cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Experience, and Concerns Regarding Bed Bugs Among Emergency Medical Service Providers.

Introduction Bed bugs are commonly encountered by emergency medical service (EMS) providers. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which EMS providers encountered bed bugs, assess their knowledge about bed bugs, and analyze the actions they take after finding bed bugs. Methods We anonymously surveyed 407 EMS providers from 180 EMS agencies in northeast Ohio between September 1, 2018, through March 31, 2019. Results Among the providers surveyed, 21% (n = 84) of the EMS providers reported seeing bed bugs at least monthly, and 6% (n = 24) reported seeing bed bugs at least weekly. Being younger, male, and working in an urban environment (vs. rural) were associated with EMS providers reporting more frequent bed bug encounters (p: ≤.05). The mean level of concern for encountering bed bugs among EMS providers was 3.54 (SD: 1.15; scale: 1 = no concern, 5 = very concerned). Among the EMS providers who reported seeing bed bugs at least monthly, 30% took the affected EMS stretcher out of service when they encounter a bed bug, 43% took the EMS rig out of service, 83% cleaned the EMS stretcher with a disinfectant, and 88% notified the ED that their patient has bed bugs. EMS providers scored poorly (mean: 69% correct responses) in a seven-question assessment of basic bed bug biology and public health. Conclusion Based on our findings, we concluded that EMS knowledge and behavior related to bed bugs are suboptimal.
Effects of stocking density on large white, commercial tom turkeys reared to 20 weeks of age: 1. growth and performance.

Industry standards for turkey stocking densities are variable and may not represent the more rapidly growing strains currently available. Therefore, a study was completed to evaluate 4 stocking densities: a nominal density (0.3525 m2/bird), 10% tighter density (0.3169 m2/bird), 10% looser density (0.3882 m2/bird), and 20% looser density (0.4238 m2/bird) on the effects on large white, commercial male turkeys with regard to performance from 5 to 20 wk of age. Brooding stocking density was fixed for all pens of birds with 60 birds per replicate pen at 0.46 m2/bird to 5 wk of age. Density treatments were applied from 5 to 20 wk by altering pen size with pen population held constant at 60 per pen. There were 4 pens of birds per density treatment. Birds were weighed individually at 0, 5, and 20 wk of age and performance parameters were calculated. There were no differences in bird performance at 5 wk, which was expected because stocking density was fixed. From 5 to 20 wk and at 20 wk, birds that were reared at the nominal standard (0.3525 m2/bird) and 10% tighter density (0.3169 m2/bird) had significantly lower body weight compared with the 10% looser density (0.3882 m2/bird) and 20% looser density (0.4238 m2/bird) (P = 0.03 and 0.01, respectfully). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended (P = 0.08) to be improved for birds reared at looser density. In addition, based on linear regression, as stocking density decreased (i.e., m2/bird increased), BW (P < 0.05) increased, and FCR (P = 0.10) tended to decrease (improve) at 20 wk. It was concluded that birds reared at looser density had improved performance.
A 77 GHz 8RX3TX transceiver for 250 m long range automotive radar in 40 nm CMOS technology

This paper presents a fully integrated 77 GHz transceiver for long range automotive radar with a 2 × 8 time-division-multiplexing multi-input multi-output (TDM-MIMO) technique in 40 nm CMOS technology. The MMIC integrates an 8-channel receiver (RX), a 3-channel transmitter (TX), a phase locked loop (PLL), a TX power detector and a power calibration loop, an SRAM, an eFuse, a temperature compensation calibration loop with look up table (LUT) and a temperature sensor, a serial peripheral interface (SPI), and a MIMO control logic. The RX shows noise figure (NF) of 8.7 dB and input-referred 1 dB compression point (IP1dB) of −7.4 dBm. The RX with the worst condition shows NF of 14 dB and IP1dB of −10 dBm. The TX shows output power of 14.1 dBm and phase noise of −116 dBc/Hz at 12.5 MHz offset frequency. The radar module demonstrates the detection range of 250 m.
Flow Electrolyzer Mass Spectrometry with a Gas-Diffusion Electrode Design.

Operando mass spectrometry is a powerful technique to probe reaction intermediates near the surface of catalyst in electrochemical systems. For electrochemical reactions involving gas reactants, conventional operando mass spectrometry struggles in detecting reaction intermediates because the batch-type electrochemical reactor can only handle a very limited current density due to the low solubility of gas reactant(s). Herein, we developed a new technique, namely flow electrolyzer mass spectrometry (FEMS), by incorporating a gas-diffusion electrode design, which enables the detection of reactive volatile or gaseous species at high operating current densities (>100 mA cm-2 ). We investigated the electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction reaction (eCORR) on polycrystalline copper and elucidated the oxygen incorporation mechanism in the acetaldehyde formation. Combining FEMS and isotopic labelling, we showed that the oxygen in the as-formed acetaldehyde intermediate originates from the reactant CO, while ethanol and n-propanol contained mainly solvent oxygen. The observation provides direct experimental evidence of an isotopic scrambling mechanism.
Innovative qualitative research data collection and analysis activities that engage nursing students

