cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty analysis for the miniaturized laser heterodyne radiometer (mini-LHR) for the measurement of carbon dioxide in the atmospheric column

Presented here is a sensitivity analysis for the miniaturized laser heterodyne radiometer. This passive, ground-based instrument measures carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmospheric column and has been under development at NASA/GSFC since 2009. The goal of this development is to produce a low-cost, easily-deployable instrument that can extend current ground measurement networks in order to (1) validate column satellite observations, (2) provide coverage in regions of limited satellite observations, (3) target regions of interest such as thawing permafrost, and (4) support the continuity of a long-term climate record. In this paper an uncertainty analysis of the instrument performance is presented and compared with results from three sets of field measurements. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and corresponding maximum uncertainty for a single scan are calculated to be 329.4 ? 1.3 by deploying error propagation through the equation governing the SNR. Reported is an absorbance noise of 0.0024 for six averaged scans of field data, for an instrument precision of 0.14 ppmv for CO2.
Io's Volcanism: Thermo-Physical Models of Silicate Lava Compared with Observations of Thermal Emission

Analyses of thermal infrared outbursts from the jovian satellite Io indicate that at least some of these volcanic events are due to silicate lava. Analysis of the January 9, 1990 outburst indicates that this was an active eruption consisting of a large lava flow (with mass eruption rate of order 10(exp 5) cubic m/sec) and a sustained area at silicate liquidus temperatures. This is interpreted as a series of fire fountains along a rift zone. A possible alternative scenario is that of an overflowing lava lake with extensive fire fountaining. The January 9, 1990 event is unique as multispectral observations with respect to time were obtained. In this paper, a model is presented for the thermal energy lost by active and cooling silicate lava flows and lakes on Io. The model thermal emission is compared with Earth-based observations and Voyager IRIS data. The model (a) provides an explanation of the thermal anomalies on Io's surface; (b) provides constraints on flow behavior and extent and infers some flow parameters; and (c) determines flow geometry and change in flow size with time, and the temperature of each part of the flow or lava lake surface as a function of its age. Models of heat output from active lava flows or inactive but recently emplaced lava flows or overturning lava lakes alone are unable to reproduce the observations. If the January 9, 1990 event is the emplacement of a lava flow, the equivalent of 27 such events per year would yield a volume of material sufficient, if uniformly distributed, to resurface all of Io at a rate of 1 cm/year.
Effect of two-body and three-body correlations on the diffusion constant of two-dimensional Coulomb systems in a uniform magnetic field

Abstract We calculate the diffusion constant of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a uniform perpendicular external magnetic field using the short-time expansion of the Kubo–Greenwood formula. We model the 2DEG as a one-component plasma. The two-body and three-body correlation functions are obtained from the hypernetted-chain integral equation theory and the Kirkwood superposition approximation, respectively. We compare the diffusion constant at two different temperatures. At the lower temperature, the diffusion constant increases as the magnetic field is increased but decreases with increasing magnetic field at the higher temperature. We compare our results when only two-body correlations are taken into account with those when both two-body and three-body correlations are included. These results may be interpreted as being due to the competition between the magnetic force and the force exerted on the target particle by the surrounding electrons in the 2DEG in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field.
Protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum: Recent lessons from yeast and mammalian cell systems

The evolution of eukaryotes was accompanied by an increased need for intracellular communication and cellular specialization. Thus, a more complex collection of secreted and membrane proteins had to be synthesized, modified, and folded. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) thereby became equipped with devoted enzymes and associated factors that both catalyze the production of secreted proteins and remove damaged proteins. A means to modify ER function to accommodate and destroy misfolded proteins also evolved. Not surprisingly, a growing number of human diseases are linked to various facets of ER function. Each of these topics will be discussed in this article, with an emphasis on recent reports in the literature that employed diverse models.
Gluteal necrotizing myofascitis: An unusual delayed complication of abdominal sacrocolpopexy

Persistent low back pain developed in a 51-year-old woman after she had undergone abdominal sacrocolpopexy. Four months postoperatively, necrotizing myofascitis developed in her gluteal muscles. The infected mesh, which had eroded into the vagina, was removed. Cultures of the infected mesh and abscesses grew common vaginal flora, including Gardnerella vaginalis and Actinomyces.
COMPOSITION AND POSITIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PHOSPHOLIPIDS ISOLATED FROM PORK MUSCLE TISSUES.

