cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Visual Input on Post-Rotatory Nystagmus in Normal Children

The duration, total number of beats, and frequency of post-rotatory nystagmus were measured in normal young children under different conditions of visual input. After rotation in darkness, the effects of fixation without light, fixation in light, and light without fixation on the nystagmus evoked by an abrupt braking deceleration were studied. The post-rotatory nystagmus duration and the total number of beats were significantly reduced both by fixation without light and by light without fixation. The findings were discussed in relation to mechanisms by which vestibular nystagmus may be suppressed.
Down to Earth

For seventy centuries of civilization, which is man's own show and venture into the unknown, mankind has sought a more abundant life on this planet, but with more of failure than of success. This holocaust of war leads to the conclusion that civilization has-been weighed in the balance and found wanting. Now we are fighting to the death for another chance. It is not my purpose to discuss the abstract motives of good and evil that may inspire man's actions, but, rather, to bring our thinking down to Earth.
Leadership development: The Role of the President‐Board Team

Preparing the next generation of community college presidents is a responsibility shared by many. A largely untapped source is the president-board team, which has primary responsibility for campus-based presidential leadership development programs.
Salvage of partial facial soft tissue avulsions with medicinal leeches.

Background Medicinal leeches have been demonstrated to be extremely useful and safe in the salvage of venous outflow compromised tissue, particularly in digit replants and various forms of flaps. Objective To demonstrate the utility of medicinal leeches in the salvage of venous outflow-compromised traumatic soft tissue avulsions in key facial structures. Methods A retrospective review of 4 cases involving the external ear, nose, lip, and scalp in which apparent venous outflow compromise was present. Medicinal leeches were applied acutely in each of these 4 cases, salvaging each of the partially avulsed soft tissue segments. Results Complete or near complete salvage of each soft tissue segment after using medicinal leeches. Conclusions Although it is unusual for a partial soft tissue avulsion of the face to require medicinal leech therapy, situations may occur in which there is adequate arterial inflow but inadequate venous outflow. In such cases, medicinal leeches may play a very important role in salvaging the soft tissue segment. This is particularly important in vital structures such as the ear, nose, lip, and eyelid in which acute or secondary reconstruction is complex. EBM rating: C.
We are God's Children, Y'All: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Lesbian- and Gay-Affirming Congregations

This article examines how lesbian, gay, and straight-but-affirming members of lesbian- and gay-affirming churches in the South challenged a deep-rooted Christian belief in homosexual sin. Data are taken from 200 hours of participant observation and 25 in-depth interviews in two Protestant churches: one predominantly black, working class, lesbian, and evangelical, and the other mostly white, middle class, heterosexual, and liberal. I identify three strategies lesbian, gay, and straight-but-affirming church members used to accommodate—but not assimilate—to heteronormative conceptions of the "good Christian." First, some black lesbians minimized their sexuality as secondary to the Christian identity. Second, most lesbian and gay members—both black and white— normalized their sexuality by enacting Christian morals of monogamy, manhood, and motherhood. Third, a small group of black lesbian/gay and white, straight-but-affirming members moralized their sexuality as grounds for challenging homophobia in the church. Using these strategies, church members both resisted notions of homosexual sin and reproduced a "politics of respectability" (Warner 1999) among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. Findings shed empirical light on two issues in the social problems literature: (1) the inseparability of race and gender from sexual identity; and (2) the importance of an intersectional analysis in assessing the possibilities of faith-based strategies for sexual equality.
Does the Terminologia Anatomica really matter

This article points out how the Terminologia Anatomica is often ignored and suggests ways that its acceptance can be improved. Clin. Anat. 24:503–504, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Collective localization: a distributed Kalman filter approach to localization of groups of mobile robots

This paper presents a new approach to the cooperative localization problem, namely collective localization. A group of M robots is viewed as a single system composed of robots that carry, in general, different sensors and have different positioning capabilities. A single Kalman filter is formulated to estimate the position and orientation of all the members of the group. This centralized schema is capable of fusing information provided by the sensors distributed on the individual robots while accommodating independencies and interdependencies among the collected data. In order to allow for distributed processing, the equations of the centralized Kalman filter are treated so that this filter can be decomposed in M modified Kalman filters each running on a separate robot. The collective localization algorithm is applied to a group of 3 robots and the improvement in localization accuracy is presented.
Management of Naso-Orbital-Ethmoidal Fractures

Naso-orbital-ethmoidal fractures are arguably the most challenging fractures of the facial skeleton to restore properly. This article discusses their proper diagnosis, describes some of the controversies in their management, and makes recommendations regarding their proper treatment.
Effective Integration of Ultra-Elliptic Solutions of the Focusing Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

