cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of orthophosphate in crossbridge kinetics in chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibres as detected with sinusoidal and step length alterations.

The role of orthophosphate (Pi) ions in crossbridge kinetics was investigated in chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibres in the presence of saturating Ca2+. The muscle length was altered sinusoidally, and the resulting tension time courses were analysed in terms of three exponential processes (A), (B) and (C). Experiments were also performed with step length changes, and the resulting tension transients were correlated with the results of sinusoidal analysis. It was shown that addition of a low millimolar concentration of Pi increased both the rate constant and magnitude of process (B), which resulted in a dramatic increase in the oscillatory power output. The Pi effect was greater at higher oscillation amplitude and at higher MgATP concentration. At 5mm MgATP, the amplitude effect became saturated at a 6 nm length change per crossbridge, whereas the Pi effect did not become saturated in the concentration range tested (0–16mm), An introduction of MgADP to the activating saline resulted in a decrease of all rate constants, and these effects were opposite to MgATP. The effect of Pi resembled neither MgADP nor MgATP. Based on these observations, all the crossbridge reactions except for one (ADP desorption reaction) were eliminated as the possible site of action of Pi ions, supposing that Pi affects only one specific site in the crossbridge cycle. Other mechanisms, which might account for the Pi effects, are the presence of parallel hydrolysis pathways and the presence of multiple sites of action of the Pi ions.
Performance evaluation of R-22 alternative mixtures in a breadboard heat pump with pure cross-flow condenser and counter-flow evaporator

This paper presents results of performance tests for R-22 and four alternative fluids (R-134a, R-32/134a (30/70%), R-407C, and R-410A) at operating conditions typical for a residential air conditioner. The study was performed in an experimental breadboard water-to-water heat pump in which a water/ethylene glycol mixture was used as the heat transfer fluid. The heat exchangers representing the evaporator and condenser were counter flow and cross flow, respectively. In tests performed at the same capacity, R-410A had the highest coefficient of performance. Test results for the system and data characterizing the performance of the heat exchangers and compressor are presented. The impact of the wide variations in the different alternative fluid properties on the system's operation and performance is particularly noted. The benefit of the liquid-line/suction-line heat exchange cycle is also addressed.
Analysis of 36 cases of blaschkoid dyspigmentation: Reading between the lines of Blaschko

Genetic mosaicism indicated by lines of Blaschko pigmentary changes has been described under a number of different and confusing terms, including hypomelanosis of Ito, linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis, nevus depigmentosus, and cutis tricolor. Moreover, extracutaneous findings, particularly serious neurologic defects, have been reported in a large number of these cases. We reviewed the cutaneous and extracutaneous findings in 36 patients referred to the Harriet Lane Pediatric Dermatology Clinic, Johns Hopkins University, from June 12, 2008, to May 24, 2009, for evaluation of macular lesions along the lines of Blaschko. Patients with dyspigmentation along the lines of Blaschko and no history of preceding inflammatory skin lesions were identified for inclusion in a database at their initial visit. Information on age at presentation; sex; age when first diagnosed; type, pattern, and location of the pigmentary anomaly; and extracutaneous abnormalities noted on a review-of-systems questionnaire and physical examination was recorded for each child. Patients were asked to follow up within 6 to 12 months of the initial visit. Patients included 13 boys and 23 girls ages 3 months to 15 years with lesions noted from birth to 12 years. Lesions were hypopigmented in 21 patients and hyperpigmented in 15. No patients presented with hypopigmented and hyperpigmented lesions. Extracutaneous findings were noted in five children (13.9%). Historically, cases of Blaschkoid hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation have been associated with a high percentage of extracutaneous manifestations, particularly neurologic and neurodevelopmental defects. In our study, only five patients (13.9%) were noted to have extracutaneous abnormalities, and these findings may have been coincidental. We propose the term 'Blaschkoid dyspigmentation' to describe the cutaneous findings. Although serious extracutaneous findings may occur in children with Blaschkoid dyspigmentation and results of careful physical examination and review of systems should direct an evaluation, serious extracutaneous findings occur in a minority of patients.
Relationships between fecal pellet production and feeding in the calanoid copepod Boeckella

Study of the influence of food concentration on the number, size and total volume of fecal pellets for two species of Boeckella from Lake Titicaca.The fecal pellet production was also evaluated as an indicator of feeding rates and food selectivity
Bulk-solvent correction in direct-methods phasing.

