability of cognitive status classifications.
Domestic Sources of Twenty-first-century Geopolitics: Domestic Politics and Sovereign Wealth Funds in GCC Economies

ABSTRACTThe present article brings domestic politics into an analysis on sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) that are relevant for the study of contemporary geopolitics. What are the domestic drivers behind SWF creation, and how does a country’s domestic political environment affect the creation of these funds? Using a comparative historical case study on sovereign funds in Gulf Cooperation Countries, this article investigates the effects of domestic state–society structures on decisions about SWF creation and their evolving structure. Thereby, this article adds to an emerging stream of literature that looks at the drivers and implications of SWFs. One of the key findings of this analysis is that there are systematic links between the sovereign fund types and domestic structures; these structures include and exclude socio-economic actors that influence policy-making decisions.
Custody Evaluations: Helping the Family Reorganize:

Practical guidelines are offered for using a family assessment approach to determine custody of children of divorce. The focus for the custody evaluation is placed on the dual goals of prompt resol...
Stress-controlled direct shear testing of geosynthetic clay liners I: Apparatus development

Abstract The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) in waste containment applications can induce long-term normal and shear stresses as well as expose GCLs to elevated temperatures and non-standard hydration solutions. Considering the importance of GCL internal shear strength to the design and integrity of waste containment barrier systems, innovative laboratory testing methods are needed to assess shear behavior of GCLs. There were two main objectives of this study: (i) develop a stress-controlled direct shear apparatus capable of testing GCLs exposed to elevated temperatures and hydrated in non-standard solutions; and (ii) assess internal shear behavior of GCLs under varying experimental conditions (e.g., stress, temperature, solution). These two objectives were partitioned into a two-paper set, whereby Part I (this paper) focuses on the shear box design and Part II focuses on an assessment of shear behavior. The direct shear apparatus includes a reaction frame to mitigate specimen rotation that develops from an internal moment within needle-punched reinforced GCLs. Rapid-loading shear tests were conducted to assess functionality of the apparatus and document baseline shear behavior for a heat-treated and a non-heat treated needle-punched GCL with comparable peel strength. These two GCLs failed at comparable applied shear stress; however, the heat-treated GCL yielded lower shear deformation and failure occurred via rupture of reinforcement fiber anchors, whereas the non-heat treated GCL yielded larger shear deformation and failure via pullout of reinforcement fibers.
Self-Selected Sales Incentives: Evidence of their Effectiveness, Persistence, Durability, and Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractDrawing on goal-setting theory, this study develops a new self-selected incentive scheme. Within this scheme, a sales employee chooses an individualized goal–reward level combination from a menu the firm proposes given the employee’s past performance. To test the effects of the self-selected incentive scheme, the authors conducted two field experiments at two Fortune 500 companies. Results of both experiments show that, compared with two equivalent quota systems, sales employees’ performance increased substantially under the self-selected incentive scheme. In addition, findings reveal that the performance increase induced by this scheme is substantially greater for sales employees with a high variation in past performance and for employees with a low past-performance level. Moreover, the authors find that the effects of the self-selected incentive scheme not only are durable when offered again but also persist after the scheme is discontinued. Through two additional online experiments, the authors...
Mathematical Modeling of Cyclic Cancer Treatments

We have so far discussed combination therapies as a means to overcome drug resistance. While the simultaneous administration of multiple drugs is the most effective way to avoid treatment failure, this might not always be possible, e.g., due to issues related to tolerance and toxicity. Here, we examine cyclic treatment regimes, which involve alternating applications of two (or more) different drugs, given one at a time. We discuss how mathematical methods can help us identify guidelines on optimal cyclic treatment scheduling, with the aim of minimizing resistance generation. We define a condition on the drugs’ potencies which allows for a relatively successful application of cyclic therapies. We find that the best strategy is to start with the stronger drug, but use longer cycle durations for the weaker drug. We further investigate the situation where a degree of cross-resistance is present, such that certain mutations cause cells to become resistant to both drugs simultaneously. We show that the general rule (best-drug-first, worst-drug-longer) is unchanged by the presence of cross-resistance. We design a systematic method to test all strategies and come up with the optimal timing and drug order. The role of various constraints on the optimal therapy design, and in particular, suboptimal treatment durations and drug toxicity, is considered.
An exact solution of Laplace's equation for cuspidal geometry