Abstract Background Rather than traditional teacher-centered classrooms, it is important for instructors to shift to student-centered models, encouraging active learning. Problem The challenge for instructors is to design in-person and/or virtual classroom activities that introduce and engage students in essential aspects of qualitative research data collection and analysis. Approach Two instructor-created and student-centered activities focused on qualitative data collection and analysis strategies that connect instructors and undergraduate or graduate nursing research students are described. Outcomes Instructors witnessed students' interaction and robust group discussion. Positive students' evaluations and quantitative success on assignments were noted. Outcomes suggest that these activities (in-person or virtual-platform) for qualitative data collection and analysis are effective classroom strategies to present difficult concepts in an easily understood and learner-friendly context. Conclusions These leaning activities move students to engage with and learn from one another under instructor's guidance. Other faculty may use these activities in structuring classrooms that involve and stimulate students' critical thinking about qualitative research methods.
How operationalizations of word types affect measures of lexical diversity

Abstract This study tests three measures of lexical diversity (LD), each using five operationalizations of word types. The measures include MTLD (measure of textual lexical diversity), MTLD-W (moving average MTLD with wrap-around measurement), and MATTR (moving average type-token ratio). Each of these measures is tested with types operationalized as orthographic forms, lemmas using automated POS tags, lemmas using manually corrected POS tags, flemmas (list-based lemmas that do not distinguish between parts of speech), and word families. These measures are applied to 60 narrative texts written in English by adolescent native speakers of English (n = 13), Finnish (n = 31), and Swedish (n = 16). Each individual LD measure is evaluated in relation to how well it correlates with the mean LD ratings of 55 human raters whose inter-rater reliability was exceedingly high (Cronbach’s alpha = .980). The overall results show that the three measures are comparable but two of the operationalizations of types produce mixed results across measures.
Making the Most out of Court Observations in the 1L Year

A well-planned observation of court proceedings can go a long way in helping students better learn the skills of lawyering and understand how legal theory actually works in practice. This article discusses the various considerations for the professor planning such an observation to help ensure that students get the most out of the experience.
Anthroposophic Medicine: A Short Monograph and Narrative Review—Foundations, Essential Characteristics, Scientific Basis, Safety, Effectiveness and Misconceptions:

IntroductionAnthroposophic medicine is a form of integrative medicine that originated in Europe but is not well known in the US. It is comprehensive and heterogenous in scope and remains provocativ...
T-cell lymphoma in a man with persistent dyspnea and unusual dependent pulmonary interstitial thickening.

A 43-year-old previously healthy man with hypertension presented to his primary care provider with fevers and dyspnea, after a history of cough and sinus congestion lasting several weeks. A chest radiograph demonstrated prominent interstitial markings with scattered alveolar opacities. Based on the
Association of gastric emptying with postprandial appetite and satiety sensations in obesity

Objective Satiety, defined as the duration of the sensation of fullness, is usually measured by validated visual analog scales (VAS) for appetite. Gastric function plays a key role in food intake regulation. However, the association between gastric emptying (GE) and VAS appetite is unknown. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 134 participants (mean [SEM] age = 39 [0.8] years, mean [SEM] BMI = 38 [0.5] kg/m2 , 67% females) completed simultaneous measurements of GE and VAS appetite. After a 320-kcal meal, GE was measured by scintigraphy and appetite by validated 100-mm VAS for 240 minutes. Satiation was defined as calories consumed to terminate meal and was measured by an ad libitum meal. GE, VAS, and ad libitum meal tests were measured on the same day. Percent of meal retention in the stomach, VAS area under curve (AUC0-240 min ), and overall appetite score (OAS) were calculated. Pearson correlation (ρ) determined the association of GE with VAS appetite and satiation. Appetite components were also analyzed by quartiles based on GE120 min . Results GE120 min was correlated with sensation of VAS hungerAUC(0-240 min) (ρ = 0.24, p = 0.004), fullnessAUC(0-240 min) (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.05), and OASAUC(0-240 min) (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.02). Patients with rapid GE120 min had a mean increase in VAS hungerAUC(0-240 min) by 32 mm/min (15.62%, p = 0.03) compared with normal/slow GE120 min . Conclusions GE is associated with the sensations of appetite, and rapid GE is associated with increased appetite, which may contribute to weight gain.
Strategic agility in the SME: Use it before you lose it

This empirical study investigates strategic agility and its relationships with firm age, firm size, and firm performance in SMEs. The Doz and Kosonen three-factor model of strategic agility is operationalized and tested in 30 firms from multiple industries located in the Space Coast region of Florida. It is found that strategic agility decreases as firms grow older but not as firms grow larger. Strategic agility and firm performance are also found to be related as moderated by environmental turbulence. Specifically, performance increases with strategic agility in high turbulence but decreases with strategic agility in low turbulence. This finding is consistent with the view that dynamic capabilities like strategic agility bear a cost which may be unnecessary in stable environments. Overall, the study suggests that SMEs may benefit from strategic agility if it used while they still have it, that is, when they are young.
The Affordable Care Act Increased Medicaid Coverage Among Former Foster Youth.