It is shown that for crystals of large proteins at low diffraction resolution, with N ≃ 10 000 independent non-H protein atoms and dmin ≃ 8 A, a simple bulk-solvent correction yields the Sayre equation in its classical form, F _{\bf h} = q \textstyle \sum_{\bf k} F_{\bf k} F _{{\bf h} - {\bf k}}. In the low-resolution protein case, the proportionality factor becomes q = 1/[(\langle \rho_P \rangle - \rho_{S })V] , where V is the unit-cell volume, ρS is the assumed constant electron density in the solvent regions of the crystal and 〈ρP〉 is the average electron density in the protein regions. The classical form of the tangent formula follows from the bulk-solvent-corrected Sayre equation and its validity at low resolution is verified in empirical calculations.
Terror, Risk, And Reverence: Experiential Personal Construct Psychotherapy

Abstract This paper asserts the experiential underpinnings of personal construct psychotherapy by distinguishing between the process of construing and the content of constructs. Three cases that emphasize the importance of construing core ROLE reconstruction as an experiential phenomenon are briefly discussed. The Sociality and Choice Corollaries, which provide the theoretical justification for experiential personal construct psychotherapy, are elaborated. This elaboration places greater importance on understanding the process of evolution that is the person instead of focusing on the specific content or structure of constructs. In particular, deep interpersonal (ROLE) relationships are seen as essential yet potentially terrifying. The struggles of therapist and client around the basic issue of the terror of risking versus the emptiness of avoiding ROLE relationships are discussed. The discussion emphasizes the critical nature of being with the other person as opposed to focusing on changing specific cogn...
Diabetes and renal tubular cell apoptosis

Apoptosis contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy, but the mechanism by which high glucose induces apoptosis is not fully understood. Apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells is a major feature of diabetic kidney disease, and hyperglycemia triggers the generation of free radicals and oxidant stress in tubular cells. Hyperglycemia and high glucose in vitro also lead to apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death. High glucose similar to those seen with hyperglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus, lead to accelerated apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death characterized by cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, in variety of cell types, including renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.
A hybridly mode-locked CW dye laser with brewster prisms

Abstract Stable pulses as short as 69 fs duration have been generated by a linear-cavity, synchronously-pumped cw rhodamine 6G dye laser incorporating a pair of Brewster-angled quartz prisms and the saturable absorbers DQOCI and DODCI.
Radiotherapy: Accelerated radiotherapy for HNSCC in developing countries.

The IAEA-ACC study compared accelerated radiotherapy with standard radiotherapy in a multicenter trial conducted in developing countries. Advantages were most notable in patients with early-stage disease, which may limit the utility of this therapy. In countries where resources are limited, however, this strategy may be a cost-effective approach to improving outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer.
Impact of imported fire ants on the texture and fertility of Mississippi soils

Impacts of the imported fire ants (Solenopsis Spp.) on the pH, clay content, organic matter, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of nine soil ...
Africa and the United Nations

At the beginning of its nineteenth session the General Assembly of the United Nations decided by acclamation that Alex Quaison-Sackey, the permanent representative of Ghana, should preside over the session. This was only the second time in eighteen years that this, the highest honor in the Organization, was accorded to a representative of an African state, and the first time that a Negro African was thus chosen.
Generating Edge-Labeled Trees

its connection with the theory of graphs, A Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia. Matematikai Kutato Intezet. 4 (1959) 63-71. 7. G. Keller and F. R. Olson, Counting polynomial functions (mod pn), Duke Math. J. 35 (1968) 835-838. 8. G. Mullen and H. Stevens, Polynomial functions (mod m), Acta Math. Hungarica 44 (1984) 237-241. 9. L. R6dei and T. Szele, Algebraisch-zahlentheoretische Betrachtungen fiber Ringe I, Acta Math. 79 (1947) 291-320.
Factors associated with emergency department use in asthma: acute care interventions improving chronic disease outcomes.

Objective To provide a literature review of the factors associated with childhood asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits and to identify elements of effective ED interventions that reduce the frequency of childhood ED visits while increasing primary health care utilization. Data Source English Medline articles from 1990 that cross-referenced with the terms asthma, emergency, intervention, pediatric , and/or acute care . Experts in the field of allergy and asthma were also consulted. Study Selection Childhood asthma interventions in the ED. Results Factors associated with childhood asthma-related ED visits include being impoverished, being exposed to allergens, receiving Medicaid or lacking insurance, being noncompliant with self-management skills, and having an African-American heritage. Other minorities may also be at risk, but further investigation is required to determine the extent. Attempts to link the patient to primary health care by the ED staff resulted in increased adherence to followup care. Conclusions The ED provides an opportunity to help patients and families deal with asthma to improve their quality of life. Further, current studies demonstrate that the ED is an appropriate setting for an intervention that links the patient back to the primary health care provider. More research is needed on the appropriate educational messages to be delivered in ED. Also, barriers to followup care and regular use of a primary health care provider need to be identified so that future intervention designs can address these issues.
The determination of the redox states and phosphorylation potential in living tissues and their relationship to metabolic control of disease phenotypes