An exact solution of Laplace's equation is obtained for a system of conducting electrodes with cuspidal symmetry. The significance of this result in predicting and verifying the equilibrium configuration of a rotationally symmetric conducting fluid subject to electrostatic stress is discussed.
Clinical Implications of the Drug-Centered Approach

This chapter outlines applications of the drug-centered approach to the practice of psychiatry. Some psychiatrists who are critical of the contemporary focus on pharmacotherapy might argue for psychiatrists to return to the era when their primary role was as psychotherapists. That is not the position taken here. Rather, the author proposes that psychiatry should remain the medical specialty whose expertise is in understanding and prescribing psychoactive substances but that its members do so from the perspective of the drug-centered model articulated in Chap. 4. The implications of a drug-centered, as opposed to disease-centered, approach to medications are examined for several major classes of psychoactive compounds. Similar themes emerge: (1) short-term efficacy with increased relapse risk when drugs are stopped, combined with a conceptualization of mental disorders as chronic, commonly leads to recommendations for long-term pharmacotherapy; (2) considerations of possible withdrawal effects are frequently ignored; and (3) each class of drugs is prescribed for ever-widening lists of indications. These factors have contributed to growing numbers of people taking multiple drugs for indefinite durations. The benefits of shifting to a drug-centered approach are explored and the chapter concludes with suggestions for integrating such an approach into psychiatric practice.
Animal husbandry and food provisioning at the Kura-Araxes settlement of Köhne Shahar in Northwestern Iran

Abstract Pastoralism played a foundational role in the subsistence economies of the Kura-Araxes cultural tradition of the fourth and third millennia BCE. Until recently, because of a lack of zooarchaeological data, interpretations of Kura-Araxes subsistence economies were largely based on indirect proxies, including settlement patterns, site size, and the geographic distribution of material culture. These indicators, while important, are insufficient for investigating the most fundamental aspects of animal economies: what animals were herded, what animal products were exploited, and how people prepared and accessed those products. Herd management and food provisioning strategies are best addressed using meticulous zooarchaeological studies. In this paper, we use animal remains to examine animal husbandry and food provisioning strategies at the Kura-Araxes settlement of Kohne Shahar (ca. 3200–2500 BCE). The animal economy at Kohne Shahar focused on maintaining herd security and a generalized exploitation of sheep, goat, and cattle products that were primarily accessed by residents of Kohne Shahar through direct provisioning. Comparison with other contemporaneous sites demonstrates that Kura-Araxes animal economies focused on flexible and extensive household-based herd management strategies that enabled a wide range of subsistence adaptations with little evidence for specialized pastoral production.
The VEGF receptor neuropilin 2 promotes homologous recombination by stimulating YAP/TAZ-mediated Rad51 expression.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in tumor cells mediated by neuropilins (NRPs) contributes to the aggressive nature of several cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), independently of its role in angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms by which VEGF–NRP signaling contributes to the phenotype of such cancers is a significant and timely problem. We report that VEGF–NRP2 promote homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1 wild-type TNBC cells by contributing to the expression and function of Rad51, an essential enzyme in the HR pathway that mediates efficient DNA double-strand break repair. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that VEGF–NRP2 stimulates YAP/TAZ-dependent Rad51 expression and that Rad51 is a direct YAP/TAZ–TEAD transcriptional target. We also discovered that VEGF–NRP2–YAP/TAZ signaling contributes to the resistance of TNBC cells to cisplatin and that Rad51 rescues the defects in DNA repair upon inhibition of either VEGF–NRP2 or YAP/TAZ. These findings reveal roles for VEGF–NRP2 and YAP/TAZ in DNA repair, and they indicate a unified mechanism involving VEGF–NRP2, YAP/TAZ, and Rad51 that contributes to resistance to platinum chemotherapy.
Effects of electrodes length and insulation for transcranial electric stimulation.

