cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3152: RhoA-myosinII axis protects circulating tumor cells from fluid shear stress-induced damage

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are exposed to hemodynamic forces, which have long been thought to be mechanically destructive to CTCs. However, recent studies show that cancer cell lines from diverse histologies exhibit resistance to brief (millisecond) pulses of high-level (750-6400 dyn/cm 2 ) fluid shear stress (FSS), whereas nontransformed epithelial cells are sensitive to this mechanical insult (PMID: 23226552, 26447202). Moreover, exposure of cancer cells to FSS results in cortical stiffening (PMID: 25908902). Herein, we elucidate the mechanism of FSS resistance in cancer cells, and extend these findings to experimental models of CTCs. We show that although some cancer cell lines exhibit elevated levels of membrane repair relative to nontransformed counterparts, intrinsic resistance to plasma membrane damage is a more consistent feature distinguishing cancer cells. FSS resistance is detectable in cancer cells acutely isolated from primary mouse TP53/PTEN mutant prostate tumors, not just a feature of cultured cancer cell lines. Our findings indicate that cancer cells respond to FSS by activation of RhoA-myosinII contractility, which protects them from nanometer-scale damage to the plasma membrane. Moreover, we present evidence that the RhoA myosinII axis protects CTCs from mechanical damage in animal models. Treatment of PC-3 cancer cells with a nontoxic dose of the myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin (20μM; 3h) reduced the number of intact cells arrested in the lung microvasculature immediately following tail vein injection. Additionally, treatment of mice bearing orthotopically implanted, metastatic PC-3 derived prostate tumors with blebbistatin (2.5mg/kg; 3h) acutely reduced steady-state CTC levels by approximately 10-fold. Taken together, our data indicate that viable CTCs actively resist destruction by hemodynamic forces and are likely to be more mechanically robust than is commonly thought. Citation Format: Devon L. Moose, Ben L. Krog, Gretchen Burke, Lei Zhao, Lillian Rhodes, Michael D. Henry. RhoA-myosinII axis protects circulating tumor cells from fluid shear stress-induced damage [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3152.
Boreal Foraging Strategies

In 1974–1976, in the book Zoonomia or the Laws of Organic Life, Erasmus Darwin (1794) speculated that modification of species was brought about through the satisfaction of three wants. He identified them with admirable directness as “lust, hunger, and danger.” In the more prosaic but parallel terminology of contemporary evolutionary ecology these have become mating, foraging and the avoidance of predators (and I would add hazards). The list is still meant to be inclusive, and to represent separable arenas of adaptive or fitness-enhancing behavior, each subject to somewhat different types of investigation. Other chapters in this volume cover the mating and demographic systems and the responses to climate, physical hazards, and the dangers from predation of native peoples living in the boreal forest of northern Ontario. Adjustments by residents to the effective environment of this region are described and analyzed as adaptations. In this chapter I add an analysis relevant to E. Darwin’s second category, hunger. In language more appropriate to the time, it is a study of foraging behavior.
Abstract LB-328: Influence of radiation on the evolution of orthotopic xenografts initiated from glioblastoma stem-like cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary adult brain cancer with a median survival of 15 months despite treatment with surgical resection followed by chemo-radiotherapy. By examining changes that occur following irradiation of brain tumor xenografts initiated from glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), this study seeks to better understand the impact of radiotherapy on GBM evolution. Therefore, we intracranially implanted CD133+ NSC11 cells, a well-documented GSC line, into nude mice. After 21 days, bioluminescence imaging was performed to confirm the presence of tumor prior to randomization into control and radiation therapy groups (3x5Gy). Following treatment, brain samples were collected at various time points out to morbidity to investigate changes in tumor morphology and histology. Further, tumors from morbid mice (control and 3x5Gy) were collected for viral integration site analysis (VISA). Initial survival analysis demonstrated a significant survival advantage for mice undergoing radiation therapy (+34.2 days) compared to controls. On gross examination of morphology at morbidity, brains bearing irradiated tumors contained tumor tissue that was softer, more adherent to the skull, and more likely to efface olfactory bulb(s) than control tumor brains. HE 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-328.
Infection prevention and enhanced recovery after surgery: A partnership for implementation of an evidence-based bundle to reduce colorectal surgical site infections

To reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) in colorectal surgeries we introduced a bundle of care elements in partnership with the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) multidisciplinary team. We measured the incidence of National Healthcare Safety Network-defined SSIs, along with adherence to bundle care elements. Despite opportunities for improvement in adherence to some key components, implementation of the ERAS protocol may have facilitated a reduction in the rate of colorectal SSIs at our institution.
Trends and Challenges for the Clinical Adoption of Fluorescence-Guided Surgery

