cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BSAP/Pax5A expression blocks survival and expansion of early myeloid cells implicating its involvement in maintaining commitment to the B-lymphocyte lineage

Early B lymphopoiesis is marked by plasticity between the myeloid and B lineages. An attractive model for B-lineage development is that commitment to this lineage is partly determined by the ordered expression of genes that prohibit switching to the myeloid lineage. In this regard, whereas the role of the B-cell–specific transcription factor BSAP/Pax5A in regulating B-lymphoid–restricted gene expression has been well-established, its role in maintaining B-lineage commitment is unclear. Thus, BSAP/Pax5A was constitutively expressed in the multipotent EML cell line, which can be directed toward the myeloid lineage by culture with interleukin-3 (IL-3) and retinoic acid. EML cells expressing BSAP/Pax5A successfully acquired the myeloid lineage markers CD11b and F4/80 in response to IL-3 and retinoic acid, indicating differentiation to the myeloid lineage. However, these early myeloid cells failed to expand in culture with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and were directed instead toward an apoptotic pathway. In parallel, primary bone marrow stem cells transduced with retrovirus constitutively expressing BSAP/Pax5A began myeloid cell differentiation, but like the transformed EML model failed to expand in response to myeloid growth factors. These studies identify a role for BSAP/Pax5A in suppressing the response to myeloid growth factors, which may be a component of the regulatory processes that limit plasticity of early B-lymphoid progenitors.
The pharmacist's role in maintaining adherence to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To provide pharmacists with recommendations on how to help patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) achieve optimal glycemic control with insulin therapy by addressing common barriers to insulin and to improve adherence to therapy. Data sources Articles identified from PubMed searches using the terms diabetes, insulin, monitoring, pharmacist, counseling, intensive antidiabetic therapy, glycemic control, adherence, and compliance in various combinations. Data extraction Studies selected provided information on glycemic control, patient counseling to support glycemic control, prevention of diabetes complications, barriers to initiating insulin treatment, and patient adherence to antidiabetic therapies. Data synthesis An abundance of data support achieving glycemic control for prevention of diabetes-associated complications. However, most patients with diabetes do not receive optimal therapy to attain and/or maintain glycemic goals. Insulin regimens, such as basal-insulin therapy, added to oral agents or basal-prandial approaches, are effective, but often are delayed or inadequately advanced. Additionally, some patients may not obtain maximal therapeutic benefit because of poor adherence to their treatment plans. Since patients may have more frequent or easy access to pharmacists in community, clinic, and hospital settings, pharmacists are in a position to identify adherence issues and barriers to insulin use and, through education and counseling, help their patients with T2DM optimize the use of insulin therapy. Conclusion Pharmacists can play a pivotal role in improving adherence to insulin therapy and support the efforts of other members of the health care team in helping patients with T2DM attain and maintain glycemic goals.
Efficacy of selected granular insecticides in soil in Florunner peanut fields to larvae of lesser cornstalk borer (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae)

Survival of lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignose/lus (Zeller), larvae in soil from conventionally tilled and planted ‘Florunner’ peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., fields treated with selected granular insecticides at pegging was evaluated in Alabama and Florida in 1988 and 1989. Insecticides tested were chlorpyrifos, fonofos, butathiofos, ethoprop, tefluthrin, terbufos, and Fortress (O, O-diethyl O-1,2,2,2,2, tetrachlorethyl phosphorothioate). Survival of lesser cornstalk borer larvae in untreated soil was 84.8 ± 2.1% (x ± SEM). Chlorpyrifos and fonofos significantly reduced larval survival compared with larval survival in soil from untreated plots 5-14 d after application in all four experiments. They were also the only insecticides that reduced larval survival at 25-28 d after application in three of the four experiments. Chlorpyrifos was the only insecticide that was effective for> 14 d in all four experiments. The length of effectiveness of chlorpyrifos, as indicated by laboratory bioassay, ranged from 19 to 67 d after treatment.
Hospital nursing workforce costs, wages, occupational mix, and resource utilization.

BACKGROUND : The objective of the study was to better understand how hospitals use different types of RNs, LPNs, and nurse aides in proprietary (for-profit), nonprofit, and government-owned hospitals and to estimate the wages, cost, and intensity of nursing care using a national data set. METHOD : This is a cross-sectional observational study of 3,129 acute care hospitals in all 50 states and District of Columbia using data from the 2008 Occupational Mix Survey administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Nursing skill mix, hours, and labor costs were combined with other CMS hospital descriptive data, including type of hospital ownership, urban or rural location, hospital beds, and case-mix index. RESULTS : RN labor costs make up 25.5% of all hospital expenditures annually, and all nursing labor costs represent 30.1%, which is nearly a quarter trillion dollars ($216.7 billion) per year for inpatient nursing care. On average, proprietary hospitals employ 1.3 RNs per bed and 1.9 nursing personnel per bed in urban hospitals compared with 1.7 RNs per bed and 2.3 nursing personnel per bed for nonprofit and government-owned hospitals (P < .05). States with higher ratios of RN compared with LPN licenses used fewer LPNs in the inpatient setting. CONCLUSION : The findings from this study can be helpful in comparing nursing care across different types of hospitals, ownership, and geographic locations and used as a benchmark for future nursing workforce needs and costs.
Cytogenetics of acute leukemia in 90 children and young adults. Prognostic value of karyotypic status at diagnosis.