Background The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of length and insulation of the corkscrew electrodes for transcranial motor evoked potential (tMEP) monitoring. Methods We used the finite element method to visualize the electric field in the brain, which was generated by electrodes of different lengths (4, 7, and 12 mm). Two types of head models were generated: A model that included a subcutaneous fat layer and another without a fat layer. Two insulated needle types of conductive tip (5 and 2 mm) were studied. The stimulation threshold levels of hand tMEP were measured in a clinical setting to compare normal corkscrew and insulated 7-mm depth corkscrew. Results The electric field in the brain depended on the electrode depths in the no fat layer model. The deeper the electrodes reached, the stronger the electric fields generated. Electrode insulation made a difference in the fat layer models. The threshold level recordings of tMEP revealed that the 7-mm insulated electrodes showed a lower threshold than the normal electrodes by one-side replacement in each patient: 33.6 ± 9.6 mA and 36.3 ± 11.0 mA (n =16, P < 0.001), respectively. The 7-mm insulated electrodes also showed a lower threshold than the normal electrodes when both sides, electrodes were replaced: 34.4 ± 8.6 mA and 37.5 ± 9.2 mA (n =10, P = 0.003), respectively. Conclusions The electrodes depth reached enough to skull is considered to be efficient. Insulation of the electrodes with a conductive tip is efficient when there is subcutaneous fat layer.
Yield of whole exome sequencing in undiagnosed patients facing insurance coverage barriers to genetic testing.

Background Despite growing evidence of diagnostic yield and clinical utility of whole exome sequencing (WES) in patients with undiagnosed diseases, there remain significant cost and reimbursement barriers limiting access to such testing. The diagnostic yield and resulting clinical actions of WES for patients who previously faced insurance coverage barriers have not yet been explored. Methods We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of clinical WES outcomes for patients facing insurance coverage barriers prior to clinical WES and who subsequently enrolled in the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN). Clinical WES was completed as a result of participation in the UDN. Payer type, molecular diagnostic yield, and resulting clinical actions were evaluated. Results Sixty-six patients in the UDN faced insurance coverage barriers to WES at the time of enrollment (67% public payer, 26% private payer). Forty-two of 66 (64%) received insurance denial for clinician-ordered WES, 19/66 (29%) had health insurance through a payer known not to cover WES, and 5/66 (8%) had previous payer denial of other genetic tests. Clinical WES results yielded a molecular diagnosis in 23 of 66 patients (35% [78% pediatric, 65% neurologic indication]). Molecular diagnosis resulted in clinical actions in 14 of 23 patients (61%). Conclusions These data demonstrate that a substantial proportion of patients who encountered insurance coverage barriers to WES had a clinically actionable molecular diagnosis, supporting the notion that WES has value as a covered benefit for patients who remain undiagnosed despite objective clinical findings.
Antitumor properties of selenous acid in human prostate cancer cells

2290 Epidemiological studies and limited clinical trials data suggest that selenium may reduce the incidence of several cancers including prostate. The mechanisms by which selenium exerts its anti-cancer effects are under intense investigation. This problem is compounded by the knowledge that the chemo-prevention properties of different selenium compounds are different depending on the source and or chemical structure of selenium. Furthermore, we have limited understanding on the role of selenium on normal prostate cells compared to the cancerous prostate cells. We have selected a normal prostate cell line RWPE-1 and three different prostate cancer cell lines depending on their androgen receptor status and response to hormonal regulation. We tested the effect of seven different selenium compounds on these cells. The source of different selenium compounds were: yeast selenium, selenic acid, selenous acid, selenocystamine, selenomethionine, sodium selenite and sodium selenate. Growth inhibition studies showed that different selenium compounds had different effects on the growth of these cells. Three of the cancer cells (LNCaP, DU-145, and PC3) responded strongly to selenous acid, but not the normal prostate cells RWPE-1. Sodium selenite at low concentration induced growth inhibition of LNCaP and DU-145, but not of PC3 and normal prostate cells. Yeast selenium had no effect on the androgen receptor-positive cells LNCaP. In contrast, at low concentration of 0.5 μg/ml selenomethionine, selenocystamine, sodium selenate and selenic acid had no significant effect on all of three prostate cancer cells. Next, we examined the cellular pathways leading to apoptosis in response to different selenium compounds. Our results confirm that selenous acid induced-apoptosis involves a common pathway that results in the activation of caspase 9 and 7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in LNCaP, DU-145 and PC3 human prostate cancer cells. In addition, selenous acid induced-apoptosis down regulated phosphor-Akt/PKB and GSK in PC3 cells. Selenous acid down regulated cyclin D1 in LNCaP and DU-145 cells. Selenous acid treated LNCaP cells up-regulated MAPK (ERK1/2) in a dose dependent manner. Inhibiting the MAP kinase pathway with PD98059, however, did not affect the extent of apoptosis induced by selenous acid, suggesting that the apoptotic signal was independent of ERK1/2. In summary, our data suggest that selenous acid is a more potent inhibitor of prostate tumor cell growth compared to sodium selenite, yeast selenium, selenomethionine, selenocystamine, sodium selenate and selenic acid. Selenous acid is equally effective as growth inhibitor of androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. This study provides evidence that Selenous acid at micro-molar concentration induces apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation in human prostate cancer cells, but not in normal prostate epithelial cells.
Discovery of a spatially and temporally persistent core microbiome of the common bean rhizosphere