See the associated article on page [758][1]. Optical imaging with the unassisted eye, along with palpation, are the primary guides for surgical oncologists. Together with the subjective judgments of the surgeon, these sensory cues will continue to serve as the mainstay for tumor resection
Optical Characterization of Single Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Nanopillars

We characterize the optical and spin properties of tin-vacancy centers isolated in diamond nanopillars. We measure spectrometer-limited linewidths < 15 GHz, a strong polarization dependence of the emission, and Zeeman splitting behavior consistent with previous theoretical predictions. © 2019 The Author(s)
Approximation Algorithm for the Broadcast Time in k-Path Graph

Broadcasting is an information dissemination problem in a connected network in which one node, called the originator, must distribute a message to all other nodes by placing a series of calls along...
A semi-Lagrangian constitutive correspondence framework for peridynamics

Abstract Lagrangian formulations, in which material models are established upon a mapping from a deformed domain back to an undeformed reference configuration, have traditionally been employed in most previous developments of the peridynamic theory. In this paper, a semi-Lagrangian constitutive framework for peridynamics is proposed, in which peridynamic material point interactions depend only on their current properties (e.g. position and stress values) in the deformed configuration. A nonlocal version of the velocity gradient is proposed to determine the Cauchy stress rate, using local constitutive theories, as an intermediate quantity in computing peridynamic bond forces. It is shown that a pure state-based peridynamic approach would involve material instabilities. A bond-associated formulation is presented to benefit from both bond-based and state-based views, resulting in an enhanced stability. A bond-associated, correspondence damage modeling is introduced to incorporate classical failure criteria in a convenient way. The proposed framework opens up new pathways in modeling extreme events, where excessive material deformation and damage make the Lagrangian formulation unsuitable. Capabilities of the new theory is showcased in a handful of illustrative scenarios.
Impact of school location on children’s air pollution exposure

The role of school location in children’s air pollution exposure and ability to actively commute is a growing policy issue. Well-documented health impacts associated with near-roadway exposures hav...
Force–displacement characteristics of circular-shaped massless elastica

The deformation of circular-shaped elasticas, subjected to unilateral constraints due to ground contact, is studied under vertical loading. For C-shaped elasticas, we consider the cases where the elastica rolls without slipping due to the presence of friction and rolls while slipping due to lack of friction. The elastica behaves as a hardening spring in the absence of friction; in the presence of friction, it behaves as a softening or hardening spring depending on boundary conditions. For O-shaped elasticas, we consider symmetric and asymmetric loadings. Under symmetric loading, the stiffness of the elastica decreases with increase in the load while point contact is maintained; thereafter, the stiffness remains nearly constant while the elastica undergoes large deformation and makes line contact. Similar behavior is observed for a symmetric mass-elastica system. Asymmetric loading is studied by assuming that the initial point of contact of the elastica with the ground is fixed; vertical loading results in both vertical and horizontal motion of the point of loading. For the different statics and dynamics problems considered, the deformed shapes of the elasticas are obtained iteratively using an algorithm that solves a series of two-point boundary value problems.
A Tuning-free Robust and Efficient Approach to High-dimensional Regression

We introduce a novel approach for high-dimensional regression with theoretical guarantees. The new procedure overcomes the challenge of tuning parameter selection of Lasso and possesses several app...
Correlating Bioethics and Theology

In “There’s No Harm in Talking,” McCarthy, Homan, and Rozier (2020) note that in recent years theological bioethicists have not felt the need to translate their insights for a broader pluralistic a...
Abstract IA-10: Overcoming the seven deadly hallmarks of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer remains highly lethal, however recent insights regarding disease pathogenesis coupled with the emergence of new diagnostic methods and therapeutic agents engender a more hopeful outlook. We delineate 7 common characteristics of pancreatic cancer including desmoplastic stroma, dysregulated metabolism, chronic inflammation, undruggable KRAS, early metastasis, diagnostic deficiencies, and rapid deconditioning and posit that these hallmarks are collectively responsible for disease aggressiveness and clinical failure. Finally, we propose a strategic framework to address these challenges and thereby improve patient outcomes. Citation Format: David Tuveson. Overcoming the seven deadly hallmarks of pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-10.
OMAD: On-device Mental Anomaly Detection for Substance and Non-Substance Users

