cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of dichloroacetate following canine asphyxial arrest

Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) has been shown to lower elevated serum lactate levels produced by hypoxia, exercise, and phenformin. We conducted a study to investigate the effect of DCA treatment on lactic acidosis following resuscitation from asphyxial cardiac arrest. Conditioned dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg), endotracheally intubated, and mechanically ventilated to maintain an arterial pCO 2 of 30 to 40 mm Hg. Asphyxial cardiac arrest was produced by endotracheal tube occlusion for six to eight minutes. After five minutes of cardiac arrest, the endotracheal tube was unclamped and closed-chest CPR was begun. Six animals received DCA 100 mg/kg IV push after one minute of CPR. Control animals (n = 6) received an equal volume of saline. CPR was continued until the return of a spontaneous pulse, when mechanical ventilation was resumed. Arterial and venous blood gases, glucose, and lactate levels were obtained at baseline and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after resuscitation. Mean arterial blood pressure, pulse, and glucose, and venous and arterial blood gases were similar in both groups throughout the study. By 45 minutes after resuscitation, the DCA-treated group showed a significantly faster rate of decline in lactate levels that continued to the final sampling period. By 90 minutes, arterial lactate in DCA animals was not significantly different from baseline (pre-arrest) values. DCA given during cardiac arrest will cause a more rapid normalization of arterial lactate after successful resuscitation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of lowered lactic acid on survival and neurological outcome following cardiac arrest.
THE CASE FOR AN INDONESIAN CURRENCY BOARD

In February 1998, after consulting one of the authors of this article, President Suharto and his Economic and Monetary Resilience Council advocated the establishment of a fixed-rate currency board system in which the Indonesian rupiah would be backed by and convertible into U.S. dollars as a reserve currency. But the proposal, after being criticized by both the IMF and the U.S. government, was dropped. This article presents the case for currency boards in the context of Indonesia. The authors argue that the popular objections to currency boards–including those offered in the preceding article as well as those used by the IMF in the case of Indonesia—are based on a number of prevalent misconceptions. Contrary to the claims of critics, currency boards can be set up even in countries lacking foreign currency reserves; they can be designed to insulate their workings from political pressure; and, through the creation of a network of international branch banks and other market mechanisms, they can function without a “political” lender of last resort.
Small bowel volvulus with no malrotation after laparoscopic appendicectomy: Case report and literature review

INTRODUCTION Small bowel volvulus, as a complication of laparoscopic surgery, is a rarely reported clinical entity. We present a case of a young female who developed small intestinal volvulus after laparoscopic appendicectomy. She had this complication in the absence of malrotation or other previous abdominal operations.
The effect of pyridoxine deficiency on liver and muscle phosphorylase

Abstract The effects of pyridoxine deficiency on phosphorylase activity of rat liver and skeletal muscle have been investigated. It was shown that phosphorylase a and total phosphorylase activity of muscle were decreased with the greater reduction occurring in total enzyme activity. Liver phosphorylase activity was also diminished in pyridoxine depleted animals although the decline in activity was less marked than that which occurred in muscle tissue.
Ca2+ Channels in Higher Plant Cells.

Ca2+ channels have been suggested to play major roles in the initiation of a large number of signal transduction processes in higher plant cells, including bud formation, polar growth, gas exchange regulation, secretion, move? ments, and light-regulated and hormone-regulated growth and development (Hepler and Wayne, 1985; Leonard and Hepler, 1990). Activation of Ca2+ channels allows transmembrane fluxes of Ca2+. These Ca2+ fluxes result in elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration from resting levels of approximately 150 nM to "excitatory" levels greater than 300 nM to 400 nM. This rise in cytosolic Ca2+ triggers numerous cell biological processes by modulation of protein kinases, ion channels, and other cellular control proteins (Leonard and Hepler, 1990). Early indications of Ca2+ channel action during signal transduction in plants were obtained in studies of cytokinin-induced budding in Funaria, using Ca2+ ionophores and pharmacological blockers of voltage-dependent mammalian Ca2+ channels (Saunders and Hepler, 1982, 1983). Until recently, how? ever, direct evidence for plant Ca2+ channels was lacking, with the exception of data indicating voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activation in algae (Williamson and Ashley, 1982; Tazawa etal., 1987). Recent advances have demonstrated that several types of Ca2+ channels exist in higher plant cells, which are regulated by membrane-associated and intracellular con? trol mechanisms (Alexandre et al., 1990; Schroeder and Hagiwara, 1990). Figure 1 shows that these Ca2+ channels belong to two general classes of ion channels: plasma membrane Ca2+ channels, which allow Ca2+ influx from the cell wall space into the cytosol, and Ca2+ release channels located in the membrane of intracellular organ? elles, which allow release of stored Ca2+. In addition, new results suggest that both Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release occur within the same cell type.
Correcting for compensation in studies of time estimation