Plants recruit soil microbes that provide nutrients, promote growth and protect against pathogens. However, the full potential of microbial communities for supporting plant health and agriculture is unrealized, in part because rhizosphere members key for plant health are difficult to prioritize. Microbes that ubiquitously associate with a plant species across large spatial scales and varied soil conditions provide a practical starting point for discovering beneficial members. Here, we quantified the structures of bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities in the common bean rhizosphere (Phaseolus vulgaris), and assessed its core membership across space and time. To assess a spatial core, two divergent bean genotypes were grown in field conditions across five major growing regions in the United States, and then also compared to eight genotypes grown in Colombian soil. To assess a temporal core, we conducted a time course of rhizosphere and rhizoplane microbiome members over bean development in the field. Surprisingly, there were 48 persistent bacterial taxa that were detected in all samples, inclusive of U.S. and Colombian-grown beans and over plant development, suggesting cosmopolitan enrichment and time-independence. Neutral models of abundance-occupancy relationships and co-occurrence networks show that many of these core taxa are deterministically selected and likely in intimate relationships with the plant. Many of the core taxa were yet-uncultured and affiliated with Proteobacteria; these taxa are prime targets in support of translational plant-microbiome management. More generally, this work reveals that core members of the plant microbiome can have both broad ranges and temporal persistence with their host, suggesting intimate, albeit possibly opportunistic, interactions.
Prognostic value (PV) of pathologic response (PR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) alone in resected pancreatic cancer (PDAC): Initial analysis.

771Background: As neoadjuvant Rx for resected PDAC often includes chemoradiation, the PV of PR includes its impact. We began analysis of the impact of NC alone in this setting. Methods: Patients (p...
Citizenship in Chinese and Global History Before and After the 1890s

Maarten Prak's Citizens without Nations merits praise for what he has added to our understanding of early modern and modern European history. He presents persuasive arguments and evidence for how variations among early modern European cities and their citizens together with subsequent variations among relations between cities and state shaped the modern relations between European national states and their citizens. Prak also extends the concept of citizenship to China and the Ottoman Empire where neither the ideological, nor the institutional features of European citizenship existed by discussing Chinese and Ottoman urban social, economic, and political practices that in early modern Europe relate to citizenship. Such a move makes invisible the early modern ideological and institutional foundations of the Chinese and Ottoman practices he recounts. It additionally creates the problem of determining how, if at all, what he calls Chinese and Ottoman citizenship mattered to nineteenth-century Chinese and Ottoman subjects as they encountered for the first time Western notions of citizenship. In order to write global history, we need more studies of Chinese, Ottoman, and other histories, which explain the changing political architecture of relations between people and those who ruled them to complement what Maarten Prak's fine study of citizens without nations gives us for European history.
Peritoneal Catheter Implantation for CAPO

Implantation of the peritoneal catheter is the important first step in beginning CAPD. In this paper the major complications of catheter implantation are discussed and ways to reduce these complica...
A complete generalization of Göllnitz’s “big” theorem

In the spirit of Gollnitz’s “big” partition theorem of 1967, we present a new mod-6 partition identity. Alladi et al. provided a four-parameter refinement of Gollnitz’s big theorem in 1995 via a key identity of generating functions and the method of weighted words. By means of this technique, two similar mod-6 identities of this type were discovered—one by Alladi in 1999 and one by Alladi and Andrews in 2015. We finish the picture by presenting and proving the fourth and final possible mod-6 identity in this spirit. Furthermore, we provide a complete generalization of mod-n identities of this type. Finally, we apply a similar argument to generalize an identity of Alladi et al. from 2003.
Stories to Craft: Applying Narrative Competencies to Student Affairs

Stories and storytelling provide meaning and build connections between individuals. Using various narrative frameworks developed in the medical and career development disciplines, the author makes ...
On the determination of the dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy

The paper presents a comparison of the dissipation rate obtained from numerical differentiation of the time-resolved velocity, analog differentiation of the hot-wire signal, integration of the velocity derivative spectra obtained from the velocity spectra, and the application of a power decay law. Hot-wire measurements downstream of an active-grid provide the time-resolved velocity with a Taylor Reynolds number in the range of 200–470, turbulence intensities in the range of 5.8–11%, and nominal mean velocities of 4, 6, and 8 m s $$^{-1}$$ . The dissipation rate calculated using a ninth-order central-difference scheme differs at most by $${\pm }$$ 4% from the value obtained by analog differentiation. For comparison, a 23rd-order central-difference scheme offers negligible (0.02%) difference relative to the ninth-order scheme. Correction for an apparent uncertainty in the calibration of the analog differentiator reduces the difference to $${\pm }$$ 2.5%. In contrast, integration of the velocity derivative spectra obtained from the velocity spectra leads to a dissipation rate 14–45% larger than the corresponding values obtained using analog differentiation. Results obtained from the application of a power decay law of turbulence kinetic energy with a nonzero virtual origin to determine the dissipation rate deviate by 1.7%, 1.6%, and 3.6% relative to the corresponding values obtained from the analog differentiator based on the ensemble average of downstream locations with a $${\pm }$$ 5.6% scatter about the ensemble average.
Artificial neural network prediction of same-day discharge following primary total knee arthroplasty based on preoperative and intraoperative variables.

Aims This study used an artificial neural network (ANN) model to determine the most important pre- and perioperative variables to predict same-day discharge in patients undergoing total knee arthro...
Re-examining assumptions about trauma and resilience : Implications for intervention

Common assumptions about trauma resulting from maltreatment (physical and sexual abuse, witnessing of violence, and neglect) and resilience in the face of such experiences will be explored and challenged by the findings from developmental psychopathology and clinical research. Trauma assumptions to be examined include the inevitably harmful effect of maltreatment, the existence of a core presentation, and the intergenerational transmission of abuse/violence. Resilience assumptions including the perception of resilience as a trait, resilience as a constant, and resilience as psychological well-being will also be explored and corrected. Implications for treatment, following from these modified assumptions, include considerations of when and how we need to intervene on behalf of maltreated children.
The Schockley-Jensen Thesis: A Contextual Appraisal.

(1975). The Shockley-Jensen Thesis: A Contextual Appraisal. The Black Scholar: Vol. 6, Black Psychology, pp. 2-11.
Identification of Nutritional Components in Trypticase Responsible for Recovery of Escherichia coli Injured by Freezing

Moss, C. Wayne (North Carolina State University, Raleigh), and M. L. Speck. Identification of nutritional components in Trypticase responsible for recovery of Escherichia coli injured by freezing. J. Bacteriol. 91:1098–1104. 1966.—Freezing and storage of Escherichia coli at −20 C resulted in nonlethal or “metabolic” injury to a proportion of the surviving population. The injury was manifested as an increased nutritional requirement after freezing. Injured cells could not grow on a minimal agar medium, but could develop on Trypticase Soy Agar. The percentage of injured survivors varied among strains, but was little affected by altering the freezing menstruum. Trypticase was found to be the component in Trypticase Soy Agar responsible for the recovery of injured cells, and contained five closely related peptides that possessed most of the biological activity. Isolation of the peptides was accomplished by Sephadex gel chromatography, paper chromatography, and high-voltage paper electrophoresis. Hydrolysis of the peptides destroyed the ability to restore injured cells.
Imagining social change: Developing social consciousness in an arts-based pedagogy

This paper is a study of a social-justice, arts-based literacy curriculum in a low income, working-class, predominately African-American school district in Newark, New Jersey. Participating students studied photography and poetry of established artists and took and developed their own photographs accompanied by written narratives. As a part of the curriculum students also wrote poetry and analytical essays. I present my findings within the context of a Vygotskian pedagogical approach that takes social consciousness and metaphor as its central concepts. The paper lays out this conceptual apparatus and deploys it to analyze the curriculum and student work. The paper argues for curriculum that develops social consciousness as the most effective for preparing students to create and participate in democratic societies. The research and analysis show that an arts based curriculum, in addition to successfully teaching literacy, is one of the most effective ways of bringing students’ life experience into the classroom for analysis and discussion, making activity at school relevant for students lives, especially those whose daily activities regularly confronts issues of life and death.
Reach and grasp

