cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perception of Action Space: Using Multiple Frames of Reference

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by C.L. Colby, volume 16, pp. 11205–11209, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Research Experience on the DC House Project for Rural Electrification

The DC House project, initiated in 2010, aims to increase the low ratio of rural electrification in many developing countries around the world. The project incorporates technologies to enable the provision of low-power low-voltage residential dc electricity especially in geographically hard-to-reach areas utilizing mainly renewable energy sources. Since its inception, numerous ideas have stemmed out of this research project, and further established research partnerships with universities outside of the U.S. This paper summarizes the experience in the development of the DC House system by presenting examples of student projects. This paper will also present results and on-going activities with several universities as part of the international collaborative efforts on the DC House project.
Designing Magnetically Responsive Biohybrids Composed of Cord Blood-Derived Natural Killer Cells and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.

We report the generation of magnetically responsive, cord blood-derived natural killer (NK) cells using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). NK cells are a promising immune cell population for cancer ...
Retroperitoneal Abscess Caused by Mycobacterium Chelonae and Treatment

ObjectiveTo report a case of retroperitoneal abscess caused by Mycobacterium chelonae and treatment.DesignCase report.SettingPrivate community teaching hospital.PatientsA patient was admitted to the hospital following a gunshot to the flank. The bullet passed through the iliac crest and lodged in the abdomen.InterventionThe patient was treated with cefazolin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and amikacin at different times.OutcomeThe patient responded well to pharmacologic treatment and at 18-month follow-up, he is disease free.ConclusionsAntimicrobial agents with in vitro activity against M. chelonae, especially amikacin-containing regimens, are recommended for treating M. chelonae infection.
Going Back to College? Criminal Stigma in Higher Education Admissions in Northeastern U.S.

Access to education is a constant theme in discussions germane to correctional reform, particularly to reduce rule breaking while incarcerated and re-offending after release from prison. Focusing on the latter, we examine the extent to which education is accessible for individuals who have felonious non-violent records in the United States (US). We generated a stratified random sample of 85 institutions of higher education (IHE) in the northeastern US and analyzed emails from admission departments in response to inquiries about how a felony record would affect admissions decisions. Results from multivariate models indicate that the institution type (public vs. private) significantly predicts how an IHE would use an individual’s criminal history in admissions decisions. Public IHEs are less likely to consider criminal history when reviewing an individual’s application and IHEs with higher proportions of minority students are associated with reduced consideration of an applicant’s criminal history in admissions decisions.
New Insights into Collagen and Fibronectin Reciprocity during Extracellular Matrix Formation

In this issue of Chem, Paten et al. uncover contributions of the molecular interaction between fibronectin and collagen in matrix fibrillogenesis. This study brings us closer to understanding how extracellular matrix assembly occurs in the context of multiple proteins.
The Impact of the Content of Online Customer Reviews on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Yelp Reviews

As customers are increasingly participating in online product and service reviews, companies can leverage the content of those consumer reviews to improve or retain customer satisfaction. By using a panel data set collected from Yelp, this study empirically tests the effects of voting and sentiment of customer reviews on future customer satisfaction. The results show that cool votes on customer reviews have a positive impact on customer satisfaction in the next month. While average positive sentiment score has a positive effect on customer satisfaction of a restaurant, average negative score has a negative influence. In addition, the diversity of the sentiment scores moderates the effects of positive and negative sentiment scores on customer satisfaction. This research provides a nuanced understanding of how the content of online customer reviews affects customer satisfaction, an important indicator of the quality of service or product.
StarLego: Enabling Custom Physical-Layer Wireless over Commodity Devices

Improvement of wireless networking performance heavily depends on new wireless PHY-layer designs, which use to require modifications on the wireless PHY hardware. Such hardware modifications, however, could be expensive or difficult over commodity wireless devices, and becomes the major barrier between lab prototypes and actual wireless systems in use. In this paper, we envision that most of wireless PHY operations could be represented as varying the wireless signal's constellation point on the complex plane, and such new constellation points could be emulated from a commodity wireless MIMO device by mixing the multiple streams of its wireless signals in the air. Based on this insight, we design and implement StarLego, a wireless system that can produce custom wireless signals over commodity devices without hardware modification. StarLego is showcased by implementing a custom WiFi PHY preamble, and exhibits great promise to facilitate penetration of new wireless PHY techniques to existing wireless systems.
Visual short-term memory for overtly attended objects during infancy.