Youth aging out of the foster care system in the US are a vulnerable population. When in foster care, youth are eligible for their state’s Medicaid program, but they lose eligibility when they age ...
Assays of axonemal dynein-driven motility.

Publisher Summary This chapter examines microscopic assays of axonemal dynein function and illustrates novel observations derived from these assays. Two general types of functional motility assays—namely, (1) video microscopic analysis of ATP-induced microtubule sliding in protease-treated, isolated axonemes and (2) in vitro microtubule translocation assay are described each of which makes use of dark-field light microscopy, to directly observe active microtubule sliding in isolated axonemes. The chapter also describes microscopic setup, step-by-step procedures for each experimental approach, and data derived from these techniques. The key elements of dark-field microscopy include an intense light source, a dark-field oil immersion condenser with high numerical aperture, a high-quality 40x objective lens, and a sensitive video camera mounted on a trinocular head. An upright microscope is used for experiments, which require perfusion of samples in perfusion chambers. The inverted microscope is used for most other experiments. The sample is contained in a simple perfusion chamber constructed from a glass slide and coverslip separated by two parallel strips of double-sided tape.
Serum Triglyceride Composition is Affected Qualitatively and Quantitatively by Interactions of Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate

Elevated circulating triglyceride (cTG) levels are an established risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease. cTG populations respond to diet and reflect physiological status, but specific linkages with many clinically-relevant dietary factors remain unclear and/or controversial. We examined –and partially resolved - several controversial links between dietary fats/carbohydrates and cTGs using a healthy, non-obese rat model to eliminate influence of disease. Rats were fed one of 20 isocaloric, low-fat diets containing primarily saturated [SFA], monounsaturated [MUFA], trans [TFA], or polyunsaturated (34:1 or 6:1 ω3/ω6) fat, each combined with starch/sucrose in four glucose:fructose ratios. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics profiling method enabled identification of 115 distinct cTGs. TFA-based diets increased cTG levels; MUFA-based diets were associated with low cTG levels in a low-fructose context, but high cTG levels in a high-fructose context, showing unexpected carbohydrate/fat interaction....
The Ties that Bind : Essays in Medieval British History in Honor of Barbara Hanawalt

Contents: Introduction, Linda E. Mitchell, Katherine L. French, and Douglas L. Biggs The alien clothworkers of London, 1337-1381, Jonathan Good The bonds of trade: the port of Southampton and the merchants of Winchester and Salisbury, Susan Duxbury The mayor's body, Benjamin R. McRee What is a nice (13th century) English woman doing in the king's courts?, Janet Loengard Even money that your bishop has come and gone: episcopal appointments and translations in 14th- and 15th-century England, Joel Rosenthal Identifying chaste widows: documenting a religious vocation, Susan Steuer The anonymous heroine: Aelred of Rievaulx's Rule for his sister, Laura Michele Diener Maud Marshal and Margaret Marshal: two viragos extraordinaire, Linda E. Mitchell Patronage, preference and survival: the life of Lady Margaret Sarnesfield, c.1381-c.1444, Douglas L. Biggs Margery Kempe and the parish, Katherine L. French The Berenger family's experience of the Peasants' Revolt, Anne Reiber DeWindt Unbounded affection: the complex intimacies of 'simple' peasants after the Black Death, Madonna J. Hettinger Index.
Inhibition of the mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide: evidence for a specific transport pathway

Abstract Electrophoretic uniport of anions through the inner mitochondrial membrane can be activated by alkaline pH or by depleting the matrix of divalent cations. It has also been suggested that, in the presence of valinomycin and potassium, respiration can also activate anion uniport. We have proposed that a single pathway is responsible for all three of these transport processes (Garlid, K. D., and Beavis, A. D. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 853, 187-204). We now present evidence that like the "pH-dependent" pore the divalent cation-regulated pore and the "respiration-induced" pore are blocked by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Moreover, the kinetics of inhibition of the latter two pathways are identical and exhibit a second order rate constant of 2.6 X 10(-3) (nmol DCCD/mg)-1.min-1. DCCD inhibits the uniport of Cl-, phosphate, malate, and other lipophobic anions completely, but it has no effect on the classical electroneutral phosphate and dicarboxylate carriers. In Mg2+-depleted mitochondria DCCD partially inhibits the transport of SCN-; however, in Mg2+-containing mitochondria and at low pH, no inhibition is observed. Furthermore, in DCCD-treated mitochondria, even following depletion of Mg2+, the transport of SCN- is independent of pH. These results lead us to conclude that two pathways for anion uniport exist: a specific, regulated pathway which can conduct a wide variety of anions and a nonregulated pathway through the lipid bilayer which only conducts lipid-soluble ions.
Evolution of Mutualistic Endophytes from Plant Pathogens

