cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In silico analysis of alternative splicing on drug-target gene interactions

Identifying and evaluating the right target are the most important factors in early drug discovery phase. Most studies focus on one protein ignoring the multiple splice-variant or protein-isoforms, which might contribute to unexpected therapeutic activity or adverse side effects. Here, we present computational analysis of cancer drug-target interactions affected by alternative splicing. By integrating information from publicly available databases, we curated 883 FDA approved or investigational stage small molecule cancer drugs that target 1,434 different genes, with an average of 5.22 protein isoforms per gene. Of these, 618 genes have ≥5 annotated protein-isoforms. By analyzing the interactions with binding pocket information, we found that 76% of drugs either miss a potential target isoform or target other isoforms with varied expression in multiple normal tissues. We present sequence and structure level alignments at isoform-level and make this information publicly available for all the curated drugs. Structure-level analysis showed ligand binding pocket architectures differences in size, shape and electrostatic parameters between isoforms. Our results emphasize how potentially important isoform-level interactions could be missed by solely focusing on the canonical isoform, and suggest that on- and off-target effects at isoform-level should be investigated to enhance the productivity of drug-discovery research.
E-143 Short-term in-hospital outcomes of thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke patients with non-primary brain tumors and peripheral vascular disease

Background Intravenous thrombolysis remains an underutilized treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to several relative and absolute contraindications. Previous studies have found similar outcomes after thrombolysis between AIS patients with benign brain tumors and AIS patients without. This study aims to investigate short-term outcomes of thrombolytic treatment for the greater majority of AIS patients who have no history of primary brain tumors, particularly those with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Methods This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the 2012–2015Q3 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). ICD-9 codes identified adult patients (ages 18+) who suffered acute ischemic stroke and received intravenous thrombolysis, and then further isolated patients diagnosed with PVD. Data for patients who were missing important clinical identifiers (age, gender, race, mortality), did not receive IV thrombolysis, and had primary brain tumors (benign or malignant) were excluded. Data analyses assessed hospital mortality rate, length of stay (LOS), inpatient charges, and average age of admission. Results Of the 24,692 encounters with AIS patients treated with thrombolysis and had no history of primary brain tumors, 4130 were diagnosed with PVD. Mean mortality rate was significantly increased (9.8% PVD vs. 6.7% no PVD, p Mean LOS was significantly longer (7.35 days PVD vs. 6.26 days no PVD, p Average total charges were significantly increased ($101,115.04 PVD vs. $84,908.15 no PVD, p Average age at admission was significantly older (69.56 years PVD vs. 66.84 years no PVD, p Conclusion This study aims to inform physicians to better manage AIS patients receiving IV thrombolysis with PVD and no history of primary brain tumors. These patients experience higher mortality rate, longer LOS, increased total hospital charges, and older age at admission than those without PVD. These findings suggest that placing clinical focus on the coexisting condition of PVD before administering IV thrombolysis for AIS may be critical for improving short-term in-hospital outcomes. Future research should aim to investigate different thrombolytic agents to determine the most optimal choice for patients with peripheral vascular disease. Disclosures K. Tong: None. A. Wang-Selfridge: None. P. Brauer: None.
Effect of Mandarin Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) in Mandarin-English bilinguals with aphasia: A single-case experimental design

This study aimed to improve verb retrieval ability in Mandarin-English bilinguals with aphasia by adapting the Verb Network Strengthening Treatment (VNeST) into Mandarin Chinese. Two Mandarin-English bilingual patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia participated in this study via online conferencing system following a multiple-baseline design. Both of them completed a 10-week of Mandarin VNeST treatment, and were probed on verb retrieval ability in a sentence context in both languages. Response accuracy was analysed to investigate the treatment acquisition, within-language generalization, and cross-language generalization effects. Standardized language assessments in both languages were administered pre- and post-treatment to further examine generalization to other linguistic tasks. Error analysis was conducted to investigate the evolution of within- and cross-language errors. Both patients improved after training in Mandarin VNeST, and showed different patterns of within-language and cross-language generalizations. They also improved in a variety of standardized language tasks. Error analysis showed a decline in semantic errors over the course of treatment in both patients, with cross-linguistic errors showing a decrease during Mandarin probes and an increase during English probes in one of the patients. This study contributes to our current understanding of theories of bilingual verb processing, and provides treatment guidance in Mandarin-English bilinguals with aphasia.
Radcliffe Incorporated: Ann Radcliffe, Mary Ann Radcliffe and the Minerva Author

