cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy in brain metastases from EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are present in 20-40% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Brain metastasis (BM) is more common in EGFR-mutated NSCLC (25-45%) compared to EGFR wild-type (15-30%). First and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib and afatinib have proven to be superior to chemotherapy in the front-line treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR TKI, has demonstrated better blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration, higher rate of intracranial response (66% vs. 43%) and a lower rate of CNS progression when compared to first generation EGFR TKI. Evidence on upfront radiation vs. upfront osimertinib is limited, but rapidly evolving and being tested in ongoing comparative trials. Stereotactic radiation (SRS) is very effective in the control of BMs and has been increasingly used and consequently replacing resection of BMs. SRS also has been increasingly used in the treatment of multiple BMs. Considering the effectiveness of targeted agents such as third generation EGFR inhibitors clinicians now are more frequently faced with the decision, if systemic therapy is safe and effective enough to withhold SRS. Third generation EGFR inhibitors also have fewer adverse events as previous generations. This review discusses the current literature available for management of BM in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
Black hole microstates vs. the additivity conjectures

We argue that one of the following statements must be true: (a) extensive violations of quantum information theory's additivity conjectures exist or (b) there exists a set of `disentangled' black hole microstates that can account for the entire Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, up to at most a subleading $O(1)$ correction. Possibility (a) would be a significant result in quantum communication theory, demonstrating that entanglement can enhance the ability to transmit information much more than has currently been established. Option (b) would provide new insight into the microphysics of black holes. In particular, the disentangled microstates would have to have nontrivial structure at or outside the black hole horizon, assuming the validity of the quantum extremal surface prescription for calculating entanglement entropy in AdS/CFT.
New Concepts in Regulation of the Lifespan of Human Diploid Fibroblasts in Vitro

It was the initial observations of Swim and Parker (1957) on the longevity of human fibroblasts in cell culture, later confirmed and extended by Hayflick and Moorehead (1961) and Hayflick (1965), that have given rise to the discipline of cytogeronotology. That human embryonic fibroblasts demonstrate a finite lifespan in vitro has been taken as evidence for, and developed as a model system for, aging at the cellular level by a multitude of investigators following the pioneering work of Hayflick. Possibly no other single subdiscipline of cellular biology is more rampant with hypotheses offered to explain a given phenomenon than is cytogerontology. Although no single explanation has been uniformly derived or universally accepted regarding the mechanism of cellular senescence, the significance of the eventual answer has already been considered theoretically with respect to pathological implications (Goldstein et al., 1975; Timiras, 1975; Martin, 1979) and societal implications (Strehler, 1975). Some investigators question the extrapolation of data obtained from the classicalin vitro observations to the in vivo situation (see Orgel, 1973), while others question the phenomenon as being representative of cellular aging at all (see Bell et al., 1978). Whether the phenomenon (1) truly represents the normal sequence of events during cellular senescence, (2) is not aging but in reality is cellular differentiation, or (3) is simply an artifact of the conditions imposed upon cells in vitro will no doubt continue to be the subject of academic debate for years to come. That normal human diploid cells lose their ability to proliferate upon continuous subcultivation is not disputed.
The Second Movement of the Soul: Exalted Existence

This radical examination, as we have emphasized, is not simply the work of objective intelligence. To the contrary, there are emotional elements which we studied through a reflection nourished by our subjective experience. This need for blunt critical reflection is evidently not the expression of the anonymous system of empirical individuality that we are, though the latter expression is, without doubt, proper to each specimen in a certain phase of its development. The need for blunt critical reflection crystallizes in the midst of the natural world among men who are satisfied with their condition or accommodated to it somehow or other. Such men do not try to penetrate the foundation of things at their own risk. As a result, this need reveals another movement of the soul, another analysis, another pursuit, but this time one that is constructive.
extracellular matrix derived human α1 type IV collagen NC1 domain inhibits endothelial and tumor cellular invasion by blocking the activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4354 Activation of proMMP-2 by MT1-MMP is considered to be a critical event in cancer cell invasion. In the activation step, TIMP-2 bound to MT1-MMP on the cell surface acts as a receptor for proMMP-2. Subsequently, adjacent TIMP-2-free MT1-MMP activates the proMMP-2 in the ternary complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the mechanism of cellular invasion, inhibition of matrix metallproteinase-2 activation by recombinant human α1(IV)NC1. α1(IV)NC1 significantly reduced endothelial as well as tumor cellular invasion into the reconstituted basement membrane in vitro . Gelatin zymographic analysis revealed that activation of proMMP-2 secreted from endothelial cells was inhibited by α1(IV)NC1, by forming complex with proMMP-2. Studies with recombinant MMPs confirmed that α1(IV)NC1 inhibited proMMP-2 activation, mediated by both membrane-type 1 MMP and 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that α1(IV)NC1 upregulated TIMP-2 expression in endothelial conditioned medium. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation and ISCO gradient fractionation experiments revealed that α1(IV)NC1 formed a tight complex with proMMP-2. These novel findings would, at least in part, explain the mechanism of the potent anti-angiogenic activities of α1(IV)NC1. Taken together, our data support a role for the α1(IV)NC1 in anti-angiogenesis and describe, for the first time, a signaling mechanism for α1(IV)NC1 in this process.
The cooperation of experts in engineering design