The composition and positional distribution of fatty acids in phospholipids isolated from four locations of a hog carcass is presented. Variations in fatty acid composition of phospholipids were found depending upon the location in the carcass. The total unsaturated fatty acid content averaged 34.3 mole % for lecithin, 52.5 mole % for phosphatidylethanolamine, 40.3 mole % for phosphatidylserine and 41.3 mole % in sphingomyelin. The cephalins had a much higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids than lecithin. The chief saturated fatty acid in lecithin and sphingomyelin was palmitic and in cephalins it was stearic. A snake venom enzyme preparation(Crotalus adamanteus) hydrolyzed primarily unsaturated fatty acids in phosphoglycerides and the higher the percentage of unsaturation within the fatty acid the higher percentage of hydrolysis occurred. The unsaturated fatty acids were found chiefly at the theβ-position and the saturated fatty acids at thea-position in the phosphoglycerides.
MEMORIAL TO SHENG JINZHANG (J. C. SHENG) (1921–2007)

Professor and Academician Sheng Jinzhang (J. C. Sheng) passed away on the morning of January 7, 2007, after a brief respiratory illness. His long time student and colleague, Zuren Zhou, wrote to say that he died peacefully in hospital in Nanjing without too much suffering. About 200 relatives, friends, colleagues and students attended his funeral, a brief and gracious ceremony. Professor Sheng was 86. Professor Sheng was a 1996 Joseph A. Cushman Awardee and was recognized the world over for his work in foraminiferal studies, for directing and mentoring many students in their studies, and for his efforts in helping to establish international cooperation among all scientific workers of all countries, regardless of past events and political persuasions. Professor and Academician Sheng Jinzhang (J. C. Sheng) was a member of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Academia Sinica, People’s Republic of China and was an outstanding, world-renowned micropaleontologist and biostratigrapher, who contributed extensively to …
A disease severity scoring system for children with type 1 Gaucher disease

Almost half of patients with Gaucher disease are diagnosed by the age of 10 years, and approximately two thirds are diagnosed by the age of 20 years. Besides symptomatic children, some presymptomatic children are being diagnosed through community screening programs and because of affected siblings. In addition, it is anticipated that in the near future, newborn screening for lysosomal diseases such as Gaucher disease will be introduced in the USA, identifying additional pre/nonsymptomatic children. Currently, there is no severity scoring system for children. A validated disease severity scoring system in the pediatric Gaucher population will be essential for classifying disease severity in these children, monitoring their disease progression, making decisions about when to treat them, and monitoring disease improvement with therapy. A severity scoring system will also be helpful in comparing therapeutic options as new therapies are designed. Therefore, a Pediatric Gaucher Severity Scoring System (PGS3) was devised using expert opinion and validated in 26 patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. The PGS3 correlates well with disease severity in patients at diagnosis and over time. Conclusion: A practical system that will help clinical management, based on signs and symptoms in children with type 1 Gaucher disease, is presented.
Hydrocarbon generation, migration, and venting in a portion of the offshore Louisiana Gulf of Mexico basin

The offshore Louisiana Gulf of Mexico is one of the earth's most active margins. The erosional debris of an entire continent is depositing there, in places at over 2 km/Ma. Sediments have accumulated to over 16 km thickness. Temperatures at the base of this section are hotter than those in a pizza oven (∼300° C). Hydrocarbons are maturing, brines expelling, reservoirs filling, hydrates accumulating, and gas and oil migrating into the ocean, and all this is happening today.
Multistage blind equalization in time-varying MIMO systems

In this work we evaluate the performance of multistage blind equalization scheme for time-varying MIMO systems. Equalization of the signals is achieved by minimizing a cost function, which is of a linear combination of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and the alphabet-matched algorithm (AMA). This has been previously shown to outperform the conventional CMA equalizer in recovery of non-constant modulus signals, such as 16-QAM. The transmitted sources in a MIMO system can be recovered in a multistage fashion using a cascade of CMA-based MISO equalizers. After equalization each captured source is cancelled by estimating its corresponding channel vector and subtracting the contribution of that captured source from the received signal. The modified received signal vector is then used as input to the equalizer at the next stage. A time-varying Gaussian channel model is used to evaluate the effect of time variation on multistage equalization and cancellation.
Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions

[1] We study the dynamical behavior of potential structures in the auroral upward current region. The study is based on a large two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. A double layer (DL) forms in the auroral potential structure in the counterstreaming expansion of cold and hot plasmas from bottom (ionospheric side) and top (magnetospheric side), respectively. Transversely nonuniform converging perpendicular electric field drives the plasma from the top, generating V-shaped potential structure within the expanding plasmas. The dynamical features include (1) recurring formation of the DL, (2) downward motion of the DL over the distance of thousands of Debye lengths, (3) collapse of the existing double layer after the reformation of a new one near the top in the hot magnetospheric plasma, and (4) generation of electron holes (EHs) on the high-potential side of the DL and their downward propagation over a few thousand of Debye lengths, where they are dissipated. The EHs are associated with broadband plasma waves with spectrum peaked near the lower hybrid frequency. The EH turbulence is temporally modulated by low-frequency plasma waves near the ion cyclotron frequency Ωi. Electrostatic ion cyclotron waves above Ωi occur on the low-potential side of the DL. Transverse and parallel acceleration/heating of both electrons and ions are studied. The fast moving electron holes are found effective in transverse heating of the cold ionospheric electrons trapped below the DL. Relevance of our results to satellite observations in the auroral plasma is discussed.
Optimal Maintenance‐Related Decision Making for Deteriorating Water Distribution Systems: 1. Semi‐Markovian Model for a Water Main