Abstract An effective integration method based on the classical solution of the Jacobi inversion problem, using Kleinian ultra-elliptic functions and Riemann theta functions, is presented for the quasi-periodic two-phase solutions of the focusing cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Each two-phase solution with real quasi-periods forms a two-real-dimensional torus, modulo a circle of complex-phase factors, expressed as a ratio of theta functions associated with the Riemann surface of the invariant spectral curve. The initial conditions of the Dirichlet eigenvalues satisfy reality conditions which are explicitly parametrized by two physically-meaningful real variables: the squared modulus and a scalar multiple of the wavenumber. Simple new formulas for the maximum modulus and the minimum modulus are obtained in terms of the imaginary parts of the branch points of the Riemann surface.
Weight loss regimens that control for carbohydrate quality or quantity: a review

Adolescent; Carbohydrate; Ketogenic; Low glycemic:Low fat;Obesity; Paleolithic; Protein -sparing; Modified fast
Managing Clinical Change: A Process Model of Therapy

This article identifies some limitations of the current behavioral paradigm of therapy and proposes a heuristic model which enlarges its scope. Seven overlapping phases are specified: (1) role-structuring and creating a therapeutic alliance, (2) developing a commitment for change, (3) conducting a behavioral analysis, (4) negotiating treatment objectives, (5) executing treatment and maintaining motivation, (6) monitoring progress, and (7) programming for generalization and treatment termination. These phases are intended to serve as a conceptual guide to ensure that attention is given to the client's motivation to engage in various aspects of therapy as well as specify subgoals that should facilitate the initiation and maintenance of behavior change.
THE WEALTH OF SINGLE WOMEN: MARITAL STATUS AND PARENTHOOD IN THE ASSET ACCUMULATION OF YOUNG BABY BOOMERS IN THE UNITED STATES

In the United States, household wealth is unequally distributed. While facts about the distribution are readily available, less is known about the family dynamics that underlie this important component of inequality. An increasing number of households are headed by single females (both never married and divorced), and the number of single mothers among these households has grown in recent decades. This article explores differences in wealth in the US by marital status, gender, and parenting status. It focuses on young baby boomers, finding a minimal gender gap in the wealth of never-married people. However, when controlling for parenthood, strong evidence was found of a family gap in household wealth accumulation, with single mothers and fathers economically disadvantaged in comparison to adults without children. Yet, it was fiound that single mothers suffer the most severe economic penalties in household wealth accumulation.
Treatment of autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases (AMBDs) are a group of rare diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes and are potentially fatal. They have variable clinical presentation, course and prognosis. Their immunopathology is well-characterised and target antigens have been studied. Many patients respond to conventional therapy, which consists of high-dose long-term systemic corticosteroids with an immunosuppressive agent, but side effects develop that can produce a poor quality of life. Many patients develop significant sequelae, such as blindness, loss of voice, vaginal and anal stenosis. In most patients cause of death is opportunistic infections secondary to immune suppression. To date, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been reported to have benefited 156 patients with AMBDs. Its most important features include the ability to reduce or eliminate conventional therapy, the enabling of clinical control, the ability to induce and maintain long-term clinical remission, the capacity for usage based on a defined protocol with a described end point and a resulting increase in quality of life. IVIg produces the best clinical outcome when combined with aggressive topical therapy, sublesional injections of triamcinolone and rapid detection, and early treatment of cutaneous and mucosal infection. Successful therapy requires a physician to spend significant time with each patient. This manuscript provides the opinion of the author on the current use of IVIg to treat AMBDs.
Maternal confidence for labor: Development of the childbirth self‐efficacy inventory

The Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI) is a self-report instrument that measures outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies for coping with an approaching childbirth experience. The CBSEI scales have excellent internal consistency reliability (.86 to .96) and factor analysis suggested that each CBSEI scale is unidimensional. Validity of the CBSEI was supported by significant positive correlations with the criterion variables of generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, and internal health locus of control; and significant negative correlations with external health locus of control and learned helplessness. Validity was also supported by significantly higher self-efficacy scores for multiparous as compared to nulliparous pregnant women.
The isolation of cholinergic synaptic vesicles from bovine superior cervical ganglion and estimation of their acetylcholine content.

— A method is described for the isolation of relatively pure cholinergic synaptic vesicles by hypo-osmotic shock and density gradient centrifugation of a synaptosome fraction prepared from bovine superior cervical ganglia. Vesicles from this source were found to sediment to a density equivalent to 0·3–0·41 M-sucrose. The vesicle subfraction from the gradient had an acetylcholine (ACh) content of 4.4 nmol/mg of protein and were subject to leakage of ACh. By a ‘tagging’ technique, the vesicles were counted under the electron microscope and their numbers related to their ACh concentration. After correction for leakage, an ACh content of 1630 molecules/vesicle was estimated.
MicroRNA Responses to the Genotoxic Carcinogens Aflatoxin B1 and Benzo[a]pyrene in Human HepaRG Cells.

