cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy balance education in schools The role of student knowledge

Obesity prevention and control have been identified as top public health priorities in modern societies. Sport and exercise science researchers from multiple perspectives (e.g. behavioral, pedagogical, psychological, and physiological) have been active contributors addressing this topic. This paper examines the importance of energy balance (EB) knowledge in enabling behaviors associated with weight management in youth (e.g. physical activity and dietary behaviors). Relevant research studies were searched using ERIC, Proquest, PubMed, and Scopus. A total of 48 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified and retrieved. The research findings of the included articles were summarized after being thoroughly reviewed. The paper reveals mixed findings about the association between EB knowledge and behaviors, reinforcing the importance of developing knowledge through education. The literature review further identifies that there is inadequate knowledge about EB among youth, coinciding with a national ...
A comparison of teaching methodology: A study to determine the most effective method of teaching, maintaining, and transferring skills

A five-year-old boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder was taught to identify objects that correspond to functions. In the Receptive condition, a verbal discriminative stimulus “What’s for (verb-ing)?” was presented with three objects or pictures. In the Reading and Writing condition, the written verb was presented with the verbal discriminative stimulus. Results indicated a faster rate of acquisition, considerably fewer trials to mastery, and more consistent maintenance in the Reading and Writing condition than in the Receptive condition. The participant also showed a greater ability to transfer mastered skills in the Reading and Writing condition. Treatment integrity data indicated that treatment variables were consistently implemented across conditions. The clinical implications and limitations of this study are briefly discussed.
The cultural work of office charisma: maintaining professional power in psychotherapy

This article examines the cultural practices through which a group of professionals infuse their work and community with charisma. Although previous research has theorized the “charisma of office” (Weber 1978), we know little about how the occupants of such offices sustain it. I focus on a group of psychoanalytically-inclined psychotherapists, whose field, despite its early charismatic beginnings, has been especially embattled in recent decades. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data, I reveal how they share stories emphasizing their “idealization” by others, draw boundaries between their professional and private lives to manage their work identities, and perform interpersonal affective work that shores up their claims to extraordinary abilities. Together, these cultural practices constitute charisma within the professional group. This article thus makes a case that, as expertise becomes increasingly contested, we must look beyond social organization and the evidentiary bases of knowledge to understand professional authority.
To the Richest Go the Spoils? Immigration, Development, and the North-South Divide, 1970–2005

This paper empirically assesses, for the first time, the relationship between immigration and national economic development in both the global North and the global South. A series of panel models demonstrate that immigration exacerbates North-South inequalities through differential effects on average per capita incomes in the global North and global South. Immigration has positive effects on average incomes in both the North and the South, but the effect is larger in the global North. Thus the relationship between immigration and development evinces a Matthew Effect at the world level: by contributing to differential levels of economic development in the North and South, immigration widens international inequalities in the long term, resulting in the accumulation of advantage in the North. The implications of the results are discussed in the context theory and policy on the migration-development nexus.
A telephone call 1 week after hospitalization can identify risk factors for vascular surgery readmission

Objective Compared with other populations, patients who undergo vascular surgery have higher 30-day hospital readmission rates of up to 25%. Postdischarge telephone call assessments have demonstrated utility in patients with significant medical comorbidities and traditionally high readmission rates. Therefore, we hypothesized that a 1-week postdischarge telephone call evaluation can identify risk factors for readmission among vascular surgery patients. Methods Patients who underwent a vascular surgery procedure during a 1-year period by a single vascular surgeon at one hospital received a postdischarge telephone call questionnaire to review postoperative pain, surgical site, constitutional symptoms, and follow-up arrangement. The primary outcome measure was frequency of postoperative symptoms as collected on the telephone call questionnaire. The secondary outcome measure was 30-day hospital readmission rates. Results Among 167 patients, 131 (78%) received a telephone call after discharge. Calls identified pain relieved by prescription medication (odds ratio, 6.67; confidence interval, 0.82-53.81; P = .05) and continued dressing application (odds ratio, 9.55; confidence interval, 0.54-166.6; P = .04) as risk factors for 30-day readmission. The 30-day readmission was not statistically different in patients who were successfully and not successfully contacted with a postdischarge telephone call (8% and 17%, respectively; P = .37). Conclusions Vascular surgery patients are at higher risk of 30-day readmission than are patients in other surgical subspecialties. For the majority of patients, implementing a 1-week postdischarge telephone call for short-term follow-up evaluation is feasible and can help identify potential risk factors for hospital readmission within 30 days.
Understanding and Complex Situations