When E manipulates a variable in order to alter S’s judgment of how much time has passed, S may “compensate” for the effect of the variable upon him, i.e., he may revise his spontaneous judgment in order to accord with the reality demands of the situation, thus vitiating E’s hypothesis. We propose a means of correcting for S’s compensation and demonstrate its usefulness in an illustrative experiment on the effect of ego-involvement on time estimation.
Purification and Multimeric Structure of BovineN-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester α-N-Acetylglucosaminidase

Abstract N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester α-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.1.4.45; phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase) catalyzes the second step in the synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate determinant required for efficient intracellular targeting of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome. A partially purified preparation of phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase from bovine pancreas was used to generate a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies. The anti-phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase monoclonal antibody UC1 was coupled to a solid support and used to immunopurify the bovine liver enzyme 670,000-fold in two steps to apparent homogeneity with an overall yield of 14%. The purified phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase has a specific activity of 498 μmol of [3H]GlcNAc-α-phosphomannose-α-methyl cleaved per h per mg of protein using 0.5 mm[3H]GlcNAc-α-phosphomannose-α-methyl as substrate. The subunit structure of the enzyme was determined using a combination of analytical gel filtration chromatography, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and amino-terminal sequencing. The data indicate that bovine phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase is a 272,000-Da complex of four identical 68,000-Da glycoprotein subunits arranged as two disulfide-linked homodimers. A soluble form of the enzyme, isolated from fetal bovine serum, showed the same subunit structure. Both forms of the enzyme reacted with a rabbit antibody raised to the amino-terminal peptide of the liver enzyme, suggesting that phosphodiester α-GlcNAcase is a type I membrane-spanning glycoprotein with its amino terminus in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus.
Reflection and transmission properties of annular slot covered by dielectric hemisphere

A coaxial line flush mounted on an infinite perfectly conducting ground plane and covered by a dielectric hemisphere is investigated. Green's functions for the region above the ground plane are derived with separated homogeneous and particular solution parts so as to be compatible with numerical analysis techniques. A magnetic field integral equation is obtained in terms of the unknown annular aperture tangential electric field and is solved by the method of moments. A comparison between the present case and that of a flush-mounted coaxial line with an infinite homogeneous region above the ground plane is presented in terms of the tangential aperture electric field, the coaxial line apparent input impedance and the far radiated field.
Light Scattering Induced Giant Red-Shift in Photoluminescence from CdTe Quantum Dots Encapsulated in Polyacrylamide Gel Nanospheres

The photoluminescence emission from CdTe quantum dots embedded in hydrogel nanospheres based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer is observed to be modified by the random light scattering within the colloidal medium. Photoluminescence emission from CdTe quantum dots of various size has been observed making the gel fluorescent. The optical properties of the quantum dots entrapped within the gel microspheres can be modified due to change in refractive index, volume density of the surrounding hydrogel medium. A red-shift of ~100 nm has been observed from quantum dots emitting in the green wavelength region as the cell length is increased. This shift is due to secondary scattering and energy transfer induced by the larger scattering cross-section within the medium which results in a re-excitation of larger sized quantum dots.
Comparison of numerical and experimental flying characteristics of tri-pad sliders

The flying characteristics of a tri-pad slider are calculated numerically and compared with measurements using a commercially available, interferometry based flying height tester. The effect of crown, camber and edge blends on both rails and rear pad is investigated. The simulations indicate that the flying characteristics depend strongly on the edge blend of the rear pad. A sensitivity analysis using a Monte Carlo technique in conjunction with a finite element based air bearing solver is performed to determine the variation in flying height due to manufacturing tolerances.
Normal and Oblique Optical Phonons in RbClO3

The frequencies, polarizations (transverse or longitudinal), and symmetry species of the normal optical phonons in RbCl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (those which propagate parallel or perpendicular to the optic axis) have been determined from polarized Raman spectra. Using only the Raman data, the dielectric transition strengths, damping constants, and plasma frequencies of all of the polar phonons have been calculated. The room-temperature values of the static dielectric constants were found to be ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}^{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=4.97\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}^{\ensuremath{\perp}}=5.17\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11$. The directional dispersion of each of the oblique optical phonons (those which propagate at an acute angle to the optic axis) has been measured from the Raman data and calculated using the phenomenological coupled-harmonic-oscillator model of Onstott and Lucovsky. Agreement between theory and experiment was excellent. Infrared transmission spectra of mull samples have been recorded. The structural features of these spectra were found to be consistent with the polarized Raman data. Isotope splittings of some of the transverse optical phonons have been observed in both the Raman and infrared spectra and compared with the corresponding splittings of the chlorate-ion vibrational modes.
High-efficiency separation and characterization of high-molecular-weight heterocyclic sulfur compounds in fossil fuels by microcolumn liquid chromatography and related techniques

Abstract High chromatographic efficiency demonstrated by slurry-packed capillary columns in liquid chromatography was crucial in the separation of non-volatile polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocyclic compounds, isolated from a solvent-refined coal sample. Mass-spectral characterization of the trapped components revealed the presence of numerous isomers of the parent and alkylated polycyclic compounds with five- to nine-ring structures. In addition, fluorescence emission spectra, acquired with an intensified photodiode-array detector, yielded information concerning the shape of the molecules whenever authentic compounds were available.
Astronomy: to catch a stellar thief.