Recent advances in toxicogenomics present an opportunity to develop new in vitro testing methodologies to identify human carcinogens. We have investigated microRNA expression responses to the treatment of human liver HepaRG cells with the human genotoxic carcinogens aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and the structurally similar compounds aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P) that exhibit minimal carcinogenic potential. We demonstrate that treatment of HepaRG cells with AFB1 or B[a]P resulted in specific changes in the expression of miRNAs as compared with their non-carcinogenic analogues, particularly in a marked over-expression of miR-410. An additional novel finding is the dose- and time-dependent inhibition of miR-122 in AFB1-treated HepaRG cells. Mechanistically, the AFB1-induced down-regulation of miR-122 was attributed to inhibition of the HNF4A/miR-122 regulatory pathway. These results demonstrate that HepaRG cells can be used to investigate miRNA responses to xenobiotic exposure, and illustrate the existence of early non-genotoxic events, in addition to a well-established genotoxic mode of action changes, in the mechanism of AFB1 and B[a]P carcinogenicity.
Modes of Tropical Variability under Convective Adjustment and the Madden–Julian Oscillation. Part I: Analytical Theory

Abstract The interaction between the collective effects of cumulus convection and large-scale dynamics is examined using the Betts–Miller moist convective adjustment (MCA) parameterization in a linearized primitive equation model on an equatorial β plane. In Part I of this paper, an analytical approach to the eigenvalue problem is taken using perturbation expansions in the cumulus adjustment time, which is short compared to planetary dynamical time scales. The modes of tropical variability that arise under MCA are dominated by the presence of moist processes; some modes act to adjust the system rapidly toward a convectively adjusted state, while others evolve on time scales set by the large-scale dynamics subject to near-adjusted (quasi equilibrium) thermodynamical constraints. Of the latter, a single vertical mode stands out, which obeys special balances implied by the quasi-equilibrium constraints and is the only propagating deep convective mode. The propagation speed is determined by an internally defi...
Regeneration of Renal Tissues

The kidney is a vital and complex organ that performs many critical functions [1–3]. It is responsible for filtering the body’s wastes, such as urea, from the blood and excreting them as urine. In addition to the excretory function, the kidney maintains the body’s homeostasis by regulating acid-base balance, blood pressure, and plasma volume. Moreover, it synthesizes 1, 25 vitamin D3, erythropoietin, glutathione, and free radical scavenging enzymes. It is also known that the kidney participates in the catabolism of low molecular weight proteins and in the production and regulation of cytokines [4–6]. There are many conditions where the kidney functions are diminished and these lead to renal failure. End stage renal failure is a devastating condition which involves multiple organs in affected individuals. Although dialysis can prolong survival via filtration, other kidney functions are not replaced, leading to long-term consequences such as anemia and malnutrition [2, 3, 7]. Currently, renal transplantation is the only definitive treatment that can restore full kidney function. However, transplantation has several limitations, such as critical donor shortage, complications due to chronic immunosuppressive therapy and graft failure [2, 3, 7].
Doppler-free spectroscopy of the 5882-Å line of 20 NeI

An experimental study of pressure broadening and shifts on the 5882-\AA{} line of NeI was conducted with a resolution of one part per billion by means of saturation spectroscopy with a zero-pressure reference line provided by a metastable-atomic-beam apparatus. A broadening of 11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 MHz per Torr was found for Ne-Ne collisions and an upper limit of 500 kHz per Torr was found for the shift. The cross section for largeangle Ne*-Ne scattering was found to be 46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$ from collisional cross-relaxation effects. A theory was developed to account for line-shape distortion effects in saturation spectroscopy with optically thick samples.
Electrical and Magnetic Properties

The basics of electrical properties are presented, and then related to the body, including electric conduction in humans. The theory of electrical pulse propagation along nerve cell axons is developed and applied to the body; this includes a brief discussion of how such signals are generated. How the heart produces electrical signals that are measured in electrocardiograms is explained, along with how to analyze these signals to analyze normal and diseased hearts. Magnetic signals in the body are briefly discussed.
Design and Realizes of Experiment Teaching System Based on B/S Model

The system structure of experiment teaching was chiefly discussed and characteristic and function and realize process of experiment teaching was introduced in this paper. Experiment teaching system provide the terrace of better study and master knowledge for student, and the study and exchange of student and teacher were convenient by way of the network.
Modelling and Optimization of a Dynamic Supply, Storage, and Distribution Problem