This paper presents a theoretical construct for assessing wicked problems as they occur in complex situations and defining problem context. The construct of understanding presents a way for assessing a problem as perceived by an observer. It is suggested that the paradigm of sole full analysis in a complex situation is not feasible when these two conditions are present and pervasive. It is suggested that a synoptic perspective (high level perspective) may be more useful to establish not only what is perceived as reducible and transient within a situation, but also to assess the individual that perceives the situation. To elaborate on the construct, fuzzy logic is suggested as a way to quantify the perception of irreducible and transient variables.
Leveraging Cause-Marketing as an Organizational Strategy: Exploring the Impact on Job Seekers—An Abstract

Managers face increasing pressure to engage their firms in socially responsible behaviors such as cause marketing. As they seek to become more socially responsible for both philanthropic and economic reasons, their efforts are affecting not only consumers and society, but the employees who work for them and the potential employees they may attract. The majority of research on cause marketing, a type of marketing involving the cooperative efforts of a for-profit business and a nonprofit organization for mutual benefit, has focused on the impact on consumers; therefore, little is known about the effects of social initiatives on employees.
The more IGRT systems, the merrier?

The field of radiotherapy (RT) has benefited substantially from advancements in Image‐Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT) in the past 15 years. IGRT now constitutes the integration of a wide range of imaging technology with modern RT delivery systems that include 3D anatomical and functional‐based imaging for tumor volume identification, 3D target volume localization, and motion management information for precise patient setup and monitoring.1, 2 To streamline this complex process, system integration of planning and delivery with multimodality IGRT technologies is now a primary selling point for vendors. This integration becomes more complex with the increased number of image‐guided patient positioning and motion management options. Current IGRT technologies include not only various x‐ray based imaging systems but also other modalities, such as video/infrared (IR) cameras, ultrasound (US), and electromagnetic field systems. The capital purchase decision makers at hospitals welcome tools that allow for improved image guidance when it is consistent with their strategies for return on investment. But this may raise multiple issues that need to be addressed by medical physicists, including safe and practical implementation and commissioning, personnel qualification and training of staff, updates and servicing to ensure integration between systems, and of course reimbursement constraints. This brings us to our debate topic: Will more IGRT systems implemented in the clinic lead to better outcomes for RT treatments? Arguing for the proposition is Dr. Baozhou Sun. Dr. Sun is an assistant professor and chief of quality assurance services of radiation oncology at Washington University in St. Louis. He earned his Ph.D. in applied science from the College of William and Mary in 2005. Dr. Sun finished his medical physics residency training at Washington University in St. Louis in 2012 and became a faculty member at the same institution. He is certified in Therapeutic Radiological Physics by the American Board of Radiology. His research interests include quality assurance, proton therapy, imaging‐guided radiation therapy, and medical informatics. Arguing against the proposition is Dr. Jenghwa Chang. Dr. Jenghwa Chang received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Polytechnic University and is an ABR‐certified medical physicist. He is currently an Associate Professor at Radiation Medicine of Northwell Health supervising the training/education of medical/physics residents and overseeing the quality assurance program for physics. Previously Dr. Chang held positions with Weill Cornell Medical College, NYU Langone Medical Center, and Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center. He is also a physicist surveyor for ACR Radiation Oncology Practice Accreditation (ROPA) program. His research interest includes optical diffusion tomography, Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) dosimetry, MV/kV cone beam CT (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided treatment planning, panoramic CBCT, and setup uncertainty of single isocenter for multiple targets technique.
Nvalt: Nonvolatile Approximate Lookup Table for GPU Acceleration

In this letter, we design a nonvolatile approximate lookup table, called Nvalt, to significantly accelerate general public utilities (GPUs) computation. Our design stores high frequency input patterns within an approximate Nvalt to model each application’s functionality. Nvalt searches for and returns the stored data best matching the input data to produce an approximate output. We define a similarity metric, appropriate for binary representation, by exploiting the analog characteristics of the nonvolatile content addressable memory. Our design controls the ratio of the application running between the approximate Nvalt and accurate GPU cores in order to tune the level of accuracy necessary for user requirements. Our evaluations on seven general GPU applications shows that, Nvalt can improve energy computation by $4.5 \times $ and performance by $5.7 \times $ on average while providing less than 10% average relative error as compared to the baseline GPU.
Potential sources of a priori ozone profiles for TEMPO tropospheric ozone retrievals

