cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of processing on the nutritional value of guar meal for broiler chicks.

Synopsis Guar meal contains two factors which are detrimental to the growth rate and food conversion of chicks. One of the factors is the trypsin inhibitor which can be destroyed by cooking the raw guar meal for a period of 1 hr at a temperature of 110° C. with the injection of super‐heated steam for a period of 15 min. after the cooker attains a temperature of 110°C. The second deterimental factor in guar meal is the guar gum which causes a depression in growth and sticky droppings when the total level of the gum in the diet exceeds 1.8 per cent. The usage of heated guar meal in chick diets is apparently limited by the gum content of the meal. Pectinase, an enzyme preparation added to a chick ration which contained 15 per cent processed guar meal, produced an increase in the weight gain of chicks fed the ration over those fed 15 per cent processed guar meal. Hypertrophy of the pancreas resulted in the chicks fed 20 and 30 per cent processed guar meal and in all groups fed raw guar meal.
The dynamic greenhouse: Feedback processes that may influence future concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and climatic change

The sensitivity of the climate system to anthropogenic perturbations over the next century will be determined by a combination of feedbacks that amplify or damp the direct radiative effects of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases. A number of important geophysical climate feedbacks, such as changes in water vapor, clouds, and sea ice albedo, are included in current climate models, but biogeochemical feedbacks such as changes in methane emissions, ocean CO2 uptake, and vegetation albedo are generally neglected. The relative importance of a wide range of feedbacks is assessed here by estimating the gain associated with each individual process. The gain from biogeochemical feedbacks is estimated to be 0.05–0.29 compared to 0.17–0.77 for geophysical climate feedbacks. The potentially most significant biogeochemical feedbacks are probably release of methane hydrates, changes in ocean chemistry, biology, and circulation, and changes in the albedo of the global vegetation. While each of these feedbacks is modest compared to the water vapor feedback, the biogeochemical feedbacks in combination have the potential to substantially increase the climate change associated with any given initial forcing.
Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds: IV. In vitro and in vivo deficiency of the methylation of arsenite and monomethylarsonic acid in the guinea pig.

Abstract Using an in vitro assay which measures the transfer of a radiolabeled methyl moiety of S-[methyl-3H]adenosylmethionine ([3H]SAM) to arsenite or monomethylarsonate (MMA) to yield [methyl-3H]MMA or [methyl-3H]dimethylarsinate (DMA) respectively, guinea pig liver cytosol was found to be deficient in the enzyme activities which methylate these substrates. Moreover, when guinea pigs were given a single intraperitoneal dose of [73As]arsenate (400 μg/kg body weight, 25 μCi/kg body weight), very little or no methylated arsenic species were detected in the urine after cation exchange chromatography. The urine collected 0–12 h after arsenate injection contained 98% inorganic arsenic and less than 1% DMA. No MMA was detected in the 0–12 h urine. Urine collected 12–24 h after injection contained approximately 93% inorganic arsenic, 2% MMA and 3% DMA in five of the six animals studied. However, in the 12–24 h urine of one guinea pig, 17% of the radioactivity was DMA, 80% was inorganic arsenic and 3% was MMA. The guinea pig, like the marmoset and tamarin monkeys and unlike most other animals studied thus far, appears to be deficient as far as the enzyme activities that methylate inorganic arsenite. The results of these experiments suggest that there maybe a genetic polymorphism associated with the enzymes that methylate inorganic arsenite.
Diachronic Substance Use Assessment and the Emergence of Substance Use Disorders

SUMMARY Substance use is a complex phenomenon that changes during the natural history of consumption. Relevant parameters encompass age of initiation, type and amount of drug consumed per episode, and problems resulting from substance consumption. Comprehensive developmental assessment of substance involvement is thus a prerequisite for conducting rigorous research designed to advance understanding of the progression of substance use behavior to a substance use disorder (SUD). At the Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research, a protocol has been developed for detailed temporal assessment of substance involvement. This article describes the evaluation procedures. The diachronic assessment protocol described herein has yielded several important findings pertaining to substance use behavior and SUD.
Current-driven plasma instabilities in superconducting systems