An optimal maintenance-related decision-making problem is investigated in this paper for deteriorating water distribution systems. A semi-Markovian model is developed to capture the dynamic evolution of the failure mode of a deteriorating main pipe, thus facilitating the determination of the optimal replacement/repair decision at various deteriorating stages. An example problem is solved to demonstrate the proposed methodology and to show the trade-off between the system's availability and the expected maintenance cost.
The Revolution, the Labour Regime and Conditions of Work in the Cotton Textile Industry in Mexico, 1910–1927

From 1910 to 1927 workers in the Mexican cotton textile industry took advantage of the larger surrounding revolution to create a revolution of their own. Based on a significant and persistent challenge to workplace authority, millhands radically transformed the labour regime in Mexican industry. Although owners combated the workers' rebellion, they never inflicted a decisive defeat. As a consequence, the conditions of work in Mexican mills improved dramatically. Among the advancements workers fought for, and obtained, were a sharp reduction in the working day from fourteen hours to eight, mandated medical care for work-related accidents and illnesses and union control of hiring and firing. The latter included the union shop and a system of tripartite boards that made it virtually impossible to fire workers who enjoyed union support. The new labour regime reflected changes in the formal and informal institutions of work, but its final institutionalisation empowered unions more than the rank and file workers who fought to change the social relations of work.
A Student Perspective on a Data Acquisition Project

As nuclear medicine technology students, we occasionally encounter opportunities to gain experience outside the classroom and away from the clinical setting. We recently received an opportunity to assist a nuclear medicine physician at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital in conducting a
Syphilis Testing in Association With Gonorrhea/Chlamydia Testing During a Syphilis Outbreak

We used an electronic medical records system retrospectively to evaluate how frequently, in a public hospital and its clinics, combined gonorrhea/chlamydia tests were accompanied by a syphilis test before and during a syphilis outbreak. Among 70 330 gonorrhea/chlamydia tests (1996–2000), the proportion with a syphilis test increased from 13% (preoutbreak) to 50% (intervention period) for men and from 6% to 13% for nonpregnant women. The increased syphilis testing coincided with a multifaceted public health intervention.
Outcome assessment from the perspective of psychological science: The TAIM approach

This chapter outlines a systematic process for developing assessment measures for complex outcomes that is based on a rigorous research approach used by psychologists.
A Comparison of the Nucleotide Sequences of Eastern and Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Viruses with Those of Other Alphaviruses and Related RNA Viruses

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of a 1982 Florida strain of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus, and partial sequence of the nonstructural protein genes of western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus, were determined. The EEE virus genome was 11,678 nucleotides in length, excluding the cap nucleotide and poly(A) tail, and the nucleotide composition was 28% A, 24% G, 25% C, and 23% U. The organization of both EEE and WEE virus genomes was like that of other alphaviruses and included a termination codon between the nsP3 and nsP4 genes. Codon usage for 10 of 20 amino acids was nonrandom in the EEE genome, and dinucleotide CpG-containing codons were underutilized in both genomes. The slight CpG deficiency was similar to that seen in other alphaviruses and plant viruses in the alphavirus-like group, but less than that of poliovirus and yellow fever virus. This slight deficiency may reflect adaptation for replication in both CpG-deficient vertebrates, as well as insects which do not have CpG-deficient genomes. Phylogenetic analyses using nonstructural protein amino acid sequences indicated that alphaviruses evolved from a common ancestor which existed a few thousand years ago. An intercontinental introduction of an ancestral virus from the Old to New World, or vice versa, probably resulted in two main extant groups; one includes New World (EEE and Venezuelan equine encephalitis) viruses, while the other includes Old World (Sindbis, Middelburg, O'nyong-nyong, Ross River, and Semliki Forest) viruses. The position of WE E virus in the phylogenetic trees indicated that, in addition to its capsid gene (C. S. Hahn et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5997-6001), WEE virus acquired its nonstructural genes from an EEE-like ancestor during recombination.
Beyond 80 percent : are there new ways of increasing vaccination coverage? evaluation of CCT programs in Mexico and Nicaragua