Abstract The cooperation of specialists with distributed knowledge is examined, in the context of knowledge-based support for collaboration among different engineering departments in carrying out large design tasks. It is concluded that 1 each specialist department has its own private justification language, but interacts with another department using a common shared language. 2 there may be little shared knowledge, and the shared language may involve an abstracted subset of the private languages of the collaborators. 3 collaborative reasoning can be limited because of • expression problems, not being able to ask the right questions. • rules of interaction and protocol, arising from legalistic procedures or from proof strategy. • performance problems, not having sufficient resources, due to the complexity of resolving the distribution. A simple model for collaborative reasoning is proposed that defines a collaboration strategy as a dialogue game.
Electrostatic probe measurement of the piezoelectric transformer plasma source

A compact ion source for neutron production is being developed for industrial and security applications. The piezoelectric transformer plasma source (PTPS) produces ion currents on the order of 10 μA using a cylindrical LiNbO 3 (lithium niobate) crystal measuring 10 mm in diameter by 2 mm thick. The PTPS has previously been characterized to determine the impact of driving voltage, gas flow, extraction voltage, and hollow anode geometry on the ion current.
Combining static and dynamic variables in species distribution models under climate change

1.Methods used to predict shifts in species' ranges because of climate change commonly involve species distribution (niche) modelling using climatic variables, future values of which are predicted for the next several decades by general circulation models. However, species' distributions also depend on factors other than climate, such as land cover, land use and soil type. Changes in some of these factors, such as soil type, occur over geologic time and are thus imperceptible over the timescale of these types of projections. Other factors, such as land use and land cover, are expected to change over shorter timescales, but reliable projections are not available. Some important predictor variables, therefore, must be treated as unchanging, or static, whether because of the properties of the variable or out of necessity. The question of how best to combine dynamic variables predicted by climate models with static variables is not trivial and has been dealt with differently in studies to date. Alternative methods include using the static variables as masks, including them as independent explanatory variables in the model, or excluding them altogether. 2.Using a set of simulated species, we tested various methods for combining static variables with future climate scenarios. Our results showed that including static variables in the model with the dynamic variables performed better or no worse than either masking or excluding the static variables. 3.The difference in predictive ability was most pronounced when there is an interaction between the static and dynamic variables. 4.For variables such as land use, our results indicate that if such variables affect species distributions, including them in the model is better than excluding them, even though this may mean making the unrealistic assumption that the variable will not change in the future. 5.These results demonstrate the importance of including static and dynamic non-climate variables in addition to climate variables in species distribution models designed to predict future change in a species' habitat or distribution as a result of climate change. © 2011 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2011 British Ecological Society.
Duodenal-Gastric Reflux and Slowed Gastric Emptying by Electrical Pacing of the Canine Duodenal Pacesetter Potential

In 6 (10 to 12 kg) mongrel female dogs, silver electrodes for recording electrical activity and for pacing of pacesetter potentials (PP) were implanted on the stomach and duodenum and a catheter for intraluminal instillations was inserted into the duodenum. Beginning 2 weeks after operation, electrical recordings were made intermittently from the fasted, conscious dogs with no pacing and during pacing of the PP in the proximal and in the distal duodenum. A suspension of BaSO4 injected into the unpaced duodenum and observed cinefluoroscopically was swept quickly from the duodenum into the jejunum; little or none passed orad into the proximal duodenum, and BaSO4 rarely entered the stomach. Only 1 to 3% of a duodenal infusate of 154 mM NaCl with [14C] polyethylene glycol (2 ml per min) appeared in the stomach after 15 min. The results during proximal duodenal pacing were the same as with no pacing. However, distal duodenal pacing, which reversed the direction of propagation of the duodenal PP's, caused duodenal-gastric reflux of BaSO4 in every dog and forced about 30% of the duodenal infusate into the stomach during fasting and during gastric emptying of 400 ml of 154 mM NaCl; at the same time, the rate of emptying of the gastric instillate was slowed about 25%.
Review of James E. Harding, The Love of David and Jonathan: Ideology, Text, Reception. Sheffield: Equinox, 2013.