The continuum of symbiotic interactions includes those that cause disease (antagonism) and others that enhance the survival and fitness of the hosts (beneficial symbiosis and mutualism). In this chapter we explore this symbiotic continuum as it applies to interactions of grasses with members of the ascomycete family, Clavicipitaceae, which includes both pathogens and mutualists. Mutualistic endophytes benefit their hosts by protecting against herbivores and abiotic stresses, and are probably important for the long-term survival of certain grass species.
Labor Standards and Trade Agreements

There is a wide disparity of views on issues of international labor standards. Labor and social activists are concerned about the increased imports from countries in which labor standards are ostensibly not enforced at a sufficiently high level. They fear that these imports will be detrimental to wages and employment conditions in the industrialized importing countries and that workers in the developing countries will be exploited, their wages suppressed, and that they will be subjected to abusive work conditions. This paper explores these different views and the available options for addressing the issues involved. The paper begins with the definition and scope of labor standards and then turns to theoretical aspects of the economic effects of labor standards and a summarizes the empirical evidence on the effects on wages, trade, and foreign direct investment, and the role of interest groups. Global, regional, national/unilateral, and other arrangements for the monitoring and enforcement of labor standards are discussed and implications for policy presented
Multi-class posterior atlas formation via unbiased Kullback-Leibler template estimation

Many medical image analysis problems that involve multi-modal images lend themselves to solutions that involve class posterior density function images. This paper presents a method for large deformation exemplar class posterior density template estimation. This method generates a representative anatomical template from an arbitrary number of topologically similar multi-modal image sets using large deformation minimum Kullback-Leibler divergence registration. The template that we generate is the class posterior that requires the least amount of deformation energy to be transformed into every class posterior density (each characterizing a multi-modal image set). This method is computationally practical; computation times grows linearly with the number of image sets. Template estimation results are presented for a set of five 3D class posterior images representing structures of the human brain.
A modal Herbrand theorem

We state and prove a modal Herbrand theorem that is, we believe, a more natural analog of the classical version than has appeared before. The statement itself requires the enlargement of the usual machinery of first-order modal logic—we use the device of predicate abstraction, something that has been considered elsewhere as well. This expands the expressive power of modal logic in a natural way. Our proof of the modal version of Herbrand's theorem uses a tableau system that takes predicate abstraction into account. It is somewhat simpler than other systems for the same purpose that have previously appeared. (I want to thank a referee for pointing out a serious error in an earlier version of this paper and for being generally uncompromising.)
Improving contact classification by incorporating an estimate of aspect from track state

This paper presents a method for using information from tracking to improve the results of contact classification. An Extended Kalman Filter is used to predict the target's state (position and velocity) at the current time. The predicted state is used to estimate the target's aspect and heading. The estimate is used in tandem with aspect-dependent features (Doppler and target strength) to classify contacts as targets or clutter. Results on three simulated datasets show that using the velocity estimate and the covariance from the track state results in increased classification accuracy.
Origin and Sequence of Chromosome Replication in Escherichia coli B/r

The initial rates of induced synthesis of tryptophanase, beta-galactosidase, and d-serine deaminase were measured in relation to the chromosome replication cycle of Escherichia coli B/r. Exponentially growing cultures were exposed briefly to (14)C-thymidine or the appropriate inducers (or both), and the amount of label or enzyme (or both) in cells of different ages was found by measuring these quantities in their progeny. The rates of induced synthesis of the three enzymes increased abruptly at about 4, 20, and 34 min, respectively, after the start of a round of replication lasting 40 min. By matching this sequence to the ind, lac, and Dsd loci on the genetic map of E. coli K-12, it was estimated that replication began at about 8 o'clock (60 min) and proceeded clockwise. In rapidly growing cells, the sequence during the division cycle was consistent with the concept that rounds of replication overlapped.
Intracranial fat migration: A newly described complication of autologous fat repair of a cerebrospinal fluid leak following supracerebellar infratentorial approach.