This paper reviews the development in the 1950s of methods to determine the redox states of the free [NAD+]/[NADH] in cytoplasm of yeast by Helmut Holzer and Feodore Lynen and in rat liver by Theodore Bucher and Martin Klingenberg. This work was extended in the 1960s in the laboratory of Hans Krebs, where the use of basic thermodynamic and kinetic principles allowed the extension of this approach to the determination of the free mitochondrial [NAD+]/NADH] in mitochondria and the redox state of the free NADP system in cytoplasm and mitochondria. This work also outlined the linkage between the redox states in the various couples to the phosphorylation state or the free [ATP]/[ADP][Pi] ratio, the central energy parameter of living cells. This work has since been extended to include other energy-linked systems including the gradients of inorganic ions between extra and intracellular phases of the cell and the redox state of the co-enzyme Q couple of mitochondria. This system of linked near-equilibrium redox and phosphorylation potentials constitutes a framework of primitive metabolic control that is altered in a number of disease phenotypes. The alteration of such disease phenotypes by substrate availability is discussed, as well as the importance of a thorough grounding in basic kinetics and thermodynamics in designing new therapies to normalize the metabolic abnormalities that are the proximate cause of many common and some rare diseases states.
The Mobil check and restaurant pricing behavior in the U.S. and Canada

Abstract Many industries face highly publicized ratings which have the potential to influence consumers' perceptions of the firm's products or services. This study examines the impact of a value rating change by a popular rating authority on pricing behavior by firms in the restaurant industry. Data encompasses 2078 restaurants over two decades in the U.S. and Canada. Results indicate a rating change for restaurants, both favorable and unfavorable, was followed by pricing strategy different than that of restaurants experiencing no change in rating. Graphs indicate the amount of price change based on categories of locations, quality levels, and entree prices. Managerial implications and future research suggestions are offered.
Great Expectations: Emergent Professional Development Schools:

Of all the reform efforts in teacher education, the professional development school (PDS) shows the greatest promise, because its aim is to tie reforms in teacher education to reforms in schools. We describe an evolving partnership between the University of Utah and the Salt Lake City School District to create professional development schools, and we discuss several dilemmas confronted in the process: didactic versus constructivist views of teaching and learning, replicative versus reflective orientations, basic versus applied research, program continuity versus equity in faculty loads, coherence versus democracy, and collaboration versus academic freedom.
Anglo Adoptions of Native Americans: Repercussions in Adolescence

Abstract Native American children who are placed in foster homes outside of their tradition suffer an estrangement during their adolescence when the foster care comes to an end. Attention must therefore be paid to long-term as well as immediate developmental needs. In the case of the native American child, and perhaps for all minority children, cultural ties should be preserved.
A model for compressive mean stress effects in compression failure of carbon/epoxy composites

Abstract Compression loadings in thick composites can in some cases lead to three-dimensional states of stress with a compressive mean stress. Models are examined in the present work that attempt to predict the effects of this compressive mean stress on the compression strength of carbon/epoxy fiber composites. The models assume that the fibers have an initial misalignment, and that composite failure occurs when the fiber matrix bond strength is exceeded. Literature values for the effect of pressure on bond strength are included. Comparisons with experimental data from the literature support the predicted increase in comparison strength with pressure.
Importance of health-related quality of life for persons with aphasia, their significant others, and SLPs: Who do we ask?

Background: Outcomes that support improved health-related quality of life (HRQL) are increasingly identified as desirable products to aphasia intervention. Although domain importance has been examined for survivors of stroke, little research evidence exists indicating what particular HRQL domains are or are not important to persons with aphasia (PwA). Aims: The study aimed to determine if persons with mild, moderate, and severe aphasia, their respective speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and respective significant others (SOs) attribute similar importance rankings to different domains and overall HRQL. Method & Procedures: This study was a prospective, observational, non-randomised group design. The Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39; Hilari, Byng, Lamping, & Smith, 2003a) and the Quality of Communication Life scale (Paul et al., 2004) were administered to 24 PwA, their treating SLPs (n = 7), and SOs (n = 24). Importance ratings on a 5-point Likert scale were obtained for each scale it...
Polyhedral-based nonlinear optical materials. 3. Synthetic studies of cyclopentadiene- and cycloheptatriene-substituted polyhedral compounds: synthesis of 1,12-[C(7)H(7)C(2)B(10)H(10)(C(5)H(3)Me(2))] and related species.