Potential sources of a priori ozone (O 3 ) profiles for use in Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) satellite tropospheric O 3 retrievals are evaluated with observations from multiple Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) systems in North America. An O 3 profile climatology (tropopause-based O 3 climatology (TB-Clim), currently proposed for use in TEMPO O 3 retrieval algorithms) based on ozonesonde observations and O 3 profiles from 3 separate models (operational Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) Forward Processing (FP) product, reanalysis product from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2), and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM)) were: 1) evaluated with TOLNet measurements on various temporal scales (seasonally, daily, hourly) and 2) implemented as a priori information in theoretical TEMPO tropospheric O 3 retrievals in order to determine how each a priori impacts the accuracy of retrieved tropospheric (0–10 km) and lowermost tropospheric (LMT, 0–2 km) O 3 columns. We found that all potential sources of a priori profiles evaluated in this study generally reproduced the vertical structure of summer-averaged observations of O 3 profiles. However, larger differences between the a priori profiles and lidar observations were observed when evaluating inter-daily and diurnal variability of tropospheric O 3 . The TB-Clim O 3 profile climatology was unable to replicate observed inter-daily and diurnal variability of O 3 while model products, in particular GEOS-Chem simulations, displayed more skill in reproducing these features. Due to the ability of models, primarily the CTM used in this study, on average to capture the inter-daily and diurnal variability of tropospheric and LMT O 3 columns, using a priori profiles from these model simulations resulted in TEMPO retrievals with the best statistical comparison with lidar observations. Furthermore, important from an air quality perspective, when high LMT O 3 values are observed, using GEOS-Chem a priori profiles resulted in TEMPO LMT O 3 retrievals with the least bias.
Survey on evolutionary computation methods for cybersecurity of mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, a comprehensive survey of evolutionary computation (EC) methods for cybersecurity of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is presented. Typically, EC methods are named based on the natural processes inspiring them, such as swarm intelligence (e.g., ant colony optimization, artificial bee colony, and particle swarm optimization), evolutionary algorithms (e.g., genetic algorithms, genetic programming, grammatical evolution, and differential evolution), artificial immune systems, and evolutionary games analyzing strategic interactions among different population types. We introduce these methods with their typical applications, and commonly used algorithms to improve cybersecurity within the scope of MANETs. Ongoing and speedy topology changes, multi-hop communication, non-hierarchical organization, and power and computational limitations are among the intrinsic characteristics of MANETs causing cybersecurity vulnerabilities. We describe basic defense mechanisms in MANETs for vulnerability detection, attack deterrence, prevention and recovery, and risk mitigation. We classify principal applications of EC as intrusion detection, trust management, and cryptography in cybersecurity systems to counter measure adversarial activities.
Environmental Endocrinology: Insights into the Diversity of Regulatory Mechanisms in Life Cycles

All organisms must time their life cycles appropriately and organize life history stages into temporal sequences that enhance fitness in a changing environment. The endocrine system plays a major regulatory role in transducing information from the environment into morphological, physiological, and behavioral responses appropriate for the time of year. The perception, transduction, response pathways via neural and endocrine mechanisms are beginning to be explored and underscore the critical regulatory roles they play. Whereas many conserved mechanisms (evolutionary constraints hypothesis) are emerging, there is a growing realization that there may be alternate pathways unique to populations and individuals (evolutionary flexibility hypothesis). Field investigations (field endocrinology) over the past 45 years have revealed patterns of hormonal responses to environmental changes, physical and social, that could not have been anticipated from laboratory investigations alone. These patterns include differences at population and individual levels that have enabled new insights into acclimation and adaptation to environmental transitions. The number of species studied under natural conditions has grown exponentially in recent years to include all vertebrate classes and some invertebrates as well. These data are now driving evolutionary perspectives and with the advent of comparative genomics a new and exciting era of evolutionary/ecological endocrinology is developing. This article gives a brief overview of where the field stands now and where it is likely to go in the future especially in relation to the networks of regulatory pathways and how they can be modulated to enable acclimation of individuals as well as populations. One illustrative example, mechanisms underlying modulation of the adrenocortical responses to environmental stress, is the focus of this communication. These "coping" mechanisms will be key for acclimation and adaptation to global change.
New Electron and Positron g-2 Experiments at the University of Michigan

We are commencing a new series of experiments to measure the electron and positron anomalous magnetic moments. The experiments will be performed in the ten kilogauss field of a precision superconducting solenoid which is now under construction.
Critical Roles of Tumorigenic and Migrating Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cancer Progression and their Therapeutic Implications

Recent progress in cancer stem/progenitor cell research has revealed that these poorly differentiated, multipotent, and malignant cells may provide critical functions for tumor formation, metastases, resistance to current clinical therapies, and disease relapse. More specifically, the malignant transformation of tissue-resident adult stem/progenitor cells into tumorigenic and migrating cancer stem/progenitor cells during cancer progression, and more particularly the acquisition of a migratory phenotype during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, may lead to more aggressive and metastatic cancer subtypes. The EMT process is generally associated with changes in the local microenvironment, niche of cancer stem/progenitor cells, cell–cell detachment, and remodeling stromal components including the activation of host stromal cells, myofibroblasts, and immune cells. These molecular events may result in the activation of a complex network of oncogenic signaling pathways in cancer stem/progenitor cells and their differentiated progenies, initiating autocrine and paracrine manners by diverse growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components during cancer progression. The stimulation of these tumorigenic cascades may contribute to the sustained growth, survival, migration, invasion, and treatment resistance of cancer stem/progenitor cells. On the basis of these observations, it appears that the molecular targeting of tumorigenic and migrating cancer stem/progenitor cells may represent a new promising therapeutic strategy that may be exploited to improve the current therapies against aggressive, metastatic, recurrent, and lethal cancers.
“Swords, ropes, poison, fire”: The Dark Materials of Spenser’s Objectification of Despair-Assisted Suicide, with Notes on Skelton and Shakespeare