This is a book review of James E. Harding, The Love of David and Jonathan: Ideology, Text, Reception. Sheffield: Equinox, 2013.
Higgs boson production in peripheral heavy-ion collisions: Coherent double-pomeron exchange

Abstract Higgs boson production by coherent double-pomeron exchange in peripheral nuclear collisions at energies of several TeV per nucleon is calculated. It is shown that a trigger on quasi-elastic nuclear collisions strongly suppresses the cross section. The analogous two-photon process is predicted to dominate for collisions of heavy nuclei.
Abstract 3516: The mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT3 promotes survival of human melanoma cells in vitro

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Melanoma, a potentially lethal form of skin cancer, is the fifth most common type of new cancer diagnosis in American men and the sixth most common type in American women. Alarmingly, the annual incidence of melanoma among whites has increased steadily (>60% over the past 30 years). Despite new developments in therapy, the overall survival of patients with advance-stage melanoma has not significantly improved. Therefore, concerted mechanism-based efforts are needed for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this deadly neoplasm. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to melanoma development and progression can be useful in crafting new strategies for melanoma management. We are studying the role of sirtuin family of proteins in melanoma development and progression. Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT 1-7) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases, which have been shown to regulate metabolism, stress responses, and longevity, in model organisms. The role of sirtuins in cancer is fairly complex with dichotomous functions (tumor promoter versus tumor suppressor) depending on cell contexts. SIRT3 is a mitochondrial deacetylase that has been shown to be important in maintaining cellular metabolism by regulating mitochondrial functions. We have previously shown that SIRT3 was overexpressed in human melanoma cells and tissues and its inhibition resulted in an antiproliferative response in human melanoma cells (In: AACR Annual Meeting: Proceedings; 2013 April 6-April 10, Washington, DC; Abstract # 13-LB-9391). In this study, we found that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of SIRT3 in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells resulted in 1) G1-phase arrest of cell cycle, 2) induction of senescence as assessed by increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, 3) senescence associated hetrochromatin formation (SAHF), 4) decrease in cell migration, and 5) increase in protein levels of p53, phospho-p53 (Ser15), p21Waf1, pRb and p16INK4a. Further, a stable exogenous overexpression of SIRT3 resulted in an increase in cell growth and clonogenic survival in Hs 294T melanoma cells. Based on our data we suggest that SIRT3 could be a contributing factor in melanoma survival. However, further extensive in-vitro and in- vivo studies are needed to ascertain the functional significance of SIRT3 in melanoma development and progression. Citation Format: Jasmine George, Minakshi Nihal, Chandra K. Singh, Weixiong Zhong, Nihal Ahmad. The mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT3 promotes survival of human melanoma cells in vitro . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3516. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3516
Structures and characterization of sex‐specific mouse cytochrome P‐450 genes as members within a large family

We characterized two female-specific testosterone 16α-hydroxylase mouse cytochrome P-450 genes, 16αoh-a and 16αoh-b. Gene 16αoh-a, consisting of nine exons, is approximately 38 kbp in size. The exon sequence of this P-450 gene is identical to cDNA pf26 nucleotide sequence [Noshiro, M., Lakso, M., Kawajiri, K. & Negishi, M. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 6434–6443], which encodes female-specific testosterone 16α-hydroxylase regulated by the murine Rip locus. Gene 16αoh-b, containing nine exons with the same junctions as the 16αoh-a, spans at least 20 kbp, and encodes a cytochrome P-450 whose deduced amino acid sequence is 90% similar to the hydroxylase. Nucleotide sequences revealed that duplication of the two genes occurred 4–22 million years ago, and that the 5′ duplication boundary is located 1336 bp upstream from the putative transcription-start site. In the flanking regions of both genes, there is a long stretch (100 bp) of CA repeats in addition to other motifs, including TATA box, glucocorticoid-response-element-core and Simian-virus-40-enhancer sequences and IgG light-chain gene promoter. We isolated many genomic DNA clones which contain exon 1 sequences, and compared their restriction maps, cross-hybridization and nucleotide sequences. The results indicate that these genomic clones represent closely related genes in the 16αoh family with a minimum of 16 members, which is further divided into classes a, b and c. 16αoh-a and 16αoh-b belong to the first and second classes, respectively. Moreover, extensive segmental gene conversion and nonreciprocal recombination were noted among the genes, particularly among those in class b. All genes in that class contain the long ATTT repeat sequences in intron 1, which may have triggered a rapid gene conversion and/or stabilize the duplicated genes.
Speckle in active millimeter-wave and terahertz imaging and spectroscopy