This essay examines the false and dubious attributions of select Minerva novels to both Ann Radcliffe and her lesser known contemporary Mary Ann Radcliffe, arguing that the constellations of texts and authors that signified under the Radcliffe aegis point to the existence of a corporate Radcliffe whose influence on Romantic print culture has yet to be fully documented. In sales catalogues and later scholarly studies and encyclopedias, this corporate Radcliffe blended work initially published anonymously by the Minerva Press with the known output of Ann Radcliffe and Mary Ann Radcliffe. These texts include the Minerva novels The Fate of Velina de Guidova (1790), Radzivil, a Romance (1790), Mary Ann Radcliffe’s The Memoirs of Mrs Mary Ann Radcliffe (1810) and The Female Advocate; or an Attempt to Recover the Rights of Women from Male Usurpation (1799), in addition to the gothic novels of Ann Radcliffe. A composite created by the print market-place and later scholars' own compulsion to fix or challenge questionable attributions, this corporate Radcliffe elevates the popular Romantic practices of imitation and translation and provides an alternative to narratives of Romantic authorship that rely on singular genius and originality.
Effects of Charging Infrastructure Characteristics on Electric Vehicle Preferences of New and Used Car Buyers in the United States

The used car market is a critical element for the mass adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). However, most previous studies on EV adoption have focused only on new car markets. This article examines...
Riparian areas potentially provide crucial corridors through fragmented landscape for black-capped vireo (Vireo atricapilla) source-sink system

Dispersal is a foundational ecological and evolutionary process that facilitates population connectivity and resiliency and yet is vastly understudied. With landscape genetics, we can elucidate how environmental features and patch characteristics influence gene flow and therefore dispersal. Our main objective was to investigate how landscape features influence gene flow in the black-capped vireo source-sink system in central Texas. We genotyped 338 black-capped vireos at 12 microsatellite loci from 6 differentiated populations to test the relationships of Euclidean distance, elevation, and land cover types (water, development, forest, scrub, open, agriculture and riparian) with gene flow. We also tested how at-site variables, brown-headed cowbird control and area of scrub habitat, affected gene flow in our models. We found that riparian and agricultural areas facilitate gene flow while development and open habitat impede gene flow. Agriculture as a potential corridor was an unexpected finding in need of further study but indicates an exciting new avenue for black-capped vireo dispersal research. In combination with findings from Dittmar et al. (2014), we inferred that riparian areas may be important corridors for black-capped vireo dispersal during post-fledgling movements, particularly in fragmented landscapes. Therefore, protecting riparian areas may help mitigate the isolating effects of habitat fragmentation and would be an important conservation effort as habitat fragmentation continues in the future.
Estimates of throughput and utilization at freestanding compared to low-volume hospital-based emergency departments.

Objective Our investigation compared throughput metrics and utilization measures for freestanding emergency departments (FSEDs) versus hospital-based emergency departments (HBEDs) of similar volumes in the United States. Methods This study is a cross sectional survey of 183 FSEDs and 317 HBEDs located across the United States using the Emergency Department Benchmarking Alliance (EDBA) Database. We measured common emergency department (ED) throughput metrics. Primary outcomes included overall length of stay, length of stay for admitted, and length of stay for treated and released patients. Outcomes were weighted based on the proportion of ED volume per facility as per a prior pilot study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to adjust for measured differences between FSEDs and HBEDs. The variables that were controlled for in regression analysis included geographic location of the ED (urban, suburban, and rural), percent of high acuity capacity, ED volume, percentage of patients arriving via emergency medical services (EMS), and percentage of pediatric patients. Results Nationally, the median length of stay in minutes (104.2 vs 140.0), length of stay for treated and released patients (98.6 vs 122.9), door-to-bed (4.0 vs 8.0), door-to-doctor (11.0 vs 16.0), percentage of patients admitted through the ED (4.0 vs 11.0), and percentage of patients leaving the ED without being seen (LWBS) (0.9 vs 1.5), were significantly lower at FSEDs compared to HBEDs (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Length of stay for admitted patients (265.9 vs 241.8) and median boarding time (96.8 vs. 71.3) were significantly lower in HBEDs compared to FSEDs. X-ray, computed tomography, and ECG utilization per 100 patients was significantly lower at the FSEDs compared to HBEDs. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the length of stay for treated and released patients was 8.67 minutes shorter for FSEDs as compared to HBEDs (95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.4 to -16.0). The length of stay for admitted patients was 44 minutes longer for FSEDs as compared to HBEDs (95% CI = 25.5 to 63.0). Conclusions In this study of similarly sized EDs in the United States, throughput metrics for FSEDs tended to be significantly shorter from the arrival of the patient until their departure, except for patients requiring hospital admission. For measures favoring FSEDs, throughput times range from 20%-50% shorter than HBEDs.
U.S. Supreme Court Justices and Public Mood