The karyotypic abnormalities of 90 children and young adults with acute leukemia presenting at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation during a ten-year period are summarized. There was an inverse relationship between age and survival as well as an association between type of leukemia and survival. Certain cytogenetic abnormalities were also associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Both pseudodiploidy and the presence of an unidentifiable marker chromosome were determined to have a median survival of five months. Pseudodiploidy may be characterized by specific translocations such as t(8;14), t(4;ll), t(9;22), and t(15;17), which are associated with clinical subgroups of acute leukemia known to be poorly responsive to therapy. Conversely, hyperdiploidy and normal diploidy in childhood leukemia determined a subgroup of patients with a median survival of 30 months.
Findings and Recommendations from the NIST Workshop on Alternative Fuels and Materials: Biocorrosion.

In 2013, the Applied Chemicals and Materials Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) hosted a workshop to identify and prioritize research needs in the area of biocorrosion. Materials used to store and distribute alternative fuels have experienced an increase in corrosion due to the unique conditions caused by the presence of microbes and the chemistry of biofuels and biofuel precursors. Participants in this workshop, including experts from the microbiological, fuel, and materials communities, delved into the unique materials and chemical challenges that occur with production, transport, and storage of alternative fuels. Discussions focused on specific problems including: a) the changing composition of “drop-in” fuels and the impact of that composition on materials; b) the influence of microbial populations on corrosion and fuel quality; and c) state-of-the-art measurement technologies for monitoring material degradation and biofilm formation.
A Means of Control of The European Hen Flea (Ceratophyllus Gallinae Schrank)

This paper very briefly describes the control of the European hen flea ( Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank), a potential pest of considerable economic importance to poultrymen, by spraying the buildings with Phinotas Disinfectant and dipping the birds in the same material.
HIV latency reversal research and the potential effects on the central nervous system: is concern warranted?

No abstract available. (Published: 9 May 2016) Citation: Anderson AM et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2016, 19 :21008 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/21008 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.1.21008
The comparison on the efficacy of catching flies by fly-capturer and fly trap

Objective To compare the efficacy of catching flies by the fly-capturer and fly trap with brown sugar and vinegar as baits.Methods Testing in analogous room and in field.Results In analogous room,the average rate of catching flies by the fly-capturer and fly trap were 92.1% and 0.2% in 2h.In field,the amount of caught flies by the fly-capturer was much higher than by the fly trap(CHISQ=11.3,P0.05).The dominant flies were genus Musca and Lucilia caught by both of them.The time of the first fly entering into the fly-capturer and fly trap were 6 min and 39 min,and there was more significant difference between them(S=-10.5,P0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of catching flies by the fly-capturer was better than by fly trap with brown sugar and vinegar as baits,and it should be used in the place where there was more Musca domestica.
Information Integration Demand Analysis and Data Modeling for Interactive Electric Power Business Hall

In view of the difficulty in information integration,high cost of data maintenance and the problems in in-depth information utilization due to scattered information,nonuniform data models and nonstandard information exchange interface in an interactive business hall,the functions and information of various application systems in the interactive business hall are dealt with,the information flow mechanism and the requirement of information integration in the interactive business hall are analyzed.A unified data modeling method based on the IEC 61970 common information model(CIM) is proposed.Loose coupled integration of the application systems in the business hall is realized by establishing a service framework based on a service-oriented architecture(SOA) component model with the utilization of a local information exchanged bus created by the enterprise service bus(ESB) message mechanism and the document direction.In addition,accurate and efficient information delivery between application systems is realized,reducing the maintenance cost of the interactive business hall.
Formulating reductionism about testimonial warrant and the challenge from childhood testimony

The case of very young children is a test case for the plausibility of reductionism about testimonial warrant. Reductionism requires reductive reasons, reductively justified and actively deployed for testimonial justification. Though nascent language-users enjoy warranted testimony based beliefs, they do not meet these three reductionist demands. This paper clearly formulates reductionism and the infant/child objection. Two rejoinders are discussed: an influential conceptual argument from Jennifer Lackey’s paper “Testimony and the Infant/Child Objection” and the growing empirical evidence from developmental psychology on selective trust in children. Neither Lackey’s argument nor the empirical evidence vindicate reductionism.
Combining laparoscopic cholecystectomy and (peri) umbilical herniorrhaphy.