We provide an optimal strategy which determines the purchase, transport and storage of natural gas in a multi-month planning period. The problem is modelled using minimum-cost network flows with additional side constraints. These constraints are due to the objective of minimizing the peak requirements in the purchase of gas. Additionally, confidence constraints are introduced which provide a safety stock against changes of the uncertain consumers’ demand.
Behavioural and cognitive outcomes in young children of mothers with intellectual impairments

Background Despite an increase in international studies examining the experiences of parents with intellectual impairments and their children, few have utilised population-based data. This study investigated the behavioural and cognitive outcomes of 3-year-old US children of mothers with intellectual impairments compared with children of mothers without intellectual impairments. Methods This study employed a secondary analysis of the Fragile Families Child and Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study in the US. Our analytic sample included mothers with intellectual impairments (n = 263) and a comparison group of mothers without intellectual impairments (n = 1298), as well as each sampled mother's focal child. When weighted, Fragile Families is representative of all births in US cities with populations over 200 000. Results Children of mothers with intellectual impairments had poorer behavioural and cognitive outcomes in comparison to same-age children of mothers without intellectual impairments. Notably, however, children of mothers with intellectual impairments were not at increased risk of being aggressive unless their family income was below 200% of the federal poverty level. Further, families headed by mothers with intellectual impairments experienced multiple hardships related to socioeconomic factors, limited social supports and poor self-reported health. Conclusion Appropriate policies and programmes must be developed and implemented to effectively support these families, such as increased financial benefits.
The Association of Disease Severity, Functional Status, and Medical Utilization with Relationship Satisfaction among Asthma Patients and Their Partners

The association of relationship satisfaction to asthma-related illness factors was examined among 46 couples in which one person had asthma of mild-to-moderate severity. The asthma-related illness factors included measures of disease severity, functional status, and medical utilization. More asthma severity and greater use of asthma medications accounted for 27% of the variance in relationship satisfaction. These results diverge from the general notion that more illness should be associated with more relationship distress. The findings are discussed in the context of the potentially buffering effects of the relationship satisfaction among the couples in the present sample against the stress of a chronic illness.
The Great War and the Origins of Contemporary Ideology

The historical rupture that resulted from the Great War of 1914–1918 and its refraction throughout the twentieth century have been more controversial in Germany than elsewhere. At the beginning of the century the German nation, only recently unified under Bismarck, had rapidly become a leading force of modernity in every arena. Material progress underpinned by scientific creativity was quickly translated into technology; the new industries in turn favored the emergence of a new middle class while the state took responsibility for the well-being of those in need as well as those who came to work in the giant new factories. National self-affirmation was evident also in the growing power of the army and especially its professional officer corps (its “General Staff”), as well as in the growth of maritime power accompanied by new colonial ambitions. Reflecting on what had been, the distinguished American historian Fritz Stern recently recalled the observation of Raymond Aron, who had foreseen the rise of “a German Century.”1 Alas, the four grinding years of the Great War transformed the dream into a nightmare, and the history of the war lent itself to a politicization that became the incubator of different and opposed ideologies.
Matter of Fat: Are Lipids Antiarrhythmic?

After the occlusion of a coronary vessel in the heart, ischemia and subsequent infarction of cardiac tissue occurs because of an inadequate supply of blood, resulting in a deficiency of oxygen and glucose to the muscle cells. Within minutes, there are apparent changes in the ECG indicating cardiac cellular electric disorders, namely ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Because the processes postocclusion are complicated, the complex nature has been dissected into different facets in various in vitro studies. Solutions can be made to mimic ischemia and superfused over paced multicellular and single-cell preparations of cardiac tissues. Under these conditions, one can apply voltage clamp/Ca2+ imaging to define how specific biochemical changes that occur during this acute period affect ion channel behavior and signaling pathways. Single cells can be subjected to hypoxia, uncouplers of the mitochondrial oxidative chain, inhibitors of glycolysis, solutions containing a high concentration of K+ and low H+, and solutions deficient in glucose, amphiphiles, free radicals, catecholamines, as well as stretch. Professor Carmeliet1 summarized these data in his 1999 review. This list is by no means complete and ignores the consequences of certain agents, for example, unabated reactive oxygen species that are potentiated by an ischemia-induced shift in anaerobic metabolism. This generates superoxide anion on reperfusion. Reactive oxygen species can modify protein structure and function in fundamental ways, one of which is by forming reactive lipid species from the oxidation of lipids.2 However, in most studies the experimental tissues used are from normal hearts. Article see p 1481 The study of Baartscheer et al3 in this issue focuses on the effects of changes in the lipid composition of the membrane and ion channel function before the acute effects of …
Establishing between-session reliability of TMS-conditioned soleus H-reflexes.

Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) can be used to evaluate descending corticomotor influences on spinal reflex excitability through modulation of the Hoffman reflex (H-reflex). The purpose of this study was to characterize between-session reliability of cortical, spinal, and cortical-conditioned spinal excitability measures collected from the soleus muscle. Thirteen able-bodied young adult participants were tested over four sessions. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to quantify between-session reliability of active motor threshold (AMT), unconditioned H-reflexes (expressed as a percentage of Mmax), and conditioned H-reflexes using short-latency facilitation (SLF) and long-latency facilitation (LLF). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess associations between H-reflex facilitation and unconditioned H-reflex amplitude. Between-session reliability for SLF (ICC = 0.71) was higher than for LLF (ICC = 0.45), was excellent for AMT (ICC = 0.95), and was moderate for unconditioned H-reflexes (ICC = 0.63). Our results suggest moderate-to-good reliability of SLF and LLF to evaluate cortical influences on spinal reflex excitability across multiple testing sessions in able-bodied individuals.
GDISC: a web portal for integrative analysis of gene-drug interaction for survival in cancer.

Summary: Survival analysis has been applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Although drug exposure records are available in TCGA, existing survival analyses typically did not consider drug exposure, partly due to naming inconsistencies in the data. We have spent extensive effort to standardize the drug exposure data, which enabled us to perform survival analysis on drug-stratified subpopulations of cancer patients. Using this strategy, we integrated gene copy number data, drug exposure data and patient survival data to infer gene–drug interactions that impact survival. The collection of all analyzed gene–drug interactions in 32 cancer types are organized and presented in a searchable web-portal called gene–drug Interaction for survival in cancer (GDISC). GDISC allows biologists and clinicians to interactively explore the gene-drug interactions identified in the context of TCGA, and discover interactions associated to their favorite cancer, drug and/or gene of interest. In addition, GDISC provides the standardized drug exposure data, which is a valuable resource for developing new methods for drug-specific analysis. Availability and Implementation: GDISC is available at https://gdisc.bme.gatech.edu/. Contact: peng.qiu@bme.gatech.edu
Three-dimensional wide-field pump-probe structured illumination microscopy

We propose a new structured illumination scheme for achieving depth resolved wide-field pump-probe microscopy with sub-diffraction limit resolution. By acquiring coherent pump-probe images using a set of 3D structured light illumination patterns, a 3D super-resolution pump-probe image can be reconstructed. We derive the theoretical framework to describe the coherent image formation and reconstruction scheme for this structured illumination pump-probe imaging system and carry out numerical simulations to investigate its imaging performance. The results demonstrate a lateral resolution improvement by a factor of three and providing 0.5 µm level axial optical sectioning.
Women Chief Executives: The Political Catch-22 of Counterterrorism

Abstract: Do women chief executives experience more terrorist activity during their time in office? We are interested in exploring this question given the rise in the study of gender and conflict. We argue that women leaders experience higher levels of terrorist violence due to gender perceptions. Women leaders are perceived as conflict averse. Concomitantly, women leaders who respond forcibly against terrorist agitation run the risk of domestic political costs and possibly additional terrorist recruitment as a result of policies that deviate from gender norms. This political catch-22 results in a higher frequency of terrorist violence. We examine this relationship on instances of domestic terrorism from 1980-2011. The results confirm that women leaders experience terrorist violence more frequently.
Is Mutation Analysis Effective at Testing Android Apps

Not only is Android the most widely used mobile operating system, more apps have been released and downloaded for Android than for any other OS. However, quality is an ongoing problem, with many apps being released with faults, sometimes serious faults. Because the structure of mobile app software differs from other types of software, testing is difficult and traditional methods do not work. Thus we need different approaches to test mobile apps. In this paper, we identify challenges in testing Android apps, and categorize common faults according to fault studies. Then, we present a way to apply mutation testing to Android apps. Additionally, this paper presents results from two empirical studies on fault detection effectiveness using open-source Android applications: one for Android mutation testing, and another for four existing Android testing techniques. The studies use naturally occurring faults as well as crowdsourced faults introduced by experienced Android developers. Our results indicate that Android mutation testing is effective at detecting faults.
Musings of a New Year resolution-ist

Healthy thinking involves cognitive information processing. Features of cognitive functioning (i.e., content, process, product, structure), with reference to behavioral and emotional adjustment, are described and discussed. Within these cognitive features specific differentiations are proposed and related research examined. An important content differentiation concerns positive versus negative thinking, and a principal processing differentiation concerns deficient information processing versus distorted processing. Both dysfunctional and functional cognitive distortions are examined. Areas in need of research attention are identified.
Algorithms for Time Series Data