Abstract Experimental evidence is presented for the existence of a current-driven plasma instability in superconducting films. Anomalous dissipation has been observed in a current-carrying superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 microbridge film which is separated from a superconducting tin film by an insulating spacer layer. This is consistent with the instability predicted for a system of two superconductors separated by an ideal interface and carrying oppositely directed currents. New calculations show that in spite of the presence of the insulating layer, the instability should still occur due to proximity effects.
Effects of six warm-up protocols on sprint and jump performance.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 6 warm-up protocols, with and without stretches, on 2 different power maneuvers: a 30-m sprint run and a vertical countermovement jump (CJ). The 6 protocols were: (a) walk plus run (WR); (b) WR plus exercises including small jumps (EJ); (c) WR plus dynamic active stretch plus exercises with small jumps (DAEJ); (d) WR plus dynamic active stretch (DA); (e) WR plus static stretch plus exercises with small jumps (SSEJ); and (f) WR plus static stretch (SS). Twenty-six college-age men (n = 14) and women (n = 12) performed each of 6 randomly ordered exercise routines prior to randomly ordered sprint and vertical jump field tests; each routine and subsequent tests were performed on separate days. A 2 x 6 repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant overall linear trend (p or = 0.05). No significant interaction occurred between gender and protocol. There were significant differences between men and women on CJ and sprint trials; as expected, in general men ran faster and jumped higher than the women did. The data indicate that a warm-up including static stretching may negatively impact jump performance, but not sprint time.
Alpha2-adrenoceptor blockade does not block feeding induced by neuropeptide Y in sheep

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that blockade of central α 2 -adrenergic receptors would prevent neuropeptide Y (NPY)-induced feeding. Nine young female sheep were fitted with lateral ventricular cannulas. Bolus intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 3 nmol of NPY increased feed intake after 30 min between 45 and 153% in three experiments. A bolus ICV injection of 400 or 100 nmol of the α 2 -antagonist, yohimbine, either 5 or 30 min before NPY injection, did not attenuate this response. Instead, yohimbine increased feed intake over NPY-induced feeding by 52 to 55%. We interpret these data as evidence that the putative NPY feeding pathway in feed-sated sheep is not dependent on the type of α 2 -adrenergic mechanism which can be blocked by ICV injection of yohimbine.
Conservation Implications of Hybridization in African Cercopithecine Monkeys

Numerous field reports of hybrid monkeys and documented cases of persistent hybrid zones suggest that natural hybridization is common among African cercopithecines. Both theoretical considerations and a review of cases lead us to conclude that parapatric hybridization among closely related allotaxa is a widespread, usually natural process whose incidence may be modified by human influence. Sympatric hybridization, between species ecologically distinct enough to have overlapping ranges, is rarer, and in monkeys tends to occur in settings where natural or anthropogenic habitat edges restrict migration and hence access to unrelated conspecific mates. Although sympatric hybridization occurs in the absence of human disturbance, and may even have been a creative force in cercopithecine evolution, anthropogenic habitat fragmentation may increase its incidence. Hybridization with a more abundant form may increase the level of threat faced by a species whose numbers and range have been severely restricted, either naturally or artificially.
Identification of a new fusion of ETV6/TEL and NTRK3/TRKC in a primitive neuroectodermal tumor

Identification of a new fusion of ETV6/TEL and NTRK3/TRKC in a primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Work practice barriers to flexible manufacturing in the US and the UK

Work practice barriers to flexible manufacturing are studied in the British and American unionized engineering industries and a comparison made of the influence of the industrial relations systems on the potential for overcoming these barriers.
Differential extractions for the spectrophotofluorometric measurement of diverse 5-hydroxy- and 5-methoxyindoles.

Abstract Serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid, and melatonin can be each selectively extracted from tissue or standard solutions in 0.1 N HCl or 0.1 N HCl, 0.5% ascorbic acid, and measured by their fluorescence at 540–550 mμ in 3 N HCl with activation at 295 mμ. Possibilities for measurement of 5-methoxytryptamine and bufotenine and the specificities of the methods are discussed.
Materials and processing issues in the development of N 2 O/NO-based ultrathin oxynitride gate dielectrics for CMOS ULSI applications

ABSTRACT This paper reviews recent developments in N20- and NO-based oxynitride gatedielectrics for CMOS ULSI applications. The motivations and significant advantages of N2OINO-based ultrathin oxynitride gate dielectrics for dual-gate CMOS ULSI are reviewed. Results will be presented to demonstrate the superior device reliability of ultrathin N20/NO oxides over the control oxides, with particular focus on boron diffusion barrier properties, TDDB, and MOSFET hot carrier immunity.INTRODUCTION The continuous scaling down of MOS devices into the deep sub-0.25 pm regimerequires ultrathin gate dielectrics with high reliability and dual-poly gate electrodes.Conventional thennal SiO2 is inadequate for future generation CMOS applications forseveral reasons. In scaled oxides, the structural transition layer (5Th) plays an importantrole in determining oxide reliability under electrical stress. The 5Th is structural imperfect due the distorted Si-O4 tetrahedron network resulting from high stress/strain in the interface
Functional Morphology of Homo habilis.