Clinically significant umbiiical hernias are frequently encountered in patients needing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It is. safer and quicker to first expose and reduce the hernia in a standard fashion rather than endoscopically. Cholecystectomy can then be done with a Hasson trocar, as camera port, in the hernia defect. Herniorrhaphy is performed after gallbladder extraction.
Analysis of the effect of 5-fluorouracil on the synthesis and translation of polysomal poly(A)RNA from Ehrlich ascites cells.

The effects of 5-fluorouracil on the synthesis and translation in vitro of polyadenylic acid-containing polysomal RNA [poly(A)RNA] were studied in Ehrlich ascites cells incubated in vitro. Exposure of cells for 2 hr to concentrations of 5 x 10-6-5 x 10-4 M 5-fluorouracil did not significantly alter the size distribution of poly(A)RNA labeled with either [3H]adenosine or [3H]5-fluorouracil. Incorporation of [3H]adenosine into poly(A)RNA was reduced by 28% and 57% at concentrations of 5 x 10-5 M and 5 x 10-4 M 5-fluorouracil, respectively. The latter effect correlated with increased drug substitution which ranged from approximately 0.1% to 2% at concentrations of 5 x 10-6-5 x 10-4 M 5-fluorouracil. Translation of 5-fluorouracil-substituted poly(A)RNA in vitro in either a rabbit reticulocyte lysate or wheat germ extract system did not indicate a quantitative alteration in messenger RNA activity. Autoradiography of labeled translation products did not indicate major qualitative alterations between control and 5-fluorouracil-modified poly(A)RNA. These results suggest that impairment in the synthesis of messenger RNA occurs only at high concentrations of 5-fluorouracil, but that the integrity of the translational activity of the RNA is not significantly impaired.
Using Facial Expression and Body Language to Express Attitude for Non-Humanoid Robot: (Extended Abstract)

This work investigates designing social interactions for robots that are large and sturdy, and whose bodies may be not built proportionally to human. A modified version of Baxter robot was used. We examined the usage of facial expression, social dialogue, and arm movement to make people feel comfortable to interact with the robot. Our results show that body language may play a more important role than facial expressions for such robots, and that the synchronization between speech and body movements is critical.
Threat-removal strategies for partial-order planning

McAllester and Rosenblitts' (1991) systematic nonlinear planner (SNLP) removes threats as they are discovered. In other planners such as SIPE (Wilkins, 1988), and NOAH (Sacerdoti, 1977), threat resolution is partially or completely delayed. In this paper, we demonstrate that planner efficiency may be vastly improved by the use of alternatives to these threat removal strategies. We discuss five threat removal strategies and prove that two of these strategies dominate the other three--resulting in a provably smaller search space. Furthermore, the systematicity of the planning algorithm is preserved for each of the threat removal strategies. Finally, we confirm our results experimentally using a large number of planning examples including examples from the literature.
Thinking Outside the Cell: Replicating Replication In Vitro

Benchmark studies by Yeeles et al. (2017), Kurat et al. (2017), and Devbhandari et al. (2017) have reconstituted rapid and regulated budding yeast DNA replication on naked and chromatinized templates in vitro, providing key insights into this fundamentally important process.
Transient smartphone blindness: Relevance to misdiagnosis in neurologic practice

Transient smartphone blindness (TSB) was recently described in 2 women who experienced recurrent episodes of monocular vision impairment immediately after viewing a smartphone.1 This physiologic phenomenon is caused by temporarily discrepant light adaptation levels between the 2 retinae. We confirm the phenomenon of TSB and its relevance to neurologic practice, including the potential for misdiagnosis as cerebrovascular disease or multiple sclerosis (MS).
Commissioning, clinical implementation, and performance of the Mobetron 2000 for intraoperative radiation therapy.

The Mobetron is a mobile electron accelerator designed to deliver therapeutic radiation dose intraoperatively while diseased tissue is exposed. Experience with the Mobetron 1000 has been reported extensively. However, since the time of those publications a new model, the Mobetron 2000, has become commercially available. Experience commissioning this new model and 3 years of data from historical use are reported here. Descriptions of differences between the models are emphasized, both in physical form and in dosimetric characteristics. Results from commissioning measurements including output factors, air gap factors, percent depth doses (PDDs), and 2D dose profiles are reported. Output factors are found to have changed considerably in the new model, with factors as high as 1.7 being measured. An example lookup table of appropriate accessory/energy combinations for a given target dimension is presented, and the method used to generate it described. Results from 3 years of daily QA measurements are outlined. Finally, practical considerations garnered from 3 years of use are presented.
The Effects of Both Chewing Rate and Chewing Duration on Temporal Flavor Perception