Stay at home order during the COVID-19 helps flatten the curve but ironically, instigate mental health problems among the people who have Substance Use Disorders. Measuring the electrical activity signals in brain using off-the-shelf consumer wearable devices such as smart wristwatch and mapping them in real time to underlying mood, behavioral and emotional changes play striking roles in postulating mental health anomalies. In this work, we propose to implement a wearable, On-device Mental Anomaly Detection (OMAD) system to detect anomalous behaviors and activities that render to mental health problems and help clinicians to design effective intervention strategies. We propose an intrinsic artifact removal model on Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal to better correlate the fine-grained behavioral changes. We design model compression technique on the artifact removal and activity recognition (main) modules. We implement a magnitude-based weight pruning technique both on convolutional neural network and Multilayer Perceptron to employ the inference phase on Nvidia Jetson Nano; one of the tightest resource-constrained devices for wearables. We experimented with three different combinations of feature extractions and artifact removal approaches. We evaluate the performance of OMAD in terms of accuracy, F1 score, memory usage and running time for both unpruned and compressed models using EEG data from both control and treatment (alcoholic) groups for different object recognition tasks. Our artifact removal model and main activity detection model achieved about ≈ 93% and 90% accuracy, respectively with significant reduction in model size (70%) and inference time (31%).
Effects of an Oncology Nurse-Led, Primary Palliative Care Intervention (CONNECT) on Illness Expectations Among Patients With Advanced Cancer.

PURPOSE:Patients with advanced cancer often have unrealistic expectations about prognosis and treatment. This study assessed the effect of an oncology nurse-led primary palliative care intervention...
Habitual use of psychological coping strategies is associated with physiological stress responding during negative memory recollection in humans.

Research has identified a variety of strategies people use to cope with stress and that the adaptiveness of various strategies depends on the context in which they are used. However, important questions remain about the role of physiological stress response systems in supporting, influencing, or changing from coping strategies. The current study works toward addressing this gap by examining associations between skin conductance level (SCL) and habitual use of coping strategies. It was hypothesized that more use of problem-focused strategies would be associated with SCL trajectories that were more stable and decreased less steeply, with the opposite trend hypothesized for more use of emotion-focused strategies. Participants were 188 college students (78% female) who reported their use of fourteen coping strategies. SCL was recorded during recall of a negative family memory from childhood for five minutes. Trajectories of SCL during the recall were estimated with multilevel modeling. Greater self-distraction, planning, active coping, use of emotional support, and coping flexibility were related to trajectories of SCL that decreased less steeply and were more stable. Problem-focused coping and coping flexibility are therefore related to reduced SCL reactivity and promoting these skills may benefit mental health.
Does Democracy Reduce Infant Mortality? Evidence from New Data, for 181 Countries between 1970 and 2009

Which form of government is most responsive to its citizens' needs? This paper focuses on child mortality to investigate the causal link between political regimes and welfare. I use a new data set that includes 181 countries between 1970 and 2008, with no missing observations and less measurement error than has been previously available. While new data suggests that democracies are associated with better health outcomes, it remains unclear whether this is due to a causal effect of regime type on health. I argue that the best way to detect the effects of democracy on child mortality is to investigate whether democratization episodes were followed by significant reductions in child mortality. Child mortality in most countries has declined in the last forty years. My results indicate that democratic transitions accelerate the downward trend in child mortality, especially in low income countries where mortality rates are typically high. Surprisingly, however, I also find that democratic transitions lead to short-term increases in child mortality for middle-income countries. This heterogeneity in the effects of democratic transitions has not been previously documented and calls for further research.
Random-choice replication of extrachromosomal bovine papillomavirus (BPV) molecules in heterogeneous, clonally derived BPV-infected cell lines.

Abstract Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis, we show that three clonally derived cell lines transformed with bovine papillomavirus (BPV), including ID13, the cell line commonly employed for BPV replication studies, are heterogeneous populations having extensive cell-to-cell variation in both the distribution and amount of BPV DNA. Different subclones of ID13 were found to differ in the form and amount of BPV DNA they contain. Most subclones showed no detectable BPV sequences; some contained either extrachromosomal BPV molecules distributed throughout the nucleus or BPV sequences integrated at discrete chromosomal sites, while others contained both integrated and plasmid forms. The results of density gradient analysis of BPV DNA from individual homogeneous subclones showed replication of the extrachromosomal BPV plasmids in a random-choice mode. In all cell lines studied, the presence after one round of chromosomal DNA replication of unreplicated BPV DNA and of BPV DNA having two postreplicative strands was independent of the presence of high-BPV-copy-number ("jackpot") cells. Our results substantiate the earlier conclusion that extrachromosomal BPV molecules replicate randomly and not according to a once-per-cell-cycle mechanism.
Conditional Random Fields for Pattern Recognition Applied to Structured Data

Pattern recognition uses measurements from an input domain, X, to predict their labels from an output domain, Y. Image analysis is one setting where one might want to infer whether a pixel patch contains an object that is “manmade” (such as a building) or “natural” (such as a tree). Suppose the label for a pixel patch is “manmade”; if the label for a nearby pixel patch is then more likely to be “manmade” there is structure in the output domain that can be exploited to improve pattern recognition performance. Modeling P(X) is difficult because features between parts of the model are often correlated. Therefore, conditional random fields (CRFs) model structured data using the conditional distribution P(Y|X = x), without specifying a model for P(X), and are well suited for applications with dependent features. This paper has two parts. First, we overview CRFs and their application to pattern recognition in structured problems. Our primary examples are image analysis applications in which there is dependence among samples (pixel patches) in the output domain. Second, we identify research topics and present numerical examples.
The Cluster SZ -- Mass Correlation