This study evaluates the impact of the Mexican conditional cash transfer (CCT) program, Oportunidades and the Nicaraguan program, Red de Proteccion Social, on vaccination coverage for Bacille Calmette-Guerin (vaccine against tuberculosis), Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccine, Oral Polio Vaccine and Measles-Containing Vaccine in children less than three years of age, using a randomized treatment and control design at the community level. The intent-to-treat effect on vaccination coverage is assessed using a double-difference estimator. This study found that in Mexico and Nicaragua, CCTs significantly contribute to increased vaccination coverage among children, particularly among those not reached by traditional program strategies, such as children living further from health facilities and with mothers having less than primary school
PRESOLAR GRAPHITE FROM AGB STARS: MICROSTRUCTURE AND s-PROCESS ENRICHMENT

Correlated transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry with submicron spatial resolution (NanoSIMS) investigations of the same presolar graphites spherules from the Murchison meteorite were conducted, to link the isotopic anomalies with the mineralogy and chemical composition of the graphite and its internal grains. Refractory carbide grains (especially titanium carbide) are commonly found within the graphite spherules, and most have significant concentrations of Zr, Mo, and Ru in solid solution, elements primarily produced by s-process nucleosynthesis. The effect of chemical fractionation on the Mo/Ti ratio in these carbides is limited, and therefore from this ratio one can infer the degree of s-process enrichment in the gas from which the graphite condensed. The resulting s-process enrichments within carbides are large (~200 times solar on average), showing that most of the carbide-containing graphites formed in the mass outflows of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. NanoSIMS measurements of these graphites also show isotopically light carbon (mostly in the 100 < 12C/13C < 400 range). The enrichment of these presolar graphites in both s-process elements and 12C considerably exceeds that astronomically observed around carbon stars. However, a natural correlation exists between 12C and s-process elements, as both form in the He intershell region of thermally pulsing AGB stars and are dredged up together to the surface. Their observation together suggests that these graphites may have formed in chemically and isotopically inhomogeneous regions around AGB stars, such as high-density knots or jets. As shown in the companion paper, a gas density exceeding that expected for smooth mass outflows is required for graphite of the observed size to condense at all in circumstellar environments, and the spatially inhomogeneous, high-density regions from which they condense may also be incompletely mixed with the surrounding gas. We have greatly expanded the available data set of presolar graphites (N = 847) and characterized them by their morphology (onion type and cauliflower type). This effort has also revealed two new, rare presolar phases (iron carbide and metallic osmium). Due to the peculiar gas composition needed to form these rare presolar grain types, the graphites containing them are more likely to originate in supernova outflows.
Harmonic load pull of high-power microwave devices using fundamental-only load pull tuners

This paper presents a high-power high-efficiency PA design method using traditional fundamental-frequency load pull tuners. Harmonic impedance control at the virtual drain is accomplished through the use of tunable pre-matching circuits and full-wave FEM modeling of package parasitics. A 10-mm gate periphery GaN transistor from TriQuint is characterized using the method, and load-pull contours are presented illustrating the dramatic impact of varying 2nd harmonic termination. A 3rd harmonic termination is added to satisfy conditions for class-F−1 load pull, resulting in an 8% efficiency improvement over the best-case 2nd harmonic termination. The method is verified by design and measurement of a 36-W class-F−1 PA prototype at 2.14GHz with 81% drain efficiency and 14.5 dB gain (78% PAE) in pulsed operation.
Bleach Activates a Redox-Regulated Chaperone by Oxidative Protein Unfolding

SUMMARY Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), the active ingredient in household bleach, is an effective antimicrobial produced by the mammalian host defense to kill invading microorganisms. Despite the widespread use of HOCl, surprisingly little is known about its mode of action. In this study, we demonstrate that low molar ratios of HOCl to protein cause oxidative protein unfolding in vitro and target thermolabile proteins for irreversible aggregation in vivo. As a defense mechanism, bacteria use the redox-regulated chaperone Hsp33, which responds to bleach treatment with the reversible oxidative unfolding of its C-terminal redox switch domain. HOCl-mediated unfolding turns inactive Hsp33 into a highly active chaperone holdase, which protects essential Escherichia coli proteins against HOCl-induced aggregation and increases bacterial HOCl resistance. Our results substantially improve our molecular understanding about HOCl’s functional mechanism. They suggest that the antimicrobial effects of bleach are largely based on HOCl’s ability to cause aggregation of essential bacterial proteins.
Social relationships and reproductive behavior of island foxes inferred from proximity logger data