The synthesis and characterization of a series of new olefin-substituted closo-1,12-[C(2)B(10)H(12)] compounds is described. The reaction of deprotonated closo-1,12-dicarbadodecaborane with 7-methoxycycloheptatriene yields the cycloheptatriene-substituted carborane compound, closo-[1-(1-C(7)H(7))-12-(H)-C(2)B(10)H(10)] (3). Deprotonation of 3 with butyllithium and subsequent reaction with 3,4-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one was found to yield the bis-olefin-substituted carbinol compound [1-(1-C(7)H(7))-12-(C(5)H(4)-1-(OH)-3,4-(CH(3))(2))-C(2)B(10)H(10)] (5) in good yield. Acidic dehydration of 5 quantitatively converted it into the simple bis-olefin cage compound [1-(1-C(7)H(7))-12-(C(5)H(3)-3,4-(CH(3))(2))-C(2)B(10)H(10)] (6). Finally, thermal treatment of 6 in refluxing toluene was employed to prepare the isomerized cycloheptatriene compound [1-(4-C(7)H(7))-12-(C(5)H(3)-3,4-(CH(3))(2))-C(2)B(10)H(10)] (7) in high yield. These compounds represent the first metal-free cyclopentadiene and bis-olefin large cluster species reported in which the C(5) ring is attached directly to the cage. The complete characterization of products by multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (11)B, and (13)C), infrared, UV-visible, and mass spectroscopic analyses is presented. The X-ray crystal structures of 3 and 7 are also reported. X-ray data for 3: triclinic system, space group Po with cell constants a = 6.6807(3) A, b = 10.2939(3) A, c = 10.3962(4) A, alpha = 89.342(2) degrees, beta = 74.610(2) degrees, gamma = 83.373(2) degrees, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0487 (wR2 (all data) = 0.1272). X-ray data for 7: monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c with cell constants a = 7.7207(7) A, b = 15.8730(14) A, c = 15.5493(13) A, beta = 99.146(2) degrees, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0761 (wR2 (all data) = 0.2050).
To err is rational: A theory of excess demand for tickets

This paper examines the relationship between chronic excess demand for sporting events, a robust ticket resale market and the market for seasons tickets. The main argument focuses on property rights associated with the purchase of season tickets. Given the impossibility of pricing games individually, season-ticket holders act as brokers. The ‘broker's fees’ are paid in the form of priorities for playoff tickets and premium seats in future years. Since a pure monopoly price would render season-ticket property rights worthless, a profit-maximizing strategy requires apparent underpricing.
Psychic disturbances in typhus fever.

This paper deals with the most interesting of the psychic disturbances observed in 430 cases of typhus seen during two great epidemics in eastern Europe in the years 1941 and 1945. These mental disorders accompanied the disease from the prodromal stage through the peak and decrudescence, through convalescence and even later. There were observed, especially at the beginning of the disease as well as at its height, varying degrees of confusion, disturbances of speech, “double image” illusion, different types of delirium (simple and “oneiric”), manic conditions, hallucinosis, different degrees of “amentia,” the Korsakoff syndrome and others. The “double image” syndrome and the “oneiric” delirium were experienced by the author himself, while he was ill with the disease. Observations during convalescence included: abulia, so-called “sexual anesthesia,” proprioceptive disturbances, speech disorders and hypoacusis. Three cases of “residual insanity” have been described in another published paper. In 25 cases, clinical syndromes were observed which were probably due to conditions of acute hypoglycemia or adrenal insufficiency. A statistical survey is presented in which an attempt is made to correlate prognosis with mental symptoms.
Chiral Unification of Electroweak and Gravitational Interactions

Vector potentials and their associated fields are embodied in the left and right spin connections and their spin curvatures. These measure the path-dependence of the transport of spin frames, or the "vorticity of the spinfluid," produced by local sources. Electroweak interactions emerge from PT-antisymmetric u(1) × su(2) phase perturbations of the spin frames which do not show up in the spacetime tetrad. Gravitation emerges from PT-symmetric spin perturbations, whose path dependence shows up as spacetime curvature. We also predict a new "nonsymmetric" component of electrogravitation on particles with nontrivial electroweak form factors.
NO decreases thick ascending limb chloride absorption by reducing Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter activity

First published August 9, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.0075.2001.—We have reported that nitric oxide (NO) inhibits thick ascending limb (THAL) chloride absorption (J Cl− ). NaCl transport in the THAL dep...
Racial Differences in Self-Reports of Short Sleep Duration in an Urban-Dwelling Environment

OBJECTIVES To explore whether there are differences in sleep duration between blacks and whites residing in similar urban neighborhoods and examine whether the relationship between sleep durations and sociodemographic and/or health indices are consistent for blacks and whites. METHODS A total of 1,207 participants from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Disparities across the Life Span study (age: mean = 47, standard deviation = 8.74). Sleep duration was assessed by a self-report of hours of nightly sleep in the past month. Sociodemographic measures included age, sex, education, poverty status, and perceived neighborhood disorder. Health status was assessed using measures of vigilance, depression, perceived stress, coronary artery disease, diabetes, blood pressure, and inflammation. RESULTS There were no significant racial group differences in sleep duration. Whites, however, were more likely than blacks to report sleep durations of 7 hr with increasing stress and education levels. Blacks were more likely than whites to report short sleep durations (i.e., 6-7 hr vs. >7 hr of sleep) with increasing inflammation levels. DISCUSSION Although racial disparities in sleep duration are minimized when the environment is equivalent between blacks and whites, the underlying demographic and health explanations for short sleep durations may vary between whites and blacks.
Wireless performance improvement using an embedded balanced dipole antenna in laptop computer considering platform noise impact