N-body + hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy clusters are used to demonstrate a correlation between galaxy cluster mass and the strength of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect induced by the cluster. The intrinsic scatter in the correlaton is larger than seen in the cluster mass -- X-ray temperature correlation, but smaller than seen in the correlation between mass (or temperature) and X-ray luminosity, as expected. Using the convergence to self-similarity of cluster structure at larger radii, a simple area-averaged SZ value derived from mock SZ maps also correlates well with mass; the intrinsic scatter in this correlation is comparable to that seen in simulations for the mass -- temperature correlation. Such a relation may prove a powerful tool for estimating cluster masses at higher redshifts.
GPS and 3DOF tracking for georeferenced registration of construction graphics in outdoor augmented reality

This paper describes research that investigated the application of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and 3DOF angular tracking to address the registration problem in visualization of construction graphics in outdoor Augmented Reality (AR) environments. AR is the overlaying of virtual images and computer-generated information over scenes of the real world so that the user's resulting view is enhanced or augmented beyond the normal experience. One of the basic issues in AR is the registration problem. Objects in the real world and superimposed virtual objects must be properly aligned with respect to each other, or the illusion that the two coexist in augmented space is compromised. In the presented research, the global position and the 3D orientation of the user's viewpoint (i.e. longitude, latitude, altitude, heading, pitch, and roll) are tracked, and this information is reconciled with the known global position and orientation of superimposed CAD objects. The result is an augmented outdoor environment where superimposed CAD objects stay fixed to their real world locations as the user moves freely on a construction site. The algorithms are implemented in a prototype platform called UM-AR-GPS-ROVER that is capable of interactively placing 3D CAD models at any desired location in an outdoor augmented space.
A suggestion for future research on interface design of an internet-based telemedicine system for the elderly

Telemedicine has emerged as an effective tool for providing high quality healthcare service and health-related information, especially in rural areas. Rural areas often have a larger elderly population with greater rates of preventable disease. These areas also have fewer medical resources and specialists, and have limited access to health services, all of which can influence overall health. An Internet-based telemedicine system can be one solution to provide the rural elderly with the proper health information when needed. The elderly obviously have limited capabilities compared with younger adults in the use of internet technology. However, the interfaces of the currently existing Internet-based telemedicine systems are not specifically developed for elderly users. This paper suggests future interface design research for an Internet-based telemedicine system specifically for the elderly.
Separation and proteolytic mapping of the two [3H]cytochalasin B photoaffinity labeled D-glucose-sensitive proteins in the chicken embryo fibroblast plasma membrane.

Photoaffinity labeling with [3H]cytochalasin B detects two D-glucose-sensitive proteins in the chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) plasma membrane, which accumulate under conditions of glucose starvation and are probably involved in the glucose transport system (Pessin, J.E., et al. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 79, 2286-2290). The two labeled components, designated as peak I (Mr 45,000) and II (Mr 52,000) components, were separated by preparative gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The fractions were digested with S. aureus V8 or papain, and the radioactive products were analyzed by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The peptide maps showed that they have different peptide structures. Peptide maps of authentic actin, a possible contaminant of the peak I fractions, were quite different from those of the peak I component. Rous sarcoma virus-transformed CEF have two components similar as to apparent molecular size and peptide maps to those present in glucose-starved cells. The peak I and II components show minimal affinity to agarose-bound Ricinus communis agglutinin which binds the human erythrocyte glucose transporter quite well. The peak II component was more susceptible to proteolysis than the peak I one or the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. However, the peptide maps of the peak II component were similar to those of the human erythrocyte glucose transporter.
Person marking in the wake of /s/ deletion in Andalusian Spanish

Data on person marking in Andalusian Spanish argue in favor of a revision of the functional hypothesis, which pertains to “the tendency for semantically relevant information to be retained in surface structure” (Kiparsky, 1982:87). The first part of this study shows that subject pronouns in Andalusian are not used to disambiguate verb forms, in direct contrast to Hochberg's (1986) findings on subject pronoun usage in Puerto Rican. In the second part of the study, an analysis of contextual person markers, not undertaken in previous studies, shows that person can be indicated by means outside the surface structure. When both linguistic and contextual person markers are taken into account, only 2% of the 1,035 verbs in this sample of Andalusian are unmarked for person. Person marking is thus maintained where it is important to the speaker's message, but it is not limited to surface structure realization as the strong form of the functional hypothesis suggests.
Ecological Pressure and the Transition From Foraging to Agricultural Lifestyle on the Shire Highlands, Malawi