The short history of Information Systems suggests persistent anxiety about the field's purported lack of academic legitimacy. A common refrain in the anxiety discourse is that legitimacy can be obtained only by creating a strong theoretic core for the field. This essay takes exception with this view, attributing the anxiety to the field's relative youth, its focus on technology in a technophobic institutional environment, and academic ethnocentrism within and without the field. While developing stronger theory might be helpful, it is more important that the IS field pushes back against the hegemony of IS critics outside the field whose arguments masquerade as concerns about academic quality. The anxiety discourse should be replaced by the IS field's aggressive pursuit of new instructional and research opportunities that cross traditional institutional barriers and the pursuit of excellence on academic criteria deemed important by the field itself.
Online Shopping Behavior: Key Dimensions and Research Synthesis

A growing body of research has emerged related to the online shopping. In this study, the current literature related to media factors that influence online shopping behavior is extensively surveyed by identifying key dimensions. Four dimensions of the online shopping channel, including informativeness, convenience, customer service, and experiential uniqueness, are proposed based on the literature review and expert judgments. In addition, these key dimensions are discussed in the context of the established traditional channel literature; and the relationships between the traditional channel behavior and online shopping behavior are discussed. This research would help investigators to compare and contrast the developments in online shopping literature and the more established traditional shopping channel literature. The potential directions of future research on online shopping are addressed too.
A Theory of Equitable Performance Standards

Performance standards are reconceptualized as the interface between measurement and evaluation. A job’s performance standards are theorized to be equitable to the extent that they require levels of effectiveness equal to those collectively viewed as justified by the standing of the job’s pay rate relative to the labor market median. Methodology for creating equitable performance standards is presented, and the implications of implementing such performance standards are discussed in reference to compensation strategy and practice and to the potential financial benefits to organizations.
Numerical determination of electrically enhanced fiber collection efficiency

Abstract The enhancement of fibrous air filter efficiency resulting from the introduction of electrostatic forces has been studied since the development of the Hansen filter. Recent dynamic experiments at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory have demonstrated the complexity of the interactive effects of electrostatic forces on the efficiency of fibrous air filters when an external field is applied to the filter. In particular, it was shown that the electrical forces between fibers and particles which result from particle charge, particle polarization, fiber charge and fiber polarization by an external electric field all contribute significantly and interactively to the electrical enhancement of the efficiency. In this paper, a theoretical model is given which can be used to demonstrate these effects on the fiber collection efficiency for the case of inertialess particles. Because this efficiency cannot be given by a closed formula in this general case, numerical methods are necessary. Furthermore, to carry out extensive parameter studies it is important that these numerical methods are efficient. A method for numerically determining the limiting trajectories is given in terms of the solution of single initial value problems. The fiber collection efficiency can then be determined from points on these trajectories.
Filamin and Phospholipase C-ε Are Required for Calcium Signaling in the Caenorhabditis elegans Spermatheca

The Caenorhabditis elegans spermatheca is a myoepithelial tube that stores sperm and undergoes cycles of stretching and constriction as oocytes enter, are fertilized, and exit into the uterus. FLN-1/filamin, a stretch-sensitive structural and signaling scaffold, and PLC-1/phospholipase C-e, an enzyme that generates the second messenger IP3, are required for embryos to exit normally after fertilization. Using GCaMP, a genetically encoded calcium indicator, we show that entry of an oocyte into the spermatheca initiates a distinctive series of IP3-dependent calcium oscillations that propagate across the tissue via gap junctions and lead to constriction of the spermatheca. PLC-1 is required for the calcium release mechanism triggered by oocyte entry, and FLN-1 is required for timely initiation of the calcium oscillations. INX-12, a gap junction subunit, coordinates propagation of the calcium transients across the spermatheca. Gain-of-function mutations in ITR-1/IP3R, an IP3-dependent calcium channel, and loss-of-function mutations in LFE-2, a negative regulator of IP3 signaling, increase calcium release and suppress the exit defect in filamin-deficient animals. We further demonstrate that a regulatory cassette consisting of MEL-11/myosin phosphatase and NMY-1/non-muscle myosin is required for coordinated contraction of the spermatheca. In summary, this study answers long-standing questions concerning calcium signaling dynamics in the C. elegans spermatheca and suggests FLN-1 is needed in response to oocyte entry to trigger calcium release and coordinated contraction of the spermathecal tissue.
Practicing Finding the Spaces Available within the Educational Situation--An Essay Review of "John Dewey and Education Outdoors: Making Sense of the 'Educational Situation' through More than a Century of Progressive Reform".