Balanced antenna was proposed to improve the wireless communication performance by reducing platform noise. The concept was implemented and demonstrated using a balanced antenna design and ceramic balun. Platform noise reduction was achieved up to 5 dB and 11 dB for broadband noise and narrowband noise respectively. It is promising to improve the throughput and range by employing the balanced antenna in laptop computer.
Equivalent design representations and transformations for interactive scheduling

High-level synthesis (HLS) requires more designer interaction to better meet the needs of experienced designers. However, attempts to create a highly interactive synthesis process are hampered by incompatibility of various representations used during synthesis. To overcome this problem, equivalent representations are needed, as well as equivalence-preserving synthesis transformations. We present the Structured Finite State Machine (SFSM) design model for scheduled behavior, show its equivalence to the Control/Data Flow Graph (CDFG) model, and define primitive behavior-preserving transformations for scheduling. We have integrated this model and these transjormations into the BIF interactive environment to enable manual rescheduling of a design.
Crystal structure of an apo form of Shigella flexneri ArsH protein with an NADPH-dependent FMN reductase activity

The arsH gene or its homologs are a frequent part of the arsenic resistance system in bacteria and eukaryotes. Although a specific biological function of the gene product is unknown, the ArsH protein was annotated as a member of the NADPH-dependent FMN reductase family based on a conserved (T/S)XRXXSX(T/S) fingerprint motif common for FMN binding proteins. Presented here are the first crystal structure of an ArsH protein from Shigella flexneri refined at 1.7 A resolution and results of enzymatic activity assays that revealed a strong NADPH-dependent FMN reductase and low azoreductase activities. The ArsH apo protein has an α/β/α−fold typical for FMN binding proteins. The asymmetric unit consists of four monomers, which form a tetramer. Buried surface analysis suggests that this tetramer is likely to be the relevant biological assembly. Dynamic light scattering experiments are consistent with this hypothesis and show that ArsH in solution at room temperature does exist predominantly in the tetrameric form.
Lobbying behaviour and the development of international accounting standards

This paper studies the role of lobbying in an international (i.e., harmonization) accounting standards setting and examines the IASC's process of promulgating International Accounting Standard (IAS) 31, ‘Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures'. Our study begins with an examination of the Exposure Draft (ED 35, ‘Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures') preceding IAS 31 and analyses the lobbying efforts observed during the promulgation process. Consistent with prior literature, the paper analyses lobbyists and their lobbying positions. During the time frame of the study (1989 and 1990), the IASC changed its due process, which affords us the opportunity also to analyse the IASC's strategic approach to public input. Accordingly, this study incorporates aspects of institutional theory as it relates to strategic choice by organizations. The comment letters received by the IASC regarding ED 35 were analysed using a form of content analysis. The analyses generally support the hypothesized ...
Geometric Shared Secret and/or Shared Control Schemes

A shared secret scheme is normally specified in terms of a desired security, Pd, and a concurrence scheme, Γ. The concurrence scheme (aka access structure) identifies subsets of participants (also called trustees or shareholders) each of which should be able to cooperatively recover the secret and/or initiate the controlled action. The security requirement is expressed as the maximum acceptable probability, Pd, that the secret can be exposed or the controlled action initiated by a collection of persons that doesn’t include at least one of the authorized subsets identified in the concurrence scheme. A concurrence scheme is said to be monotone if every set of participants that includes one or more sets from Γ is also able to recover the secret. The closure of Γ, denoted by \( \hat \Gamma \) is the collection of all supersets (not necessarily proper) of the sets in Γ, i.e., the collection of all sets of participants that can recover the secret and/or initiate the controlled action. A shared secret scheme implementing a concurrence scheme Γ is said to be perfect if the probability of recovering the secret is the same for every set, C, of participants: C\( \hat \Gamma \). Since, in particular, C could consist of only nonparticipants, i.e., of persons with no insider information about the secret, the probability, P, of an unauthorized recovery of the secret in a perfect scheme is just the probability of being able to “guess” the secret using only public information about Γ and the shared secret scheme implementing Γ: P ≤ Ptd.
Theory of four-point alternating current potential drop measurements on a metal half-space

An analytic expression describing the complex voltage measured between the pickup points of a four-point probe, in contact with the surface of a half-space conductor, is derived. The driving current is assumed to be time harmonic. There are two contributions to the measured voltage. One arises from the potential drop due to electric current flowing in the conductor. The other arises from induction in the loop of the pickup circuit. Both terms are obtained by integrating analytic expressions for the electric field, derived previously, along appropriate paths. Theory is compared with experimental data for co-linear and rectangular arrangements of the probe points, and very good agreement is obtained.
Rational addiction to alcohol: panel data analysis of liquor consumption.