Wideband millimeter-wave imaging techniques and systems have been developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for concealed weapon detection and other applications. These techniques evolved from singlefrequency millimeter-wave holographic imaging methods to wideband three-dimensional planar and cylindrical techniques and systems. The single-frequency holographic method was derived from optical and ultrasonic holography techniques. Speckle is highly significant in this case, and is caused by constructive and destructive interference from multiple scattering locations or depths within a single resolution cell. The wideband three-dimensional techniques developed at PNNL significantly reduce the speckle effect through the use of high depth resolution obtained from the wide bandwidth of the illumination. For these techniques, speckle can still be significant in some cases and affect image quality. In this paper, we explore the situations in which speckle occurs and its relationship to lateral and depth resolution. This will be accomplished through numerical simulation and demonstrated in actual imaging results. Speckle may also play a significant role in altering reflection spectra in wideband terahertz spectra. Reflection from rough surfaces will generate speckle, which will result in significant variation in the reflection spectrum as measured over very wide bandwidths. This effect may make if difficult to interpret spectral absorption features from general reflectance data. In this paper, physical optics numerical simulation techniques will be used to model the reflection from arbitrary random surfaces and explore the effect of the surface on the reflection spectra and reconstructed image. Laboratory imaging and numerical modeling results in the millimeter-wave through the terahertz frequency ranges are presented.
Completion of the nucleotide sequence of sunn-hemp mosaic virus: A tobamovirus pathogenic to legumes

Sunn-hemp mosaic virus (SHMV) is a member of the tobamovirus group of plant viruses. The nucleotide sequence of the 5′-untranslated region, the 129 kD protein gene, and a portion of the 186 kD protein gene of SHMV was determined. The 4,683 nucleotides (nts) reported here completes the sequences of the SHMV genome and complements previous work (Meshi, Ohno, and Okada, Nucleic Acids Res.10, 6111–6117 [1982]; Mol. Gen. Genet.184, 20–25 [1981]) to provide the first complete nucleotide sequence for a tobamovirus that is pathogenic to leguminous plants.
Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric non-epithelial tumors

Benign non-epithelial tumors of the stomach characteristically are observed endoscopically as circumscribed masses. Ulcerated or infiltrative lesions connote malignancy and may be confused with carcinoma. Gastroscopy supplemented by biopsy and cytology can lead to an accurate diagnosis in a majority of these cases.
IKKβ in myeloid cells controls the host response to lethal and sublethal Francisella tularensis LVS infection.

Background The NF-κB activating kinases, IKKα and IKKβ, are key regulators of inflammation and immunity in response to infection by a variety of pathogens. Both IKKα and IKKβ have been reported to modulate either pro- or anti- inflammatory programs, which may be specific to the infectious organism or the target tissue. Here, we analyzed the requirements for the IKKs in myeloid cells in vivo in response to Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain (Ft. LVS) infection.
Photocatalytic oxidation of aldehydes: Byproduct identification and reaction pathway

The byproducts and reaction pathway of gas phase photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde over aerogel TiO2 under weak black light were studied by means of liquid nitrogen trapping, water extraction, mass spectrometry and carbon balance. Aldehydes were photocatalytically oxidized to corresponding acids, shorter carbon-chain aldehydes, carbon dioxide and water. The so-generated acids were further oxidized to shorter carbon-chain aldehydes, carbon dioxide, and water. Other side reactions were suppressed. The reaction pathway we found can be explained in a straightforward manner with active O* as well as hydroxyl group as the major oxidants.
A plea for a clinical trial of anticoagulation in dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy is believed to be a predisposing factor for stroke.’ Autopsy studies of hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy demonstrate the presence of ventricular thrombus or mural endocardial plaques (which are considered to be due to organized thrombi) in up to 75% of cases2 Features of systemic embolization are common and may not have been suspected during life. Although autopsy data represent a highly selected subgroup, retrospective studies in dilated cardiomyopathy suggest that clinically apparent embolism is common, occurring with an annual incidence of about 3.5%.’ Long-term anticoagulation with warfarin has been recommended to reduce the risk of embolization,‘,3+4 but this conclusion is retrospectively derived from selected patient groups and no data are available to estimate the risk-to-benefit ratio in an unselected population. It is my personal impression that many physicians are reluctant to prescribe long-term warfarin for their patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. For example, in a recent study only 6 of 40 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were receiving anticoagulation. The reluctance may be because of a lack of convincing, prospectively derived data on the risk-to-benefit ratio. It may also stem from concern that anticoagulation may be more hazardous in this group of patients-in whom fluctuating degrees of hepatic congestion may result in changing warfarin requirements and an increased risk of bleeding.‘jT’ In the past few years our knowledge of thromboembolism and its prevention after acute myocardial infarction has greatly expanded. Important differences exist between thrombus formation in myocardial infarction and dilated cardiomyopathy. They will be discussed herein, as will possibilities for assessing and safely reducing thromboembolic events originating from the myopathic ventricle. A thrombus after acute anterior wall infarction almost always forms in a dyskinetic area of the left ventricle and is probably caused by the interaction of regional intracavitary stasis with an area of thrombogenic infarcted myocardium. Such thrombi are generally quite large, are easily visualized echocardiographically and are at high risk of embolization in the early weeks of
Rydberg states of helium: Nuclear-recoil corrections.