Previous research showed that the number of chews has been shown to influence flavor perception in crispy potato chips. This study aimed to further determine how the number of chews modulates the temporal dynamics of flavor perception (i.e., flavor development) in potato chips. The number of chews was manipulated not only by changing chewing rate (40, 80, and 120 chews/min) for a fixed swallowing time (at 25 s after the onset of the first bite; experiment 1), but also by changing the time to swallow (10, 20, and 30 s after the onset of the first bite) for a constant chewing rate (80 chews/min; experiment 2). In experiment 1, the time-intensity (TI) analysis showed that the maximum flavor intensity (Imax) and the area under the curve (AUC) were significantly higher for the medium (80 chews/min) and fast (120 chews/min) chewing rates than for the slow (40 chews/min) chewing rate in both plain and spicy flavored chips. In experiment 2, the temporal flavor perception was altered by the interaction between the chewing duration before swallowing and the flavor type of the potato chips. More specifically, in the natural chewing rate, while the Imax and AUC of spicy flavored chips were the greatest when the bolus was swallowed after the natural chewing-duration (for 20 s), the AUC of plain flavored chips was significantly greater in the longer chewing-duration (for 30 s) than the natural chewing-duration. This study supports and extends the notion that the number of chews, and corresponding parameters such as chewing rate and duration, affect temporal flavor perception in the plain and spicy flavored potato chips. Our findings show that flavor intensity of plain and spicy potato chips can be reduced when people chew the chips slowly and/or swallow quickly.
Assessment of endothelialization of aneurysm wall over time in a rabbit model through CD31 scoring

Background Intracranial aneurysms represent a significant health concern and are poorly understood despite decades of research. Our study focused on understanding temporal patterns of endothelial cell distribution in different spatial locations within the aneurysm early after creation in a rabbit model. Methods Elastase induced saccular aneurysms were created in rabbits and harvested on day 1 (n=3) and after 2 (n=5), 4 (n=4), 8 (n=5), and 12 (n=6) weeks. Sham operated controls (n=3) were harvested on the same day. Aneurysm and control tissue samples were subjected to en face whole mount CD31 staining for endothelial cells. Semiquantitative scoring was performed on the basis of endothelial coverage of the vessel wall (proximal, middle, and distal portions of the aneurysm dome). Mixed effects models were used to assess the effect of time and aneurysm section on endothelial coverage. Results Aneurysmal segments were near completely de-endothelialized at 4 and 8 weeks but had re-endothelialized by 12 weeks. Compared with controls, aneurysms at all time points showed decreased endothelialization, but the difference was only significant compared with the 4 and 8 week groups. Both time (P=0.03) and aneurysm section (P=0.07) were significantly associated with the degree of endothelialization. Proximal locations showed increased endothelialization compared with distal locations (P=0.03). Conclusion In experimental aneurysms of rabbits, endothelial cells regress during the first month after creation, followed by ascending re-endothelialization that stays incomplete. These findings suggest that re-population of endothelial cells comes from resident cells in the adjacent parent artery and that deranged hemodynamics may affect full reconstitution of endothelial cells long term.
Haloacetic Acid Water Disinfection Byproducts Affect Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity and Disrupt Cellular Metabolism

The disinfection of drinking water has been a major public health achievement. However, haloacetic acids (HAAs), generated as by-products of water disinfection, are cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Previous studies of monoHAA-induced genotoxicity and cell stress demonstrated that the toxicity was due to inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) leading to disruption of cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. DiHAAs and triHAAs are also produced during water disinfection, and whether they share mechanisms of action with monoHAAs is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of mono-, di-, and tri-HAAs on cellular GAPDH enzyme kinetics, cellular ATP levels, and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity. Here, treatments conducted in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells revealed differences among mono-, di-, and triHAA in their molecular targets. The monoHAAs, iodoacedic acid and bromoacetic acid, were the strongest inhibitors of GAPDH and greatly...
Increasing understanding for syrian refugee children with empirical evidence

ABSTRACTToday, Syrians represent the largest refugee group in the world. Since the beginning of the Syrian civil war in 2012, more than 5.2 million Syrians have fled the country as refugees, and about half of these are children. Most of the Syrian refugees are currently living in neighboring countries, with Turkey hosting the largest group with numbers above 3.2 million as of November 2017. Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq combined host about 2 million Syrian refugees. While the Syrian crisis, deservedly, has been covered in the news and debated in terms of it effects internationally, we lack empirical evidence of how this crisis is affecting children and families. This special issue is designed to begin to address this important gap in the literature with five new empirical studies on Syrian refugee children, focusing on their psychological and educational needs.
Addressing The Privacy Paradox through Personalized Privacy Notifications