Olduvai hominid (O.H.) fossils 7, 8, and 35 represent the earliest species of the genus Homo dated at 1.76 million years. The O.H. 7 hand, jaw, and skull and the O.H. 8 foot come from one subadult individual, and the O.H. 35 leg are also those of Homo habilis. The skeleton represents a mosaic of primitive and derived features, indicating an early hominid which walked bipedally and could fabricate stone tools but also retained the generalized hominoid capacity to climb trees.
Vibration frequencies of a membrane strip with wavy boundaries

The study of the vibration of membranes is important in the design of drums, receivers and loudspeakers
Heat Shock Activates c-Src Tyrosine Kinases and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in NIH3T3 Fibroblasts

There is increasing evidence that cellular responses to stress are in part regulated by protein kinases, although specific mechanisms are not well defined. The purpose of these experiments was to investigate potential upstream signaling events activated during heat shock in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Experiments were designed to ask whether heat shock activates p60 c-Src tyrosine kinase or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). Using in vitro protein kinase activity assays, it was demonstrated that heat shock stimulates c-Src and PI 3-kinase activity in a time-dependent manner. Also, there was increased PI 3-kinase activity in anti-phosphotyrosine and anti-c-Src immunoprecipitated immunocomplexes from heated cells. Heat shock activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p70 S6 kinase (S6K) in these cells. The role of PI 3-kinase in regulating heat shock activation of MAPK and p70 S6K was investigated using wortmannin, a specific pharmacological inhibitor of PI 3-kinase. The results demonstrated that wortmannin inhibited heat shock activation of p70 S6K but only partially inhibited heat activation of MAPK. A dominant negative Raf mutant inhibited activation of MAPK by heat shock but did not inhibit heat shock stimulation of p70 S6K. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and suramin, a growth factor receptor inhibitor, both inhibited heat shock stimulation of MAPK activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK. Furthermore, a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, tryphostin AG1478, and a dominant negative EGFR mutant also inhibited heat shock activation of MAPK. Heat shock induced EGFR phosphorylation. These results suggest that early upstream signaling events in response to heat stress may involve activation of PI 3-kinase and tyrosine kinases, such as c-Src, and a growth factor receptor, such as EGFR; activation of important downstream pathways, such as MAPK and p70 S6K, occur by divergent signaling mechanisms similar to growth factor stimulation.
Explicit Algebraic Scalar Flux Approximation

A new method is proposed to obtain explicit solutions of the algebraic approximation to second-moment closure models for the turbulent flux of passive scalars. Equivalently, the method gives exact equilibrium solutions to scalar flux transport models. An intermediate step relates scalar flux transport to the Lagrangian dispersion tensor in homogeneous turbulence. Solvability and stability properties of closure models are assessed by the solution. The exact solution serves as a closure model for the asymmetric eddy diffusion tensor.
Minimal freeness and commutativity

Apseudobasis for an abstract algebraA is a subsetX ofA such that every mappingX intoA extends uniquely to an endomorphism onA. A isminimally free ifA has a pseudobasis. In this paper we look at how minimal freeness interacts with various notions of commutativity (e.g., “operational” commutativity in the algebra, usual commutativity in the endomorphism monoid of the algebra). One application is a complete classification of minimally free torsion abelian groups.
Sampling for advanced overlay process control

Overlay metrology and control have been critical for successful advanced microlithography for many years, and are taking on an even more important role as time goes on. Due to throughput constraints it is necessary to sample only a small subset of overlay metrology marks, and typical sample plans are static over time. Standard production monitoring and control involves measuring sufficient samples to calculate up to 6 linear correctables. As design rules shrink and processing becomes more complex, however, it is necessary to consider higher order modeled terms for control, fault detection, and disposition. This in turn, requires a higher level of sampling. Due to throughput concerns, however, careful consideration is needed to establish a base-line sampling, and higher levels of sampling can be considered on an exception-basis based on automated trigger mechanisms. The goal is improved scanner control and lithographic cost of ownership. This study addresses tools for establishing baseline sampling as well as motivation and initial results for dynamic sampling for application to higher order modeling.
Hoarding among patients seeking treatment for anxiety disorders

The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of hoarding symptoms among individuals presenting for treatment of anxiety symptoms. Participants included 130 adults who were seeking treatment at an outpatient anxiety disorders clinic between January 2004 and February 2006. During their initial assessment, participants (31 with panic disorder, 15 specific phobia, 27 social phobia, 36 obsessive-compulsive disorder, 21 generalized anxiety disorder, mean age 37 years, 57% female, 88% White) completed the Saving Inventory-Revised, a self-report measure of hoarding symptoms, and several measures of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment. Approximately 12-25% of anxious patients reported significant hoarding symptoms. Patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder were more likely to report significant hoarding symptoms than were those with panic disorder or specific phobia. Hoarding symptoms were positively correlated with trait anxiety, depressive symptoms, and functional impairment. These findings suggest that hoarding symptoms may be associated with anxiety disorders other than obsessive-compulsive disorder. The findings further suggest that hoarding symptoms may be underreported by anxious populations since typical intake assessments do not include specific questions about hoarding and individuals with hoarding symptoms may be unlikely to spontaneously report them.
Use of Substitute Decision Makers by the Mentally Ill Rural Elderly: An Issue of Concern for Mental Health Nurses