The nuclear-recoil terms contributing to the fine-structure splitting of 1sNL Rydberg states of helium are calculated. A great simplification resulting from the use of nonsymmetric Jacobi coordinates makes it possible to write the corrections to all terms in the asymptotic optical potential without additional computation. The isotope shifts between $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ are displayed and evaluated.
Immunotherapy for solid tumors—a review for surgeons

Immunotherapy has evolved considerably in the last decade and is becoming an integral component of the armamentarium for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors. It is important for clinicians, especially surgeons, to understand the basic principles of novel immunotherapies and the immune system. This review summarizes the evolution of the most relevant immunotherapies, their mechanisms of action, the data supporting their clinical use, and integration of immunotherapy into multidisciplinary management of solid tumors. This review should serve as a primer for clinicians and surgeons to understand the rapidly evolving field of immunotherapy.
A resolution of glutamic acid

Abstract N -Carbobenzoxy- dl -glutamic acid was asymmetrically hydrolyzed by hog kidney acylase to l -glutamic acid ([α] D = +31.9 °) and N -carbobenzoxy- d -glutamic acid ([α] d = + 7.5 °). On catalytic hydrogenation of the latter, d -glutamic acid ([α] d = −31.5 °) was obtained readily and in high yield.
A role for GABA in audiogenic seizures during alcohol withdrawal

Abstract Rats were made dependent upon alcohol by oral intubation and tested for either audiogenic Scizure susceptibility, the effects of GABA-ergic drugs on audiogenic Scizure susceptibility, or changes in GABA levels. Audiogenic Scizures occurred during a period of 12–36 hrs after ethanol withdrawal with a peak at 18–24 hrs. Intracisternal injection of GABA or GABA agonists antagonized Scizures as did treatment with GABA-T inhibitors. GABA levels in brain stem (but not whole brain) were decreased significantly by 18 hrs after withdrawal. This decrease was not seen if “dependent” rats received alcohol prior to sacrifice. A depletion of brain stem GABA with dl-C-allylglycine also resulted in audiogenic Scizure susceptibility. Results suggest that GABA may play a role in Scizure susceptibility during withdrawal from alcohol.
Analyzing the ecosystem carbon and hydrologic characteristics of forested wetland using a biogeochemical process model

A comprehensive biogeochemical model, Wetland-DNDC, was applied to analyze the carbon and hydrologic characteristics of forested wetland ecosystem at Minnesota (MN) and Florida (FL) sites. The model simulates the flows of carbon, energy, and water in forested wetlands. Modeled carbon dynamics depends on physiological plant factors, the size of plant pools, environmental factors, and the total amount and turnover rates of soil organic matter. The model realistically simulated water level fluctuation, forest production, carbon pools change, and CO2 and CH4 emission under natural variations in different environmental factors at two sites. Analyses were focused on parameters and inputs potentially cause the greatest uncertainty in calculated change in plant and soil C and water levels fluctuation and shows that it was important to obtain accurate input data for initial C content, climatic conditions, and allocation of net primary production to various forested wetland components. The magnitude of the forest responses was dependent not only on the rate of changes in environmental factors, but also on site-specific conditions such as climate and soil. This paper explores the ability of using the biogeochemical process model Wetland-DNDC to estimate the carbon and hydrologic dynamics of forested wetlands and shifts in these dynamics in response to changing environmental conditions.
Stability and robustness of metal-supported SOFCs

Tubular metal-supported SOFCs with YSZ electrolyte and electrodes comprising porous YSZ backbone and infiltrated Ni and LSM catalysts are operated at 700 °C. Tolerance to five complete anode redox cycles and five very rapid thermal cycles is demonstrated. The power output of a cell with as-infiltrated Ni anode degrades rapidly over 15 h operation. This degradation can be attributed primarily to coarsening of the fine infiltrated Ni particles. A cell in which the infiltrated Ni anode is precoarsened at 800 °C before operation at 700 °C shows dramatically improved stability. Stable operation over 350 h is demonstrated.
The Many Faces of Software Analytics

Articles regarding the many faces of software analytics highlight the power of analytics for different types of organizations: large organizations and open source projects, as well as small- to medium-sized projects.
Living stories: Modern storytelling as a call for connection