Many practical problems involve data that arrive over time, and are hence in a strict temporal sequence. As discussed in Chap. 5, treating the data as a set, while ignoring the time-stamp, loses information essential to the problem. Treating the time-stamp as just another dimension (on par with other relevant dimensions such as dollar amounts) can only confuse the matter: the occurrence of other attribute values at a specific time instant can mean something quite different from the same attribute values occurring at another time, depending on the immediately preceding values. Such dependencies necessitate considering time as a special aspect of the data for explicit modeling, and treating the data as a sequence rather than a set. Hence anomaly detection for time-sequenced data requires algorithms that are substantially different from those discussed in the previous chapters.
Setting Standards for Single Respondent Survey Design

We propose that single respondent surveys continue to be a viable supply chain management research tool. However, necessary care must be taken in research design and implementation. Articles published in leading supply chain management journals in the past 10 years were reviewed in order to identify patterns and trends in the use of single respondent surveys. Based upon that analysis, several recommendations such as using multi-method research design, careful informant selection, and better documentation are presented for survey researchers to ensure and enhance the validity of single respondent survey research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Optimal Power Conversion of Standalone Wind Energy Conversion Systems Using Fuzzy Adaptive Control

This chapter presents an advanced control technique to deal with the maximum power conversion problem of a standalone Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG). The proposed method, which is different from traditional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods, is based on a fuzzy adaptive control scheme in which the adaptation is obtained from the Lyapunov analysis and carried out by the fuzzy logic technique. The superiority of the advanced control technique is shown by numerical simulations with comparison between the proposed controller’s performance and a nonlinear feedback linearization controller’s performance.
Revelatory Events: Three Case Studies of the Emergence of New Spiritual Paths, by Ann Taves, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2016, xviii + 357 pp., US$29.95 (paperback), ISBN 978 0 6911 5289 9

Ann Taves’ Revelatory Events continues her research on religious experience by focusing ‘on a particular type of experience that has played a central role in the formation of many spiritual paths –...
The idempotent-divisor graphs of a commutative ring

Given an idempotent element e of a commutative ring R, define the idempotent-divisor graph Γe(R) of R associated with e to be the (undirected) graph with vertex-set V(Γe(R)) = {a∈R | there exists b...
Mitotic kinesins in action: diffusive searching, directional switching, and ensemble coordination

Mitotic spindle assembly requires the collective action of multiple microtubule motors that coordinate their activities in ensembles. However, despite significant advances in our understanding of mitotic kinesins at the single-motor level, multi-motor systems are challenging to reconstitute in vitro and thus less well understood. Recent findings highlighted in this perspective demonstrate how various properties of kinesin-5 and -14 motors-diffusive searching, directional switching, and multivalent interactions-allow them to achieve their physiological roles of cross-linking parallel microtubules and sliding antiparallel ones during cell division. Additionally, we highlight new experimental techniques that will help bridge the gap between in vitro biophysical studies and in vivo cell biology investigations and provide new insights into how specific single-molecule mechanisms generate complex cellular behaviors.
Adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes complicated by psychosis among pregnant women in the United States.

Adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes among women with psychosis, particularly affective psychosis, has rarely been studied at the population level. We aimed to assess the risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes among women with psychosis (schizophrenia, affective psychosis, and other psychoses). From the 2007 – 2012 National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample, 23,507,597 delivery hospitalizations were identified. From the same hospitalization, International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes were used to identify maternal psychosis and outcomes. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using logistic regression. The prevalence of psychosis at delivery was 698.76 per 100,000 hospitalizations. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol/substance abuse, and pregnancy-related hypertension, women with psychosis were at a heightened risk for cesarean delivery (aOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.29), induced labor (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.09), antepartum hemorrhage (aOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.14 - 1.31), placental abruption (aOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.13 - 1.32), postpartum hemorrhage (aOR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.27), premature delivery (aOR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.36 - 1.46), stillbirth (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.23 - 1.53), premature rupture of membranes (aOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.15 - 1.29), fetal abnormalities (aOR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.38 - 1.61), poor fetal growth (aOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.19 - 1.34), and fetal distress (aOR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.18). Maternal death during hospitalizations (aOR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.30 - 3.31) and excessive fetal growth (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98 - 1.14) were not statistically significantly associated with psychosis. Pregnant women with psychosis have elevated risk of several adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Efforts to identify and manage pregnancies complicated by psychosis may contribute to improved outcomes.
Unusual duplication mutation in a surface loop of human transthyretin leads to an aggressive drug-resistant amyloid disease