Utilizing a panel data set of 42 states over the period 1959-1994, this paper estimates a rational addiction model for liquor consumption for the US. The empirical evidence is consistent with the rational addiction hypothesis proposed by Becker and Murphy. However, the results are sensitive to the assumption of homogeneity across states or over time.
Governor James Monroe and the Southampton Slave Resistance of 1799

(1999). Governor James Monroe and the Southampton Slave Resistance of 1799. The Historian: Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 557-578.
Decreased hemodialysis circuit pressures indicating postpump tubing kinks: A retrospective investigation of hemolysis in five patients

The source of hemolysis during hemodialysis must be quickly identified to avoid life-threatening complications. At a single clinic, over a 10-day period in which 550 treatments were performed, 5 case-patients were retrospectively identified for experiencing acute hemolysis (4 deaths) from an unknown origin. The investigation focused on the postpump arterial tubing as the pressure was not monitored in this region, and the segment was shorter than required and could kink if overly stressed at bend points (i.e., tubing support clips, dialyzer inlet). To determine whether the circuit pressures indicated kinked tubing, a relative comparison between each case-patient's recorded arterial (prepump) and venous circuit pressures throughout their adverse event treatment and their immediately preceding treatment was conducted. Treatment pressure-time traces showed that sustained, significant decreases (>25 mmHg) in both of the circuit pressures occurred only on the hemolytic event dates. While direct observations of kinked tubing were not reported, the circuit pressure decreases could only be explained by severe postpump tube kinking causing a decrease in the blood flow rate. While postpump obstructions and hemolysis can occur without causing noticeable changes to the prepump arterial and venous blood line pressures (due to the highly occlusive setting of the roller blood pump), recognizing sudden and/or sustained decreases in the circuit pressures during treatment may help to prevent adverse patient events. This analysis reinforces the importance of regularly checking the blood tubing set for kinks and for monitoring the circuit pressures for atypical trends within and between treatments.
What is the latest in inventory for carotid stenting and cerebral protection

Carotid angioplasty is fast being incorporated into the treatment options for patients with carotid occlusive disease. The results of the SAPPHIRE and ARCHER trials have demonstrated that carotid angioplasty and stenting with the use of cerebral protection devices is not inferior to open surgical endarterectomy in high-risk patients. The limiting step for percutaneous carotid interventions was the potential for cerebral embolization during the intervention. However, the ready availability of several embolic protection devices has placed this technology into the hands of many endovascular specialists. A brief outline of the basic inventory necessary for a carotid stent program is presented.
Distal Phalanx Passive Flexor Splint

The need had arisen for the fabrication of a splint to help achieve passive flexion to the distal phalanx of the digits of the hand. The splint was developed by staff at Oakviile-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Ontario, and was designed to be adjustable as tolerated. It can be used in a variety of disorders which result in limited passive flexion of the distal phalanx. The design is illustrated by the use of a dorsal and anterior pattern as well as photographs as to proper application. Modifications to the splint have also been suggested to be used by the therapist as he need arises.
Reasoning with Preference Trees over Combinatorial Domains

Preference trees, or P-trees for short, offer an intuitive and often concise way of representing preferences over combinatorial domains. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition of P-trees, and formally introduce their compact representation that exploits occurrences of identical subtrees. We show that P-trees generalize lexicographic preference trees and are strictly more expressive. We relate P-trees to answer-set optimization programs and possibilistic logic theories. Finally, we study reasoning with P-trees and establish computational complexity results for the key reasoning tasks of comparing outcomes with respect to orders defined by P-trees, and of finding optimal outcomes.
The effect of grain boundary motion on the kinetics of solute penetration into a polycrystalline medium

Abstract An approximate computational scheme that accounts for boundary movement duringdiffusion of a surface-deposited tracer into a polycrystalline solid is presented. The method is compared to exact solutions for stationary boundaries and for rapidly-moving boundaries and found to be acceptably accurate. The proposed method bridges the transition between these two limiting cases. When applied to existing data for tracer diffusion into polycrystalline lead, the tracer grain boundary diffusivity is found to be ∼5 times larger than the value deduced for stationary-boundary theories. The importance of measuring grain growth during the diffusion experiments is noted.
The crystal structure and density of β-rhombohedral boron

Abstract The crystal structure of three different samples of melt-grown β-rhombohedral boron has been reinvestigated. There are 20 different symmetry-equivalent atomic positions in the unit cell, four of which have not been previously reported. Six of the 20 are partially occupied. The hexagonal unit cell contains a total of 320.1 boron atoms as determined from the electron density. This gives an X-ray-predicted crystal density of 2.333(5) g/cm 3 compared to a pycnometric value of 2.333(2) g/cm 3 . There are local density variations with the large unit cell associated with the partially occupied sites.
The Regularity of Business Cycles

Do business cycles have predictable periodicities or are they random walks without past regularities or predictive value? Arguments in support of either position are found in the literature, with no apparent convergence to an agreement. This paper first examines the implications of the NBER chronologies and other findings for the question of the regularity of business cycles. It discusses hypotheses and presents evidence concerning the incidence and coexistence of cycles with different periods. An extension of the analysis covers growth cycles in the United States and other major countries. The paper then considers different models -- linear, nonlinear, endogenous, and exogenous -- for what they have to say about the problem. The regularity of investment cycles and the possible asymmetries in cyclical behavior receive particular attention, and some related data and tests are provided. Our results suggest that business cycles defy simple characterizations: they show a strong tendency to recur and at times even near periodicity, along with great diversity and evolution of phase durations. The age of a phase is not of much help in predicting the date of its end; the regularities are mainly in the dynamics of the developing business conditions.
Cellulase Gene Expression in Ethylene-Treated Geranium Flowers