In the Despair episode in Spenser’s Faerie Queene I .ix, the provocative material means for self-slaughter are emblematically doubled with the psychological inducements, particularly on the models of predecessor texts in Skelton’s Magnyfycence and the Cordela story in The Mirrour for Magistrates . The pairing of means and causes is part of a tradition. So also is the despair of a Christian believer over his own sinfulness, in the face of God’s law, as voiced by a conspiratorial evil conscience, leading to a sinful “unbelief and despair of God” (Luther) and likewise unbelief in salvation—and to an unconquerable self-accusation, which doubles the sinner with tormentors, or a diabolic Accuser, and tempts him or her to cut his/her losses, relieve his/her pain, sorrows, and world-weariness, and take his/her life. Other suicidal types in The Faerie Queene and elsewhere, who are not theologically confirmed in their wanhope or assisted by it to their end, such as Phedon or Malbecco, can nonetheless illuminate the projections, temptations, demons, and motions of the Christian despair-er, and his or her adversity, depression, distress, impatience, furor, world-weariness, melancholia, and driven-ness. The despair-er’s condition, as found in Kierkegaard’s Sickness unto Death , can be further illustrated, diagnosed, and ministered to, by means of a variety of early modern and medieval moralizing and homiletic texts. And while the death of Shakespeare’s Cordelia by hanging conforms to Spenser’s account ( FQ II .x.32), her suicidal despair is only a slander bruited by the character Edmund. Rather, it is her would-be rescuer Lear who is the picture of misery and despair.
Metabolism of (3H) 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol by cultures of isolated rat sertoli cells and the effect of LH and FSH

Sertoli cells from immature rats metabolized (3H) 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol to (3H) 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 16 alpha, 17 beta-triol and (3H) 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one. This is the first report of 16 alpha-hydroxylation of 5 alpha-reduced androgens in the testis. FSH significantly stimulated 16 alpha-hydroxylation while LH significantly decreased this activity. 3 alpha-Hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-17-one was the major metabolite formed and its production was significantly increased in the presence of both LH and FSH, although FSH stimulation was significantly more than LH. The possible role of 16 alpha-hydroxylase in androgen metabolism by immature rat Sertoli cells is discussed.
Survival in Acute Myocardial Infarction Induced by Coronary Ligation: Prognostic Relevance of Certain Hemostatic Factors During the Occlusion Phase.

Alterations in various hemostatic factors have been identified as risk factors for survival after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, these clinical data are primarily limited to observations made during the postinfarct stage. We assessed the effects of 50 minutes of left anterior descending artery occlusion on several hemostatic factors and analyzed their changes with outcome in 18 Yorkshire swine. Blood samples were obtained from the systemic circulation at baseline and at 25 and 50 minutes of occlusion. Platelet aggregability and plasma antithrombin-III, protein C, protein S, fibronectin, endothelin-1, as well as the metabolites of thromboxane and prostacyclin were measured. Of the 18 swine, 7 survived the infarct and 11 animals developed fatal ventricular fibrillation. Both groups demonstrated significant decreases in platelet aggregation, and a decline in plasma protein S when compared with baseline. Thromboxane, prostacyclin, and endothelin-1 plasma concentrations were also markedly reduced at the end of occlusion. There were significant changes in antithrombin-III, protein C, and fibronectin levels between surviving animals and those that died of ventricular fibrillation. Acute coronary artery occlusion is associated with substantial changes in the hemostatic factors in swine. Plasma levels of fibronectin, antithrombin-III, and protein C differed between survivors and nonsurvivors and thus might serve as predictors of mortality due to fatal ventricular fibrillation during AMI. The mechanisms of these changes during the acute phase of AMI are unclear. Immediate AMI prognosis may be related to hemostatic changes not only after thrombolysis or spontaneous reperfusion, but also during the occlusion phase as well.
Teen Driving Education in a Pediatric Emergency Department: Effectiveness of a Toolkit.