A supernova seen in 1993 defied explanation. Astronomers suspected the dying star had lost much of its hydrogen before the explosion. The discovery of a companion to this star suggests where that gas went...
On loss of accuracy and non-uniqueness of solutions generated by equivalent linearization and cumulant-neglect methods

Abstract The equivalent linearization, the Gaussian closure and the non-Gaussian cumulant-neglect closure schemes are used to analyze responses of a non-linear system with multiple potential wells under random external excitations. The resulting response statistics are compared with those obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations and exact stationary solutions to the corresponding Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation. The question of uniqueness of mean-square responses for different approximation methods is also examined and discussed. The results presented show that accuracies of these approximation techniques vary depending on the nature and strength of non-linearity of the system and the intensity of excitation. For certain conditions, the exact mean-square responses are underestimated by a factor of ten or more. The Gaussian closure technique and the equivalent linearization method lead to identical results which are somewhat less accurate than those obtained by the non-Gaussian cumulant-neglect closure scheme. It is also shown that the solution generated by these techniques may not be unique.
MEASURING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHITE VOTING AND POLLING ON INTERRACIAL MARRIAGE

Major questions remain about the extent and political significance of White racial attitudes. In this paper, we examine an alternative source of data on racial attitudes—actual voting on the purely symbolic repeal of antimiscegenation referenda. By applying cross-level (ecological) inference methods to this unique data, we find, surprisingly, that White voting behavior differs dramatically from what would be predicted based on previous survey research on public and private attitudes.
Arctic Energy Resources: Energy Research

Arctic Energy Resources is a volume of 26 papers recording the proceedings of the Comite' Arctique International Conference, held at the Veritas Centre, Oslo, Norway, September 22–24, 1982. This was the fourth of a series of meetings on the Arctic organized by the Comite', an organization established in the Principality of Monaco with the active support of H.S.H. Prince Rainer III. The fourth Conference was opened by H.R.H. Crown Prins Harald of Norway, a noble beginning for a noble objective. The North Polar Region has drawn world attention recently because of several large hydrocarbon and other mineral discoveries and because of major political and environmental actions in the North American Arctic. Since 1923 when Naval Petroleum Reserve number 4 (NPR-4) was established, northern Alaska has been considered a major petroleum province. It was first explored systematically with modern techniques from 1943 to 1953. In 1958, Alaska became a state, and both federal and state lands in northern Alaska were available for private exploration. Building on the knowledge base provided by the Pet-4 program and its spinoff research laboratory at Barrow, industry explored the area east of NPR-4 and discovered the largest hydrocarbon accumulation (9.6 bbl crude oil and 26 Tcf (trillion cubic feet) gas) in North America at Prudhoe Bay. Concerns for environmental impacts, including oil spills, led to the passing of the National Environmental Policy Act in 1969. In 1970, over 9 million acres were set aside, now known as the Arctic National Wildlife Range, and in 1971 the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act was passed by the U.S. Congress. The Arab oil embargo of 1973 heightened the energy crisis and changed the economic basis for further exploration in the Arctic. The convergence of these events dramatically changed the balance of power and the pace of activity in the North American Arctic.
Controversy and Consensus in Asteroid Systematics: New Insights to Ordinal and Familial Relationships1

Phylogenetic approaches have sparked controversy in asteroid systematics since 1987. Despite recent attempts at resolving these differences and evidence of some consensus, our understanding of relationships among asteroid taxa remains unsatisfactory. This paper presents results of an investigation into asteroid evolutionary history using DNA sequence data from mitochondrial transfer RNA and the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I genes analyzed with and without previously published ribosomal gene sequences. Analysis of these genes provides an assessment of familial relationships but does little to elucidate ordinal relationships. A basal position for the Paxillosida is not supported. However, close relationships of some velatid and valvatid taxa are upheld. The resulting phylogenies are not a definitive answer to controversies in asteroid systematics. However, with new insights to some asteroid relationships, they highlight the need for a redirection of future systematic studies so a consensus can be made.
Laparoscopy in children

Abstract Technological advances combined with increasing surgical and anaesthetic expertise have broadened the range of laparoscopic procedures presently being undertaken in children, from the neonatal period through to adolescence. It is therefore essential for surgeons undertaking laparoscopic procedures in children to be equipped not only with technical knowledge, but also to be familiar with the basic science which underpins this practice. In this article, emphasis is placed upon physiology, anatomical landmarks, the evidence base for laparoscopic procedures in children and the mode of action of commonly used energy sources.
Abstract A45: Signaling Events Associated with Cytoprotective Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase in a Photodynamic Therapy Model