We investigated limitations in young infants' visual short-term memory (VSTM). We used a one-shot change detection task to ask whether 4- and 8.5-month-old infants (N = 59) automatically encode fixated items in VSTM. Our task included trials that consisted of the following sequence: first a brief (500 ms) presentation with a sample array of two items, next a brief (300 ms) delay period with a blank screen, and finally a test array (2,000 ms) identical to the sample array except that the color of one of the two items is changed. In Experiment 1, we induced infants to fixate one item by rotating it during the sample (the other item remained stationary). In Experiment 2, none of the items rotated. In both experiments, 4-month-old infants looked equally at the fixated item when it did and did not change color, providing no evidence that they encoded in VSTM the fixated item. In contrast, 8.5-month-old infants in Experiment 1 preferred the fixated item when it changed color from sample to test. Thus, 4-month-old infants do not appear to automatically encode fixated items in VSTM.
Amino-functionalized zirconocene (C5H4CH(Me)NMe2)2ZrCl2, a catalyst for the dehydropolymerization of PhSiH3: Probing of peripheral substituent effects on catalyst dehydropolymerization activity

Abstract The amino-functionalized metallocene (C5H4CH(Me)NMe2)2ZrCl2, [(CpN)2ZrCl2] was synthesized by salt metathesis of ZrCl4 and 2 equiv. of C5H4CH(Me)NMe2Li. The metallocene was obtained in good yield as a mixture of rac and meso diastereomers as established by NMR spectroscopy. The addition of 2 equiv. of n-BuLi to the metallocene (CpN)2ZrCl2 produced a co-catalyst system which was active, at a 1.0 mol% loading, in the dehydropolymerization of PhSiH3 to poly(phenylsilane), PPSi. The PPSi was obtained as a 9:1 linear–cyclic mixture (Mw=3850, Mn=2300) as established by GPC analysis; 29Si{1H} NMR spectroscopy revealed an atactic polymer microstructure.
Chiral symmetry in non-Hermitian systems: Product rule and Clifford algebra

Chiral symmetry provides the symmetry protection for a large class of topological edge states. It exists in non-Hermitian systems as well, and the same anticommutation relation between the Hamiltonian and a linear chiral operator, i.e., ${H,\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}=0$, now warrants a symmetric spectrum about the origin of the complex energy plane. Utilizing two general approaches to identify and generate chiral symmetry, we first show that its symmetry operator in non-Hermitian systems can go beyond simple spatial transformations such as parity or rotation and include imaginary gauge transformations in a systematic way. Furthermore, we reveal hidden non-Hermitian chiral symmetry and its associated particle-hole symmetry, where their operators take unfamiliar forms due to the presence of energy nonconserving elements. Finally, our implementation of non-Hermitian chiral symmetry in a topological lattice leads to an edge state with ``folded'' localization, where its tail is reflected by the opposite edge and resides on a separate sublattice.
Sit-to-Stand Kinetics and Correlates of Performance in Young and Older Males.

Abstract Purpose To compare sit-to-stand (STS) kinetics in young (YM) and older (OM) males and determine correlates of STS performance. Methods YM (n = 15, age = 20.7 ± 2.2 yrs) and OM (n = 15, age = 71.6 ± 3.9 yrs) performed a single STS task as quickly as possible on a force plate and the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) signal was analyzed. Peak VGRF, as well as peak (100 ms rolling average), early (minimum VGRF to 50% peak VGRF), late (50% peak VGRF to peak VGRF), and overall (minimum VGRF to peak VGRF) rate of force development (RFD) were calculated. Power (absolute and relative) and velocity parameters as well as rate of electromyography rise (RER) were also obtained. Results STS time, average power, early RFD, and lower limb lean mass were similar between groups (p > 0.05). All other power, velocity, RFD, and RER measures were lower in OM (p Conclusions Most kinetic variables, except absolute average power, were diminished in OM, and there was a preferential decrease in late RFD compared to early RFD. Peak VGRF and RFD exhibited stronger correlations with STS time and power in OM compared to YM, and early RFD appears to be more influential for STS performance than late RFD. These findings may be useful for practitioners/clinicians involved in designing interventions aimed at optimizing STS performance in older adults.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Renal Transplant Recipients Treated With IVIG for De Novo Donor-Specific Antibodies.

ABSTRACT Background Renal allograft survival is negatively affected by the development of de novo posttransplant donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA). We sought to determine whether treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) could remove or reduce the intensity of dnDSA. Methods A single-center study of 12 recipients with dnDSA and stable function who received IVIG 1 g/kg monthly for 6 months were compared with a contemporaneous cohort of 24 recipients with dnDSA who did not receive IVIG. Results The median time to first dnDSA was 6 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1-12), and follow-up was 83 months (IQR, 58-94) posttransplant. Resolution of dnDSA occurred in 27% of IVIG vs 46% of control recipients (P = .48). Fifty-eight percent of recipients in both cohorts demonstrated a reduction in the intensity of the dominant DSA at last follow-up (P =1.0). A reduction in the number of dnDSAs occurred in 58% vs 62% of the IVIG and control cohorts, respectively (P = .81). Post-dnDSA, acute rejection occurred in 8% of the IVIG vs 42% in the control group (P = .06). Forty-two percent of IVIG-treated vs 49% of control recipients had a deterioration in function from first dnDSA until most recent follow-up (P = .81). Actuarial graft survivals were equivalent between groups. Conclusions IVIG treatment of dnDSA in recipients with stable graft function had no impact on DSA clearance or MFI reduction, but this outcome may also be owing to sample size. Larger studies or alternate dosing regimens may be required to determine if there is any role for the use of IVIG as a treatment for dnDSA.
The Impact of Hospitalization for Diabetic Foot Infection on Health-Related Quality of Life: Utilizing PROMIS.