Floral and faunal assemblages from rockshelter sites have provided data on the transition from a Late Stone Age way of life to an Iron Age way of life on the Shire highlands in southern Malawi. The data have come from the excavation of seven rockshelter sites located in the area. They show that while there were no noticeable changes in the exploitation of wild flora and macrofauna during the Late Stone Age period, exploitation of microfauna and use of domesticated plants by Later Stone Age hunter gatherers became prominent with the arrival of Iron Age agriculturalists in the area. The change appears to have been a direct response to a declining resource base of hunter-gatherers caused by Iron Age subsistence strategies that may have led to a hunter-gatherer dependence on Iron Age agriculturists.
Structuring a tax efficient international operation

Abstract International taxation is rapidly increasing in importance in the U.S. business environment. As a student preparing for a career in public accounting or industry, it is vital that you have familiarity with key international tax issues. In this case, you will participate in a detailed tax-planning exercise involving a multinational corporation that is restructuring its tax operations. In the process, you will be exposed to a wide-ranging array of real-world tax issues: tax theory, source of income, transfer pricing, foreign tax credits, the foreign earned income exclusion and Subpart F income. The case also incorporates questions designed to help you explore the financial accounting implications of tax planning. The case consists of three tax modules and each module emphasizes two to three specific tax issues. Two of the modules also contain a subset of tax-related financial accounting questions. To complete the case successfully, you will be required to understand basic international tax theory, to engage in the tax research process and to apply your theoretical knowledge in analyzing complex business scenarios.
Influence of chronic disease on the presentation of urinary tract infections in the institutionalized elderly

UTIs are a common problem in institutionalized elderly. Due to a variety of reasons, UTIs may present atypically, making diagnosis difficult. Presenting signs and symptoms of UTIs were therefore studied in a 275-bed teaching skilled nursing home. Data from persons with diabetes mellitus and dementia were separately analyzed and compared to those without these two common chronic age-prevalent conditions. There were 144 UTIs in 65 persons (23.4%) over a 6-month period: mean, 2.2 per person (range 1–8). Forty-seven percent of infections presented with fever; 7.6%, GU symptoms; 11.8%, altered mental status; and 42.4%, miscellaneous presentations. Eight percent of UTIs presented with more than one symptom. Although persons with diabetes mellitus and dementia did not differ in their incidence of UTIs, fever and altered mental status were more commonly noted in persons with diabetes mellitus. Fever, however, was the only statistically significant finding (p<0.03). Interestingly, persons with dementia did not differ in their UTI symptomatology as compared to non-demented controls. UTIs are common in institutionalized elderly. Close to half present without any evidence of fever, and over 90% present without any GU symptoms. Any change in condition warrants a high index of suspicion for a UTI.
Inductive link design for miniature implants

Advances in microfabrication have allowed the integration of large numbers of electrodes onto one platform. The small size and high channel density of these microelectrode arrays which promise improved performance of a neural prosthesis also complicate the design of an inductive link to achieve efficient powering and communication with the implant. Stimulating or recording with many channels requires high data rate transmission. At the same time, power must be transmitted to the implanted device without exceeding power dissipation limits within the body. Using conventional design techniques, achieving all of these competing requirements simultaneously can require many time consuming iterations. It is proposed that a transcutaneous power and data link can be optimized to meet system level design parameters (power dissipation, data rate, secondary voltage, etc.) by having an analytic understanding of the interacting link level design parameters (receiver radius, carrier frequency, number of turns, implant location, etc.). We demonstrated this technique with the design of a transcutaneous power and data link for an intracortical visual prosthesis.
Intrusion detection at 100G

Driven by the growing data transfer needs of the scientific community and the standardization of the 100 Gbps Ethernet Specification, 100 Gbps is now becoming a reality for many HPC sites. This tenfold increase in bandwidth creates a number of significant technical challenges. We show that by using the heavy tail flow effect as a filter, it should be possible to perform active IDS analysis at this traffic rate using a cluster of commodity systems driven by a dedicated load balancing mechanism. Additionally, we examine the nature of current network traffic characteristics applying them to 100Gpbs speeds.
Dysphagia after laparoscopic antireflux surgery. The impact of operative technique.