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs a photosensitizing agent, molecular oxygen, and photosensitizer-exciting light to produce reactive oxygen species that lead to tumor eradication. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by tumor or tumor vasculature cells could be pro-carcinogenic by inhibiting apoptosis and/or promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth. We recently showed that photoactivation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-generated protoporphyrin IX in mitochondria of COH-BR1 breast tumor cells strongly upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and steady state NO level in these cells. Including the iNOS inhibitor 1400W during photochallenge dramatically enhanced caspase-9 activation and Annexin-assessed apoptotic cell killing while reducing NO production assessed by the intracellular NO probe DAF-2DA. Short hairpin RNA (ShRNA)-based iNOS knockdown (kd) produced similar results, confirming iNOS involvement. An apoptosis-promoting effect of iNOS inhibition was also observed when breast MDA-MB231 and prostate PC-3 cancer cells were subjected to ALA/light stress. We have now examined the signaling events associated with iNOS-mediated hyperresistance of COH-BR1 cells using a combination of immunocytochemistry, western blotting, immunoprecipitaion, and iNOS-kd methods. A soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor failed to stimulate ALA/light-provoked apoptosis, ruling out cGMP involvement in stress resistance. ALA/light activated PI3-kinase-dependent signaling via phosphorylation-inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN, leading to phosphorylation-activation of pro-survival Akt. Inhibition of PI3K by Wortmannin prevented ALA/light-induced Akt activation as well as iNOS upregulation while enhancing apoptotic photokilling. Moreover, photostress activation of PI3K/Akt was accompanied by a cytosol-to-nucleus translocation of the iNOS transcription factor NF-κB, and an inhibitor of NF-kB activation prevented iNOS induction while stimulating apoptosis. Furthermore, iNOS-kd as well as 1400W treatment resulted in intensified and more prolonged activation of MAP kinases JNK and p38α by ALA/light stress. In addition, photostressed iNOS-kd cells exhibited p53 upregulation and Survivin inactivation/downregulation. The following general mechanism of NO-based cytoprotection is suggested from these and related findings: Photostress activation of PI3K/Akt suppresses pro-apoptotic MAP kinases and p53 while upregulating/activating Survivin via NF-κB-mediated induction of iNOS/NO. This study provides important new insights into photostress-elicited pro-survival signaling that could reduce PDT effectiveness, and suggests iNOS inhibitor-based interventions for counteracting this. (Supported by NIH Grant CA70823 and a grant from the MCW Cancer Center.)
Value Migration: How to Think Several Moves Ahead of the Competition

The article reviews the book ‘Value Migration: How to Think Several Moves Ahead of the Competition,’ by Adrian J. Slywotzky.
A new type of extreme value distributions

Abstract The three classical pairs of extreme value distributions correspond to random variables with ranges of values unbounded from either one or both sides. Some applications of statistics of extremes, however, deal with variables, which are bounded on both sides (local values of specific fracture energy in crack diffusion theory is one such example). In this paper, we derive a fourth pair of extreme value distributions, which are supported on a finite segment (one for maxima and one for minima). First, we propose a derivation of the three known maximal value distributions, which lends itself to a generalization (everything is done for maxima, since transition to minima is standard). The derivation is then extended to a slightly more general setting, and the fourth distribution is obtained. It is explained that certain fact concerning groups of transformations of the real line prevents any further generalization, i.e. the extended list of extreme value distributions is complete. The three classical maximal value distributions can be obtained as limits of the new one. A possible criterion of when one may expect the new distribution to be more adequate than the Weibull distribution is offered. An illustrative numerical example is considered, in which the scatter of sample minima is modeled by both Weibull and the new distribution. Another example shows that when the modeling of data requires very high values of the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution, the new distribution may be expected to have much smaller “shape parameter” values. The modeling of experimentally observed scatter of crack arrest length, using the Weibull distribution, is compared to that using the new distribution.
A Comparison of Maps and Signs for Ordered and Unordered Navigation Tasks in Virtual Worlds

Online 3D virtual worlds have many exciting and contemporary uses such as for social interaction, teaching and training, entertainment, and even for the development of virtual businesses and economies. However, while these worlds are inhabited by a substantial number of users, navigation in virtual worlds is a challenge for many who visit them. In this paper, we describe an experiment to compare the use of signs and maps as aids for two navigation tasks: an unordered traversal of target locations, and an ordered traversal of target locations. We found that for both tasks, subjects located the targets while covering significantly less distance when using signs as opposed to a map (although this difference was more pronounced for the unordered traversal). While more research is necessary, these results are significant for those who design virtual worlds and suggest that augmenting worlds with signs can help users navigate more effectively.
The effects of home access to technology on computer skills: Evidence from a field experiment