Abstract Diabetic foot infections (DFI) are an increasingly common cause of hospitalizations. Once hospitalized with DFI, many patients require some level of amputation, often undergoing multiple operations. With increasing importance on patient-centered metrics, self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) tools have been developed. This prospective cohort study aimed assessed the impact of DFI on HRQOL. Two hundred twenty-four patients completed the 29-item Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and 12-Item Short Form (SF-12) survey. Secondary outcomes using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measures survey were obtained and included in the analysis. The study group was comprised of hospitalized patients with DFIs (n = 120), and the control group was comprised of patients with diabetes who were evaluated for routine outpatient foot care (n = 104); diabetic foot screening, wound care, onychomycosis, and/or callosities. Using this cohort, a propensity score-matched sample of hospitalized patients with DFI (n = 35) and control group patients (n = 35) was created for comparative analysis. The 2-independent sample t test was used to test for group differences on each of the PROMIS subscale outcomes. Using PROMIS, we found that hospitalized patients with DFI reported significantly worse HRQOL in 6 of 7 subscales (physical function, anxiety, depression, fatigue, social role, pain intensity; p value range: .0001-.02) compared to outpatients with diabetes evaluated for routine foot care. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups on sleep disturbance (p = .22). Patients hospitalized for DFI report lower HRQOL compared to patients with diabetes receiving routine outpatient foot care.
Connecting a University to a Distant Neighborhood: Three Stages of Learning and Adaptation

The willingness on the part of university participants to listen attentively to community representatives is of great importance to successful collaborations. This article presents three phases of a university-community partnership between the Macedonia neighborhood in High Point, North Carolina, and the Center for the Study of Social Issues (CSSI) at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Although no professional network and neighborhood contacts were in place prior to this collaboration, the partnership addressed community needs by obtaining federal grant funding and by listening to the residents' concerns. Staff, students, and faculty overcame the challenges of inexperience and the difficulty of working with a neighborhood that was not located near the university. In various phases, the partnership moved away from a technical assistance approach to a self-help model. By actively engaging neighborhood residents through the Community Outreach Partnership Center (COPC), a learning and adaptation process occurred that resulted in successful university-community collaboration.
Stabilizing a nonlinear system with limited information feedback

This paper is concerned with the problem of stabilizing a nonlinear continuous-time system by using sampled encoded measurements of the state. We demonstrate that global asymptotic stabilization is possible if a suitable relationship holds between the number of values taken by the encoder, the sampling period, and a system parameter, provided that a feedback law achieving input-to-state stability with respect to measurement errors can be found.
Deliberation and Dissent: 12 Angry Men versus the Empirical Reality of Juries

12 Angry Men is one of my favorite films, a movie I’ve seen many times and have enjoyed sharing with family, friends, and students. I watched it again recently with my thirteen-year-old son. Despite the movie’s melodramatic dialogue, dated stereotypes, and Freudian allusions, my son thought it was “pretty good.” What, I ask, was most interesting about it? “In the beginning almost all of them thought he was guilty, but in the end he was found not guilty. And he could have done it, you don’t know. But if you don’t know, you’ve got to vote not guilty.” The dramatic turnaround in the jury room is also part of its great appeal to me, as is the whodunit question that is left dangling at the end. The lonely dissenter played by Henry Fonda, who insists that the jury talk about the evidence before he will agree to convict, produces heated exchange and debate. In the process of their collective reasoning about the evidence, alternative accounts emerge, ones that individual jurors had not considered earlier. Jurors who were initially certain become uncertain, then switch to the other side. The movie’s dramatic enactment of the jury’s discussion shows the power of the dissenter and illustrates the great promise of group deliberation. It also emphasizes the point that in our system of justice, uncertainty about guilt means acquittal. Fifty years later, the movie still appeals, as evidenced by this anniversary issue of the Chicago-Kent Law Review. It is used in classrooms to help
Interest Rate Futures and Forward Rate Agreements