Abstract This article presents an intuitive inquiry into storytelling using creative arts and media within the context of modern culture. Taken from a relational and transpersonal perspective, the Living Stories style of personal storytelling is explored and developed in response to the need for connection expressed in the culture‐at‐large and to create opportunities for transformation. The research question asks, What makes storytelling elicit compassionate connection? The researcher engages in a creative and collaborative storytelling process with 1 storyteller who shares her breast cancer experience over the course of several years. The resulting story is presented to 95 participants via an interactive mixed media gallery exhibition featuring photography, poetry, and music, and stations where feedback is invited. Data includes questionnaire and creative expression responses from participants and researcher observation. Key findings include (a) participant reports of participatory knowing and transperso...
Imaging Sierra Nevada lithospheric sinking

The sinking of dense mantle lithosphere farther into the mantle is an often invoked but still poorly understood process in continental development. Such events have been inferred to cause uplift and extensional deformation in areas around the world and back billions of years. Samples of garnet-rich mantle lithosphere from under the Sierra Nevada were brought up in basaltic eruptions from before 80 million years ago to approximately 8 million years ago but are absent from volcanics after about 3.5 million years ago [Ducea and Saleeby, 1998]. Granitic batholiths like the Sierra Nevada evolve from more quartz poor melts and thus have roots of mafic (quartz-poor) residuum that remain under the batholith. This residuum, metamorphosed to a dense garnet-rich rock, apparently sinks together with part of the mantle lithosphere below it at one or more locations beneath the Great Valley.
The ontogeny of chimpanzee and pygmy chimpanzee locomotor behavior: a case study of paedomorphism and its behavioral correlates

Abstract Pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) have been described as “paedomorphic” in comparison with common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) because some of their adult proportions and features are present in immature chimpanzees. However, interpretations of what this morphological paedomorphism means behaviorally have varied widely. This paper documents the changes in positional behavior that occur during the ontogeny of pygmy and common chimpanzees so as to assess whether the adult pygmy chimpanzee is more similar in its positional behavior to immature rather than adult chimpanzees. Results of field studies indicate that both pygmy and common chimpanzees show significant and similar patterns of change in locomotor behavior during ontogeny. With increasing age, in both species, there is an increase in the frequency of quadrupedalism. In early infancy, chimpanzee positional behavior is clearly forelimb dominated, and clinging, climbing and armhanging are most common. Aided bipedalism is the earliest form of frequent hindlimb use. Only later is the infant able to coordinate forelimb and hindlimb use in quadrupedalism. As the frequency of quadrupedalism increases, the frequency of bipedalism decreases. By 2 years of age, common chimpanzee locomotion is primarily quadrupedal. In addition to changes in the type and frequency of locomotor activities performed, there are also ontogenetic changes in the type of substrates used and the locomotor activities performed on them. Results also indicate that adult pygmy chimpanzee arboreal locomotor behavior differs from that of adult common chimpanzees and most closely resembles that of infant chimpanzees. Adult pygmy chimpanzees, like immature common chimpanzees, use more suspensory and quadrupedal behavior than adult common chimpanzees. Shea (1981) has demonstrated that heterochrony in African ape evolution has resulted in substantial morphological differentiation. The results of this study complement Shea's findings by demonstrating that behavioral differences are associated with the morphological patterns.
Histochemical and immunocytochemical identification of the pituitary cell types in three sciaenid fishes : Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

The adenohypophysial cell types in three species of sciaenid teleosts were identified using a combination of classical histochemical techniques and immunocytochemistry with antisera raised against piscine and human pituitary hormones. In general greater specificity for the different cell types was observed with antisera to the piscine pituitary hormones than with antisera raised against the human hormones. The distribution of the cell types did not differ significantly among the three species, Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), and was similar to that reported in several other teleosts. A major portion of the rostral pars distalis was composed of acidophilic prolactin cells which showed specific binding to antisera to carp, coho salmon, and chinook salmon prolactins. The acidophilic corticotrops formed cords of cells which bordered the prolactin cells and showed strong immunoreactivity with anti-human ACTH. This antiserum also cross-reacted with the lead hematoxylin-positive cells in the pars intermedia. The acidophilic growth hormone cells were restricted to the dorsal part of the proximal pars distalis in close contact with the neurohypophysis and were specifically bound by anti-carp and anti-chum salmon growth hormone. The basophilic thyrotrops were located in the dorsal-anterior part of the proximal pars distalis and showed strong immunoreactivity to antiserum to the human thyrotropin β subunit. This antiserum also bound weakly to the basophilic gonadotrops which were concentrated in the ventral part of the proximal pars distalis and also extended posteriorly to form a border around the pars intermedia. Antiserum to croaker maturational gonadotropin, which recognizes two distinct gonadotropins in sciaenids, bound strongly and specifically to the gonadotrops. The gonadotrops were also bound specifically by antisera to the α and β subunits of human luteinizing hormone. Antisera to the β subunits of two recently isolated coho salmon gonadotropins, GTH-I and GTH-II, failed to bind the gonadotrops strongly or differentially in the three sciaenid species. Consequently, the number of gonadotropin cell types in sciaenid fishes remains unresolved.
What Are the Concerns and Questions of Mentors of Beginning Teachers