Does public mood influence the decisions of U.S. Supreme Court Justices? Under what conditions might Justices vote against their typical ideological leanings and in favor of public opinion? We employ both quantitative and qualitative methods to address these questions. For the quantitative portion, logistic regression analysis indicates a strong relationship between public mood and Supreme Court Justices’ votes both in the aggregate and for a number of liberal and conservative Justices individually during the 1946 to 2011 Court terms. Justices respond less strongly to public opinion when the Court is highly polarized and when the legal issues to be decided are highly politically salient. For the qualitative portion, we examine Justice Harry Blackmun’s personal papers in the Library of Congress for evidence of an apparent “switch” from an attitudinal posture to a public mood posture. We find four cases in which he made such a switch: Planned Parenthood v. Danforth, Committee for Public Education v. Nyquist, Pennsylvania Central Transportation v. New York City, and Maine v. Thibotout. We also closely examine Justice Thurgood Marshall’s normative views on judicial neutrality and the role of public opinion on judging. Our research demonstrates the enduring power of popular influences on the Supreme Court, showing that despite public and scholarly reports about growing ideological intransigence in the Court, the public holds significant sway over the decisions of individual members of the nation’s highest court.  Isaac Unah, Associate Professor of Political Science and former director of the Law and Social Sciences Program at the National Science Foundation. Address all correspondence to: unah@unc.edu.  Kristen Rosano, Medical Student at Washington University in St. Louis Medical Center.  K. Dawn Milam, J.D. Candidate at the University of North Carolina School of Law. We would like to thank Kevin T. McGuire and Sarah Truel Roberts for comments on an earlier draft of this story. 294 Journal of Law & Politics [Vol. XXX:293
Unwelcome Companions: Loneliness Associates with the Cluster of Pain, Fatigue, and Depression in Older Adults.

Objective: Pain, fatigue, and depression commonly co-occur as a symptom cluster in pathological inflammatory states. Psychosocial stressors such as loneliness may lead to similar states through sha...
Unprepared humanities: A pedagogy (forced) online

Abstract The forcing online of higher education classes should have constituted a major reckoning of pedagogical practices in universities, particularly in the humanities. Such a reckoning seems to have been muted by a focus on logistical concerns and by what might be called a false sense of preparedness within university departments. This study attempts to counter that general trend by taking seriously the cognitive and emotional demands of the online transition through a philosophical lens. This essay presents a phenomenological study of the abrupt transition from physical to online classes during the COVID-19 lockdown of universities. Reworking two central theses of Marshall McLuhan's (1994) study of media, the author proposes two dispositions as necessary to encountering the role of new media in the teaching of the humanities: a state of wilful unpreparedness and a state of artistic creativity. These in turn pose educational dilemmas that require changes to the relationship between teachers, students and the learning environment, wherein these relationships become subjects of conscious study by the participants. The article draws on a range of classroom experiences in which the instructor and students attempted such a study. In encountering the shock of the new media, a series of concepts emerge that can help promote an artistic approach towards the medium itself.
A Spatial Analysis of Obesity: Interaction of Urban Food Environments and Racial Segregation in Chicago.

The obesity rate in Chicago has increased up to more than 30% in the last two decades. Obesity is a major problem in Chicago, where 36% of the city’s high school students and 61% of adults in the metropolitan area are overweight or obese. Simultaneously, Chicago remains highly segregated by race—a phenomenon that begs for spatial analysis of health. Extant work exploring associations between the food retail environment and obesity has provided mixed findings, and virtually, none of this work has been done with the effects of the interaction between racial segregation and the food retail environment on obesity, where obesity rates are among the highest in the segregation area for the city defined by racial segregation. This study explores whether being overweight or obese is associated with urban food environments, such as access to different types of food retail outlets, and how its associations interact with racial factors, at the community level. This study uses the 2016–2018 data from the Healthy Chicago Survey to investigate the spatial variations in obesity and their association with food environments in Chicago. Also, this study examines the moderating effects of racial segregation on associations between obesity and access to food retail outlets. Using spatial statistics and regression models with interaction terms, this study assesses how the urban food environment can interact with racial segregation to explain the spatial distribution of obesity. The results indicate that the obesity population is highly concentrated in the African American community. In Chicago, each additional convenience store in a community is associated with a 0.42% increase in the obesity rate. Fast food restaurant access is predictive of a greater obesity rate, and grocery store access is predictive of less obesity rate in a community with a higher percentage of African American population. Findings can be used to promote equitable access to food retail outlets, which may help reduce broader health inequities in Chicago.
Post-COVID conditions-What practitioners need to know.

ABSTRACT: Up to 80% of patients have symptoms lasting 4-12 weeks or longer post infection with COVID-19. Persistent symptoms can be diverse and may include myalgia, insomnia, mobility issues, hair loss, loss of smell/taste, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and depression. More evidence will be forthcoming regarding long-term COVID-19 sequelae.
AMPK and the Atrial Response to Metabolic Inhibition

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a molecular energy sensor that is essential to the stress response in the heart [(1)][1]. AMPK is activated during energy imbalance, when the ADP- or AMP-to-ATP ratio increases. Because few proteins have adenine nucleotide binding domains, the activation of a
Graves’ disease in children less than 8 years of age: review of clinical features and treatment outcome