Objectives In the United States, the leading cause of death for adolescents aged 16 to 24 years is motor vehicle crashes, with Alabama ranked as the second-worst state in the nation for teen driving deaths. We sought to determine the efficacy of teenage driving education within the setting of the pediatric emergency department and to assess the driving habits of teenagers and their parents and their understanding of the Alabama Graduated Driver's License (GDL) law. Methods Surveys were administered to noncritically ill teenagers aged 13 to 19 years and their parents who presented to the children's emergency department. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Presurveys were administered to assess driving habits and knowledge. Intervention was then given in the form of a "safe driving toolkit," followed by postsurveys to measure educational outcomes. Pre- and postsurvey data were then analyzed and compared using Epistat. Results A total of 41 parents, 2 grandparents, and 45 teenagers were enrolled in this study. An additional 47 teenagers answered a single curfew question at a teen driving event. Of all of the participants, 63% had never heard of the Alabama GDL law, and of that 63%, 37% had been enrolled in a driver's education course. A χ2 analysis revealed no significant difference between parents and teenagers having taken a driver's education course. Of the participants, 22% responded that they knew the specifics of the Alabama GDL law, with only 1 correct on all 3 counts. The most common item missed was the curfew for teenagers, with 4 believing it to be 8 pm, 14 believing it to be 9 pm, 23 believing it to be 10 pm, and 7 believing it to be 11 pm. Sixty-nine percent of the respondents correctly answered that there was to be no cellular telephone use while driving for teenagers with a GDL. More than 97.2% of participants, both parents and teens, reported learning new information from this study. Conclusions The majority of participants enrolled were not aware of the Alabama GDL law, which has been in place since 2002. More than 97% of those surveyed were given new information during the education session. There is a strong need for further public education regarding the law and safe driving habits. Sixty-one percent of respondents believe that the teen curfew is earlier than the present curfew. The authors believe that this shows support for revising the curfew in the present law to an earlier time. Nighttime driving restrictions starting at 10 pm or earlier have been shown to result in greater reductions in motor vehicle crashes involving teenagers. Our study affirmed that teen driving education within the pediatric emergency department setting is efficacious.
Redefining the Work of Feminist Praxis: Making Space for a (Rebellious) Undergraduate Feminist Research Group

This article traces the practices and outcomes of an undergraduate research group that began organically to foster research and activist collaborations in a small group setting and without the rubr...
Latency-aware Hybrid Edge Cloud Framework for Mobile Augmented Reality Applications

Mobile Augmented Reality (AR) has become a reality thanks to improvements in mobile hardware. Still, mobile AR lags behind its desktop counterpart in both latency and performance. Simple offloading to external computers has been attempted, but is not practical due to high communication latency and adverse user experience. In this paper, we propose a novel Mobile Edge Computing framework for Augmented Reality applications (MEC-AR). MEC-AR is designed to take advantage of 5G cellular networks and make optimized computation-offloading decisions in a multi-tiered hierarchy. A three-layered architecture involving the end user, the mobile edge, and finally the cloud is envisioned. In the context of MEC resource management, we cast a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) that aims at finding an efficient application placement on the MEC-AR layers to minimize the network latency. We evaluate the performance of our proposed MEC-AR framework by conducting extensive experimental analysis using images taken around Rutgers University. Simulation results coupled with real-time experiments on a small-scale MEC testbed show that our hierarchical computation mechanism improves the performance of mobile AR applications in terms of both energy consumption and network latency.
Triticum varieties grown as ‘ancient grains’ in New York differ in susceptibility to Fusarium head blight and harbor diverse Fusarium flora

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of Triticum spp. is caused by diverse, mycotoxigenic members of the genus Fusarium. In New York, United States, Fusarium graminearum is considered the primary FHB incitant on common wheat (Triticum aestivum), but there is no record of the Fusarium spp. colonizing wheat crops marketed as high value ‘ancient grains’ (T. dicoccum, T. spelta, and T. monococcum). The incidence and severity of FHB on these crops was recorded at variety trials in 2017 and 2018, and a brief survey of the Fusarium flora associated with symptomatic spikes was conducted at these trials and an additional research site in 2018. A significant difference in mean incidence and severity was observed between crop varieties in 2017, suggesting that partial varietal resistance will contribute to successful FHB management in New York ‘ancient grain’ crops. The survey of Fusarium flora associated with symptomatic tissue recorded seven species or species complexes, based on colony morphology and DNA sequence homology. Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, the F. graminearum species complex, the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex, F. poae and F. sporotrichioides have been linked previously to FHB in wheat, while F. armeniacum had not been associated with FHB symptomatic wheat spikes prior to this study. The diversity of Fusarium species recovered raises the concern that mycotoxins which are not routinely tested for may be found in high-value Triticum crops grown in New York.
Preparing for Puberty in Girls With Special Needs: A Cohort Study of Caregiver Concerns and Patient Outcomes.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To characterize the patient population with cognitive or physical impairments that presents for anticipatory guidance of puberty, evaluate caregiver concerns with respect to puberty, and describe chosen management strategies and outcomes following menarche. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting Academic tertiary care women and children's hospital Participants Eligible female patients with special needs up to age 26 years presenting for anticipatory guidance from 2009 to 2018 Main Outcome Measures Primary outcomes included characterization of patients presenting for anticipatory guidance and their reasons for menstrual management. Secondary outcomes were satisfaction with menstrual management and bleeding patterns. Results A total of 61 patients presented for anticipatory guidance of puberty, on average 13.5 months prior to menarche. Compared to the overall adolescent population with special needs who presented for gynecologic care, patients who had autism spectrum disorder (ASD), were nonverbal, or had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD) were more likely to present for a pre-menarchal visit to discuss anticipated pubertal development (P The majority of post-menarchal patients (80%) desired hormonal management of menses, including 30% of patients who had placement of a levonorgestrel intrauterine device. In all, 96% of patients were satisfied with their final menstrual bleeding pattern; 50% achieved amenorrhea or light spotting. Conclusions This study describes the important role of pre-menarchal reproductive counseling for girls with disabilities. Anticipation of puberty causes great anxiety in families and patients, especially those with ASD, ADD/ADHD, and non-verbal status. Providers should consider initiating these conversations early in pubertal development.
Boomerang Nurses: Why They Leave and Why They Return