Interest rate derivatives include interest rate futures, forward rate agreements, interest rate swaps, interest rate options, and interest rate caps and floors. Interest rate derivatives can be used to control the interest rate risk of a portfolio or financial institution, to speculate on the future level of interest rates or the change in the shape of the yield curve, or to hedge future borrowing costs. These instruments can be either exchange traded or traded in the over-the-counter market. Interest rate futures are exchange-traded; options can be exchange traded or traded in the over-the-counter market, so-called dealer options. The other interest rate derivatives are traded in the over-the-counter market. Exchange-traded futures on interest rates are classified by the maturity of the underlying interest rate: short-term contracts (Eurodollar futures, Fed funds futures) and long-term contracts (Treasury bond and note futures, swap futures, and municipal bond futures). A forward rate agreement is an over-the-counter derivative instrument which is essentially a forward-starting loan, but with no exchange of principal, so the cash exchanged between the counterparties depend only on the difference in interest rates. Keywords: derivatives; notional amount; Eurodollar futures; Fed funds futures; Treasury bond futures; Treasury note futures contract; cheapest-to-deliver issue; delivery options; quality or swap option; timing option; wildcard option; swap futures contract; municipal bond futures; forward rate agreement
Roving Faster Farther Cheaper

Current Mars rovers travel a few kilometers per year. Future rovers will need to travel a couple orders of magnitude faster than that in order to move from safe landing zones to areas of scientific interest – which may be many 10s of kilometers away from a suitable landing location. This paper describes a recent field test of the SR-II rover. SR-II is a 22kg solar powered autonomous rover, which during a week long traverse through rough Mars-like terrain was able to cover almost a kilometer per day.
The hospital as a therapeutic instrument.

(1958). The Hospital as a Therapeutic Instrument. Psychiatry: Vol. 21, Dedicated to the Memory of Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, pp. 29-35.
Forssman Glycolipid Variants of Dog Gastric Mucosa

A fucose-containing ceramide octasaccharide exhibiting Forssman antigenic activity, and reacting in human H anti-H and anti-A systems, was isolated from water-soluble glycolipids of dog gastric mucosa. Defucosylation of the glycolipid resulted in the loss of H-activity, but had no effect on its Forssman nor blood-group A antigenic activity. The branched structure of glycolipid was identified by partial acid hydrolysis, sequential degradation with specific glycosidases and comparison of the permethylation products of the native and enzyme-degraded compound. The structure of this glycolipid is proposed to be:
Host Specificity of a Parasitic Fluke: Is Posthodiplostomum minimum a Centrarchid-Infecting Generalist or Specialist?

Abstract: Parasite host specificity has important implications for species diversity estimates, food web dynamics, and host shifts. “White grub” is the metacercaria stage of a fluke (Posthodiplostomum minimum) that occurs in many fish species, but no attempt has been made to quantify variation in host use by this worm. Here we used 2 approaches to evaluate host specificity within the strain that infects centrarchids (P. minimum centrarchi). First, we measured parasite loads in 2 centrarchid hosts, bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and white crappie (Pomoxis annularis), from Spring Lake in McDonough County, Illinois. We found that infection levels differed significantly between these hosts. Prevalence in bluegill was 100% and the median intensity was 940 metacercariae, but only 57% of white crappie were infected (median intensity = 4). Site specificity of white grub also differed significantly between the 2 hosts. In bluegills, kidneys were most heavily infected, whereas in white crappies, livers harbored th...
New combination treatments in the management of diabetes: focus on sitagliptin-metformin

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent condition worldwide. The complications of this disease are known to significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of those affected, resulting in substantial direct and indirect costs. Although good glycemic control has been shown to reduce the incidence and progression of diabetes-related microvascular complications, blood glucose levels are not adequately controlled in most individuals with diabetes. The reasons for this are many, and include issues such as poor adherence to complex medication regimes; costs of prescribed therapies; and the failure of traditionally prescribed medications to preserve beta cell function over time. However, our armamentarium of glucose-lowering drugs has expanded recently with the development of medications that act via the incretin pathway. Sitagliptin, the first commercially available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, inhibits the metabolism and inactivation of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP. The subsequent elevation in levels of these hormones and associated prolongation of their actions has been shown to increase insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion in a glucose-appropriate fashion. Sitagliptin therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes has been found to lower significantly hemoglobin A1c (Hb1c) levels with a minimum of adverse side effects such as weight gain or hypoglycemia. Use of sitagliptin in conjunction with the insulin-sensitizing medication metformin has been shown to decrease HbAlc levels more significantly than does either drug alone. This combination of medications is generally well tolerated, with no adverse effects on weight and a very low likelihood of treatment-related hypoglycemia. Use of both drugs will positively affect many of the underlying metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes, including the disordered secretion of insulin and glucagon as well as impaired sensitivity to insulin which are known to accompany this disease. Animal studies also suggest that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor treatment may help to preserve beta cell mass; however, it is unclear at present whether or not this will prove to be the case in humans.
Collagen in developing chick muscle in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract Because of the known role of collagen in chick skeletal muscle differentiation the collagen synthesized by embryonic chick muscle was studied. The major collagen synthesized by this muscle was found to be type I collagen. In addition, the effectiveness of types I, II, III and IV collagens in promoting myoblast fusion in vitro was compared. These collagens were found to be equally effective as in vitro substrates.
NF-κB Down-regulates Expression of the B-lymphoma Marker CD10 through a miR-155/PU.1 Pathway