Results Sixteen patients (2 males) were identified with median age at diagnosis of 4.96 years (range 2.5-7.83). Presenting symptoms were hyperactivity, weight loss, poor sleep and diarrhoea. They had predominant non-Anglo-Saxon ethnicity. Significant co-morbidities wereDown syndrome [1], juvenile idiopathic arthritis [1], situs inversus with extrahepatic biliary atresia ie EHBA [1].Two had family history of Graves’ disease. All had goitre, increased serum Free T4 (median 53.65 pmol/l, range 35-94), increased serum Free T3 (median 33.5 pmol/l, range 19.3-46) and suppressed TSH levels. All were positive for TSII (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin) or TRAb (thyrotropin receptor antibody). Anti thyroid peroxidise was positive in 83.3% (10/12) and anti thyroglobulin in 80% (8/10). Anti-thyroid drugs (ATD) alone were used in 9 patients, 4 received one dose each of radio-active iodine ablation (10-15 mCi) and 3 underwent thyroidectomy. Our cohort tolerated the ATD’s wellOnly 1 had significant liver enzyme elevation (underlying EHBA) after Neomercazole, minor sideeffects were: skin rash (3) and arthralgia [1]. Data from patients with more than 30 months follow-up was used to assess outcome. Twelve children with median follow up of 66 months (range: 34-161) and median age of 10.13 years (range: 7.17-16) at last clinic visit qualified. Remission was attained in 58.3% (7/12) 3 were post thyroidectomy, 1 post radio-active iodine ablation and 3 received only ATD’s. Growth monitoring showed decline in median weight sds from 0.41 at diagnosis to 0.29 at follow up and height sds from 1.35 to 0.69. Of the sixteen patients 2 girls were followed through their puberty till 16 years of age and both are in remission (1 underwent thyroidectomy and other received Neomercazole).
System theoretic methods in computer vision and image processing

Dynamic vision and imaging systems have the potential to substantially improve our quality of life. However, key issues that must be addressed in order to deploy these systems in unstructured environments are their potential fragility and the need to process vast amounts of information in real time. As we show in this paper, these issues can be addressed by appealing to a common systems theoretic substrate that allows for recasting a wide range of problems into a tractable convex optimization form. These ideas are illustrated with several applications including multiframe tracking, motion segmentation, texture analysis/synthesis and video reconstruction and inpainting.
The Daugavet Property of C*-Algebras and Non-commutative Lp-Spaces

We prove that a C*-algebra A or a predual N* of a von Neumann algebra N has the Daugavet property if and only if A (or N) is non-atomic. We also prove a similar (although somewhat weaker) result for non-commutative Lp-spaces corresponding to non-atomic von Neumann algebras.
Improving the Results of Static Analyses Programs by Local Decreasing Iteration

We present a new technique conceived for improving the accuracy of the results of static analyses of programs (such as constant propagation, range analysis, etc.). It relies on and complements the classical lattice-theoretic model for abstract interpretation [4], and is therefore defined at a very general level, although it applies only to analyses on numbers in this paper. The idea consists in embedding local decreasing iterations in the (global) iteration stage of the analysis; by local iterations, we mean that they correspond to some special control points of the program and not to the whole program to be analyzed. Special techniques dedicated to static analyses on numbers are developed to take full advantage of the method, which allows, in practice, to handle more efficiently conditional branches, assignments in backwards analysis, combinations of static analysis frameworks, and to combine abstract interpretation and symbolic evaluation. Several examples show that it may significantly improve the analysis results.
An Applied Ontological Semantic Microtheory of Adjective Meaning for Natural Language Processing

This paper is devoted to determining and representing adjectival meaning. The results form a microtheory in the Mikrokosmos project on computational ontological semantics. Mikrokosmos microtheories cover the meaning of lexical categories in several languages, the ontological model used as metalanguage for language description and syntax–semantics mapping as well as the actual process of text analysis and generation. This paper presents a critical analysis of the body of knowledge on adjectives amassed to date in linguistics and presents a detailed, practically tested methodology and heuristics for the acquisition of adjectival lexical entries for computational applications. The work is based on the set of over 6,000 English and about 1,500 Spanish adjectives obtained from task- oriented corpora.
Statistics for Environmental Justice

We briefly review the historical, legal, and regulatory background of environmental justice assessments, paying particular attention to the role of statistical techniques in such assessments. We stress the difference between “disparate impact” and intentional discrimination and the role of statistical comparisons as defined in the associated regulatory statutes. We contrast two general approaches, the first comparing demographic proportions within exposure categories and the second comparing exposure (or exposure surrogate) distributions between demographic categories. Keywords: legal statistics; regulatory statistics; demographics; disparity; exposure assessment; statistics
A FACTORIAL TYPOLOGY OF QUANTITY-INSENSITIVE STRESS

This paper presents an Optimality-theoretic (Prince and Smolensky 1993) analysis of quantity-insensitive stress. A set of grid-based constraints is shown by means of a computer-generated factorial typology to provide a relatively tight fit to the full range of stress systems attested in an extensive survey of quantity-insensitive stress patterns, many of which have not been previously discussed in the theoretical literature.
Adolescent brain maturation is necessary for adult-typical mesocorticolimbic responses to a rewarding social cue.