Abstract Computer skills are important for educational and labor market success. This paper examines whether disparities in access to home computers are limiting the acquisition of computer skills. To address problems with selection bias, I use data from a randomized field experiment providing free computers for home use to community college students. I find that the treatment group of low-income students receiving free computers has significantly higher levels of computer skills than the control group of low-income students not receiving free computers. The “intent-to-treat” estimates indicate an increase in high-level computer skills of 17% points, and the LATE estimates indicate a range of 19–23% points. The results are robust to estimation strategy, measurement of the dependent variable, and inclusion of different sets of controls. The benefits appear to be the strongest among young, minority, low-income, and female students.
What Neural Correlates Underlie Successful Encoding and Retrieval? A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Using a Divided Attention Paradigm

If attention is divided during learning, memory suffers. Nevertheless, individuals can learn information with divided attention. This event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study (n 17) investigated what neural processes support (1) learning with divided attention and (2) retrieval of information learned with divided attention. Participants encoded words (Is the word abstract or concrete?) while performing an auditory discrimination task (press a button whenever an auditory pattern changes). The auditory task was easy or hard, depending on the similarity of the patterns. A behavioral study indicated that detailed (“recollective”) information was more likely to be present for words encoded with the easy versus the hard concurrent task. Words encoded with the hard versus the easy concurrent task, in contrast, were more likely to rely on less detailed (“familiarity”-based) information. fMRI revealed encoding-related activation in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) and left hippocampus that was linked to successful memory formation only for items encoded with the easy task. In contrast, activation in the right PFC and left parahippocampal gyrus was linked to successful memory for all items. Thus, successful encoding with the hard concurrent task was supported by a subset of the regions recruited for successful encoding with the easy task. The neural processes recruited for successful retrieval also depended on the encoding condition: The left PFC was disproportionately recruited for retrieval of items encoded with the easy task, whereas the right PFC was disproportionately recruited for retrieval of items encoded with the hard task. These findings may reflect left-sided specialization for recollective memories and right-sided specialization for familiarity-based traces.
Network coding and its implications on optical networking

Network coding allows for minimum-cost multicast that is fault-tolerant against a link failure. However, it is often possible to achieve the calculated minimum cost without actually performing coding operations at interior nodes.
FACTORS LIMITING BACTERIAL GROWTH VI. EQUATIONS DESCRIBING THE EARLY PERIODS OF INCREASE

Simple assumptions have led to equations by which the latent period in multiplication and the bacterial numbers expected at any time during the phase of rapid growth may be predicted. Experimental data obtained under rather diverse conditions have given satisfactory agreement with calculated values. Since the mathematical expressions contain no arbitrary constants, more than accidental significance must be attached to this agreement. The hypotheses set forth appear completely to describe the early development of Bacterium coli and Bacterium dysenteriae in broth, without postulating differences other than size among individual cells, or cells obtained under different conditions.
THE EFFECTS OF AIR IONS ON THE LIVING MAMMALIAN TRACHEA

Studies on the effects of air ions on the functional efficiency of the extirpated tracheal strip have been extended to the trachea of the living rabbit, rat, and mouse. Animals exposed to high mobility (+) air ions administered via a tracheotomy aperture displayed: (a) Decreased ciliary activity. (b) Decline in mucus flow rate, sometimes reversed by prolonged exposure to (+) ions; a frequent drop in the volume of mucous secretion. (c) Contraction of the membranous posterior tracheal wall. (d) Increased vulnerability to trauma of cilia and mucosal blood vessels. Similar treatment with (-) air ions reversed (+) ion effects on ciliary activity, mucus flow, contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle. Continued (-) ion treatment raised the ciliary rate (invariably) and the mucus flow rate (often) above their initial levels. (+) Air ions administered to unoperated resting mice and rats increased the respiratory rate; (-) ions reversed this effect. Long exposure of unoperated ambulatory mice to (+) air ions produced: (a) Decreased ciliary activity. (b) No clear cut effect on mucus flow. (c) Contraction of the posterior tracheal wall. (d) Increased vulnerability of the mucosa to trauma. (-) Air ions increased ciliary activity but had no clear-cut effect on the mucus flow rate.
Analysis of interference in a wireless link with frequency hopping

We analyze the effect of interference on traffic performance in a fixed wireless access system that uses frequency hopping (FH). The system consists of an access device that buffers traffic for transmission over N FH channels. The N FH channels are subject to random interference, hence characterized by different bit error rates (BERs). We show that, compared to a purely random FH, an adaptive FH that adjusts its hopping probabilities according to the interference condition of the target channel, can improve significantly the performance of the system, when this latter is subject to random interference. In addition, we develop an approximation methodology to model FH when interference is uniform or non-uniform throughout the N channels. By comparison to an exact analysis, the approximate models are shown to be quite accurate in evaluating system performance.
Farmers' Marginal Propensity to Consume: An Application to Illinois Grain Farms