In 1986, the Abbe Center for Community Mental Health implemented a nurse-led elderly outreach program (EOP) designed to identify and treat elderly rural residents in need of mental health care. Because some EOP clients evidenced a lack of or limited decision-making capacity, a record review was conducted to answer the following questions: Do any of the clients have a legal substitute decision maker? What are the forms of substitute decision making? Is there a familial relationship between the elderly client and the substitute decision maker? Is there evidence that any of the named legal substitute decision makers have abused the elder? Almost half the clients who had a substitute decision maker used a power of attorney. Adult children were the most frequent family members named as substitute decision makers. Four records indicated that an adult child had been given a power of attorney and that the child had potentially abused the parent. Implications for mental health nurses dealing with this vulnerable p...
An outer loop link adaptation for BICM-OFDM that learns

Wireless BICM-OFDM systems usually perform some link adaptation procedure in order to adapt their transmission parameters to the changing channel. It is common practice to choose modulation and code rate based on thresholds on the signal-to-noise ratios (inner loop link adaptation), while these thresholds are shifted in an external control loop (outer loop link adaptation). This paper proposes a new approach for adjusting the threshold offset. Adaptive kernel regression is used in order to learn the relationship between offsets, the channel state, and packet error rates for each code rate in an online fashion. The proposed algorithm exploits this knowledge when selecting offsets. This is in contrast to current approaches, which do not anticipate the effect of changes to the offset but rely on probing only. Another advantage is that frequency-selective modulation can (but does not have to) be employed. Some less-known arguments in favor of frequency-selective modulation are pointed out.
Law-governed multi-agent systems: from anarchy to order

I will argue that a multi-agent system should not be viewed as just the totality of its members, but that it should include the set of laws that governs the interaction between these members. Such laws need to be made explicit, as part of the design of the MAS, and they need to be enforced on its implementation.I will discuss the architecture and the scalable implementation of such law-governed MAS, using a coordination and control mechanism called Law-Governed Interaction (LGI); and will consider various implication of this architecture, to issues such as reasoning about a MAS, and making it dependable.
Membrane iodothyronine transporters part II: Review of protein biochemistry

(1996). Membrane iodothyronine transporters part II: Review of protein biochemistry. Endocrine Research: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 95-119.
Survival of harvested guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) depends on genotype and harvest time

Abstract Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray), a desert species native to Mexico and Texas, is being developed as an alternative to Hevea brasiliensis (A. Juss.) Muell. Arg. for production of natural rubber in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Large-scale production of guayule natural rubber requires high-rubber-yielding cultivars that can regrow successfully after each harvest and during most of the year. Such cultivars eliminate the problem of extended storage at processing plants and distribute the cost of stand establishment, by seedling transplants, across several 2-year cycles of production. Five guayule genotypes (C211, C245, C250, C400, and N565) were compared for survival and regrowth after monthly harvest, at ground level, from March 1990 through February 1991. Plants were 21 and 32 months old at the time of first and last harvest, respectively. A split-plot design with four replications was used. The main plot consisted of the five guayule genotypes and the subplots consisted of the 12 monthly harvests. Three months after each monthly harvest of different sets of plants, the number of plants that survived and regrew was recorded. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between genotypes and between months of harvest. With the exception of C400 (a selection from the second backcross generation of guayule × Parthenium tomentosum var. stramonium (Green) Rollins), all genotypes had low survival in May, June, and July harvests. The lowest survival was observed in the June harvest. C245 had good survival in eight of the 12 months, while N565 had adequate survival in only three months of the year. C400 produced vigorous new growth during most of the year. The significant genotype-by-month of harvest interaction was mainly due to the different pattern of survival demonstrated by C400. The study showed that production of guayule cultivars for harvest during most of the year may be achieved with little difficulty.
Strengthening the Achilles Heel of High-Risk Plaques∗

Plaque rupture, defined as direct exposure of the necrotic core to flowing blood, is a major cause of arterial thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. A highly thrombogenic necrotic core is separated from the lumen by a thin fibrous cap that is the last barrier between
Choosing the sources of sustainable energy

Renewable energy “will be the central pillar of a sustainable high-technology civilization,” says Terry Collins in his Essay “Toward sustainable chemistry” ( Science 's Compass, 5 Jan., p. [48][1]). This view, however, dismisses the potential long-term contributions of nuclear energy
A cognitive robotics system: the symbolic and sub-symbolic robotic intelligence control system (SS-RICS)

This paper will detail the progress on the development of the Symbolic and Subsymbolic Robotics Intelligence Control System (SS-RICS). The system is a goal oriented production system, based loosely on the cognitive architecture, the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) some additions and changes. We have found that in order to simulate complex cognition on a robot, many aspects of cognition (long term memory (LTM), perception) needed to be in place before any generalized intelligent behavior can be produced. In working with ACT-R, we found that it was a good instantiation of working memory, but that we needed to add other aspects of cognition including LTM and perception to have a complete cognitive system. Our progress to date will be noted and the challenges that remain will be addressed.
Sorry states: Apologies in international politics