Cell-surface protein CD10 is a prognostic marker for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), where high expression of CD10 is found in the germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype and CD10 expression is low or absent in the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype. As compared with the GCB subtype, patients with ABC DLBCL have a poorer prognosis after standard treatment, and ABC tumor cells have higher NF-κB activity. Herein, we show that increased expression of the NF-κB target micro-RNA miR-155 is correlated with reduced expression of transcription factor PU.1 and CD10 in several B-lymphoma cell lines. Moreover, electromobility shift assays and luciferase reporter assays indicate that PU.1 can directly activate expression from the CD10 promoter. Expression of a DLBCL-derived mutant of the adaptor CARD11 (a constitutive activator of NF-κB) in the GCB-like human BJAB cell line or v-Rel in the chicken DT40 B-lymphoma cell line causes reduced expression of PU.1. The CARD11 mutant also causes a decrease in CD10 levels in BJAB cells. Similarly, overexpression of miR-155, which is known to down-regulate PU.1, leads to reduced expression of CD10 in BJAB cells. Finally, we show that CD10 expression is reduced in BJAB cells after treatment with the NF-κB inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, miR-155 is induced by LPS treatment or expression of the CARD11 mutant in BJAB cells. These results point to an NF-κB-dependent mechanism for down-regulation of CD10 in B-cell lymphoma: namely, that increased NF-κB activity leads to increased miR-155, which results in decreased PU.1, and consequently reduced CD10 mRNA and protein.
A novel suboptimal algorithm for state estimation of Markov jump linear systems

This paper is concerned with state estimation problem for Markov jump linear systems where the disturbances involved in the systems equations and measurement equations are assumed to be Gaussian noise sequences. Based on two properties of conditional expectation, orthogonal projective theorem is applied to the state estimation problem of the considered systems so that a novel suboptimal algorithm is obtained. The novelty of the algorithm lies in using orthogonal projective theorem instead of Kalman filters to estimate the state. A numerical comparison of the algorithm with the interacting multiple model algorithm is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Anthropogenic sounds differentially affect amphibian call rate

The effects of airplane flyby noise and playbacks of low-frequency motorcycle sounds on calling activity were examined in a mixed-species anuran calling assemblage in central Thailand. In response to these stimuli, three of the most acoustically active pond-edge species (Microhyla butleri, Rana nigrovittata and Kaloula pulchra) significantly decreased their calling rate. Yet under the identical stimulus regime, Rana taipehensis consistently increased its calling rate. Moreover, during the occasional natural lulls in the chorus in which males collectively stop calling, resulting in a conspicuous reduction in chorus intensity, calls of R. taipehensis would appear to emerge from the background noise. These results suggest that man-made acoustic interference may affect anuran chorus behavior either directly by modulating call rates of the chorus participants or indirectly, by suppressing calling behavior of one set of species which in turn stimulates calling in other species. The results of our playback experiment coupled with the natural calling behavior of these species support the latter hypothesis.
Thermal modeling of heat dissipation in the pen branch delta using thermal infrared imagery

Abstract Thermal infrared imagery of the Pen Branch delta on the Savannah River Plant near Aiken, South Carolina, USA, were obtained on 12 March 1983 and 6 April 1984 during flood and non‐flood conditions. These data were registered to one another and then analyzed using digital image processing techniques to: (1) compute the rate of temperature change as the thermal effluent progressed downstream using transect techniques, and (2) mathematically model the spatial distribution of the thermal effluent using fourth and seventh‐order trend surfaces. These two mathematical expressions of the thermal data allowed more effective understanding of how the temperature of the thermal effluent changed as it progressed through the Pen Branch delta hydrologic system.
Helium-induced weld cracking in austenitic and martensitic steels

Helium was uniformly implanted into type 316 stainless steel and Sandvik HT-9 (12Cr-1 MoVW) to levels of 0.18 to 256 and 0.3 to 1 a.p.p.m., respectively, using the “tritium trick” technique. Autogenous bead-on-plate, full penetration, welds were then produced under fully constrained conditions using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The control and hydrogen-charged plates of both alloys were sound and free of any weld defects. For the 316 stainless steel, catastrophic intergranular fracture occurred in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welds with helium levels ≥2.5 a.p.p.m. In addition to the HAZ cracking, brittle fracture along the centreline of the fusion zone was also observed for the welds containing greater than 100 a.p.p.m. He. For HT-9, intergranular cracking occurred in the HAZ along prior-austenite grain boundaries of welds containing 1 a.p.p.m. He. Electron microscopy observations showed that the cracking in the HAZ originated from the growth and coalescence of grain-boundary helium bubbles and that the fusion-zone cracking resulted from the growth of helium bubbles at dendrite boundaries. The bubble growth kinetics in the HAZ is dominated by stress-induced diffusion of vacancies into bubbles. Results of this study indicate that the use of conventional GTAW techniques to repair irradiation-degraded materials containing even small amounts of helium may be difficult.
A systematic review of behavioral interventions to promote intake of fruit and vegetables.