The social behavior of the smaller fox species is poorly known compared with that of larger and more gregarious canids that can be directly observed. We studied social relationships and reproductive behavior of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on San Clemente Island (SCI) and San Miguel Island (SMI), off the coast of Southern California, using proximity logging collars. On both islands, pair members interacted more frequently and spent more time together than other types of dyads. On SCI, a high contact rate identified the same 10 mated pairs that were identified by a high degree of home-range overlap. A high contact rate also identified 3 mated pairs on SMI, 2 of which were associated with large pups 9–10 months old. On SMI, the number of contacts and amount of time that mates spent together per day varied across months and peaked in February, when most conceptions occur. Mates spent much less time together in April to June, the pup-rearing season. More unpaired male–female and male–male dyads interacted during January and February than in subsequent months. Paired males appeared to guard their mate during the period when she was receptive. The average duration of estrus was approximately 40 h. Paired females were in contact with other males in addition to their mate near the time they were presumably in estrus, and paired males were in contact with other females in addition to their mate. The relatively short duration of estrus, combined with asynchrony of estrus among females, enabled paired males to leave their mate and seek extrapair copulations without risk of cuckoldry. Proximity logging collars provide a new opportunity to learn about these temporal aspects of social and reproductive behavior in canids.
Determinants of Legislative Turnover: A Cross-National Analysis

Two decades of turnover data were collected for the national legislature of twenty-five industrialized countries. After a discussion of turnover's significance, we compare turnover rates across countries. A set of variables expected to influence turnover rates is described and multiple regression is used to test the hypotheses developed. Results show that frequency of elections, opportunity for double listings, electoral volatility and legislative institutionalization have statistically significant effects on turnover. In addition the type of electoral system (majoritarian versus proportional representation) is shown to have a statistically and substantively significant effect, with turnover much greater in the latter. Possible explanations for this effect are explored.
Understanding and Propagating Architecutural Changes

Like source code, architectures change. The use of product line architectures provides a particularly rich source of changes: new products are introduced, existing products are enhanced and modified, and old products are retired. Methods exist that record these kinds of changes by maintaining explicit representations of the evolution of a product line architecture. Despite the availability of such representations, it still is difficult to quickly gain an understanding of the exact changes that define the difference between two products. Furthermore, it is difficult to automatically propagate such changes to yet another, third product in the product line. This paper aims to fill this void and contributes a set of algorithms and an associated representation for understanding and propagating architectural changes within a product line architecture. The approach is based on xADL 2.0, an extensible representation for product line architectures, and adapts well-known differencing and merging algorithms from the field of configuration management to the domain of software architecture.
Ultrafast Solvation Dynamics at Silica/Liquid Interfaces Probed by Time-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation †

The static absorption and ultrafast solvation dynamics of a tricarbocyanine dye IR144 at the silica/acetonitrile and the silica/butanol interfaces were investigated by using steady-state second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy and pump-probe time-resolved SHG (TRSHG) experiments. At both interfaces, the peak wavelength for the S0 f S1 transition of adsorbed IR144 is significantly red-shifted with respect to the maximum absorption wavelength in the corresponding bulk solvent. Because IR144 is negatively solvatochromic, this shift is indicative of a smaller polarity at the interface. A theoretical model of TRSHG is discussed which allows extraction of the solvation dynamics correlation function from the time dependence of the TRSHG signal measured in the pump-probe experiment at a chosen probe wavelength. The time constant for the diffusive component of solvation at the silica/acetonitrile interface was found to be 1.05 ( 0.14 ps. It is somewhat shorter, although of the same order of magnitude, than the time constant for the diffusive solvation in bulk acetonitrile, 2.23 ps. At the silica/butanol interface, a time constant of 1.20 ( 0.15 ps was extracted, whereas in the bulk butanol, the corresponding diffusive solvation is biexponential with times of 3.5 and 33 ps.
WEBER AND VEBLEN ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

SUMMARY Many of the central problems surrounding economic development require a broader analytic context than that provided by traditional Western economic theory. The value of the institutionalist tradition has been referred to with increasing frequency in this regard. The contributions and shortcomings of this tradition are well illustrated in Veblen's thought. The shortcomings, the principal subject of this paper, include (a) an inadequate treatment of economic motivation (b) a tendency to view the study of economic institutions as a substitute for, rather than a complement to, price theory (including the related disciplines of mathematical economics and econometrics) and (c) an inadequate exploration of the nature and significance of alternative institutions in their relation to economic development. In each of these respects the concepts and comparative analyses of Max Weber provide valuable additions to both methodology and theory. Weber's legacy deserves the attention of all those who believe that (to paraphrase Whitehead) economics should be a survey of possibilities, not a quarrel among irritable professors.
Human-agent teamwork in cyber operations: supporting co-evolution of tasks and artifacts with luna