In this piece, I begin by reviewing and summarizing the book John Dewey and Education Outdoors by John Quay and Jayson Seaman. After an overview of the authors’ work, I use nuanced presumptions within the authors’ work to explore how principles of ecology (complexity theory), principles of embodied movement practices such as yoga and five Rhythms Dance, and a poststructural both/and perspective might create opportunities for re-imagining and transforming the cultural institution of education. Questions explored in this review include: What sort of relationship might allow us to remain open and engaged within a dynamic environment where change is the norm? What sort of relationship to difference allows us to remain open to the creative potential found in what is oppositional? Through exploring these questions, I hope to clarify a vision of transformation and change as a creative practice that grows out of learning to both work with, accept, and honor ourselves and strengthen connection with others, communities, the planet and the environment.
Asymptotic distribution of test statistic for the covariance dimension reduction methods in regression

Abstract Yin and Cook (J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B Part 2 64 (2002) 159) recently introduced a new dimension reduction method for regression called Cov k . Here, we develop the asymptotic distribution of the Cov k test statistic for dimension under weak assumptions. This serves as an analytic counterpart to the permutation test suggested by Yin and Cook.
Proton Detection of Choline and Lactate in EMT6 Tumors by Spin-Echo-Enhanced Selective Multiple-Quantum-Coherence Transfer☆

An extension of the Sel-MQC pulse sequence—SEE-SelMQC (spin-echo-enhanced selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer)—that completely suppresses lipid and water in tissues containing mobile lipid in a single scan and detects1H resonances of multiple metabolites is described. As in the Sel-MQC lactate-editing experiments [Q. Heet al., J. Magn. Reson. B106, 203 (1995)], SEE-SelMQC acquires lactate from its ZQ → DQ coherence-transfer pathway; in addition, the method recovers signal from other metabolites by selective generation of additional spin echoes using extra frequency-selective pulses and gradients. This method introduces no loss of lactate signal intensity beyond the 50% that is lost through the multiple-quantum coherence-transfer process. The spatial distributions of choline and lactate with a phantom andin vivo,in subcutaneously implanted murine EMT6 tumors, have been simultaneously mapped.
The Elemental Processes of Simple Interaction: A Formulation

Formulation of a general theory of interaction is today, as it has always been, the central task of sociology. Precisely because interaction is so central to all the behavioral sciences, direct formulation of its theoretical basis has proved most difficult. This seminal concept leads inexorably to consideration of the broadest panorama of social, cultural, and psychological problems. "Explanation" of a particulaf interaction pattern may require attention to the personality of individual actors, to the cultural matrix which forms the situation for those actors, and to the wider social system of which that patternn is part. This is true in spite of the fact that a theory of interaction can appeal ultimately neither to the idiosyncratic nor the cultural, but must consist of a self-contained set of related propositions.
Esophageal Replacement With Colon Interposition

End-stage esophageal disease has a profound effect on an indivitlual’s nutritional state and his or her ability to lead ii normal and fulfilled life. Persons who suffer from the effects of severe esophageal disorders or previously failed esophageal surgery are often prescribed myriad medicxations in the hope of alleviating distressing symptoms. Thvse ciesperaie and unfortunate individuals are often referred from one physician to the next in search of a cure. The only therapeutic hope for them is surgical intervention. Because previous surgery has often contrihuted to the prohlt*m, hoth the patient and physician are rcBluc-tant to awept further cwmplex surgical therapy that may have a toutrcl high mortality and questionahle outcome. In our experience, esophageal replacement for 1)enigii disease can he safely performed, with mininial inorl iidity and mortality and with excellent longterm functional results.
Antigen processing and presentation by intestinal epithelial cells – polarity and complexity

The mechanisms by which gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) maintains a balance between oral tolerance and active immune response in the face of exposure to high antigen concentrations remains a central question in mucosal immunity. Here, Robert Hershberg and colleagues discuss the evidence that human intestinal epithelial cells function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capable of regulating T-cell responses in the intestinal mucosa
Abnormal ECG in Man Admitted to ICU With Chest Pain and Irregular Pulse