Sorry states: Apologies in international politics, by Jennifer Lind. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2008, x + 198 pp. with 7 halftones, notes to 234, index to 241. US$39.95 (cloth...
Morphological transformation based on optical symbolic substitution and polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting systems

ABSTRACT By combining two powerful optical computing techniques, namely, optical symbolic substitution (OSS) and polarization-encoded optical shadow-casting (POSC), morphological orshape transformation operations are demonstrated. Accordingly, erosion, dilation, opening, and closing operations are realized using both OSS and POSC schemes. These morphological operations are used for noise removal in binary images. 1. INTRODUCTION The optical symbolic substitution is a pattern transformation technique which realizes digitallogic optically for information processing in two-dimensional images [1]. In this scheme, data are encoded as spatial patterns and operators are seen as pattern transformation rules [2,3]. In its operation, OSS functions by mapping a to-be-recognized pattern (recognition phase) into a new pattern (substitution phase). Because of its extensive parallelism as well as spatial orientation,OSS appears particularly attractive for implementing image processing techniqies. Symbolic
Molecular identification of Schistosoma mattheei from feces of Kinda (Papio cynocephalus kindae) and grayfoot baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) in Zambia.

Abstract Terminal-spined Schistosoma sp. eggs were detected in several groups of baboons living in Kafue National Park in central Zambia. A total of 166 fecal samples was screened; egg prevalence overall ranged between 7% and 10%, while infection intensities were low. Formalin-fixed eggs had an average length of 144.5 µm and a breadth of 48.3 µm, but the schistosome species could not be unambiguously identified by size or morphology. We used molecular methods to definitively identify the parasite species. Parasite DNA was amplified from stools by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequence analysis of fragments of the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1), mitochondrial 12S rDNA, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (nad6), and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) from 3 egg-positive samples revealed the presence of S. mattheei in these samples. This is the first molecular identification of S. mattheei from free-ranging baboons. Schistosoma mattheei is typically a parasite of bovids, but it can also infect hum...
Inability to isolate the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from bovine ovaries using a procedure which isolates the adrenal enzyme

Abstract A simple method involving Triton extraction followed by ECTEOLA cellulose chromatography which resulted in the purification of the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.51] present in bovine adrenal microsomes to a single homogeneous protein [1], did not similarly purify the enzyme present in ovarian microsomes. Our criteria of purity involved the use of SDS gel electrophoresis with gradient gels in contrast to the constant composition gels used for the adrenal enzyme.
Nuclear-orbital/configuration-interaction study of coupled translation-rotation states in (H2)2@C70.

The quantal translation-rotation states of two endohedral H2 moieties in C70 are computed by means of a nuclear-orbital/configuration-interaction method. H2 “nuclear orbitals” are calculated as the translation-rotation eigenfunctions of one H2 molecule interacting with C70 and the mean field of the second H2 molecule. Configurations are constructed as symmetrized bilinear products of these orbitals. These configurations are employed as the basis in which the matrix of the translation-rotation Hamiltonian of the cluster is computed and diagonalized. We show that this scheme allows for an efficient means to calculate the Hamiltonian matrix elements. We show that the configuration basis states represent excellent first approximations to the eigenstates of the species. Finally, we present results pertaining to the (H2)2@C70 low-energy translation-rotation level structure that can be understood in terms of a small number of H2 excitation types.
A state variable description of mechanical properties

Presentation de l'approche utilisant des variables d'etat pour decrire la deformation inelastique d'un solide cristallin. Analyse des limites de cette approche. Cette approche decrit les processus de deformation communement observes tels que le fluage, mais ne rend pas compte des deformations inhomogenes ou de l'interaction entre dislocations et atomes en solution sur le processus de deformation
LENS—a pulsed neutron source for education and research

At the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility construction of a new source of cold neutrons has begun. Neutrons are generated by stopping 13 MeV protons in a beryllium target, located at the center of a moderator structure. Cold neutrons are emitted from a slab of frozen methane. Three beam lines deliver neutrons for scattering experiments, radiography and moderator studies. The purpose of the project is to develop a low-cost, small-scale facility, suitable for a university or an industrial setting, to provide a testing ground of instrumentation destined for use at a larger facility, to improve awareness of the use of neutron probes in a wide range of applications, and to offer a training opportunity for future neutron physicists.
Solar Urticaria in a 6-Year-Old Child