Abstract Fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake in the United States remains below recommended levels despite evidence of the health benefits of regular consumption. Efforts to increase F/V intake include behavior-based interventions. A systematic review of MEDLINE PubMed and PsycINFO databases (2005–2010) was conducted to identify behavior-based intervention trials designed to promote F/V intake. Using predetermined limits and selection criteria, 34 studies were identified for inclusion. Behavior-based interventions resulted in an average increase in F/V intake of +1.13 and +0.39 servings per day in adults and children, respectively. Interventions involving minority adults or low-income participants demonstrated average increases in daily F/V consumption of +0.97 servings/day, whereas worksite interventions averaged +0.8 servings/day. Achieving and sustaining F/V intake at recommended levels of intake across the population cannot be achieved through behavior-based interventions alone. Thus, efforts to combine these interventions with other approaches including social marketing, behavioral economics approaches, and technology-based behavior change models should be tested to ensure goals are met and sustained.
The Effect of Surface Roughness on the Wear of Low-Density Polyethylene

The wear of low-density polyethylene on steel was studied as a function of the roughness of the steel surface and the sliding speed. The wear rate was found to increase as the speed and roughness increased. The mechanism of wear on surfaces with an Ra roughness of 0.065 μm was shown by SEM photos to be film formation and subsequent film breakup and debris formation. On surfaces with an Ra of 1.16 μm roughness, wear was primarily abrasive as evidenced by large wear particles and minimal film formation. The effect of sliding speed was to accelerate the film formation or abrasive wear rather than alter the wear mechanism. The tendency for film formation was correlated with the surface parameters of skewness and kurtosis. Presented at the 34th Annual Meeting in St. Louis, Missouri, April 30–May 3, 1979
Ethical and Professional Considerations Providing Medical Evaluation and Care to Refugee Asylum Seekers

A significant number of asylum seekers who largely survived torture live in the United States. Asylum seekers have complex social and medical problems with significant barriers to health care access. When evaluating and providing care for survivors, health providers face important challenges regarding medical ethics and professional codes. We review ethical concerns in regard to accountability, the patient–physician relationship, and moral responsibilities to offer health care irrespective of patient legal status; competing professional responsibility toward society and the judiciary system; concerns about the consistency of asylum seekers’ claims; ethical concerns surrounding involving trainees and researching within the evaluation setting; and the implication of broader societal views towards rights and social justice. We discuss contributing factors, including inadequate and insufficient provider training, varying and inadequate institutional commitment, asylum seekers’ significant medical and social p...
A pseudopotential theory for self-diffusion in cubic metals

Abstract A simple model for vacancy self-diffusion in metals is used to formulate the migration energy in terms of pseudopotential theory. Applications are made to Al, Li, Na, and K using local pseudopotentials. The results are in especially close agreement with experiment for Al, where the vacancy diffusion mechanism is known to occur.
Low-Power Wireless Power Delivery

This paper addresses design and implementation of integrated rectifier-antennas (rectennas) for wireless powering at low incident power densities, from 25 to 200 μW/cm2. Source-pull nonlinear measurement of the rectifying devices is compared to harmonic-balance simulations. Optimal diode RF and dc impedances for most efficient rectification, as a function of input power, are obtained. This allows optimized antenna design, which can eliminate or simplify matching networks and improve overall efficiency. As an example of the design methodology, Schottky diodes were characterized at 1.96 GHz and an antenna is matched to the optimal complex impedance for the most efficient rectifier. For incident power density range of interest, the optimal impedance is 137 + j149 Ω, with an RF to dc conversion efficiency of the rectifying circuit alone of 63% and total rectenna efficiency of 54%.
Contributions of Dynamic Systems Theory to Cognitive Development

We examine the contributions of dynamic systems theory to the field of cognitive development, focusing on modeling using dynamic neural fields. After introducing central concepts of dynamic field theory (DFT), we probe empirical predictions and findings around two examples—the DFT of infant perseverative reaching that explains Piaget's A-not-B error and the DFT of spatial memory that explain changes in spatial cognition in early development. Review of the literature around these examples reveals that computational modeling is having an impact on empirical research in cognitive development; however, this impact does not extend to neural and clinical research. Moreover, there is a tendency for researchers to interpret models narrowly, anchoring them to specific tasks. We conclude on an optimistic note, encouraging both theoreticians and experimentalists to work toward a more theory-driven future.
The role of tyrosine phosphorylation in angiotensin II mediated intracellular signaling and cell growth.