Introduction Intracranial fat migration following autologous fat graft and placement of a lumbar drain for cerebrospinal fluid leak after pineal cyst resection surgery has not been previously reported.
Condorcet Completion Methods that Inhibit Manipulation through Exploiting Knowledge of Electorate Preferences

This paper attacks a problem like the one addressed in an earlier work (Potthoff, 2013) but is more mathematical. The setting is one where an election is to choose a single winner from m (> 2) candidates, it is postulated that voters have knowledge of the preference profile of the electorate, and preference cycles are limited. Both papers devise voting systems whose two key goals are to select a Condorcet winner (if one exists) and to resist manipulation. These systems entail equilibrium strategies where everyone votes sincerely, no group of voters sharing the same preference ordering can gain by deviating given that no one else deviates, and the Condorcet candidate wins. The present paper uses two unusual ballot types. One asks voters to rank the candidates with respect both to their own preferences and to their discerned order of preference of the entire electorate. The other just asks voters for their own preference ranks plus approval votes. Novel mathematical elements distinguish this paper. Its Condorcet completion methods examine all candidate triples, sometimes analyze loop(s) of some of those triples, and order candidates in a set by first determining the last-place candidate. Its non-manipulability proofs involve mathematical induction on m.
Pigmented spindle cell naevus and its variants: distinction from melanoma.

SUMMARY We report seven examples of pigmented spindle cell naevus (PSCN) and variants, emphasizing their histopathologic differentiation from malignant melanoma (CMM). Confusion with CMM may occur because of upward migration (pagetoid spread) of cells, prominent lateral extension of lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia, and cytological atypia in spindle cell naevi. However, these proliferations are usually associated with a symmetrical and orderly growth pattern, confinement of the pagetoid spread to the lower epidermis,‘maturation’of the dermal component, and lack of marked cytological atypia.
Natural Frequency Analysis of Liquid-Filled Tanks

Traditionally, the cantilever modal shape of liquid-filled tanks has been considered as the most critical mode. However, recent research has demonstrated that natural frequencies associated with some circumferential modes might be close to the frequency of earthquake excitation. This can lead to a resonance phenomenon, and consequently failure of the tanks. In this paper, we perform Natural Frequency Analysis of fluid-filled tanks, using finite element analysis. Modeling and solution employ ADINA potential-based flow elements, which require the assumption of inviscid, irrotational and incompressible flow. The problem is solved for different geometries and water levels of tanks; the results are compared with the current results in the literature and the difference is demonstrated.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Methods for maximizing good effects of foster care: evidence-based strategies to prevent discontinuities of foster care and raise IQ

What can psychoanalysts do to prevent transmission of trauma? One way is to improve the lot of children whose fate is in the hands of society, particularly those in foster care. The repetition compulsion is a psychoanalytic hypothesis which predicts that foster children carry within them behavioral memories of being rejected, neglected, or harmed by their families of origin. Children's enactments of these memories dispose their foster families to recreate the events, reject the troubled children, and produce further traumatic discontinuities of care. This psychoanalytic concept can be operationalized within social service systems. An aspect of repetition compulsion of foster children is measurable by tracking the number of transfers between foster homes. The phenomenon can be substantially reduced by focused psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy of the children and their caregivers (Kliman, 1996). Remarkably, there is statistically significant evidence that children's IQ are enhanced by a certain form of intensive psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the preschool years (Kliman, 1968, 1970, 1997; Zelman and Samuels, 1996; Hope, 1999). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal distinction between two non-orthogonal quantum states

Abstract Two procedures are developed for classifying an individual system as | p > or | q >, non-orthogonal, given an ensemble with respective proportions r and 1— r . One (generalizing Ivanovic, Dieks, and Peres) infallibly classifies some systems, leaving others unclassified. The second is statistically optimum, allowing individual errors.
Biogeography and Genetic Diversity of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) from Sahelian Africa

Sahelian Africa makes up the native range of pearl millet and the impact of domestication on the genetic diversity of wild, intermediate, and cultivated subspecies is still poorly understood. Wild populations are known to spontaneously germinate throughout this range and hybridize with cultivated material. To investigate genetic structure, populations of pearl millet from several African countries were analyzed at the morphological and molecular levels for diversity. Results demonstrate how little differentiation there is between subspecies and populations. It appears that pearl millet throughout the Sahel remains a metapopulation with large hybrid zones. These results have important implications for conservation of pearl millet.
The importance of cultural and linguistic issues in the emergency care of children.