Abscission of floral organs after pollination is a common phenomenon in many plant species. The time between induction and completion of the abscission process varies widely among species. Generally completion of abscission of floral structures is faster than abscission of leaves and fruits (2.5–8 h vs 10–48 h) [2]. Anatomical studies in the abscission zone (AZ) reveal cell separation in the middle lamella and extensive swelling and disorganization of the semicrystalline bundles, microfibrils, in the primary wall of the abscission zone cells. It has become evident that hormones participate and have a regulatory role in abscission. The plant hormone ethylene increases cell expansion, which generates mechanical forces facilitating cell separation, and increases expression of genes associated with abscission. Cell wall hydrolases such as cellulases are commonly associated with abscission [3]. In geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum), exogenous application of ethylene induces petal abscission within 2 hours of treatment [1]. In the present study, the expression of three cellulases, PCX10, PCX59 and PCX102 was investigated in geranium tissues including petal abscission zone. The effect of ethylene on the mRNA levels of the three cellulases was also determined.
Book Review: The Broken Compass: Parental Involvement with Children’s Education

On April 12, 2014 an opinion piece authored by Keith Robinson and Angel L. Harris, authors of the book The Broken Compass , appeared on the New York Times blog website The Opinionator. The opinion piece titled “Parental Involvement is Overrated,” suggested that the evidence supporting parental involvement as a means of improving children’s academic lives has been overstated. In fact, it made the claim that “most forms of parental involvement . . . do not improve student achievement” at all and “in some cases” it may “actually hinder it.”
Assessing situations

Data fusion is the process of utilising one or more sensors over time to assemble a representation of aspects of interest in an environment. As a component of this process, situation refinement is the process of assembling representations of behavioural relationships between objects. The representations formed during situation refinement are called situation assessments. The aim of the paper is to: 1. provide an understanding of situation assessments; and 2. to briefly outline part of the author's framework for automating the situation refinement process.
How Does One Define Dose-Duration of an Antihypertensive Drug? What is the Role of Non-Mem and the Peak/Through Measurement?

For a new drug to gain approval for the therapy of hypertension it is necessary but perhaps not sufficient that there be two or more adequately controlled trials that demonstrate an antihypertensive effect in a general population of patients with essential hypertension, and that the dosing interval for the antihypertensive effect be clear. The antihypertensive effect is taken simply as a reflection of a change in blood pressure in comparison to placebo. One could do a positive controlled trial which would be harder to do as a study because you have to be sure of the correct dose. Alternate possibilities to consider are baseline control with reversal or randomized withdrawal with placebo.
The messenger: the story of joan of Arc

Directed by Luc Besson Gaumont Pictures/Columbia Tristar, on general release in north America Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] “When I was thirteen years old, I had a voice from God to help me govern my conduct… The first time I was very fearful. And came this voice, about the hour of noon, in the summer-time, in my father's garden… I heard the voice on the right-hand side, towards the church; and rarely do I hear it without a brightness. This brightness comes from the same side as the voice is heard. It is usually a great light… This voice was sent to me by God and, after I had thrice heard this voice, I knew that it was the voice of an angel. This voice has always guided me well and I have … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Chemoradiation versus chemotherapy or radiation alone in stage III endometrial cancer: Patterns of care and impact on overall survival

Abstract Purpose We aimed to investigate the patterns-of-care and overall survival (OS) benefit of aCRT versus adjuvant monotherapy (aMT), defined as either chemotherapy or radiation alone, utilizing a large national registry of patients. Patients and methods Adult patients with stage III endometrial adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 2004 to 2013 were included. Logistic and Cox regression modeling was used to identify factors predictive of receipt of aCRT and OS, respectively. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan Meier and log-rank analysis. Propensity score matching and sensitivity analysis was performed to address selection bias and presence of potential confounding variables. Results A total of 21,027 patients were identified: 11,435 (54.4%) patients received aMT, while 9592 (45.6%) received aCRT. Utilization of aCRT increased over the study period ( p p Conclusion The use of aCRT for stage III endometrial cancer is increasing. Multiple clinical and demographic factors were predictive of aCRT use. When compared to chemotherapy or radiation alone, aCRT is associated with an OS benefit.
Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Marking with Rubidium Chloride Sprays on Cotton and Dispersal from Cotton