Most cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells and rat kidney mesangial cells, are controlled mainly by two types of cell surface receptors: (a) single membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase receptors for growth factors and (b) seven-transmembrane G-protein linked receptors for vasoactive peptides such as angiotensin II, vasopressin, and endothelin. These vasoactive peptide hormones also act as growth factors in normal and abnormal cell development. However, in contrast to the growth factor receptors (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor), the G-protein linked receptors, such as the angiotensin II AT1 receptor, lack cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domains. Nevertheless, angiotensin II has recently been demonstrated to cause increased tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous proteins in several cellular systems. For example, angiotensin II has been reported to induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of the γ-isoform of phospholipase C, pp120, pp125FAK, and members of the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Furthermore, angiotensin II seems to modulate the activity of the soluble cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase pp60c-src, and this tyrosine kinase has been implicated in the phosphorylation of some of the above proteins. Understanding the biochemistry of tyrosine phosphorylation involved in G-protein coupled receptors, such as the AT1 receptor, may therefore lead to the development of new pharmacological interventions important in cardiovascular diseases.
Data input by voice

Abstract A summary of the major advantages and disadvantages of data entry to computers by voice, with consideration given to the current state of the technology is presented. The results of industrial experience on short term input capabilities of a particular system are reported. Finally, the results of productive use on a computerized system are described.
The impact of self-efficacy on wealth accumulation and portfolio choice

Self-efficacy is a psychological construct based on the evaluations of one's ability to accomplish certain behaviours or achieve certain outcomes (Bandura, 1977). Although self-efficacy has been linked to health, task accomplishment, greater socio-economic status and income (Seeman and Seeman, 1983; Stretcher et al., 1986; Gecas and Seff, 1990; Judge et al., 2002; Zagorsky, 2007), there has been no study that investigates whether self-efficacy is also a predictor of greater wealth creation over a specific period of time. Applying a theoretical framework based on self-efficacy, this article investigates household financial behaviours using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) data-set. For the purpose of this study, change in wealth across time and financial market participation is modelled as a function of socio-economic and demographic variables drawn from prior literature. Findings from this research reveal that self-efficacy is indeed a predictor of investment for financial assets and is ...
Chemical weathering in a tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico III: quartz dissolution rates

The paucity of weathering rates for quartz in the natural environment stems both from the slow rate at which quartz dissolves and the difficulty in differentiating solute Si contributed by quartz from that derived from other silicate minerals. This study, a first effort in quantifying natural rates of quartz dissolution, takes advantage of extremely rapid tropical weathering, simple regolith mineralogy, and detailed information on hydrologic and chemical transport. Quartz abundances and grain sizes are relatively constant with depth in a thick saprolite. Limited quartz dissolution is indicated by solution rounding of primary angularity and by the formation of etch pits. A low correlation of surface area (0.14 and 0.42 m2 g−1) with grain size indicates that internal microfractures and pitting are the principal contributors to total surface area. Pore water silica concentration increases linearly with depth. On a molar basis, between one and three quarters of pore water silica is derived from quartz with the remainder contributed from biotite weathering. Average solute Si remains thermodynamically undersaturated with respect to recently revised estimates of quartz solubility ( 17–81 μM). Etch pitting is more abundant on grains in the upper saprolite and is associated with pore waters lower in dissolved silica. Rate constants describing quartz dissolution increase with decreasing depth (from 10−14.5–10−15.1 mol m−2 s−1), which correlate with both greater thermodynamic undersaturation and increasing etch pit densities. Unlike for many aluminosilicates, the calculated natural weathering rates of quartz fall slightly below the rate constants previously reported for experimental studies (10−12.4–10−14.2 mol m−2 s−1). This agreement reflects the structural simplicity of quartz, dilute solutes, and near-hydrologic saturation.
Development of the blood-nerve barrier in neonatal rats.

The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) is constituted by the perineurium and the endothelium of endoneurial microvessels. We investigated the age at which the vascular component of BNB function is established in the rat and the ultrastructural modifications accompanying changes in permeability. BNB permeability was assessed with injections of Evans blue albumin (EBA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in rats of different ages. Sciatic nerve sections were studied using fluorescence and electron microscopy. Nerves from animals injected with EBA indicated that the BNB is not functional before 13 days of life but that its function is established by 16 days. These results were confirmed by electron microscope examination of nerve sections from animals injected with HRP, which showed clefts between the endothelial cells of endoneurial vessels in young rats. In rats over 18 days, these clefts were occluded by tight junctions, which prevented HRP from leaving the vessel lumen and conferred BNB function. Systematic morphometric analysis of nerves from different age groups allowed the establishment of baseline normal histologic neural development with age.
Orofacial Lipomas Diagnosed by CT and MRI