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS This child was referred to the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology clinic by her pediatrician for evaluation of repeated episodes of “solar urticaria” which had been recurring over the past 3 years. These episodes of pruritus, swelling, and burning of the face, arms and legs would usually begin in the late spring when the child started to play outside. Every episode had developed within minutes of sun exposure and symptoms were never present in sun protected sites of her body. No symptoms occurred if the weather was overcast or in the winter. She denied any trouble breathing or swallowing during these episodes. There was no fever, fatigue, blistering of the skin, or joint pain. The episodes of urticaria had not been associated with use of any medications including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications or antibiotics. Over the past 3 years, she had seen multiple physicians regarding this problem including allergists and dermatologists. Previous allergy skin testing was negative. Previous trials of diphenhydramine, as well as topical and oral corticosteroids did not provide relief. A variety of sunblocks had been used repeatedly without any improvement in the symptoms. The past medical history was significant for treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin when she was 12 months old for “septicemia.” There was a family history of atopy but no relatives with a specific history of photosensitivity or urticaria.
Interface design for metadata creation

The rapid growth of the Web has increased the importance of decentralized metadata creation. Resource authors must create their own metadata to enable enhanced information seeking and retrieval, and they need effective interfaces to support their work. This paper reports a baseline study of author interactions with a metadata system and draws implications for the design of future interfaces.
Procedural and Emotional Religious Activity Therapy

Abstract Procedural and Emotional Religious Activity Therapy is a new approach for involving adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias with spiritually-laden activities. This therapy works by incorporating religious activities that are both emotionally-salient and have a procedural memory component. Thus, such activities are meaningful and intrinsically motivating for the adult with dementia. In addition, the procedural memory component is resistant to the neurological damage caused by Alzheimer's disease. Activities that use procedural memory can be employed well into later stages of dementia when activity therapy is more difficult to administer. This approach can be used to mitigate behavioral problems as well as increase quality of life. Due to the flexibility of this therapy, it can be used within a variety of religious paradigms. Guidelines and limitations in the use of this approach are provided.
Food Animals and Antimicrobials: Impacts on Human Health

Antimicrobials are valuable therapeutics whose efficacy is seriously compromised by the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The provision of antibiotics to food animals encompasses a wide variety of nontherapeutic purposes that include growth promotion. The concern over resistance emergence and spread to people by nontherapeutic use of antimicrobials has led to conflicted practices and opinions. Considerable evidence supported the removal of nontherapeutic antimicrobials (NTAs) in Europe, based on the "precautionary principle." Still, concrete scientific evidence of the favorable versus unfavorable consequences of NTAs is not clear to all stakeholders. Substantial data show elevated antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with animals fed NTAs and their food products. This resistance spreads to other animals and humans-directly by contact and indirectly via the food chain, water, air, and manured and sludge-fertilized soils. Modern genetic techniques are making advances in deciphering the ecological impact of NTAs, but modeling efforts are thwarted by deficits in key knowledge of microbial and antibiotic loads at each stage of the transmission chain. Still, the substantial and expanding volume of evidence reporting animal-to-human spread of resistant bacteria, including that arising from use of NTAs, supports eliminating NTA use in order to reduce the growing environmental load of resistance genes.
Chemistry of methylmercurials in aqueous solution

Abstract The kinetics of acid cleavage of dimethylmercury (DMM) was studied in aqueous solution. At 25°C and pH 5, DMM has an acidolysis half-life of about 33 years. Cleavage of dimethylmercury by mercuric species is pH-dependent and is slow at the concentrations of mercuric species in solution in the aquatic environment. Dimethylmercury and methylmercuric ion do not undergo sunlight photodegradation. The evaporative loss of dimethylmercury from water can be compared with oxygen diffusion based on the ratio of transfer constants.
The seamlessly multiplexed embedded codec (SMEC) and its application in image coding

The landmark JPEG 2000 image compression standard offers not only superior compression performance, but also incredible flexibility. The compressed bitstream of JPEG 2000 can be flexibly reorganized to another bitstream of different bitrate, resolution, and spatial region of interest (ROI) or a combination of any of the above. Such flexibility is achieved by multiplexing the compressed bitstream pieces of multiple code-blocks together into a combined bitstream, with the length of the code-block bitstream piece (LOCB) embedded in the combined bitstream. The LOCB serves both to reorganize the bitstream, and to decode the bitstream. It represents a significant overhead, especially since there is no correlation between the neighbor LOCBs. In this work, we introduce seamless multiplexing, and separate the information needed for the reorganization, i.e., the LOCB, from the compressed bitstream itself by using the decoder pointer to multiplex the bitstream pieces. As a result, the compressed bitstream consists of code-block bitstream pieces seamlessly concatenated to each other. With seamless multiplexing, only the compressed bitstream (without LOCB) needs to be delivered to the receiving client. It results in better compression performance and higher granularity of access. Another benefit of seamless multiplexing is that the relative coding orders of the code-blocks are preserved in the bitstream reorganization. As a result, the seamlessly multiplexed embedded codec (SMEC) may utilize the dependencies among the code-blocks in the coding, thus further boost the compression performance.
Best practices for improving intervention fidelity that every nurse should know