The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for a sample of eighteen Illinois farms over the 1979–86 period is determined. Four consumption models were estimated using disposable household income plus depreciation as the measure of income. Estimated short-run MPCs ranged from 0.007 to 0.020, while long-run MPCs varied between 0.143 to 0.381. These results indicate farm family consumption responded little to changes in income and that the life cycle hypothesis model explains consumption significantly better than the other models. Robustness of the results is demonstrated using a larger sample of farms for 1986&87.
31-Norcycloartanol Fatty Acid Esters: Cholesteric Liquid Crystals from a Triterpene of Plant Origin

Abstract The triterpene 31-norcycloartanol, previously reported present in pollen of Taraxacum den leonis, was isolated from the ester fraction but not the free sterol fraction, of lipid extracts of this pollen. Even chain esters of this triterpene from the acetate to the palmitate were found to be mesomorphic. The acetate, butyrate, hexanoate and octanoate formed only a cholesteric mesophase while the decanoate, laurate, myristate and palmitate formed both smectic and cholesteric mesophases. Only the palmitate ester could be specifically detected by gas-liquid chromatography in the naturally occurring fraction, but the probability of other liquid crystalline forms in the complex ester mixture seemed very likely.
Patient characteristics and quality of life among a sample of Australian chronic pain clinic attendees

Background : Multidisciplinary chronic pain management programs have proliferated widely in recent decades. The clinical characteristics of patients attending these clinics are becoming the subject of increased research. Recent European data suggests that patients attending these clinics report very low quality of life. Aims: The present study profiles an Australian popu­lation in terms of demographics, clinical characteristics and quality of life, as measured by the Short Form 36 Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36). Methods: Data were collected prospectively from consecutive patients presenting to a multidisciplinary chronic pain clinic at a major Sydney metropolitan teaching ­hospital. Cross-sectional analysis of demographic and clin­ical characteristics and quality of life were then undertaken. Results: Descriptive analysis of demographics and clin­ical characteristics suggest a patient population group reporting significant pain severity and reduced quality of life. The comparison of SF-36 domain scores between clinic patients and Australian norm values indicates a greatly reduced score on all SF-36 domains for clinic patients. Pain clinic patients reported the most profound effect upon quality of life in the role physical, physical function and social function domains of the SF-36. Stepwise multiple regression indicated impaired coping ability and depressive disability as the most significant correlates of low quality of life. Conclusion: Patients who attend chronic pain clinics are likely to report low quality of life with an inability to cope. These findings suggest that future intervention research should explore the impacts of behavioural and self-management interventions. Psychological distress and ability to cope could be used as indices of improvement. (Intern Med J 2004; 34: 403−409)
Hsp90 inhibitors promote p53-dependent apoptosis through PUMA and Bax

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is widely overexpressed in cancer cells and believed to be essential for the maintenance of malignant phenotypes. Targeting Hsp90 by small molecules has shown promises in solid and hematological malignancies, which likely involves degradation of client oncoproteins in a cell-type specific manner. In this study, we found that structurally unrelated Hsp90 inhibitors induce DNA damage and apoptosis via p53-dependent induction of PUMA, which indirectly triggers Bax activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon cancer cells. Deficiency in PUMA, BAX, or p53 at lesser extent, abrogated 17AAG-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, and enhanced clonogenic cell survival. Furthermore, suppression of p53-dependent p21 induction or enhanced p53 activation synergized with 17AAG to induce PUMA-dependent apoptosis. Finally, PUMA was found to mediate apoptotic and therapeutic responses to the 17AAG analog 17DMAG in xenografts. These results demonstrate an important role of the p53/PUMA/Bax axis in Hsp90 inhibitor-induced killing of p53 WT cells, and have important implications for their clinical applications.
Correlation of minable coals of Illinois, Indiana, and Western Kentucky,

The numbers by which the principal coals of Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky are commonly known are a result of independent work by the geological surveys of these three states and for the most part do not correspond. Certain interstate correlations have been made during the last 75 or more years and much attention has been directed toward the correlation of coals within the individual states but no attempt has previously been made to effect a comprehensive correlation of the coals of the Eastern Interior basin as a whole. Of the 50-odd seams present 13 are mined, 6 in Illinois, 5 in western Kentucky, and 8 in Indiana. The most important coal is Harrisburg No. 5 of Illinois (= Kentucky No. 9 = Indiana V). The Herrin coal No. 6 of Illinois (= Kentucky No. 11) is second in importance. Less important widespread seams are Rock Island coal No. 1 of Illinois (= Minshall of Indiana) with which is tentatively correlated Murphysboro coal "No. 2" of Illinois (= Mannington of Kentucky), Colchester coal No. 2 of Illinois, and Danville coal No. 7 of Illinois (= Indiana VII). Coals important only in restricted areas are lower and upper Brazil blocks of Indiana, Coals III, IV, and VI of Indiana, Grape Creek coal of Illinois, and coals No. 12 and 14 of Kentucky.
Premature beats in atrioventricular rhythm.