BACKGROUND: Rapid growth in the diversity of the US population makes it increasingly likely that emergency clinicians will encounter greater numbers of patients from different cultures, but little is known about the importance of culture and language in the emergency care of children. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a critical review and synthesis of published studies on culture and language in the emergency care of children. METHODS: PubMed was used to perform a literature search (using 17 search terms) of all articles on culture, language, and the emergency care of children published in English or Spanish from 1966 to 1999. RESULTS: More than 2000 citations initially were identified; consensus review yielded 400 papers that were photocopied. A final database of 117 articles revealed the following: certain normative cultural values, such as the Navajo hozhooji (the importance of thinking and speaking positively), can have profound effects on informed consent and discussions of medical risk. For limited English proficient children and their families, studies document that medical interpreters frequently are not used, there is a lack of trained interpreters, there are more access barriers, and those who need but do not get interpreters have poor understanding of their diagnosis and treatment. Numerous folk illnesses, such as among Latinos, can affect care, because symptoms often overlap with important biomedical conditions, the first clinical contact may be with folk healers, and certain folk remedies are harmful or even fatal. Certain parent beliefs and practices can result in serious morbidity and fatalities (from lead poisoning, liver failure, and other causes), costly or unnecessary medical evaluations (eg, Fenugreek teas), and clinical findings easily confused with child abuse (eg, coining). Biased provider attitudes and practices can have profound clinical consequences, including ethnic disparities in prescriptions, analgesia, test ordering, sexual history taking, asthma care quality, and diagnostic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Failure to appreciate the importance of culture and language in pediatric emergencies can result in multiple adverse consequences, including difficulties with informed consent, miscommunication, inadequate understanding of diagnoses and treatment by families, dissatisfaction with care, preventable morbidity and mortality, unnecessary child abuse evaluations, lower quality of care, clinician bias, and ethnic disparities in prescriptions, analgesia, test ordering, and diagnostic evaluations. Language: en
Inter-annual variability in carbon dioxide exchange of an oak/grass savanna and open grassland in California

To understand the dynamics of ecosystem carbon cycling, CO2 fluxes were measured over and under an oak‐grass savanna and over a proximate grassland in California. The measurements were made from 2000 to 2006 using the eddy covariance technique. Annual net carbon exchange (NEE) ranged from � 155 to � 56 gC m � 2 year � 1 and from � 88 to 141 gC m � 2 year � 1 at the savanna and nearby grassland, respectively. Inter-annual variability in NEE was significantly related to length of growing season for the savanna, grassland, and tree canopy. We partitioned the NEE into two separate terms—primary productivity (GPP) and respiration (ecosystem respiration, Reco)—and found that the GPP and Reco of the savanna and grassland depended primarily on the amount of seasonal precipitation that occurred while grass and tree canopies were simultaneously active rather than depending on annual precipitation. We also found that NEE was greatly constrained by both Reco and GPP and Recowas significantly constrained by GPP. Reco increased by 79 gC m � 2 year � 1 with each 100 gC m � 2 year � 1 increase in GPP. In addition, measuring CO2 exchange separately in the overstory and understory of the savanna over multiple years enabled us to partition Reco into heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration terms in a new and direct way. The sensitivity of Reco to GPP (dReco/dGPP) and the baseline of respiration terms both provide useful tools for understanding the dynamics of ecosystem CO2 uptake under current conditions of climate and ecosystem succession stage. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Techniques for Exploiting the Sparsity or the Network Admittance Matrix

This paper describes some computer programing techniques for taking advantage of the sparsity of the admittance matrix. The techniques are based on two main ideas; (1) determination of a sequence of operations. which results in a near minimum of memory and computing, (2) preservation of these operations for repetition. Use of these techniques makes it possible to obtain significant reductions in memory and processing time for many network analysis programs. Claims are substantiated by actual results.
Postcommissural fornix: Origin and distribution in the rodent

Abstract In the rodent, the postcommissural fornix takes its origin from specific portions of the hippocampal formation. Postcommissural fibers destined to terminate in the mamillary body arise from the subiculum while the fibers destined for the anterior thalamus arise from the presubiculum-parasubiculum complex.
Excitation of the oxygen isoelectronic sequence by electron impact

Abstract Generalized oscillator strengths and integrated cross sections from threshold to 5 keV are calculated in the Born approximation for the electron impact excitation of the resonance transition, 2p-3s, in the oxygen isoelectronic sequence.
DENTIN-SPECIFIC PROTEINS IN MDPC-23 CELL LINE

Only four established odontoblast-like cell lines have been reported in the literature (1–6). Of the four, only two synthesize dentin-specific proteins. These studies report that the cell line MO6-G3 synthesizes phosphophoryn (DPP), dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), while MDPC-23 synthesizes DSP, but not DMP-1. The objective of the present study was to determine whether polyclonal antibodies to rat DSP and DPP would label odontoblasts on microscopic sections of day-19 fetal mouse incisor odontoblasts as well as cultured cells of the MDPC-23 cell line. The spontaneously immortalized MDPC-23 cell line was derived from fetal mouse molar papillae, made continuous by the 3T6 method and cloned by dilution. These cultures have been passaged 77 times after cloning, form multilayered nodules, and have high alkaline phosphatase activity. The data show positive reactivity in odontoblasts in 19-d mouse fetal incisors as well as in cultures of MDPC-23 cells by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. In addition, these cultures were characterized by phase microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These findings suggest that MDPC-23 cells are of the odontoblast lineage.
Role of nucleotide excision repair and photoreactivation in the solar UVB radiation survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a.