The interpretation of social cues must change during adolescence in order to promote appropriate social interactions in adulthood. For example, adult, but not juvenile, male Syrian hamsters find female pheromones contained in vaginal sections (VS) rewarding, and only adult hamsters engage in sexual behavior with a receptive female. We previously demonstrated that the rewarding value of VS is both testosterone- and dopamine-dependent. Additionally, VS induces Fos expression throughout the mesocorticolimbic circuit in adult but not juvenile hamsters. In this study, we determined whether or not treatment of juvenile male hamsters with testosterone is sufficient to promote adult-like neural responses to VS. Juvenile and adult male hamsters were gonadectomized and given empty or testosterone-filled subcutaneous capsules for 1 week. Hamsters were then exposed to either clean or VS-containing mineral oil on their nares, and brains were collected 1 h later for immunohistochemistry to visualize Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells. Testosterone treatment failed to promote adult-typical patterns of Fos expression in juvenile hamsters; indeed, in some brain regions, juveniles exposed to VS expressed less Fos compared to age-matched controls while, as expected, adults exposed to VS expressed greater Fos compared to age-matched controls. Age-related changes in tyrosine hydroxylase expression were also observed. These data indicate that testosterone cannot activate the adult-typical pattern of Fos expression in response to female social cues in prepubertal males, and that additional neural maturation during adolescence is required for adult-typical mesocorticolimbic responses to female pheromones. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73:856–869, 2013
Flood quantiles in a changing climate: Seasonal forecasts and causal relations

[1] Recognizing that the frequency distribution of annual maximum floods at a given location may change over time in response to interannual and longer climate fluctuations, we compare two approaches for the estimation of flood quantiles conditional on selected “climate indices” that carry the signal of structured low-frequency climate variation, and influence the atmospheric mechanisms that modify local precipitation and flood potential. A parametric quantile regression approach and a semiparametric local likelihood approach are compared using synthetic data sets and for data from a streamflow gauging station in the western United States. Their relative utility in different settings for seasonal flood risk forecasting as well as for the assessment of long-term variation in flood potential is discussed.
Fast full-wave EFIE solution by low-rank compression of multilevel predetermined sub-matrices

The paper describes the application of the predetermined interaction list octree (PILOT) algorithm in expediting the solution of full-wave electric field integral equation (EFIE) based scattering problems for 3D arbitrarily shaped conductors. PILOT combines features of the fast multipole method (FMM) and QR decomposition-based matrix compression techniques to optimize setup times, solve times, and memory requirements. A quantitative study is also included to address the expected, but gradual, degradation of QR-based compression techniques for electrically large structures.
Whole Body Composition of Rats Determined by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Is Correlated with Chemical Analysis

The use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is increasing in animal research, but data comparing whole body composition by DXA and chemical analysis (CHEM) in rats are limited. Lean and obese Zucker female rats were used to compare DXA (QDR1000W, Hologic, Waltham, MA) values with CHEM data for percent fat (%FATDXA, %FATCHEM), lean body mass (%PROTDXA, %PROTCHEM) and bone mineral content (%BMCDXA, %ASHCHEM). Four groups of rats (n = 9) were tested for differences in body composition due to consumption of a 100 g guar gum supplement/kg to see if DXA was as sensitive as CHEM in detecting body composition differences induced by diet. The study was analyzed using a split-plot ANOVA where the main plot was a 2 x 2 factorial with phenotype (obese or lean) and treatment (guar gum or control) as the effects, and the subplot was method of detecting body composition (DXA and CHEM), which was treated as a repeated measure. Absolute values for percent fat differed significantly (P < 0.0001) between the two methods as %FATDXA was consistently higher than %FATCHEM. There was not a statistically significant difference due to method for %PROT (P = 0.13). Values for %BMCDXA were significantly (P < 0.0049) lower than %ASHCHEM values. The differences in body composition due to diet treatment were detected similarly by DXA and CHEM. Significant correlations were found between the methods (P < 0.0001) for %FAT (r = 0.99), %PROT (r = 0.96) and %BMC or ASH (r = 0.81). Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between methods, and regression equations were developed to estimate CHEM values from DXA readings. DXA may provide an alternative method for assessing changes in whole body composition.
An approach to building domain specific software architectures from software architectural design patterns

Software architectural design patterns represent best practice solutions to common design challenges. However, applying design patterns in practice can be difficult because they are typically documented to be domain independent. This makes applying them in a particular domain difficult. Knowing where and at what level of abstraction software architectural design patterns should be applied in a given domain is not always clear. Currently, there are no existing approaches for building and validating domain specific software architectures that focus on reusing and composing existing software architectural design patterns. This dissertation addresses this gap by developing a software product line (SPL) based approach to building and validating domain specific software architectures from software architectural design patterns. The key contributions of this research include: the definition of distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) executable design patterns; the definition of a SPL design approach that captures SPL variability at a higher degree of granularity using design patterns; the definition of different levels of required executable design pattern customizations; and a feature and design pattern based functional validation approach. Additionally, a domain specific SPL and two real world case studies are provided to validate and demonstrate the applicability of this approach.
High-speed data processing and unobtrusive monitoring of eye movements