Abstract Premature beats of atrial and ventricular origin disturbing A-V rhythm in man are reported and compared with observations made by others in the experimental animal. All premature beats were followed by noncompensatory pauses. In one instance evidence was obtained that the atrium was activated by the premature ventricular excitation. In a case of upper A-V rhythm the restored beat after a premature ventricular contraction showed merging of the P wave and the QRS complex. An identical phenomenon was observed in the experimental animal and interpreted as due to temporary improvement in the conductivity of His's bundle secondary to retrograde transmission of the premature ventricular impulse to the A-V pacemaker. Upright P waves in Leads II and III were observed in a case in which the sequence of ventricular and atrial contractions indicated the presence of lower A-V rhythm.
Does Prior Shoulder Surgery Negatively Impact Shoulder Arthroplasty Outcomes

Objectives: Several studies have shown a negative correlation between prior knee arthroscopy and ultimate knee arthroplasty outcomes compared to patients without prior arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prior shoulder surgery on patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) compared to patients without prior shoulder surgery.
Fostering Inter-Departmental Institutional Memory in the Nonprofit Sector: Borrowing Microtransaction Knowledge Strategies from a Successful U.S. Restaurant Chain

The purpose of this paper is to describe practices used for knowledge storing, sharing, and gathering across a shift-based organization where narratives may not overlap among other employees. The paper uses a case study to identify nine best practices used in a successful, family-owned chain restaurant in the southern United States, and illustrate how those practices might be useful in a nonprofit organization. These practices include consistent training procedures, routine plans for mundane work, cross-cultural/departmental communication strategies, staggered cross-staff notifications, visual conveyance of information, shift reports, and weekly management meetings.While the connection between a restaurant and a nonprofit organization may not seem readily apparent, a U.S. survey of fundraisers (n = 580) revealed the two industries have many traits in common. Both industries struggle with employee turnover, work with time-sensitive materials that require rapid turnaround, and act in highly competitive markets. I argue that the nonprofit sector may benefit from the procedures that this restaurant had in place to share the outcomes of their accomplishments and failures, and that a restaurant shift serves as a hyper-speed version of daily processes found in any organization, and that outcomes may be more readily observed due to the nature and number of events that occur between the business’s open and close. This paper aims to provide suggestion for issues of handling employee training amidst turnover, creating usable institutional memory, and building interpersonal trust among employees.
ACTIVE CONTROL OF AEROELASTIC DIVERGENCE

measurements gust states control surface deflections control aerodynamic lag states white noise forcing function generalized coordinates generalized coordinate aerodynamic lag states On forward-swept-wing aircraft, aerodynamic destiffening of the primary wing-bending mode can cause coupling with the short-period mode, potentially resulting in a low-frequency dynamic instability. For a clamped wing, this coupled mechanism degenerates into conventional static wing divergence. Studies of a fundamental analytical model of this mechanism show that active control of the clamped wing is possible only through the use of displacement feedback. Control laws for the clamped wing are evaluated and also assessed when body freedom is restored. Additionally, control laws are synthesized directly for a more refined representation of the unrestrained vehicle. CCV configurations are not
The Delay Phenomenon: A Compilation of Knowledge across Specialties.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to review and integrate the available literature in different fields to gain a better understanding of the basic physiology and optimize vascular delay as a ...
Z- and enantioselective ring-opening/cross-metathesis with enol ethers catalyzed by stereogenic-at-Ru carbenes: reactivity, selectivity, and Curtin-Hammett kinetics.

The first instances of Z- and enantioselective Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis are presented. Ring-opening/cross-metathesis (ROCM) reactions of oxabicyclic alkenes and enol ethers and a phenyl vinyl sulfide are promoted by 0.5–5.0 mol % of enantiomerically pure stereogenic-at-Ru complexes with an aryloxy chelate tethered to the N-heterocyclic carbene. Products are formed efficiently and with exceptional enantioselectivity (>98:2 enantiomer ratio). Surprisingly, the enantioselective ROCM reactions proceed with high Z selectivity (up to 98% Z). Moreover, reactions proceed with the opposite sense of enantioselectivity versus aryl olefins, which afford E isomers exclusively. Preliminary DFT calculations in support of Curtin–Hammett kinetics as well as initial models that account for the stereoselectivity levels and trends are provided.
The presence and determination of adenine nucleotide in human blood