Mentoring offers a worthwhile alternative to the "sink or swim" or "trial by fire" entrance into teaching so many beginning teachers face. Without attention to the kinds of concerns, issues, and questions described in this article, however, mentoring beginning teachers can be far less useful than it might otherwise be.
Logarithmic corrections to the theory of the λ-transition in 4He

Abstract The logarithmic singularity in the specific heat is used to investigate the logarithmic corrections to the phenomenological theory of the λ-transition in liquid helium-4. A justification of the theory of Mamaladze is also given.
A Joint Examination of Quality Choice and Satisfaction: The Impact of Circumstantial Variables:

Using data from an online hotel reservation site, the authors jointly examine consumers' quality choice decision at the time of purchase and subsequent satisfaction with the hotel stay. They identify three circumstantial variables at the time of purchase that are likely to influence both the choice decisions and the postpurchase satisfaction: the time gap between purchase and consumption, distance between purchase and consumption, and time of purchase (business/nonbusiness hours). The authors incorporate these three circumstantial variables into a formal two-stage economic model and find that consumers who travel farther and make reservations during business hours are more likely to select higher-quality hotels but are less satisfied. Consumers who book earlier are more likely to select higher-quality hotels and are more satisfied. The findings suggest that incorporating circumstantial variables into formal choice models is useful in helping managers understand and predict consumer choices and satisfactio...
Empirical correlation of flow properties of poly(vinyl chloride)

Empirical correlations of flow properties of poly(vinyl chloride) were made using data reported by a number of investigators. Correlation was made by plotting the reduced variable viscosity η/η0 versus or for unplasticized PVC and versus with polymer concentration, W2, for PVC containing plasticizer.
Trends in CAD of analog ICs

This article presents views on the current trends in the field of computer-aided design (CAD) of analog integrated circuits (ICs), as gathered from a broad survey. The survey was conducted across various academic institutions and semiconductor industries, as well as government research funding agencies. The survey requested in-depth responses and the results were qualitative in nature, therefore, no numerical tabulation was possible. The future directions for the analog CAD field as presented in the survey indicate a need for increased activity and developments. The article gives an overview of analog circuit design and then summarizes the survey results, which are fairly detailed and cover various aspects of the analog circuit design automation process.
Insider Trading When an Underlying Option Is Present

We argue that increased leverage, lower litigation risk, and reduced trading costs in the options market result in lower incentives for informed market participants to trade in stocks that have options listed than in stocks without traded options. We also hypothesize that the underlying market for optioned stocks is informationally more efficient than that for nonoptioned stocks. Our cross-sectional tests of U.S. market data show that the level of insider trading is significantly lower, as a percentage of total trading volume, for optioned stocks than for nonoptioned stocks during months when insider trading is intense. When we compare the magnitude of stock price adjustments to insider trades, our results indicate that the price reaction to insider trading events is less pronounced for optioned stocks. Both pieces of evidence are consistent with the view that informed trading is less likely to occur and its price effect is better anticipated in the underlying market for optioned stocks than for nonoption...
Lung nodules and masses after cardiac transplantation.

Single or multiple lung nodules or masses were noted at chest radiography in 25 (9.7%) of 257 patients after cardiac transplantation. Two episodes occurred in each of three patients, for a total of 28 (10.9%) episodes in the 257 patients within the first 18 months after transplantation (transplantation performed between July 1987 and December 1990). Bronchoscopy, percutaneous needle biopsy, and open lung biopsy were performed as clinically warranted to establish a diagnosis. Infection was found in 21 instances (8.2%) in 18 patients. The most frequent pathogens were Aspergillus (n = 9 [3.5%]) and Nocardia (n = 7 [2.7%]). Aspergillus was hospital acquired in eight (89%) of nine patients and had a right-sided predominance (20 [74%] of 27 lesions). The nodules or masses appeared a median of 2 months after transplantation for Aspergillus (range, 0.5-12 months) and 5 months for Nocardia (range, 1-10 months). B cell lymphoma manifested as numerous nodules in two patients (0.8%). Although a variety of causes were...
Noise Tests of a High‐Aspect‐Ratio Slot Nozzle with Various V‐Gutter Target Thrust Reversers

The results of experiments on the noise generated by a 1.33- by 91.4 cm slot nozzle with various V-gutter reversers, and some thrust measurements are presented. The experiments were conducted with near-ambient temperature jets at nozzle pressure ratios of 1.25 to 3.0, yielding jet velocities of about 190 to 400 m/sec. At pressure ratios of 2 or less, the reversers, in addition to being noisier than the nozzle alone, also had a more uniform directional distribution and more high-frequency noise. At pressure ratios above 2, the nozzle alone generated enough shock noise that the levels were about the same as for the reversers. The maximum overall sound pressure level and the effective overall sound power level both varied with the sixth power of jet velocity over the range tested. The data were scaled up to a size suitable for reversing the wing-flap slot nozzle flow of a 45 400-kg augmentor-wing-type airplane on the ground, yielding perceived noise levels well above 95 PNdB on a 152-m sideline.
Personal media sharing and authoring on the web