Nursing turnover within hospitals is a nationwide problem, with over 20% of new nurses leaving their position in the first year of practice. Of these some return to work at the same institution they left within 2 years. The impact on patient outcomes and cost to the institution are similar to those of training new nurses. There is plethora of literature evaluating nurse turnover, however little is known about the turnover of boomerang nurses, specifically how the turnover is related to work environment. The purpose of this quantitative survey study was to discover if boomerang nurses perceptions of their work environment changed upon returning, what factors influenced their decisions to leave the organization, and what factors influenced their decisions to return at this organization. The sample consisted of 21 boomerang nurses who left the organization and returned within the study timeframe after two years or less of being away. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) (Lake, 2002) survey, along with demographic questions, was emailed to all potential participants and reminder emails were automatically sent out to those who had not completed the survey at two-week intervals for a total of three emails. Results were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 program. Participants were primarily female (n=17) and age 36-45 years (n=7) or greater than 56 years (n=7). There was no significant improvement for the PES-NWI overall composite score or the subscales for perceptions of the participants’ work environment before they left the institution and after they returned to the institution. When subscales were coded as favorable (>2.5) or unfavorable (<2.5), a chi-square test for independence indicated a significant association between perceived nursing manager ability, leadership, and support of nurses previously and their current perceptions (p=.02). Most participants selected working conditions (n=6) as their reason for leaving and sited nursing manager ability, leadership, and support of nurses the biggest reason for their working conditions (n=5) influencing their decision to leave. Most participants selected that they prefer working at this organization (n=7) as their reason for returning to work at this organization. Most participants did not return to the same unit in which they left (n=10). These results suggest that nurses left the organization because of the leadership of the unit they left, but that they returned to a different unit because they prefer to work for this organization. The organization could benefit from assessing leaderships’ ability to manage and support the nurses on their units, and to provide leadership with the education on how to be effective leaders.
Automatic object-based spatial selection depends on the distribution of sustained attention.

Several space-based and object-based attention studies suggest these selection mechanisms may be voluntarily deployed, depending on task parameters and the attentional scope of the observer. Here, we sought to elucidate factors related to involuntary deployment of object-mediated space-based attention through two experiments. Experiment 1 used a modified flanker task where a target and nearby distractor were presented within the same or different object frames, such that an object-based attentional spread should be detrimental to performance. Results showed the presence of a flanker effect with no significant difference in magnitude between grouping conditions, indicating participants may have uniformly used a diffused attentional spotlight regardless of object segmentation. In a second experiment, we manipulated the extent of the observer’s sustained attentional scope via an inducer task to determine whether object-based selection depends on the initial spotlight size. The results revealed object-based effects solely when attention narrowly encompassed the target, but not when it was widened to include the distracting flanker. This suggests the deployment of object-based attention may occur when spatial attention is initially focused narrowly. Because selecting the whole object frame directly interfered with task goals, we conclude that object-based attention may not always fully conform to relevant task goals or operate in a goal-oriented manner. We discuss these results in the context of existing literature while proposing a reconciliation of previously inconsistent findings of object-based selection.
Strategies for Recruiting and Retaining Women and Minorities in Orthopaedics: AOA Critical Issues Symposium.