BACKGROUND. Concerns about laparoscopic antireflux surgery include the frequent appearance of troublesome postoperative dysphagia. This study reviews the frequency of early (less than 6 weeks) and persistent (greater than 6 weeks) solid food dysphagia in patients undergoing Toupet, Rosetti-Nissen, or Nissen fundoplications. METHODS. One hundred eighty-four consecutive patients with normal esophageal peristalsis undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery were prospectively studied. Before operation, all patients had endoscopy, 24-hour pH study, and an esophageal motility study. The choice of operation was dependent on anatomy and surgeon preference. Before discharge, all patients were given instructions on a soft diet. Postoperative symptoms were scored by the patients as absent, mild, moderate, or severe 4 weeks and 12 weeks after operation. The option of esophageal dilation was offered to patients with moderate to severe persistent solid food dysphagia. RESULTS. New onset moderate to severe dysphagia to solid foods was present in 30 (54%), 8 (17%), and 13 (16%) patients undergoing Rosetti-Nissen, Nissen, and Toupet fundoplications, respectively, in the first month after operation (p < 0.001). Moderate to severe dysphagia persisted at 3 months in six (11%), one (2%), and two (2%) patients undergoing laparoscopic Rosetti-Hell, Nissen, and Toupet fundoplications, respectively (p < 0.05). Esophageal dilatation was performed in five (4%), zero, and one (1%) patients undergoing laparoscopic Rosetti-Nissen, Nissen, and Toupet fundoplications, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no additional morbidity related to division of short gastric vessels in patients undergoing Nissen fundoplication. CONCLUSIONS. Laparoscopic Rosetti-Nissen fundoplication is associated with a higher rate of early and persistent postoperative dysphagia than either laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication or Toupet fundoplication. Consideration of complete fundus mobilization should be a part of all laparoscopic antireflux procedures.
Dynamics of Lake Michigan Phytoplankton: Mechanisms Controlling Epilimnetic Communities

Lake Michigan epilimnetic algal and particulate organic carbon sedimentation rates, determined from moored and floating sediment traps, and algal loss rates due to crustacean zooplankton grazing, determined from manipulation experiments with natural assemblages, were estimated during 1983 and 1984 field seasons. Sedimentation was the most important algal loss in spring when colonial diatoms and calanoid copepods dominated the plankton. Grazing was the most important loss during summer when phytoflagellates and Daphnia spp. dominated. Comparisons between algal community production and loss due to sedimentation and grazing suggest that natural mortality may be significant, but it does not dominate control. An hypothesis is offered for overall control of phytoplankton dynamics in Lake Michigan.
Forgot your HAT? CBP Might be to Blame

The complexity of long-term memory (LTM) formation is astounding. A simplified version could be described as requiring ordered communication between different brain regions to process multiple modes of external input, activation at discrete synapses on specific cell types, and a tightly regulated program of gene transcription and protein translation, followed by trafficking of certain plasticity-related proteins back to the synaptic site of activation. In light of these many, ordered steps, the relatively rare occurrence of memory failure is a testament to how carefully the brain regulates cognition. Fascination with what might orchestrate the highly complex transcriptional program that supports memory, as well as the hope of identifying new therapeutic targets, has led a number of investigators to epigenetics.
Nonspecificity of Binding of γ-Secretase Modulators to the Amyloid Precursor Protein

Evidence that certain γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) target the 99-residue C-terminal domain (C99) of the amyloid precursor protein, a substrate of γ-secretase, but not the protease complex itself has been presented [Kukar, T. L., et al. (2008) Nature 453, 925−929]. Here, NMR results demonstrate a lack of specific binding of these GSMs to monodisperse C99 in LMPG micelles. In addition, results indicate that C99 was likely to have been aggregated in some of the key experiments of the previous work and that binding of GSMs to these C99 aggregates is also of a nonspecific nature.
Cloud bands in the earth's atmosphere. Observations and theory

It is now well known that parallel cloud bands are widespread in the earth's atmosphere. Observations from manned and unmanned spacecraft and from high-altitude aircraft in connection with soundings from ships and ground stations have shed light on their origin. These and a special investigation of tropical cloudstreets during the BOMEX Project suggest the following typical characteristics of convective cloudstreets: Length = 20 to 500 km; spacing = 2 to 8 km; layer height = 0.8 to 2 km; width-to-height ratio = 2 to 4; wind structure: little change of direction with height; vertical gradient of wind shear (profile curvature) = 10?7 to 10?6 cm?1 sec?1; alignment: along the mean wind of the convective layer. On the theoretical side, linear wind shear is known to favor convective “streeting”. The present theory investigates the effect of the observed profile curvature neglecting linear shear effects. It shows that the curvature itself enforces alignment of ccnvective cells with the flow direction. Inertial forces arising from the vorticity field counteract buoyancy forces. Their ratio as expressed in a modified Froude numer determines the value of the critical Rayleigh number responsible for the onset of convection. In a flowing medium this number is raised, often by several orders of magnitude, over that of a resting medium for all convective modes, except the longitudinal mode. Some three-dimensional computer presentations illustrate these results. A quantitative application of the simplified theory to actual atmospheric conditions is attempted. It indieates that in strong flows heated from below longitudinal rolls may double their amplitude in a matter of 10 minutes while transverse rolls decay at a similar rate with symmetric cells having nearly neutral stability. The relations of this concept to other hypotheses and to the Goertler/Taylor rolls are discussed. Finally it is speculated that the formation of wind streaks on water surfaces may be related to a similar mechanism. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1971.tb00585.x
Synthesis of some graft polymers of uracil