Aims: To assess the role of DNA repair and photoreactivation in the solar radiation survival of the plant pathogen and leaf surface epiphyte Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). Methods and Results: Mutants of Pss B728a, with insertional mutations within the nucleotide excision repair gene uvrA, photolyase gene phr, or uvrA phr double mutants, were constructed to examine the importance of individual repair mechanisms in solar UV radiation (UVR) survival. The survival of either the uvrA mutant or the phr mutant was reduced by approx. 102-fold following exposure to a dose of 4·5 kJ m−2 solar UVB (290–320 nm wavelengths) while the uvrA phr double mutant was reduced >106-fold by the same dose. We constructed a transcriptional fusion between the Pss recA promoter and gfp to examine the induction of the SOS response in wild-type and mutant strains. Initiation of the recA mediated SOS response was more rapid and peaked at higher levels in mutant strains suggesting both increased DNA damage in mutant strains and also that photoreactivation and nucleotide excision repair remove DNA damage as it is incurred which is reflected in a delay of recA expression. Visualization of expression of B728a cells containing the recA::gfp reporter on UVB-irradiated bean leaves highlighted the movement of cells to intercellular spaces over time and that SOS induction was detectable when leaves were irradiated 48 h following leaf inoculation. Conclusions: This study indicated that solar UVB is detrimental to Pss B728a, DNA repair mechanisms play an important role in strain survival and expression of the SOS regulon on leaf surfaces contributes to survival of UVR-exposed cells during plant colonization. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work links previous laboratory-based UVR analyses with solar UVB dose-response analyses and highlights the role of photoreactivation in delaying induction of the SOS response following solar irradiation. Knowledge of population dynamics following direct solar irradiation will enhance our understanding of the biology of Pss in the phyllosphere.
Infrared crystallography: Structural refinement through spectroscopy

A method for determining the orientation of individual bonds within complex macromolecules from polarized IR measurements on oriented single crystals is described. At present, X-ray diffraction is the principal technique used to define the global structure and orientation of macromolecules in the crystalline state. However, resolution limitations and conformational disorder limit the accuracy of the resulting structural model. A quantitative understanding of protein function often requires a more precise description of structural features at a localized active site. Polarized IR measurements of internal stretching bands of N-3, CN-, OCN-, and SCN-bound at the ferric heme iron of single crystals of myoglobin are presented. A synthesis of such measurements on different crystal forms leads to an N3-orientation consistent with IR measurements on both P21 and P 21 21 21 crystals, but significantly different from the orientation reported in X-ray crystal structures. Subtle structural changes between these two crystal forms of the CN- complex may account for small differences in the stretching frequency and orientation of the C-N bond.
Proteins, non-structural carbohydrates and organic acids in the flowers of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)

Abstract The concentration of soluble proteins in open flowers of sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) was about 35% of the protein content found in green leaves, while ovary and stigma, with attached style, contained up to 85%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicates that flowers and leaves contained ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). At least 12 polypeptides, ranging from 22 to 100 kDa, were more distinct in flowers than in leaves. The polypeptide band at about 100 kDa in the flower extract suggests the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) in citrus flowers. Activity of Rubisco and PEPCase, expressed in μmol g tissue fresh weight −1 hr −1 , averaged 14.2 and 64.6 for intact open flowers, and 547.9 and 63.3 for the leaves, respectively. Starch and reducing sugars were 1.2- and 8.4-fold higher, respectively, and dark respiration rates were about five-fold greater for open flowers than fully expanded, sun leaves. Quinic and malic acids made up about 96% of the organic acids found in flowers and leaves. Ascorbic, citric, fumaric, and shikimic acids were in small or trace amounts. The large accumulation of starch and soluble sugars, in addition to the presence and activity of Rubisco and PEPCase, indicates that the flowers of sweet orange would have some capability to perform photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation, the metabolites of which might play some important role in flower development and fruit setting.
Cognition, Behavior, and Development in Joubert Syndrome

This article reports on a series of studies of children with Joubert syndrome who were examined in three investigations from 1994 through 1998. Neuropsychologic screening of 10 of 40 children showed a variety of deficits in cognition, verbal memory, visuomotor, motor, and language-related tasks. Parent report of developmental attainments revealed only 3 of 40 children functioning in the borderline range, with the rest scoring in the severely impaired range. Parent reports of behaviors revealed problems in temperament, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and dependency, as well as problems in physical development and care that were felt to be related to their neurologic handicaps. Future directions of research with this rare disorder are suggested.
The relationship of dental cements, pins, and retention

D I. ms, which are retained by the elasticity of dentin, may traumatize the tooth into which they are placed.‘, ” Although cemented pins have a smaller potential for causing trauma, they also have a lower retentive capacity.“, 5 The authors have recently reported some inherent effects of cement type and thickness upon retention of threaded pins.” The foregoing’ work considered only one threaded pin design. These pins were installed into precise channels prepared with a drill press. This led to a consideration of clinically oriented techniques to determine the optimal retention of cemented pins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactions among various pin types, cement types, and channel sizes to determine the most retentive combinations.
Freedom and Constraint in Caribbean Migration and Diaspora