ABSTRACT Despite considerable attention being paid to the lack of diversity in orthopaedic surgery over the last decade, there has been very little actual change in the racial and gender demographics. This article discusses mechanisms for improving the diversity of interested programs, including reviewing potential barriers to racial and gender-based diversity programs.
A Review of “Drupal in Libraries”

Drupal, an open source content management framework, is an increasingly popular Web site platform for libraries and other organizations. Drupal in Libraries, the fourteenth in ALA's Tech Set series...
Trends in Leadership Within Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Fellowships

Background:No study in the orthopedic literature has analyzed the demographic characteristics or surgical training of foot and ankle fellowship directors (FDs). Our group sought to illustrate demog...
I am a Contradiction: Feminism and Feminist Identity in the Third Wave

How is Third Wave feminism defined? What are the implications for self-labeling as a feminist and the evolution of the “I’m not a feminist, but. . . .”group? While much controversy surrounds the etiology and even the veryexistence of a “Third Wave” of feminism, this nascent movement is a signifi-cant aspect of the current dialogue on contemporary feminism. Therefore, itis important to examine the history and the meaning of the identity of ThirdWave. In an attempt to elucidate contemporary feminism, four key ThirdWave collections of personal narratives were chosen and analyzed forcurrent definitions of feminism. The anthologies used for this researchcontain the voices of numerous activists from 1995 to 2006 and represent adiverse range of individuals. A thematic analysis produced four themes:inclusion, multiplicity, contradiction, and everyday feminism. An analysis ofthe interconnections of these themes brought forth the question of whether amovement that is genuinely attuned to inclusion, multiplicity and contradic-tion can embrace the feminist label, or any label. Labels create boundariesand define the in-group, which is antithetical to these principles of ThirdWave feminism. This might explain the current trend in research that findsmany individuals supporting feminist ideology but resisting the feministlabel. That is, the phrase “I’m not a feminist, but. . . .” may not simply be areaction to a disparaged label but more precisely, an acknowledgement ofthe limits and liabilities of categorization.
A Review of the Prevention of Invasive Breast Cancer with Raloxifene in Postmenopausal Women

Breast cancer remains the second leading cause of malignancy-related death in women in the United States, regardless of advances in novel therapeutic agents. High priority should be emphasized in research aimed at the study of pharmacological and natural compounds that may potentially prevent the development of breast cancer in susceptible patients. Among the known selective estrogen receptor modulators with proven chemopreventive effects, raloxifene has been studied in a number of clinical trials evaluating this drug for the prevention of osteoporosis and coronary heart disease. The MORE and CORE trials had as a primary end point the efficacy of raloxifene in the treatment of women with osteoporosis. These studies showed that raloxifene reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, the STAR trial showed no significant difference between raloxifene and tamoxifen recipients in the incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women at high risk of invasive breast cancer. This review focuses on the chemopreventive properties of raloxifene and the clinical trials that have proven its efficacy as a chemopreventive agent in invasive breast cancer.
Stochastic generating models for simulating hierarchically structured multi-cover landscapes

For simulating hierarchically structured raster maps of landscapes that consist of multiple land cover types, we extend the concept of neutral landscape models to provide a general Markovian model. A stochastic transition matrix provides the probability rules that govern landscape fragmentation processes by assigning finer resolution land cover categories, given coarser resolution categories. This matrix can either be changed or remain the same at different resolutions. The probability rules may be defined for simulating properties of an actual landscape or they may be specified in a truly neutral manner to evaluate the effects of particular transition probability rules.
Activation of the nimA protein kinase plays a unique role during mitosis that cannot be bypassed by absence of the bimE checkpoint.

Abstract Mutation of nimA reversibly arrests cells in late G2 and nimA overexpression promotes premature mitosis. Here we demonstrate that the product of nimA (designated NIMA) has protein kinase activity that can phosphorylate beta-casein but not histone proteins. NIMA kinase activity is cell cycle regulated being 20-fold higher at mitosis when compared to S-phase arrested cells. NIMA activation is normally required in G2 to initiate chromosome condensation, to nucleate spindle pole body microtubules, and to allow an MPM-2 specific mitotic phosphorylation. All three of these mitotic events can occur in the absence of activated NIMA when the bimE gene is mutated (bimE7). However, the bimE7 mutation cannot completely bypass the requirement for nimA during mitosis as entry into mitosis in the absence of NIMA activation results in major mitotic defects that affect both the organization of the nuclear envelope and mitotic spindle. Thus, although nimA plays an essential but limited role during mitosis, mutation of nimA arrests all of mitosis. We therefore propose that mutation of nimA prevents mitotic initiation due to a checkpoint arrest that is negatively mediated by bimE. The checkpoint ensures that mitosis is not initiated until NIMA is mitotically activated.
GLYOXYLATE FERMENTATION BY STREPTOCOCCUS ALLANTOICUS

Valentine, R. C. (University of Illinois, Urbana), H. Drucker, and R. S. Wolfe. Glyoxylate fermentation by Streptococcus allantoicus. J. Bacteriol. 87:241-246. 1964.-Extracts of Streptococcus allantoicus were found to degrade glyoxylate, yielding tartronic semialdehyde and CO(2). Tartronic semialdehyde was prepared chemically, and its properties were compared with the enzymatic product: reduction by sodium borohydride yielded glycerate; heating at 100 C yielded glycolaldehyde and CO(2); autoxidation yielded mesoxalic semialdehyde; periodate oxidation yielded glyoxylate and a compound presumed to be formate. Tartronic semialdehyde reductase was present in extracts of S. allantoicus and in a species of Pseudomonas grown on allantoin. A scheme for the synthesis of acetate from glyoxylate by S. allantoicus is discussed.
Investigation of the Si(111) Surface in UHV: Oxidation and the Effect of Surface Phosphorus

We have studied the initial stages of oxidation, the segregation of phosphorus, and the effect of phosphorus on oxidation of the Si(111) 7 X 7 surface using optical second-harmonic generation. We have also observed a (√3 X √3) R30° LEED pattern for P on Si (111).
Opposite replication polarities of transcribed and nontranscribed histone H5 genes.