In this article, we outline the general concept of coactive emergence, an iterative process whereby joint sensemaking and decision-making activities are undertaken by analysts and software agents. Then we explain our rationale for the development of the Luna software agent framework. In particular, we focus on how we use capabilities for comprehensive policy-based governance to ensure that key requirements for security, declarative specification of taskwork, and built-in support for joint activity within mixed teams of humans and agents are satisfied.
Survey of Pogonognathellus Börner (Collembola: Tomoceridae) in the Southern Appalachians Based on Morphological and Molecular Data

ABSTRACT Pogonognathellus Borner is the most common genus of tomocerid Collembola in the southern Appalachian region of the United States. Scale pattern, cuticle color, and molecular data were used with morphology and chaetotaxy to reappraise the members of this genus. P. bidentatus and P. elongatus are confirmed as well-marked species; P. nigritus Maynard is removed from synonymy with P. elongatus and reestablished as a valid species, and a neotype is designated. Two new species are described. Pogonognathellus danieli n. sp. from a cave in Great Smoky Mountains National Park resembles the California cave species P. celsus but possesses clubbed tenent hairs on all tibiotarsi; in P. celsus, the tenent hairs are pointed. P. mystax n. sp. is related to the “P. flavescens complex” but differs in having a purple clypeus and a prominent band of light scales along the posterior edge of each tergite. Many collections of P. flavescens-like and P. dubius-like specimens were made but molecular analysis indicated tha...
The man-in-the-moon face: a qualitative study of body image, self-image and medication use in systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective Little is yet known about the interactions between body image, self-image, medication use and adherence to medication in people with SLE. Using a qualitative mode of enquiry, we sought to understand these experiences within a group of patients diagnosed with SLE. Methods Fifteen participants (14 female, 1 male) with SLE took part in semi-structured interviews. Their ages ranged from 22 to 57 years and disease duration ranged from 3 to 20 years. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results Analysis revealed four themes that are presented set within the overarching concept of body and self-image: the road to diagnosis, communication and treatment concordance, living with the medication and self-image-faking it. Narratives revealed significant dissatisfaction with body image, an externally located concept. Worries about appearance and weight were most commonly mentioned and were often related to steroid use. Creative non-compliance with medication was frequently described and greater concordant relationships with physicians desired. Overall, participants sought increased investment in self-image, an internally located concept. Conclusion Body and self-image are important issues for individuals with SLE. Yet participants in our study generally felt that their health care providers did not give enough consideration to their concerns over the outward appearance effects of both the disease and its treatment.
When theory meets practice: the value and limitations of the concept of projective identification.

Before the corporate entity of A T & T was broken up so that hungry predators could sweep up the fragments and take over the telecommunications industry, it was affectionately known as “Ma Bell.” I recall as a youngster hearing its radio advertisement that told us, over and over, “we’re all connected.” And indeed we are all connected. No one exists in isolation. We start out in life developing inside another person, to whom we are connected by an umbilical cord as our lifeline. And that is only the beginning. When we emerge into the world, in a physically helpless but mentally active, secondarily altricial state, we continue to be connected to a mothering caregiver who among other things is indeed our Ma Bell. We are in continual and, in a sense, continuous communication with her as we use our mindbrain—the felicitous term employed by Damasio (2010) and Panksepp (2012)—to learn how to affectively regulate ourselves and
Do Weak Detonation Waves Exist

The interaction of a detonation wave with a boundary gas results in a lateral shock wave moving into the boundary. Certain explosive-boundary gas combinations produce a detached shock wave with a detonation velocity about one-half of the Chapman-Jouguet velocity. The existence of this "detonation wave" gave rise to speculation that a weak detonation wave might exist. To investigate this possibility, a series of experiments were conducted using explosive-boundary gas combinations that formed a detached shock, thus a sub-ChapmanJouguet wave. Results using H2-O2 mixtures bounded by H2 or He showed a wave traveling at a velocity approximately 83% of the Chapman-Jouguet velocity. Experiments with a CH 4-O2 mixture bounded by He resulted in a wave traveling at approximately 44% of the Chapman-Jouguet velocity. Although the evidence is not conclusive, it is believed that the sub-Chapman-Jouguet wave is a quenched detonation wave decaying to a quasisteady value corresponding to the sound speed in the boundary gas.
Detecting Features using Random Sample Theory

This paper aims to detect features in 2-D and 3-D highly noisy images using random sample theory fast and with high detection performance. The proposed method yields faster results than standard feature detection algorithms, such as the Hough transform (HT) or its variants, while keeping the the performance level of HT. Proposed method first finds possible feature areas by creating random hypothesis and testing them. Features are re-estimated by only searching these possible areas which reduces the total search space.The proposed algorithm is tested on both simulated and experimental subsurface Seismic and GPR images for searching linear features like pipes or tunnels. Results show that the proposed algorithm can detect features accurately and much faster than conventional methods.
Pharmacodynamics of Cefepime Alone and in Combination with Various Antimicrobials against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Infection Model