Oral lipomas buried deep in soft tissues can be difficult to diagnose clinically. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can aid the diagnosis of this rare oral lipoma.
The conversion of car☐ylic acids to keto phosphorane precursors of 1,2,3-vicinal tricarbonyl compounds

Abstract Acyl phosphoranylidines react with acid chlorides or anhydrides in the presence of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA), or couple directly with car☐ylic acids activated by EDCI to give keto phosphoranes 1 .
170 PULMONARY FUNCTION IN RELATION TO EARLY DEXAMETHASONE TREATMENT IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW) INTUBATED INFANTS

To determine the changes in pulmonary function before and during dexamethasone (D) therapy in VLBW ventilator dependent infants at high risk for chronic lung disease (CLD), we are conducting a randomized study in infants that failed weaning from mechanical ventilation at 7-14 days of age; 15 patients (bw 620-1000g, ga 25-30 weeks) have been enrolled; 7 infants received a 7 day course of D (0.5mg/Kg/day IV for 3 days, 0.25 mg/Kg/day for 3 days and 0.1 mg/Kg/day for 1 day), and 8 patients were controls(C). At comparable mean airway pressure and FIO2, respiratory compliance (Crs) and resistance (Rrs) were measured before and on days 2, 5 and 7 of D therapy (PeDS). We monitored airway pressure, flew and tidal volume (VT) and analyzed only mechanical breaths. D therapy was associated with a significant reduction of FIO2 and mean airway pressure, a temporary increase in BP was noted in two patients. We conclude that early D therapy in VLBW infants markedly improves Crs and VT, a decrease in Rrs is also observed.
The involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors in sensory transmission in dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord

Abstract The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the processing of somatosensory information was studied in dorsal horn neurons of the rat spinal cord. Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors by local iontophoresis of (1 S ,3 R )-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid resulted in an increased response of dorsal horn neurons to ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists ( N -methyl- d -aspartate and kainic acid) applied by iontophoresis. Greater amounts of 1 S ,3 R -1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, ejected at high iontophoresis currents, directly excited dorsal horn neurons. Application of (1 S ,3 R )-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid also led to a significant increase in responses to innocuous (brush, pressure) but not in responses to noxious (pinch, squeeze) mechanical stimulation. The excitatory effects of (1 S ,3 R )-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid were selectively blocked by ( S )-4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl-glycine, an antinociceptive phenylglycine derivative which is a selective group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, confirming the involvement of these receptors. In wide dynamic range neurons, wind-up, the progressive potentiation of C-fibre-evoked responses during a train of stimuli, was increased by iontophoretic application of (1 S ,3 R )-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid or decreased by iontophoresis of ( S )-4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl-glycine without significant change in the C-fibre input. The results suggest an interaction between metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Metabotropic glutamate receptors proved to be involved in the frequency-dependent potentiation of C-fibre responses possibly via modulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. The long-lasting effects of (1 S ,3 R )-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid on wind-up and on responses to peripheral mechanical stimuli strongly support the view that metabotropic glutamate receptors in these neurons may play a significant role in spinal synaptic plasticity, and therefore, may contribute to the central sensitization during mechanical hyperalgesia.
Experimental results on trapping a gun plasma in a toroidal magnetic cusp experiment

LBL-10453 Rev • .Preprint Physics ON TRAPPING A GUN PLASMA IN CUSP EXPERIMENT Myers , M.A.. Levine , .A. Niland, and L. Soroka TWO-WEEK LOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. copy call For a persona I Tech. Info. Division; Ext 6782. y Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098
Filipin-sterol complexes in the membranes of cardiac muscle.

Filipin—cholesterol complexes which are visible in freeze-fracture preparations were used as a probe to explore special domains in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), the plasmalemma, and other membranes of mouse and finch cardiac muscle. The question was especially raised as to whether or not a predilection of filipin—cholesterol complexes for the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum could be established in cardiac muscle as it was found to exist in skeletal muscle. No such predilection was discovered. Filipin—cholesterol complexes were observed mainly in the plasmalemma, in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and in mitochondria of cardiac muscle cells. In the SR they were very rare. In the sarcolemma they occurred in patches while, sometimes, they densely populated the entire cell surface.
Cyst-like Cortical Defects Following Fractures in Children*

Cyst-like cortical defects appearing a few weeks after a greenstick fracture in the undamaged part of the radius were observed in 9 children. Five children showed multiple lesions. These radiolucent cyst-like defects 2.4 to 48 mm proximal to the fracture line seemed to be situated within the zone of periosteal reaction. The diameter of the cyst-like defects varied from 3 to 7 mm, usually they were rounded or slightly oval. Fracture healing was unaffected. In three of the patients the lesions had disappeared one to three years later. We are convinced that these benign lesions are resorption cysts within the excessive periosteal reaction and related to the subperiosteal hematoma accompaning the greenstick fractures.