Privacy behaviors of individuals are often inconsistent with their stated attitudes, a phenomenon known as the "privacy paradox." These inconsistencies may lead to troublesome or regrettable experiences. To help people address these privacy inconsistencies, we propose a personalized privacy notification approach that juxtaposes users' general privacy attitudes towards specific technologies and the potential privacy riskiness of particular instances of such technology, right when users make decisions about whether and/or how to use the technology under consideration. Highlighting the privacy inconsistencies to users was designed to nudge them in making decisions in a way that aligns with their privacy attitudes. To illustrate this approach, we chose the domain of mobile apps and designed a privacy discrepancy interface that highlights this discrepancy between users' general privacy attitudes towards mobile apps and the potential privacy riskiness of a particular app, nudging them to make app installation and/or permission granting decisions reflecting their privacy attitudes. To evaluate this interface, we conducted an online experiment simulating the process of installing Android apps. We compared the privacy discrepancy approach with several existing privacy notification approaches. Our results suggest that the behaviors of participants who used the privacy discrepancy interface better reflected their privacy attitudes than the other approaches.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Perspectives on Big Data

Big data has the potential of offering valuable insights into the way organizations function, and it is changing the way organizations make decisions. Nine invited essays provide a wide range of perspectives on the role of big data in customer‐driven supply chains, healthcare operations, retail operations, demand planning and manufacturing, environmental and social issues, humanitarian operations, agriculture supply chains, and service operations. Decision makers should have clean, valid, and reliable data, and they should have a thorough understanding of the contexts of applications. Big data shorten virtual distance to customers, and thus facilitate personalization of products and services. Successful implementation of big data applications requires sharing the data with appropriate stakeholders.
Comparative Analyses of Herbivory Rates and Leaf Phenology in Invasive and Native Shrubs in an East-Central Indiana Forest1

Exotic species that become invasive can have a strong impact on the success of native species because of traits that enhance their competitive abilities. This study investigates three potential trait differences between common invasive and native shrubs that could enhance the competitive success of invasives: resistance to herbivory, length of autumn leaf retention, and timing of spring leaf emergence. We measured herbivory per plant by leaf-chewing insects, autumn leaf color change and retention, and spring leaf-out in five native and five invasive shrub species in Wildman Woods near Richmond, Indiana, during the fall of 2014 and the spring of 2015. Although we found variation among species, native plants as a group had significantly greater percent leaf herbivory per plant compared to invasive plants, while invasive plants kept chlorophyll significantly later in autumn and had longer leaf retention. Invasive plants also leaf out slightly earlier than native species. Our findings in 2014 were very similar to previous unpublished work in the same area on several of the same species in 2002, 2004, and 2007, suggesting that these patterns are consistent between years. Overall, we found evidence that lower herbivory rates, longer leaf retention in fall, and perhaps earlier leaf-out in spring could improve the competitive abilities of invasive shrub species through increased season-long photosynthesis.
Impact of the Health Resources and Services Administration's state oral health workforce grant program on dental workforce density and access to oral health care.

Abstract Background The Health Resources and Services Administration’s Grants to States to Support Oral Health Workforce Activities, otherwise known as the State Oral Health Workforce Program (SOHWP), help states develop and implement innovations that address the workforce needs of dental Health Professional Shortage Areas in a manner appropriate to the states’ individual needs. Aim This cross-sectional study explores the broad impact of the SOHWP by comparing measures of dental workforce density and access to oral health care in states with multiple years of funding versus states with few or no years of funding. Methods We used data for 2006–2016 SOHWP awardees together with data from the 2016–2017 Area Health Resources Files and the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to compare numbers of dentists per 100,000 population and age-adjusted prevalence of annual dental visits among adults for long-term SOHWP-funded states versus states with few or no years of funding. Results Multi-year SOHWP funding is associated with higher workforce density and greater access to oral health care, especially in the Midwest and West. Conclusion Allowing states funding utilization flexibility may result in improved outcomes. This finding can help inform planning and policy about whether and how to scale future training and workforce programs to achieve greater impact.
Recycling melodrama: HBO’s “quality television” discourse and the place of women’s testimony

Over the past decade, HBO has turned towards domestic melodramas like Olive Kitteridge (2014), Sharp Objects (2018), and Big Little Lies (2017) to cultivate its aesthetic brand of “quality televisi...
Interactions of two bubbles along a gaseous interface undergoing the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in two dimensions

Abstract The vorticity-driven interactions involving bubbles and spikes along a shock-accelerated interface significantly affect the dynamics of the flow and likely contribute to an eventual turbulent transition. In this study, the interaction of two adjacent bubbles of different sizes undergoing the Richtmyer–Meshkov process is investigated numerically in two dimensions. In particular, we compare two-bubble configurations with different initial amplitude ratios and wavelength ratios. Simulations are performed using an in-house, high-order accurate Discontinuous Galerkin code solving the Euler equations for a shock-accelerated interface initially perturbed with a periodic array of alternating sinusoids of different sizes. Two types of departures from existing bubble-merging models are observed, caused by a vorticity imbalance on the sides of the bubbles leading to spikes that either diverge or converge beneath the larger bubble, thus resulting in the generation of vortex dipoles escaping the confines of the mixing region or in the reacceleration of the larger bubbles. A vorticity-based criterion for predicting the generation of vortex dipoles and the reacceleration of larger bubbles from the initial conditions is developed.
Transient snap-through of a bistable composite laminate under asymmetric point load