The authors used an in vitro nuclear runoff replication assay to analyze the direction of replication of the active and inactive histone H5 genes in avian cells. In embryonic erythrocytes the transcribed histone H5 gene displayed sensitivity to endogenous nuclease cleavage. In contrast, this gene was insensitive to endogenous nuclease digestion under the same conditions in nuclei of the lymphoblastoid cell line MSB-1, and histone H5 gene transcripts were not detectable by dot-blot analysis of MSB-1 cell RNA. When nuclei were isolated from embryonic erythrocyctes and incubated with bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate, runoff replication from endogenous nuclease cleavage sites led to a relative enrichment for fragments near the 3' end of the histone H5 gene in the density-labeled DNA. In nuclei of MSB-1 cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts, however, runoff replication from restriction enzyme-cut sites (or induced endogenous nuclease-cut sites in MSB-1 nuclei) led to a relative enrichment for fragments near the 5' end of the H5 gene in dense DNA. Based on the enhanced incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into origin-distal regions of DNA during the in vitro runoff replication assay, the authors conclude that the active histone H5 gene in embryonic erythrocytes is preferentially replicated in the transcriptional direction from an originmore » in the 5'-flanking DNA, whereas its inactive counterparts in MSB-1 cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts are preferentially replicated in the opposite direction.« less
Hydrogeomorphic effects on bedload scour in bull char (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat, western Washington, USA

We investigated the vulnerability of fall-spawned bull char (Salvelinus confluentus) embryos to redd scour during winter rain and rain-on-snow flood discharges in western Washington, USA. It was hy...
Connoisseur's Choice: Kinoite, Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona

Few states can approach, much less match, the diversity and quantity of mineral specimens produced by Arizona. Its wide variety of economic mineral deposits coupled with an arid climate have result...
Africa's Media Image:

The Media Debate Introduction: Metaphors of African Coverage by Beverly G. Hawk American Media and African Culture by Bosah Ebo Committed in Africa: Reflections of a Correspondent by Stanley Meisler African Censorship and American Correspondents by William Hachten Patterns in African Coverage The Media and Mau Mau: Kenyan Nationalism and Colonial Propaganda by Wunyabari Maloba Dateline Algeria: U.S. Press Coverage of the Algerian War of Independence 1954-1962 by Robert J. Bookmiller and Kirsten Nakjavani Bookmiller Tribes and Prejudice: Coverage of the Nigerian Civil War by Minabere Ibelema Reporting African Violence: Can America's Media Forget the Cold War? by Rodger M. Govea Are We Really the World? Coverage of U.S. Food Aid in Africa, 1980-1989 by Jo Ellen Fair African-American Press Coverage of Africa by Charles A. Bodie New York Times Coverage of Africa, 1976-1990 by Hassan Mohammed El Zein and Anne Cooper The Southern African Story Inkatha: Notions of the "Primitive" and "Tribal" in Reporting on South Africa by Lisa Brock Beyond Black and White: An Overview of Non-Racialism and the Image of Racial Polarization in South Africa by Julie Frederikse Television News from the Frontline States by Chris Paterson Savimbi's Image in the U.S. Media: A Case Study in Propaganda by Elaine Windrich The South African Story: A Correspondent's View by David Zucchino Changing African Coverage Dateline Africa: Journalists Assess Africa Coverage by Tami Hultman Changing Policy: An Editorial Agenda by Thomas Winship and Paul Hemp South Africa Now: The Challenge of the South African Story by Danny Schechter Selected Bibliography Index
Are small diamonds thermodynamically stable in the interstellar medium

Very small diamond particles (50 A diameter) are shown to be thermodynamically stable with respect to similar sized graphite particles for reasonable values of the surface free energies of diamond and graphite. Small diamonds are likely to be stable against both thermal evaporation and chemical attack in the general interstellar medium. A few of the consequences of these conclusions are examined.
Gene Enrichment in an American-Indian Population - an Excess of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease

A subgroup of Athabascan Indians in Arizona and New Mexico was found to have an unusually high incidence of severe combined immunodeficiency, probably due to founder effect. Closed genetic pressures have limited their histocompatibility-antigen heterogeneity, enabling 3 patients to be grafted, 2 of them across HLA-B locus barriers.