Tungstic acid protein free blood filtrate was hydrolyzed with dilute mineral acid for two hours, then made strongly alkaline with ammonia and evaporated slowly to a small volume. After filtration, the filtrate was made alkaline with ammonia and precipitated with silver chloride in ammonia. The washed precipitate was decomposed and picric acid added. The resulting crystaline precipitate was purified and one analysis proved to have 29.3 per cent. nitrogen. It melted at 281 C. After removal of the picric acid, the residue proved to have approximately 38 per cent. nitrogen. It precipitated with gold chloride and ammoniacal silver. It gave no color with Nessler's solution and no blue color with alkaline phosphotungstate.Tungstic acid filtrate was precipitated with silver, the precipitate broken up and the filtrate precipitated with neutral lead acetate in acid solution. The lead precipitate was decomposed and then gave a strong pentrose reaction with orcin and an absorption band between the D and the E. With n...
Preparation and Characterization of Conjugated Polymers Made by Postpolymerization Reactions of Alternating Polyketones

Conjugated polymers possessing a poly(2,5-dimethylene-2,5-dihydrofuran) backbone were prepared through postpolymerization reaction of styrenic polyketones with bromine in one-pot reactions. The modification is proposed to proceed via condensation of two repeating units to form a fully characterized polymer with a poly(2,5-dimethylenetetrahydrofuran) backbone. Subsequent bromination and elimination of HBr yield a polymer with a fully conjugated carbon backbone. The new conjugated polymers were characterized by NMR, IR, and UV–vis spectroscopies and by CV. These polymers have strong absorption in the visible region, with the absorption peaks shifted to the NIR region upon doping with acids. The ease of the synthesis of the starting polyketone and of the modifications allows large-scale preparation of those conjugated polymers.
Bacterial endocarditis: antibiotic therapy.

Definitive therapy of bacterial endocarditis depends on knowledge of the infecting organism, which is gained by isolating the pathogen and establishing its sensitivity to available antibiotics.Pathogens chiefly responsible for bacterial endocarditis are sensitive to penicillin G. When penicillin G-resistant staphylococci or less frequently occurring pathogens are involved, other antibiotics are employed on the basis of the in vitro sensitivity of the organism to the antibiotics.The duration of therapy varies from two to eight weeks. Attainment of negative blood cultures, cessation of fever, and well-being of the patient usually indicate adequate therapy.
Disaster Prevention Literacy on Coping with Sudden Natural Disasters among College Students in Wenzhou City

[Objective] To describe the demographic characterizations, status of disaster prevention literacy on coping with sudden natural disasters, related impact factors, information sources, and demand among college students in Wenzhou City, and to provide basis for promoting college education on disaster prevention. [Methods] By multistage random sampling, 226 medical students and 201 non-medical students were selected from four colleges of two universities in Wenzhou City and enrolled in a questionnaire survey on sudden natural disaster prevention literacy. [Results] The overall level of disaster prevention literacy on coping with sudden natural disasters among the college students in Wenzhou City was 53.63%. The factors associated with higher knowledge scores of disaster prevention were gender(OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.180-2.890 for men vs. women), birth place(OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.240-0.510 for local students vs. non-local students), and college(OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.170-2.820 for medical students vs. non-medical students). The students preferred to obtain the knowledge by TV, lectures by experts, and short messages. Of the 427 students investigated, 94.38% reported that schools should provide disaster prevention education, and first-aid skills, in-disaster risk aversion, and post-disaster disease prevention were the leading three demanded information. [Conclusion] The college students in Wenzhou City show a low level of disaster prevention literacy on coping with sudden natural disasters. Therefore, college health education on accidental natural disasters is required to tackle this issue.
Convolution Quadrature for Wave Simulations

These notes develop the algorithmic aspects of convolution equations and their discretization by Convolution Quadrature, with an emphasis on the convolution equations that occur in the boundary integral equation formulation of wave scattering problems. The authors explore the development of CQ from a number of different perspectives. Clear algorithms for implementation of CQ are presented. A final example brings together the entire course to demonstrate the full discretization of a time domain boundary integral equation using Convolution Quadrature in time and a simple to program Nystrom flavored method in space.
Experimental Investigation of Heat Flux at the Head-Disk Interface in Hard Disk Drives

In hard disk drives (HDDs), Thermal Fly-Height Control (TFC) is used to control the head disk spacing for reading or writing data. In order to monitor the spacing and detect possible contacts between the head and disk, a resistive temperature sensor, called Touch-Down Sensor (TDS), is embedded in the slider near potential contact points of the slider against the disk. Understanding the mechanisms of heat transfer across the head-disk interface (HDI) is of major importance, because it is closely related to the design of HDDs, including lubricant flow and contact issues, especially for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) drives. In this paper, we conducted a series of experiments both on rotating and on non-rotating disks with TDS to find the cause of head temperature change and to validate the heat transfer theory based on phonon conduction. From the experiment, it is shown that air bearing cooling is not responsible for the cooling that occurs in the last nanometer before contact. Based on phonon conduction predictions, we should expect a decrease in slope of the non-contact curve as the spacing becomes less than 1 or 2 nm because of the strong increase in the heat flux due to phono conduction in this range.Copyright © 2016 by ASME