Treatment options for gram-positive resistant bacteria are limited; therefore, efforts to evaluate therapy options in the critical care population are warranted. Cefepime has broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. We have previously demonstrated that the combination of cefepime with vancomycin, linezolid, or quinupristin-dalfopristin had an improved or enhanced effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We investigated various regimens of cefepime alone and in combination against two clinical MRSA isolates (R2481 and R2484) in an established in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Human pharmacokinetic regimen simulations were as follows: cefepime, 2 g every 8 h (q8h) (C8) and 12 h (C12), continuous-infusion 2-g loading dose followed by 4 g alone or in combination with gentamicin and tobramycin (1.0 or 2.0 [G1 and G2 or TB1 and TB2] mg/kg of body weight q12h and 5.0 [G5 or TB5] mg/kg q24h), arbekacin (ARB) (100 mg q12h), linezolid (LIN) (600 mg q12h), tigecycline (TIG) (100 mg q24h), or daptomycin (DAP) (6 mg/kg q24h) for 48 h. The MICs for cefepime, gentamicin, tobramycin, ARB, LIN, TIG, and DAP for the two clinical MRSA isolates (R2481 and R2484) were 4 and 4, 0.25 and 0.5, 128 and 0.5, 0.5 and 0.125, 2 and 4, 0.25 and 0.25, and 0.0625 and 0.125 microg/ml, respectively. At 48 h, combinations of C12 and C8 plus ARB, G1, or G5 (range, -2.05- to -4.32-log(10) decrease) demonstrated enhanced lethality against R2481 (resistant to tobramycin) (P < 0.05). A similar relationship was demonstrated against R2484 with cefepime plus ARB, gentamicin, or tobramycin (range, -2.05- to -3.63-log(10) decrease) (P < 0.05). A 99.9% kill was achieved with cefepime plus aminoglycoside combinations as early as 2 h and maintained throughout the 48-h period. TIG was antagonistic when combined with C12 against both isolates. DAP alone achieved 99.9% kill for up to 48 h for both isolates and was the most active agent against R2481 and R2484 (-2.89- and -3.61-log(10) decrease at 48 h); therefore, combination therapy did not enhance lethality. Overall, the most potent combinations noted were cefepime in combination with low- and high-dose aminoglycosides. Further investigations with combination therapies are warranted.
A Bend in the Road: Easement Relocation and Pliability in the New Restatement (Third) of Property: Servitudes

Section 4.8(3) of the Restatement (Third) of Property: Servitudes adopts a seemingly radical new approach to the question of whether an easement may be relocated by the servient estate owner without the easement holder's consent. Although the traditional common law rule prevented the unilateral relocation of an easement by the servient estate owner, the new Restatement rule allows such a relocation for purposes of developing the servient estate as long as the relocated easement continues to serve the holder's needs and is not unduly burdensome. This new approach, which was borrowed whole cloth from the civil law rule long used in Louisiana and Europe, has recently been adopted by major common law jurisdictions such as New York, Massachusetts and Colorado, at the same time that it has been subject to stinging criticism from American property law scholars. This article situates the debate surrounding section 4.8(3) in the now long simmering but still expanding discourse over property and liability rules as entitlement protection mechanisms. In particular, this article argues that Abraham Bell and Gideon Parchomovsky's vision of pliability rules, a dynamic form of liability rules that respond to some of the criticisms of liability rules and yet can provide flexibility when the competing interests of multiple parties and constituencies need to be balanced, can be a useful lens for understanding and ultimately refining section 4.8(3). Ultimately, this article shows that although section 4.8(3)'s shift from a property to a liability rule approach in the context of easement relocation carries risks of increasing uncertainty, discouraging investment and perhaps fomenting market avoidance, it is nevertheless a productive change in the law because it helps courts and parties understand easement and servitudes not as inflexible property rights but as evolving relationships between parties with concurrent interests in the same land, one that is quasi-possessory and the other fully possessory. The article also suggests four specific ways in which section 4.8(3) could be refined in the direction of a more nuanced and refined pliability rule consistent with the vision of Bell and Parchomovksy to respond to important criticisms leveled against it and liability rules in general. In the end, a refined section 4.8(3) can itself become a prime example of the value of pliability rule modeling as a technique for entitlement protection design.
Psychology and Catholicism: Institutionalizing the relationship