Bistable fiber composite laminates have promising capabilities for shape morphing and have found applications in advanced airframes, energy harvesting, and robotics. Their bistability originates from an asymmetric ply layout and can create highly complex deformations during the snap-through from one stable state to the other. There- fore, it is essential to understand the transient behaviors of these laminates under different loading conditions. Although simple symmetric loading conditions are well understood, asymmetric loading conditions received far less attention. In this study, we investigate the transient deformation of a [0°/90°] square laminate subjected to an asymmetric point load at different locations. Finite element simulation and experimental testing both show that, depending on the loading position, snap-through can either be a one-step or two-step process, while each step is related to the curvature change of a laminate edge. Also, at some loading positions, snap-through is unattainable regardless of the input magnitude. The results of this study would help us obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the nonlinear mechanics of bistable composite laminates showing transient response to different external forces.
A new bis(rhodamine)-based colorimetric chemosensor for Cu2+

Abstract A novel sensor (RD) bearing rhodamine B and 4-tert-Butyl phenol unit have been designed and synthesized using microwave irradiation. The sensor allows selective detection of Cu2+ by forming absorptive complex and trigger the formation of highly colored ring-open spirolactam. The recognition ability of the sensor was investigated by absorbance, Job’s plot, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations.
ULTRAVIOLET MORPHOLOGY AND UNOBSCURED UV STAR FORMATION RATES OF CLASH BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES

Brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) are usually quiescent, but many exhibit star formation. Here we exploit the opportunity provided by rest-frame UV imaging of galaxy clusters in the Cluster Lensing and Supernovae with Hubble (CLASH) Multi-Cycle Treasury Project to reveal the diversity of UV morphologies in BCGs and to compare them with recent simulations of the cool, star-forming gas structures produced by precipitation-driven feedback. All of the CLASH BCGs are detected in the rest-frame UV (280 nm), regardless of their star formation activity, because evolved stellar populations produce a modest amount of UV light that traces the relatively smooth, symmetric, and centrally peaked stellar distribution seen in the near infrared. Ultraviolet morphologies among the BCGs with strong UV excesses exhibit distinctive knots, multiple elongated clumps, and extended filaments of emission that distinctly differ from the smooth profiles of the UV-quiet BCGs. These structures, which are similar to those seen in the few star-forming BCGs observed in the UV at low redshift, are suggestive of bi-polar streams of clumpy star formation, but not of spiral arms or large, kiloparsec-scale disks. Based on the number of streams and lack of culprit companion galaxies, these streams are unlikely to have arisen from multiple collisions with gas-rich galaxies. These star-forming UV structures are morphologically similar to the cold-gas structures produced in simulations of precipitation-driven active galactic nucleus feedback in which jets uplift low-entropy gas to greater altitudes, causing it to condense. Unobscured star formation rates estimated from CLASH UV images using the Kennicutt relation range up to 80 in the most extended and highly structured systems. The circumgalactic gas-entropy threshold for star formation in CLASH BCGs at 0.2–0.5 is indistinguishable from that for clusters at .
Pre-Amplifier Based Entropy Source with Stable Output for use in a Physical Unclonable Function

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) produce full entropy keys without storing them. PUFs rely on a stable entropy source across voltage, temperature, and lifetime. Designed in GLOBALFOUNDRIES 14nm technology is a pre-amplifier based bitcell with >10x differential signal. A 1 Kb 2-d array includes a sense amplifier and current imbalance circuit to identify highly mismatched bitcells. Bits identified as highly mismatched are considered stable, solving one of the key challenges (repeatability) in developing a silicon based PUF.
Governance structure affects transboundary disease management under alternative objectives.

The development of public health policy is inextricably linked with governance structure. In our increasingly globalized world, human migration and infectious diseases often span multiple administrative jurisdictions that might have different systems of government and divergent management objectives. However, few studies have considered how the allocation of regulatory authority among jurisdictions can affect disease management outcomes. Here we evaluate the relative merits of decentralized and centralized management by developing and numerically analyzing a two-jurisdiction SIRS model that explicitly incorporates migration. In our model, managers choose between vaccination, isolation, medication, border closure, and a travel ban on infected individuals while aiming to minimize either the number of cases or the number of deaths. We consider a variety of scenarios and show how optimal strategies differ for decentralized and centralized management levels. We demonstrate that policies formed in the best interest of individual jurisdictions may not achieve global objectives, and identify situations where locally applied interventions can lead to an overall increase in the numbers of cases and deaths. Our approach underscores the importance of tailoring disease management plans to existing regulatory structures as part of an evidence-based decision framework. Most importantly, we demonstrate that there needs to be a greater consideration of the degree to which governance structure impacts disease outcomes.
Implicit meaning in visual print advertisements: a cross-cultural examination of the contextual communication effect