A system has been developed that monitors eye movements without imposing any unnatural constraints or mechanical attachments on the subject. The system also features high-speed on-line data processing.
Mao Tse-Tung and Social Inequality

Although there is already a vast literature on the rise of Mao Tse tung and Maoism, few scholars seek to explore from a sociological perspective his contributions to the study of social inequality.1 Given the argument that Mao is not an abstract thinker and his writings have served mainly to popularize Communist tenets (Michael, 1970:28), one should not overlook the fact that during his fifty-year career as an active revolutionary, he has played a leading role in translating an abstract theory of class into practical guidelines for action well integrated with his party's general social policies. In the course of his revolutionary practice, he has coined various theoretical and methodological ideas of his own and modified the Marxist conception of class according to actual conditions of Chinese society. This paper attempts a brief analysis of Mao Tse-tung's dynamic views on social inequality, showing his shifting focus first from power and domination to economic class, and then from economic class to social stratification. Three phases in the development of his thought may be discerned; the pre-Marxist phase (1920-1950), and the post-Marxist phase (after 1950, especially during the cultural revolution in the last 1960's). (Schram, 1972).
EVIDENCE FOR TUMOR-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN FILTERED TISSUE CULTURE MEDIA FROM HUMAN CANCER CELLS

The tissue culture medium taken from 7-day-old cultures of human cancer cells was filtered and the filtrate (TCTA) was used to activate autologous lymphocytes. The activated lymphocytes were found to inhibit the growth of autologous human cancer cells in vitro but not the growth of normal autologous cells, allogeneic tumor cells, or xenogeneic tumor cells.
Phase 1 trial of subcutaneous IL-6 in patients with refractory cancer: clinical and biologic effects.

The authors evaluated the clinical and biologic effects of human recombinant interleukin-6 (rhIL-6) in patients with refractory cancer. A phase 1 trial using escalating doses of rhIL-6 (1-50 μg-kg -1 -d -1 , Monday through Friday for 4 weeks) was performed in 30 patients. Toxicity was moderate and the maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 25 μg-kg -1 -d -1 based on cardiac and neurocortical toxicity in one patient each and thrombocytosis (platelets > 800,000/μL) in three patients. One patient with non-small-cell lung cancer had a partial response after three cycles of therapy. The biologic effects of rhIL-6 included anemia and dose-related thrombocytosis. Various proinflammatory activities were induced and included dose-related cyclical increases in peripheral blood monocytes and the CD14 + /CD45RB + ± CD16C + mononuclear cell populations. These increases were accompanied by increased levels of C-reactive protein, serum neopterin, and type I soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor. In contrast, rhIL-6 did not affect lymphocyte numbers or function (cytotoxicity, cytokine levels, immunoglobulin levels), with the possible exception of IL-2Rα mRNA induction in peripheral blood lymphocytes, rhIL-6 has pleiotropic proinflammatory actions in vivo and moderate toxicity when administered as long-term therapy.
N-terminal Tyrosine Residues within the Potassium Channel Kir3 Modulate GTPase Activity of Gαi

trkB activation results in tyrosine phosphorylation of N-terminal Kir3 residues, decreasing channel activation. To determine the mechanism of this effect, we reconstituted Kir3, trkB, and the mu opioid receptor in Xenopus oocytes. Activation of trkB by BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) accelerated Kir3 deactivation following termination of mu opioid receptor signaling. Similarly, overexpression of RGS4, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), accelerated Kir3 deactivation. Blocking GTPase activity with GTPgammaS also prevented Kir3 deactivation, and the GTPgammaS effect was not reversed by BDNF treatment. These results suggest that BDNF treatment did not reduce Kir3 affinity for Gbetagamma but rather acted to accelerate GTPase activity, like RGS4. Tyrosine phosphatase inhibition by peroxyvanadate pretreatment reversibly mimicked the BDNF/trkB effect, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation of Kir3 may have caused the GTPase acceleration. Tyrosine to phenylalanine substitution in the N-terminal domain of Kir3.4 blocked the BDNF effect, supporting the hypothesis that phosphorylation of these tyrosines was responsible. Like other GAPs, Kir3.4 contains a tyrosine-arginine-glutamine motif that is thought to function by interacting with G protein catalytic domains to facilitate GTP hydrolysis. These data suggest that the N-terminal tyrosine hydroxyls in Kir3 normally mask the GAP activity and that modification by phosphorylation or phenylalanine substitution reveals the GAP domain. Thus, BDNF activation of trkB could inhibit Kir3 by facilitating channel deactivation.
Treatment of acetaminophen ingestion with a superactivated charcoal–cola mixture