There would have been no contested boundaries between Catholicism and psychology if there had not had been places – physical locations and social institutions alike – where the lines could be drawn, divisions of labor proposed, social groups formed, and authorities created. In this chapter, we turn to some of these places. Primary institutions were psychology departments at Catholic colleges and universities, because they educated the cadre of psychologists who later created other institutions and staffed the – eventually – growing number of psychology departments, child guidance clinics, and other centers of applied psychology in the Catholic community. So we look briefly at the founding of psychology departments at Catholic universities in the early years of the twentieth century. Then, we turn to three organizations of Catholics in psychology: the Chicago Society of Catholic Psychologists, the American Catholic Psychological Association (ACPA), and the Guild of Catholic Psychiatrists (not psychologists, strictly speaking, but in the psychological field nonetheless). The focus will be primarily on the ACPA, as that was the group that made the biggest impact on the Catholic community during the years of its existence, 1948–70. These institutional responses to psychology presupposed an attunement to the new discipline's usefulness in addressing difficulties, especially in education. In the early years of the twentieth century, there was not only a push from Catholic psychologists to incorporate the discipline into the community; there was a pull from others in the community to bring it in.
World Bank Group archives access to memory implementation : lessons learned

The World Bank Group (WBG) Archives selected the open-source platform Access to Memory (AtoM) to support the Arrangement & Description program and the creation of the new Archives Holdings (https://archivesholdings.worldbank.org/) website. There were many challenges and opportunities to implementing and customizing open-source software, especially in the context of an archives embedded within a larger organization. This paper will chronicle the full life-cycle process of creating the Archives Holdings website, including lessons learned related to integration with established WBG systems and the collaboration across teams within the organization.
Efficacy of adenoviral TNFα antisense is enhanced by a macrophage specific promoter

Macrophage-derived TNF alpha is a critical mediator of inflammation and destruction in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. These studies were undertaken to develop an effective adenovirus-based strategy to specifically suppress TNF alpha in primary human macrophages. A variety of promoters and LTRs were evaluated for effective expression in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The CMV promoter and the Visna LTR were the most strongly expressed and were therefore used to drive the expression of TNF alpha antisense fragments. In transient transfection assays, the antisense fragment terminating at the 3' end of the first exon (216 bp) was superior to the others (70 and 750 bp), when expressed under the control of either the CMV promoter or the Visna LTR. Adenoviral vectors expressing the 216 bp TNF alpha antisense fragment, controlled by the CMV promoter or the Visna LTR, were both effective at suppressing LPS-induced TNF alpha secretion by primary human macrophages. However, the Visna LTR was more effective not only at suppressing LPS-induced TNF alpha secretion, but also IL-6, which is highly sensitive to TNF alpha secretion. These results demonstrate that effective, specific, suppression of TNF alpha in macrophages is possible, employing a directed antisense approach and a promoter system that is highly efficient in human macrophages.
Dietary Fiber in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients

Increased fiber in the diet has been shown in the past to improve bowel function in elderly outpatients and in long-term care institutions. A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted in a geriatric ward of an acute-care hospital to see if a palatable form of fiber would decrease the incidence of constipation and use of laxatives. In this patient sample, no beneficial effect of fiber supplementation could be found when used up to three weeks.
A bibliometric analysis of statistical terms used in American Physical Therapy Association journals (2011-2012): evidence for educating physical therapists.

A primary barrier to the implementation of evidence based practice (EBP) in physical therapy is therapists’ limited ability to understand and interpret statistics. Physical therapists demonstrate limited skills and report low self-efficacy for interpreting results of statistical procedures. While standards for physical therapist education include statistics, little empirical evidence is available to inform what should constitute such curricula. The purpose of this study was to conduct a census of the statistical terms and study designs used in physical therapy literature and to use the results to make recommendations for curricular development in physical therapist education. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 14 peer-reviewed journals associated with the American Physical Therapy Association over 12 months (Oct 2011-Sept 2012). Trained raters recorded every statistical term appearing in identified systematic reviews, primary research reports, and case series and case reports. Investigator-reported study design was also recorded. Terms representing the same statistical test or concept were combined into a single, representative term. Cumulative percentage was used to identify the most common representative statistical terms. Common representative terms were organized into eight categories to inform curricular design. Of 485 articles reviewed, 391 met the inclusion criteria. These 391 articles used 532 different terms which were combined into 321 representative terms; 13.1 (sd = 8.0) terms per article. Eighty-one representative terms constituted 90 % of all representative term occurrences. Of the remaining 240 representative terms, 105 (44 %) were used in only one article. The most common study design was prospective cohort (32.5 %). Physical therapy literature contains a large number of statistical terms and concepts for readers to navigate. However, in the year sampled, 81 representative terms accounted for 90 % of all occurrences. These “common representative terms” can be used to inform curricula to promote physical therapists’ skills, competency, and confidence in interpreting statistics in their professional literature. We make specific recommendations for curriculum development informed by our findings.