Transthyretin (TTR) is a globular tetrameric transport protein in plasma. Nearly 140 single amino acid substitutions in TTR cause life-threatening amyloid disease. We report a one-of-a-kind pathological variant featuring a Glu51, Ser52 duplication mutation (Glu51_Ser52dup). The proband, heterozygous for the mutation, exhibited an unusually aggressive amyloidosis that was refractory to treatment with the small-molecule drug diflunisal. To understand the poor treatment response and expand therapeutic options, we explored the structure and stability of recombinant Glu51_Ser52dup. The duplication did not alter the protein secondary or tertiary structure but decreased the stability of the TTR monomer and tetramer. Diflunisal, which bound with near-micromolar affinity, partially restored tetramer stability. The duplication had no significant effect on the free energy and enthalpy of diflunisal binding, and hence on the drug–protein interactions. However, the duplication induced tryptic digestion of TTR at near-physiological conditions, releasing a C-terminal fragment 49–129 that formed amyloid fibrils under conditions in which the full-length protein did not. Such C-terminal fragments, along with the full-length TTR, comprise amyloid deposits in vivo. Bioinformatics and structural analyses suggested that increased disorder in the surface loop, which contains the Glu51_Ser52dup duplication, not only helped generate amyloid-forming fragments but also decreased structural protection in the amyloidogenic residue segment 25–34, promoting misfolding of the full-length protein. Our studies of a unique duplication mutation explain its diflunisal-resistant nature, identify misfolding pathways for amyloidogenic TTR variants, and provide therapeutic targets to inhibit amyloid fibril formation by variant TTR.
Family Context in the Development of Psychopathology

High public health significance is attached to understanding how family relationships impact child psychopathology. Decades of research have established that a wide array of family characteristics serve as pivotal precursors of children’s mental health outcomes (Morris, Silk, Steinberg, Myers, & Robinson, 2007; Repetti, Taylor, & Seeman, 2002). Reviews of the literature within the framework of “risky” family environments have specifically documented that aggression, conflict, and disengagement in the whole family, parent–child, interparental, and sibling contexts qualify as risk factors for the emergence and persistence of psychological problems throughout childhood and adulthood (Repetti, Robles, & Reynolds, 2011; Repetti et al., 2002). Since the last edition of this book over 10 years ago, significant headway has been made in elucidating the processes and conditions underlying the variability in outcomes of children exposed to these specific family characteristics. By the same token, significant gaps remain in understanding how and why family processes affect children’s mental health within a developmental framework. Accordingly, the overarching objective of this chapter is to describe the progress, potential, and challenges in characterizing the unfolding cascade of developmental processes underlying links between risky family contexts and child psychopathology.
The Natural Logic of Complex Event Expressions

A theory of events is required for the complete explanation of natural language referring expressions, since there are genuine event-referring expressions (e.g., in English). I give here an event theory first, based on expanding Kim’s (1969, 1973, 1976) conception of concrete events. Then, I show how reference, coreference, and quantfications over English event phrases (EPs) ought to be contained in representations of the ‘natural’ logical form of sentences they occur in.
Incremental diagnostic utility of delayed enhancement CMR tissue characterization for detection of catheter associated right atrial thrombus

Methods The population comprised consecutive patients with central venous catheters undergoing CMR at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (NY, NY). Delayed enhancement CMR (inversion recovery GRE) was used to identify RT; defined as a right atrial (RA) mass with avascular tissue characteristics (non-enhancing) on “long TI” (600msec) DE-CMR. Cine-CMR (SSFP) was used to quantify cardiac structure and function, including RA and RV function and chamber size. Clinical indices were categorized based on medical record review. Echo (if performed within 14 days of CMR) was retrieved from image archives and independently read for RT. Clinical records were queried for documented pulmonary embolus (PE) within 60 days of CMR.
Epidemiology and Molecular Epidemiology

Incidence, prevalence, and survival for diffuse low-grade gliomas and diffuse anaplastic gliomas (including grade II and grade III astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas) varies by histologic type, age at diagnosis, sex, and race/ethnicity. Significant progress has been made in identifying potential risk factors for glioma, although more research is warranted. The strongest risk factors that have been identified thus far include allergies/atopic disease, ionizing radiation, and heritable genetic factors. Further analysis of large, multicenter epidemiologic studies, and well-annotated "omic" datasets, can potentially lead to further understanding of the relationship between gene and environment in the process of brain tumor development.
“Bright Band Sign” A Grayscale Ultrasound Finding in Hepatic Infarction