Abstract Study Objective: We evaluate the adsorptive capacity of a superactivated charcoal–cola mixture to acetaminophen compared with superactivated charcoal alone. Methods: This was a triple-arm, prospective, unblinded study of 8 healthy adult human volunteers who ingested 80 mg/kg of acetaminophen. In the control arm of the study, participants ingested acetaminophen alone. In the next arm, acetaminophen was followed by 1 g/kg of superactivated charcoal mixed with water. In the final arm, acetaminophen was followed by 1 g/kg of superactivated charcoal mixed with caffeine-free diet cola. Serum acetaminophen concentrations over 6 hours for each arm were analyzed for area under the time-concentration curve (AUC), peak concentrations, and time to peak concentrations. Results: AUCs were 298.5±82.5 mg-h/L (control), 77.1±85.2 mg-h/L (superactivated charcoal), and 81.3 ± 71.8 mg-h/L (superactivated charcoal–cola). Comparison of AUCs by analysis of variance revealed mean square of 128,315.1 between treatments, and residual mean square of 6,405.0, yielding an F ratio of 20.03 ( P P P P >.05). Time-concentration curves for the 3 study arms were illustrated graphically. Conclusion: Combining superactivated charcoal with cola does not limit the adsorptive capacity of superactivated charcoal. [Rangan C, Nordt SP, Hamilton R, Ingels M, Clark RF. Treatment of acetaminophen ingestion with a superactivated charcoal–cola mixture. Ann Emerg Med. January 2001;37:55-58.]
Effect of Mutations at Serines 1280–1283 on the Mitogenic and Transforming Activities of the Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor (∗)

The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) controls the extent of cell proliferation in a variety of cell types by at least 3 different ways: it is mitogenic, it causes transformation, and it protects cells from apoptosis. Previous reports indicated that certain domains in the C terminus of the IGF-IR transmitted a transforming signal that is additional to and separate from the mitogenic signal. We have now mutated the four serine residues at 1280-1283 of the IGF-IR, and transfected the mutant receptor into R− cells. Cells expressing the mutant receptor are fully responsive to IGF-I-mediated mitogenesis, but are not transformed (no colony formation in soft agar). Several downstream signal transducers are not affected by the mutation, again suggesting a separate pathway for transformation. The mutant receptor can act as a dominant negative for growth, but cannot induce apoptosis in cells with endogenous wild-type receptors.
“I'm Innocent!”: Effects of Training on Judgments of Truth and Deception in the Interrogation Room

The present research examined the extent to which people can distinguish true and false denials made in a criminal interrogation, and tested the hypothesis that training in the use of verbal and nonverbal cues increases the accuracy of these judgments. In Phase One, 16 participants committed one of four mock crimes (breaking and entering, vandalism, shoplifting, a computer break-in) or a related but innocent act. Given incentives to deny involvement rather than confess, these suspects were then interrogated. In Phase Two, 40 observers were either trained in the analysis of verbal and nonverbal deception cues or not trained before viewing the videotaped interrogations and making their judgments. As in past studies conducted in nonforensic settings, observers were generally unable to distinguish between truthful and deceptive suspects. In addition, those who underwent training were less accurate than naive controls—though they were more confident and cited more reasons for their judgments. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of what is known about police interrogations, false confessions, and the wrongful conviction of innocent suspects.
Method to release hydrogen from ammonia borane for portable fuel cell applications

Abstract Ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) is considered to be a promising hydrogen storage material as it contains 19.6 wt% hydrogen. It is difficult, however, to release hydrogen from AB. Thermolysis, catalytic hydrolysis and heat generated by additional reactive mixtures are usually employed, but these methods have disadvantages that limit their use for portable applications. In this paper, we demonstrate a new approach to release hydrogen, which does not require any catalyst and produces relatively high hydrogen yield and environmentally benign byproducts. It involves nano-aluminum (nAl)/water combustion reaction, which provides heat for AB dehydrogenation and releases additional hydrogen from water. To facilitate higher H2 yield from thermolysis, as compared to hydrolysis, AB is spatially separated from the nAl/water mixture using a concentric cylindrical container. The effect of the container design on hydrogen generation is studied and optimized. This study also includes transient temperature and pressure measurements, and product characterization using mass spectrometer and 11B NMR. This approach provides H2 yield up to 9.5 wt% on material basis. Our experimental results and analysis show that a proposed power source based on this method is promising for portable electronic devices.
Renal clearance of imipenem in children

Imipenem renal clearance was studied in six children (three males, three females; 2.9-11.2 years of age) following a single intravenous dose (21.7 +/- 5.1 mg/kg) of imipenem/cilastatin (1:1). In an approximately six-hour period following drug administration, 65.3 +/- 9.7% of the imipenem dose was excreted in the urine unchanged. The renal clearance (280.03 +/- 24.34 ml/min/1.73 m2) of imipenem was found to account for 69.2% of the corresponding plasma imipenem clearance (404.89 +/- 24.83 ml/min/1.73 m2). Contrary to existing adult data, the imipenem renal clearance in our subjects was 1.95-fold greater than the estimated creatinine clearance, suggesting significant tubular secretion of imipenem in children. Examination of urinary imipenem excretion rate versus plasma concentration relationships in three of the children revealed a potential renal tubular reabsorption component for imipenem in children. Comparison of renal imipenem clearance data in these children to similar data from adults suggests that quantitatively important developmental differences may exist for the renal handling of imipenem.
Boundary conditions in the modeling of injection mold-filling of thin cavities