In this paper, we propose a novel system working on the Web for personal media sharing and authoring. Three primary technologies enable this end-to-end system, including scalable video coding, intelligent multimedia content analysis, and template-based media authoring. Scalable video codec tackles the issue of huge data transmission, multimedia content analysis facilitates automatic video editing, and template-based media authoring scheme further reduces the workload of media sharing and authoring. Experiment and a demo system on a real Internet environment show that this novel system is effective.
Human female genital tract infection by the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis elicits robust Type 2 immunity.

While Chlamydia trachomatis infections are frequently asymptomatic, mechanisms that regulate host response to this intracellular Gram-negative bacterium remain undefined. This investigation thus used peripheral blood mononuclear cells and endometrial tissue from women with or without Chlamydia genital tract infection to better define this response. Initial genome-wide microarray analysis revealed highly elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 10 and other molecules characteristic of Type 2 immunity (e.g., fibrosis and wound repair) in Chlamydia-infected tissue. This result was corroborated in flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry studies that showed extant upper genital tract Chlamydia infection was associated with increased co-expression of CD200 receptor and CD206 (markers of alternative macrophage activation) by endometrial macrophages as well as increased expression of GATA-3 (the transcription factor regulating TH2 differentiation) by endometrial CD4+ T cells. Also among women with genital tract Chlamydia infection, peripheral CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD4- cells that proliferated in response to ex vivo stimulation with inactivated chlamydial antigen secreted significantly more interleukin (IL)-4 than tumor necrosis factor, interferon-γ, or IL-17; findings that repeated in T cells isolated from these same women 1 and 4 months after infection had been eradicated. Our results thus newly reveal that genital infection by an obligate intracellular bacterium induces polarization towards Type 2 immunity, including Chlamydia-specific TH2 development. Based on these findings, we now speculate that Type 2 immunity was selected by evolution as the host response to C. trachomatis in the human female genital tract to control infection and minimize immunopathological damage to vital reproductive structures.
Interoperability strategies for scientific cyberinfrastructure: Research and practice

The development of new infrastructures for research and collaboration are occurring together with changes in expectations for scientific knowledge. New vocabularies and perspectives are developing with social and organizational practices of science changing concurrently but at different rates. Between the new infrastructures and the new perspectives, we are changing both how we know and what it is to know. A recently initiated three year project supported by the NSF Human Social Dynamics Program (Interoperability Strategies for Scientific Cyberinfrastructure: A Comparative Study) brings together work with three established research collaborations on large-scale information infrastructures in order to understand through comparative study particular configurations of technologies, communities, and organizations. Despite specific alignments of technical commitment, community involvement and organizational structure, all the projects fall under a common rubric of achieving for data interoperability.
On approximate Inertial Manifolds to the Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract Recently, the theory of Inertial Manifolds has shown that the long time behavior (the dynamics) of certain dissipative partial differential equations can be fully discribed by that of a finite ordinary differential system. Although we are still unable to prove existence of Inertial Manifolds to the Navier-Stokes equations, we present here a nonlinear finite dimensional analytic manifold that approximates closely the global attractor in the two-dimensional case, and certain bounded invariant sets in the three-dimensional case. This approximate manifold and others allow us to introduce modified Galerkin approximations.
Potential effect of diaper and cotton ball contamination on NMR- and LC/MS-based metabonomics studies of urine from newborn babies.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based metabonomics screening of urine has great potential for discovery of biomarkers for diseases that afflict newborn and preterm infants. However, urine collection from newborn infants presents a potential confounding problem due to the possibility that contaminants might leach from materials used for urine collection and influence statistical analysis of metabonomics data. In this manuscript, we have analyzed diaper and cotton ball contamination using synthetic urine to assess its potential to influence the outcome of NMR- and LC/MS-based metabonomics studies of human infant urine. Eight diaper brands were examined using the “diaper plus cotton ball” technique. Data were analyzed using conventional principal components analysis, as well as a statistical significance algorithm developed for, and applied to, NMR data. Results showed most diaper brands had distinct contaminant profiles that could potentially influence NM...
Rituximab-based therapy for gemcitabine-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome in a patient with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report

Purpose The purpose of this report is to describe the management and outcome of an unusual complication of a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Gemcitabine is a known risk factor for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can often have a rapidly fatal clinical course despite intervention with steroids, plasmapheresis and hemodialysis.