Hepatic infarction is infrequent due to the dual blood supply of the liver and the compensatory relationship between the hepatic artery and portal vein. Most cases occur in liver transplants due to vascular complications. Grayscale sonography combined with color and spectral wave Doppler can assess for vessel patency and parenchymal abnormalities. Liver infarctions appear as hypoechoic nonvascular regions on conventional and Doppler sonography. Here, we describe a grayscale ultrasound feature within liver infarctions in 2 liver transplants and in 1 native liver due to iatrogenic complication. This feature is similar to those described recently in the literature within splenic infarcts.
Transcriptome-Wide Mapping of m6A and m6Am at Single-Nucleotide Resolution Using miCLIP

The most prevalent modified base in mRNA, N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), is found in several thousand transcripts, typically near the stop codon, although it can occur anywhere in the mRNA. In addition, the highly similar nucleotide N6 ,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6 Am), which is difficult to distinguish from m6 A, occurs as the first transcribed nucleotide of certain transcripts. Both the m6 A and m6 Am modifications have been implicated in numerous biological processes, and their precise mapping is crucial to understanding their functions. To address this need, we developed miCLIP, a method that maps both m6 A and m6 Am at individual nucleotide resolution. Here we describe the miCLIP protocol, with slight improvements to the initially published protocol for both the experimental methodology and bioinformatics analysis. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Erfolgreiche Lehrmethoden im Seminar

Aufgrund ihrer hohen didaktischen Wirksamkeit sollten Seminare im Zentrum der universitaren Lehre stehen. Unter Seminaren verstehen wir hier auch Ubungen und Praktika zu einer Vorlesung. Im Allgemeinen lassen die Teilnehmerzahlen dieser Veranstaltungen den engen Kontakt zwischen Studierenden und Lehrenden zu. Diese Nahe ist Voraussetzung fur die vorgestellten Lehrmethoden, mit denen Sie wesentlich bessere Ergebnisse erzielen konnen als mit dem herkommlichen Frontalunterricht.
Treating different bonding situations: Revisiting Au-Cu alloys using the random phase approximation

The ground-state equilibrium properties of copper-gold alloys have been explored with the state-of-the-art random phase approximation (RPA). Our estimated lattice constants agree with the experiment within a mean absolute percentage error of 1.4 percent. Semilocal functionals, such as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) and the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) functional, fail to provide accurate bulk moduli, which indicates their inability to describe the system in a stretched or compressed state with respect to the equilibrium geometry. The PBE, PBE revised for solids, and revised Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria functionals by Perdew et al. predict too-low formation energies, while the SCAN slightly overestimates it. The inclusion of thermal correction or the long-range dispersion provides a negligible contribution to the formation energies estimated with semilocal density functional theory. The spin-orbit coupling improves the formation energies of PBE only by 7--8 meV, while it intensifies the overestimation of SCAN. We found that the nonlocality present in RPA is able to describe the transition between two delocalized electron densities (bulk elemental constituents to crystallized alloys), as required to provide accurate formation energies without any further corrections. Based on our results, we conclude that it is difficult to find a universal density functional which can give accurate results for a wide range of properties of intermetallic alloys. However, RPA can capture different bonding situations, often better than other density functionals. It gives accurate results for a wide range of ground-state properties for the alloys, generated from metals with completely filled $d$ shells.
Recommendations for the Emergency Department Prevention of Sport-Related Concussion.

Sport-related concussion refers to the subset of concussive injuries occurring during sport activities. Similar to concussion from nonsport mechanisms, sport-related concussion is associated with significant morbidity, including migrainous headaches, disruption in normal daily activities, and long-term depression and cognitive deficits. Unlike nonsport concussions, sport-related concussion may be uniquely amenable to prevention efforts to mitigate these problems. The emergency department (ED) visit for sport-related concussion represents an opportunity to reduce morbidity by timely diagnosis and management using best practices, and through education and counseling to prevent a subsequent sport-related concussion. This article provides recommendations to reduce sport-related concussion disability through primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive strategies enacted during the ED visit. Although many recommendations have a solid evidence base, several research gaps remain. The overarching goal of improving sport-related concussion outcome through enactment of ED-based prevention strategies needs to be explicitly studied.
Remote control of migration: theorising territoriality, shared coercion, and deterrence

‘Remote control’ has been a radical innovation that projects many aspects of migration and border enforcement beyond a state’s territory. Scholars across multiple disciplines make distinctive and s...
Energy relationships between organisms and their environment

Abstract Climate is one of the most important factors that determine the energy balance of free-living organisms, and climate is a complex of variables which determine energy gains and losses from organisms. The environment, through climate, transfers energy to and from all living systems. The flow of energy is by one or more of the following processes: radiation (electromagnetic flux), convection (or conduction of heat), or mass transport (of water or other fluids).