A governing equation for injection mold-filling of thin cavities with a power-law fluid is derived. The interaction between upstream delivery channel flow and cavity flow results in a continuously changing gate condition as the total viscous dissipation of the delivery channel-cavity assembly is minimized. Depending upon the relative magnitude of pressure drops or viscous dissipation across the channel and the cavity, the boundary conditions which determine the cavity filling process will lie between the following two limiting cases: a Cauchy type gate condition such that the location of the melt front is completely determined by the upstream flow; a Cauchy type melt front condition in which the gate condition is controlled by the downstream flow. For most injection molding cases this may be manifested as equilibration of dissipation density on the melt front. Experimentally observed melt front locations from isothermal, Newtonian filling of a constant gap rectangular cavity and of a bi-gap rectangular cavity are reported and the validity of the limiting cases are tested.
Alkyl carbon-nitrogen reductive elimination from platinum(IV)-sulfonamide complexes.

Platinum(IV) complexes containing monodentate sulfonamide ligands, fac-(dppbz)PtMe3(NHSO2R) (dppbz = o-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene; R = p-C6H4(CH2)3CH3 (1a), p-C6H4CH3 (1b), CH3 (1c)), have been synthesized and characterized, and their thermal reactivity has been explored. Compounds 1a−c undergo competitive C−N and C−C reductive elimination upon thermolysis to form N-methylsulfonamides and ethane, respectively. Selectivity for either C−N or C−C bond formation can be achieved by altering the reaction conditions. Good yields of the C−N-coupled products were observed when the thermolyses of 1a−c were conducted in benzene-d6. In contrast, exclusive C−C reductive elimination occurred upon themolysis of 1a,b in nitrobenzene-d5. When the thermolyses of 1a were performed in the presence of sulfonamide anion NHSO2R- in benzene-d6, ethane elimination was completely inhibited and C−N reductive elimination products were formed in high yield. Mechanistic studies support a two-step reaction pathway involving initial ...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders Among Students in Christian Colleges and Universities

This article explores current research, diagnosis, and common problems of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among Christian college and university students. For years, ADHD was believed to dissipate as children mature, but current research contradicts that belief. Proctor (2009) and others detail the continuance of ADHD into adulthood and the increase of first-time diagnoses among young adults. This article includes common symptoms, current clinical definitions, probable causes, and the recent backlash in the worldwide medical community. A theological reflection on students with ADHD and other disabilities is offered. A personal reflection is also provided along with suggestions for assisting students with ADHD.
Flight Measurements of Aerodynamic Heating and Boundary Layer Transition on the Viking 10 Nose Cone

JET aircraft and missiles are now flying at velocities high enough in the supersonic regime to experience an excessive rise in surface temperature due to the conversion of some of the kinetic energy of the vehicle into heat by compression and friction in the boundary layer. To prevent this "thermal barrier" from setting an upper limit on plane and missile performance, it is necessary to be able to predict this temperature rise for a particular design configuration in order that structural failure, melting, fuel evaporation, and other "thermal barrier" effects can be prevented in the final design. At present, it is very difficult to predict the temperature rise on a particular plane or missile. Because of the urgency of the problem, much recent theoretical work has been done on aerodynamic heating, but relatively little flight data— particularly at high Mach numbers—have been available for correlation with theoretical prediction. The experiment performed in Viking 10 on May 7, 1954, was designed to add to the small store of flight measurements of aero-heating and free-flight boundary layer transition. In order to predict this in-flight temperature rise, it is necessary to know the temperature recovery factor, the local heat-transfer coefficient, and the conditions for boundary layer transition. Except for the work of Fischer and Norris (l) on V-2 rockets No. 19 and No. 27, Sternberg (2) on V-2 No. 61, and NACA (3), very few free-flight measurements of heat transfer coefficients under transient flight conditions have been made. Most of the experimental investigations of boundary layer transition have been conducted in wind tunnels, (e.g., Czarnecki and Sinclair, NACA RM L53I18a) where there is reason to believe that local shocks, tunnel turbulence level, and angularity of the tunnel airstream may affect the supersonic transition data. The object of the present study was to correlate the state of the boundary layer determined from flight data with the Van Driest condition for complete stability of the laminar boundary layer (4). Local supersonic convective heat-transfer coefficients, derived from resistance-thermometer measurements at twentytwo points on the inner surface of the Viking No. 10 nose cone, were correlated nondimensionally with current theoretical solutions and found to agree within the accuracy of measurement. The ratio of measured wall temperature to local stream temperature was plotted vs. local Mach number for turbulent, transition, and laminar flow, and the Van Driest