Although there is an abundance of literature on cross-cultural comparisons of advertising appeals, very little is known about how consumers from different cultures process visual images in print advertisements. This article addresses the issue by examining how contextual communication styles influence the audience's ability to interpret meaning from pictorial advertisements. The results of a quasi-experimental study conducted using subjects from the Philippines and the United States support the proposition that consumers from high-context communication systems are more apt than those from low-context communication systems to derive implicit meaning from visual images in print ads. We discuss the implications of our findings for global advertising strategies.
Serum Leptin Levels in Children with Obesity

Purpose : The identification of the ob gene and its adipocyte-specific protein leptin has provided the first physiologic links to the regulatory system controlling body weight. In adults, elevations of serum leptin concentrations correlated closely with the percentage of body fat. This study investigated whether leptin concentrations were elevated in obese children, and the relationship between leptin concentrations and gender and pubertal stage. Methods : The obese group was composed of 84 children(56 boys and 28 girls) with mean age 9.9±1.7 years. All obese children had an obesity index greater than 20. Twenty-five normal children(19 boys and 6 girls) with mean age 9.5±3.1 years constituted the control group. All in children of the control group had an obesity index less than 20. We measured height, weight, blood pressure, midarm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, waist and hip circumference in all subjects. Body mass index(BMI) was calculated by weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. Arm fat was calculated from the measured midarm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness according to the formulas provided by Must et al. We measured serum AST/ ALT, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in all subjects. Radioimmunoassay for serum leptin was performed on a blood sample collected from each child after an overnight fast. Results : The mean serum concentration of leptin in the obese group(14.5±7.0ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the control group(4.7±3.1ng/ml)(P<0.05). Serum leptin concentrations significantly correlated with obesity index(r=0.54), BMI(r=0.50), and arm fat(r=0.46)(P<0.05). Girls had significantly higher leptin level than boys(P<0.05). Tanner stage had no effect on leptin concentration. Conclusion : As in adults, obese children have high concentrations of serum leptin, which highly correlates with obesity index, arm fat and BMI. Increased adipose tissue in children is associated directly with serum leptin concentration. Compared to boys, girls had higher leptin concentrations. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 1998;41:785-790)
Grout and vitrification formula development for immobilization of hazardous radioactive tank sludges at ORNL

Stabilization/solidification (S/S) has been identified as the preferred treatment option for hazardous radioactive sludges, and currently grouting and vitrification are considered the leading candidate S/S technologies. Consequently, a project was initiated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to define composition envelopes, or operating windows, for acceptable grout and glass formulations containing Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST) sludges. The resulting data are intended to be used as guidance for the eventual treatment of the MVST sludges by the government and/or private sector.
Performance cost of adaptation in mobile wireless power control

Power control in mobile communications is an adaptive control system which functions routinely without direct human intervention. In this paper we examine the cost in terms of power usage of the one-parameter system identification problem of estimating the signal-to-noise ratio and thereby setting subsequent transmissions at the appropriate power level to accommodate the error detection and recovery. This is performed with an explicit formulation of the density function of the signal-to-noise ratio estimate and its dependence on the number of training samples used in this phase - it is a non-central χ2 density if the noise power is known, else it is F-distributed. The objective is to develop a total cost function based on transmission power under which the price paid for adaptation becomes apparent. Our example is based on GSM mobile telephony systems and is part of a broader study into the costs associated with adaptation.
Mass Movement Features Along the Central California Margin and Their Modeled Consequences for Tsunami Generation

Many mass movement features have been mapped in the Monterey Bay region of central California. Most of these features have the appearance of being displaced by fluid flow. Therefore, fluids may have played a major role in facilitating mass movement along this tectonically active continental margin and will do so in the future. We selected three major areas of mass movement located within submarine canyons and modeled their potential to generate tsunamis. Run-up extent is dependent upon slump geometry, depth and size, and we believe that two could have produced tsunamis. The third area exhibits multiple retrogressive failures and future tsunami occurrences appear feasible.
A Method for Determining the Photospheric 4He Abundance