(CHEST 2004; 125:775–776) A 73-year-old man enters the ICU with chest pain and an irregular pulse. The patient has a long history of coronary artery disease, with a myocardial infarction 10 years ago and coronary artery bypass graft surgery performed 7 years ago. He is known to have a left bundle-branch block on his ECG since his coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In the past 7 years, he has been asymptomatic. He has been taking aspirin for years. This morning he awoke with substernal chest pressure that lasted 10 min. Although the pain was similar to that of his myocardial infarction, he graded it only 3 on a scale of 10 in intensity. The patient came to the emergency department, where he was pain free. Physical examination revealed a pulse of 70 beats/min and irregular, and a BP of 130/80 mm Hg. The rest of his physical examination was normal. His ECG is shown (Fig 1). Blood is drawn for laboratory tests, and he is transferred to the ICU. Initial management of this patient should include which of the following?
The illumination of marginality: how ethnic Hazaras in Bamyan, Afghanistan, perceive the lack of electricity as discrimination

In Afghanistan ethnic Hazaras are a group with a long history of marginalization, and even outright persecution, mainly because of their Shi'a Muslim faith. Only after the international intervention in 2001 have socio-economic opportunities started to open up for Hazaras. Hazaras, however, maintain a strong perception of still being considered second-class citizens, claiming to be overlooked by the Afghan government and allotted fewer funds by the international development community. This paper examines Hazara perceptions of marginality with reference to one issue: the lack of state-provided electricity in Bamyan province, which many consider the Hazara homeland. Anti-government protests in Bamyan often revolve around this particular issue, and the demand for electricity has become part of the permanent landscape, through a lantern sculpture in Bamyan's main square, as well as through the experience of living one's everyday life with a lack of easily available electric light. The lack of electricity becom...
Fixation methods in pediatric cochlear implants: retrospective review of an evolution of 3 techniques.

Objective. To review 3 techniques of cochlear implant (CI) fixation used by a single surgeon for the fixation of 320 consecutive CIs in a pediatric population and associated complications.Study Des...
Do Human Menstrual-Cycle Pheromones Exist?

Research over the past 15 years indicates, contrary to earlier results, that women do not synchronize their menstrual cycles. If women do not synchronize their cycles, this implies there is no mechanism for synchronizing cycles. Since a pheromone mechanism of synchronization is the only plausible mechanism that has been proposed, it follows that that there are no pheromones that modulate the length of menstrual cycles. To test this hypothesis, eight studies were reviewed that reported pheromone effects on menstrual cycles, other behavior, or physiological correlates in women. The prediction was that serious problems would be found in each of these studies. As predicted, serious problems were found in all eight studies. Taken together, these results cast doubt on the existence of pheromones that modulate the length of menstrual cycles.
Incorporation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor into planar multilamellar films: characterization by fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy

A method for preparing thin, planar films of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) membranes that retain the ability to undergo the resting to desensitized state transition and that are suitable for spectroscopic studies has been developed. Native, alkaline-extracted nAChR membranes from Torpedo are dried under nitrogen on either a plastic microscope coverslip or a germanium internal reflection element (IRE) and then equilibrated with buffer. The drying procedure has no effect on the functional state of the nAChR as judged by a fluorescence assay using the probe ethidium bromide. The times required for an acetylcholine analogue (carbamylcholine), a local anesthetic (dibucaine), and a fluorescent probe (ethidium bromide) to penetrate films of varying degrees of thickness, interact with the receptor, and then to be washed from the films have been established. Under these conditions, the nAChR films can be repetitively cycled between the resting and desensitized states. Both fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy show that the films adhere strongly to either support even with buffer flowing continuously past the film surface. Fourier transform infrared difference spectra calculated from spectra recorded in the presence and absence of carbamylcholine show small, reproducible bands which reflect changes in nAChR structure upon desensitization.
ADAPTATIONS IN GRAMMYSIA OBLIQUA

The Grammysiidae are an important but little understood family of Paleozoic bivalves. Specimens of Grammysia obliqua (McCoy) from the Stonehouse Formation (Uppermost Silurian), Nova Scotia, permit interpretation of their functional morphology and autecology. Grammysia obliqua was an immobile, semi-infaunal, filter-feeding bivalve. It lived fixed by a byssus, with the shell inclined about 40° to the sediment-water interface. Though incapable of opening the shell, the animal maintained contact with the environment through byssal and dorsal-posterior gapes. This latter gape was in a peculiar position for a bivalve and required some anatomical adaptation, but it was functionally efficient for the animal's life attitude.
Blindfolded Data Search via Secure Pattern Matching

Balancing security and privacy concerns with information sharing is a top priority for corporations, law enforcement agencies, governments, and other organizations. Secure pattern matching (SPM) addresses some of the challenges faced in sharing and searching private data.