Poly-6-(acryloyloxymethyl)uracil was prepared by radical-catalyzed polymerization of monomeric 6-(acryloyloxymethyl)uracil. The reaction of 6-chloromethyluracil with the potassium salt of polyacrylic acids of molecular weights 5000 and 90,000 gave polymers with both carboxylate groups and 50–70% pendant uraciles. Some inferences concerning the arrangement of uracil groups are drawn from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the latter polymers. No interaction between poly(A) and the synthetic polymers could be observed.
Redescription of Drepanopterus pentlandicus Laurie, 1892, the earliest known mycteropoid (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from the early Silurian (Llandovery) of the Pentland Hills, Scotland

Drepanopterus pentlandicus Laurie, 1892 is redescribed from the original type material along with previously unfigured specimens. A cleft metastoma is confirmed as a character- istic of the genus, along with the armature of the second and third prosomal appendages being modified into flattened blades, while the species is shown to possess a somewhat enlarged second tergite and lateral prosomal margins that overlap the first opisthosomal tergite. Different ontogenetic stages of D. pentlandicus are described, and reveal that these latter characters develop only later in ontogeny, suggesting that described specimens of Drepanopterus abonensis Simpson, 1951 may repre- sent juveniles. Cladistic analysis of Stylonurina shows the genus Drepanopterus to be monophyletic consisting of D. pentlandicus, D. abonensis and D. odontospathus sp. nov.: it forms a basal clade of mycteropoids. Hibbertopteroidea Kjellesvig-Waering, 1959 is shown to be a junior subjective synonym of Mycteropoidea Cope, 1886, with the synonymy of many of the hibbertopterid genera hypothesised and Hibbertopterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1959 suggested to represent juvenile specimens of Cyrtoctenus Stormer & Waterston, 1968. Hibbertopterus permianus Ponomarenko, 1985 is trans- ferred to Campylocephalus Eichwald, 1860. The role of heterochrony in the morphological develop- ment of the mycteropoid lineage is discussed, with both hibbertopterids and mycteropids suggested to be hypertrophic and pre-displacement peramorphs respectively.
Prospects for X-Ray Studies of Supernova Electron Capture Radioactivity

Among the many new nuclei synthesized in supernova explosions are unstable proton-rich isotopes. Many of these decay by electron capture, leaving atomic K-shell electron vacancies. The characteristic X-rays emitted when these vacancies are filled can escape the supernova ejecta for sufficiently long-lived isotopes and can possibly be detected by the current generation of X-ray spectrometers. We discuss several candidate isotopes produced in both core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae. Among the most promising are 55Fe, 44Ti, 59Ni, and 53Mn, which trace various types of explosive silicon burning. These offer the possibility of direct study of individual supernova nucleosynthesis and dynamics, and of the global structure of the Galaxy in multiple stellar populations.
Congenital cystic dysplasia of the rete testis.

Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis (the network of straight seminiferous tubules within the mediastinum testis leading to the efferent ductules) is a rare congenital anomaly. There are only 15 cases reported in the literature to date and only one report of the US findings [1–5]. This report highlights the characteristic appearance of the lesion on ultrasound examination and its association with renal abnormalities in two patients.
Interview with Peter Gallagher of Deloitte Consulting

In our interview with Peter Gallagher, Senior Manager of Deloitte Consulting, we touch on the many developing areas in marketing encompassed by digital content solutions: digital workflows, production and distribution; new developments in magazine publishing; monetizing social media and user-generated content; and key trends in the broadcast arena.
Comparative analysis of cell renewal in the gastrointestinal tract of newborn hamster.

Abstract Comparative rates of cell proliferation in different areas of gastrointestinal tract of newborn hamster were estimated by observing the appearance of repetitive waves of 3 HTdR labeled mitoses. The proliferation of cells was also studied by constructing theoretical models to simulate the appearance in time of the repetitive waves. In each model, the cycle durations of individual cells or groups of cells in the proliferating population, and the fractional contribution of each group to the total population were known. The contributions of the population elements were summated, to indicate descriptive characteristics of the repetitive proliferative cycles. The data indicated more rapid proliferation in small intestine than in stomach and colon, and suggested additional similarities and perturbations in the proliferative cycle of cells in these areas.
The vitamin B6 requirement of the rat as estimated with weight gain and general activity measurements

Abstract The minimal nutritional requirement for a particular substance has been defined traditionally in terms of weight gain and the prevention of deficiency signs. Many nutrients are known to be involved in several specific but different points in metabolic processes, which suggests that nutritional requirements are multiple rather than singular for a particular substance. In the present study, the use of different physiological measurements led to very different estimates of nutritional requirement. The present study employs a “half-change intake” value to estimate the minimal nutritional requirement for vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) as measured by body weight gain and by the general activity of rats. The minimal nutritional requirement for pyridoxine for the rat determined in this manner is 5 μg per day for the weight gain data and 0.8 μg per day for the general activity data. These values compare with the standard NRC figures of 8–15 μg per rat per day, providing evidence for the multiplicity of requirements.
Spectral emissivity by interferometric spectroscopy