The photospheric 4He/H ratio is not measured directly but is inferred from stellar evolution models, helioseismology, and coronal observations. We suggest a procedure for determining the photospheric ratio on the basis of solar wind isotopic He abundances and γ-ray line measurements. Recent Ulysses measurements of the 4He/3He isotopic ratio in the solar wind indicate that it is constant over a large range of velocities; long-term averages in the ratio from different experiments are also consistent with one another, with values ranging from 2050 to 2350 and uncertainties ranging from 120 to 200. This constancy supports models indicating that substantial fractionation of these isotopes does not occur as they are transported from the photosphere to the solar wind. Comparison of the time histories of the 2.223 MeV neutron capture line and prompt de-excitation lines from solar flares provides the only direct measurement of the 3He/H ratio in the photosphere. This ratio has been determined for only a few flares. The most reliable ratio determined to date is 2.3 ± 1.2 × 10-5, where the uncertainty is statistical at the 90% confidence level. By multiplying these solar wind 4He/3He and γ-ray-derived 3He/H ratios, we obtain estimates of the photospheric 4He/H ratio ranging from ~0.02 to 0.10. Improved observations of the solar wind 4He/3He ratio and modeling of its origin can confirm that it measures the photospheric ratio. Recent improvements in our understanding of flare-accelerated particles, based on γ-ray line data, can be applied to models of 2.223 MeV line production. Application of these corrected models to high-quality γ-ray line data obtained from instruments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the Solar Maximum Mission will result in a more accurate measurement of the photospheric 3He/H ratio and thus the 4He/H ratio.
Germanium: Organometallic Chemistry

This article provides an overview of the organometallic chemistry from 1994 to 2004. Major advances in the formation and breaking of GeC bonds are discussed, as are advances in the physical characterization of these compounds. Recent advances in the formation of organogermanium species containing multiple bonds to germanium and the formation of germanium-centered radicals and cations are delineated. Applications to the synthesis of germanium-containing polymers are overviewed. Keywords: organogermanium; organogermane; germylene; germylyne
Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vasculopathy. A reconcilable paradox.

Altered activities of plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in vessels are associated with atherosclerosis.1 2 3 4 5 However, their impacts on the inferred pathogenetic mechanisms seem contradictory. Proteolysis mediated by PAs contributes to vascular smooth muscle migration, neointimalization, and activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) that precipitate plaque rupture.6 7 8 Conversely, PAI-1 is increased in blood and vessel walls with type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet the incidence of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) precipitated by plaque rupture is extraordinarily high.9 10 11 12 Atherogenesis entails13 the following steps: activation of monocytes/macrophages14 by oxidized LDL15 and expression of monocyte chemotactic activating factors such as leukocyte CXCR-2 and its homologs and ligands16 ; their migration into the neointima and elaboration of MMPs7 ; consequent fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina; accumulation of lipid; migration and subsequent proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)15 17 18 ; and proliferation of VSMCs that form largely cellular plaques that can obstruct flow. Until recently, such lesions were thought to account not only for effort-induced clinically stable angina pectoris but also for ACS including unstable angina, Q- and non–Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death. Falk19 and Davies et al20 identified an important dichotomy. They found that plaques …
The Brandt-Kitagawa heavy ion model: Embedding in the homogeneous electron gas

The ion model by Brandt and Kitagawa [Phys. Rev. B 25 (1982) 5631] has played a major role in the development of the effective charge theory for the electronic stopping of heavy ions in solids. Embedding it into the electron gas of the target leads to an enhanced screening of its bound electrons, modification of its size parameter and eventually of its effective charge. A basic, earlier calculation [T. Kaneko, Phys. Rev. A 41 (1990) 4889] overestimates the effect, but can be improved by confining the influence of the target dielectric to the region of the outermost bound electrons of the ion.
Developing a (Non‐linear) Practice of Design Thinking

Design thinking can be a powerful way to engage the world, allowing interactive understandings that are both analytic and experiential. When fully functioning, design thinking necessarily calls upon faculties often considered a-rational, a-causal and a-logical. Unfortunately, such faculties often give rise to academic suspicion. That is to say, the indeterminacies of design thinking often spawn unhelpful (and undermining) reductions. When this occurs, the fullness of design thinking gets channelled into a series of steps, rules of thumb or professional categories, thereby diluting its potency. In order to encourage a richer image of design thinking, particularly for the education of design students, this article explores ways to complement more familiar logical understandings of the design process with the functional complexity of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's ‘rhizome’. As a heuristic device, the rhizome and its related concepts are employed to provide a more complete picture of design thinking and to develop a practice that imbues design work with meaningful complexity. In this way, the rhizome promotes design thinking as a process comprised of both linear and non-linear aspects.
Copper coupling of aryl and vinyl iodides

Abstract Copper coupling of 1,2-diiodoperfluorocycloalkenes has led to the synthesis of unusual and highly strained benzene and cyclooctatetraene derivatives. Recently discovered properties of the planer molecule, tetrakis (tetrafluorocyclobuta)cyclooctatetraene indicate that it is an unusually powerful oxidizing agent and reacts with ferrocene and mercury to form colored complexes. Yields in excess of 90 percent have been achieved in the coupling of various perfluoroalkyl iodides to 1,3-bis(2-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-5-iodobenzene. The improved synthesis of these important polymer intermediates will be presented.