Research requires considerable investment of time, energy, critical reflection, and creativity in designing interventions appropriate for a target population and capable of improving health outcomes. It is imperative that the research plan includes processes for ensuring that the intervention is delivered as planned to maintain credibility of the findings (Horner, Rew, & Torres, 2006). In 2004, the Treatment Fidelity Workgroup of the National Institutes of Health Behavior Change Consortium published the results of a multisite collaborative project designed to identify and evaluate mechanisms for ensuring that complex interventions were delivered as designed when used in multiple sites and with different community populations (Bellg et al., 2004). The purpose of this column is to describe these best practices for intervention fidelity and discuss their application in current research.
Characterization of the mouse IFN-λ ligand-receptor system: IFN-λs exhibit antitumor activity against B16 melanoma

Recently discovered type III IFNs (IFN-lambda) exert their antiviral and immunomodulatory activities through a unique receptor complex composed of IFN-lambdaR1 and interleukin-10 receptor 2. To further study type III IFNs, we cloned and characterized mouse IFN-lambda ligand-receptor system. We showed that, similar to their human orthologues, mIFN-lambda2 and mIFN-lambda3 signal through the IFN-lambda receptor complex, activate IFN stimulated gene factor 3, and are capable of inducing antiviral protection and MHC class I antigen expression in several cell types including B16 melanoma cells. We then used the murine B16 melanoma model to investigate the potential antitumor activities of IFN-lambdas. We developed B16 cells constitutively expressing murine IFN-lambda2 (B16.IFN-lambda2 cells) and evaluated their tumorigenicity in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Although constitutive expression of mIFN-lambda2 in melanoma cells did not affect their proliferation in vitro, the growth of B16.IFN-lambda2 cells, when injected s.c. into mice, was either retarded or completely prevented. We found that rejection of the modified tumor cells correlated with their level of IFN-lambda2 expression. We then developed IFN-lambda-resistant B16.IFN-lambda2 cells (B16.IFN-lambda2Res cells) and showed that their tumorigenicity was also highly impaired or completely abolished similar to B16.IFN-lambda2 cells, suggesting that IFN-lambdas engage host mechanisms to inhibit melanoma growth. These in vivo experiments show the antitumor activities of IFN-lambdas and suggest their strong therapeutic potential.
Optimization-based automated home video editing system

In this paper, we present an optimization-based system that automates home video editing. This system automatically selects suitable or desirable highlight segments from a set of raw home videos and aligns them with a given piece of incidental music to create an edited video segment to a desired length based on the content of the video and incidental music. We developed an approach for extracting temporal structure and determining the importance of a video segment in order to facilitate the selection of highlight segments. Additionally we extract a temporal structure, beats, and tempos from the incidental music. In order to create more professional-looking results, the selected highlight segments satisfy a set of editing rules and are matched to the content of the incidental music. This task is formulated as a nonlinear 0-1 programming problem and the rules, which are adjustable and increasable, are embedded as constraints. The output video is rendered by connecting the selected highlight video segments with transition effects and the incidental music. Under this framework, we can choose the best-matched music for a given video and support different output styles.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia and hyperleucocytosis

The clinical characteristics, treatment options and outcomes in patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) and hyperleucocytosis remain poorly defined. This study reviewed 242 consecutive patients with APL; 29 patients (12%) had a white blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 50 × 10(9) /l at presentation (median WBC 85·5 × 10(9) /l). Patients with hyperleucocytosis had inferior complete remission (CR) rates (69% vs. 88%; P = 0·004) and higher 4-week mortality (24% vs. 9%; P = 0·018) compared to patients without hyperleucocytosis. We noted a trend towards inferior 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) (69% vs. 80%; P = 0·057) and inferior 3-year overall survival (OS) (74% vs. 92%; P = 0·2) for patients with hyperleucocytosis. Leukapheresis was performed in 11 (38%) of the 29 patients with hyperleucocytosis. CR rate and 3-year OS were not significantly improved in patients who received leukapheresis. CR rate and 3-year OS for the 15 patients with hyperleucocytosis treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus arsenic trioxide (ATO) plus cytotoxic therapy (idarubicin or gemtuzumab ozogamicin) combinations were 100% and 100% vs. 57% and 35% for the 14 patients treated with non-ATRA/ATO combinations (P = 0·004 and P = 0·002). Leukapheresis does not improve the outcomes in patients with APL presenting with hyperleucocytosis. ATRA/ATO-based combinations are superior to other regimens in these patients.
Water-vapor-continuum absorption measurements (3.5 - 4.0 Mu m) using HDO-depleted water.