Abstract The measurement of infrared spectral emission provides a new and important method for obtaining structural data where ordinary transmission or reflection methods cannot be used. The method involves measuring the spectral emission from a slightly heated sample, where the sample itself is the infrared source. This paper will discuss the utility and important applications of the infrared emission technique in quantitative spectrometric analysis and structure determination as well as the theoretical relationships between emissivity, transmissivity and reflectivity for dielectric films. It will be shown both theoretically and experimentally that undesirable variations in reflectivity are minimized when measuring absorption data by the emission method, rather than by using the transmission technique. A moving-mirror Michelson interferometer spectrometer, which operated between 5 and 45μ, was used for this work.
Draba streptobrachia (Brassicaceae), a new species from Colorado

Draba streptobrachia Price is an alpine species endemic to Colorado, U.S.A. It was treated byHitchcock (1941) asDraba spectabilis var.dasycarpa (Schulz) C. L. Hitchc., but is distinct fromD. spectabilis Greene in morphology, habitat, and chromosome number (g = ca 32 inD. streptobrachia, versusg = 10 and 16 inD. spectabilis) and therefore has been raised to the rank of species. Pollen fertility inD. streptobrachia is at or near zero and anthers consistently fail to dehisce, but fertile seeds are still produced, suggesting that the taxon reproduces by agamospermy.
TNFα and GM-CSF-induced activation of the CAEV promoter is independent of AP-1

Abstract Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus transcription is under the control of the viral promoter within the long terminal repeat. Previous studies with the closely related maedi visna lentivirus have indicated that viral transcription is dependent upon the AP-1 transcription factor. Other studies have indicated a potential role for the cytokines TNFα and GM-CSF in CAEV pathogenesis by increasing viral loads in infected tissues. The hypotheses that AP-1 transcription factors are necessary for transcriptional activation of the CAEV promoter and that CAEV transcriptional activation results from treatment with the cytokines GM-CSF and TNFα were tested with a stably transduced U937 cell line. Here, we found that TNFα and GM-CSF activated CAEV transcription in U937 cells. However, this activation effect was not blocked by SP600125, an inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase. SP600125 effectively prevented Jun phosphorylation in cells subsequently treated with cytokines. The cytokines TNFα and GM-CSF therefore activate CAEV transcription, and this effect occurs independently of AP-1. A set of progressive deletion mutants was utilized to show that TNFα-induced expression depends on an element or elements within the U3 70-bp repeat.
The association of multiple risk factors with fruit and vegetable intake among a nationwide sample of college students.

Few college students meet fruit and vegetable intake recommended requirements, and most receive no information from their institutions about this issue. The avoidable disease burden among students is large, the necessary information infrastructure exists, and Healthy People 2010 objectives indicate efforts should be taken to increase intake. Objective: The authors examined the association of high-risk behaviors and fruit and vegetable intake to inform design of multiple risk factor interventions. Participants and Methods: The authors obtained data from a sample of 40,209 18- to 25-year-old college students who completed the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment during the spring 2002 and 2003 semesters. Results: Predictors of high fruit and vegetable intake for men and women included better: seatbelt and helmet use, physical activity, perceived health, sleep, self-care behaviors, and grades. Other notable predictors of high intake were reduced likelihood of cigarette smoki...
Purification of carp putative eosinophils on metrizamide gradients

A protocol for the purification of carp eosinophils on metrizamide gradients is presented. Density gradient centrifugation is a new approach to the study of eosinophils in fish. It provides enriched populations of viable eosinophils necessary for in vitro functional assays. Eosinophils purified from the peripheral blood of carp resemble mammalian eosinophils by light and electron microscopy. They are indistinguishable from carp neutrophils which have a different density and morphology.
Assessment of Haar wavelet-quasilinearization technique in heat convection-radiation equations

We showed that solutions by the Haar wavelet-quasilinearization technique for the two problems, namely, (i) temperature distribution equation in lumped system of combined convection-radiation in a slab made of materials with variable thermal conductivity and (ii) cooling of a lumped system by combined convection and radiation are strongly reliable and also more accurate than the other numerical methods and are in good agreement with exact solution. According to theHaar waveletquasilinearization technique, we convert the nonlinear heat transfer equation to linear discretized equation with the help of quasilinearization technique and apply the Haar wavelet method at each iteration of quasilinearization technique to get the solution. The main aim of present work is to show the reliability of the Haar wavelet-quasilinearization technique for heat transfer equations.