Cotton was sprayed with 2.24 or 4.48 kg of rubidium chloride (RbCl) per ha during the fruiting period (March through August) of 1974 and 1973, respectively. Boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, that developed in flower buds of this cotton were marked with rubidium. Boll weevil dispersal was measured to a distance of 90 m from the sprayed plot, and weevils found in grandlure-baited traps set at various distances from the treated cotton were considered labeled if their rubidium content was 70 ppm or more, which was higher than the background level in boll weevils that had not been exposed to sprays of RbCI. Labeled overwintering populations were found during the winter of 1973 and spring of 1974. RbCI applied at 3-week intervals provided sufficient plant coverage to label weevils so that their movement in and around a field of colton could be traced for at least 3 months after the source of rubidium was removed.
Linear Structure Growth in Massive Bigravity

We have, to this point, reviewed the background FLRW solutions of massive bigravity in Chap. 2 and begun to analyse linear perturbations around these solutions in Chap. 3. In addition to introducing the formalism for cosmological perturbation theory in bigravity, the specific aim of the previous chapter was to identify which models are stable at the linear level and which are not. The natural next step is to use perturbation theory to derive observable predictions for the stable models.
Sequence Based Prediction of Hospital Readmissions

We propose an N-gram based approach to make predictions about the next event in a sequence of hospital admissions. To predict the value of a variable in the next admission (e.g. length of stay), we use only the sequence of values of the same variable for all hospital admissions of the same patient so far (e.g. the length of all previous hospital stays) and no other information from the discharge record. We validate our method on inpatient data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), for the prediction of 3 kinds of variables: whether the patient will be readmitted within 30 days, and what the associated length of stay and cost of the next admission will be. Our results show that in all cases 4-gram, 5-gram and 6-gram methods make more accurate predictions than the majority baseline method, by a margin that depends on the problem at hand as well as on the cohort, i.e. the patient population as a whole ("ALL-Cause") versus a congestive heart failure (CHF) cohort.
Seedling size and survival for Chrysothamnus nauseosus

Seedling size and survival in relation to summer drought were examined for Chrysothamnus nauseosus growing under field and greenhouse conditions. In the field, summer survival rates were less than 2% annually for the three years monitored. The effect of initial seedling height on subsequent survival was examined in both the field and greenhouse by grouping seedlings into live and dead categories on each census date and comparing initial heights for seedlings in these categories. For a majority of the census dates, the initial height of surviving seedlings was greater than the initial height of those that subsequently died (significant differences ranged from 1 to 8 mm), indicating that seedlings that were taller at the initiation of the drought period had a higher probability of survival. In the greenhouse, taller seedlings had greater shoot and root biomass and rooting depth. Seedlings that are larger (i.e., taller and have greater aboveground biomass) in late spring appear to have a higher probability of surviving summer drought due to greater rooting depth and hence increased access to moisture in deeper soil layers. Seed availability and safe sites for germination were probably not limiting since large numbers of seedlings successfully germinated in a patchy pattern during the study period. Seedling size and probability of survival were not related to either seedling density or the distance to nearest seedling neighbor. Survival through summer drought appears to be the main limitation to seedling recruitment in this population.
Pathogen Proliferation: Threats from the Former Soviet Bioweapons Complex

This article outlines the proliferation threats of pathogen collections from the former Soviet biological weapons (BW) program and the inherent difficulties in safeguarding sensitive biological materials. It describes new U.S. government efforts to improve security conditions of these collections through the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. Finally, the article analyzes these U.S. programs and offers additional policy recommendations to reduce the proliferation threat from these dangerous pathogens.
Book Review: Flavor of the Month: Why Smart People Fall for Fads

Flavor of the Month: Why Smart People Fall for Fads . Best, Joel. 2006. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 201 pp. ISBN:0-520-24626-8
Non-invasive point-of-care method for measuring left-ventricular stroke-volume using a passive electromagnetic skin patch sensor

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a non-invasive mobile skin patch sensor – applied like an adhesive bandage which could potentially measure left-ventricular stroke volume (LVSV). Methods: The sensor was designed from a single baseline component comprised of a trace of copper
Origin of Outstanding Phase and Moisture Stability in a Na3P1-xAsxS4 Superionic Conductor

Sodium ion (Na) solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are critical to address notorious safety issues associated with liquid electrolytes used in the current Na ion batteries. Fulfilling multiple innovations is a grand challenge but is imperative for advanced Na ion SSEs, such as a combination of high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability. Here, our first-principles and phonon calculations reveal that Na3P1–xAsxS4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) is a solid-state superionic conductor stabilized at 0 K by zero-point vibrational energy and at finite temperatures by vibrational and configurational entropies. Especially, our integrated first-principles and experimental approach indicates that Na3P1–xAsxS4 is dry-air stable. Additionally, the alloying element arsenic greatly enhances the moisture (i.e., H2O) stability of Na3P1–xAsxS4 by shifting the reaction products from the easy-forming oxysulfides (such as Na3POS3 and Na3PO2S2 with H2S release) to the difficult-forming hydrates (such as Na3P1–xAsxS4·nH2O with n = 8 and/...