Longpath absorption cell measurements were performed by using 24 DF laser lines with 14.3 Torr of HDO-depleted water vapor buffered to 760-Torr pressure by an 80/20 mixture of N2/O2 at 23°C The water sample used contained one fiftieth the normal concentration of HDO. The result was a measure of the so-called water-vapor-continuum absorption in the 3.5–4.0-μm spectral region, which is approximately twice previous predictions.
Stereoimaging Determination of Strains in Surface Mounted Components and Plated Through Holes Resulting from Thermal Cycung

The experimental mechanics of microelectronics components requires high spatial resolution measurements that are best obtained by using the scanning microscope because of the high spacial resolution and depth of field obtained using this instrument. This paper describes how measurements made from photographs taken in the scanning electron microscope have been used successfully to determine the strains which develop due to differences in coefficient of thermal between various parts of microelectronic components. Results are presented for thermal strains in the solder joints of a surface mounted component and in a printed circuit board plated through hole.
Pathological Complete Response Induced by the Combination Therapy of Gemcitabine and 24-h Infusion of Cisplatin in Two Cases Initially Diagnosed as Node-Positive Advanced Urothelial Carcinomas

We report on two patients, successfully treated by the combination therapy of gemcitabine and 24-h intravenous infusion of cisplatin, who were initially diagnosed with node-positive advanced urothelial cancer. Each patient had a very good clinical response and underwent curative radical surgery after gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy. A microscopically detailed examination of surgically obtained specimens showed the complete disappearance of malignant cells in the two cases. As a pilot study, we have used the regimen of gemcitabine plus 24-h continuous infusion of cisplatin, instead of bolus injection, for the treatment of 20 patients with node-positive or metastatic urothelial cancer. The clinical response rate in this regimen was 75% (complete response 7/20; 35%, partial response 8/20; 40%). The median overall survival was 665 days. As for the adverse effects, the incidences of severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (grade 3-4) were 20% and 15%, which might be less toxic than conventional gemcitabine plus cisplatin therapy. The 24-h infusion of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine can be highly recommended as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced urothelial cancer.
Aging blunts the dynamics of vasodilation in isolated skeletal muscle resistance vessels

Aging is associated with an altered ability to match oxygen delivery (Qo2) to consumption (Vo2) in skeletal muscle and differences in the temporal profile of vasodilation may provide a mechanistic...
Scandal, social conditions, and the creation of public attention : Fatty Arbuckle and the problem of Hollywood

Although social constructionism is the dominant perspective for examining the growth of social problems, this orientation systematically neglects the conditions that produce the recognition of social problems. The approach examines the effects of claims without attending to conditions that lead to these claims — conditions grounded in the interaction between culture and agency: looking forward from the claim, not back. In contrast, I argue from a position of “cautious naturalism” that sociologists should analyze conditions that generate public attention, seeing structure as providing constraints on interpretations. If these conditions are not “objective,” neither are they “mere” rhetorical constructions. To this end I draw upon Smelser's “value-added” model, incorporating it within a constructionist model and applying it to the depiction of scandals. Specifically, I examine conditions that led to the public attention given to the 1921 trial of comedian Roscoe “Fatty” Arbuckle for manslaughter, and how this event played out through claimsmakers' activities.
Simple Energy Balance Model Resolving the Seasons and the Continents' Application to the Astronomical Theory of the Ice Ages

An analysis is undertaken of the properties of a one-level seasonal energy balance climate model having explicit, two-dimensional land-sea geography, where land and sea surfaces are strictly distinguished by the local thermal inertia employed and transport is governed by a smooth, latitude-dependent diffusion mechanism. Solutions of the seasonal cycle for the cases of both ice feedback exclusion and inclusion yield good agreements with real data, using minimal turning of the adjustable parameters. Discontinuous icecap growth is noted for both a solar constant that is lower by a few percent and a change of orbital elements to favor cool Northern Hemisphere summers. This discontinuous sensitivity is discussed in the context of the Milankovitch theory of the ice ages, and the associated branch structure is shown to be analogous to the 'small ice cap' instability of simpler models.
Leveraging 1-hop neighborhood knowledge for efficient flooding in wireless ad hoc networks

Flooding is a fundamental and frequently invoked operation in wireless ad hoc networks. Existing flooding techniques either are unreliable, generate overwhelming unnecessary retransmission, or incur excessive network control overhead. In this paper, we address these crucial problems and propose a new flooding technique called edge forwarding. The new scheme minimizes the flooding traffic by leveraging location information to limit broadcast retransmission to only hosts near the perimeter of each broadcast coverage. Unlike most existing techniques, edge forwarding requires each host to track only neighboring nodes within its one-hop distance. Therefore, it is more adaptive to host mobility and incurs less network control overhead. In particular, it can be easily incorporated into many existing routing protocols without any additional control overhead. Our performance studies indicate that with our strategy, a substantial portion of the unnecessary broadcast retransmission can be eliminated.