Freedom and Constraint in Caribbean Migration and Diaspora Edited by Elizabeth Thomas-Hope Kingston, Ian Randle, 2009 430 pp., ISBN: 978-9766373511 (£18.95 paperback) This collection of more than t...
Multichannel treatment of penning ionization in He* (1s2s, 3S) + ar with discretization of the electronic continuum

Within the context of a discretization of the electronic continuum, multichannel calculations of Penning ionization of Ar by He* (1s2s, 3S) are presented for several partial waves and collision energies. They verify the validity of approximating the full matrix scattering equation by a set of two-state equations. In this decoupling approximation, theoretical Penning electron energy distributions and integral cross sections are obtained and found to compare favorably with experiments at thermal energies.
On clustering problems with connected optima in Euclidean spaces

Abstract Let X be a finite subset of a Euclidean space, and ρ be a real function defined on the pairs of points of X , expressing the “unsimilarity” of points. The problem is to find a partition P 1 ,..., P p of X into p groups which maximizes the sum of unsimilarities of all those pairs of points which do not belong to the same group. It is shown here that for some typical unsimilarities ρ, there exists an optimal partition such that the intersection of P j with the convex hull of P i is empty for all i j . In particular, it is shown that if X is on a sphere then the convex hulls of the groups of an optimal partition are pairwise disjoint.
Changing Views of the Biomechanics of Vulnerable Plaque Rupture: A Review

This review examines changing perspectives on the biomechanics of vulnerable plaque rupture over the past 25 years from the first finite element analyses (FEA) showing that the presence of a lipid pool significantly increases the local tissue stress in the atheroma cap to the latest imaging and 3D FEA studies revealing numerous microcalcifications in the cap proper and a new paradigm for cap rupture. The first part of the review summarizes studies describing the role of the fibrous cap thickness, tissue properties, and lesion geometry as main determinants of the risk of rupture. Advantages and limitations of current imaging technologies for assessment of vulnerable plaques are also discussed. However, the basic paradoxes as to why ruptures frequently did not coincide with location of PCS and why caps >65 μm thickness could rupture at tissue stresses significantly below the 300 kPa critical threshold still remained unresolved. The second part of the review describes recent studies in the role of microcalcifications, their origin, shape, and clustering in explaining these unresolved issues including the actual mechanism of rupture due to the explosive growth of tiny voids (cavitation) in local regions of high stress concentration between closely spaced microinclusions oriented along their tensile axis.
Measurements of the W and Z Production Cross Sections Times the Leptonic Branching Ratios at the Fermilab Tevatron

We report measurements of inclusive cross sections times branching ratios in electrons, muons or taus for W and Z bosons produced in $p{\bar p}$ collisions at 1.96 TeV using data collected with the DO and CDF detectors in 2002-2004. Using the ratio of the cross sections times branching ratios for the W and Z bosons we also obtain constraints on the total decay width of the W boson.
The role of opioids in newborn pig fluid percussion brain injury

The present study was designed to characterize the relationship between cerebral opioid concentration, cerebral hemodynamics, and cerebral oxygenation following percussion brain injury in neonatal pigs. Previous research found that opioids represent a significant vasoactive component in the regulation of the neonatal piglet cerebral circulation. Anesthesized newborn (1–5 days old) pigs equipped with a closed cranial window were connected to a percussion device consisting of a saline-filled cylindrical reservoir with a metal pendulum. Brain injury of moderate severity (1.9–2.3 atm.) was produced by allowing the pendulum to strike a piston on the cylinder. Fluid percussion brain injury decreased pial arteriolar diameter (132 ± 5 to 110 ± 5 μm within 10 min). Cerebral blood flow also fell within 10 min of injury and continued to fall progressively for 3 h, resulting in a 46 ± 4% decrease. Within 30 s of brain injury, there was a transient increase in cerebral hemoglobin-O2 saturation that was reversed to a progressive profound decrease in cerebral hemoglobin-O2 saturation for the next 3 h, as measured by near infrared spectroscopy. CSF opioid concentrations were increased 10 min after brain injury; dynorphin showed the largest proportional increase (5.8 ± 0.9 fold). The CSF concentration for other opioids continued to increase over 180 min while the dynorphin concentration progressively decreased with time. In naloxone (1 mg/kg i.v.) pretreated piglets, the brain injury induced decrease in arteriolar diameter was attenuated (129 ± 5 to 121 ± 5 μm within 10 min). Similarly, the decrease in regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral hemoglobin-O2 saturation observed following brain injury were also blunted by naloxone. These data show that CSF opioid concentrations increase following brain injury and that the time course and relative increase in CSF concentration vary from opioid to opioid. These data also indicate that in the immature animal, opioids contribute to arteriolar constriction, decreased cerebral blood flow, decreased cerebral oxygenation, and could play a role in causing ischemia after brain injury.